197 files changed, 30343 insertions, 184 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index becd9bf6d..764cc058a 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ Config.in
 # Normal output
 #
 /busybox
+/busybox.exe
 /busybox_old
+/busybox_old.exe
 /busybox_unstripped*
+win32/resources/busybox-w32.manifest
 
 #
 # Backups / patches
diff --git a/Config.in b/Config.in
index a98a8b15b..da8a72a8e 100644
--- a/Config.in
+++ b/Config.in
@@ -9,6 +9,20 @@ config HAVE_DOT_CONFIG
         bool
         default y
 
+choice
+        prompt "Target platform"
+        default PLATFORM_POSIX
+        help
+          Target platform you are building busybox for
+
+config PLATFORM_POSIX
+        bool "POSIX"
+
+config PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        bool "MS Windows (MinGW port)"
+
+endchoice
+
 menu "Settings"
 
 config DESKTOP
@@ -357,6 +371,127 @@ config FEATURE_SYSLOG
         #This option is auto-selected when you select any applet which may
         #send its output to syslog. You do not need to select it manually.
 
+comment 'Settings for MINGW32'
+
+config GLOBBING
+        bool "Allow busybox.exe to expand wildcards"
+        default y
+        depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        help
+          In Microsoft Windows expansion of wildcards on the command line
+          ('globbing') is handled by the C runtime while the BusyBox shell
+          does its own wildcard expansion. In most circumstances BusyBox
+          will do the right thing. If it doesn't or if you don't need to
+          use BusyBox applets from the Windows Command Prompt you can stop
+          busybox.exe from expanding wildcards by setting this to 'N'.
+
+choice
+        prompt "Random number generator"
+        default FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL
+        depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        help
+        BusyBox on Microsoft Windows uses a pseudo-random number
+        generator to emulate the Linux /dev/urandom device.  There
+        are two options:
+        - The shell's built-in PRNG.
+        - Bob Jenkins' ISAAC.  This is intended to be a secure PRNG.  It's
+        slightly faster than the shell's PRNG but is larger both in terms
+        of code and runtime memory.
+
+config FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL
+        bool "Use shell PRNG"
+
+config FEATURE_PRNG_ISAAC
+        bool "Use ISAAC PRNG"
+
+endchoice
+
+config FEATURE_RESOURCES
+        bool "Include resources in binary"
+        default y
+        depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        help
+        Microsoft Windows applications can contain non-executable resources
+        of various sorts.
+
+config FEATURE_VERSIONINFO
+        bool "Include version information in binary (1.0 kb)"
+        default y
+        depends on FEATURE_RESOURCES
+        help
+        Include version information in the application.
+
+config FEATURE_ICON
+        bool "Include application icon in binary"
+        default y
+        depends on FEATURE_RESOURCES
+        help
+        Microsoft Windows applications can contain icons which are used in
+        various places in the user interface.  Each icon adds 15 Kbytes to
+        the size of the binary.
+
+choice
+        prompt "Application icon"
+        default FEATURE_ICON_ALL
+        depends on FEATURE_ICON
+
+config FEATURE_ICON_ATERM
+        bool "Adwaita terminal"
+
+config FEATURE_ICON_STERM
+        bool "Adwaita terminal (symbolic)"
+
+config FEATURE_ICON_ALL
+        bool "All available icons"
+
+endchoice
+
+config FEATURE_EURO
+        bool "Support the euro currency symbol (0.5 kb)"
+        default y
+        depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        help
+        Support the entry and display of the euro currency symbol.  This
+        requires the OEM code page to be 858.  If the OEM code page of
+        the console is 850 when BusyBox starts it's changed to 858.
+
+config SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION_DEFAULT
+        int "Default setting for ANSI escape sequences"
+        default 2
+        range 0 2
+        depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        help
+        Control how ANSI escape sequences are handled.  Possible values
+        are:
+
+        0  Always emulate escape sequences.
+        1  Always emit escape sequences.
+        2  Emit escape sequences if the terminal supports them, otherwise
+           emulate them.
+
+        Setting the environment variable BB_SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION overrides
+        this default.
+
+config FEATURE_IMPROVED_COLOUR_MAPPING
+        bool "More accurate colour mapping for ANSI emulation (0.6 kb)"
+        default y
+        depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        help
+        Use a more accurate technique to map RGB colours to the standard
+        Windows console colours.
+
+config FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+        bool "Read additional file metadata (2.1 kb)"
+        default y
+        depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        help
+        Read additional file metadata: device id, inode number and number
+        of hard links.  This may slow down some file operations but it
+        permits extra features such as warning of attempts to copy a file
+        onto itself or to store a tar archive in itself.  Also try to
+        determine the ownership of files so that, for example, 'ls' can
+        distinguish files belonging to the current user.
+
 comment 'Build Options'
 
 config STATIC
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index b2ce46c7c..783f55f87 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ NM		= $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm
 STRIP           = $(CROSS_COMPILE)strip
 OBJCOPY         = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objcopy
 OBJDUMP         = $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump
+WINDRES         = $(CROSS_COMPILE)windres
 PKG_CONFIG      ?= $(CROSS_COMPILE)pkg-config
 AWK             = awk
 GENKSYMS        = scripts/genksyms/genksyms
@@ -305,6 +306,15 @@ KALLSYMS	= scripts/kallsyms
 PERL            = perl
 CHECK           = sparse
 
+# Handle MSYS2 weirdness
+ifneq ($(CROSS_COMPILE),)
+ifeq ($(shell _= command -v $(AR)),)
+AR := $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc-ar
+STRIP := strip
+WINDRES := windres
+endif
+endif
+
 CHECKFLAGS     := -D__linux__ -Dlinux -D__STDC__ -Dunix -D__unix__ -Wbitwise $(CF)
 MODFLAGS        = -DMODULE
 CFLAGS_MODULE   = $(MODFLAGS)
@@ -312,6 +322,7 @@ AFLAGS_MODULE   = $(MODFLAGS)
 LDFLAGS_MODULE  = -r
 CFLAGS_KERNEL   =
 AFLAGS_KERNEL   =
+EXEEXT          =
 
 
 # Use LINUXINCLUDE when you must reference the include/ directory.
@@ -330,7 +341,7 @@ KERNELVERSION = $(VERSION).$(PATCHLEVEL).$(SUBLEVEL)$(EXTRAVERSION)
 
 export  VERSION PATCHLEVEL SUBLEVEL KERNELRELEASE KERNELVERSION \
         ARCH CONFIG_SHELL HOSTCC HOSTCFLAGS CROSS_COMPILE AS LD CC \
-        CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP MAKE AWK GENKSYMS PERL UTS_MACHINE \
+        CPP AR NM STRIP OBJCOPY OBJDUMP WINDRES MAKE AWK GENKSYMS PERL UTS_MACHINE \
         HOSTCXX HOSTCXXFLAGS LDFLAGS_MODULE CHECK CHECKFLAGS
 
 export CPPFLAGS NOSTDINC_FLAGS LINUXINCLUDE OBJCOPYFLAGS LDFLAGS
@@ -462,6 +473,7 @@ scripts_basic: include/autoconf.h
 # Objects we will link into busybox / subdirs we need to visit
 core-y          := \
                 applets/ \
+                win32/resources/ \
 
 libs-y          := \
                 archival/ \
@@ -492,6 +504,7 @@ libs-y		:= \
                 sysklogd/ \
                 util-linux/ \
                 util-linux/volume_id/ \
+                win32/ \
 
 endif # KBUILD_EXTMOD
 
@@ -532,7 +545,7 @@ endif
 # command line.
 # This allow a user to issue only 'make' to build a kernel including modules
 # Defaults busybox but it is usually overridden in the arch makefile
-all: busybox doc
+all: busybox$(EXEEXT) doc
 
 # arch Makefile may override CC so keep this after arch Makefile is included
 #bbox# NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)
@@ -715,16 +728,16 @@ debug_kallsyms: .tmp_map$(last_kallsyms)
 endif # ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
 
 # busybox image - including updated kernel symbols
-busybox_unstripped: $(busybox-all) FORCE
+busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT): $(busybox-all) FORCE
         $(call if_changed_rule,busybox__)
         $(Q)rm -f .old_version
 
-busybox: busybox_unstripped
+busybox$(EXEEXT): busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
 ifeq ($(SKIP_STRIP),y)
         $(Q)cp $< $@
 else
         $(Q)$(STRIP) -s --remove-section=.note --remove-section=.comment \
-                busybox_unstripped -o $@
+                busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT) -o $@
 # strip is confused by PIE executable and does not set exec bits
         $(Q)chmod a+x $@
 endif
@@ -966,7 +979,7 @@ endif # CONFIG_MODULES
 
 # Directories & files removed with 'make clean'
 CLEAN_DIRS  += $(MODVERDIR) _install 0_lib
-CLEAN_FILES +=  busybox busybox_unstripped* busybox.links \
+CLEAN_FILES +=  busybox$(EXEEXT) busybox_unstripped* busybox.links \
                 System.map .kernelrelease \
                 .tmp_kallsyms* .tmp_version .tmp_busybox* .tmp_System.map
 
@@ -984,6 +997,7 @@ MRPROPER_FILES += .config .config.old include/asm .version .old_version \
                   include/applets.h \
                   include/usage.h \
                   applets/usage \
+                  win32/resources/busybox-w32.manifest \
                   .kernelrelease Module.symvers tags TAGS cscope* \
                   busybox_old
 
diff --git a/Makefile.custom b/Makefile.custom
index 6f679c4e1..e2f6d1c2f 100644
--- a/Makefile.custom
+++ b/Makefile.custom
@@ -104,29 +104,29 @@ checkhelp:
                 $(patsubst %,$(srctree)/%,$(wildcard $(patsubst %,%/Config.in,$(busybox-dirs) ./)))
 
 .PHONY: sizes
-sizes: busybox_unstripped
+sizes: busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
         $(NM) --size-sort $(<)
 
 .PHONY: bloatcheck
-bloatcheck: busybox_old busybox_unstripped
-        @$(srctree)/scripts/bloat-o-meter busybox_old busybox_unstripped
-        @$(CROSS_COMPILE)size busybox_old busybox_unstripped
+bloatcheck: busybox_old$(EXEEXT) busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
+        @$(srctree)/scripts/bloat-o-meter busybox_old$(EXEEXT) busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
+        @$(CROSS_COMPILE)size busybox_old$(EXEEXT) busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
 
 .PHONY: baseline
-baseline: busybox_unstripped
-        @mv busybox_unstripped busybox_old
+baseline: busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
+        @mv busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT) busybox_old$(EXEEXT)
 
 .PHONY: objsizes
-objsizes: busybox_unstripped
+objsizes: busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
         $(srctree)/scripts/objsizes
 
 .PHONY: stksizes
-stksizes: busybox_unstripped
-        $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump -d busybox_unstripped | $(srctree)/scripts/checkstack.pl $(ARCH) | uniq
+stksizes: busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
+        $(CROSS_COMPILE)objdump -d busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT) | $(srctree)/scripts/checkstack.pl $(ARCH) | uniq
 
 .PHONY: bigdata
-bigdata: busybox_unstripped
-        $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm --size-sort busybox_unstripped | grep -vi ' [trw] '
+bigdata: busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT)
+        $(CROSS_COMPILE)nm --size-sort busybox_unstripped$(EXEEXT) | grep -vi ' [trw] '
 
 # Documentation Targets
 .PHONY: doc
diff --git a/Makefile.flags b/Makefile.flags
index c34356230..f202a5f54 100644
--- a/Makefile.flags
+++ b/Makefile.flags
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ CPPFLAGS += \
         -include include/autoconf.h \
         -D_GNU_SOURCE -DNDEBUG \
         $(if $(CONFIG_LFS),-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64) \
+        -DMINGW_VER=$(squote)$(quote)$(MINGW_VER)$(quote)$(squote) \
         -DBB_VER=$(squote)$(quote)$(BB_VER)$(quote)$(squote)
 
 CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Wall,)
@@ -145,6 +146,13 @@ CFLAGS += --sysroot=$(CONFIG_SYSROOT)
 export SYSROOT=$(CONFIG_SYSROOT)
 endif
 
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32),y)
+CFLAGS += -Iwin32 -DHAVE_STRING_H=1 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H=0 -fno-builtin-stpcpy -fno-builtin-stpncpy -fno-ident -fno-builtin-strndup
+EXEEXT = .exe
+LDLIBS += ws2_32
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32),y)
 # libm may be needed for dc, awk, ntpd
 LDLIBS += m
 # Android has no separate crypt library
@@ -160,6 +168,7 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(RT_AVAILABLE),y)
 LDLIBS += rt
 endif
+endif
 
 # libpam may use libpthread, libdl and/or libaudit.
 # On some platforms that requires an explicit -lpthread, -ldl, -laudit.
diff --git a/README b/README
index ada5935b9..9936e6cc3 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+Please see README.md for Windows-specific info.
 Please see the LICENSE file for details on copying and usage.
 Please refer to the INSTALL file for instructions on how to build.
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e7ffbbf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+### Status
+
+Things may work for you, or may not.  Things may never work because of huge differences between Linux and Windows.  Or things may work in future, if you report the problem on [GitHub](https://github.com/rmyorston/busybox-w32) or [GitLab](https://gitlab.com/rmyorston/busybox-w32).  If you don't have an account on one of those or you'd prefer to communicate privately you can email [rmy@pobox.com](mailto:rmy@pobox.com).
+
+Additional information and downloads of precompiled binaries are available from [frippery.org](https://frippery.org/busybox).
+
+### Building
+
+You need a MinGW compiler and a POSIX environment.  I cross-compile on Linux.  On Fedora the following should pull in everything required:
+
+`dnf install gcc make ncurses-devel perl-Pod-Html`
+
+`dnf install mingw64-gcc mingw64-windows-default-manifest` (for a 64-bit build)
+
+`dnf install mingw32-gcc mingw32-windows-default-manifest` (for a 32-bit build)
+
+On Microsoft Windows you can install MSYS2 and a 64-bit toolchain by following [these instructions](https://www.msys2.org/#installation).  To obtain a 32-bit toolchain run:
+
+`pacman -S --needed mingw-w64-i686-toolchain`
+
+Run `mingw64.exe` or `mingw32.exe` from the installation directory.
+
+On either Linux or Windows the commands `make mingw64_defconfig` or `make mingw32_defconfig` will pick up the default configuration.  You can then customize your build with `make menuconfig` (Linux only) or by editing `.config`, if you know what you're doing.
+
+Then just `make` or `make CROSS_COMPILE=""` on Windows.
+
+### Limitations
+
+ - Use forward slashes in paths:  Windows doesn't mind and the shell will be happier.
+ - Windows paths are different from Unix ([more detail](https://frippery.org/busybox/paths.html)):
+   * Absolute paths: `c:/path` or `//host/share`
+   * Relative to current directory of other drive: `c:path`
+   * Relative to current root (drive or share): `/path`
+   * Relative to current directory of current root (drive or share): `path`
+ - Handling of users, groups and permissions is totally bogus.  The system only admits to knowing about the current user and always returns the same hardcoded uid, gid and permission values.
+ - Some crufty old Windows code (Windows XP, cmd.exe) doesn't like forward slashes in environment variables.  The -X shell option (which must be the first argument) prevents busybox-w32 from changing backslashes to forward slashes.  If Windows programs don't run from the shell it's worth trying it.
+ - If you want to install 32-bit BusyBox in a system directory on a 64-bit version of Windows you should put it in `C:\Windows\SysWOW64`, not `C:\Windows\System32` as you might expect.  On 64-bit systems the latter is for 64-bit binaries.
+ - The system tries to detect the best way to handle ANSI escape sequences for the terminal being used.  If this doesn't work you can try setting the environment variable `BB_SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION=1` to force the use of literal ANSI escapes or `BB_SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION=0` to emulate them using the Windows console API.
+ - It's possible to obtain pseudo-random numbers using `if=/dev/urandom` as the input file to `dd`.  The same emulation of `/dev/urandom` is used internally by the `shred` utility and to support https in `wget`.  Since the pseudo-random number generator isn't being seeded with sufficient entropy the randomness shouldn't be relied on for any serious use.
diff --git a/applets/.gitignore b/applets/.gitignore
index 459938d67..970bb90a9 100644
--- a/applets/.gitignore
+++ b/applets/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 /applet_tables
 /usage
 /usage_pod
+/applet_tables.exe
+/usage.exe
+/usage_pod.exe
diff --git a/applets/applet_tables.c b/applets/applet_tables.c
index 66ef7e4ac..fe26a5109 100644
--- a/applets/applet_tables.c
+++ b/applets/applet_tables.c
@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         if (i < 0)
                 return 1;
         dup2(i, 1);
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        close(i);
+#endif
 
         /* Keep in sync with include/busybox.h! */
 
@@ -236,8 +239,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
         if (fclose(stdout))
                 return 1;
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        unlink(argv[1]);
+#endif
         if (rename(tmp1, argv[1]))
                 return 1;
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        unlink(argv[2]);
+#endif
         if (rename(tmp2, argv[2]))
                 return 1;
         return 0;
diff --git a/archival/ar.c b/archival/ar.c
index 320cbae72..beccab217 100644
--- a/archival/ar.c
+++ b/archival/ar.c
@@ -153,6 +153,9 @@ static int write_ar_archive(archive_handle_t *handle)
 {
         struct stat st;
         archive_handle_t *out_handle;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        char *temp_fn = NULL;
+#endif
 
         xfstat(handle->src_fd, &st, handle->ar__name);
 
@@ -161,8 +164,14 @@ static int write_ar_archive(archive_handle_t *handle)
          */
         if (st.st_size != 0) {
                 out_handle = init_handle();
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 xunlink(handle->ar__name);
                 out_handle->src_fd = xopen(handle->ar__name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC);
+#else
+                /* can't unlink open file, create temporary output file */
+                temp_fn = xasprintf("%sXXXXXX", handle->ar__name);
+                out_handle->src_fd = xmkstemp(temp_fn);
+#endif
                 out_handle->accept = handle->accept;
         } else {
                 out_handle = handle;
@@ -184,12 +193,20 @@ static int write_ar_archive(archive_handle_t *handle)
                 continue;
 
         /* optional, since we exit right after we return */
-        if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP) {
+        if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP || ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32) {
                 close(handle->src_fd);
                 if (out_handle->src_fd != handle->src_fd)
                         close(out_handle->src_fd);
         }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (temp_fn != NULL) {
+                xrename(temp_fn, handle->ar__name);
+                if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP)
+                        free(temp_fn);
+        }
+#endif
+
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
 #endif /* FEATURE_AR_CREATE */
diff --git a/archival/bbunzip.c b/archival/bbunzip.c
index 0ac059c19..467996071 100644
--- a/archival/bbunzip.c
+++ b/archival/bbunzip.c
@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ int FAST_FUNC bbunpack(char **argv,
                                 if (option_mask32 & BBUNPK_OPT_KEEP) /* ... unless -k */
                                         del = NULL;
                         }
+                        if (ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32)
+                                xclose(STDIN_FILENO);
                         if (del)
                                 xunlink(del);
  free_name:
diff --git a/archival/dpkg.c b/archival/dpkg.c
index bf070a001..8e1f9431d 100644
--- a/archival/dpkg.c
+++ b/archival/dpkg.c
@@ -149,6 +149,11 @@ enum edge_type_e {
         EDGE_RECOMMENDS = 13,
         EDGE_ENHANCES = 15
 };
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#undef VER_EQUAL
+#undef VER_LESS
+#undef VER_LESS_EQUAL
+#endif
 enum operator_e {
         VER_NULL = 0,
         VER_EQUAL = 1,
@@ -1770,6 +1775,10 @@ int dpkg_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         int state_status;
         int status_num;
         int i;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        char **ptr, *path;
+        int fd;
+#endif
 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS
         static const char dpkg_longopts[] ALIGN1 =
 // FIXME: we use -C non-compatibly, should be:
@@ -1814,6 +1823,26 @@ int dpkg_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 bb_show_usage();
         }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (opt & OPT_install) {
+                /* add system drive prefix to filenames, if necessary */
+                for (ptr = argv; *ptr; ++ptr) {
+                        *ptr = xabsolute_path(*ptr);
+                }
+        }
+
+        chdir_system_drive();
+
+        /* initialise data store */
+        path = xstrdup("/var/lib/dpkg/info");
+        bb_make_directory(path, -1, FILEUTILS_RECUR);
+        free(path);
+
+        fd = open("/var/lib/dpkg/status", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666);
+        if (fd >= 0)
+                xclose(fd);
+#endif
+
 /*      puts("(Reading database ... xxxxx files and directories installed.)"); */
         index_status_file("/var/lib/dpkg/status");
 
diff --git a/archival/libarchive/decompress_gunzip.c b/archival/libarchive/decompress_gunzip.c
index d051ecb81..d2f7a9309 100644
--- a/archival/libarchive/decompress_gunzip.c
+++ b/archival/libarchive/decompress_gunzip.c
@@ -1137,6 +1137,9 @@ static uint32_t buffer_read_le_u32(STATE_PARAM_ONLY)
         return res;
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && __GNUC__
+#pragma pack(2)
+#endif
 static int check_header_gzip(STATE_PARAM transformer_state_t *xstate)
 {
         union {
@@ -1208,6 +1211,9 @@ static int check_header_gzip(STATE_PARAM transformer_state_t *xstate)
         }
         return 1;
 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && __GNUC__
+#pragma pack()
+#endif
 
 IF_DESKTOP(long long) int FAST_FUNC
 unpack_gz_stream(transformer_state_t *xstate)
diff --git a/archival/libarchive/open_transformer.c b/archival/libarchive/open_transformer.c
index 44715ef25..3d202ad26 100644
--- a/archival/libarchive/open_transformer.c
+++ b/archival/libarchive/open_transformer.c
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ ssize_t FAST_FUNC xtransformer_write(transformer_state_t *xstate, const void *bu
         return nwrote;
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 void check_errors_in_children(int signo)
 {
         int status;
@@ -150,6 +151,12 @@ void FAST_FUNC fork_transformer(int fd, const char *transform_prog)
         close(fd_pipe.wr); /* don't want to write to the child */
         xmove_fd(fd_pipe.rd, fd);
 }
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW */
+void FAST_FUNC fork_transformer(int fd, const char *transform_prog)
+{
+        mingw_fork_compressor(fd, transform_prog, "r");
+}
+#endif
 
 
 #if SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION
diff --git a/archival/libarchive/unsafe_symlink_target.c b/archival/libarchive/unsafe_symlink_target.c
index f8dc8033d..8e4cd4380 100644
--- a/archival/libarchive/unsafe_symlink_target.c
+++ b/archival/libarchive/unsafe_symlink_target.c
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "bb_archive.h"
 
+/* symlink may not be available for WIN32, just issue a warning */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# undef bb_perror_msg_and_die
+# define bb_perror_msg_and_die(...) bb_perror_msg(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
 void FAST_FUNC create_or_remember_link(llist_t **link_placeholders,
                 const char *target,
                 const char *linkname,
@@ -31,11 +37,24 @@ void FAST_FUNC create_links_from_list(llist_t *list)
 
                 target = list->data + 1 + strlen(list->data + 1) + 1;
                 if ((*list->data ? link : symlink) (target, list->data + 1)) {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         /* shared message */
                         bb_error_msg_and_die("can't create %slink '%s' to '%s'",
                                 *list->data ? "hard" : "sym",
                                 list->data + 1, target
                         );
+#else
+                        if (!*list->data)
+                                bb_error_msg("can't create %slink '%s' to '%s'",
+                                        "sym",
+                                        list->data + 1, target
+                                );
+                        else
+                                bb_error_msg_and_die("can't create %slink '%s' to '%s'",
+                                        "hard",
+                                        list->data + 1, target
+                                );
+#endif
                 }
                 list = list->link;
         }
diff --git a/archival/rpm.c b/archival/rpm.c
index af8db99a6..d83c33137 100644
--- a/archival/rpm.c
+++ b/archival/rpm.c
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ static int rpm_gettags(const char *filename)
         }
         G.mytags = tags;
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* Map the store */
         storepos = (storepos + G_pagesize) & -(int)G_pagesize;
         /* remember size for munmap */
@@ -150,6 +151,14 @@ static int rpm_gettags(const char *filename)
         G.map = mmap_read(fd, storepos);
         if (G.map == MAP_FAILED)
                 bb_perror_msg_and_die("mmap '%s'", filename);
+#else
+# undef munmap
+# define munmap(p, l) free(p)
+        /* Allocate memory for the store */
+        G.map = xmalloc(storepos);
+        xlseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+        full_read(fd, G.map, storepos);
+#endif
 
         return fd;
 }
@@ -240,6 +249,7 @@ static void fileaction_dobackup(char *filename, int fileref)
         }
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void fileaction_setowngrp(char *filename, int fileref)
 {
         /* real rpm warns: "user foo does not exist - using <you>" */
@@ -249,6 +259,7 @@ static void fileaction_setowngrp(char *filename, int fileref)
         int gid = gr ? gr->gr_gid : getgid();
         chown(filename, uid, gid);
 }
+#endif
 
 static void loop_through_files(int filetag, void (*fileaction)(char *filename, int fileref))
 {
@@ -296,6 +307,9 @@ static void extract_cpio(int fd, const char *source_rpm)
 
         if (source_rpm != NULL) {
                 /* Binary rpm (it was built from some SRPM), install to root */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (chdir_system_drive())
+#endif
                 xchdir("/");
         } /* else: SRPM, install to current dir */
 
@@ -410,8 +424,10 @@ int rpm_main(int argc, char **argv)
                         loop_through_files(TAG_BASENAMES, fileaction_dobackup);
                         /* Extact the archive */
                         extract_cpio(rpm_fd, source_rpm);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         /* Set the correct file uid/gid's */
                         loop_through_files(TAG_BASENAMES, fileaction_setowngrp);
+#endif
                 }
                 else
                 if ((func & (rpm_query|rpm_query_package)) == (rpm_query|rpm_query_package)) {
diff --git a/archival/tar.c b/archival/tar.c
index 9de37592e..054640c01 100644
--- a/archival/tar.c
+++ b/archival/tar.c
@@ -161,11 +161,13 @@ typedef struct TarBallInfo {
 # endif
         HardLinkInfo *hlInfoHead;       /* Hard Link Tracking Information */
         HardLinkInfo *hlInfo;           /* Hard Link Info for the current file */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
 //TODO: save only st_dev + st_ino
         struct stat tarFileStatBuf;     /* Stat info for the tarball, letting
                                          * us know the inode and device that the
                                          * tarball lives, so we can avoid trying
                                          * to include the tarball into itself */
+#endif
 } TarBallInfo;
 
 /* A nice enum with all the possible tar file content types */
@@ -506,15 +508,21 @@ static int FAST_FUNC writeFileToTarball(struct recursive_state *state,
                 }
         }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
         /* It is a bad idea to store the archive we are in the process of creating,
          * so check the device and inode to be sure that this particular file isn't
          * the new tarball */
         if (tbInfo->tarFileStatBuf.st_dev == statbuf->st_dev
          && tbInfo->tarFileStatBuf.st_ino == statbuf->st_ino
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+         /* ignore invalid inode numbers */
+         && statbuf->st_ino != 0
+# endif
         ) {
                 bb_error_msg("%s: file is the archive; skipping", fileName);
                 return TRUE;
         }
+#endif
 
 # if !ENABLE_FEATURE_TAR_GNU_EXTENSIONS
         if (strlen(header_name) >= NAME_SIZE) {
@@ -568,7 +576,7 @@ static int FAST_FUNC writeFileToTarball(struct recursive_state *state,
         return TRUE;
 }
 
-# if SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION
+# if SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* Don't inline: vfork scares gcc and pessimizes code */
 static void NOINLINE vfork_compressor(int tar_fd, const char *gzip)
 {
@@ -645,6 +653,10 @@ static void NOINLINE vfork_compressor(int tar_fd, const char *gzip)
 }
 # endif /* SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION */
 
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#  define vfork_compressor(f, g) mingw_fork_compressor((f), (g), "w")
+# endif
+
 
 # if !SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION
 /* Do not pass gzip flag to writeTarFile() */
@@ -659,16 +671,21 @@ static NOINLINE int writeTarFile(
         const char *gzip)
 {
         int errorFlag = FALSE;
+# if SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION && ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        pid_t pid = 0;
+# endif
 
         /*tbInfo->hlInfoHead = NULL; - already is */
 
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
         /* Store the stat info for the tarball's file, so
          * can avoid including the tarball into itself....  */
         xfstat(tbInfo->tarFd, &tbInfo->tarFileStatBuf, "can't stat tar file");
+# endif
 
 # if SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION
         if (gzip)
-                vfork_compressor(tbInfo->tarFd, gzip);
+                IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(pid = )vfork_compressor(tbInfo->tarFd, gzip);
 # endif
 
         /* Read the directory/files and iterate over them one at a time */
@@ -702,7 +719,11 @@ static NOINLINE int writeTarFile(
 # if SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION
         if (gzip) {
                 int status;
+#  if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 if (safe_waitpid(-1, &status, 0) == -1)
+#  else
+                if (safe_waitpid(pid, &status, 0) == -1)
+#  endif
                         bb_simple_perror_msg("waitpid");
                 else if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status))
                         /* gzip was killed or has exited with nonzero! */
diff --git a/archival/unzip.c b/archival/unzip.c
index fc92ac661..edfd73652 100644
--- a/archival/unzip.c
+++ b/archival/unzip.c
@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "bb_archive.h"
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && __GNUC__
+#pragma pack(2)
+#endif
 
 #if 0
 # define dbg(...) bb_error_msg(__VA_ARGS__)
@@ -620,7 +623,7 @@ int unzip_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 }
         }
 
-#ifndef __GLIBC__
+#if !defined(__GLIBC__) && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /*
          * This code is needed for non-GNU getopt
          * which doesn't understand "-" in option string.
diff --git a/configs/mingw32_defconfig b/configs/mingw32_defconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d41899fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configs/mingw32_defconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,1217 @@
+#
+# Automatically generated make config: don't edit
+# Busybox version: 1.35.0.git
+# Fri Sep 17 09:17:23 2021
+#
+CONFIG_HAVE_DOT_CONFIG=y
+# CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX is not set
+CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32=y
+
+#
+# Settings
+#
+CONFIG_DESKTOP=y
+# CONFIG_EXTRA_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEDORA_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_INCLUDE_SUSv2 is not set
+CONFIG_LONG_OPTS=y
+CONFIG_SHOW_USAGE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_COMPRESS_USAGE=y
+CONFIG_LFS=y
+# CONFIG_PAM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UTMP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WTMP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDFILE is not set
+CONFIG_PID_FILE_PATH=""
+CONFIG_BUSYBOX=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SHOW_SCRIPT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALLER=y
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_NO_USR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG_QUIET is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS=y
+CONFIG_BUSYBOX_EXEC_PATH=""
+# CONFIG_SELINUX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOG_INFO is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOG is not set
+
+#
+# Settings for MINGW32
+#
+CONFIG_GLOBBING=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PRNG_ISAAC is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_RESOURCES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VERSIONINFO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON_ATERM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON_STERM is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON_ALL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EURO=y
+CONFIG_SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION_DEFAULT=2
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IMPROVED_COLOUR_MAPPING=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA=y
+
+#
+# Build Options
+#
+# CONFIG_STATIC is not set
+# CONFIG_PIE is not set
+# CONFIG_NOMMU is not set
+# CONFIG_BUILD_LIBBUSYBOX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LIBBUSYBOX_STATIC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SHARED_BUSYBOX is not set
+CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILER_PREFIX="i686-w64-mingw32-"
+CONFIG_SYSROOT=""
+CONFIG_EXTRA_CFLAGS=""
+CONFIG_EXTRA_LDFLAGS=""
+CONFIG_EXTRA_LDLIBS=""
+CONFIG_USE_PORTABLE_CODE=y
+CONFIG_STACK_OPTIMIZATION_386=y
+CONFIG_STATIC_LIBGCC=y
+
+#
+# Installation Options ("make install" behavior)
+#
+CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_SYMLINKS=y
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_HARDLINKS is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_SCRIPT_WRAPPERS is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_DONT is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_SYMLINK is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_HARDLINK is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_SCRIPT_WRAPPER is not set
+CONFIG_PREFIX=""
+
+#
+# Debugging Options
+#
+# CONFIG_DEBUG is not set
+# CONFIG_DEBUG_PESSIMIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_DEBUG_SANITIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_UNIT_TEST is not set
+# CONFIG_WERROR is not set
+# CONFIG_WARN_SIMPLE_MSG is not set
+CONFIG_NO_DEBUG_LIB=y
+# CONFIG_DMALLOC is not set
+# CONFIG_EFENCE is not set
+
+#
+# Library Tuning
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_BSS_TAIL is not set
+CONFIG_FLOAT_DURATION=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RTMINMAX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RTMINMAX_USE_LIBC_DEFINITIONS is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_USE_MALLOC=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_ON_STACK is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_IN_BSS is not set
+CONFIG_PASSWORD_MINLEN=6
+CONFIG_MD5_SMALL=1
+CONFIG_SHA3_SMALL=1
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FAST_TOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ETC_NETWORKS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ETC_SERVICES is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_MAX_LEN=1024
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_VI=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_HISTORY=255
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVEHISTORY=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVE_ON_EXIT is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_REVERSE_SEARCH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAB_COMPLETION=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_USERNAME_COMPLETION=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_FANCY_PROMPT=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_WINCH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_ASK_TERMINAL is not set
+# CONFIG_LOCALE_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_USING_LOCALE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_UNICODE_IN_ENV is not set
+CONFIG_SUBST_WCHAR=0
+CONFIG_LAST_SUPPORTED_WCHAR=0
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_COMBINING_WCHARS is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_WIDE_WCHARS is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_BIDI_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_NEUTRAL_TABLE is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_PRESERVE_BROKEN is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_NON_POSIX_CP=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_CP_MESSAGE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_SENDFILE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_COPYBUF_KB=4
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SKIP_ROOTFS is not set
+# CONFIG_MONOTONIC_SYSCALL is not set
+# CONFIG_IOCTL_HEX2STR_ERROR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HWIB is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TIMEZONE=y
+
+#
+# Applets
+#
+
+#
+# Archival Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_XZ=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_LZMA=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_BZ2=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_GZ=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_Z=y
+CONFIG_AR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AR_LONG_FILENAMES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AR_CREATE=y
+CONFIG_UNCOMPRESS=y
+CONFIG_GUNZIP=y
+CONFIG_ZCAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GUNZIP_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_BUNZIP2=y
+CONFIG_BZCAT=y
+CONFIG_UNLZMA=y
+CONFIG_LZCAT=y
+CONFIG_LZMA=y
+CONFIG_UNXZ=y
+CONFIG_XZCAT=y
+CONFIG_XZ=y
+CONFIG_BZIP2=y
+CONFIG_BZIP2_SMALL=8
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BZIP2_DECOMPRESS=y
+CONFIG_CPIO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_O=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_P is not set
+CONFIG_DPKG=y
+CONFIG_DPKG_DEB=y
+CONFIG_GZIP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_GZIP_FAST=2
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_LEVELS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_DECOMPRESS=y
+CONFIG_LZOP=y
+CONFIG_UNLZOP=y
+CONFIG_LZOPCAT=y
+# CONFIG_LZOP_COMPR_HIGH is not set
+CONFIG_RPM=y
+CONFIG_RPM2CPIO=y
+CONFIG_TAR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_CREATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_AUTODETECT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_FROM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_OLDGNU_COMPATIBILITY=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_OLDSUN_COMPATIBILITY is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_GNU_EXTENSIONS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_TO_COMMAND is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_UNAME_GNAME is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_NOPRESERVE_TIME=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_SELINUX is not set
+CONFIG_UNZIP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_CDF=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_BZIP2=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_LZMA=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_XZ=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LZMA_FAST=y
+
+#
+# Coreutils
+#
+CONFIG_BASENAME=y
+CONFIG_CAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CATN=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CATV=y
+# CONFIG_CHGRP is not set
+CONFIG_CHMOD=y
+# CONFIG_CHOWN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHOWN_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_CHROOT is not set
+CONFIG_CKSUM=y
+CONFIG_CRC32=y
+CONFIG_COMM=y
+CONFIG_CP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CP_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CP_REFLINK is not set
+CONFIG_CUT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CUT_REGEX=y
+CONFIG_DATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_NANO is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_COMPAT=y
+CONFIG_DD=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_SIGNAL_HANDLING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_THIRD_STATUS_LINE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_IBS_OBS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_STATUS=y
+CONFIG_DF=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DF_FANCY is not set
+CONFIG_DIRNAME=y
+CONFIG_DOS2UNIX=y
+CONFIG_UNIX2DOS=y
+CONFIG_DU=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DU_DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE_1K=y
+CONFIG_ECHO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_ECHO=y
+CONFIG_ENV=y
+CONFIG_EXPAND=y
+CONFIG_UNEXPAND=y
+CONFIG_EXPR=y
+CONFIG_EXPR_MATH_SUPPORT_64=y
+CONFIG_FACTOR=y
+CONFIG_FALSE=y
+CONFIG_FOLD=y
+CONFIG_HEAD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_HEAD=y
+# CONFIG_HOSTID is not set
+CONFIG_ID=y
+CONFIG_GROUPS=y
+CONFIG_INSTALL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALL_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_LINK=y
+CONFIG_LN=y
+CONFIG_LOGNAME=y
+CONFIG_LS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_FILETYPES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_FOLLOWLINKS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_RECURSIVE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_WIDTH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_SORTFILES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_TIMESTAMPS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_USERNAME=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_COLOR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_COLOR_IS_DEFAULT=y
+CONFIG_MD5SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA1SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA256SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA512SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA3SUM=y
+
+#
+# Common options for md5sum, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, sha3sum
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_MD5_SHA1_SUM_CHECK=y
+CONFIG_MKDIR=y
+# CONFIG_MKFIFO is not set
+# CONFIG_MKNOD is not set
+CONFIG_MKTEMP=y
+CONFIG_MV=y
+# CONFIG_NICE is not set
+CONFIG_NL=y
+# CONFIG_NOHUP is not set
+CONFIG_NPROC=y
+CONFIG_OD=y
+CONFIG_PASTE=y
+CONFIG_PRINTENV=y
+CONFIG_PRINTF=y
+CONFIG_PWD=y
+CONFIG_READLINK=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_READLINK_FOLLOW=y
+CONFIG_REALPATH=y
+CONFIG_RM=y
+CONFIG_RMDIR=y
+CONFIG_SEQ=y
+CONFIG_SHRED=y
+CONFIG_SHUF=y
+CONFIG_SLEEP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_SLEEP=y
+CONFIG_SORT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SORT_BIG=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SORT_OPTIMIZE_MEMORY is not set
+CONFIG_SPLIT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SPLIT_FANCY=y
+CONFIG_STAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_STAT_FORMAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_STAT_FILESYSTEM=y
+# CONFIG_STTY is not set
+CONFIG_SUM=y
+CONFIG_SYNC=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYNC_FANCY is not set
+CONFIG_FSYNC=y
+CONFIG_TAC=y
+CONFIG_TAIL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL=y
+CONFIG_TEE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TEE_USE_BLOCK_IO=y
+CONFIG_TEST=y
+CONFIG_TEST1=y
+CONFIG_TEST2=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TEST_64=y
+CONFIG_TIMEOUT=y
+CONFIG_TOUCH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TOUCH_SUSV3=y
+CONFIG_TR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TR_CLASSES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TR_EQUIV=y
+CONFIG_TRUE=y
+CONFIG_TRUNCATE=y
+# CONFIG_TTY is not set
+CONFIG_UNAME=y
+CONFIG_UNAME_OSNAME="MS/Windows"
+CONFIG_BB_ARCH=y
+CONFIG_UNIQ=y
+CONFIG_UNLINK=y
+CONFIG_USLEEP=y
+CONFIG_UUDECODE=y
+CONFIG_BASE32=y
+CONFIG_BASE64=y
+CONFIG_UUENCODE=y
+CONFIG_WC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WC_LARGE=y
+# CONFIG_WHO is not set
+# CONFIG_W is not set
+# CONFIG_USERS is not set
+CONFIG_WHOAMI=y
+CONFIG_YES=y
+
+#
+# Common options
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE=y
+
+#
+# Common options for cp and mv
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PRESERVE_HARDLINKS is not set
+
+#
+# Common options for df, du, ls
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HUMAN_READABLE=y
+
+#
+# Console Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_CHVT is not set
+CONFIG_CLEAR=y
+# CONFIG_DEALLOCVT is not set
+# CONFIG_DUMPKMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FGCONSOLE is not set
+# CONFIG_KBD_MODE is not set
+# CONFIG_LOADFONT is not set
+# CONFIG_SETFONT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETFONT_TEXTUAL_MAP is not set
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_SETFONT_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LOADFONT_PSF2 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LOADFONT_RAW is not set
+# CONFIG_LOADKMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_OPENVT is not set
+CONFIG_RESET=y
+# CONFIG_RESIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RESIZE_PRINT is not set
+# CONFIG_SETCONSOLE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETCONSOLE_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_SETKEYCODES is not set
+# CONFIG_SETLOGCONS is not set
+# CONFIG_SHOWKEY is not set
+
+#
+# Debian Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_PIPE_PROGRESS=y
+# CONFIG_RUN_PARTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RUN_PARTS_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RUN_PARTS_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_START_STOP_DAEMON is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_START_STOP_DAEMON_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_START_STOP_DAEMON_FANCY is not set
+CONFIG_WHICH=y
+
+#
+# klibc-utils
+#
+# CONFIG_MINIPS is not set
+# CONFIG_NUKE is not set
+# CONFIG_RESUME is not set
+# CONFIG_RUN_INIT is not set
+
+#
+# Editors
+#
+CONFIG_AWK=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AWK_LIBM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS=y
+CONFIG_CMP=y
+CONFIG_DIFF=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DIFF_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DIFF_DIR=y
+CONFIG_ED=y
+CONFIG_PATCH=y
+CONFIG_SED=y
+CONFIG_VI=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_MAX_LEN=4096
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_8BIT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_COLON=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_COLON_EXPAND=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_YANKMARK=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SEARCH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_REGEX_SEARCH=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_USE_SIGNALS is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_DOT_CMD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_READONLY=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SETOPTS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SET=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_WIN_RESIZE=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_ASK_TERMINAL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO_QUEUE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO_QUEUE_MAX=256
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_VERBOSE_STATUS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_ALLOW_EXEC=y
+
+#
+# Finding Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FIND=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PRINT0=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MTIME=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MMIN=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PERM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_TYPE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXECUTABLE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_XDEV=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MAXDEPTH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_NEWER=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_INUM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXEC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXEC_PLUS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_USER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_GROUP is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_NOT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_DEPTH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PAREN=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_SIZE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PRUNE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_QUIT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_DELETE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EMPTY=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PATH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_REGEX=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_CONTEXT is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_LINKS=y
+CONFIG_GREP=y
+CONFIG_EGREP=y
+CONFIG_FGREP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GREP_CONTEXT=y
+CONFIG_XARGS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_CONFIRMATION=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_QUOTES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_TERMOPT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_ZERO_TERM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_REPL_STR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_ARGS_FILE=y
+
+#
+# Init Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_BOOTCHARTD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BOOTCHARTD_BLOATED_HEADER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BOOTCHARTD_CONFIG_FILE is not set
+# CONFIG_HALT is not set
+# CONFIG_POWEROFF is not set
+# CONFIG_REBOOT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WAIT_FOR_INIT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CALL_TELINIT is not set
+CONFIG_TELINIT_PATH=""
+# CONFIG_INIT is not set
+# CONFIG_LINUXRC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_DELAY=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_SCTTY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_QUIET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_COREDUMPS is not set
+CONFIG_INIT_TERMINAL_TYPE=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_MODIFY_CMDLINE is not set
+
+#
+# Login/Password Management Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SHADOWPASSWDS is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_SHADOW is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_CRYPT is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_CRYPT_SHA is not set
+# CONFIG_ADD_SHELL is not set
+# CONFIG_REMOVE_SHELL is not set
+# CONFIG_ADDGROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ADDUSER_TO_GROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_ADDUSER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_NAMES is not set
+CONFIG_LAST_ID=0
+CONFIG_FIRST_SYSTEM_ID=0
+CONFIG_LAST_SYSTEM_ID=0
+# CONFIG_CHPASSWD is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DEFAULT_PASSWD_ALGO=""
+# CONFIG_CRYPTPW is not set
+# CONFIG_MKPASSWD is not set
+# CONFIG_DELUSER is not set
+# CONFIG_DELGROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DEL_USER_FROM_GROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_GETTY is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGIN_SESSION_AS_CHILD is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGIN_SCRIPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NOLOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SECURETTY is not set
+# CONFIG_PASSWD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PASSWD_WEAK_CHECK is not set
+# CONFIG_SU is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_SYSLOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_CHECKS_SHELLS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_BLANK_PW_NEEDS_SECURE_TTY is not set
+# CONFIG_SULOGIN is not set
+CONFIG_SUW32=y
+# CONFIG_VLOCK is not set
+
+#
+# Linux Ext2 FS Progs
+#
+CONFIG_CHATTR=y
+# CONFIG_FSCK is not set
+CONFIG_LSATTR=y
+# CONFIG_TUNE2FS is not set
+
+#
+# Linux Module Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_MODPROBE_SMALL is not set
+# CONFIG_DEPMOD is not set
+# CONFIG_INSMOD is not set
+# CONFIG_LSMOD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LSMOD_PRETTY_2_6_OUTPUT is not set
+# CONFIG_MODINFO is not set
+# CONFIG_MODPROBE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_BLACKLIST is not set
+# CONFIG_RMMOD is not set
+
+#
+# Options common to multiple modutils
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CMDLINE_MODULE_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_SMALL_CHECK_ALREADY_LOADED is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_2_4_MODULES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_VERSION_CHECKING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_KSYMOOPS_SYMBOLS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOADINKMEM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOAD_MAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOAD_MAP_FULL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_TAINTED_MODULE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_TRY_MMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_ALIAS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_SYMBOLS is not set
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_MODULES_DIR=""
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEPMOD_FILE=""
+
+#
+# Linux System Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_ACPID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ACPID_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_BLKDISCARD is not set
+# CONFIG_BLKID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BLKID_TYPE is not set
+# CONFIG_BLOCKDEV is not set
+CONFIG_CAL=y
+# CONFIG_CHRT is not set
+# CONFIG_DMESG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DMESG_PRETTY is not set
+# CONFIG_EJECT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EJECT_SCSI is not set
+# CONFIG_FALLOCATE is not set
+# CONFIG_FATATTR is not set
+# CONFIG_FBSET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FBSET_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FBSET_READMODE is not set
+# CONFIG_FDFORMAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FDISK is not set
+# CONFIG_FDISK_SUPPORT_LARGE_DISKS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FDISK_WRITABLE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_AIX_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SGI_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUN_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_OSF_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_GPT_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FDISK_ADVANCED is not set
+# CONFIG_FINDFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FLOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FDFLUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_FREERAMDISK is not set
+# CONFIG_FSCK_MINIX is not set
+# CONFIG_FSFREEZE is not set
+# CONFIG_FSTRIM is not set
+CONFIG_GETOPT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG=y
+CONFIG_HEXDUMP=y
+CONFIG_HD=y
+CONFIG_XXD=y
+# CONFIG_HWCLOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HWCLOCK_ADJTIME_FHS is not set
+# CONFIG_IONICE is not set
+# CONFIG_IPCRM is not set
+# CONFIG_IPCS is not set
+# CONFIG_LAST is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LAST_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_LOSETUP is not set
+# CONFIG_LSPCI is not set
+# CONFIG_LSUSB is not set
+# CONFIG_MDEV is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_CONF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_RENAME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_RENAME_REGEXP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_EXEC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_LOAD_FIRMWARE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_DAEMON is not set
+# CONFIG_MESG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MESG_ENABLE_ONLY_GROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_MKE2FS is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_EXT2 is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_MINIX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2 is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_REISER is not set
+# CONFIG_MKDOSFS is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_VFAT is not set
+# CONFIG_MKSWAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MKSWAP_UUID is not set
+# CONFIG_MORE is not set
+# CONFIG_MOUNT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FAKE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_VERBOSE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_HELPERS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_NFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_CIFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FLAGS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FSTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_OTHERTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_MOUNTPOINT is not set
+# CONFIG_NOLOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_NOLOGIN_DEPENDENCIES is not set
+# CONFIG_NSENTER is not set
+# CONFIG_PIVOT_ROOT is not set
+# CONFIG_RDATE is not set
+# CONFIG_RDEV is not set
+# CONFIG_READPROFILE is not set
+# CONFIG_RENICE is not set
+CONFIG_REV=y
+# CONFIG_RTCWAKE is not set
+# CONFIG_SCRIPT is not set
+# CONFIG_SCRIPTREPLAY is not set
+# CONFIG_SETARCH is not set
+# CONFIG_LINUX32 is not set
+# CONFIG_LINUX64 is not set
+# CONFIG_SETPRIV is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_DUMP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_CAPABILITIES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_CAPABILITY_NAMES is not set
+# CONFIG_SETSID is not set
+# CONFIG_SWAPON is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPON_DISCARD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPON_PRI is not set
+# CONFIG_SWAPOFF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPONOFF_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_SWITCH_ROOT is not set
+# CONFIG_TASKSET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TASKSET_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TASKSET_CPULIST is not set
+# CONFIG_UEVENT is not set
+# CONFIG_UMOUNT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UMOUNT_ALL is not set
+# CONFIG_UNSHARE is not set
+# CONFIG_WALL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP_CREATE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MTAB_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_VOLUMEID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_BCACHE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_BTRFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_CRAMFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EROFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXFAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_F2FS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_FAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_HFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ISO9660 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_JFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LINUXRAID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LINUXSWAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LUKS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_MINIX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_NILFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_NTFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_OCFS2 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_REISERFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ROMFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SQUASHFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SYSV is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UBIFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UDF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_XFS is not set
+
+#
+# Miscellaneous Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_ADJTIMEX is not set
+CONFIG_ASCII=y
+# CONFIG_BBCONFIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_COMPRESS_BBCONFIG is not set
+CONFIG_BC=y
+CONFIG_DC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DC_BIG=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DC_LIBM is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BC_INTERACTIVE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BC_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_BEEP is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BEEP_FREQ=0
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BEEP_LENGTH_MS=0
+# CONFIG_CHAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_NOFAIL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_TTY_HIFI is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_IMPLICIT_CR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_SWALLOW_OPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_SEND_ESCAPES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_VAR_ABORT_LEN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_CLR_ABORT is not set
+# CONFIG_CONSPY is not set
+# CONFIG_CROND is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_D is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_CALL_SENDMAIL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_SPECIAL_TIMES is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_CRONTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD_MODLOAD is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD_FG_NP is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD_VERBOSE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVFS is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVMEM is not set
+# CONFIG_FBSPLASH is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASH_ERASEALL is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASH_LOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASH_UNLOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASHCP is not set
+# CONFIG_HDPARM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_GET_IDENTITY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_SCAN_HWIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_UNREGISTER_HWIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_DRIVE_RESET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_TRISTATE_HWIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_GETSET_DMA is not set
+# CONFIG_HEXEDIT is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CGET is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CSET is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CDUMP is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CDETECT is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CTRANSFER is not set
+CONFIG_ICONV=y
+CONFIG_INOTIFYD=y
+CONFIG_LESS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_MAXLINES=9999999
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_BRACKETS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_MARKS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_LINENUMS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_RAW=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_ENV=y
+# CONFIG_LSSCSI is not set
+# CONFIG_MAKEDEVS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MAKEDEVS_LEAF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MAKEDEVS_TABLE is not set
+CONFIG_MAN=y
+# CONFIG_MICROCOM is not set
+# CONFIG_MIM is not set
+# CONFIG_MT is not set
+# CONFIG_NANDWRITE is not set
+# CONFIG_NANDDUMP is not set
+# CONFIG_PARTPROBE is not set
+# CONFIG_RAIDAUTORUN is not set
+# CONFIG_READAHEAD is not set
+# CONFIG_RFKILL is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNLEVEL is not set
+# CONFIG_RX is not set
+# CONFIG_SETFATTR is not set
+# CONFIG_SETSERIAL is not set
+CONFIG_STRINGS=y
+CONFIG_TIME=y
+CONFIG_TS=y
+CONFIG_TTYSIZE=y
+# CONFIG_UBIATTACH is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIDETACH is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIMKVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIRMVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIRSVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIUPDATEVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIRENAME is not set
+# CONFIG_VOLNAME is not set
+# CONFIG_WATCHDOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WATCHDOG_OPEN_TWICE is not set
+
+#
+# Networking Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPV6=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UNIX_LOCAL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PREFER_IPV4_ADDRESS=y
+# CONFIG_VERBOSE_RESOLUTION_ERRORS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TLS_SHA1 is not set
+# CONFIG_ARP is not set
+# CONFIG_ARPING is not set
+# CONFIG_BRCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BRCTL_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BRCTL_SHOW is not set
+# CONFIG_DNSD is not set
+# CONFIG_ETHER_WAKE is not set
+# CONFIG_FTPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_WRITE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_ACCEPT_BROKEN_LIST is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_AUTHENTICATION is not set
+CONFIG_FTPGET=y
+CONFIG_FTPPUT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPGETPUT_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_HOSTNAME is not set
+# CONFIG_DNSDOMAINNAME is not set
+CONFIG_HTTPD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_PORT_DEFAULT=80
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_SET_REMOTE_PORT_TO_ENV is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_GZIP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ETAG=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_LAST_MODIFIED=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_DATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ACL_IP=y
+# CONFIG_IFCONFIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_STATUS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_SLIP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_MEMSTART_IOADDR_IRQ is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_HW is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_BROADCAST_PLUS is not set
+# CONFIG_IFENSLAVE is not set
+# CONFIG_IFPLUGD is not set
+# CONFIG_IFUP is not set
+# CONFIG_IFDOWN is not set
+CONFIG_IFUPDOWN_IFSTATE_PATH=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IPV4 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IPV6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_MAPPING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_EXTERNAL_DHCP is not set
+# CONFIG_INETD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_ECHO is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_DISCARD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_TIME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_DAYTIME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_CHARGEN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_RPC is not set
+# CONFIG_IP is not set
+# CONFIG_IPADDR is not set
+# CONFIG_IPLINK is not set
+# CONFIG_IPROUTE is not set
+# CONFIG_IPTUNNEL is not set
+# CONFIG_IPRULE is not set
+# CONFIG_IPNEIGH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ADDRESS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_LINK is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ROUTE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ROUTE_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_TUNNEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_RULE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_NEIGH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_RARE_PROTOCOLS is not set
+CONFIG_IPCALC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPCALC_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPCALC_FANCY=y
+# CONFIG_FAKEIDENTD is not set
+# CONFIG_NAMEIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NAMEIF_EXTENDED is not set
+# CONFIG_NBDCLIENT is not set
+CONFIG_NC=y
+# CONFIG_NETCAT is not set
+CONFIG_NC_SERVER=y
+# CONFIG_NC_EXTRA is not set
+# CONFIG_NC_110_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_NETSTAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NETSTAT_WIDE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NETSTAT_PRG is not set
+# CONFIG_NSLOOKUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NSLOOKUP_BIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NSLOOKUP_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_NTPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NTPD_SERVER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NTPD_CONF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NTP_AUTH is not set
+# CONFIG_PING is not set
+# CONFIG_PING6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_PING is not set
+# CONFIG_PSCAN is not set
+# CONFIG_ROUTE is not set
+# CONFIG_SLATTACH is not set
+CONFIG_SSL_CLIENT=y
+# CONFIG_TC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TC_INGRESS is not set
+# CONFIG_TCPSVD is not set
+# CONFIG_UDPSVD is not set
+# CONFIG_TELNET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_TTYPE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_AUTOLOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_WIDTH is not set
+# CONFIG_TELNETD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_STANDALONE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_PORT_DEFAULT=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_INETD_WAIT is not set
+# CONFIG_TFTP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_PROGRESS_BAR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_HPA_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_TFTPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_GET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_PUT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_BLOCKSIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_TFTP_DEBUG is not set
+CONFIG_TLS=y
+# CONFIG_TRACEROUTE is not set
+# CONFIG_TRACEROUTE6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP is not set
+# CONFIG_TUNCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TUNCTL_UG is not set
+# CONFIG_VCONFIG is not set
+CONFIG_WGET=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_STATUSBAR is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_FTP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_AUTHENTICATION=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_TIMEOUT is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_HTTPS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_OPENSSL is not set
+CONFIG_WHOIS=y
+# CONFIG_ZCIP is not set
+# CONFIG_UDHCPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPD_BASE_IP_ON_MAC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPD_WRITE_LEASES_EARLY is not set
+CONFIG_DHCPD_LEASES_FILE=""
+# CONFIG_DUMPLEASES is not set
+# CONFIG_DHCPRELAY is not set
+# CONFIG_UDHCPC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC_ARPING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC_SANITIZEOPT is not set
+CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_SCRIPT=""
+# CONFIG_UDHCPC6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC3646 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC4704 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC4833 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC5970 is not set
+CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_INTERFACE=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_PORT is not set
+CONFIG_UDHCP_DEBUG=0
+CONFIG_UDHCPC_SLACK_FOR_BUGGY_SERVERS=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_RFC3397 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_8021Q is not set
+CONFIG_IFUPDOWN_UDHCPC_CMD_OPTIONS=""
+
+#
+# Print Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_LPD is not set
+# CONFIG_LPR is not set
+# CONFIG_LPQ is not set
+
+#
+# Mail Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_MAKEMIME is not set
+# CONFIG_POPMAILDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_POPMAILDIR_DELIVERY is not set
+# CONFIG_REFORMIME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_REFORMIME_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_SENDMAIL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_MIME_CHARSET=""
+
+#
+# Process Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FREE=y
+# CONFIG_FUSER is not set
+# CONFIG_IOSTAT is not set
+CONFIG_KILL=y
+CONFIG_KILLALL=y
+# CONFIG_KILLALL5 is not set
+# CONFIG_LSOF is not set
+# CONFIG_MPSTAT is not set
+# CONFIG_NMETER is not set
+CONFIG_PGREP=y
+CONFIG_PKILL=y
+CONFIG_PIDOF=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDOF_SINGLE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDOF_OMIT=y
+# CONFIG_PMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_POWERTOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_POWERTOP_INTERACTIVE is not set
+CONFIG_PS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_WIDE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_LONG is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_TIME=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_UNUSUAL_SYSTEMS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS is not set
+# CONFIG_PSTREE is not set
+# CONFIG_PWDX is not set
+# CONFIG_SMEMCAP is not set
+# CONFIG_BB_SYSCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_TOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_INTERACTIVE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_CPU_USAGE_PERCENTAGE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_CPU_GLOBAL_PERCENTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_CPU is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_DECIMALS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_PROCESS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOPMEM is not set
+CONFIG_UPTIME=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UPTIME_UTMP_SUPPORT is not set
+CONFIG_WATCH=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SHOW_THREADS is not set
+
+#
+# Runit Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_CHPST is not set
+# CONFIG_SETUIDGID is not set
+# CONFIG_ENVUIDGID is not set
+# CONFIG_ENVDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_SOFTLIMIT is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNSV is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNSVDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RUNSVDIR_LOG is not set
+# CONFIG_SV is not set
+CONFIG_SV_DEFAULT_SERVICE_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_SVC is not set
+# CONFIG_SVOK is not set
+# CONFIG_SVLOGD is not set
+# CONFIG_CHCON is not set
+# CONFIG_GETENFORCE is not set
+# CONFIG_GETSEBOOL is not set
+# CONFIG_LOAD_POLICY is not set
+# CONFIG_MATCHPATHCON is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNCON is not set
+# CONFIG_SELINUXENABLED is not set
+# CONFIG_SESTATUS is not set
+# CONFIG_SETENFORCE is not set
+# CONFIG_SETFILES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETFILES_CHECK_OPTION is not set
+# CONFIG_RESTORECON is not set
+# CONFIG_SETSEBOOL is not set
+
+#
+# Shells
+#
+CONFIG_SH_IS_ASH=y
+# CONFIG_SH_IS_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_SH_IS_NONE is not set
+CONFIG_BASH_IS_ASH=y
+# CONFIG_BASH_IS_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_BASH_IS_NONE is not set
+CONFIG_SHELL_ASH=y
+CONFIG_ASH=y
+# CONFIG_ASH_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE is not set
+CONFIG_ASH_INTERNAL_GLOB=y
+CONFIG_ASH_BASH_COMPAT=y
+# CONFIG_ASH_BASH_SOURCE_CURDIR is not set
+CONFIG_ASH_BASH_NOT_FOUND_HOOK=y
+CONFIG_ASH_JOB_CONTROL=y
+CONFIG_ASH_ALIAS=y
+CONFIG_ASH_RANDOM_SUPPORT=y
+CONFIG_ASH_EXPAND_PRMT=y
+# CONFIG_ASH_IDLE_TIMEOUT is not set
+# CONFIG_ASH_MAIL is not set
+CONFIG_ASH_ECHO=y
+CONFIG_ASH_PRINTF=y
+CONFIG_ASH_TEST=y
+CONFIG_ASH_HELP=y
+CONFIG_ASH_GETOPTS=y
+CONFIG_ASH_CMDCMD=y
+CONFIG_ASH_NOCONSOLE=y
+CONFIG_ASH_NOCASEGLOB=y
+# CONFIG_CTTYHACK is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_SHELL_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_BASH_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_BRACE_EXPANSION is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_BASH_SOURCE_CURDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_LINENO_VAR is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_INTERACTIVE is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_SAVEHISTORY is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_JOB is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TICK is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_IF is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_LOOPS is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_CASE is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_FUNCTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_LOCAL is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_RANDOM_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_MODE_X is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_ECHO is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_PRINTF is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TEST is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_HELP is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_EXPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_EXPORT_N is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_READONLY is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_KILL is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_WAIT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_COMMAND is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TRAP is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TYPE is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TIMES is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_READ is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_SET is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_UNSET is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_ULIMIT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_UMASK is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_GETOPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_MEMLEAK is not set
+
+#
+# Options common to all shells
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH_64=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH_BASE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_EXTRA_QUIET=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_NOFORK=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_READ_FRAC is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_HISTFILESIZE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_EMBEDDED_SCRIPTS=y
+
+#
+# System Logging Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_KLOGD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_KLOGD_KLOGCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGGER is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGREAD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LOGREAD_REDUCED_LOCKING is not set
+# CONFIG_SYSLOGD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ROTATE_LOGFILE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_REMOTE_LOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_DUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_CFG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_READ_BUFFER_SIZE=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IPC_SYSLOG is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPC_SYSLOG_BUFFER_SIZE=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_KMSG_SYSLOG is not set
diff --git a/configs/mingw64_defconfig b/configs/mingw64_defconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..449f16ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/configs/mingw64_defconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,1217 @@
+#
+# Automatically generated make config: don't edit
+# Busybox version: 1.35.0.git
+# Fri Sep 17 09:17:23 2021
+#
+CONFIG_HAVE_DOT_CONFIG=y
+# CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX is not set
+CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32=y
+
+#
+# Settings
+#
+CONFIG_DESKTOP=y
+# CONFIG_EXTRA_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEDORA_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_INCLUDE_SUSv2 is not set
+CONFIG_LONG_OPTS=y
+CONFIG_SHOW_USAGE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_COMPRESS_USAGE=y
+CONFIG_LFS=y
+# CONFIG_PAM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UTMP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WTMP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDFILE is not set
+CONFIG_PID_FILE_PATH=""
+CONFIG_BUSYBOX=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SHOW_SCRIPT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALLER=y
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_NO_USR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUID_CONFIG_QUIET is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS=y
+CONFIG_BUSYBOX_EXEC_PATH=""
+# CONFIG_SELINUX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOG_INFO is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOG is not set
+
+#
+# Settings for MINGW32
+#
+CONFIG_GLOBBING=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PRNG_ISAAC is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_RESOURCES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VERSIONINFO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON_ATERM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON_STERM is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_ICON_ALL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EURO=y
+CONFIG_SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION_DEFAULT=2
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IMPROVED_COLOUR_MAPPING=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA=y
+
+#
+# Build Options
+#
+# CONFIG_STATIC is not set
+# CONFIG_PIE is not set
+# CONFIG_NOMMU is not set
+# CONFIG_BUILD_LIBBUSYBOX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LIBBUSYBOX_STATIC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SHARED_BUSYBOX is not set
+CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILER_PREFIX="x86_64-w64-mingw32-"
+CONFIG_SYSROOT=""
+CONFIG_EXTRA_CFLAGS=""
+CONFIG_EXTRA_LDFLAGS=""
+CONFIG_EXTRA_LDLIBS=""
+CONFIG_USE_PORTABLE_CODE=y
+CONFIG_STACK_OPTIMIZATION_386=y
+CONFIG_STATIC_LIBGCC=y
+
+#
+# Installation Options ("make install" behavior)
+#
+CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_SYMLINKS=y
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_HARDLINKS is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_SCRIPT_WRAPPERS is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_APPLET_DONT is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_SYMLINK is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_HARDLINK is not set
+# CONFIG_INSTALL_SH_APPLET_SCRIPT_WRAPPER is not set
+CONFIG_PREFIX=""
+
+#
+# Debugging Options
+#
+# CONFIG_DEBUG is not set
+# CONFIG_DEBUG_PESSIMIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_DEBUG_SANITIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_UNIT_TEST is not set
+# CONFIG_WERROR is not set
+# CONFIG_WARN_SIMPLE_MSG is not set
+CONFIG_NO_DEBUG_LIB=y
+# CONFIG_DMALLOC is not set
+# CONFIG_EFENCE is not set
+
+#
+# Library Tuning
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_BSS_TAIL is not set
+CONFIG_FLOAT_DURATION=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RTMINMAX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RTMINMAX_USE_LIBC_DEFINITIONS is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_USE_MALLOC=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_ON_STACK is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BUFFERS_GO_IN_BSS is not set
+CONFIG_PASSWORD_MINLEN=6
+CONFIG_MD5_SMALL=1
+CONFIG_SHA3_SMALL=1
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FAST_TOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ETC_NETWORKS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ETC_SERVICES is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_MAX_LEN=1024
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_VI=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_HISTORY=255
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVEHISTORY=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVE_ON_EXIT is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_REVERSE_SEARCH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAB_COMPLETION=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_USERNAME_COMPLETION=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_FANCY_PROMPT=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_WINCH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EDITING_ASK_TERMINAL is not set
+# CONFIG_LOCALE_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_USING_LOCALE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_UNICODE_IN_ENV is not set
+CONFIG_SUBST_WCHAR=0
+CONFIG_LAST_SUPPORTED_WCHAR=0
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_COMBINING_WCHARS is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_WIDE_WCHARS is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_BIDI_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_NEUTRAL_TABLE is not set
+# CONFIG_UNICODE_PRESERVE_BROKEN is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_NON_POSIX_CP=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_CP_MESSAGE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_SENDFILE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_COPYBUF_KB=4
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SKIP_ROOTFS is not set
+# CONFIG_MONOTONIC_SYSCALL is not set
+# CONFIG_IOCTL_HEX2STR_ERROR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HWIB is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TIMEZONE=y
+
+#
+# Applets
+#
+
+#
+# Archival Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_XZ=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_LZMA=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_BZ2=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_GZ=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SEAMLESS_Z=y
+CONFIG_AR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AR_LONG_FILENAMES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AR_CREATE=y
+CONFIG_UNCOMPRESS=y
+CONFIG_GUNZIP=y
+CONFIG_ZCAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GUNZIP_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_BUNZIP2=y
+CONFIG_BZCAT=y
+CONFIG_UNLZMA=y
+CONFIG_LZCAT=y
+CONFIG_LZMA=y
+CONFIG_UNXZ=y
+CONFIG_XZCAT=y
+CONFIG_XZ=y
+CONFIG_BZIP2=y
+CONFIG_BZIP2_SMALL=8
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BZIP2_DECOMPRESS=y
+CONFIG_CPIO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_O=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CPIO_P is not set
+CONFIG_DPKG=y
+CONFIG_DPKG_DEB=y
+CONFIG_GZIP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_GZIP_FAST=2
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_LEVELS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GZIP_DECOMPRESS=y
+CONFIG_LZOP=y
+CONFIG_UNLZOP=y
+CONFIG_LZOPCAT=y
+# CONFIG_LZOP_COMPR_HIGH is not set
+CONFIG_RPM=y
+CONFIG_RPM2CPIO=y
+CONFIG_TAR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_CREATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_AUTODETECT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_FROM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_OLDGNU_COMPATIBILITY=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_OLDSUN_COMPATIBILITY is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_GNU_EXTENSIONS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_TO_COMMAND is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_UNAME_GNAME is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_NOPRESERVE_TIME=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TAR_SELINUX is not set
+CONFIG_UNZIP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_CDF=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_BZIP2=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_LZMA=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_UNZIP_XZ=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LZMA_FAST=y
+
+#
+# Coreutils
+#
+CONFIG_BASENAME=y
+CONFIG_CAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CATN=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CATV=y
+# CONFIG_CHGRP is not set
+CONFIG_CHMOD=y
+# CONFIG_CHOWN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHOWN_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_CHROOT is not set
+CONFIG_CKSUM=y
+CONFIG_CRC32=y
+CONFIG_COMM=y
+CONFIG_CP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CP_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CP_REFLINK is not set
+CONFIG_CUT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CUT_REGEX=y
+CONFIG_DATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_NANO is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DATE_COMPAT=y
+CONFIG_DD=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_SIGNAL_HANDLING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_THIRD_STATUS_LINE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_IBS_OBS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DD_STATUS=y
+CONFIG_DF=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DF_FANCY is not set
+CONFIG_DIRNAME=y
+CONFIG_DOS2UNIX=y
+CONFIG_UNIX2DOS=y
+CONFIG_DU=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DU_DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE_1K=y
+CONFIG_ECHO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_ECHO=y
+CONFIG_ENV=y
+CONFIG_EXPAND=y
+CONFIG_UNEXPAND=y
+CONFIG_EXPR=y
+CONFIG_EXPR_MATH_SUPPORT_64=y
+CONFIG_FACTOR=y
+CONFIG_FALSE=y
+CONFIG_FOLD=y
+CONFIG_HEAD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_HEAD=y
+# CONFIG_HOSTID is not set
+CONFIG_ID=y
+CONFIG_GROUPS=y
+CONFIG_INSTALL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_INSTALL_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_LINK=y
+CONFIG_LN=y
+CONFIG_LOGNAME=y
+CONFIG_LS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_FILETYPES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_FOLLOWLINKS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_RECURSIVE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_WIDTH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_SORTFILES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_TIMESTAMPS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_USERNAME=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_COLOR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LS_COLOR_IS_DEFAULT=y
+CONFIG_MD5SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA1SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA256SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA512SUM=y
+CONFIG_SHA3SUM=y
+
+#
+# Common options for md5sum, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, sha3sum
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_MD5_SHA1_SUM_CHECK=y
+CONFIG_MKDIR=y
+# CONFIG_MKFIFO is not set
+# CONFIG_MKNOD is not set
+CONFIG_MKTEMP=y
+CONFIG_MV=y
+# CONFIG_NICE is not set
+CONFIG_NL=y
+# CONFIG_NOHUP is not set
+CONFIG_NPROC=y
+CONFIG_OD=y
+CONFIG_PASTE=y
+CONFIG_PRINTENV=y
+CONFIG_PRINTF=y
+CONFIG_PWD=y
+CONFIG_READLINK=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_READLINK_FOLLOW=y
+CONFIG_REALPATH=y
+CONFIG_RM=y
+CONFIG_RMDIR=y
+CONFIG_SEQ=y
+CONFIG_SHRED=y
+CONFIG_SHUF=y
+CONFIG_SLEEP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_SLEEP=y
+CONFIG_SORT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SORT_BIG=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SORT_OPTIMIZE_MEMORY is not set
+CONFIG_SPLIT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SPLIT_FANCY=y
+CONFIG_STAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_STAT_FORMAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_STAT_FILESYSTEM=y
+# CONFIG_STTY is not set
+CONFIG_SUM=y
+CONFIG_SYNC=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYNC_FANCY is not set
+CONFIG_FSYNC=y
+CONFIG_TAC=y
+CONFIG_TAIL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_TAIL=y
+CONFIG_TEE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TEE_USE_BLOCK_IO=y
+CONFIG_TEST=y
+CONFIG_TEST1=y
+CONFIG_TEST2=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TEST_64=y
+CONFIG_TIMEOUT=y
+CONFIG_TOUCH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TOUCH_SUSV3=y
+CONFIG_TR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TR_CLASSES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TR_EQUIV=y
+CONFIG_TRUE=y
+CONFIG_TRUNCATE=y
+# CONFIG_TTY is not set
+CONFIG_UNAME=y
+CONFIG_UNAME_OSNAME="MS/Windows"
+CONFIG_BB_ARCH=y
+CONFIG_UNIQ=y
+CONFIG_UNLINK=y
+CONFIG_USLEEP=y
+CONFIG_UUDECODE=y
+CONFIG_BASE32=y
+CONFIG_BASE64=y
+CONFIG_UUENCODE=y
+CONFIG_WC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WC_LARGE=y
+# CONFIG_WHO is not set
+# CONFIG_W is not set
+# CONFIG_USERS is not set
+CONFIG_WHOAMI=y
+CONFIG_YES=y
+
+#
+# Common options
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE=y
+
+#
+# Common options for cp and mv
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PRESERVE_HARDLINKS is not set
+
+#
+# Common options for df, du, ls
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HUMAN_READABLE=y
+
+#
+# Console Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_CHVT is not set
+CONFIG_CLEAR=y
+# CONFIG_DEALLOCVT is not set
+# CONFIG_DUMPKMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FGCONSOLE is not set
+# CONFIG_KBD_MODE is not set
+# CONFIG_LOADFONT is not set
+# CONFIG_SETFONT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETFONT_TEXTUAL_MAP is not set
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_SETFONT_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LOADFONT_PSF2 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LOADFONT_RAW is not set
+# CONFIG_LOADKMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_OPENVT is not set
+CONFIG_RESET=y
+# CONFIG_RESIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RESIZE_PRINT is not set
+# CONFIG_SETCONSOLE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETCONSOLE_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_SETKEYCODES is not set
+# CONFIG_SETLOGCONS is not set
+# CONFIG_SHOWKEY is not set
+
+#
+# Debian Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_PIPE_PROGRESS=y
+# CONFIG_RUN_PARTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RUN_PARTS_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RUN_PARTS_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_START_STOP_DAEMON is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_START_STOP_DAEMON_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_START_STOP_DAEMON_FANCY is not set
+CONFIG_WHICH=y
+
+#
+# klibc-utils
+#
+# CONFIG_MINIPS is not set
+# CONFIG_NUKE is not set
+# CONFIG_RESUME is not set
+# CONFIG_RUN_INIT is not set
+
+#
+# Editors
+#
+CONFIG_AWK=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AWK_LIBM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_AWK_GNU_EXTENSIONS=y
+CONFIG_CMP=y
+CONFIG_DIFF=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DIFF_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DIFF_DIR=y
+CONFIG_ED=y
+CONFIG_PATCH=y
+CONFIG_SED=y
+CONFIG_VI=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_MAX_LEN=4096
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_8BIT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_COLON=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_COLON_EXPAND=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_YANKMARK=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SEARCH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_REGEX_SEARCH=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_USE_SIGNALS is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_DOT_CMD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_READONLY=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SETOPTS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_SET=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_WIN_RESIZE=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_ASK_TERMINAL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO_QUEUE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_UNDO_QUEUE_MAX=256
+CONFIG_FEATURE_VI_VERBOSE_STATUS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_ALLOW_EXEC=y
+
+#
+# Finding Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FIND=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PRINT0=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MTIME=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MMIN=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PERM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_TYPE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXECUTABLE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_XDEV=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_MAXDEPTH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_NEWER=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_INUM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXEC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EXEC_PLUS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_USER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_GROUP is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_NOT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_DEPTH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PAREN=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_SIZE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PRUNE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_QUIT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_DELETE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_EMPTY=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_PATH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_REGEX=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_CONTEXT is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FIND_LINKS=y
+CONFIG_GREP=y
+CONFIG_EGREP=y
+CONFIG_FGREP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GREP_CONTEXT=y
+CONFIG_XARGS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_CONFIRMATION=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_QUOTES=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_TERMOPT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_ZERO_TERM=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_REPL_STR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_ARGS_FILE=y
+
+#
+# Init Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_BOOTCHARTD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BOOTCHARTD_BLOATED_HEADER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BOOTCHARTD_CONFIG_FILE is not set
+# CONFIG_HALT is not set
+# CONFIG_POWEROFF is not set
+# CONFIG_REBOOT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WAIT_FOR_INIT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CALL_TELINIT is not set
+CONFIG_TELINIT_PATH=""
+# CONFIG_INIT is not set
+# CONFIG_LINUXRC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_USE_INITTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_REMOVED is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_KILL_DELAY=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_SCTTY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_SYSLOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_QUIET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_COREDUMPS is not set
+CONFIG_INIT_TERMINAL_TYPE=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INIT_MODIFY_CMDLINE is not set
+
+#
+# Login/Password Management Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SHADOWPASSWDS is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_SHADOW is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_CRYPT is not set
+# CONFIG_USE_BB_CRYPT_SHA is not set
+# CONFIG_ADD_SHELL is not set
+# CONFIG_REMOVE_SHELL is not set
+# CONFIG_ADDGROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ADDUSER_TO_GROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_ADDUSER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_NAMES is not set
+CONFIG_LAST_ID=0
+CONFIG_FIRST_SYSTEM_ID=0
+CONFIG_LAST_SYSTEM_ID=0
+# CONFIG_CHPASSWD is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DEFAULT_PASSWD_ALGO=""
+# CONFIG_CRYPTPW is not set
+# CONFIG_MKPASSWD is not set
+# CONFIG_DELUSER is not set
+# CONFIG_DELGROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DEL_USER_FROM_GROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_GETTY is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGIN_SESSION_AS_CHILD is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGIN_SCRIPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NOLOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SECURETTY is not set
+# CONFIG_PASSWD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PASSWD_WEAK_CHECK is not set
+# CONFIG_SU is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_SYSLOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_CHECKS_SHELLS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SU_BLANK_PW_NEEDS_SECURE_TTY is not set
+# CONFIG_SULOGIN is not set
+CONFIG_SUW32=y
+# CONFIG_VLOCK is not set
+
+#
+# Linux Ext2 FS Progs
+#
+CONFIG_CHATTR=y
+# CONFIG_FSCK is not set
+CONFIG_LSATTR=y
+# CONFIG_TUNE2FS is not set
+
+#
+# Linux Module Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_MODPROBE_SMALL is not set
+# CONFIG_DEPMOD is not set
+# CONFIG_INSMOD is not set
+# CONFIG_LSMOD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LSMOD_PRETTY_2_6_OUTPUT is not set
+# CONFIG_MODINFO is not set
+# CONFIG_MODPROBE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_BLACKLIST is not set
+# CONFIG_RMMOD is not set
+
+#
+# Options common to multiple modutils
+#
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CMDLINE_MODULE_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODPROBE_SMALL_CHECK_ALREADY_LOADED is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_2_4_MODULES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_VERSION_CHECKING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_KSYMOOPS_SYMBOLS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOADINKMEM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOAD_MAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_LOAD_MAP_FULL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_TAINTED_MODULE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INSMOD_TRY_MMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_ALIAS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MODUTILS_SYMBOLS is not set
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_MODULES_DIR=""
+CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEPMOD_FILE=""
+
+#
+# Linux System Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_ACPID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ACPID_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_BLKDISCARD is not set
+# CONFIG_BLKID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BLKID_TYPE is not set
+# CONFIG_BLOCKDEV is not set
+CONFIG_CAL=y
+# CONFIG_CHRT is not set
+# CONFIG_DMESG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DMESG_PRETTY is not set
+# CONFIG_EJECT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_EJECT_SCSI is not set
+# CONFIG_FALLOCATE is not set
+# CONFIG_FATATTR is not set
+# CONFIG_FBSET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FBSET_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FBSET_READMODE is not set
+# CONFIG_FDFORMAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FDISK is not set
+# CONFIG_FDISK_SUPPORT_LARGE_DISKS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FDISK_WRITABLE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_AIX_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SGI_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SUN_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_OSF_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_GPT_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FDISK_ADVANCED is not set
+# CONFIG_FINDFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FLOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FDFLUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_FREERAMDISK is not set
+# CONFIG_FSCK_MINIX is not set
+# CONFIG_FSFREEZE is not set
+# CONFIG_FSTRIM is not set
+CONFIG_GETOPT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_GETOPT_LONG=y
+CONFIG_HEXDUMP=y
+CONFIG_HD=y
+CONFIG_XXD=y
+# CONFIG_HWCLOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HWCLOCK_ADJTIME_FHS is not set
+# CONFIG_IONICE is not set
+# CONFIG_IPCRM is not set
+# CONFIG_IPCS is not set
+# CONFIG_LAST is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LAST_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_LOSETUP is not set
+# CONFIG_LSPCI is not set
+# CONFIG_LSUSB is not set
+# CONFIG_MDEV is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_CONF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_RENAME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_RENAME_REGEXP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_EXEC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_LOAD_FIRMWARE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MDEV_DAEMON is not set
+# CONFIG_MESG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MESG_ENABLE_ONLY_GROUP is not set
+# CONFIG_MKE2FS is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_EXT2 is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_MINIX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MINIX2 is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_REISER is not set
+# CONFIG_MKDOSFS is not set
+# CONFIG_MKFS_VFAT is not set
+# CONFIG_MKSWAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MKSWAP_UUID is not set
+# CONFIG_MORE is not set
+# CONFIG_MOUNT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FAKE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_VERBOSE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_HELPERS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_NFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_CIFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FLAGS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_FSTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_OTHERTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_MOUNTPOINT is not set
+# CONFIG_NOLOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_NOLOGIN_DEPENDENCIES is not set
+# CONFIG_NSENTER is not set
+# CONFIG_PIVOT_ROOT is not set
+# CONFIG_RDATE is not set
+# CONFIG_RDEV is not set
+# CONFIG_READPROFILE is not set
+# CONFIG_RENICE is not set
+CONFIG_REV=y
+# CONFIG_RTCWAKE is not set
+# CONFIG_SCRIPT is not set
+# CONFIG_SCRIPTREPLAY is not set
+# CONFIG_SETARCH is not set
+# CONFIG_LINUX32 is not set
+# CONFIG_LINUX64 is not set
+# CONFIG_SETPRIV is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_DUMP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_CAPABILITIES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETPRIV_CAPABILITY_NAMES is not set
+# CONFIG_SETSID is not set
+# CONFIG_SWAPON is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPON_DISCARD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPON_PRI is not set
+# CONFIG_SWAPOFF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SWAPONOFF_LABEL is not set
+# CONFIG_SWITCH_ROOT is not set
+# CONFIG_TASKSET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TASKSET_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TASKSET_CPULIST is not set
+# CONFIG_UEVENT is not set
+# CONFIG_UMOUNT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UMOUNT_ALL is not set
+# CONFIG_UNSHARE is not set
+# CONFIG_WALL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MOUNT_LOOP_CREATE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MTAB_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_VOLUMEID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_BCACHE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_BTRFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_CRAMFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EROFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXFAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_EXT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_F2FS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_FAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_HFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ISO9660 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_JFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LINUXRAID is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LINUXSWAP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_LUKS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_MINIX is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_NILFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_NTFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_OCFS2 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_REISERFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_ROMFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SQUASHFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_SYSV is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UBIFS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_UDF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_VOLUMEID_XFS is not set
+
+#
+# Miscellaneous Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_ADJTIMEX is not set
+CONFIG_ASCII=y
+# CONFIG_BBCONFIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_COMPRESS_BBCONFIG is not set
+CONFIG_BC=y
+CONFIG_DC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_DC_BIG=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DC_LIBM is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BC_INTERACTIVE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BC_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_BEEP is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BEEP_FREQ=0
+CONFIG_FEATURE_BEEP_LENGTH_MS=0
+# CONFIG_CHAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_NOFAIL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_TTY_HIFI is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_IMPLICIT_CR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_SWALLOW_OPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_SEND_ESCAPES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_VAR_ABORT_LEN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CHAT_CLR_ABORT is not set
+# CONFIG_CONSPY is not set
+# CONFIG_CROND is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_D is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_CALL_SENDMAIL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_SPECIAL_TIMES is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_CROND_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_CRONTAB is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD_MODLOAD is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD_FG_NP is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVFSD_VERBOSE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_DEVFS is not set
+# CONFIG_DEVMEM is not set
+# CONFIG_FBSPLASH is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASH_ERASEALL is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASH_LOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASH_UNLOCK is not set
+# CONFIG_FLASHCP is not set
+# CONFIG_HDPARM is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_GET_IDENTITY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_SCAN_HWIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_UNREGISTER_HWIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_DRIVE_RESET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_TRISTATE_HWIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HDPARM_HDIO_GETSET_DMA is not set
+# CONFIG_HEXEDIT is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CGET is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CSET is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CDUMP is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CDETECT is not set
+# CONFIG_I2CTRANSFER is not set
+CONFIG_ICONV=y
+CONFIG_INOTIFYD=y
+CONFIG_LESS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_MAXLINES=9999999
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_BRACKETS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_FLAGS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_TRUNCATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_MARKS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_DASHCMD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_LINENUMS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_RAW=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_LESS_ENV=y
+# CONFIG_LSSCSI is not set
+# CONFIG_MAKEDEVS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MAKEDEVS_LEAF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_MAKEDEVS_TABLE is not set
+CONFIG_MAN=y
+# CONFIG_MICROCOM is not set
+# CONFIG_MIM is not set
+# CONFIG_MT is not set
+# CONFIG_NANDWRITE is not set
+# CONFIG_NANDDUMP is not set
+# CONFIG_PARTPROBE is not set
+# CONFIG_RAIDAUTORUN is not set
+# CONFIG_READAHEAD is not set
+# CONFIG_RFKILL is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNLEVEL is not set
+# CONFIG_RX is not set
+# CONFIG_SETFATTR is not set
+# CONFIG_SETSERIAL is not set
+CONFIG_STRINGS=y
+CONFIG_TIME=y
+CONFIG_TS=y
+CONFIG_TTYSIZE=y
+# CONFIG_UBIATTACH is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIDETACH is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIMKVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIRMVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIRSVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIUPDATEVOL is not set
+# CONFIG_UBIRENAME is not set
+# CONFIG_VOLNAME is not set
+# CONFIG_WATCHDOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WATCHDOG_OPEN_TWICE is not set
+
+#
+# Networking Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPV6=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UNIX_LOCAL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PREFER_IPV4_ADDRESS=y
+# CONFIG_VERBOSE_RESOLUTION_ERRORS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TLS_SHA1 is not set
+# CONFIG_ARP is not set
+# CONFIG_ARPING is not set
+# CONFIG_BRCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BRCTL_FANCY is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_BRCTL_SHOW is not set
+# CONFIG_DNSD is not set
+# CONFIG_ETHER_WAKE is not set
+# CONFIG_FTPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_WRITE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_ACCEPT_BROKEN_LIST is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPD_AUTHENTICATION is not set
+CONFIG_FTPGET=y
+CONFIG_FTPPUT=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_FTPGETPUT_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_HOSTNAME is not set
+# CONFIG_DNSDOMAINNAME is not set
+CONFIG_HTTPD=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_PORT_DEFAULT=80
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_RANGES=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_CGI is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_CONFIG_WITH_SCRIPT_INTERPR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_SET_REMOTE_PORT_TO_ENV is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ERROR_PAGES=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_PROXY is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_GZIP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ETAG=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_LAST_MODIFIED=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_DATE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_ACL_IP=y
+# CONFIG_IFCONFIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_STATUS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_SLIP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_MEMSTART_IOADDR_IRQ is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_HW is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFCONFIG_BROADCAST_PLUS is not set
+# CONFIG_IFENSLAVE is not set
+# CONFIG_IFPLUGD is not set
+# CONFIG_IFUP is not set
+# CONFIG_IFDOWN is not set
+CONFIG_IFUPDOWN_IFSTATE_PATH=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IPV4 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_IPV6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_MAPPING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IFUPDOWN_EXTERNAL_DHCP is not set
+# CONFIG_INETD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_ECHO is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_DISCARD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_TIME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_DAYTIME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_SUPPORT_BUILTIN_CHARGEN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_INETD_RPC is not set
+# CONFIG_IP is not set
+# CONFIG_IPADDR is not set
+# CONFIG_IPLINK is not set
+# CONFIG_IPROUTE is not set
+# CONFIG_IPTUNNEL is not set
+# CONFIG_IPRULE is not set
+# CONFIG_IPNEIGH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ADDRESS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_LINK is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ROUTE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_ROUTE_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_TUNNEL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_RULE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_NEIGH is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IP_RARE_PROTOCOLS is not set
+CONFIG_IPCALC=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPCALC_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPCALC_FANCY=y
+# CONFIG_FAKEIDENTD is not set
+# CONFIG_NAMEIF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NAMEIF_EXTENDED is not set
+# CONFIG_NBDCLIENT is not set
+CONFIG_NC=y
+# CONFIG_NETCAT is not set
+CONFIG_NC_SERVER=y
+# CONFIG_NC_EXTRA is not set
+# CONFIG_NC_110_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_NETSTAT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NETSTAT_WIDE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NETSTAT_PRG is not set
+# CONFIG_NSLOOKUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NSLOOKUP_BIG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NSLOOKUP_LONG_OPTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_NTPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NTPD_SERVER is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NTPD_CONF is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_NTP_AUTH is not set
+# CONFIG_PING is not set
+# CONFIG_PING6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_FANCY_PING is not set
+# CONFIG_PSCAN is not set
+# CONFIG_ROUTE is not set
+# CONFIG_SLATTACH is not set
+CONFIG_SSL_CLIENT=y
+# CONFIG_TC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TC_INGRESS is not set
+# CONFIG_TCPSVD is not set
+# CONFIG_UDPSVD is not set
+# CONFIG_TELNET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_TTYPE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_AUTOLOGIN is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNET_WIDTH is not set
+# CONFIG_TELNETD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_STANDALONE is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_PORT_DEFAULT=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TELNETD_INETD_WAIT is not set
+# CONFIG_TFTP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_PROGRESS_BAR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_HPA_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_TFTPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_GET is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_PUT is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TFTP_BLOCKSIZE is not set
+# CONFIG_TFTP_DEBUG is not set
+CONFIG_TLS=y
+# CONFIG_TRACEROUTE is not set
+# CONFIG_TRACEROUTE6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_USE_ICMP is not set
+# CONFIG_TUNCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TUNCTL_UG is not set
+# CONFIG_VCONFIG is not set
+CONFIG_WGET=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_LONG_OPTIONS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_STATUSBAR is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_FTP=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_AUTHENTICATION=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_TIMEOUT is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_HTTPS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_WGET_OPENSSL is not set
+CONFIG_WHOIS=y
+# CONFIG_ZCIP is not set
+# CONFIG_UDHCPD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPD_BASE_IP_ON_MAC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPD_WRITE_LEASES_EARLY is not set
+CONFIG_DHCPD_LEASES_FILE=""
+# CONFIG_DUMPLEASES is not set
+# CONFIG_DHCPRELAY is not set
+# CONFIG_UDHCPC is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC_ARPING is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC_SANITIZEOPT is not set
+CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_SCRIPT=""
+# CONFIG_UDHCPC6 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC3646 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC4704 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC4833 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCPC6_RFC5970 is not set
+CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_INTERFACE=""
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_PORT is not set
+CONFIG_UDHCP_DEBUG=0
+CONFIG_UDHCPC_SLACK_FOR_BUGGY_SERVERS=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_RFC3397 is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_8021Q is not set
+CONFIG_IFUPDOWN_UDHCPC_CMD_OPTIONS=""
+
+#
+# Print Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_LPD is not set
+# CONFIG_LPR is not set
+# CONFIG_LPQ is not set
+
+#
+# Mail Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_MAKEMIME is not set
+# CONFIG_POPMAILDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_POPMAILDIR_DELIVERY is not set
+# CONFIG_REFORMIME is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_REFORMIME_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_SENDMAIL is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_MIME_CHARSET=""
+
+#
+# Process Utilities
+#
+CONFIG_FREE=y
+# CONFIG_FUSER is not set
+# CONFIG_IOSTAT is not set
+CONFIG_KILL=y
+CONFIG_KILLALL=y
+# CONFIG_KILLALL5 is not set
+# CONFIG_LSOF is not set
+# CONFIG_MPSTAT is not set
+# CONFIG_NMETER is not set
+CONFIG_PGREP=y
+CONFIG_PKILL=y
+CONFIG_PIDOF=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDOF_SINGLE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PIDOF_OMIT=y
+# CONFIG_PMAP is not set
+# CONFIG_POWERTOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_POWERTOP_INTERACTIVE is not set
+CONFIG_PS=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_WIDE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_LONG is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_TIME=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_UNUSUAL_SYSTEMS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_PS_ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS is not set
+# CONFIG_PSTREE is not set
+# CONFIG_PWDX is not set
+# CONFIG_SMEMCAP is not set
+# CONFIG_BB_SYSCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_TOP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_INTERACTIVE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_CPU_USAGE_PERCENTAGE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_CPU_GLOBAL_PERCENTS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_CPU is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_DECIMALS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOP_SMP_PROCESS is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_TOPMEM is not set
+CONFIG_UPTIME=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_UPTIME_UTMP_SUPPORT is not set
+CONFIG_WATCH=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SHOW_THREADS is not set
+
+#
+# Runit Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_CHPST is not set
+# CONFIG_SETUIDGID is not set
+# CONFIG_ENVUIDGID is not set
+# CONFIG_ENVDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_SOFTLIMIT is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNSV is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNSVDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_RUNSVDIR_LOG is not set
+# CONFIG_SV is not set
+CONFIG_SV_DEFAULT_SERVICE_DIR=""
+# CONFIG_SVC is not set
+# CONFIG_SVOK is not set
+# CONFIG_SVLOGD is not set
+# CONFIG_CHCON is not set
+# CONFIG_GETENFORCE is not set
+# CONFIG_GETSEBOOL is not set
+# CONFIG_LOAD_POLICY is not set
+# CONFIG_MATCHPATHCON is not set
+# CONFIG_RUNCON is not set
+# CONFIG_SELINUXENABLED is not set
+# CONFIG_SESTATUS is not set
+# CONFIG_SETENFORCE is not set
+# CONFIG_SETFILES is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SETFILES_CHECK_OPTION is not set
+# CONFIG_RESTORECON is not set
+# CONFIG_SETSEBOOL is not set
+
+#
+# Shells
+#
+CONFIG_SH_IS_ASH=y
+# CONFIG_SH_IS_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_SH_IS_NONE is not set
+CONFIG_BASH_IS_ASH=y
+# CONFIG_BASH_IS_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_BASH_IS_NONE is not set
+CONFIG_SHELL_ASH=y
+CONFIG_ASH=y
+# CONFIG_ASH_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE is not set
+CONFIG_ASH_INTERNAL_GLOB=y
+CONFIG_ASH_BASH_COMPAT=y
+# CONFIG_ASH_BASH_SOURCE_CURDIR is not set
+CONFIG_ASH_BASH_NOT_FOUND_HOOK=y
+CONFIG_ASH_JOB_CONTROL=y
+CONFIG_ASH_ALIAS=y
+CONFIG_ASH_RANDOM_SUPPORT=y
+CONFIG_ASH_EXPAND_PRMT=y
+# CONFIG_ASH_IDLE_TIMEOUT is not set
+# CONFIG_ASH_MAIL is not set
+CONFIG_ASH_ECHO=y
+CONFIG_ASH_PRINTF=y
+CONFIG_ASH_TEST=y
+CONFIG_ASH_HELP=y
+CONFIG_ASH_GETOPTS=y
+CONFIG_ASH_CMDCMD=y
+CONFIG_ASH_NOCONSOLE=y
+CONFIG_ASH_NOCASEGLOB=y
+# CONFIG_CTTYHACK is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_SHELL_HUSH is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_BASH_COMPAT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_BRACE_EXPANSION is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_BASH_SOURCE_CURDIR is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_LINENO_VAR is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_INTERACTIVE is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_SAVEHISTORY is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_JOB is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TICK is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_IF is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_LOOPS is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_CASE is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_FUNCTIONS is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_LOCAL is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_RANDOM_SUPPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_MODE_X is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_ECHO is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_PRINTF is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TEST is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_HELP is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_EXPORT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_EXPORT_N is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_READONLY is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_KILL is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_WAIT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_COMMAND is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TRAP is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TYPE is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_TIMES is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_READ is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_SET is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_UNSET is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_ULIMIT is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_UMASK is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_GETOPTS is not set
+# CONFIG_HUSH_MEMLEAK is not set
+
+#
+# Options common to all shells
+#
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH_64=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH_BASE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_EXTRA_QUIET=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_NOFORK=y
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_READ_FRAC is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_HISTFILESIZE=y
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_EMBEDDED_SCRIPTS=y
+
+#
+# System Logging Utilities
+#
+# CONFIG_KLOGD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_KLOGD_KLOGCTL is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGGER is not set
+# CONFIG_LOGREAD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_LOGREAD_REDUCED_LOCKING is not set
+# CONFIG_SYSLOGD is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_ROTATE_LOGFILE is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_REMOTE_LOG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_DUP is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_CFG is not set
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_PRECISE_TIMESTAMPS is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_SYSLOGD_READ_BUFFER_SIZE=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_IPC_SYSLOG is not set
+CONFIG_FEATURE_IPC_SYSLOG_BUFFER_SIZE=0
+# CONFIG_FEATURE_KMSG_SYSLOG is not set
diff --git a/console-tools/reset.c b/console-tools/reset.c
index 113bb5c76..2f65aad15 100644
--- a/console-tools/reset.c
+++ b/console-tools/reset.c
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
 //config:       This program is used to reset the terminal screen, if it
 //config:       gets messed up.
 
-//applet:IF_RESET(APPLET_NOEXEC(reset, reset, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP, reset))
+// NOTE: For WIN32 this applet is NOFORK so we can change the screen
+//       buffer for the current process.
+
+//applet:IF_RESET(APPLET_NOFORK(reset, reset, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP, reset))
 
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_RESET) += reset.o
 
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ int stty_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int reset_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int reset_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         static const char *const args[] = {
                 "stty", "sane", NULL
         };
@@ -61,5 +65,14 @@ int reset_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
                 execvp("stty", (char**)args);
 #endif
         }
+#else
+        if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO)) {
+                // "ESC [ m"        -- Reset all display attributes
+                // "ESC [ ? 1049 l" -- Use normal screen buffer
+                // reset_screen     -- Reset cursor and clear screen buffer
+                full_write1_str(ESC"[m" ESC"[?1049l");
+                reset_screen();
+        }
+#endif
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/coreutils/date.c b/coreutils/date.c
index abcc37c33..4e62a6fb0 100644
--- a/coreutils/date.c
+++ b/coreutils/date.c
@@ -97,7 +97,9 @@
 //usage:#define date_full_usage "\n\n"
 //usage:       "Display time (using +FMT), or set time\n"
 //usage:     "\n        -u              Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)"
+//usage:        IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        [-s] TIME       Set time to TIME"
+//usage:        )
 //usage:     "\n        -d TIME         Display TIME, not 'now'"
 //usage:        IF_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT(
 //usage:     "\n        -D FMT          FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion"
@@ -132,19 +134,30 @@
 
 enum {
         OPT_RFC2822   = (1 << 0), /* R */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         OPT_SET       = (1 << 1), /* s */
         OPT_UTC       = (1 << 2), /* u */
         OPT_DATE      = (1 << 3), /* d */
         OPT_REFERENCE = (1 << 4), /* r */
         OPT_ISO8601   = (1 << 5) * ENABLE_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT, /* I */
         OPT_STR2DT    = (1 << 6) * ENABLE_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT, /* D */
+#else
+        OPT_SET       = (0),      /* s */
+        OPT_UTC       = (1 << 1), /* u */
+        OPT_DATE      = (1 << 2), /* d */
+        OPT_REFERENCE = (1 << 3), /* r */
+        OPT_ISO8601   = (1 << 4) * ENABLE_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT, /* I */
+        OPT_STR2DT    = (1 << 5) * ENABLE_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT, /* D */
+#endif
 };
 
 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS
 static const char date_longopts[] ALIGN1 =
                 "rfc-822\0"   No_argument       "R"
                 "rfc-2822\0"  No_argument       "R"
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 "set\0"       Required_argument "s"
+#endif
                 "utc\0"       No_argument       "u"
         /*      "universal\0" No_argument       "u" */
                 "date\0"      Required_argument "d"
@@ -174,13 +187,25 @@ int date_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         char *isofmt_arg = NULL;
 
         opt = getopt32long(argv, "^"
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         "Rs:ud:r:"
+#else
+                        "Rud:r:"
+#endif
                         IF_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT("I::D:")
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         "\0"
                         "d--s:s--d"
                         IF_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT(":R--I:I--R"),
+#else
+                        IF_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT("\0R--I:I--R"),
+#endif
                         date_longopts,
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         &date_str, &date_str, &filename
+#else
+                        &date_str, &filename
+#endif
                         IF_FEATURE_DATE_ISOFMT(, &isofmt_arg, &fmt_str2dt)
         );
         argv += optind;
diff --git a/coreutils/dd.c b/coreutils/dd.c
index 06c1b7b9c..a3c9ababf 100644
--- a/coreutils/dd.c
+++ b/coreutils/dd.c
@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@
 //usage:     "\n        status=none     Suppress all output"
 //usage:        )
 //usage:     "\n"
+//usage:    IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:     "\nif=/dev/zero and if=/dev/urandom are supported"
+//usage:        )
 //usage:     "\nN may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), MB, M, GB, G"
 //usage:
 //usage:#define dd_example_usage
@@ -301,9 +304,11 @@ static int parse_comma_flags(char *val, const char *words, const char *error_in)
 
 static void *alloc_buf(size_t size)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* Important for "{i,o}flag=direct" - buffers must be page aligned */
         if (size >= bb_getpagesize())
                 return xmmap_anon(size);
+#endif
         return xmalloc(size);
 }
 
@@ -423,11 +428,11 @@ int dd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_DD_IBS_OBS
                 if (what == OP_ibs) {
                         /* Must fit into positive ssize_t */
-                        ibs = xatoul_range_sfx(val, 1, ((size_t)-1L)/2, cwbkMG_suffixes);
+                        ibs = xatoul_range_sfx(val, 1, ULONG_MAX/2, cwbkMG_suffixes);
                         /*continue;*/
                 }
                 if (what == OP_obs) {
-                        obs = xatoul_range_sfx(val, 1, ((size_t)-1L)/2, cwbkMG_suffixes);
+                        obs = xatoul_range_sfx(val, 1, ULONG_MAX/2, cwbkMG_suffixes);
                         /*continue;*/
                 }
                 if (what == OP_conv) {
@@ -444,7 +449,7 @@ int dd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 }
 #endif
                 if (what == OP_bs) {
-                        ibs = xatoul_range_sfx(val, 1, ((size_t)-1L)/2, cwbkMG_suffixes);
+                        ibs = xatoul_range_sfx(val, 1, ULONG_MAX/2, cwbkMG_suffixes);
                         obs = ibs;
                         /*continue;*/
                 }
@@ -504,7 +509,10 @@ int dd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 if (G.flags & FLAG_IDIRECT)
                         iflag |= O_DIRECT;
 #endif
-                xmove_fd(xopen(infile, iflag), ifd);
+                xmove_fd(MINGW_SPECIAL(xopen)(infile, iflag), ifd);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                update_special_fd(get_dev_type(infile), ifd);
+#endif
         } else {
                 infile = bb_msg_standard_input;
         }
@@ -521,6 +529,27 @@ int dd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 #endif
                 xmove_fd(xopen(outfile, oflag), ofd);
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                {
+                        off_t len = (off_t)seek * ((G.flags & FLAG_SEEK_BYTES) ? 1 : obs);
+                        struct stat st;
+                        int ret = fstat(ofd, &st);
+
+                        if (ret == 0 && !(G.flags & FLAG_APPEND) && len > st.st_size)
+                                make_sparse(ofd, st.st_size, len);
+
+                        if (seek && !(G.flags & FLAG_NOTRUNC)) {
+                                if (ftruncate(ofd, len) < 0) {
+                                        if (ret < 0
+                                         || S_ISREG(st.st_mode)
+                                         || S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)
+                                        ) {
+                                                goto die_outfile;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+#else
                 if (seek && !(G.flags & FLAG_NOTRUNC)) {
                         size_t blocksz = (G.flags & FLAG_SEEK_BYTES) ? 1 : obs;
                         if (ftruncate(ofd, seek * blocksz) < 0) {
@@ -534,6 +563,7 @@ int dd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                                 }
                         }
                 }
+#endif
         } else {
                 outfile = bb_msg_standard_output;
         }
diff --git a/coreutils/du.c b/coreutils/du.c
index 832dd7594..092647468 100644
--- a/coreutils/du.c
+++ b/coreutils/du.c
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static void print(unsigned long long size, const char *filename)
                         size >>= 10;
                 }
         }
-        printf("%llu\t%s\n", size, filename);
+        printf("%"LL_FMT"u\t%s\n", size, filename);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/coreutils/expr.c b/coreutils/expr.c
index 760b081f9..b896acd44 100644
--- a/coreutils/expr.c
+++ b/coreutils/expr.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
 #if ENABLE_EXPR_MATH_SUPPORT_64
 typedef int64_t arith_t;
 
-#define PF_REZ      "ll"
+#define PF_REZ      LL_FMT
 #define PF_REZ_TYPE (long long)
 #define STRTOL(s, e, b) strtoll(s, e, b)
 #else
diff --git a/coreutils/factor.c b/coreutils/factor.c
index de8ea4e11..a7a5a5030 100644
--- a/coreutils/factor.c
+++ b/coreutils/factor.c
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ static NOINLINE void print_w(wide_t n)
 {
         unsigned rep = square_count;
         do
-                printf(" %llu", n);
+                printf(" %"LL_FMT"u", n);
         while (--rep != 0);
 }
 static NOINLINE void print_h(half_t n)
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ static void factorize_numstr(const char *numstr)
         N = bb_strtoull(numstr, NULL, 10);
         if (errno)
                 bb_show_usage();
-        printf("%llu:", N);
+        printf("%"LL_FMT"u:", N);
         square_count = 1;
         factorize(N);
 }
diff --git a/coreutils/ls.c b/coreutils/ls.c
index 48f5eb482..58b8fde75 100644
--- a/coreutils/ls.c
+++ b/coreutils/ls.c
@@ -316,6 +316,9 @@ struct dnode {
         int       dn_rdev_min;
 //      dev_t     dn_dev;
 //      blksize_t dn_blksize;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        DWORD     dn_attr;
+#endif
 };
 
 struct globals {
@@ -497,7 +500,11 @@ static NOINLINE unsigned display_single(const struct dnode *dn)
                         lpath = xmalloc_readlink_or_warn(dn->fullname);
 
         if (opt & OPT_i) /* show inode# */
-                column += printf("%7llu ", (long long) dn->dn_ino);
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+                column += printf("%7"LL_FMT"u ", (long long) dn->dn_ino);
+#else
+                column += printf("%19"LL_FMT"u ", (long long) dn->dn_ino);
+#endif
 //TODO: -h should affect -s too:
         if (opt & OPT_s) /* show allocated blocks */
                 column += printf("%6"OFF_FMT"u ", (off_t) (dn->dn_blocks >> 1));
@@ -652,7 +659,11 @@ static void display_files(struct dnode **dn, unsigned nfiles)
                 }
                 column_width += 2
                         + ((option_mask32 & OPT_Z) ? 33 : 0) /* context width */
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
                         + ((option_mask32 & OPT_i) ? 8 : 0) /* inode# width */
+#else
+                        + ((option_mask32 & OPT_i) ? 20 : 0) /* inode# width */
+#endif
                         + ((option_mask32 & OPT_s) ? 5 : 0) /* "alloc block" width */
                 ;
                 ncols = (unsigned)G_terminal_width / column_width;
@@ -733,6 +744,9 @@ static struct dnode *my_stat(const char *fullname, const char *name, int force_f
 
         /* cur->dstat = statbuf: */
         cur->dn_mode   = statbuf.st_mode  ;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        cur->dn_attr   = statbuf.st_attr  ;
+#endif
         cur->dn_size   = statbuf.st_size  ;
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LS_TIMESTAMPS || ENABLE_FEATURE_LS_SORTFILES
         cur->dn_time   = statbuf.st_mtime ;
@@ -942,9 +956,20 @@ static struct dnode **scan_one_dir(const char *path, unsigned *nfiles_p)
                                 continue; /* if only -A, skip . and .. but show other dotfiles */
                         }
                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path) && path[2] == '\0')
+                        fullname = xasprintf("%s%s", path, entry->d_name);
+                else
+#endif
                 fullname = concat_path_file(path, entry->d_name);
                 cur = my_stat(fullname, bb_basename(fullname), 0);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 if (!cur) {
+#else
+                if (!cur || ((cur->dn_attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN) &&
+                                                !(option_mask32 & (OPT_a|OPT_A)))) {
+                        /* skip invalid or hidden files */
+#endif
                         free(fullname);
                         continue;
                 }
@@ -1053,6 +1078,18 @@ static void scan_and_display_dirs_recur(struct dnode **dn, int first)
         }
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static char *fix_backslash(char *p)
+{
+        const char *flag = getenv("BB_FIX_BACKSLASH");
+        int value = flag ? atoi(flag) : 0;
+
+        if (value == 1)
+                bs_to_slash(p);
+        return p;
+}
+#endif
+
 
 int ls_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 {       /*      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ note: if FTPD, argc can be wrong, see ftpd.c */
@@ -1208,6 +1245,9 @@ int ls_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         dn = NULL;
         nfiles = 0;
         do {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                *argv = fix_backslash(*argv);
+#endif
                 cur = my_stat(*argv, *argv,
                         /* follow links on command line unless -l, -i, -s or -F: */
                         !(option_mask32 & (OPT_l|OPT_i|OPT_s|OPT_F))
diff --git a/coreutils/nproc.c b/coreutils/nproc.c
index bb9bc56c5..fb673a210 100644
--- a/coreutils/nproc.c
+++ b/coreutils/nproc.c
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@
 int nproc_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int nproc_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         unsigned long mask[1024];
+#else
+        DWORD_PTR affinity, process_affinity, system_affinity;
+#endif
         int count = 0;
 #if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS
         int ignore = 0;
@@ -38,7 +42,10 @@ int nproc_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
                         "all\0"    No_argument       "\xff"
                         , &ignore
         );
+#endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#if ENABLE_LONG_OPTS
         if (opts & (1 << 1)) {
                 DIR *cpusd = opendir("/sys/devices/system/cpu");
                 if (cpusd) {
@@ -63,6 +70,17 @@ int nproc_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
                         }
                 }
         }
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+        if (GetProcessAffinityMask(GetCurrentProcess(), &process_affinity,
+                                        &system_affinity)) {
+                affinity = (ENABLE_LONG_OPTS && opts & (1 << 1)) ?
+                                                system_affinity : process_affinity;
+                while (affinity) {
+                        count += affinity & 1;
+                        affinity >>= 1;
+                }
+        }
+#endif /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
 
         IF_LONG_OPTS(count -= ignore;)
         if (count <= 0)
diff --git a/coreutils/od_bloaty.c b/coreutils/od_bloaty.c
index 5b5e56a21..1830aca83 100644
--- a/coreutils/od_bloaty.c
+++ b/coreutils/od_bloaty.c
@@ -101,6 +101,13 @@ typedef long long llong;
 # define LDBL_DIG DBL_DIG
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+/* symbol conflict */
+#define CHAR SIZE_CHAR
+#define SHORT SIZE_SHORT
+#define LONG SIZE_LONG
+#define INT SIZE_INT
+#endif
 enum size_spec {
         NO_SIZE,
         CHAR,
diff --git a/coreutils/printf.c b/coreutils/printf.c
index 2e672d15f..da129f909 100644
--- a/coreutils/printf.c
+++ b/coreutils/printf.c
@@ -152,6 +152,71 @@ static double my_xstrtod(const char *arg)
         return result;
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static int buflen = 0;
+static int bufmax = 0;
+static char *buffer = NULL;
+
+static void my_flush(void)
+{
+        if (buffer)
+                full_write(STDOUT_FILENO, buffer, buflen);
+        free(buffer);
+        buffer = NULL;
+        buflen = bufmax = 0;
+}
+
+static void copy_to_buffer(const char *str, int len)
+{
+        char *newbuf;
+
+        if (buflen + len >= bufmax) {
+                bufmax += 256 + len;
+                if ((newbuf = realloc(buffer, bufmax)) == NULL) {
+                        my_flush();
+                        return;
+                }
+                buffer = newbuf;
+        }
+        memcpy(buffer + buflen, str, len);
+        buflen += len;
+
+        if (buflen > 40 && buffer[buflen-1] == '\n')
+                my_flush();
+}
+
+static int my_putchar(int ch)
+{
+        char str[1] = { (char)ch };
+        copy_to_buffer(str, 1);
+        return ch;
+}
+
+static int my_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+        va_list list;
+        char *str;
+        int len;
+
+        va_start(list, format);
+        len = vasprintf(&str, format, list);
+        va_end(list);
+
+        if (len >= 0) {
+                copy_to_buffer(str, len);
+                free(str);
+        }
+        return len;
+}
+
+#undef bb_putchar
+#undef putchar
+#undef printf
+#define bb_putchar(c) my_putchar(c)
+#define putchar(c) my_putchar(c)
+#define printf(...) my_printf(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
 /* Handles %b; return 1 if output is to be short-circuited by \c */
 static int print_esc_string(const char *str)
 {
@@ -444,6 +509,9 @@ int printf_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         do {
                 argv = argv2;
                 argv2 = print_formatted(format, argv, &conv_err);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                my_flush();
+#endif
         } while (argv2 > argv && *argv2);
 
         /* coreutils compat (bash doesn't do this):
diff --git a/coreutils/shred.c b/coreutils/shred.c
index 04bf87229..794d7b815 100644
--- a/coreutils/shred.c
+++ b/coreutils/shred.c
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ int shred_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         opt = getopt32(argv, "^" "fuzn:+vxs:" "\0" "-1"/*min 1 arg*/, &num_iter, &opt_s);
         argv += optind;
 
-        zero_fd = xopen("/dev/zero", O_RDONLY);
+        zero_fd = MINGW_SPECIAL(xopen)("/dev/zero", O_RDONLY);
         if (num_iter != 0)
-                rand_fd = xopen("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
+                rand_fd = MINGW_SPECIAL(xopen)("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
 
         for (;;) {
                 struct stat sb;
@@ -102,8 +102,14 @@ int shred_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 }
                 if (opt & OPT_u) {
                         ftruncate(fd, 0);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        xclose(fd);
+#endif
                         xunlink(fname);
                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                else
+#endif
                 xclose(fd);
         }
 
diff --git a/coreutils/shuf.c b/coreutils/shuf.c
index 3def3d80f..81b0df453 100644
--- a/coreutils/shuf.c
+++ b/coreutils/shuf.c
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ int shuf_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
         for (i = numlines - outlines; i < numlines; i++) {
                 if (opts & OPT_i)
-                        printf("%llu%c", lo + (uintptr_t)lines[i], eol);
+                        printf("%"LL_FMT"u%c", lo + (uintptr_t)lines[i], eol);
                 else
                         printf("%s%c", lines[i], eol);
         }
diff --git a/coreutils/split.c b/coreutils/split.c
index 3fcfd95f2..9393423a1 100644
--- a/coreutils/split.c
+++ b/coreutils/split.c
@@ -78,8 +78,10 @@ static char *next_file(char *old, unsigned suffix_len)
         return old;
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #define read_buffer bb_common_bufsiz1
 enum { READ_BUFFER_SIZE = COMMON_BUFSIZE - 1 };
+#endif
 
 #define SPLIT_OPT_l (1<<0)
 #define SPLIT_OPT_b (1<<1)
@@ -97,8 +99,12 @@ int split_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         unsigned opt;
         ssize_t bytes_read, to_write;
         char *src;
-
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        size_t READ_BUFFER_SIZE = 16*1024;
+        char *read_buffer = xmalloc(16*1024);
+#else
         setup_common_bufsiz();
+#endif
 
         opt = getopt32(argv, "^"
                         "l:b:a:+" /* -a N */
diff --git a/coreutils/stat.c b/coreutils/stat.c
index 2c2909e7e..940ade89a 100644
--- a/coreutils/stat.c
+++ b/coreutils/stat.c
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ FS_TYPE(0x012FF7B4, "xenix") \
 FS_TYPE(0x012FF7B5, "sysv4") \
 FS_TYPE(0x012FF7B6, "sysv2") \
 FS_TYPE(0x012FF7B7, "coh") \
+IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(FS_TYPE(0x15013346, "udf")) \
 FS_TYPE(0x00011954, "ufs") \
 FS_TYPE(0x012FD16D, "xia") \
 FS_TYPE(0x5346544e, "ntfs") \
diff --git a/coreutils/sum.c b/coreutils/sum.c
index 16ec44540..a15d1932d 100644
--- a/coreutils/sum.c
+++ b/coreutils/sum.c
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@ static unsigned sum_file(const char *file, unsigned type)
         if (type >= SUM_SYSV) {
                 r = (s & 0xffff) + ((s & 0xffffffff) >> 16);
                 s = (r & 0xffff) + (r >> 16);
-                printf("%u %llu %s\n", s, (total_bytes + 511) / 512, file);
+                printf("%u %"LL_FMT"u %s\n", s, (total_bytes + 511) / 512, file);
         } else
-                printf("%05u %5llu %s\n", s, (total_bytes + 1023) / 1024, file);
+                printf("%05u %5"LL_FMT"u %s\n", s, (total_bytes + 1023) / 1024, file);
         return 1;
 #undef buf
 }
diff --git a/coreutils/timeout.c b/coreutils/timeout.c
index 06108f315..74df31d10 100644
--- a/coreutils/timeout.c
+++ b/coreutils/timeout.c
@@ -42,11 +42,38 @@
 //usage:       "[-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS"
 //usage:#define timeout_full_usage "\n\n"
 //usage:       "Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.\n"
-//usage:       "Default SIG: TERM."
+//usage:       "Default SIG: TERM.\n"
 //usage:       "If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send KILL.\n"
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static HANDLE child = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+static void kill_child(void)
+{
+        if (child != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                kill_SIGTERM_by_handle(child);
+        }
+}
+
+/* Return TRUE if child exits before timeout expires */
+static NOINLINE int timeout_wait(int timeout, HANDLE proc, DWORD *status)
+{
+        /* Just sleep(HUGE_NUM); kill(parent) may kill wrong process! */
+        while (1) {
+                sleep1();
+                if (--timeout <= 0)
+                        break;
+                if (WaitForSingleObject(proc, 0) == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+                        /* process is gone */
+                        GetExitCodeProcess(proc, status);
+                        return TRUE;
+                }
+        }
+        return FALSE;
+}
+#else
 static NOINLINE int timeout_wait(int timeout, pid_t pid)
 {
         /* Just sleep(HUGE_NUM); kill(parent) may kill wrong process! */
@@ -61,12 +88,18 @@ static NOINLINE int timeout_wait(int timeout, pid_t pid)
         }
         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
+#endif
 
 int timeout_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int timeout_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 {
         int signo;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         int status;
+#else
+        intptr_t ret;
+        DWORD status = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+#endif
         int parent = 0;
         int timeout;
         int kill_timeout;
@@ -77,6 +110,10 @@ int timeout_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         const char *opt_s = "TERM";
         char *opt_k = NULL;
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        xfunc_error_retval = 125;
+#endif
+
         /* -p option is not documented, it is needed to support NOMMU. */
 
         /* -t SECONDS; -p PARENT_PID */
@@ -85,7 +122,11 @@ int timeout_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         /*argv += optind; - no, wait for bb_daemonize_or_rexec! */
 
         signo = get_signum(opt_s);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (signo < 0)
+#else
+        if (signo != SIGTERM && signo != SIGKILL && signo != 0)
+#endif
                 bb_error_msg_and_die("unknown signal '%s'", opt_s);
 
         kill_timeout = 0;
@@ -98,6 +139,7 @@ int timeout_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         if (!argv[optind]) /* no PROG? */
                 bb_show_usage();
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* We want to create a grandchild which will watch
          * and kill the grandparent. Other methods:
          * making parent watch child disrupts parent<->child link
@@ -150,4 +192,31 @@ int timeout_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         argv[1] = sv2;
 #endif
         BB_EXECVP_or_die(argv);
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+        argv += optind;
+        if ((ret=mingw_spawn_proc((const char **)argv)) == -1) {
+                xfunc_error_retval = errno == EACCES ? 126 : 127;
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't execute '%s'", argv[0]);
+        }
+
+        child = (HANDLE)ret;
+        atexit(kill_child);
+        if (timeout_wait(timeout, child, &status))
+                goto finish;
+        status = signo == SIGKILL ? 137 : 124;
+
+        pid = (pid_t)GetProcessId(child);
+        kill(pid, signo);
+
+        if (kill_timeout > 0) {
+                if (timeout_wait(kill_timeout, child, &status))
+                        goto finish;
+                kill(parent, SIGKILL);
+                status = 137;
+        }
+ finish:
+        CloseHandle(child);
+        child = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        return status;
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/coreutils/yes.c b/coreutils/yes.c
index 161db82c0..64dfa500c 100644
--- a/coreutils/yes.c
+++ b/coreutils/yes.c
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ int yes_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 ++argv;
 
         do {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (ferror(stdout) != 0)
+                        break;
+#endif
                 pp = argv;
                 while (1) {
                         fputs_stdout(*pp);
diff --git a/debianutils/pipe_progress.c b/debianutils/pipe_progress.c
index ab7e2528f..28c4fd70e 100644
--- a/debianutils/pipe_progress.c
+++ b/debianutils/pipe_progress.c
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_PIPE_PROGRESS) += pipe_progress.o
 
-//usage:#define pipe_progress_trivial_usage NOUSAGE_STR
-//usage:#define pipe_progress_full_usage ""
+//usage:#define pipe_progress_trivial_usage IF_PLATFORM_POSIX(NOUSAGE_STR)
+//usage:        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32("")
+//usage:#define pipe_progress_full_usage IF_PLATFORM_POSIX("")
+//usage:        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32("\n\n")
+//usage:        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32("Display a dot to indicate pipe activity")
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 
diff --git a/debianutils/which.c b/debianutils/which.c
index 23692dc6f..815ac71da 100644
--- a/debianutils/which.c
+++ b/debianutils/which.c
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ int which_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         int status = 0;
         /* This sizeof(): bb_default_root_path is shorter than BB_PATH_ROOT_PATH */
         char buf[sizeof(BB_PATH_ROOT_PATH)];
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+        /* If we were run as 'which.exe' skip standalone shell behaviour */
+        int sh_standalone =
+                        is_suffixed_with_case(bb_busybox_exec_path, "which.exe") == NULL;
+#endif
 
         env_path = getenv("PATH");
         if (!env_path)
@@ -47,12 +52,51 @@ int which_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         do {
                 int missing = 1;
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+                if (sh_standalone) {
+                        if (strcmp(*argv, "busybox") == 0 &&
+                                        is_prefixed_with_case(bb_basename(bb_busybox_exec_path),
+                                                                "busybox")) {
+                                missing = 0;
+                                puts(bb_busybox_exec_path);
+                                if (!option_mask32) /* -a not set */
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                        else if (find_applet_by_name(*argv) >= 0) {
+                                missing = 0;
+                                puts(*argv);
+                                if (!option_mask32) /* -a not set */
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                }
+#endif
+
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 /* If file contains a slash don't use PATH */
                 if (strchr(*argv, '/')) {
                         if (file_is_executable(*argv)) {
                                 missing = 0;
                                 puts(*argv);
                         }
+#else
+                if (has_path(*argv)) {
+                        char *path = alloc_system_drive(*argv);
+
+                        if (add_win32_extension(path) || file_is_executable(path)) {
+                                missing = 0;
+                                puts(bs_to_slash(path));
+                        }
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+                        else if (sh_standalone) {
+                                const char *name = bb_basename(*argv);
+
+                                if (unix_path(*argv) && find_applet_by_name(name) >= 0) {
+                                        missing = 0;
+                                        puts(name);
+                                }
+                        }
+# endif
+#endif
                 } else {
                         char *path;
                         char *p;
@@ -61,7 +105,11 @@ int which_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                         /* NOFORK NB: xmalloc inside find_executable(), must have no allocs above! */
                         while ((p = find_executable(*argv, &path)) != NULL) {
                                 missing = 0;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                puts(bs_to_slash(p));
+#else
                                 puts(p);
+#endif
                                 free(p);
                                 if (!option_mask32) /* -a not set */
                                         break;
diff --git a/e2fsprogs/chattr.c b/e2fsprogs/chattr.c
index f436cd91e..c1e90d13f 100644
--- a/e2fsprogs/chattr.c
+++ b/e2fsprogs/chattr.c
@@ -20,14 +20,27 @@
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_CHATTR) += chattr.o e2fs_lib.o
 
 //usage:#define chattr_trivial_usage
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:       "[-R] [-v VERSION] [-p PROJID] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE..."
+//usage:     )
+//usage:     IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:       "[-R] [-+rhsatn] FILE..."
+//usage:     )
 //usage:#define chattr_full_usage "\n\n"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:       "Change ext2 file attributes\n"
+//usage:     )
+//usage:     IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:       "Change file attributes\n"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:     "\n        -R      Recurse"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        -v NUM  Set version/generation number"
 //usage:     "\n        -p NUM  Set project number"
+//usage:     )
 //-V, -f accepted but ignored
 //usage:     "\nModifiers:"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        -,+,=   Remove/add/set attributes"
 //usage:     "\nAttributes:"
 //usage:     "\n        A       No atime"
@@ -50,6 +63,17 @@
 //usage:     "\n        t       Don't tail-merge with other files"
 //usage:     "\n        u       Allow undelete"
 //usage:     "\n        V       Verity"
+//usage:     )
+//usage:     IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:     "\n        -,+     Remove/add attributes"
+//usage:     "\nAttributes:"
+//usage:     "\n        r       Read only"
+//usage:     "\n        h       Hidden"
+//usage:     "\n        s       System"
+//usage:     "\n        a       Archive"
+//usage:     "\n        t       Temporary"
+//usage:     "\n        n       Not indexed"
+//usage:     )
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "e2fs_lib.h"
@@ -61,11 +85,15 @@
 #define OPT_SET_PROJ (1 << 4)
 
 struct globals {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         unsigned version;
+#endif
         unsigned af;
         unsigned rf;
         int flags;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         uint32_t projid;
+#endif
         smallint recursive;
 };
 
@@ -89,11 +117,17 @@ static char** decode_arg(char **argv, struct globals *gp)
                 /* testcase: chattr =ae -R FILE should not complain "= is incompatible with - and +" */
                 /* (and should not read flags, with =FLAGS they can be just set directly) */
                 fl = &gp->rf;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        } else { /* if (opt == '+') */
+                gp->flags |= OPT_ADD;
+        }
+#else
         } else if (opt == '+') {
                 gp->flags |= OPT_ADD;
         } else { /* if (opt == '=') */
                 gp->flags |= OPT_SET;
         }
+#endif
 
         while (*++arg) {
                 if (opt == '-') {
@@ -106,6 +140,7 @@ static char** decode_arg(char **argv, struct globals *gp)
                                 gp->recursive = 1;
                                 continue;
                         }
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         if (*arg == 'V') {
                                 /*"verbose and print program version" (nop for now) */;
                                 continue;
@@ -128,6 +163,7 @@ static char** decode_arg(char **argv, struct globals *gp)
                                 gp->flags |= OPT_SET_PROJ;
                                 continue;
                         }
+#endif
                         /* not a known option, try as an attribute */
                         gp->flags |= OPT_REM;
                 }
@@ -155,7 +191,9 @@ static int FAST_FUNC chattr_dir_proc(const char *dir_name, struct dirent *de, vo
 static void change_attributes(const char *name, struct globals *gp)
 {
         unsigned fsflags;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         int fd;
+#endif
         struct stat st;
 
         if (lstat(name, &st) != 0) {
@@ -170,6 +208,7 @@ static void change_attributes(const char *name, struct globals *gp)
         if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                 return;
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* There is no way to run needed ioctls on a symlink.
          * open(O_PATH | O_NOFOLLOW) _can_ be used to get a fd referring to the symlink,
          * but ioctls fail on such a fd (tried on 4.12.0 kernel).
@@ -221,6 +260,24 @@ static void change_attributes(const char *name, struct globals *gp)
  skip_setflags:
                 close(fd);
         }
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+        if (gp->flags & OPT_SET) {
+                fsflags = gp->af;
+        } else {
+                if (fgetflags(name, &fsflags) != 0) {
+                        bb_perror_msg("reading flags on %s", name);
+                        goto skip_setflags;
+                }
+                /*if (gp->flags & OPT_REM) - not needed, rf is zero otherwise */
+                        fsflags &= ~gp->rf;
+                /*if (gp->flags & OPT_ADD) - not needed, af is zero otherwise */
+                        fsflags |= gp->af;
+        }
+        if (fsetflags(name, fsflags) != 0)
+                bb_perror_msg("setting flags on %s", name);
+
+ skip_setflags:
+#endif
 
         if (gp->recursive && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                 iterate_on_dir(name, chattr_dir_proc, gp);
@@ -238,7 +295,11 @@ int chattr_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 char *arg = *++argv;
                 if (!arg)
                         bb_show_usage();
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (arg[0] != '-' && arg[0] != '+')
+#else
                 if (arg[0] != '-' && arg[0] != '+' && arg[0] != '=')
+#endif
                         break;
 
                 argv = decode_arg(argv, &g);
@@ -251,7 +312,11 @@ int chattr_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         if (g.rf & g.af)
                 bb_simple_error_msg_and_die("can't set and unset a flag");
         if (!g.flags)
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                bb_simple_error_msg_and_die("must use - or +");
+#else
                 bb_simple_error_msg_and_die("must use -v, -p, =, - or +");
+#endif
 
         /* now run chattr on all the files passed to us */
         do change_attributes(*argv, &g); while (*++argv);
diff --git a/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.c b/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.c
index 9b68d8901..48c3b68b5 100644
--- a/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.c
+++ b/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.c
@@ -8,6 +8,37 @@
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "e2fs_lib.h"
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+/* Only certain attributes can be set using SetFileAttributes() */
+#define CHATTR_MASK (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN | \
+                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE | \
+                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED | \
+                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE)
+
+/* Get/set file attributes on a Windows file system */
+int fgetsetflags(const char *name, unsigned *get_flags, unsigned set_flags)
+{
+        struct stat buf;
+
+        if (stat(name, &buf) == 0 /* stat is ok */
+         && !S_ISREG(buf.st_mode) && !S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)
+        ) {
+                errno = EOPNOTSUPP;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (get_flags) {
+                *get_flags = (unsigned long)buf.st_attr;
+        }
+        else if (!SetFileAttributes(name, set_flags & CHATTR_MASK)) {
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* Print file attributes on an ext2 file system */
 const uint32_t e2attr_flags_value[] ALIGN4 = {
 #ifdef ENABLE_COMPRESSION
@@ -70,6 +101,39 @@ static const char e2attr_flags_lname[] ALIGN1 =
         "Project_Hierarchy" "\0"
         "Verity" "\0"
         /* Another trailing NUL is added by compiler */;
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+/* Print file attributes on a Windows file system */
+const uint32_t e2attr_flags_value[] = {
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED,
+};
+
+const char e2attr_flags_sname[] ALIGN1 =
+        "roecSrhsatn";
+
+static const char e2attr_flags_lname[] ALIGN1 =
+        "Reparse" "\0"
+        "Offline" "\0"
+        "Encrypted" "\0"
+        "Compressed" "\0"
+        "Sparse" "\0"
+        "Readonly" "\0"
+        "Hidden" "\0"
+        "System" "\0"
+        "Archive" "\0"
+        "Temporary" "\0"
+        "Notindexed" "\0"
+        /* Another trailing NUL is added by compiler */;
+#endif
 
 void print_e2flags_long(unsigned flags)
 {
diff --git a/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.h b/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.h
index bab447a94..aa92e63af 100644
--- a/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.h
+++ b/e2fsprogs/e2fs_lib.h
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@
 
 PUSH_AND_SET_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY_TO_HIDDEN
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+/* Get/set a file flags */
+int fgetsetflags(const char *name, unsigned *get_flags, unsigned set_flags);
+#define fgetflags(name, flags) fgetsetflags(name, flags, 0)
+#define fsetflags(name, flags) fgetsetflags(name, NULL, flags)
+#endif
+
 /* Print file attributes on an ext2 file system */
 void print_e2flags_long(unsigned flags);
 void print_e2flags(unsigned flags);
@@ -20,6 +27,7 @@ extern const char e2attr_flags_sname[];
 
 /* If you plan to ENABLE_COMPRESSION, see e2fs_lib.c and chattr.c - */
 /* make sure that chattr doesn't accept bad options! */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #ifdef ENABLE_COMPRESSION
 #define e2attr_flags_value_chattr (&e2attr_flags_value[5])
 #define e2attr_flags_sname_chattr (&e2attr_flags_sname[5])
@@ -27,5 +35,9 @@ extern const char e2attr_flags_sname[];
 #define e2attr_flags_value_chattr (&e2attr_flags_value[1])
 #define e2attr_flags_sname_chattr (&e2attr_flags_sname[1])
 #endif
+#else
+#define e2attr_flags_value_chattr (&e2attr_flags_value[5])
+#define e2attr_flags_sname_chattr (&e2attr_flags_sname[5])
+#endif
 
 POP_SAVED_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY
diff --git a/e2fsprogs/lsattr.c b/e2fsprogs/lsattr.c
index c9f353ce5..d82861e14 100644
--- a/e2fsprogs/lsattr.c
+++ b/e2fsprogs/lsattr.c
@@ -21,7 +21,12 @@
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_LSATTR) += lsattr.o e2fs_lib.o
 
 //usage:#define lsattr_trivial_usage
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:       "[-Radlpv] [FILE]..."
+//usage:     )
+//usage:     IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:       "[-Radl] [FILE]..."
+//usage:     )
 //usage:#define lsattr_full_usage "\n\n"
 //usage:       "List ext2 file attributes\n"
 //usage:     "\n        -R      Recurse"
@@ -29,8 +34,10 @@
 //usage:     "\n        -d      List directory names, not contents"
 // -a,-d text should match ls --help
 //usage:     "\n        -l      List long flag names"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        -p      List project ID"
 //usage:     "\n        -v      List version/generation number"
+//usage:     )
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "e2fs_lib.h"
@@ -47,6 +54,7 @@ enum {
 static void list_attributes(const char *name)
 {
         unsigned fsflags;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         int fd, r;
 
         /* There is no way to run needed ioctls on a symlink.
@@ -80,6 +88,10 @@ static void list_attributes(const char *name)
                 goto read_err;
 
         close(fd);
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+        if (fgetflags(name, &fsflags) != 0)
+                goto read_err;
+#endif
 
         if (option_mask32 & OPT_PF_LONG) {
                 printf("%-28s ", name);
@@ -93,7 +105,9 @@ static void list_attributes(const char *name)
         return;
  read_err:
         bb_perror_msg("reading %s", name);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         close(fd);
+#endif
 }
 
 static int FAST_FUNC lsattr_dir_proc(const char *dir_name,
@@ -142,7 +156,11 @@ static void lsattr_args(const char *name)
 int lsattr_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int lsattr_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        getopt32(argv, "Radl");
+#else
         getopt32(argv, "Radlvp");
+#endif
         argv += optind;
 
         if (!*argv)
diff --git a/editors/awk.c b/editors/awk.c
index f6314ac72..17710e57e 100644
--- a/editors/awk.c
+++ b/editors/awk.c
@@ -826,7 +826,11 @@ static char *skip_spaces(char *p)
                 if (*p == '\\' && p[1] == '\n') {
                         p++;
                         t_lineno++;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 } else if (*p != ' ' && *p != '\t') {
+#else
+                } else if (*p != ' ' && *p != '\t' && *p != '\r') {
+#endif
                         break;
                 }
                 p++;
@@ -907,7 +911,7 @@ static double my_strtod(char **pp)
 static void fmt_num(const char *format, double n)
 {
         if (n == (long long)n) {
-                snprintf(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, "%lld", (long long)n);
+                snprintf(g_buf, MAXVARFMT, "%"LL_FMT"d", (long long)n);
         } else {
                 const char *s = format;
                 char c;
@@ -2213,6 +2217,21 @@ static int ptest(node *pattern)
         return istrue(evaluate(pattern, &G.ptest__tmpvar));
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static ssize_t FAST_FUNC safe_read_strip_cr(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        do {
+                n = safe_read(fd, buf, count);
+        } while (n > 0 && (n=remove_cr((char *)buf, n)) == 0);
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+#define safe_read safe_read_strip_cr
+#endif
+
 /* read next record from stream rsm into a variable v */
 static int awk_getline(rstream *rsm, var *v)
 {
@@ -3246,6 +3265,12 @@ static var *evaluate(node *op, var *res)
                                 v &= 0x7fffffffffffffffULL;
 # endif
                                 R_d = (double)v / 0x8000000000000000ULL;
+#elif ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && RAND_MAX == 0x7fff
+                                /* 45 bits of randomness ought to be enough for anyone */
+                                uint64_t v = ((uint64_t)rand() << 48) |
+                                                                ((uint64_t)rand() << 33) |
+                                                                ((uint64_t)rand() << 18);
+                                R_d = (double)v / 0x8000000000000000ULL;
 #else
 # error Not implemented for this value of RAND_MAX
 #endif
diff --git a/editors/diff.c b/editors/diff.c
index 1adc4cbc7..17d41af8d 100644
--- a/editors/diff.c
+++ b/editors/diff.c
@@ -709,6 +709,10 @@ static int diffreg(char *file[2])
         FILE *fp[2];
         bool binary = false, differ = false;
         int status = STATUS_SAME, i;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        char *tmpfile[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+        char *tmpdir;
+#endif
 
         fp[0] = stdin;
         fp[1] = stdin;
@@ -730,10 +734,19 @@ static int diffreg(char *file[2])
                  * When we meet non-seekable file, we must make a temp copy.
                  */
                 if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         char name[] = "/tmp/difXXXXXX";
                         int fd_tmp = xmkstemp(name);
 
                         unlink(name);
+#else
+                        int fd_tmp;
+
+                        if (!(tmpdir=getenv("TMPDIR")))
+                                goto out;
+                        tmpfile[i] = xasprintf("%s/difXXXXXX", tmpdir);
+                        fd_tmp = xmkstemp(tmpfile[i]);
+#endif
                         if (bb_copyfd_eof(fd, fd_tmp) < 0)
                                 xfunc_die();
                         if (fd != STDIN_FILENO)
@@ -776,6 +789,14 @@ static int diffreg(char *file[2])
 out:
         fclose_if_not_stdin(fp[0]);
         fclose_if_not_stdin(fp[1]);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                if (tmpfile[i]) {
+                        unlink(tmpfile[i]);
+                        free(tmpfile[i]);
+                }
+        }
+#endif
 
         return status;
 }
@@ -1019,6 +1040,11 @@ int diff_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
          * 255, or if a local inode number (st_ino) exceeds 16777215.
          */
         if (ENABLE_DESKTOP
+         && (ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA)
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+         /* ignore invalid inode numbers */
+         && stb[0].st_ino != 0
+#endif
          && stb[0].st_ino == stb[1].st_ino
          && stb[0].st_dev == stb[1].st_dev
          && stb[0].st_size == stb[1].st_size
diff --git a/editors/sed.c b/editors/sed.c
index e8c82ac63..73034438a 100644
--- a/editors/sed.c
+++ b/editors/sed.c
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@
 //usage:     "\n                Optionally back files up, appending SFX"
 //usage:     "\n        -n      Suppress automatic printing of pattern space"
 //usage:     "\n        -r,-E   Use extended regex syntax"
+//usage:     IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:     "\n        -b      Keep CR/LF (Windows-only)"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:     "\n"
 //usage:     "\nIf no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string."
 //usage:     "\nRemaining arguments are input files (stdin if none)."
@@ -132,6 +135,9 @@ static const char semicolon_whitespace[] ALIGN1 = "; \n\r\t\v";
 struct globals {
         /* options */
         int be_quiet, regex_type;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        int keep_cr;
+#endif
 
         FILE *nonstdout;
         char *outname, *hold_space;
@@ -1023,6 +1029,11 @@ static char *get_next_line(char *gets_char, char *last_puts_char)
                         char c = temp[len-1];
                         if (c == '\n' || c == '\0') {
                                 temp[len-1] = '\0';
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                if (!G.keep_cr && c == '\n' && len > 1 && temp[len-2] == '\r') {
+                                        temp[len-2] = '\0';
+                                }
+#endif
                                 gc = c;
                                 if (c == '\0') {
                                         int ch = fgetc(fp);
@@ -1499,7 +1510,12 @@ int sed_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 "quiet\0"           No_argument         "n"
                 "silent\0"          No_argument         "n"
                 "expression\0"      Required_argument   "e"
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 "file\0"            Required_argument   "f";
+# else
+                "file\0"            Required_argument   "f"
+                "binary\0"          No_argument         "b";
+# endif
 #endif
 
         INIT_G();
@@ -1523,6 +1539,7 @@ int sed_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
          */
         opt = getopt32long(argv, "^"
                         "i::rEne:*f:*"
+                        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32("b")
                         "\0" "nn"/*count -n*/,
                         sed_longopts,
                         &opt_i, &opt_e, &opt_f,
@@ -1536,6 +1553,10 @@ int sed_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 G.regex_type |= REG_EXTENDED; // -r or -E
         //if (opt & 8)
         //      G.be_quiet++; // -n (implemented with a counter instead)
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (opt & 0x40)
+                G.keep_cr = 1;
+#endif
         while (opt_e) { // -e
                 add_cmd_block(llist_pop(&opt_e));
         }
diff --git a/editors/vi.c b/editors/vi.c
index 3dbe5b471..b973cc056 100644
--- a/editors/vi.c
+++ b/editors/vi.c
@@ -112,6 +112,15 @@
 //config:       help
 //config:       Enable the editor to set some (ai, ic, showmatch) options.
 //config:
+//config:config FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
+//config:       bool "Enable detection of file format"
+//config:       default y
+//config:       depends on VI && FEATURE_VI_SETOPTS && PLATFORM_MINGW32
+//config:       help
+//config:       Enable the editor to detect the format of files it reads
+//config:       so they can be written out with the appropriate line
+//config:       endings. Enable the 'fileformats' option.
+//config:
 //config:config FEATURE_VI_SET
 //config:       bool "Support :set"
 //config:       default y
@@ -297,6 +306,7 @@ struct globals {
 
         // the rest
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_SETOPTS
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
         smallint vi_setops;     // set by setops()
 #define VI_AUTOINDENT (1 << 0)
 #define VI_EXPANDTAB  (1 << 1)
@@ -304,6 +314,17 @@ struct globals {
 #define VI_IGNORECASE (1 << 3)
 #define VI_SHOWMATCH  (1 << 4)
 #define VI_TABSTOP    (1 << 5)
+#else
+        smalluint vi_setops;     // set by setops()
+#define VI_AUTOINDENT (1 << 0)
+#define VI_EXPANDTAB  (1 << 1)
+#define VI_FILEFORMAT (1 << 2)
+#define VI_FILEFORMATS (1 << 3)
+#define VI_ERR_METHOD (1 << 4)
+#define VI_IGNORECASE (1 << 5)
+#define VI_SHOWMATCH  (1 << 6)
+#define VI_TABSTOP    (1 << 7)
+#endif
 #define autoindent (vi_setops & VI_AUTOINDENT)
 #define expandtab  (vi_setops & VI_EXPANDTAB )
 #define err_method (vi_setops & VI_ERR_METHOD) // indicate error with beep or flash
@@ -313,10 +334,18 @@ struct globals {
 #define OPTS_STR \
                 "ai\0""autoindent\0" \
                 "et\0""expandtab\0" \
+                IF_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT("ff\0""fileformat\0") \
+                IF_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT("ffs\0""fileformats\0") \
                 "fl\0""flash\0" \
                 "ic\0""ignorecase\0" \
                 "sm\0""showmatch\0" \
                 "ts\0""tabstop\0"
+
+#define FF_DOS_UNIX 0
+#define FF_UNIX_DOS 1
+#define FORMATS_STR \
+                "dos,unix\0" \
+                "unix,dos\0"
 #else
 #define autoindent (0)
 #define expandtab  (0)
@@ -380,6 +409,10 @@ struct globals {
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_SETOPTS
         int indentcol;          // column of recently autoindent, 0 or -1
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
+        smallint fileformat;
+        smallint fileformats;
+#endif
         smallint cmd_error;
 
         // former statics
@@ -400,7 +433,9 @@ struct globals {
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_USE_SIGNALS
         sigjmp_buf restart;     // int_handler() jumps to location remembered here
 #endif
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         struct termios term_orig; // remember what the cooked mode was
+#endif
         int cindex;               // saved character index for up/down motion
         smallint keep_index;      // retain saved character index
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_COLON
@@ -505,6 +540,8 @@ struct globals {
 #define dotcnt                  (G.dotcnt             )
 #define last_search_pattern     (G.last_search_pattern)
 #define indentcol               (G.indentcol          )
+#define fileformat              (G.fileformat         )
+#define fileformats             (G.fileformats        )
 #define cmd_error               (G.cmd_error          )
 
 #define edit_file__cur_line     (G.edit_file__cur_line)
@@ -608,6 +645,23 @@ static ALWAYS_INLINE int query_screen_dimensions(void)
 // sleep for 'h' 1/100 seconds, return 1/0 if stdin is (ready for read)/(not ready)
 static int mysleep(int hund)
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        HANDLE h = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+        DWORD ret;
+
+        if (hund == 0) {
+                // Allow two events in the queue.  Otherwise pasted test isn't
+                // displayed because there's still a key release event waiting
+                // after the last character is processed.
+                DWORD nevent_out;
+
+                ret = GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents(h, &nevent_out);
+                return ret != 0 ? (nevent_out > 2) : 0;
+        }
+        fflush_all();
+        ret = WaitForSingleObject(h, hund*10);
+        return ret != WAIT_TIMEOUT;
+#else
         struct pollfd pfd[1];
 
         if (hund != 0)
@@ -616,9 +670,11 @@ static int mysleep(int hund)
         pfd[0].fd = STDIN_FILENO;
         pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
         return safe_poll(pfd, 1, hund*10) > 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 //----- Set terminal attributes --------------------------------
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void rawmode(void)
 {
         // no TERMIOS_CLEAR_ISIG: leave ISIG on - allow signals
@@ -630,6 +686,10 @@ static void cookmode(void)
         fflush_all();
         tcsetattr_stdin_TCSANOW(&term_orig);
 }
+#else
+#define rawmode() ((void)0)
+#define cookmode fflush_all
+#endif
 
 //----- Terminal Drawing ---------------------------------------
 // The terminal is made up of 'rows' line of 'columns' columns.
@@ -1212,7 +1272,11 @@ static char *get_input_line(const char *prompt)
                 c = get_one_char();
                 if (c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == 27)
                         break;          // this is end of input
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 if (c == term_orig.c_cc[VERASE] || c == 8 || c == 127) {
+#else
+                if (c == 8 || c == 127) {
+#endif
                         // user wants to erase prev char
                         write1("\b \b"); // erase char on screen
                         buf[--i] = '\0';
@@ -1970,6 +2034,18 @@ static char *yank_delete(char *start, char *stop, int buftype, int yf, int undo)
         return p;
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static int count_cr(char *p, int len)
+{
+        int i, cnt;
+
+        for (i = cnt = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                if (p[i] == '\n')
+                        ++cnt;
+        return cnt;
+}
+#endif
+
 // might reallocate text[]!
 static int file_insert(const char *fn, char *p, int initial)
 {
@@ -1982,7 +2058,11 @@ static int file_insert(const char *fn, char *p, int initial)
         if (p > end)
                 p = end;
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         fd = open(fn, O_RDONLY);
+#else
+        fd = open(fn, O_RDONLY | _O_TEXT);
+#endif
         if (fd < 0) {
                 if (!initial)
                         status_line_bold_errno(fn);
@@ -2005,8 +2085,15 @@ static int file_insert(const char *fn, char *p, int initial)
                 status_line_bold_errno(fn);
                 p = text_hole_delete(p, p + size - 1, NO_UNDO); // un-do buffer insert
         } else if (cnt < size) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                // On WIN32 a partial read might just mean CRs have been removed
+                int cnt_cr = cnt + count_cr(p, cnt);
+#endif
                 // There was a partial read, shrink unused space
                 p = text_hole_delete(p + cnt, p + size - 1, NO_UNDO);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (cnt_cr < size)
+#endif
                 status_line_bold("can't read '%s'", fn);
         }
 # if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_UNDO
@@ -2014,6 +2101,10 @@ static int file_insert(const char *fn, char *p, int initial)
                 undo_push_insert(p, size, ALLOW_UNDO);
         }
 # endif
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
+        if (initial && cnt > 0)
+                fileformat = cnt == size ? FF_UNIX_DOS : FF_DOS_UNIX;
+#endif
  fi:
         close(fd);
 
@@ -2174,7 +2265,11 @@ static char *char_insert(char *p, char c, int undo) // insert the char c at 'p'
                         p += 1 + stupid_insert(p, ' ');
                 }
 #endif
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         } else if (c == term_orig.c_cc[VERASE] || c == 8 || c == 127) { // Is this a BS
+#else
+        } else if (c == 8 || c == 127) { // Is this a BS
+#endif
                 if (p > text) {
                         p--;
                         p = text_hole_delete(p, p, ALLOW_UNDO_QUEUED);  // shrink buffer 1 char
@@ -2286,6 +2381,9 @@ static int init_text_buffer(char *fn)
         free(text);
         text_size = 10240;
         screenbegin = dot = end = text = xzalloc(text_size);
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
+        fileformat = fileformats;
+#endif
 
         update_filename(fn);
         rc = file_insert(fn, text, 1);
@@ -2331,6 +2429,13 @@ static uintptr_t string_insert(char *p, const char *s, int undo) // insert the s
 static int file_write(char *fn, char *first, char *last)
 {
         int fd, cnt, charcnt;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
+#  define dos (fileformat == FF_DOS_UNIX)
+# else
+#  define dos (1)
+# endif
+#endif
 
         if (fn == 0) {
                 status_line_bold("No current filename");
@@ -2339,12 +2444,22 @@ static int file_write(char *fn, char *first, char *last)
         // By popular request we do not open file with O_TRUNC,
         // but instead ftruncate() it _after_ successful write.
         // Might reduce amount of data lost on power fail etc.
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         fd = open(fn, (O_WRONLY | O_CREAT), 0666);
+#else
+        fd = open(fn, (O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | (dos ? _O_TEXT : 0)), 0666);
+#endif
         if (fd < 0)
                 return -1;
         cnt = last - first + 1;
         charcnt = full_write(fd, first, cnt);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         ftruncate(fd, charcnt);
+#else
+        // If file was written in text mode it will be bigger so adjust
+        // the truncation to match.
+        ftruncate(fd, charcnt + (dos ? count_cr(first, cnt) : 0));
+#endif
         if (charcnt == cnt) {
                 // good write
                 //modified_count = FALSE;
@@ -2633,6 +2748,7 @@ static void setops(char *args, int flg_no)
 
         index = 1 << (index >> 1); // convert to VI_bit
 
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
         if (index & VI_TABSTOP) {
                 int t;
                 if (!eq || flg_no) // no "=NNN" or it is "notabstop"?
@@ -2643,6 +2759,27 @@ static void setops(char *args, int flg_no)
                 tabstop = t;
                 return;
         }
+#else
+        if (index & VI_FILEFORMAT)
+                goto bad;
+        if (index & (VI_TABSTOP | VI_FILEFORMATS)) {
+                if (!eq || flg_no) // no "=NNN" or it is "notabstop"?
+                        goto bad;
+                if (index & VI_TABSTOP) {
+                        int t = bb_strtou(eq + 1, NULL, 10);
+                        if (t <= 0 || t > MAX_TABSTOP)
+                                goto bad;
+                        tabstop = t;
+                        return;
+                } else { // VI_FILEFORMATS
+                        int t = index_in_strings(FORMATS_STR, eq + 1);
+                        if (t < 0)
+                                goto bad;
+                        fileformats = t;
+                        return;
+                }
+        }
+#endif
         if (eq) goto bad; // boolean option has "="?
         if (flg_no) {
                 vi_setops &= ~index;
@@ -3139,6 +3276,7 @@ static void colon(char *buf)
                 if (!args[0] || strcmp(args, "all") == 0) {
                         // print out values of all options
 #  if ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_SETOPTS
+#   if !ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
                         status_line_bold(
                                 "%sautoindent "
                                 "%sexpandtab "
@@ -3153,6 +3291,28 @@ static void colon(char *buf)
                                 showmatch ? "" : "no",
                                 tabstop
                         );
+#   else // ENABLE_FEATURE_VI_FILE_FORMAT
+                        unsigned int mask = 1, j = 0;
+                        go_bottom_and_clear_to_eol();
+                        for (;;) {
+                                const char *name = nth_string(OPTS_STR, 2 * j + 1);
+                                if (!name[0])
+                                        break;
+                                if (mask == VI_FILEFORMAT)
+                                        printf("%s=%s ", name, nth_string("dos\0unix\0", fileformat));
+                                else if (mask == VI_FILEFORMATS)
+                                        printf("%s=%s ", name, nth_string(FORMATS_STR, fileformats));
+                                else if (mask == VI_TABSTOP)
+                                        printf("%s=%u ", name, tabstop);
+                                else
+                                        printf("%s%s ", vi_setops & mask ? "" : "no", name);
+                                if (j++ == 4)
+                                        bb_putchar('\n');
+                                mask <<= 1;
+                        }
+                        bb_putchar('\n');
+                        Hit_Return();
+#   endif
 #  endif
                         goto ret;
                 }
@@ -4967,7 +5127,11 @@ int vi_main(int argc, char **argv)
 
                                 // .exrc must belong to and only be writable by user
                                 if (stat(exrc, &st) == 0) {
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                         if ((st.st_mode & (S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH)) == 0
+# else
+                                        if (1
+# endif
                                          && st.st_uid == getuid()
                                         ) {
                                                 cmds = xmalloc_open_read_close(exrc, NULL);
diff --git a/findutils/find.c b/findutils/find.c
index bb6ad31e5..7dbd32dac 100644
--- a/findutils/find.c
+++ b/findutils/find.c
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
 //config:config FEATURE_FIND_XDEV
 //config:       bool "Enable -xdev: 'stay in filesystem'"
 //config:       default y
-//config:       depends on FIND
+//config:       depends on FIND && (PLATFORM_POSIX || FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA)
 //config:
 //config:config FEATURE_FIND_MAXDEPTH
 //config:       bool "Enable -mindepth N and -maxdepth N"
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 //config:config FEATURE_FIND_INUM
 //config:       bool "Enable -inum: inode number matching"
 //config:       default y
-//config:       depends on FIND
+//config:       depends on FIND && (PLATFORM_POSIX || FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA)
 //config:
 //config:config FEATURE_FIND_SAMEFILE
 //config:       bool "Enable -samefile: reference file matching"
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
 //config:config FEATURE_FIND_LINKS
 //config:       bool "Enable -links: link count matching"
 //config:       default y
-//config:       depends on FIND
+//config:       depends on FIND && (PLATFORM_POSIX || FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA)
 //config:       help
 //config:       Support the 'find -links' option for matching number of links.
 
@@ -1528,7 +1528,11 @@ static action*** parse_params(char **argv)
                         action_inum *ap;
                         dbg("%d", __LINE__);
                         ap = ALLOC_ACTION(inum);
+# if !ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
                         ap->inode_num = xatoul(arg1);
+# else
+                        ap->inode_num = xatoull(arg1);
+# endif
                 }
 #endif
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_FIND_SAMEFILE
diff --git a/findutils/xargs.c b/findutils/xargs.c
index 90ff05986..a0ba89c1e 100644
--- a/findutils/xargs.c
+++ b/findutils/xargs.c
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@
 
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_XARGS) += xargs.o
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#include <conio.h>
+#endif
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "common_bufsiz.h"
 
@@ -114,6 +117,9 @@ struct globals {
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL
         int running_procs;
         int max_procs;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        HANDLE *procs;
+#endif
 #endif
         smalluint xargs_exitcode;
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_QUOTES
@@ -135,12 +141,61 @@ struct globals {
         G.idx = 0; \
         IF_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL(G.running_procs = 0;) \
         IF_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL(G.max_procs = 1;) \
+        IF_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL(IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(G.procs = NULL;)) \
         G.xargs_exitcode = 0; \
         IF_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_QUOTES(G.process_stdin__state = NORM;) \
         IF_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_QUOTES(G.process_stdin__q = '\0';) \
 } while (0)
 
 
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL && ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static int wait_for_slot(int *idx)
+{
+        int i;
+
+        /* if less than max_procs running, set status to 0, return next free slot */
+        if (G.running_procs < G.max_procs) {
+                *idx = G.running_procs++;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+check_exit_codes:
+        for (i = G.running_procs - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                DWORD status = 0;
+                if (!GetExitCodeProcess(G.procs[i], &status) ||
+                                status != STILL_ACTIVE) {
+                        CloseHandle(G.procs[i]);
+                        if (i + 1 < G.running_procs)
+                                G.procs[i] = G.procs[G.running_procs - 1];
+                        *idx = G.running_procs - 1;
+                        if (!G.max_procs)
+                                G.running_procs--;
+                        return status;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (G.running_procs < MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS)
+                WaitForMultipleObjects((DWORD)G.running_procs, G.procs, FALSE,
+                                INFINITE);
+        else {
+                /* Fall back to polling */
+                for (;;) {
+                        DWORD nr = i + MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS > G.running_procs ?
+                                MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS : (DWORD)(G.running_procs - i);
+                        DWORD ret = WaitForMultipleObjects(nr, G.procs + i, FALSE, 100);
+
+                        if (ret != WAIT_TIMEOUT)
+                                break;
+                        i += MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS;
+                        if (i > G.running_procs)
+                                i = 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        goto check_exit_codes;
+}
+#endif /* SUPPORT_PARALLEL && PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+
 /*
  * Returns 0 if xargs should continue (but may set G.xargs_exitcode to 123).
  * Else sets G.xargs_exitcode to error code and returns nonzero.
@@ -157,6 +212,23 @@ static int xargs_exec(void)
         if (G.max_procs == 1) {
                 status = spawn_and_wait(G.args);
         } else {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                int idx;
+                status = !G.running_procs && !G.max_procs ? 0 : wait_for_slot(&idx);
+                if (G.max_procs) {
+                        HANDLE p = (HANDLE)mingw_spawn_proc((const char **)G.args);
+                        if (p < 0)
+                                status = -1;
+                        else
+                                G.procs[idx] = p;
+                } else {
+                        while (G.running_procs) {
+                                int status2 = wait_for_slot(&idx);
+                                if (status2 && !status)
+                                        status = status2;
+                        }
+                }
+#else
                 pid_t pid;
                 int wstat;
  again:
@@ -197,6 +269,7 @@ static int xargs_exec(void)
                         /* final waitpid() loop: must be ECHILD "no more children" */
                         status = 0;
                 }
+#endif
         }
 #endif
         /* Manpage:
@@ -516,6 +589,7 @@ static char* FAST_FUNC process_stdin_with_replace(int n_max_chars, int n_max_arg
  */
 static int xargs_ask_confirmation(void)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         FILE *tty_stream;
         int r;
 
@@ -525,6 +599,18 @@ static int xargs_ask_confirmation(void)
         r = bb_ask_y_confirmation_FILE(tty_stream);
 
         fclose(tty_stream);
+#else
+        int r, c, savec;
+
+        fputs(" ?...", stderr);
+        fflush_all();
+        c = savec = getche();
+        while (c != EOF && c != '\r')
+                c = getche();
+        fputs("\n", stderr);
+        fflush_all();
+        r = (savec == 'y' || savec == 'Y');
+#endif
 
         return r;
 }
@@ -628,7 +714,12 @@ int xargs_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_PARALLEL
         if (G.max_procs <= 0) /* -P0 means "run lots of them" */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 G.max_procs = 100; /* let's not go crazy high */
+#else
+                G.max_procs = MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS;
+        G.procs = xmalloc(sizeof(G.procs[0]) * G.max_procs);
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_XARGS_SUPPORT_ARGS_FILE
@@ -750,7 +841,11 @@ int xargs_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                                 fmt = " %s";
                         }
                         if (!(opt & OPT_INTERACTIVE))
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                 bb_putchar_stderr('\n');
+#else
+                                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+#endif
                 }
 
                 if (!(opt & OPT_INTERACTIVE) || xargs_ask_confirmation()) {
diff --git a/include/bb_archive.h b/include/bb_archive.h
index e0ef8fc4e..3422c9656 100644
--- a/include/bb_archive.h
+++ b/include/bb_archive.h
@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@
 #ifndef UNARCHIVE_H
 #define UNARCHIVE_H 1
 
+#if !defined(BB_ARCHIVE_PUBLIC) && ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+/* treat mingw as a non-MMU platform */
+#undef BB_MMU
+#undef USE_FOR_NOMMU
+#undef USE_FOR_MMU
+#define BB_MMU 0
+#define USE_FOR_NOMMU(...) __VA_ARGS__
+#define USE_FOR_MMU(...)
+#endif
+
 PUSH_AND_SET_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY_TO_HIDDEN
 
 enum {
@@ -277,7 +287,11 @@ enum {
         BBUNPK_SEAMLESS_MAGIC = (1 << 31) * ENABLE_ZCAT * SEAMLESS_COMPRESSION,
 };
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 void check_errors_in_children(int signo);
+#else
+#define check_errors_in_children(s) ((void)0)
+#endif
 #if BB_MMU
 void fork_transformer(int fd,
         int signature_skipped,
diff --git a/include/libbb.h b/include/libbb.h
index a48782832..9aff42e67 100644
--- a/include/libbb.h
+++ b/include/libbb.h
@@ -143,6 +143,9 @@
 # include <arpa/inet.h>
 #elif defined __APPLE__
 # include <netinet/in.h>
+#elif ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# include <winsock2.h>
+# include <ws2tcpip.h>
 #else
 # include <arpa/inet.h>
 //This breaks on bionic:
@@ -182,7 +185,9 @@
 
 /* Some libc's forget to declare these, do it ourself */
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 extern char **environ;
+#endif
 /* klogctl is in libc's klog.h, but we cheat and not #include that */
 int klogctl(int type, char *b, int len);
 #ifndef PATH_MAX
@@ -192,6 +197,13 @@ int klogctl(int type, char *b, int len);
 # define BUFSIZ 4096
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# include "mingw.h"
+# define MINGW_SPECIAL(a) mingw_ ## a
+#else
+# define MINGW_SPECIAL(a) a
+#endif
+
 #if __GNUC_PREREQ(5,0)
 /* Since musl is apparently unable to get it right and would use
  * a function call to a single-instruction function of "bswap %eax",
@@ -276,6 +288,19 @@ PUSH_AND_SET_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY_TO_HIDDEN
         : ((T)1 << (sizeof(T)*8-1)) \
         )
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && \
+        (!defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO) || !__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO)
+#define LL_FMT "I64"
+#else
+#define LL_FMT "ll"
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && defined(_WIN64)
+#define PID_FMT "I64"
+#else
+#define PID_FMT
+#endif
+
 /* Large file support */
 /* Note that CONFIG_LFS=y forces bbox to be built with all common ops
  * (stat, lseek etc) mapped to "largefile" variants by libc.
@@ -301,7 +326,7 @@ typedef unsigned long long uoff_t;
 #  define XATOOFF(a) xatoull_range((a), 0, LLONG_MAX)
 #  define BB_STRTOOFF bb_strtoull
 #  define STRTOOFF strtoull
-#  define OFF_FMT "ll"
+#  define OFF_FMT LL_FMT
 # endif
 #else
 /* CONFIG_LFS is off */
@@ -603,20 +628,37 @@ enum {
          * Dance around with long long to guard against that...
          */
         BB_FATAL_SIGS = (int)(0
+#ifdef SIGHUP
                 + (1LL << SIGHUP)
+#endif
                 + (1LL << SIGINT)
                 + (1LL << SIGTERM)
                 + (1LL << SIGPIPE)   // Write to pipe with no readers
+#ifdef SIGQUIT
                 + (1LL << SIGQUIT)   // Quit from keyboard
+#endif
                 + (1LL << SIGABRT)   // Abort signal from abort(3)
+#ifdef SIGALRM
                 + (1LL << SIGALRM)   // Timer signal from alarm(2)
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGVTALRM
                 + (1LL << SIGVTALRM) // Virtual alarm clock
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGXCPU
                 + (1LL << SIGXCPU)   // CPU time limit exceeded
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGXFSZ
                 + (1LL << SIGXFSZ)   // File size limit exceeded
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGUSR1
                 + (1LL << SIGUSR1)   // Yes kids, these are also fatal!
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGUSR1
                 + (1LL << SIGUSR2)
+#endif
                 + 0),
 };
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 void bb_signals(int sigs, void (*f)(int)) FAST_FUNC;
 /* Unlike signal() and bb_signals, sets handler with sigaction()
  * and in a way that while signal handler is run, no other signals
@@ -636,6 +678,10 @@ int sigaction_set(int sig, const struct sigaction *act) FAST_FUNC;
 int sigprocmask_allsigs(int how) FAST_FUNC;
 /* Return old set in the same set: */
 int sigprocmask2(int how, sigset_t *set) FAST_FUNC;
+#else
+#define bb_signals(s, f)
+#define kill_myself_with_sig(s)
+#endif
 /* Standard handler which just records signo */
 extern smallint bb_got_signal;
 void record_signo(int signo); /* not FAST_FUNC! */
@@ -718,7 +764,7 @@ void xsettimeofday(const struct timeval *tv) FAST_FUNC;
 int xsocket(int domain, int type, int protocol) FAST_FUNC;
 void xbind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *my_addr, socklen_t addrlen) FAST_FUNC;
 void xlisten(int s, int backlog) FAST_FUNC;
-void xconnect(int s, const struct sockaddr *s_addr, socklen_t addrlen) FAST_FUNC;
+void xconnect(int s, const struct sockaddr *saddr, socklen_t addrlen) FAST_FUNC;
 ssize_t xsendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, const struct sockaddr *to,
                                 socklen_t tolen) FAST_FUNC;
 
@@ -1227,6 +1273,7 @@ void BB_EXECVP_or_die(char **argv) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
 
 /* xvfork() can't be a _function_, return after vfork in child mangles stack
  * in the parent. It must be a macro. */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #define xvfork() \
 ({ \
         pid_t bb__xvfork_pid = vfork(); \
@@ -1234,6 +1281,9 @@ void BB_EXECVP_or_die(char **argv) NORETURN FAST_FUNC;
                 bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("vfork"); \
         bb__xvfork_pid; \
 })
+#else
+#define xvfork() vfork()
+#endif
 #if BB_MMU
 pid_t xfork(void) FAST_FUNC;
 #endif
@@ -1824,9 +1874,15 @@ int bb_xioctl(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp) FAST_FUNC;
 #define xioctl(fd,request,argp)        bb_xioctl(fd,request,argp)
 #endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 || ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
 char *is_in_ino_dev_hashtable(const struct stat *statbuf) FAST_FUNC;
 void add_to_ino_dev_hashtable(const struct stat *statbuf, const char *name) FAST_FUNC;
 void reset_ino_dev_hashtable(void) FAST_FUNC;
+#else
+#define add_to_ino_dev_hashtable(s, n) (void)0
+#define is_in_ino_dev_hashtable(s) NULL
+#define reset_ino_dev_hashtable()
+#endif
 #ifdef __GLIBC__
 /* At least glibc has horrendously large inline for this, so wrap it */
 unsigned long long bb_makedev(unsigned major, unsigned minor) FAST_FUNC;
@@ -2024,7 +2080,11 @@ int FAST_FUNC procps_read_smaps(pid_t pid, struct smaprec *total,
                 void (*cb)(struct smaprec *, void *), void *data);
 
 typedef struct procps_status_t {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         DIR *dir;
+#else
+        HANDLE snapshot;
+#endif
         IF_FEATURE_SHOW_THREADS(DIR *task_dir;)
         uint8_t shift_pages_to_bytes;
         uint8_t shift_pages_to_kb;
@@ -2258,12 +2318,27 @@ extern const char bb_path_wtmp_file[] ALIGN1;
 #define bb_path_motd_file "/etc/motd"
 
 #define bb_dev_null "/dev/null"
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#define bb_busybox_exec_path get_busybox_exec_path()
+extern char bb_comm[];
+extern char bb_command_line[];
+#else
 extern const char bb_busybox_exec_path[] ALIGN1;
+#endif
 /* allow default system PATH to be extended via CFLAGS */
 #ifndef BB_ADDITIONAL_PATH
 #define BB_ADDITIONAL_PATH ""
 #endif
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #define BB_PATH_ROOT_PATH "PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin" BB_ADDITIONAL_PATH
+#define PATH_SEP ':'
+#define PATH_SEP_STR ":"
+#else
+#define BB_PATH_ROOT_PATH "PATH=/sbin;/usr/sbin;/bin;/usr/bin" BB_ADDITIONAL_PATH
+#define PATH_SEP ';'
+#define PATH_SEP_STR ";"
+extern const char bb_skip_ansi_emulation[] ALIGN1;
+#endif
 extern const char bb_PATH_root_path[] ALIGN1; /* BB_PATH_ROOT_PATH */
 #define bb_default_root_path (bb_PATH_root_path + sizeof("PATH"))
 /* util-linux manpage says /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin,
diff --git a/include/mingw.h b/include/mingw.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06fb3b289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/mingw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+
+#define NOIMPL(name,...) static inline int name(__VA_ARGS__) { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
+#define IMPL(name,ret,retval,...) static inline ret name(__VA_ARGS__) { return retval; }
+
+/*
+ * sys/types.h
+ */
+typedef int gid_t;
+typedef int uid_t;
+
+#define DEFAULT_UID 4095
+#define DEFAULT_GID DEFAULT_UID
+
+/*
+ * arpa/inet.h
+ */
+static inline unsigned int git_ntohl(unsigned int x) { return (unsigned int)ntohl(x); }
+#define ntohl git_ntohl
+int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp);
+int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
+
+/*
+ * fcntl.h
+ */
+#define F_DUPFD 0
+#define F_GETFD 1
+#define F_SETFD 2
+#define F_GETFL 3
+#define F_SETFL 3
+#define FD_CLOEXEC 0x1
+#define O_NONBLOCK 0
+#define O_NOFOLLOW 0
+#define O_NOCTTY 0
+#define O_DIRECT 0
+#define O_SPECIAL 0x800000
+
+#define AT_FDCWD -100
+#define AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW 0x100
+
+/*
+ * grp.h
+ */
+
+struct group {
+        char *gr_name;
+        char *gr_passwd;
+        gid_t gr_gid;
+        char **gr_mem;
+};
+IMPL(getgrnam,struct group *,NULL,const char *name UNUSED_PARAM);
+struct group *getgrgid(gid_t gid);
+NOIMPL(initgroups,const char *group UNUSED_PARAM,gid_t gid UNUSED_PARAM);
+static inline void endgrent(void) {}
+int getgrouplist(const char *user, gid_t group, gid_t *groups, int *ngroups);
+
+/*
+ * limits.h
+ */
+#define NAME_MAX 255
+#define MAXSYMLINKS 20
+
+#ifdef LONG_MAX
+# if LONG_MAX == 2147483647
+#  define LONG_BIT  32
+# else
+/* Safe assumption.  */
+#  define LONG_BIT  64
+# endif
+#elif defined __LONG_MAX__
+# if __LONG_MAX__ == 2147483647
+#  define LONG_BIT  32
+# else
+/* Safe assumption.  */
+#  define LONG_BIT  64
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * netdb.h
+ */
+
+typedef int sa_family_t;
+
+/*
+ * linux/un.h
+ */
+struct sockaddr_un {
+        sa_family_t sun_family;
+        char sun_path[1]; /* to make compiler happy, don't bother */
+};
+
+/*
+ * pwd.h
+ */
+struct passwd {
+        char *pw_name;
+        char *pw_passwd;
+        char *pw_gecos;
+        char *pw_dir;
+        char *pw_shell;
+        uid_t pw_uid;
+        gid_t pw_gid;
+};
+
+struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name);
+struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);
+static inline void setpwent(void) {}
+static inline void endpwent(void) {}
+IMPL(getpwent_r,int,ENOENT,struct passwd *pwbuf UNUSED_PARAM,char *buf UNUSED_PARAM,size_t buflen UNUSED_PARAM,struct passwd **pwbufp UNUSED_PARAM);
+IMPL(getpwent,struct passwd *,NULL,void)
+
+/*
+ * signal.h
+ */
+#define SIGKILL 9
+#define SIGPIPE 13
+
+#define SIG_UNBLOCK 1
+
+typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int);
+sighandler_t winansi_signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler);
+#define signal(s, h) winansi_signal(s, h)
+
+/*
+ * stdio.h
+ */
+#undef fseeko
+#define fseeko(f,o,w) fseek(f,o,w)
+
+int fdprintf(int fd, const char *format, ...);
+FILE* mingw_fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode);
+int mingw_rename(const char*, const char*);
+#define fopen mingw_fopen
+#define rename mingw_rename
+
+FILE *mingw_popen(const char *cmd, const char *mode);
+int mingw_popen_fd(const char *cmd, const char *mode, int fd0, pid_t *pid);
+int mingw_pclose(FILE *fd);
+pid_t mingw_fork_compressor(int fd, const char *compressor, const char *mode);
+#undef popen
+#undef pclose
+#define popen mingw_popen
+#define pclose mingw_pclose
+
+#define setlinebuf(fd) setvbuf(fd, (char *) NULL, _IOLBF, 0)
+
+/*
+ * ANSI emulation wrappers
+ */
+
+void set_title(const char *str);
+void move_cursor_row(int n);
+void reset_screen(void);
+int winansi_putchar(int c);
+int winansi_puts(const char *s);
+size_t winansi_fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream);
+int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream);
+int winansi_fputc(int c, FILE *stream);
+int winansi_vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *format, va_list list);
+int winansi_vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list list);
+int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
+int winansi_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
+int winansi_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
+int winansi_getc(FILE *stream);
+#define putchar winansi_putchar
+#define puts winansi_puts
+#define fwrite winansi_fwrite
+#define fputs winansi_fputs
+#define fputc winansi_fputc
+#if !defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO) || !__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
+#define vsnprintf(buf, size, ...) winansi_vsnprintf(buf, size,  __VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+#define vfprintf(stream, ...) winansi_vfprintf(stream, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define vprintf(...) winansi_vfprintf(stdout, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define printf(...) winansi_printf(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define fprintf(...) winansi_fprintf(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define write winansi_write
+#define read winansi_read
+#define getc winansi_getc
+
+/*
+ * stdlib.h
+ */
+#define WTERMSIG(x) ((x) & 0x7f)
+#define WIFEXITED(x) (WTERMSIG(x) == 0)
+#define WEXITSTATUS(x) (((x) & 0xff00) >> 8)
+#define WIFSIGNALED(x) (((signed char) (((x) & 0x7f) + 1) >> 1) > 0)
+#define WCOREDUMP(x) 0
+#define WIFSTOPPED(x) 0
+
+int mingw_system(const char *cmd);
+#define system mingw_system
+
+int clearenv(void);
+char *mingw_getenv(const char *name);
+int mingw_putenv(const char *env);
+char *mingw_mktemp(char *template);
+int mkstemp(char *template);
+char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved_path);
+int setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int replace);
+int unsetenv(const char *env);
+
+#define getenv mingw_getenv
+#define putenv mingw_putenv
+#define mktemp mingw_mktemp
+
+/*
+ * string.h
+ */
+char *strndup(char const *s, size_t n);
+char *mingw_strerror(int errnum);
+char *strsignal(int sig);
+
+#define strerror mingw_strerror
+
+/*
+ * strings.h
+ */
+int ffs(int i);
+
+/*
+ * sys/ioctl.h
+ */
+
+#define TIOCGWINSZ 0x5413
+
+int ioctl(int fd, int code, ...);
+
+/*
+ * sys/socket.h
+ */
+#define hstrerror strerror
+
+#define SHUT_WR SD_SEND
+
+int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
+int mingw_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz);
+int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz);
+int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen);
+int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how);
+int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog);
+int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz);
+int mingw_select (int nfds, fd_set *rfds, fd_set *wfds, fd_set *xfds,
+            struct timeval *timeout);
+int mingw_getpeername(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz);
+int mingw_gethostname(char *host, int namelen);
+int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
+                        const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
+struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyaddr(const void *addr, socklen_t len, int type);
+
+#define socket mingw_socket
+#define connect mingw_connect
+#define listen mingw_listen
+#define bind mingw_bind
+#define setsockopt mingw_setsockopt
+#define shutdown mingw_shutdown
+#define accept mingw_accept
+#define select mingw_select
+#define getpeername mingw_getpeername
+#define gethostname mingw_gethostname
+#define getaddrinfo mingw_getaddrinfo
+#define gethostbyaddr mingw_gethostbyaddr
+
+/*
+ * sys/time.h
+ */
+#ifndef _TIMESPEC_DEFINED
+#define _TIMESPEC_DEFINED
+struct timespec {
+        time_t tv_sec;
+        long int tv_nsec;
+};
+#endif
+
+time_t timegm(struct tm *tm);
+
+int nanosleep(const struct timespec *req, struct timespec *rem);
+
+/*
+ * sys/stat.h
+ */
+#define S_ISUID 04000
+#define S_ISGID 02000
+#define S_ISVTX 01000
+#ifndef S_IRWXU
+#define S_IRWXU (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR)
+#endif
+#define S_IRWXG (S_IRWXU >> 3)
+#define S_IRWXO (S_IRWXG >> 3)
+
+#define S_IFSOCK 0140000
+#define S_IFLNK    0120000 /* Symbolic link */
+#define S_ISLNK(x) (((x) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
+#define S_ISSOCK(x) 0
+
+#define S_IRGRP (S_IRUSR >> 3)
+#define S_IWGRP (S_IWUSR >> 3)
+#define S_IXGRP (S_IXUSR >> 3)
+#define S_IROTH (S_IRGRP >> 3)
+#define S_IWOTH (S_IWGRP >> 3)
+#define S_IXOTH (S_IXGRP >> 3)
+
+mode_t mingw_umask(mode_t mode);
+#define umask mingw_umask
+
+#define DEFAULT_UMASK 0002
+
+IMPL(fchmod,int,0,int fildes UNUSED_PARAM, mode_t mode UNUSED_PARAM);
+NOIMPL(fchown,int fd UNUSED_PARAM, uid_t uid UNUSED_PARAM, gid_t gid UNUSED_PARAM);
+int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode);
+int mingw_chdir(const char *path);
+int mingw_chmod(const char *path, int mode);
+
+#define mkdir mingw_mkdir
+#define chdir mingw_chdir
+#define chmod mingw_chmod
+
+#if ENABLE_LFS && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+# define off_t off64_t
+#endif
+
+typedef int nlink_t;
+typedef int blksize_t;
+typedef off_t blkcnt_t;
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+#define ino_t uint64_t
+#endif
+
+struct mingw_stat {
+        dev_t     st_dev;
+        ino_t     st_ino;
+        mode_t    st_mode;
+        nlink_t   st_nlink;
+        uid_t     st_uid;
+        gid_t     st_gid;
+        dev_t     st_rdev;
+        off_t     st_size;
+        struct timespec st_atim;
+        struct timespec st_mtim;
+        struct timespec st_ctim;
+        blksize_t st_blksize;
+        blkcnt_t  st_blocks;
+        DWORD     st_attr;
+};
+#define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec
+#define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
+#define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
+
+int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct mingw_stat *buf);
+int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct mingw_stat *buf);
+int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct mingw_stat *buf);
+#undef lstat
+#undef stat
+#undef fstat
+#define lstat mingw_lstat
+#define stat mingw_stat
+#define fstat mingw_fstat
+
+#define UTIME_NOW  ((1l << 30) - 1l)
+#define UTIME_OMIT ((1l << 30) - 2l)
+
+int utimensat(int fd, const char *path, const struct timespec times[2],
+                                int flags);
+int futimens(int fd, const struct timespec times[2]);
+
+/*
+ * sys/sysinfo.h
+ */
+struct sysinfo {
+        long uptime;             /* Seconds since boot */
+        unsigned long loads[3];  /* 1, 5, and 15 minute load averages */
+        unsigned long totalram;  /* Total usable main memory size */
+        unsigned long freeram;   /* Available memory size */
+        unsigned long sharedram; /* Amount of shared memory */
+        unsigned long bufferram; /* Memory used by buffers */
+        unsigned long totalswap; /* Total swap space size */
+        unsigned long freeswap;  /* Swap space still available */
+        unsigned short procs;    /* Number of current processes */
+        unsigned long totalhigh; /* Total high memory size */
+        unsigned long freehigh;  /* Available high memory size */
+        unsigned int mem_unit;   /* Memory unit size in bytes */
+};
+
+int sysinfo(struct sysinfo *info);
+
+/*
+ * sys/sysmacros.h
+ */
+#define makedev(a,b) 0*(a)*(b) /* avoid unused warning */
+#define minor(x) 0
+#define major(x) 0
+
+/*
+ * sys/wait.h
+ */
+#define WNOHANG 1
+#define WUNTRACED 2
+pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options);
+pid_t mingw_wait3(pid_t pid, int *status, int options, struct rusage *rusage);
+
+/*
+ * time.h
+ */
+struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
+struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
+char *strptime(const char *s, const char *format, struct tm *tm);
+char *mingw_strptime(const char *s, const char *format, struct tm *tm, long *gmt);
+size_t mingw_strftime(char *buf, size_t max, const char *format, const struct tm *tm);
+
+#define strftime mingw_strftime
+
+/*
+ * times.h
+ */
+#define clock_t long
+
+struct tms {
+        clock_t tms_utime;              /* user CPU time */
+        clock_t tms_stime;              /* system CPU time */
+        clock_t tms_cutime;             /* user CPU time of children */
+        clock_t tms_cstime;             /* system CPU time of children */
+};
+
+clock_t times(struct tms *buf);
+
+/*
+ * unistd.h
+ */
+#define PIPE_BUF 8192
+
+#define _SC_CLK_TCK 2
+
+#define TICKS_PER_SECOND 100
+#define MS_PER_TICK 10
+#define HNSEC_PER_TICK 100000
+
+IMPL(alarm,unsigned int,0,unsigned int seconds UNUSED_PARAM);
+IMPL(chown,int,0,const char *path UNUSED_PARAM, uid_t uid UNUSED_PARAM, gid_t gid UNUSED_PARAM);
+NOIMPL(chroot,const char *root UNUSED_PARAM);
+NOIMPL(fchdir,int fd UNUSED_PARAM);
+int mingw_dup2 (int fd, int fdto);
+char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len);
+off_t mingw_lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence);
+
+
+int getuid(void);
+#define getgid getuid
+#define geteuid getuid
+#define getegid getuid
+int getgroups(int n, gid_t *groups);
+IMPL(getppid,int,1,void);
+NOIMPL(getsid,pid_t pid UNUSED_PARAM);
+int getlogin_r(char *buf, size_t len);
+int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ...);
+int fsync(int fd);
+int kill(pid_t pid, int sig);
+int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+NOIMPL(mknod,const char *name UNUSED_PARAM, mode_t mode UNUSED_PARAM, dev_t device UNUSED_PARAM);
+/* order of devices must match that in get_dev_type */
+enum {DEV_NULL, DEV_ZERO, DEV_URANDOM, NOT_DEVICE = -1};
+int get_dev_type(const char *filename);
+void update_special_fd(int dev, int fd);
+int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...);
+
+/* functions which add O_SPECIAL to open(2) to allow access to devices */
+int mingw_xopen(const char *filename, int oflags);
+ssize_t mingw_open_read_close(const char *fn, void *buf, size_t size) FAST_FUNC;
+
+ssize_t mingw_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
+int mingw_close(int fd);
+int pipe(int filedes[2]);
+ssize_t readlink(const char *pathname, char *buf, size_t bufsiz);
+NOIMPL(setgid,gid_t gid UNUSED_PARAM);
+NOIMPL(setegid,gid_t gid UNUSED_PARAM);
+NOIMPL(setsid,void);
+NOIMPL(setuid,uid_t gid UNUSED_PARAM);
+NOIMPL(seteuid,uid_t gid UNUSED_PARAM);
+unsigned int sleep(unsigned int seconds);
+int symlink(const char *target, const char *linkpath);
+long sysconf(int name);
+IMPL(getpagesize,int,4096,void);
+NOIMPL(ttyname_r,int fd UNUSED_PARAM, char *buf UNUSED_PARAM, int sz UNUSED_PARAM);
+int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname);
+pid_t vfork(void);
+int mingw_access(const char *name, int mode);
+int mingw_rmdir(const char *name);
+void mingw_sync(void);
+int mingw_isatty(int fd);
+
+#define dup2 mingw_dup2
+#define getcwd mingw_getcwd
+#define lchown chown
+#define open mingw_open
+#define close mingw_close
+#define unlink mingw_unlink
+#define rmdir mingw_rmdir
+#define sync mingw_sync
+#undef lseek
+#define lseek mingw_lseek
+
+#undef access
+#define access mingw_access
+#define isatty mingw_isatty
+
+/*
+ * utime.h
+ */
+int utimes(const char *file_name, const struct timeval times[2]);
+
+/*
+ * Functions with different prototypes in BusyBox and WIN32
+ */
+#define itoa bb_itoa
+#define strrev bb_strrev
+
+/*
+ * MinGW specific
+ */
+#define is_dir_sep(c) ((c) == '/' || (c) == '\\')
+#define is_unc_path(x) (strlen(x) > 4 && is_dir_sep(x[0]) && \
+                                                        is_dir_sep(x[1]) && !is_dir_sep(x[2]))
+
+pid_t FAST_FUNC mingw_spawn(char **argv);
+pid_t FAST_FUNC mingw_spawn_detach(char **argv);
+intptr_t FAST_FUNC mingw_spawn_proc(const char **argv);
+int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+int mingw_execve(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char *const *envp);
+#define spawn mingw_spawn
+#define execvp mingw_execvp
+#define execve mingw_execve
+#define execv mingw_execv
+
+#define has_dos_drive_prefix(path) (isalpha(*(path)) && (path)[1] == ':')
+
+int kill_SIGTERM_by_handle(HANDLE process);
+
+#define find_mount_point(n, s) find_mount_point(n)
+
+char *is_prefixed_with_case(const char *string, const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
+char *is_suffixed_with_case(const char *string, const char *key) FAST_FUNC;
+void qsort_string_vector_case(char **sv, unsigned count) FAST_FUNC;
+
+/*
+ * helpers
+ */
+
+const char *get_busybox_exec_path(void);
+void init_winsock(void);
+void init_codepage(void);
+
+int has_bat_suffix(const char *p);
+int has_exe_suffix(const char *p);
+int has_exe_suffix_or_dot(const char *name);
+int add_win32_extension(char *p);
+
+char *bs_to_slash(char *p) FAST_FUNC;
+void slash_to_bs(char *p) FAST_FUNC;
+size_t remove_cr(char *p, size_t len) FAST_FUNC;
+
+int err_win_to_posix(void);
+
+ULONGLONG CompatGetTickCount64(void);
+#define GetTickCount64 CompatGetTickCount64
+
+ssize_t get_random_bytes(void *buf, ssize_t count);
+int enumerate_links(const char *file, char *name);
+void hide_console(void);
+
+int unc_root_len(const char *dir);
+int root_len(const char *path);
+const char *get_system_drive(void);
+const char *need_system_drive(const char *path);
+char *alloc_system_drive(const char *path);
+int chdir_system_drive(void);
+char *xabsolute_path(char *path);
+char *get_drive_cwd(const char *path, char *buffer, int size);
+void fix_path_case(char *path);
+void make_sparse(int fd, off_t start, off_t end);
+int skip_ansi_emulation(int reset);
+int unix_path(const char *path);
+int has_path(const char *file);
+int is_relative_path(const char *path);
+char *get_last_slash(const char *path);
diff --git a/include/platform.h b/include/platform.h
index ad27bb31a..3fb1a2dc8 100644
--- a/include/platform.h
+++ b/include/platform.h
@@ -7,6 +7,20 @@
 #ifndef BB_PLATFORM_H
 #define BB_PLATFORM_H 1
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# if !defined(__MINGW32__) /* HOSTCC is called */
+#  undef ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# else
+#  undef __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
+#  define __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO 0
+#  undef _WIN32_WINNT
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x502
+# endif
+#else
+# if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  error "You must select target platform MS Windows, or it won't build"
+# endif
+#endif
 
 /* Convenience macros to test the version of gcc. */
 #undef __GNUC_PREREQ
@@ -135,7 +149,7 @@
 
 /* Make all declarations hidden (-fvisibility flag only affects definitions) */
 /* (don't include system headers after this until corresponding pop!) */
-#if __GNUC_PREREQ(4,1) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if __GNUC_PREREQ(4,1) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 # define PUSH_AND_SET_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY_TO_HIDDEN _Pragma("GCC visibility push(hidden)")
 # define POP_SAVED_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY              _Pragma("GCC visibility pop")
 #else
@@ -164,6 +178,13 @@
 # define bswap_64 __bswap64
 # define bswap_32 __bswap32
 # define bswap_16 __bswap16
+#elif ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# define __BIG_ENDIAN 0
+# define __LITTLE_ENDIAN 1
+# define __BYTE_ORDER __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define bswap_16(x) ((((x) & 0xFF00) >> 8) | (((x) & 0xFF) << 8))
+# define bswap_32(x) ((bswap_16(((x) & 0xFFFF0000L) >> 16)) | (bswap_16((x) & 0xFFFFL) << 16))
+# define bswap_64(x) ((bswap_32(((x) & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000LL) >> 32)) | (bswap_32((x) & 0xFFFFFFFFLL) << 32))
 #else
 # include <byteswap.h>
 # include <endian.h>
@@ -442,6 +463,27 @@ typedef unsigned smalluint;
 # endif
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# undef HAVE_FDATASYNC
+# undef HAVE_DPRINTF
+# undef HAVE_GETLINE
+# undef HAVE_MEMRCHR
+# undef HAVE_MKDTEMP
+# undef HAVE_SETBIT
+# undef HAVE_STPCPY
+# undef HAVE_STPNCPY
+# undef HAVE_STRCASESTR
+# undef HAVE_STRCHRNUL
+# undef HAVE_STRSEP
+# undef HAVE_STRVERSCMP
+#if !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+# undef HAVE_VASPRINTF
+#endif
+# undef HAVE_UNLOCKED_STDIO
+# undef HAVE_UNLOCKED_LINE_OPS
+# undef HAVE_PRINTF_PERCENTM
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__WATCOMC__)
 # undef HAVE_DPRINTF
 # undef HAVE_GETLINE
@@ -562,6 +604,7 @@ extern int dprintf(int fd, const char *format, ...);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef HAVE_MEMRCHR
+#include <stddef.h>
 extern void *memrchr(const void *s, int c, size_t n) FAST_FUNC;
 #endif
 
@@ -625,6 +668,7 @@ extern int usleep(unsigned) FAST_FUNC;
 #endif
 
 #ifndef HAVE_VASPRINTF
+# include <stdarg.h>
 extern int vasprintf(char **string_ptr, const char *format, va_list p) FAST_FUNC;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/libbb/Kbuild.src b/libbb/Kbuild.src
index 2fa239857..9b37b174d 100644
--- a/libbb/Kbuild.src
+++ b/libbb/Kbuild.src
@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@ INSERT
 
 lib-y += appletlib.o
 lib-y += ask_confirmation.o
-lib-y += bb_askpass.o
 lib-y += bb_bswap_64.o
 lib-y += bb_do_delay.o
 lib-y += bb_pwd.o
 lib-y += bb_qsort.o
 #lib-y += bb_strtod.o
 lib-y += bb_strtonum.o
-lib-y += change_identity.o
 lib-y += chomp.o
 lib-y += compare_string_array.o
 lib-y += concat_path_file.o
@@ -29,32 +27,23 @@ lib-y += copy_file.o
 lib-y += copyfd.o
 lib-y += crc32.o
 lib-y += default_error_retval.o
-lib-y += device_open.o
 lib-y += dump.o
 lib-y += executable.o
 lib-y += fclose_nonstdin.o
 lib-y += fflush_stdout_and_exit.o
 lib-y += fgets_str.o
 lib-y += find_pid_by_name.o
-lib-y += find_root_device.o
 lib-y += full_write.o
-lib-y += get_console.o
 lib-y += get_last_path_component.o
 lib-y += get_line_from_file.o
-lib-y += getpty.o
-lib-y += get_volsize.o
+lib-y += getopt32.o
 lib-y += herror_msg.o
 lib-y += human_readable.o
-lib-y += inet_common.o
-lib-y += inode_hash.o
 lib-y += isdirectory.o
-lib-y += kernel_version.o
 lib-y += last_char_is.o
 lib-y += lineedit.o lineedit_ptr_hack.o
 lib-y += llist.o
-lib-y += login.o
 lib-y += make_directory.o
-lib-y += makedev.o
 lib-y += hash_md5_sha.o
 # Alternative (disabled) MD5 implementation
 #lib-y += hash_md5prime.o
@@ -62,20 +51,15 @@ lib-y += messages.o
 lib-y += mode_string.o
 lib-y += parse_mode.o
 lib-y += perror_msg.o
-lib-y += perror_nomsg.o
 lib-y += perror_nomsg_and_die.o
-lib-y += pidfile.o
 lib-y += platform.o
 lib-y += printable.o
 lib-y += printable_string.o
-lib-y += print_flags.o
 lib-y += process_escape_sequence.o
 lib-y += procps.o
-lib-y += progress.o
 lib-y += ptr_to_globals.o
 lib-y += read.o
 lib-y += read_printf.o
-lib-y += read_key.o
 lib-y += recursive_action.o
 lib-y += remove_file.o
 lib-y += run_shell.o
@@ -84,12 +68,9 @@ lib-y += safe_poll.o
 lib-y += safe_strncpy.o
 lib-y += safe_write.o
 lib-y += securetty.o
-lib-y += setup_environment.o
-lib-y += signals.o
 lib-y += simplify_path.o
 lib-y += single_argv.o
 lib-y += skip_whitespace.o
-lib-y += speed_table.o
 lib-y += str_tolower.o
 lib-y += strrstr.o
 lib-y += sysconf.o
@@ -102,17 +83,40 @@ lib-y += vfork_daemon_rexec.o
 lib-y += warn_ignoring_args.o
 lib-y += wfopen.o
 lib-y += wfopen_input.o
-lib-y += write.o
 lib-y += xatonum.o
 lib-y += xconnect.o
 lib-y += xfuncs.o
 lib-y += xfuncs_printf.o
 lib-y += xfunc_die.o
 lib-y += xgetcwd.o
-lib-y += xgethostbyname.o
 lib-y += xreadlink.o
 lib-y += xrealloc_vector.o
 
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += bb_askpass.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += change_identity.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += device_open.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += find_root_device.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += get_console.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += getpty.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += get_volsize.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += inet_common.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += inode_hash.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA) += inode_hash.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += kernel_version.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += login.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += makedev.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += perror_nomsg.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += pidfile.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += print_flags.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += progress.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += read_key.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += setup_environment.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += signals.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += speed_table.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += udp_io.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += write.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_POSIX) += xgethostbyname.o
+
 lib-$(CONFIG_MOUNT) += match_fstype.o
 lib-$(CONFIG_UMOUNT) += match_fstype.o
 
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ lib-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_MTAB_SUPPORT) += mtab.o
 lib-$(CONFIG_UNICODE_SUPPORT) += unicode.o
 lib-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_CHECK_NAMES) += die_if_bad_username.o
 
-lib-$(CONFIG_NC) += udp_io.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_NC_110_COMPAT) += udp_io.o
 lib-$(CONFIG_NETCAT) += udp_io.o
 lib-$(CONFIG_DNSD) += udp_io.o
 lib-$(CONFIG_NTPD) += udp_io.o
diff --git a/libbb/appletlib.c b/libbb/appletlib.c
index 03389f541..6c0be4a83 100644
--- a/libbb/appletlib.c
+++ b/libbb/appletlib.c
@@ -53,6 +53,15 @@ static inline int *get_perrno(void) { return &errno; }
 # define IF_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL(...) __VA_ARGS__
 #endif
 
+#if (ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32) || \
+        (ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && (ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS \
+                || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE \
+                || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_NOFORK))
+# define IF_FULL_LIST_OPTION(...) __VA_ARGS__
+#else
+# define IF_FULL_LIST_OPTION(...)
+#endif
+
 #include "usage_compressed.h"
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_EMBEDDED_SCRIPTS
@@ -62,6 +71,7 @@ static inline int *get_perrno(void) { return &errno; }
 # define NUM_SCRIPTS 0
 #endif
 #if NUM_SCRIPTS > 0
+# define BB_ARCHIVE_PUBLIC
 # include "bb_archive.h"
 static const char packed_scripts[] ALIGN1 = { PACKED_SCRIPTS };
 #endif
@@ -111,6 +121,7 @@ static const char usage_messages[] ALIGN1 = UNPACKED_USAGE;
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_COMPRESS_USAGE
 
 static const char packed_usage[] ALIGN1 = { PACKED_USAGE };
+# define BB_ARCHIVE_PUBLIC
 # include "bb_archive.h"
 # define unpack_usage_messages() \
         unpack_bz2_data(packed_usage, sizeof(packed_usage), sizeof(UNPACKED_USAGE))
@@ -154,7 +165,11 @@ void FAST_FUNC bb_show_usage(void)
                         ap--;
                 }
                 full_write2_str(bb_banner);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                full_write2_str("\n");
+#else
                 full_write2_str(" multi-call binary.\n"); /* common string */
+#endif
                 if (*p == '\b')
                         full_write2_str("\nNo help available\n");
                 else {
@@ -288,6 +303,11 @@ const char *applet_name;
 #if !BB_MMU
 bool re_execed;
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static int interp = 0;
+char bb_comm[COMM_LEN];
+char bb_command_line[128];
+#endif
 
 
 /* If not built as a single-applet executable... */
@@ -673,15 +693,36 @@ static void install_links(const char *busybox, int use_symbolic_links,
         const char *appname = applet_names;
         unsigned i;
         int rc;
+#  if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        const char *sd = NULL;
+
+        if (custom_install_dir != NULL) {
+                bb_make_directory(custom_install_dir, 0755, FILEUTILS_RECUR);
+        }
+        else {
+                sd = get_system_drive();
+                for (i=1; i<ARRAY_SIZE(install_dir); ++i) {
+                        fpc = xasprintf("%s%s", sd ?: "", install_dir[i]);
+                        bb_make_directory(fpc, 0755, FILEUTILS_RECUR);
+                        free(fpc);
+                }
+        }
+#  endif
 
         lf = link;
         if (use_symbolic_links)
                 lf = symlink;
 
         for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(applet_main); i++) {
+#  if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                fpc = xasprintf("%s%s/%s.exe", sd ?: "",
+                                custom_install_dir ?: install_dir[APPLET_INSTALL_LOC(i)],
+                                appname);
+#  else
                 fpc = concat_path_file(
                                 custom_install_dir ? custom_install_dir : install_dir[APPLET_INSTALL_LOC(i)],
                                 appname);
+#  endif
                 // debug: bb_error_msg("%slinking %s to busybox",
                 //              use_symbolic_links ? "sym" : "", fpc);
                 rc = lf(busybox, fpc);
@@ -779,20 +820,35 @@ int busybox_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 
                 dup2(1, 2);
                 full_write2_str(bb_banner); /* reuse const string */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                full_write2_str("\n");
+#else
                 full_write2_str(" multi-call binary.\n"); /* reuse */
+#endif
+#if defined(MINGW_VER)
+                if (sizeof(MINGW_VER) > 5) {
+                        full_write2_str(MINGW_VER "\n\n");
+                }
+#endif
                 full_write2_str(
-                        "BusyBox is copyrighted by many authors between 1998-2015.\n"
+                        "BusyBox is copyrighted by many authors between 1998-2021.\n"
                         "Licensed under GPLv2. See source distribution for detailed\n"
                         "copyright notices.\n"
                         "\n"
                         "Usage: busybox [function [arguments]...]\n"
-                        "   or: busybox --list"IF_FEATURE_INSTALLER("[-full]")"\n"
+                        "   or: busybox --list"IF_FULL_LIST_OPTION("[-full]")"\n"
 #  if ENABLE_FEATURE_SHOW_SCRIPT && NUM_SCRIPTS > 0
                         "   or: busybox --show SCRIPT\n"
 #  endif
                         IF_FEATURE_INSTALLER(
+                        IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
                         "   or: busybox --install [-s] [DIR]\n"
                         )
+                        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+                        "   or: busybox --install [-s] [-u|DIR]\n"
+                        "   or: busybox --uninstall [-n] file\n"
+                        )
+                        )
                         "   or: function [arguments]...\n"
                         "\n"
                         IF_NOT_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE(
@@ -853,9 +909,28 @@ int busybox_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 const char *a = applet_names;
                 dup2(1, 2);
                 while (*a) {
-#  if ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER
+#  if ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         if (argv[1][6]) /* --list-full? */
                                 full_write2_str(install_dir[APPLET_INSTALL_LOC(i)] + 1);
+#  elif ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && (ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS \
+                || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE \
+                || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_NOFORK)
+                        if (argv[1][6]) { /* --list-full? */
+                                const char *str;
+
+                                if (APPLET_IS_NOFORK(i))
+                                        str = "NOFORK  ";
+                                else if (APPLET_IS_NOEXEC(i))
+                                        str = "noexec  ";
+#   if NUM_SCRIPTS > 0
+                                else if (applet_main[i] == scripted_main)
+                                        str = "script  ";
+#   endif
+                                else
+                                        str = "        ";
+                                full_write2_str(str);
+                                full_write2_str(install_dir[APPLET_INSTALL_LOC(i)] + 1);
+                        }
 #  endif
                         full_write2_str(a);
                         full_write2_str("\n");
@@ -868,6 +943,7 @@ int busybox_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 
         if (ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER && strcmp(argv[1], "--install") == 0) {
                 int use_symbolic_links;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 const char *busybox;
 
                 busybox = xmalloc_readlink(bb_busybox_exec_path);
@@ -887,9 +963,63 @@ int busybox_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                  */
                 use_symbolic_links = (argv[2] && strcmp(argv[2], "-s") == 0 && ++argv);
                 install_links(busybox, use_symbolic_links, argv[2]);
+#else
+                char *target;
+                uint32_t opt;
+                enum { OPT_s = (1 << 0), OPT_u = (1 << 1) };
+
+                /* busybox --install [-s] [-u|DIR]
+                 * -s: make symlinks
+                 * -u: install to Unix-style directories in system drive
+                 * DIR: directory to install links to
+                 * If no argument is provided put the links in the same directory
+                 * as busybox.
+                 */
+                argv += 1;
+                opt = getopt32(argv, "!su");
+                argv += optind;
+
+                if (opt == (uint32_t)-1 ||
+                                (*argv != NULL && (opt & OPT_u || *(argv + 1) != NULL)))
+                        bb_simple_error_msg_and_die("busybox --install [-s] [-u|DIR]");
+
+                if (opt & OPT_u)
+                        target = NULL;
+                else if (*argv != NULL)
+                        target = *argv;
+                else
+                        target = dirname(xstrdup(bb_busybox_exec_path));
+
+                use_symbolic_links = opt & OPT_s;
+                /* NULL target -> install to Unix-style dirs */
+                install_links(bb_busybox_exec_path, use_symbolic_links, target);
+#endif
                 return 0;
         }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER
+        if (strcmp(argv[1], "--uninstall") == 0) {
+                char name[PATH_MAX];
+                int dry_run = (argv[2] && strcmp(argv[2], "-n") == 0 && ++argv);
+                const char *file = argv[2];
+
+                if (!argv[2])
+                        bb_error_msg_and_die(bb_msg_requires_arg, "--uninstall");
+
+                while (enumerate_links(file, name)) {
+                        if (dry_run) {
+                                full_write1_str(name);
+                                full_write1_str("\n");
+                        }
+                        else if (unlink(name) != 0) {
+                                bb_simple_perror_msg(name);
+                        }
+                        file = NULL;
+                }
+                return 0;
+        }
+#endif
+
         if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) {
                 /* "busybox --help [<applet>]" */
                 if (!argv[2]
@@ -939,6 +1069,9 @@ void FAST_FUNC show_usage_if_dash_dash_help(int applet_no, char **argv)
 #  if defined APPLET_NO_echo
          && applet_no != APPLET_NO_echo
 #  endif
+#  if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && defined APPLET_NO_busybox
+         && applet_no != APPLET_NO_busybox
+#  endif
         ) {
                 if (argv[1] && !argv[2] && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) {
                         /* Make "foo --help" exit with 0: */
@@ -950,7 +1083,14 @@ void FAST_FUNC show_usage_if_dash_dash_help(int applet_no, char **argv)
 
 void FAST_FUNC run_applet_no_and_exit(int applet_no, const char *name, char **argv)
 {
+#  if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        int argc = string_array_len(argv);
+        int i;
+        const char *vmask;
+        unsigned int mask;
+#  else
         int argc;
+#  endif
 
         /*
          * We do not use argv[0]: do not want to repeat massaging of
@@ -963,7 +1103,23 @@ void FAST_FUNC run_applet_no_and_exit(int applet_no, const char *name, char **ar
         if (ENABLE_FEATURE_SUID)
                 check_suid(applet_no);
 
+#  if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        safe_strncpy(bb_comm,
+                                        interp ? bb_basename(argv[interp]) : applet_name,
+                                        sizeof(bb_comm));
+
+        safe_strncpy(bb_command_line, applet_name, sizeof(bb_command_line));
+        for (i=1; i < argc && argv[i] &&
+                        strlen(bb_command_line) + strlen(argv[i]) + 2 < 128; ++i) {
+                strcat(strcat(bb_command_line, " "), argv[i]);
+        }
+
+        vmask = getenv("BB_UMASK");
+        if (vmask && sscanf(vmask, "%o", &mask) == 1)
+                umask((mode_t)(mask&0777));
+#  else
         argc = string_array_len(argv);
+#  endif
         xfunc_error_retval = applet_main[applet_no](argc, argv);
 
         /* Note: applet_main() may also not return (die on a xfunc or such) */
@@ -1073,6 +1229,38 @@ int main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 argv[0][0] &= 0x7f;
         }
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        /* detect if we're running an interpreted script */
+        if (argv[0][1] == ':' && argv[0][2] == '/') {
+                switch (argv[0][0]) {
+                case '2':
+                        ++interp;
+                        /* fall through */
+                case '1':
+                        ++interp;
+                        argv[0] += 3;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_EURO
+        init_codepage();
+# endif
+        /* Ignore critical errors, such as calling GetVolumeInformation() on
+         * a floppy or CDROM drive with no media. */
+        SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+        if ( stdin ) {
+                _setmode(fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
+        }
+        if ( stdout ) {
+                _setmode(fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
+        }
+        if ( stderr ) {
+                _setmode(fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
+        }
+#endif
 
 #if defined(SINGLE_APPLET_MAIN)
 
@@ -1097,6 +1285,10 @@ int main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 
 #else
 
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (argv[1] && argv[2] && strcmp(argv[1], "--busybox") == 0)
+                argv += 2;
+# endif
         lbb_prepare("busybox" IF_FEATURE_INDIVIDUAL(, argv));
 # if !ENABLE_BUSYBOX
         if (argv[1] && is_prefixed_with(bb_basename(argv[0]), "busybox"))
@@ -1105,6 +1297,15 @@ int main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         applet_name = argv[0];
         if (applet_name[0] == '-')
                 applet_name++;
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        str_tolower(argv[0]);
+        bs_to_slash(argv[0]);
+        if (has_exe_suffix_or_dot(argv[0])) {
+                char *s = strrchr(argv[0], '.');
+                if (s)
+                        *s = '\0';
+        }
+# endif
         applet_name = bb_basename(applet_name);
 
         /* If we are a result of execv("/proc/self/exe"), fix ugly comm of "exe" */
diff --git a/libbb/bb_qsort.c b/libbb/bb_qsort.c
index 505045533..7afddf468 100644
--- a/libbb/bb_qsort.c
+++ b/libbb/bb_qsort.c
@@ -17,3 +17,15 @@ void FAST_FUNC qsort_string_vector(char **sv, unsigned count)
 {
         qsort(sv, count, sizeof(char*), bb_pstrcmp);
 }
+
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static int bb_pstrcasecmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+        return strcasecmp(*(char**)a, *(char**)b);
+}
+
+void FAST_FUNC qsort_string_vector_case(char **sv, unsigned count)
+{
+        qsort(sv, count, sizeof(char*), bb_pstrcasecmp);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/libbb/compare_string_array.c b/libbb/compare_string_array.c
index d8cd033a3..70a4c29cf 100644
--- a/libbb/compare_string_array.c
+++ b/libbb/compare_string_array.c
@@ -27,11 +27,25 @@ char* FAST_FUNC is_prefixed_with(const char *string, const char *key)
 #endif
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+char* FAST_FUNC is_prefixed_with_case(const char *string, const char *key)
+{
+        while (*key != '\0') {
+                if (tolower(*key) != tolower(*string))
+                        return NULL;
+                key++;
+                string++;
+        }
+        return (char*)string;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Return NULL if string is not suffixed with key. Return pointer to the
  * beginning of prefix key in string. If key is an empty string return pointer
  * to the end of string.
  */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 char* FAST_FUNC is_suffixed_with(const char *string, const char *key)
 {
         size_t key_len = strlen(key);
@@ -46,6 +60,33 @@ char* FAST_FUNC is_suffixed_with(const char *string, const char *key)
 
         return NULL;
 }
+#else
+static char* FAST_FUNC is_suffixed(const char *string, const char *key,
+                int (*fn)(const char *, const char*))
+{
+        size_t key_len = strlen(key);
+        ssize_t len_diff = strlen(string) - key_len;
+
+        if (len_diff >= 0) {
+                string += len_diff;
+                if (fn(string, key) == 0) {
+                        return (char*)string;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+char* FAST_FUNC is_suffixed_with(const char *string, const char *key)
+{
+        return is_suffixed(string, key, strcmp);
+}
+
+char* FAST_FUNC is_suffixed_with_case(const char *string, const char *key)
+{
+        return is_suffixed(string, key, strcasecmp);
+}
+#endif
 
 /* returns the array index of the string */
 /* (index of first match is returned, or -1) */
diff --git a/libbb/concat_path_file.c b/libbb/concat_path_file.c
index 5b4b7f113..81c7481ca 100644
--- a/libbb/concat_path_file.c
+++ b/libbb/concat_path_file.c
@@ -21,8 +21,14 @@ char* FAST_FUNC concat_path_file(const char *path, const char *filename)
 
         if (!path)
                 path = "";
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        lc = last_char_is(path, '/') ?: last_char_is(path, '\\');
+        while (*filename == '/' || *filename == '\\')
+                filename++;
+#else
         lc = last_char_is(path, '/');
         while (*filename == '/')
                 filename++;
+#endif
         return xasprintf("%s%s%s", path, (lc==NULL ? "/" : ""), filename);
 }
diff --git a/libbb/copy_file.c b/libbb/copy_file.c
index 044bc3c20..c0928a5a8 100644
--- a/libbb/copy_file.c
+++ b/libbb/copy_file.c
@@ -105,12 +105,18 @@ int FAST_FUNC copy_file(const char *source, const char *dest, int flags)
                         return -1;
                 }
         } else {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
                 if (source_stat.st_dev == dest_stat.st_dev
                  && source_stat.st_ino == dest_stat.st_ino
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+                 /* ignore invalid inode numbers */
+                 && source_stat.st_ino != 0
+# endif
                 ) {
                         bb_error_msg("'%s' and '%s' are the same file", source, dest);
                         return -1;
                 }
+#endif
                 if (flags & FILEUTILS_NO_OVERWRITE) /* cp -n */
                         return 0;
                 dest_exists = 1;
diff --git a/libbb/dump.c b/libbb/dump.c
index fcdee8343..d24057325 100644
--- a/libbb/dump.c
+++ b/libbb/dump.c
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ typedef struct priv_dumper_t {
         off_t eaddress;          /* end address */
         int blocksize;
         smallint exitval;        /* final exit value */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        FILE *fd;
+#endif
 
         /* former statics */
         smallint next__done;
@@ -57,6 +60,9 @@ dumper_t* FAST_FUNC alloc_dumper(void)
         dumper->pub.dump_length = -1;
         dumper->pub.dump_vflag = FIRST;
         dumper->get__ateof = 1;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        dumper->fd = stdin;
+#endif
         return &dumper->pub;
 }
 
@@ -328,7 +334,11 @@ static void do_skip(priv_dumper_t *dumper, const char *fname)
 {
         struct stat sbuf;
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        xfstat(fileno(dumper->fd), &sbuf, fname);
+#else
         xfstat(STDIN_FILENO, &sbuf, fname);
+#endif
         if (S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)
          && dumper->pub.dump_skip >= sbuf.st_size
         ) {
@@ -337,7 +347,11 @@ static void do_skip(priv_dumper_t *dumper, const char *fname)
                 dumper->pub.address += sbuf.st_size;
                 return;
         }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (fseeko(dumper->fd, dumper->pub.dump_skip, SEEK_SET)) {
+#else
         if (fseeko(stdin, dumper->pub.dump_skip, SEEK_SET)) {
+#endif
                 bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die(fname);
         }
         dumper->pub.address += dumper->pub.dump_skip;
@@ -353,13 +367,23 @@ static NOINLINE int next(priv_dumper_t *dumper)
                 if (fname) {
                         dumper->argv++;
                         if (NOT_LONE_DASH(fname)) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                dumper->fd = fopen(fname, "r");
+                                if (!dumper->fd) {
+#else
                                 if (!freopen(fname, "r", stdin)) {
+#endif
                                         bb_simple_perror_msg(fname);
                                         dumper->exitval = 1;
                                         dumper->next__done = 1;
                                         continue;
                                 }
                         }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        else {
+                                dumper->fd = stdin;
+                        }
+#endif
                 } else {
                         if (dumper->next__done)
                                 return 0; /* no next file */
@@ -414,13 +438,25 @@ static unsigned char *get(priv_dumper_t *dumper)
                         dumper->eaddress = dumper->pub.address + nread;
                         return dumper->get__curp;
                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                n = fread(dumper->get__curp + nread, sizeof(unsigned char),
+                                dumper->pub.dump_length == -1 ? need : MIN(dumper->pub.dump_length, need), dumper->fd);
+#else
                 n = fread(dumper->get__curp + nread, sizeof(unsigned char),
                                 dumper->pub.dump_length == -1 ? need : MIN(dumper->pub.dump_length, need), stdin);
+#endif
                 if (n == 0) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        if (ferror(dumper->fd)) {
+#else
                         if (ferror(stdin)) {
+#endif
                                 bb_simple_perror_msg(dumper->argv[-1]);
                         }
                         dumper->get__ateof = 1;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        fclose(dumper->fd);
+#endif
                         continue;
                 }
                 dumper->get__ateof = 0;
diff --git a/libbb/executable.c b/libbb/executable.c
index a033b74d9..32b37f29d 100644
--- a/libbb/executable.c
+++ b/libbb/executable.c
@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@
 int FAST_FUNC file_is_executable(const char *name)
 {
         struct stat s;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         return (!access(name, X_OK) && !stat(name, &s) && S_ISREG(s.st_mode));
+#else
+        /* expand WIN32 implementation of access(2) */
+        return (!stat(name, &s) && S_ISREG(s.st_mode) && (s.st_mode & S_IXUSR));
+#endif
 }
 
 /* search (*PATHp) for an executable file;
@@ -44,14 +49,23 @@ char* FAST_FUNC find_executable(const char *filename, char **PATHp)
         while (p) {
                 int ex;
 
-                n = strchr(p, ':');
+                n = strchr(p, PATH_SEP);
                 if (n) *n = '\0';
                 p = concat_path_file(
                         p[0] ? p : ".", /* handle "::" case */
                         filename
                 );
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                {
+                        char *w = alloc_system_drive(p);
+                        ex = add_win32_extension(w) || file_is_executable(w);
+                        free(p);
+                        p = w;
+                }
+#else
                 ex = file_is_executable(p);
-                if (n) *n++ = ':';
+#endif
+                if (n) *n++ = PATH_SEP;
                 if (ex) {
                         *PATHp = n;
                         return p;
diff --git a/libbb/find_mount_point.c b/libbb/find_mount_point.c
index 0e1be3820..cf06c6e18 100644
--- a/libbb/find_mount_point.c
+++ b/libbb/find_mount_point.c
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
  *
  * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
  */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# define MNTENT_PRIVATE
+#endif
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include <mntent.h>
 
@@ -19,14 +22,22 @@
 struct mntent* FAST_FUNC find_mount_point(const char *name, int subdir_too)
 {
         struct stat s;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         FILE *mtab_fp;
         struct mntent *mountEntry;
         dev_t devno_of_name;
         bool block_dev;
+#else
+        struct mntent *mountEntry;
+        static struct mntdata *data = NULL;
+        char *current;
+        const char *path;
+#endif
 
         if (stat(name, &s) != 0)
                 return NULL;
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         devno_of_name = s.st_dev;
         block_dev = 0;
         /* Why S_ISCHR? - UBI volumes use char devices, not block */
@@ -74,6 +85,26 @@ struct mntent* FAST_FUNC find_mount_point(const char *name, int subdir_too)
                 }
         }
         endmntent(mtab_fp);
+#else
+        mountEntry = NULL;
+        path = NULL;
+        current = NULL;
+
+        if ( isalpha(name[0]) && name[1] == ':' ) {
+                path = name;
+        } else {
+                path = current = xrealloc_getcwd_or_warn(NULL);
+        }
+
+        if ( path && isalpha(path[0]) && path[1] == ':' ) {
+                if (data == NULL)
+                        data = xmalloc(sizeof(*data));
+
+                fill_mntdata(data, toupper(path[0]) - 'A');
+                mountEntry = &data->me;
+        }
+        free(current);
+#endif
 
         return mountEntry;
 }
diff --git a/libbb/find_pid_by_name.c b/libbb/find_pid_by_name.c
index fe13f7211..0b6d5a206 100644
--- a/libbb/find_pid_by_name.c
+++ b/libbb/find_pid_by_name.c
@@ -39,8 +39,10 @@ and therefore comm field contains "exe".
 
 static int comm_match(procps_status_t *p, const char *procName)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         int argv1idx;
         const char *argv1;
+#endif
 
         if (strncmp(p->comm, procName, 15) != 0)
                 return 0; /* comm does not match */
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ static int comm_match(procps_status_t *p, const char *procName)
          * This can be crazily_long_script_name.sh!
          * The telltale sign is basename(argv[1]) == procName */
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (!p->argv0)
                 return 0;
 
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ static int comm_match(procps_status_t *p, const char *procName)
 
         if (strcmp(bb_basename(argv1), procName) != 0)
                 return 0;
+#endif
 
         return 1;
 }
@@ -87,6 +91,7 @@ pid_t* FAST_FUNC find_pid_by_name(const char *procName)
         pidList = xzalloc(sizeof(*pidList));
         while ((p = procps_scan(p, PSSCAN_PID|PSSCAN_COMM|PSSCAN_ARGVN|PSSCAN_EXE))) {
                 if (comm_match(p, procName)
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 /* or we require argv0 to match (essential for matching reexeced /proc/self/exe)*/
                  || (p->argv0 && strcmp(bb_basename(p->argv0), procName) == 0)
                 /* or we require /proc/PID/exe link to match */
@@ -95,6 +100,7 @@ pid_t* FAST_FUNC find_pid_by_name(const char *procName)
                                                         : bb_basename(p->exe),
                                         procName
                                         ) == 0)
+#endif
                 ) {
                         pidList = xrealloc_vector(pidList, 2, i);
                         pidList[i++] = p->pid;
diff --git a/libbb/get_last_path_component.c b/libbb/get_last_path_component.c
index 04fdf2a3e..254aabafd 100644
--- a/libbb/get_last_path_component.c
+++ b/libbb/get_last_path_component.c
@@ -10,12 +10,34 @@
 
 const char* FAST_FUNC bb_basename(const char *name)
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        const char *cp;
+        for (cp = name; *cp; cp++)
+                if (*cp == '/' || *cp == '\\' || *cp == ':')
+                        name = cp + 1;
+#else
         const char *cp = strrchr(name, '/');
         if (cp)
                 return cp + 1;
+#endif
         return name;
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+char *get_last_slash(const char *path)
+{
+        const char *start = path + root_len(path);
+        char *slash = strrchr(start, '/');
+        char *bslash = strrchr(start, '\\');
+
+        if (slash && bslash)
+                slash = MAX(slash, bslash);
+        else if (!slash)
+                slash = bslash;
+        return slash;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * "/"        -> "/"
  * "abc"      -> "abc"
@@ -24,10 +46,20 @@ const char* FAST_FUNC bb_basename(const char *name)
  */
 char* FAST_FUNC bb_get_last_path_component_nostrip(const char *path)
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        const char *start = path + root_len(path);
+        char *slash = get_last_slash(path);
+
+        if (!slash && has_dos_drive_prefix(path) && path[2] != '\0')
+                return (char *)path + 2;
+        if (!slash || (slash == start && !slash[1]))
+                return (char*)path;
+#else
         char *slash = strrchr(path, '/');
 
         if (!slash || (slash == path && !slash[1]))
                 return (char*)path;
+#endif
 
         return slash + 1;
 }
@@ -42,9 +74,20 @@ char* FAST_FUNC bb_get_last_path_component_strip(char *path)
 {
         char *slash = last_char_is(path, '/');
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        const char *start = has_dos_drive_prefix(path) ? path+2 : path;
+
+        if (!slash)
+                slash = last_char_is(path, '\\');
+
+        if (slash)
+                while ((*slash == '/' || *slash == '\\') && slash != start)
+                        *slash-- = '\0';
+#else
         if (slash)
                 while (*slash == '/' && slash != path)
                         *slash-- = '\0';
+#endif
 
         return bb_get_last_path_component_nostrip(path);
 }
diff --git a/libbb/get_line_from_file.c b/libbb/get_line_from_file.c
index 903ff1fb6..929bab78a 100644
--- a/libbb/get_line_from_file.c
+++ b/libbb/get_line_from_file.c
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ char* FAST_FUNC xmalloc_fgetline(FILE *file)
 
         if (i && c[--i] == '\n')
                 c[i] = '\0';
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (i && c[--i] == '\r')
+                c[i] = '\0';
+#endif
 
         return c;
 }
diff --git a/libbb/human_readable.c b/libbb/human_readable.c
index 09221a186..3199ede6e 100644
--- a/libbb/human_readable.c
+++ b/libbb/human_readable.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const char* FAST_FUNC make_human_readable_str(unsigned long long val,
         if (val == 0)
                 return "0";
 
-        fmt = "%llu";
+        fmt = "%"LL_FMT"u";
         if (block_size > 1)
                 val *= block_size;
         frac = 0;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ const char* FAST_FUNC make_human_readable_str(unsigned long long val,
                 while ((val >= 1024)
                  /* && (u < unit_chars + sizeof(unit_chars) - 1) - always true */
                 ) {
-                        fmt = "%llu.%u%c";
+                        fmt = "%"LL_FMT"u.%u%c";
                         u++;
                         frac = (((unsigned)val % 1024) * 10 + 1024/2) / 1024;
                         val /= 1024;
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ const char* FAST_FUNC make_human_readable_str(unsigned long long val,
                         if (frac >= 5) {
                                 ++val;
                         }
-                        fmt = "%llu%*c";
+                        fmt = "%"LL_FMT"u%*c";
                         frac = 1;
                 }
 #endif
diff --git a/libbb/inode_hash.c b/libbb/inode_hash.c
index a125244ca..f2cc417bc 100644
--- a/libbb/inode_hash.c
+++ b/libbb/inode_hash.c
@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ void FAST_FUNC add_to_ino_dev_hashtable(const struct stat *statbuf, const char *
         int i;
         ino_dev_hashtable_bucket_t *bucket;
 
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+        /* ignore invalid inode numbers */
+        if (statbuf->st_ino == 0)
+                return;
+#endif
         if (!name)
                 name = "";
         bucket = xmalloc(sizeof(ino_dev_hashtable_bucket_t) + strlen(name));
diff --git a/libbb/lineedit.c b/libbb/lineedit.c
index e14c78707..8abc87976 100644
--- a/libbb/lineedit.c
+++ b/libbb/lineedit.c
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ int adjust_width_and_validate_wc(unsigned *width_adj, int wc);
 /* Put 'command_ps[cursor]', cursor++.
  * Advance cursor on screen. If we reached right margin, scroll text up
  * and remove terminal margin effect by printing 'next_char' */
-#define HACK_FOR_WRONG_WIDTH 1
+#define HACK_FOR_WRONG_WIDTH 1 && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void put_cur_glyph_and_inc_cursor(void)
 {
         CHAR_T c = command_ps[cursor];
@@ -464,6 +464,42 @@ static void put_cur_glyph_and_inc_cursor(void)
         }
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static void inc_cursor(void)
+{
+        CHAR_T c = command_ps[cursor];
+        unsigned width = 0;
+        int ofs_to_right;
+
+        /* advance cursor */
+        cursor++;
+        if (unicode_status == UNICODE_ON) {
+                IF_UNICODE_WIDE_WCHARS(width = cmdedit_x;)
+                c = adjust_width_and_validate_wc(&cmdedit_x, c);
+                IF_UNICODE_WIDE_WCHARS(width = cmdedit_x - width;)
+        } else {
+                cmdedit_x++;
+        }
+
+        ofs_to_right = cmdedit_x - cmdedit_termw;
+        if (!ENABLE_UNICODE_WIDE_WCHARS || ofs_to_right <= 0) {
+                /* cursor remains on this line */
+                printf(ESC"[1C");
+        }
+
+        if (ofs_to_right >= 0) {
+                /* we go to the next line */
+                printf(ESC"[1B");
+                bb_putchar('\r');
+                cmdedit_y++;
+                if (!ENABLE_UNICODE_WIDE_WCHARS || ofs_to_right == 0) {
+                        width = 0;
+                }
+                cmdedit_x = width;
+        }
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Move to end of line (by printing all chars till the end) */
 static void put_till_end_and_adv_cursor(void)
 {
@@ -523,6 +559,7 @@ static void input_backward(unsigned num)
 
         if (cmdedit_x >= num) {
                 cmdedit_x -= num;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 if (num <= 4) {
                         /* This is longer by 5 bytes on x86.
                          * Also gets miscompiled for ARM users
@@ -535,6 +572,7 @@ static void input_backward(unsigned num)
                         } while (--num);
                         return;
                 }
+#endif
                 printf(ESC"[%uD", num);
                 return;
         }
@@ -673,7 +711,11 @@ static void input_backspace(void)
 static void input_forward(void)
 {
         if (cursor < command_len)
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 put_cur_glyph_and_inc_cursor();
+#else
+                inc_cursor();
+#endif
 }
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TAB_COMPLETION
@@ -684,6 +726,14 @@ static void input_forward(void)
 //Also, perhaps "foo b<TAB> needs to complete to "foo bar" <cursor>,
 //not "foo bar <cursor>...
 
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+/* use case-insensitive comparisons for filenames */
+#  define is_prefixed_with(s, k) is_prefixed_with_case(s, k)
+#  define qsort_string_vector(s, c) qsort_string_vector_case(s, c)
+#  define strcmp(s, t) strcasecmp(s, t)
+#  define strncmp(s, t, n) strncasecmp(s, t, n)
+# endif
+
 static void free_tab_completion_data(void)
 {
         if (matches) {
@@ -700,8 +750,12 @@ static void add_match(char *matched)
         while (*p) {
                 /* ESC attack fix: drop any string with control chars */
                 if (*p < ' '
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                  || (!ENABLE_UNICODE_SUPPORT && *p >= 0x7f)
                  || (ENABLE_UNICODE_SUPPORT && *p == 0x7f)
+# else
+                 || *p == 0x7f
+# endif
                 ) {
                         free(matched);
                         return;
@@ -720,13 +774,16 @@ static void add_match(char *matched)
  */
 static char *username_path_completion(char *ud)
 {
+#  if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         struct passwd *entry;
+#endif
         char *tilde_name = ud;
         const char *home = NULL;
 
         ud++; /* skip ~ */
         if (*ud == '/') {       /* "~/..." */
                 home = get_homedir_or_NULL();
+#  if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         } else {
                 /* "~user/..." */
                 ud = strchr(ud, '/');
@@ -735,6 +792,7 @@ static char *username_path_completion(char *ud)
                 *ud = '/';            /* restore "~user/..." */
                 if (entry)
                         home = entry->pw_dir;
+#  endif
         }
         if (home) {
                 ud = concat_path_file(home, ud);
@@ -744,6 +802,7 @@ static char *username_path_completion(char *ud)
         return tilde_name;
 }
 
+#  if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* ~use<tab> - find all users with this prefix.
  * Return the length of the prefix used for matching.
  */
@@ -766,6 +825,7 @@ static NOINLINE unsigned complete_username(const char *ud)
 
         return 1 + userlen;
 }
+#  endif
 # endif  /* FEATURE_USERNAME_COMPLETION */
 
 enum {
@@ -795,7 +855,7 @@ static unsigned path_parse(char ***p)
         tmp = (char*)pth;
         npth = 1; /* path component count */
         while (1) {
-                tmp = strchr(tmp, ':');
+                tmp = strchr(tmp, PATH_SEP);
                 if (!tmp)
                         break;
                 tmp++;
@@ -806,7 +866,7 @@ static unsigned path_parse(char ***p)
         res[0] = tmp = xstrdup(pth);
         npth = 1;
         while (1) {
-                tmp = strchr(tmp, ':');
+                tmp = strchr(tmp, PATH_SEP);
                 if (!tmp)
                         break;
                 *tmp++ = '\0'; /* ':' -> '\0' */
@@ -834,6 +894,17 @@ static NOINLINE unsigned complete_cmd_dir_file(const char *command, int type)
         path1[0] = (char*)".";
 
         basecmd = strrchr(command, '/');
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (!basecmd && has_dos_drive_prefix(command) && command[2] != '\0') {
+                char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+
+                /* path is of form c:path with no '/' */
+                if (get_drive_cwd(command, buffer, PATH_MAX)) {
+                        basecmd = command + 2;
+                        path1[0] = dirbuf = xstrdup(buffer);
+                }
+        } else
+#endif
         if (!basecmd) {
                 if (type == FIND_EXE_ONLY)
                         npaths = path_parse(&paths);
@@ -891,6 +962,9 @@ static NOINLINE unsigned complete_cmd_dir_file(const char *command, int type)
                 }
 
                 lpath = *paths[i] ? paths[i] : ".";
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                lpath = auto_string(alloc_system_drive(lpath));
+#endif
                 dir = opendir(lpath);
                 if (!dir)
                         continue; /* don't print an error */
@@ -913,6 +987,12 @@ static NOINLINE unsigned complete_cmd_dir_file(const char *command, int type)
                         if (stat(found, &st) && lstat(found, &st))
                                 goto cont; /* hmm, remove in progress? */
 
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        if (type == FIND_EXE_ONLY && S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
+                                        !(st.st_mode & S_IXUSR))
+                                goto cont;
+# endif
+
                         /* Save only name */
                         len = strlen(name_found);
                         found = xrealloc(found, len + 2); /* +2: for slash and NUL */
@@ -996,7 +1076,13 @@ static NOINLINE int build_match_prefix(char *match_buf)
 
         /* Mark every \c as "quoted c" */
         for (i = 0; int_buf[i]; i++) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                /* Trailing backslash is effectively removed which confuses
+                 * the code to display case-preserved filenames. */
+                if (int_buf[i] == '\\' && int_buf[i+1] != '\0') {
+#else
                 if (int_buf[i] == '\\') {
+#endif
                         remove_chunk(int_buf, i, i + 1);
                         int_buf[i] |= QUOT;
                 }
@@ -1197,6 +1283,11 @@ static NOINLINE void input_tab(smallint *lastWasTab)
         size_t len_found;
         /* Length of string used for matching */
         unsigned match_pfx_len = match_pfx_len;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        unsigned orig_pfx_len;
+        char *target;
+        const char *source;
+#endif
         int find_type;
 # if ENABLE_UNICODE_SUPPORT
         /* cursor pos in command converted to multibyte form */
@@ -1244,7 +1335,7 @@ static NOINLINE void input_tab(smallint *lastWasTab)
         /* Free up any memory already allocated */
         free_tab_completion_data();
 
-# if ENABLE_FEATURE_USERNAME_COMPLETION
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_USERNAME_COMPLETION && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* If the word starts with ~ and there is no slash in the word,
          * then try completing this word as a username. */
         if (state->flags & USERNAME_COMPLETION)
@@ -1261,6 +1352,9 @@ static NOINLINE void input_tab(smallint *lastWasTab)
         {
                 const char *e = match_buf + strlen(match_buf);
                 const char *s = e - match_pfx_len;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                orig_pfx_len = match_pfx_len;
+#endif
                 while (s < e)
                         if (is_special_char(*s++))
                                 match_pfx_len++;
@@ -1295,7 +1389,11 @@ static NOINLINE void input_tab(smallint *lastWasTab)
                 for (cp = chosen_match; *cp; cp++) {
                         unsigned n;
                         for (n = 1; n < num_matches; n++) {
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                 if (matches[n][cp - chosen_match] != *cp) {
+# else
+                                if (tolower(matches[n][cp - chosen_match]) != tolower(*cp)) {
+# endif
                                         goto stop;
                                 }
                         }
@@ -1331,7 +1429,21 @@ static NOINLINE void input_tab(smallint *lastWasTab)
                 /* save tail */
                 strcpy(match_buf, &command_ps[cursor]);
                 /* add match and tail */
+#  if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (match_pfx_len == orig_pfx_len) {
+                        /* replace match prefix to allow for altered case */
+                        target = &command_ps[cursor-match_pfx_len];
+                        source = chosen_match;
+                }
+                else {
+                        /* only replace tail of match if special characters are quoted */
+                        target = &command_ps[cursor];
+                        source = chosen_match + match_pfx_len;
+                }
+                strcpy(stpcpy(target, source), match_buf);
+#  else
                 sprintf(&command_ps[cursor], "%s%s", chosen_match + match_pfx_len, match_buf);
+#  endif
                 command_len = strlen(command_ps);
                 /* new pos */
                 pos = cursor + len_found - match_pfx_len;
@@ -1368,6 +1480,13 @@ static NOINLINE void input_tab(smallint *lastWasTab)
         free(match_buf);
 }
 
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#  undef is_prefixed_with
+#  undef qsort_string_vector
+#  undef strcmp
+#  undef strncmp
+# endif
+
 #endif  /* FEATURE_TAB_COMPLETION */
 
 
@@ -2414,7 +2533,7 @@ static void sigaction2(int sig, struct sigaction *act)
  */
 int FAST_FUNC read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *command, int maxsize)
 {
-        int len, n;
+        int len IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(, n);
         int timeout;
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_TAB_COMPLETION
         smallint lastWasTab = 0;
@@ -2424,7 +2543,9 @@ int FAST_FUNC read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *comman
         smallint vi_cmdmode = 0;
 #endif
         struct termios initial_settings;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         struct termios new_settings;
+#endif
         char read_key_buffer[KEYCODE_BUFFER_SIZE];
 
         INIT_S();
@@ -2433,10 +2554,16 @@ int FAST_FUNC read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *comman
         cmdedit_termw = 80;
         IF_FEATURE_EDITING_VI(delptr = delbuf;)
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         n = get_termios_and_make_raw(STDIN_FILENO, &new_settings, &initial_settings, 0
                 | TERMIOS_CLEAR_ISIG /* turn off INTR (ctrl-C), QUIT, SUSP */
         );
         if (n != 0 || (initial_settings.c_lflag & (ECHO|ICANON)) == ICANON) {
+#else
+        initial_settings.c_cc[VINTR] = CTRL('C');
+        initial_settings.c_cc[VEOF] = CTRL('D');
+        if (!isatty(0) || !isatty(1)) {
+#endif
                 /* Happens when e.g. stty -echo was run before.
                  * But if ICANON is not set, we don't come here.
                  * (example: interactive python ^Z-backgrounded,
@@ -2488,7 +2615,9 @@ int FAST_FUNC read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *comman
 #endif
 #define command command_must_not_be_used
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         tcsetattr_stdin_TCSANOW(&new_settings);
+#endif
 
 #if 0
         for (i = 0; i <= state->max_history; i++)
@@ -2529,6 +2658,11 @@ int FAST_FUNC read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *comman
                 }
 #endif
                 ic = ic_raw = lineedit_read_key(read_key_buffer, timeout);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                /* scroll to cursor position on any keypress */
+                if (isatty(fileno(stdin)) && isatty(fileno(stdout)))
+                        move_cursor_row(0);
+#endif
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_REVERSE_SEARCH
  again:
@@ -2590,6 +2724,13 @@ int FAST_FUNC read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *comman
                         input_tab(&lastWasTab);
                         break;
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                case CTRL('Z'):
+                        command_ps[command_len] = '\0';
+                        bs_to_slash(command_ps);
+                        redraw(cmdedit_y, 0);
+                        break;
+#endif
                 case CTRL('K'):
                         /* Control-k -- clear to end of line */
                         command_ps[cursor] = BB_NUL;
@@ -2963,8 +3104,10 @@ int FAST_FUNC read_line_input(line_input_t *st, const char *prompt, char *comman
         free_tab_completion_data();
 #endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* restore initial_settings */
         tcsetattr_stdin_TCSANOW(&initial_settings);
+#endif
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_EDITING_WINCH
         /* restore SIGWINCH handler */
         sigaction_set(SIGWINCH, &S.SIGWINCH_handler);
diff --git a/libbb/make_directory.c b/libbb/make_directory.c
index 9b03bb8d0..e0fd486d8 100644
--- a/libbb/make_directory.c
+++ b/libbb/make_directory.c
@@ -49,11 +49,19 @@ int FAST_FUNC bb_make_directory(char *path, long mode, int flags)
         }
 
         org_mask = cur_mask = (mode_t)-1L;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        /* normalise path separators, path is already assumed writable */
+        bs_to_slash(path);
+#endif
         s = path;
         while (1) {
                 c = '\0';
 
                 if (flags & FILEUTILS_RECUR) {  /* Get the parent */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        if (s == path)
+                                s += root_len(path);
+#endif
                         /* Bypass leading non-'/'s and then subsequent '/'s */
                         while (*s) {
                                 if (*s == '/') {
diff --git a/libbb/messages.c b/libbb/messages.c
index 6914d5701..04863855a 100644
--- a/libbb/messages.c
+++ b/libbb/messages.c
@@ -27,7 +27,11 @@ const char bb_msg_standard_output[] ALIGN1 = "standard output";
 
 const char bb_hexdigits_upcase[] ALIGN1 = "0123456789ABCDEF";
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 const char bb_busybox_exec_path[] ALIGN1 = CONFIG_BUSYBOX_EXEC_PATH;
+#else
+const char bb_skip_ansi_emulation[] ALIGN1 = "BB_SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION";
+#endif
 const char bb_default_login_shell[] ALIGN1 = LIBBB_DEFAULT_LOGIN_SHELL;
 /* util-linux manpage says /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin,
  * but I want to save a few bytes here. Check libbb.h before changing! */
diff --git a/libbb/mode_string.c b/libbb/mode_string.c
index 52abe66f7..906c03964 100644
--- a/libbb/mode_string.c
+++ b/libbb/mode_string.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 /* Generate ls-style "mode string" like "-rwsr-xr-x" or "drwxrwxrwt" */
 
 #if ( S_IFSOCK!= 0140000 ) || ( S_IFLNK != 0120000 ) \
- || ( S_IFREG != 0100000 ) || ( S_IFBLK != 0060000 ) \
+ || ( S_IFREG != 0100000 ) || ( S_IFBLK != 0060000 && S_IFBLK != 0030000 ) \
  || ( S_IFDIR != 0040000 ) || ( S_IFCHR != 0020000 ) \
  || ( S_IFIFO != 0010000 )
 # warning mode type bitflag value assumption(s) violated! falling back to larger version
diff --git a/libbb/parse_config.c b/libbb/parse_config.c
index 8701b010c..f7a2b81b9 100644
--- a/libbb/parse_config.c
+++ b/libbb/parse_config.c
@@ -115,6 +115,10 @@ static int get_line_with_continuation(parser_t *parser)
                 parser->lineno++;
                 if (line[len - 1] == '\n')
                         len--;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (line[len - 1] == '\r')
+                        len--;
+#endif
                 if (len == 0 || line[len - 1] != '\\')
                         break;
                 len--;
diff --git a/libbb/printable_string.c b/libbb/printable_string.c
index a814fd03c..2e8895a4f 100644
--- a/libbb/printable_string.c
+++ b/libbb/printable_string.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const char* FAST_FUNC printable_string2(uni_stat_t *stats, const char *str)
                         unsigned char c = *d;
                         if (c == '\0')
                                 break;
-                        if (c < ' ' || c >= 0x7f)
+                        if (c < ' ' || (c >= 0x7f && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32))
                                 *d = '?';
                         d++;
                 }
diff --git a/libbb/procps.c b/libbb/procps.c
index f56b71b21..8c9cac125 100644
--- a/libbb/procps.c
+++ b/libbb/procps.c
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ const char* FAST_FUNC get_cached_groupname(gid_t gid)
         return get_cached(1, gid, gid2group_utoa);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 
 #define PROCPS_BUFSIZE 1024
 
@@ -618,6 +619,8 @@ void FAST_FUNC read_cmdline(char *buf, int col, unsigned pid, const char *comm)
         }
 }
 
+#endif  /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+
 /* from kernel:
         //             pid comm S ppid pgid sid tty_nr tty_pgrp flg
         sprintf(buffer,"%d (%s) %c %d  %d   %d  %d     %d       %lu %lu \
diff --git a/libbb/read_printf.c b/libbb/read_printf.c
index 0cd04ab7b..379dd2448 100644
--- a/libbb/read_printf.c
+++ b/libbb/read_printf.c
@@ -93,6 +93,11 @@ char* FAST_FUNC xmalloc_reads(int fd, size_t *maxsz_p)
                         break;
                 p++;
         }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if ( p != buf && *(p-1) == '\r' ) {
+                --p;
+        }
+#endif
         *p = '\0';
         if (maxsz_p)
                 *maxsz_p  = p - buf;
diff --git a/libbb/signals.c b/libbb/signals.c
index 0bebc847d..c09a562ed 100644
--- a/libbb/signals.c
+++ b/libbb/signals.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ void record_signo(int signo)
         bb_got_signal = signo;
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* Saves 2 bytes on x86! Oh my... */
 int FAST_FUNC sigaction_set(int signum, const struct sigaction *act)
 {
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC sigprocmask2(int how, sigset_t *set)
         oset = set;
         return sigprocmask(how, set, oset);
 }
+#endif
 
 void FAST_FUNC bb_signals(int sigs, void (*f)(int))
 {
diff --git a/libbb/time.c b/libbb/time.c
index f09ef5d52..e7c9fa65e 100644
--- a/libbb/time.c
+++ b/libbb/time.c
@@ -44,12 +44,21 @@ int FAST_FUNC parse_datestr(const char *date_str, struct tm *ptm)
         save = *ptm;
         fmt = fmt_str;
         while (*fmt) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ENABLE_FEATURE_TIMEZONE
+                long gmtoff;
+                endp = mingw_strptime(date_str, fmt, ptm, &gmtoff);
+#else
                 endp = strptime(date_str, fmt, ptm);
+#endif
                 if (endp && *endp == '\0') {
 # if ENABLE_FEATURE_TIMEZONE
                         if (strchr(fmt, 'z')) {
                                 /* we have timezone offset: obtain Unix time_t */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                ptm->tm_sec -= gmtoff;
+#else
                                 ptm->tm_sec -= ptm->tm_gmtoff;
+#endif
                                 ptm->tm_isdst = 0;
                                 t = timegm(ptm);
                                 if (t == (time_t)-1)
diff --git a/libbb/u_signal_names.c b/libbb/u_signal_names.c
index f7d598c7a..ef2b6f891 100644
--- a/libbb/u_signal_names.c
+++ b/libbb/u_signal_names.c
@@ -27,10 +27,23 @@
 
 #include "libbb.h"
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# undef SIGPIPE
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || defined(SIGSTKFLT) || defined(SIGVTALRM)
+# define SIGLEN 7
+#elif defined(SIGWINCH) || (ENABLE_FEATURE_RTMINMAX && \
+                !ENABLE_FEATURE_RTMINMAX_USE_LIBC_DEFINITIONS && defined(__SIGRTMIN))
+# define SIGLEN 6
+#else
+# define SIGLEN 5
+#endif
+
 /* Believe it or not, but some arches have more than 32 SIGs!
  * HPPA: SIGSTKFLT == 36. */
 
-static const char signals[][7] ALIGN1 = {
+static const char signals[][SIGLEN] ALIGN1 = {
         // SUSv3 says kill must support these, and specifies the numerical values,
         // http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/kill.html
         // {0, "EXIT"}, {1, "HUP"}, {2, "INT"}, {3, "QUIT"},
diff --git a/libbb/vfork_daemon_rexec.c b/libbb/vfork_daemon_rexec.c
index 31e97051f..151739ae2 100644
--- a/libbb/vfork_daemon_rexec.c
+++ b/libbb/vfork_daemon_rexec.c
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ void FAST_FUNC run_noexec_applet_and_exit(int a, const char *name, char **argv)
  * Higher-level code, hiding optional NOFORK/NOEXEC trickery.
  */
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* This does a fork/exec in one call, using vfork().  Returns PID of new child,
  * -1 for failure.  Runs argv[0], searching path if that has no / in it. */
 pid_t FAST_FUNC spawn(char **argv)
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ pid_t FAST_FUNC spawn(char **argv)
         }
         return pid;
 }
+#endif
 
 /* Die with an error message if we can't spawn a child process. */
 pid_t FAST_FUNC xspawn(char **argv)
@@ -232,6 +234,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC spawn_and_wait(char **argv)
                 if (APPLET_IS_NOFORK(a))
                         return run_nofork_applet(a, argv);
 # if BB_MMU /* NOEXEC needs fork(), thus this is done only on MMU machines: */
+#  if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 /* and then only if not on Microsoft Windows */
                 if (APPLET_IS_NOEXEC(a)) {
                         fflush_all();
                         rc = fork();
@@ -241,6 +244,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC spawn_and_wait(char **argv)
                         /* child */
                         run_noexec_applet_and_exit(a, argv[0], argv);
                 }
+#  endif
 # endif
         }
 #endif
@@ -248,6 +252,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC spawn_and_wait(char **argv)
         return wait4pid(rc);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #if !BB_MMU
 void FAST_FUNC re_exec(char **argv)
 {
@@ -335,3 +340,4 @@ void FAST_FUNC bb_sanitize_stdio(void)
 {
         bb_daemonize_or_rexec(DAEMON_ONLY_SANITIZE, NULL);
 }
+#endif /* !MINGW32 */
diff --git a/libbb/xatonum_template.c b/libbb/xatonum_template.c
index e0471983c..0d5d35b47 100644
--- a/libbb/xatonum_template.c
+++ b/libbb/xatonum_template.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ unsigned type FAST_FUNC xstrtou(_range_sfx)(const char *numstr, int base,
         if (r >= lower && r <= upper)
                 return r;
  range:
-        bb_error_msg_and_die("number %s is not in %llu..%llu range",
+        bb_error_msg_and_die("number %s is not in %"LL_FMT"u..%"LL_FMT"u range",
                 numstr, (unsigned long long)lower,
                 (unsigned long long)upper);
  inval:
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ type FAST_FUNC xstrto(_range_sfx)(const char *numstr, int base,
         }
 
         if (r < lower || r > upper) {
-                bb_error_msg_and_die("number %s is not in %lld..%lld range",
+                bb_error_msg_and_die("number %s is not in "
+                                "%"LL_FMT"d..%"LL_FMT"d range",
                                 numstr, (long long)lower, (long long)upper);
         }
 
diff --git a/libbb/xconnect.c b/libbb/xconnect.c
index 0e0b247b8..65b1cb8de 100644
--- a/libbb/xconnect.c
+++ b/libbb/xconnect.c
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC setsockopt_bindtodevice(int fd UNUSED_PARAM,
 }
 #endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static len_and_sockaddr* get_lsa(int fd, int (*get_name)(int fd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen))
 {
         len_and_sockaddr lsa;
@@ -99,16 +100,17 @@ len_and_sockaddr* FAST_FUNC get_peer_lsa(int fd)
 {
         return get_lsa(fd, getpeername);
 }
+#endif
 
-void FAST_FUNC xconnect(int s, const struct sockaddr *s_addr, socklen_t addrlen)
+void FAST_FUNC xconnect(int s, const struct sockaddr *saddr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
-        if (connect(s, s_addr, addrlen) < 0) {
+        if (connect(s, saddr, addrlen) < 0) {
                 if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP)
                         close(s);
-                if (s_addr->sa_family == AF_INET)
+                if (saddr->sa_family == AF_INET)
                         bb_perror_msg_and_die("%s (%s)",
                                 "can't connect to remote host",
-                                inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)s_addr)->sin_addr));
+                                inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)saddr)->sin_addr));
                 bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("can't connect to remote host");
         }
 }
@@ -348,6 +350,10 @@ int FAST_FUNC xsocket_type(len_and_sockaddr **lsap, int family, int sock_type)
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
                 fd = socket(AF_INET6, sock_type, 0);
                 if (fd >= 0) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        DWORD buffer = 0;
+                        setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &buffer, sizeof(DWORD));
+#endif
                         family = AF_INET6;
                         goto done;
                 }
diff --git a/libbb/xfuncs.c b/libbb/xfuncs.c
index c40dcb706..102b5a227 100644
--- a/libbb/xfuncs.c
+++ b/libbb/xfuncs.c
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC get_terminal_width_height(int fd, unsigned *width, unsigned *heigh
         int err;
         int close_me = -1;
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (fd == -1) {
                 if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
                         fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
@@ -280,6 +281,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC get_terminal_width_height(int fd, unsigned *width, unsigned *heigh
                 else
                         close_me = fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDONLY);
         }
+#endif
 
         win.ws_row = 0;
         win.ws_col = 0;
@@ -309,6 +311,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC is_TERM_dumb(void)
         return term && strcmp(term, "dumb") == 0;
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 int FAST_FUNC tcsetattr_stdin_TCSANOW(const struct termios *tp)
 {
         return tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, tp);
@@ -389,6 +392,7 @@ int FAST_FUNC set_termios_to_raw(int fd, struct termios *oldterm, int flags)
         get_termios_and_make_raw(fd, &newterm, oldterm, flags);
         return tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &newterm);
 }
+#endif
 
 pid_t FAST_FUNC safe_waitpid(pid_t pid, int *wstat, int options)
 {
diff --git a/libbb/xfuncs_printf.c b/libbb/xfuncs_printf.c
index d29acebcd..d7d8b1092 100644
--- a/libbb/xfuncs_printf.c
+++ b/libbb/xfuncs_printf.c
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ void* FAST_FUNC xmemdup(const void *s, int n)
         return memcpy(xmalloc(n), s, n);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 void* FAST_FUNC mmap_read(int fd, size_t size)
 {
         return mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ void* FAST_FUNC xmmap_anon(size_t size)
                 bb_die_memory_exhausted();
         return p;
 }
+#endif
 
 // Die if we can't open a file and return a FILE* to it.
 // Notice we haven't got xfread(), This is for use with fscanf() and friends.
@@ -497,6 +499,7 @@ void FAST_FUNC xlisten(int s, int backlog)
         if (listen(s, backlog)) bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("listen");
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* Die with an error message if sendto failed.
  * Return bytes sent otherwise  */
 ssize_t FAST_FUNC xsendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, const struct sockaddr *to,
@@ -510,6 +513,7 @@ ssize_t FAST_FUNC xsendto(int s, const void *buf, size_t len, const struct socka
         }
         return ret;
 }
+#endif
 
 // xstat() - a stat() which dies on failure with meaningful error message
 void FAST_FUNC xstat(const char *name, struct stat *stat_buf)
@@ -543,6 +547,7 @@ void FAST_FUNC selinux_or_die(void)
 /* not defined, other code must have no calls to it */
 #endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 int FAST_FUNC ioctl_or_perror_and_die(int fd, unsigned request, void *argp, const char *fmt,...)
 {
         int ret;
@@ -707,6 +712,7 @@ void FAST_FUNC xvfork_parent_waits_and_exits(void)
         }
         /* Child continues */
 }
+#endif /* !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
 
 // Useful when we do know that pid is valid, and we just want to wait
 // for it to exit. Not existing pid is fatal. waitpid() status is not returned.
@@ -720,11 +726,13 @@ int FAST_FUNC wait_for_exitstatus(pid_t pid)
         return exit_status;
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 void FAST_FUNC xsettimeofday(const struct timeval *tv)
 {
         if (settimeofday(tv, NULL))
                 bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("settimeofday");
 }
+#endif
 
 void FAST_FUNC xgettimeofday(struct timeval *tv)
 {
diff --git a/libbb/xreadlink.c b/libbb/xreadlink.c
index 2682f6975..e6cf90310 100644
--- a/libbb/xreadlink.c
+++ b/libbb/xreadlink.c
@@ -64,19 +64,26 @@ char* FAST_FUNC xmalloc_follow_symlinks(const char *path)
                 linkpath = xmalloc_readlink(buf);
                 if (!linkpath) {
                         /* not a symlink, or doesn't exist */
-                        if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOENT)
+                        if (errno == EINVAL || errno == ENOENT || (ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && errno == ENOSYS))
                                 return buf;
                         goto free_buf_ret_null;
                 }
 
                 if (!--looping) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        errno = ELOOP;
+#endif
                         free(linkpath);
  free_buf_ret_null:
                         free(buf);
                         return NULL;
                 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (is_relative_path(linkpath)) {
+#else
                 if (*linkpath != '/') {
+#endif
                         bufsize += strlen(linkpath);
                         buf = xrealloc(buf, bufsize);
                         lpc = bb_get_last_path_component_strip(buf);
@@ -149,7 +156,11 @@ char* FAST_FUNC xmalloc_realpath_coreutils(char *path)
                          * $ realpath symlink
                          * /usr/bin/qwe
                          */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        if (is_relative_path(target)) {
+#else
                         if (target[0] != '/') {
+#endif
                                 /*
                                  * $ ln -s target_does_not_exist symlink
                                  * $ readlink -f symlink
@@ -168,6 +179,35 @@ char* FAST_FUNC xmalloc_realpath_coreutils(char *path)
                         return buf;
                 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                /* ignore leading and trailing slashes */
+                /* but keep leading slashes of UNC path */
+                if (!is_unc_path(path)) {
+                        while (is_dir_sep(path[0]) && is_dir_sep(path[1]))
+                                ++path;
+                }
+                i = strlen(path) - 1;
+                while (i > 0 && is_dir_sep(path[i]))
+                        i--;
+                c = path[i + 1];
+                path[i + 1] = '\0';
+
+                last_slash = get_last_slash(path);
+                if (last_slash == path + root_len(path))
+                        buf = xstrdup(path);
+                else if (last_slash) {
+                        char c2 = *last_slash;
+                        *last_slash = '\0';
+                        buf = xmalloc_realpath(path);
+                        *last_slash++ = c2;
+                        if (buf) {
+                                unsigned len = strlen(buf);
+                                buf = xrealloc(buf, len + strlen(last_slash) + 2);
+                                buf[len++] = c2;
+                                strcpy(buf + len, last_slash);
+                        }
+                }
+#else
                 /* ignore leading and trailing slashes */
                 while (path[0] == '/' && path[1] == '/')
                         ++path;
@@ -191,6 +231,7 @@ char* FAST_FUNC xmalloc_realpath_coreutils(char *path)
                                 strcpy(buf + len, last_slash);
                         }
                 }
+#endif
                 path[i + 1] = c;
         }
 
diff --git a/loginutils/su.c b/loginutils/su.c
index e1db7590f..647c97fb1 100644
--- a/loginutils/su.c
+++ b/loginutils/su.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 //config:       bool "su (19 kb)"
 //config:       default y
 //config:       select FEATURE_SYSLOG
+//config:       depends on PLATFORM_POSIX
 //config:       help
 //config:       su is used to become another user during a login session.
 //config:       Invoked without a username, su defaults to becoming the super user.
diff --git a/loginutils/suw32.c b/loginutils/suw32.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3500c08db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/loginutils/suw32.c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
+/*
+ * Mini su implementation for busybox-w32
+ *
+ * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
+ */
+//config:config SUW32
+//config:       bool "su for Microsoft Windows"
+//config:       default y
+//config:       depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ASH
+//config:       help
+//config:       su runs a shell with elevated privileges.
+
+//applet:IF_SUW32(APPLET_ODDNAME(su, suw32, BB_DIR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP, suw32))
+
+//kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_SUW32) += suw32.o
+
+//usage:#define suw32_trivial_usage
+//usage:       "[-c \"CMD\"]"
+//usage:#define suw32_full_usage "\n\n"
+//usage:       "Run shell with elevated privileges\n"
+//usage:     "\n    -c CMD  Command to pass to 'sh -c'"
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include "lazyload.h"
+
+int suw32_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
+int suw32_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
+{
+        char *opt_command = NULL;
+        SHELLEXECUTEINFO info;
+        char *bb_path, *cwd;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, ShellExecuteExA, SHELLEXECUTEINFOA *);
+
+        getopt32(argv, "c:", &opt_command);
+        if (argv[optind])
+                bb_show_usage();
+
+        /* ShellExecuteEx() needs backslash as separator in UNC paths. */
+        bb_path = xstrdup(bb_busybox_exec_path);
+        slash_to_bs(bb_path);
+
+        memset(&info, 0, sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO));
+        info.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFO);
+        /* info.fMask = SEE_MASK_DEFAULT; */
+        /* info.hwnd = NULL; */
+        info.lpVerb = "runas";
+        info.lpFile = bb_path;
+        /*
+         * It seems that when ShellExecuteEx() runs binaries residing in
+         * certain 'system' directories it sets the current directory of
+         * the process to %SYSTEMROOT%\System32.  Override this by passing
+         * the directory we want to the shell.
+         *
+         * Canonicalise the directory now:  if it's in a drive mapped to
+         * a network share it may not be available once we have elevated
+         * privileges.
+         */
+        cwd = xmalloc_realpath(getcwd(NULL, 0));
+        info.lpParameters =
+                xasprintf("--busybox ash -d \"%s\" -t \"BusyBox ash (Admin)\" ", cwd);
+        if (opt_command)
+                info.lpParameters =
+                        xasprintf("%s -s -c \"%s\"", info.lpParameters, opt_command);
+        /* info.lpDirectory = NULL; */
+        info.nShow = SW_SHOWNORMAL;
+
+        if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(shell32.dll, ShellExecuteExA))
+                return -1;
+
+        return !ShellExecuteExA(&info);
+}
diff --git a/miscutils/bbconfig.c b/miscutils/bbconfig.c
index fe02516a8..077e03c5d 100644
--- a/miscutils/bbconfig.c
+++ b/miscutils/bbconfig.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "bbconfigopts.h"
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_COMPRESS_BBCONFIG
+#define BB_ARCHIVE_PUBLIC
 # include "bb_archive.h"
 # include "bbconfigopts_bz2.h"
 #endif
diff --git a/miscutils/bc.c b/miscutils/bc.c
index ae370ff55..e3f7573c9 100644
--- a/miscutils/bc.c
+++ b/miscutils/bc.c
@@ -7464,6 +7464,17 @@ static unsigned xc_vm_envLen(const char *var)
         return len;
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ENABLE_FEATURE_BC_INTERACTIVE
+static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_handler(DWORD dwCtrlType)
+{
+        if (dwCtrlType == CTRL_C_EVENT || dwCtrlType == CTRL_BREAK_EVENT) {
+                bb_got_signal = SIGINT;
+                return TRUE;
+        }
+        return FALSE;
+}
+#endif
+
 static int xc_vm_init(const char *env_len)
 {
         G.prog.len = xc_vm_envLen(env_len);
@@ -7489,7 +7500,11 @@ static int xc_vm_init(const char *env_len)
                 // from stdin is not interrupted by ^C either,
                 // it restarts, thus fgetc() does not return on ^C.
                 // (This problem manifests only if line editing is disabled)
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 signal_SA_RESTART_empty_mask(SIGINT, record_signo);
+# else
+                SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_handler, TRUE);
+# endif
 
                 // Without SA_RESTART, this exhibits a bug:
                 // "while (1) print 1" and try ^C-ing it.
diff --git a/miscutils/dc.c b/miscutils/dc.c
index 42baa67ad..d6369fd15 100644
--- a/miscutils/dc.c
+++ b/miscutils/dc.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ typedef unsigned long data_t;
 #define DATA_FMT "l"
 #else
 typedef unsigned long long data_t;
-#define DATA_FMT "ll"
+#define DATA_FMT LL_FMT
 #endif
 
 struct globals {
diff --git a/miscutils/iconv.c b/miscutils/iconv.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec3c0c92d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/miscutils/iconv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1761 @@
+/*
+ * iconv implementation using Win32 API to convert.
+ *
+ * This file is placed in the public domain.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This code was obtained from:
+ *
+ *    https://github.com/win-iconv/win-iconv
+ *
+ * Modified for busybox-w32 by Ronald M Yorston.  These modifications
+ * are also dedicated to the public domain.
+ */
+
+//config:config ICONV
+//config:   bool "iconv (11.4 kb)"
+//config:   default y
+//config:   depends on PLATFORM_MINGW32
+//config:   help
+//config:   'iconv' converts text between character encodings.
+
+//applet:IF_ICONV(APPLET(iconv, BB_DIR_USR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP))
+
+//kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_ICONV) += iconv.o
+
+//usage:#define iconv_trivial_usage
+//usage:       "[-lc] [-o outfile] [-f from-enc] [-t to-enc] [FILE]..."
+//usage:#define iconv_full_usage "\n\n"
+//usage:       "Convert text between character encodings\n"
+//usage:     "\n    -l  List all known character encodings"
+//usage:     "\n    -c  Silently discard characters that cannot be converted"
+//usage:     "\n    -o  Use outfile for output"
+//usage:     "\n    -f  Use from-enc for input characters"
+//usage:     "\n    -t  Use to-enc for output characters"
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+/* WORKAROUND: */
+#define GetProcAddressA GetProcAddress
+
+#define MB_CHAR_MAX 16
+
+#define UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE   1
+#define UNICODE_MODE_SWAPPED    2
+
+#define FLAG_USE_BOM            1
+#define FLAG_TRANSLIT           2 /* //TRANSLIT */
+#define FLAG_IGNORE             4 /* //IGNORE */
+
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+typedef unsigned short ushort;
+typedef unsigned int uint;
+
+typedef void* iconv_t;
+
+static iconv_t iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode);
+static int iconv_close(iconv_t cd);
+static size_t iconv(iconv_t cd, const char **inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft, char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft);
+
+typedef struct compat_t compat_t;
+typedef struct csconv_t csconv_t;
+typedef struct rec_iconv_t rec_iconv_t;
+
+typedef int (*f_mbtowc)(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize);
+typedef int (*f_wctomb)(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+typedef int (*f_mblen)(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+typedef int (*f_flush)(csconv_t *cv, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+
+#define COMPAT_IN   1
+#define COMPAT_OUT  2
+
+/* unicode mapping for compatibility with other conversion table. */
+struct compat_t {
+        uint in;
+        uint out;
+        uint flag;
+};
+
+struct csconv_t {
+        int codepage;
+        int flags;
+        f_mbtowc mbtowc;
+        f_wctomb wctomb;
+        f_mblen mblen;
+        f_flush flush;
+        DWORD mode;
+        compat_t *compat;
+};
+
+struct rec_iconv_t {
+        iconv_t cd;
+        csconv_t from;
+        csconv_t to;
+};
+
+static int load_mlang(void);
+static int make_csconv(const char *name, csconv_t *cv);
+static int name_to_codepage(const char *name);
+static uint utf16_to_ucs4(const ushort *wbuf);
+static void ucs4_to_utf16(uint wc, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize);
+static int mbtowc_flags(int codepage);
+static int must_use_null_useddefaultchar(int codepage);
+static int seterror(int err);
+
+static int sbcs_mblen(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int dbcs_mblen(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int mbcs_mblen(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int utf8_mblen(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int eucjp_mblen(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+
+static int kernel_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize);
+static int kernel_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int mlang_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize);
+static int mlang_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int utf16_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize);
+static int utf16_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int utf32_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize);
+static int utf32_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int iso2022jp_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize);
+static int iso2022jp_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+static int iso2022jp_flush(csconv_t *cv, uchar *buf, int bufsize);
+
+#define CP_ALIAS_LIST \
+        CP_ALIAS(65001, "CP65001") \
+        CP_ALIAS(65001, "UTF8") \
+        CP_ALIAS(65001, "UTF-8") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "CP1200") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UTF16LE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UTF-16LE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UCS2LE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UCS-2LE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UCS-2-INTERNAL") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1201, "CP1201") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1201, "UTF16BE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1201, "UTF-16BE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1201, "UCS2BE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1201, "UCS-2BE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1201, "unicodeFFFE") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "CP12000") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UTF32LE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UTF-32LE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UCS4LE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UCS-4LE") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(12001, "CP12001") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12001, "UTF32BE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12001, "UTF-32BE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12001, "UCS4BE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12001, "UCS-4BE") \
+\
+        /* Default is little endian, because the platform is */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UTF16") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UTF-16") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UCS2") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1200, "UCS-2") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UTF32") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UTF-32") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UCS4") \
+        CP_ALIAS(12000, "UCS-4") \
+\
+        /* copy from libiconv `iconv -l` */ \
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(367) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "ANSI_X3.4-1968") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "ANSI_X3.4-1986") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "ASCII") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "CP367") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "IBM367") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "ISO-IR-6") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "ISO646-US") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "ISO_646.IRV:1991") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "US") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "US-ASCII") \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "CSASCII") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(819) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1252, "CP819") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1252, "IBM819") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "ISO-8859-1") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "ISO-IR-100") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "ISO8859-1") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "ISO_8859-1") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "ISO_8859-1:1987") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "L1") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "LATIN1") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "CSISOLATIN1") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1250, "CP1250") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1250, "MS-EE") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1250, "WINDOWS-1250") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1251, "CP1251") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1251, "MS-CYRL") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1251, "WINDOWS-1251") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1252, "CP1252") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1252, "MS-ANSI") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1252, "WINDOWS-1252") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1253, "CP1253") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1253, "MS-GREEK") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1253, "WINDOWS-1253") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1254, "CP1254") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1254, "MS-TURK") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1254, "WINDOWS-1254") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1255, "CP1255") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1255, "MS-HEBR") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1255, "WINDOWS-1255") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1256, "CP1256") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1256, "MS-ARAB") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1256, "WINDOWS-1256") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1257, "CP1257") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1257, "WINBALTRIM") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1257, "WINDOWS-1257") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1258, "CP1258") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1258, "WINDOWS-1258") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(850, "850") \
+        CP_ALIAS(850, "CP850") \
+        CP_ALIAS(850, "IBM850") \
+        CP_ALIAS(850, "CSPC850MULTILINGUAL") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(862) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(862, "862") \
+        CP_ALIAS(862, "CP862") \
+        CP_ALIAS(862, "IBM862") \
+        CP_ALIAS(862, "CSPC862LATINHEBREW") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(866, "866") \
+        CP_ALIAS(866, "CP866") \
+        CP_ALIAS(866, "IBM866") \
+        CP_ALIAS(866, "CSIBM866") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(154) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(154, "CP154") \
+        CP_ALIAS(154, "CYRILLIC-ASIAN") \
+        CP_ALIAS(154, "PT154") \
+        CP_ALIAS(154, "PTCP154") \
+        CP_ALIAS(154, "CSPTCP154") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(1133) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1133, "CP1133") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1133, "IBM-CP1133") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(874, "CP874") \
+        CP_ALIAS(874, "WINDOWS-874") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(51932) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(51932, "CP51932") \
+        CP_ALIAS(51932, "MS51932") \
+        CP_ALIAS(51932, "WINDOWS-51932") \
+        CP_ALIAS(51932, "EUC-JP") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "CP932") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "MS932") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "SHIFFT_JIS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "SHIFFT_JIS-MS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "SJIS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "SJIS-MS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "SJIS-OPEN") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "SJIS-WIN") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "WINDOWS-31J") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "WINDOWS-932") \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "CSWINDOWS31J") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "CP50221") \
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "ISO-2022-JP") \
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "ISO-2022-JP-MS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "ISO2022-JP") \
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "ISO2022-JP-MS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "MS50221") \
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "WINDOWS-50221") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(936, "CP936") \
+        CP_ALIAS(936, "GBK") \
+        CP_ALIAS(936, "MS936") \
+        CP_ALIAS(936, "WINDOWS-936") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(950, "CP950") \
+        CP_ALIAS(950, "BIG5") \
+        CP_ALIAS(950, "BIG5HKSCS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(950, "BIG5-HKSCS") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(949, "CP949") \
+        CP_ALIAS(949, "UHC") \
+        CP_ALIAS(949, "EUC-KR") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(1361, "CP1361") \
+        CP_ALIAS(1361, "JOHAB") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(437, "437") \
+        CP_ALIAS(437, "CP437") \
+        CP_ALIAS(437, "IBM437") \
+        CP_ALIAS(437, "CSPC8CODEPAGE437") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(737, "CP737") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(775, "CP775") \
+        CP_ALIAS(775, "IBM775") \
+        CP_ALIAS(775, "CSPC775BALTIC") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(852, "852") \
+        CP_ALIAS(852, "CP852") \
+        CP_ALIAS(852, "IBM852") \
+        CP_ALIAS(852, "CSPCP852") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(853) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(853, "CP853") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(855, "855") \
+        CP_ALIAS(855, "CP855") \
+        CP_ALIAS(855, "IBM855") \
+        CP_ALIAS(855, "CSIBM855") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(857, "857") \
+        CP_ALIAS(857, "CP857") \
+        CP_ALIAS(857, "IBM857") \
+        CP_ALIAS(857, "CSIBM857") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(858) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(858, "CP858") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(860, "860") \
+        CP_ALIAS(860, "CP860") \
+        CP_ALIAS(860, "IBM860") \
+        CP_ALIAS(860, "CSIBM860") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(861, "861") \
+        CP_ALIAS(861, "CP-IS") \
+        CP_ALIAS(861, "CP861") \
+        CP_ALIAS(861, "IBM861") \
+        CP_ALIAS(861, "CSIBM861") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(863, "863") \
+        CP_ALIAS(863, "CP863") \
+        CP_ALIAS(863, "IBM863") \
+        CP_ALIAS(863, "CSIBM863") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(864, "CP864") \
+        CP_ALIAS(864, "IBM864") \
+        CP_ALIAS(864, "CSIBM864") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(865, "865") \
+        CP_ALIAS(865, "CP865") \
+        CP_ALIAS(865, "IBM865") \
+        CP_ALIAS(865, "CSIBM865") \
+\
+        CP_ALIAS(869, "869") \
+        CP_ALIAS(869, "CP-GR") \
+        CP_ALIAS(869, "CP869") \
+        CP_ALIAS(869, "IBM869") \
+        CP_ALIAS(869, "CSIBM869") \
+\
+        /* !IsValidCodePage(1152) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1125, "CP1125") \
+\
+        /* \
+         * Code Page Identifiers \
+         * http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms776446.aspx \
+         */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(37, "IBM037") /* IBM EBCDIC US-Canada */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(437, "IBM437") /* OEM United States */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(500, "IBM500") /* IBM EBCDIC International */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(708, "ASMO-708") /* Arabic (ASMO 708) */ \
+        /* 709          Arabic (ASMO-449+, BCON V4) */ \
+        /* 710          Arabic - Transparent Arabic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(720, "DOS-720") /* Arabic (Transparent ASMO); Arabic (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(737, "ibm737") /* OEM Greek (formerly 437G); Greek (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(775, "ibm775") /* OEM Baltic; Baltic (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(850, "ibm850") /* OEM Multilingual Latin 1; Western European (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(852, "ibm852") /* OEM Latin 2; Central European (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(855, "IBM855") /* OEM Cyrillic (primarily Russian) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(857, "ibm857") /* OEM Turkish; Turkish (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(858, "IBM00858") /* OEM Multilingual Latin 1 + Euro symbol */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(860, "IBM860") /* OEM Portuguese; Portuguese (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(861, "ibm861") /* OEM Icelandic; Icelandic (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(862, "DOS-862") /* OEM Hebrew; Hebrew (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(863, "IBM863") /* OEM French Canadian; French Canadian (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(864, "IBM864") /* OEM Arabic; Arabic (864) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(865, "IBM865") /* OEM Nordic; Nordic (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(866, "cp866") /* OEM Russian; Cyrillic (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(869, "ibm869") /* OEM Modern Greek; Greek, Modern (DOS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(870, "IBM870") /* IBM EBCDIC Multilingual/ROECE (Latin 2); IBM EBCDIC Multilingual Latin 2 */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(874, "windows-874") /* ANSI/OEM Thai (same as 28605, ISO 8859-15); Thai (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(875, "cp875") /* IBM EBCDIC Greek Modern */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "shift_jis") /* ANSI/OEM Japanese; Japanese (Shift-JIS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(932, "shift-jis") /* alternative name for it */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(936, "gb2312") /* ANSI/OEM Simplified Chinese (PRC, Singapore); Chinese Simplified (GB2312) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(949, "ks_c_5601-1987") /* ANSI/OEM Korean (Unified Hangul Code) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(950, "big5") /* ANSI/OEM Traditional Chinese (Taiwan; Hong Kong SAR, PRC); Chinese Traditional (Big5) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(950, "big5hkscs") /* ANSI/OEM Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong SAR); Chinese Traditional (Big5-HKSCS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(950, "big5-hkscs") /* alternative name for it */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1026, "IBM1026") /* IBM EBCDIC Turkish (Latin 5) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1047, "IBM01047") /* IBM EBCDIC Latin 1/Open System */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1140, "IBM01140") /* IBM EBCDIC US-Canada (037 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (US-Canada-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1141, "IBM01141") /* IBM EBCDIC Germany (20273 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Germany-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1142, "IBM01142") /* IBM EBCDIC Denmark-Norway (20277 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Denmark-Norway-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1143, "IBM01143") /* IBM EBCDIC Finland-Sweden (20278 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Finland-Sweden-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1144, "IBM01144") /* IBM EBCDIC Italy (20280 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Italy-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1145, "IBM01145") /* IBM EBCDIC Latin America-Spain (20284 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Spain-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1146, "IBM01146") /* IBM EBCDIC United Kingdom (20285 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (UK-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1147, "IBM01147") /* IBM EBCDIC France (20297 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (France-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1148, "IBM01148") /* IBM EBCDIC International (500 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (International-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1149, "IBM01149") /* IBM EBCDIC Icelandic (20871 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Icelandic-Euro) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1250, "windows-1250") /* ANSI Central European; Central European (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1251, "windows-1251") /* ANSI Cyrillic; Cyrillic (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1252, "windows-1252") /* ANSI Latin 1; Western European (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1253, "windows-1253") /* ANSI Greek; Greek (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1254, "windows-1254") /* ANSI Turkish; Turkish (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1255, "windows-1255") /* ANSI Hebrew; Hebrew (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1256, "windows-1256") /* ANSI Arabic; Arabic (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1257, "windows-1257") /* ANSI Baltic; Baltic (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1258, "windows-1258") /* ANSI/OEM Vietnamese; Vietnamese (Windows) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(1361, "Johab") /* Korean (Johab) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10000, "macintosh") /* MAC Roman; Western European (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10001, "x-mac-japanese") /* Japanese (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10002, "x-mac-chinesetrad") /* MAC Traditional Chinese (Big5); Chinese Traditional (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10003, "x-mac-korean") /* Korean (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10004, "x-mac-arabic") /* Arabic (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10005, "x-mac-hebrew") /* Hebrew (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10006, "x-mac-greek") /* Greek (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10007, "x-mac-cyrillic") /* Cyrillic (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10008, "x-mac-chinesesimp") /* MAC Simplified Chinese (GB 2312); Chinese Simplified (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10010, "x-mac-romanian") /* Romanian (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10017, "x-mac-ukrainian") /* Ukrainian (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10021, "x-mac-thai") /* Thai (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10029, "x-mac-ce") /* MAC Latin 2; Central European (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10079, "x-mac-icelandic") /* Icelandic (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10081, "x-mac-turkish") /* Turkish (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(10082, "x-mac-croatian") /* Croatian (Mac) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20000, "x-Chinese_CNS") /* CNS Taiwan; Chinese Traditional (CNS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20001, "x-cp20001") /* TCA Taiwan */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20002, "x_Chinese-Eten") /* Eten Taiwan; Chinese Traditional (Eten) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20003, "x-cp20003") /* IBM5550 Taiwan */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20004, "x-cp20004") /* TeleText Taiwan */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20005, "x-cp20005") /* Wang Taiwan */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20105, "x-IA5") /* IA5 (IRV International Alphabet No. 5, 7-bit); Western European (IA5) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20106, "x-IA5-German") /* IA5 German (7-bit) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20107, "x-IA5-Swedish") /* IA5 Swedish (7-bit) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20108, "x-IA5-Norwegian") /* IA5 Norwegian (7-bit) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20127, "us-ascii") /* US-ASCII (7-bit) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20261, "x-cp20261") /* T.61 */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20269, "x-cp20269") /* ISO 6937 Non-Spacing Accent */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20273, "IBM273") /* IBM EBCDIC Germany */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20277, "IBM277") /* IBM EBCDIC Denmark-Norway */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20278, "IBM278") /* IBM EBCDIC Finland-Sweden */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20280, "IBM280") /* IBM EBCDIC Italy */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20284, "IBM284") /* IBM EBCDIC Latin America-Spain */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20285, "IBM285") /* IBM EBCDIC United Kingdom */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20290, "IBM290") /* IBM EBCDIC Japanese Katakana Extended */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20297, "IBM297") /* IBM EBCDIC France */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20420, "IBM420") /* IBM EBCDIC Arabic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20423, "IBM423") /* IBM EBCDIC Greek */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20424, "IBM424") /* IBM EBCDIC Hebrew */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20833, "x-EBCDIC-KoreanExtended") /* IBM EBCDIC Korean Extended */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20838, "IBM-Thai") /* IBM EBCDIC Thai */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20866, "koi8-r") /* Russian (KOI8-R); Cyrillic (KOI8-R) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20871, "IBM871") /* IBM EBCDIC Icelandic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20880, "IBM880") /* IBM EBCDIC Cyrillic Russian */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20905, "IBM905") /* IBM EBCDIC Turkish */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20924, "IBM00924") /* IBM EBCDIC Latin 1/Open System (1047 + Euro symbol) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20932, "EUC-JP") /* Japanese (JIS 0208-1990 and 0121-1990) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20936, "x-cp20936") /* Simplified Chinese (GB2312); Chinese Simplified (GB2312-80) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(20949, "x-cp20949") /* Korean Wansung */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(21025, "cp1025") /* IBM EBCDIC Cyrillic Serbian-Bulgarian */ \
+        /* 21027                (deprecated) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(21866, "koi8-u") /* Ukrainian (KOI8-U); Cyrillic (KOI8-U) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "iso-8859-1") /* ISO 8859-1 Latin 1; Western European (ISO) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "iso8859-1") /* ISO 8859-1 Latin 1; Western European (ISO) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "iso_8859-1") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28591, "iso_8859_1") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28592, "iso-8859-2") /* ISO 8859-2 Central European; Central European (ISO) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28592, "iso8859-2") /* ISO 8859-2 Central European; Central European (ISO) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28592, "iso_8859-2") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28592, "iso_8859_2") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28593, "iso-8859-3") /* ISO 8859-3 Latin 3 */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28593, "iso8859-3") /* ISO 8859-3 Latin 3 */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28593, "iso_8859-3") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28593, "iso_8859_3") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28594, "iso-8859-4") /* ISO 8859-4 Baltic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28594, "iso8859-4") /* ISO 8859-4 Baltic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28594, "iso_8859-4") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28594, "iso_8859_4") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28595, "iso-8859-5") /* ISO 8859-5 Cyrillic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28595, "iso8859-5") /* ISO 8859-5 Cyrillic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28595, "iso_8859-5") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28595, "iso_8859_5") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28596, "iso-8859-6") /* ISO 8859-6 Arabic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28596, "iso8859-6") /* ISO 8859-6 Arabic */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28596, "iso_8859-6") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28596, "iso_8859_6") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28597, "iso-8859-7") /* ISO 8859-7 Greek */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28597, "iso8859-7") /* ISO 8859-7 Greek */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28597, "iso_8859-7") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28597, "iso_8859_7") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28598, "iso-8859-8") /* ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Visual) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28598, "iso8859-8") /* ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Visual) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28598, "iso_8859-8") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28598, "iso_8859_8") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28599, "iso-8859-9") /* ISO 8859-9 Turkish */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28599, "iso8859-9") /* ISO 8859-9 Turkish */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28599, "iso_8859-9") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28599, "iso_8859_9") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28603, "iso-8859-13") /* ISO 8859-13 Estonian */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28603, "iso8859-13") /* ISO 8859-13 Estonian */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28603, "iso_8859-13") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28603, "iso_8859_13") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28605, "iso-8859-15") /* ISO 8859-15 Latin 9 */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28605, "iso8859-15") /* ISO 8859-15 Latin 9 */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(28605, "iso_8859-15") \
+        CP_ALIAS(28605, "iso_8859_15") \
+        CP_ALIAS(29001, "x-Europa") /* Europa 3 */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(38598, "iso-8859-8-i") /* ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Logical) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(38598, "iso8859-8-i") /* ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Logical) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(38598, "iso_8859-8-i") \
+        CP_ALIAS(38598, "iso_8859_8-i") \
+        CP_ALIAS(50220, "iso-2022-jp") /* ISO 2022 Japanese with no halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(50221, "csISO2022JP") /* ISO 2022 Japanese with halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(50222, "iso-2022-jp") /* ISO 2022 Japanese JIS X 0201-1989; Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana - SO/SI) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(50225, "iso-2022-kr") /* ISO 2022 Korean */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(50225, "iso2022-kr") /* ISO 2022 Korean */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(50227, "x-cp50227") /* ISO 2022 Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (ISO 2022) */ \
+        /* 50229                ISO 2022 Traditional Chinese */ \
+        /* 50930                EBCDIC Japanese (Katakana) Extended */ \
+        /* 50931                EBCDIC US-Canada and Japanese */ \
+        /* 50933                EBCDIC Korean Extended and Korean */ \
+        /* 50935                EBCDIC Simplified Chinese Extended and Simplified Chinese */ \
+        /* 50936                EBCDIC Simplified Chinese */ \
+        /* 50937                EBCDIC US-Canada and Traditional Chinese */ \
+        /* 50939                EBCDIC Japanese (Latin) Extended and Japanese */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(51932, "euc-jp") /* EUC Japanese */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(51936, "EUC-CN") /* EUC Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (EUC) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(51949, "euc-kr") /* EUC Korean */ \
+        /* 51950                EUC Traditional Chinese */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(52936, "hz-gb-2312") /* HZ-GB2312 Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (HZ) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(54936, "GB18030") /* Windows XP and later: GB18030 Simplified Chinese (4 byte); Chinese Simplified (GB18030) */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57002, "x-iscii-de") /* ISCII Devanagari */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57003, "x-iscii-be") /* ISCII Bengali */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57004, "x-iscii-ta") /* ISCII Tamil */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57005, "x-iscii-te") /* ISCII Telugu */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57006, "x-iscii-as") /* ISCII Assamese */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57007, "x-iscii-or") /* ISCII Oriya */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57008, "x-iscii-ka") /* ISCII Kannada */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57009, "x-iscii-ma") /* ISCII Malayalam */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57010, "x-iscii-gu") /* ISCII Gujarati */ \
+        CP_ALIAS(57011, "x-iscii-pa") /* ISCII Punjabi */
+
+#define CP_ALIAS(codepage, alias) codepage,
+static const int cp_codepage[] = {
+        CP_ALIAS_LIST
+};
+#undef CP_ALIAS
+
+#define CP_ALIAS(codepage, alias) alias"\0"
+static const char cp_alias[] ALIGN1 =
+        CP_ALIAS_LIST;
+#undef CP_ALIAS
+
+/*
+ * SJIS SHIFTJIS table              CP932 table
+ * ---- --------------------------- --------------------------------
+ *   5C U+00A5 YEN SIGN             U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS
+ *   7E U+203E OVERLINE             U+007E TILDE
+ * 815C U+2014 EM DASH              U+2015 HORIZONTAL BAR
+ * 815F U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS      U+FF3C FULLWIDTH REVERSE SOLIDUS
+ * 8160 U+301C WAVE DASH            U+FF5E FULLWIDTH TILDE
+ * 8161 U+2016 DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE U+2225 PARALLEL TO
+ * 817C U+2212 MINUS SIGN           U+FF0D FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS
+ * 8191 U+00A2 CENT SIGN            U+FFE0 FULLWIDTH CENT SIGN
+ * 8192 U+00A3 POUND SIGN           U+FFE1 FULLWIDTH POUND SIGN
+ * 81CA U+00AC NOT SIGN             U+FFE2 FULLWIDTH NOT SIGN
+ *
+ * EUC-JP and ISO-2022-JP should be compatible with CP932.
+ *
+ * Kernel and MLang have different Unicode mapping table.  Make sure
+ * which API is used.
+ */
+static compat_t cp932_compat[] = {
+        {0x00A5, 0x005C, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x203E, 0x007E, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x2014, 0x2015, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x301C, 0xFF5E, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x2016, 0x2225, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x2212, 0xFF0D, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x00A2, 0xFFE0, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x00A3, 0xFFE1, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x00AC, 0xFFE2, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0, 0, 0}
+};
+
+static compat_t cp20932_compat[] = {
+        {0x00A5, 0x005C, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x203E, 0x007E, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0x2014, 0x2015, COMPAT_OUT},
+        {0xFF5E, 0x301C, COMPAT_OUT|COMPAT_IN},
+        {0x2225, 0x2016, COMPAT_OUT|COMPAT_IN},
+        {0xFF0D, 0x2212, COMPAT_OUT|COMPAT_IN},
+        {0xFFE0, 0x00A2, COMPAT_OUT|COMPAT_IN},
+        {0xFFE1, 0x00A3, COMPAT_OUT|COMPAT_IN},
+        {0xFFE2, 0x00AC, COMPAT_OUT|COMPAT_IN},
+        {0, 0, 0}
+};
+
+static compat_t *cp51932_compat = cp932_compat;
+
+/* cp20932_compat for kernel.  cp932_compat for mlang. */
+static compat_t *cp5022x_compat = cp932_compat;
+
+typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *CONVERTINETMULTIBYTETOUNICODE)(
+        LPDWORD lpdwMode,
+        DWORD dwSrcEncoding,
+        LPCSTR lpSrcStr,
+        LPINT lpnMultiCharCount,
+        LPWSTR lpDstStr,
+        LPINT lpnWideCharCount
+);
+
+typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *CONVERTINETUNICODETOMULTIBYTE)(
+        LPDWORD lpdwMode,
+        DWORD dwEncoding,
+        LPCWSTR lpSrcStr,
+        LPINT lpnWideCharCount,
+        LPSTR lpDstStr,
+        LPINT lpnMultiCharCount
+);
+
+static CONVERTINETMULTIBYTETOUNICODE ConvertINetMultiByteToUnicode;
+static CONVERTINETUNICODETOMULTIBYTE ConvertINetUnicodeToMultiByte;
+
+static int
+load_mlang(void)
+{
+        HMODULE h;
+        if (ConvertINetMultiByteToUnicode != NULL)
+                return TRUE;
+        h = LoadLibrary(TEXT("mlang.dll"));
+        if (!h)
+                return FALSE;
+        ConvertINetMultiByteToUnicode = (CONVERTINETMULTIBYTETOUNICODE)GetProcAddressA(h, "ConvertINetMultiByteToUnicode");
+        ConvertINetUnicodeToMultiByte = (CONVERTINETUNICODETOMULTIBYTE)GetProcAddressA(h, "ConvertINetUnicodeToMultiByte");
+        return TRUE;
+}
+
+static iconv_t
+iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode)
+{
+        rec_iconv_t *cd;
+
+        cd = (rec_iconv_t *)xzalloc(sizeof(rec_iconv_t));
+
+        /* reset the errno to prevent reporting wrong error code.
+         * 0 for unsorted error. */
+        errno = 0;
+        if (make_csconv(fromcode, &cd->from) && make_csconv(tocode, &cd->to)) {
+                cd->cd = (iconv_t)cd;
+                return (iconv_t)cd;
+        }
+
+        free(cd);
+        return (iconv_t)(-1);
+}
+
+static int
+iconv_close(iconv_t _cd)
+{
+        free(_cd);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t
+iconv(iconv_t _cd, const char **inbuf, size_t *inbytesleft, char **outbuf, size_t *outbytesleft)
+{
+        rec_iconv_t *cd = (rec_iconv_t *)_cd;
+        ushort wbuf[MB_CHAR_MAX]; /* enough room for one character */
+        int insize;
+        int outsize;
+        int wsize;
+        DWORD frommode;
+        DWORD tomode;
+        uint wc;
+        compat_t *cp;
+        int i;
+
+        if (inbuf == NULL || *inbuf == NULL)
+        {
+                if (outbuf != NULL && *outbuf != NULL && cd->to.flush != NULL)
+                {
+                        tomode = cd->to.mode;
+                        outsize = cd->to.flush(&cd->to, (uchar *)*outbuf, *outbytesleft);
+                        if (outsize == -1)
+                        {
+                                if ((cd->to.flags & FLAG_IGNORE) && errno != E2BIG)
+                                {
+                                        outsize = 0;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                        cd->to.mode = tomode;
+                                        return (size_t)(-1);
+                                }
+                        }
+                        *outbuf += outsize;
+                        *outbytesleft -= outsize;
+                }
+                cd->from.mode = 0;
+                cd->to.mode = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        while (*inbytesleft != 0)
+        {
+                frommode = cd->from.mode;
+                tomode = cd->to.mode;
+                wsize = MB_CHAR_MAX;
+
+                insize = cd->from.mbtowc(&cd->from, (const uchar *)*inbuf, *inbytesleft, wbuf, &wsize);
+                if (insize == -1)
+                {
+                        if (cd->to.flags & FLAG_IGNORE)
+                        {
+                                cd->from.mode = frommode;
+                                insize = 1;
+                                wsize = 0;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                cd->from.mode = frommode;
+                                return (size_t)(-1);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (wsize == 0)
+                {
+                        *inbuf += insize;
+                        *inbytesleft -= insize;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (cd->from.compat != NULL)
+                {
+                        wc = utf16_to_ucs4(wbuf);
+                        cp = cd->from.compat;
+                        for (i = 0; cp[i].in != 0; ++i)
+                        {
+                                if ((cp[i].flag & COMPAT_IN) && cp[i].out == wc)
+                                {
+                                        ucs4_to_utf16(cp[i].in, wbuf, &wsize);
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (cd->to.compat != NULL)
+                {
+                        wc = utf16_to_ucs4(wbuf);
+                        cp = cd->to.compat;
+                        for (i = 0; cp[i].in != 0; ++i)
+                        {
+                                if ((cp[i].flag & COMPAT_OUT) && cp[i].in == wc)
+                                {
+                                        ucs4_to_utf16(cp[i].out, wbuf, &wsize);
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                outsize = cd->to.wctomb(&cd->to, wbuf, wsize, (uchar *)*outbuf, *outbytesleft);
+                if (outsize == -1)
+                {
+                        if ((cd->to.flags & FLAG_IGNORE) && errno != E2BIG)
+                        {
+                                cd->to.mode = tomode;
+                                outsize = 0;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                cd->from.mode = frommode;
+                                cd->to.mode = tomode;
+                                return (size_t)(-1);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                *inbuf += insize;
+                *outbuf += outsize;
+                *inbytesleft -= insize;
+                *outbytesleft -= outsize;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+make_csconv(const char *_name, csconv_t *cv)
+{
+        CPINFO cpinfo;
+        int use_compat = TRUE;
+        int flag = 0;
+        char *name;
+        char *p, *s;
+
+        name = xstrdup(_name);
+
+        /* check for option "enc_name//opt1//opt2" */
+        while ((p = strrstr(name, "//")) != NULL)
+        {
+                for (s = p + 2; *s; ++s)
+                        *s = tolower(*s);
+                switch (index_in_strings("nocompat\0translit\0ignore\0", p + 2)) {
+                case 0:
+                        use_compat = FALSE;
+                        break;
+                case 1:
+                        flag |= FLAG_TRANSLIT;
+                        break;
+                case 2:
+                        flag |= FLAG_IGNORE;
+                        break;
+                }
+                *p = 0;
+        }
+
+        cv->mode = 0;
+        cv->flags = flag;
+        cv->mblen = NULL;
+        cv->flush = NULL;
+        cv->compat = NULL;
+        cv->codepage = name_to_codepage(name);
+        if (cv->codepage == 1200 || cv->codepage == 1201)
+        {
+                cv->mbtowc = utf16_mbtowc;
+                cv->wctomb = utf16_wctomb;
+                if (_stricmp(name, "UTF-16") == 0 || _stricmp(name, "UTF16") == 0 ||
+                  _stricmp(name, "UCS-2") == 0 || _stricmp(name, "UCS2") == 0 ||
+          _stricmp(name,"UCS-2-INTERNAL") == 0)
+                        cv->flags |= FLAG_USE_BOM;
+        }
+        else if (cv->codepage == 12000 || cv->codepage == 12001)
+        {
+                cv->mbtowc = utf32_mbtowc;
+                cv->wctomb = utf32_wctomb;
+                if (_stricmp(name, "UTF-32") == 0 || _stricmp(name, "UTF32") == 0 ||
+                  _stricmp(name, "UCS-4") == 0 || _stricmp(name, "UCS4") == 0)
+                        cv->flags |= FLAG_USE_BOM;
+        }
+        else if (cv->codepage == 65001)
+        {
+                cv->mbtowc = kernel_mbtowc;
+                cv->wctomb = kernel_wctomb;
+                cv->mblen = utf8_mblen;
+        }
+        else if ((cv->codepage == 50220 || cv->codepage == 50221 || cv->codepage == 50222) && load_mlang())
+        {
+                cv->mbtowc = iso2022jp_mbtowc;
+                cv->wctomb = iso2022jp_wctomb;
+                cv->flush = iso2022jp_flush;
+        }
+        else if (cv->codepage == 51932 && load_mlang())
+        {
+                cv->mbtowc = mlang_mbtowc;
+                cv->wctomb = mlang_wctomb;
+                cv->mblen = eucjp_mblen;
+        }
+        else if (IsValidCodePage(cv->codepage)
+                                && GetCPInfo(cv->codepage, &cpinfo) != 0)
+        {
+                cv->mbtowc = kernel_mbtowc;
+                cv->wctomb = kernel_wctomb;
+                if (cpinfo.MaxCharSize == 1)
+                        cv->mblen = sbcs_mblen;
+                else if (cpinfo.MaxCharSize == 2)
+                        cv->mblen = dbcs_mblen;
+                else
+                        cv->mblen = mbcs_mblen;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+                /* not supported */
+                free(name);
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        if (use_compat)
+        {
+                switch (cv->codepage)
+                {
+                case 932: cv->compat = cp932_compat; break;
+                case 20932: cv->compat = cp20932_compat; break;
+                case 51932: cv->compat = cp51932_compat; break;
+                case 50220: case 50221: case 50222: cv->compat = cp5022x_compat; break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        free(name);
+
+        return TRUE;
+}
+
+static int
+name_to_codepage(const char *name)
+{
+        int i;
+        const char *alias;
+
+        if (*name == '\0' || strcmp(name, "char") == 0)
+                return GetACP();
+        else if (strcmp(name, "wchar_t") == 0)
+                return 1200;
+        else if (_strnicmp(name, "cp", 2) == 0)
+                return atoi(name + 2); /* CP123 */
+        else if ('0' <= name[0] && name[0] <= '9')
+                return atoi(name);     /* 123 */
+        else if (_strnicmp(name, "xx", 2) == 0)
+                return atoi(name + 2); /* XX123 for debug */
+
+        i = 0;
+        alias = cp_alias;
+        while (*alias) {
+                if (_stricmp(alias, name) == 0) {
+                        return cp_codepage[i];
+                }
+                alias += strlen(alias) + 1;
+                ++i;
+        }
+        return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
+ */
+static uint
+utf16_to_ucs4(const ushort *wbuf)
+{
+        uint wc = wbuf[0];
+        if (0xD800 <= wbuf[0] && wbuf[0] <= 0xDBFF)
+                wc = ((wbuf[0] & 0x3FF) << 10) + (wbuf[1] & 0x3FF) + 0x10000;
+        return wc;
+}
+
+static void
+ucs4_to_utf16(uint wc, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize)
+{
+        if (wc < 0x10000)
+        {
+                wbuf[0] = wc;
+                *wbufsize = 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+                wc -= 0x10000;
+                wbuf[0] = 0xD800 | ((wc >> 10) & 0x3FF);
+                wbuf[1] = 0xDC00 | (wc & 0x3FF);
+                *wbufsize = 2;
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if codepage is one of those for which the dwFlags parameter
+ * to MultiByteToWideChar() must be zero. Return zero or
+ * MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS.  The docs in Platform SDK for Windows
+ * Server 2003 R2 claims that also codepage 65001 is one of these, but
+ * that doesn't seem to be the case. The MSDN docs for MSVS2008 leave
+ * out 65001 (UTF-8), and that indeed seems to be the case on XP, it
+ * works fine to pass MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS in dwFlags when converting
+ * from UTF-8.
+ */
+static int
+mbtowc_flags(int codepage)
+{
+        return (codepage == 50220 || codepage == 50221 ||
+                        codepage == 50222 || codepage == 50225 ||
+                        codepage == 50227 || codepage == 50229 ||
+                        codepage == 52936 || codepage == 54936 ||
+                        (codepage >= 57002 && codepage <= 57011) ||
+                        codepage == 65000 || codepage == 42) ? 0 : MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if codepage is one those for which the lpUsedDefaultChar
+ * parameter to WideCharToMultiByte() must be NULL.  The docs in
+ * Platform SDK for Windows Server 2003 R2 claims that this is the
+ * list below, while the MSDN docs for MSVS2008 claim that it is only
+ * for 65000 (UTF-7) and 65001 (UTF-8). This time the earlier Platform
+ * SDK seems to be correct, at least for XP.
+ */
+static int
+must_use_null_useddefaultchar(int codepage)
+{
+        return (codepage == 65000 || codepage == 65001 ||
+                        codepage == 50220 || codepage == 50221 ||
+                        codepage == 50222 || codepage == 50225 ||
+                        codepage == 50227 || codepage == 50229 ||
+                        codepage == 52936 || codepage == 54936 ||
+                        (codepage >= 57002 && codepage <= 57011) ||
+                        codepage == 42);
+}
+
+static int
+seterror(int err)
+{
+        errno = err;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+static int
+sbcs_mblen(csconv_t *cv UNUSED_PARAM, const uchar *buf UNUSED_PARAM,
+                        int bufsize UNUSED_PARAM)
+{
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+dbcs_mblen(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        int len = IsDBCSLeadByteEx(cv->codepage, buf[0]) ? 2 : 1;
+        if (bufsize < len)
+                return seterror(EINVAL);
+        return len;
+}
+
+static int
+mbcs_mblen(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        int len = 0;
+
+        if (cv->codepage == 54936) {
+                if (buf[0] <= 0x7F)
+                        len = 1;
+                else if (buf[0] >= 0x81 && buf[0] <= 0xFE &&
+                                bufsize >= 2 &&
+                                ((buf[1] >= 0x40 && buf[1] <= 0x7E) ||
+                                (buf[1] >= 0x80 && buf[1] <= 0xFE)))
+                        len = 2;
+                else if (buf[0] >= 0x81 && buf[0] <= 0xFE &&
+                                bufsize >= 4 &&
+                                buf[1] >= 0x30 && buf[1] <= 0x39)
+                        len = 4;
+                else
+                        return seterror(EINVAL);
+                return len;
+        }
+        else
+        return seterror(EINVAL);
+}
+
+static int
+utf8_mblen(csconv_t *cv UNUSED_PARAM, const uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        int len = 0;
+
+        if (buf[0] < 0x80) len = 1;
+        else if ((buf[0] & 0xE0) == 0xC0) len = 2;
+        else if ((buf[0] & 0xF0) == 0xE0) len = 3;
+        else if ((buf[0] & 0xF8) == 0xF0) len = 4;
+        else if ((buf[0] & 0xFC) == 0xF8) len = 5;
+        else if ((buf[0] & 0xFE) == 0xFC) len = 6;
+
+        if (len == 0)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        else if (bufsize < len)
+                return seterror(EINVAL);
+        return len;
+}
+
+static int
+eucjp_mblen(csconv_t *cv UNUSED_PARAM, const uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        if (buf[0] < 0x80) /* ASCII */
+                return 1;
+        else if (buf[0] == 0x8E) /* JIS X 0201 */
+        {
+                if (bufsize < 2)
+                        return seterror(EINVAL);
+                else if (!(0xA1 <= buf[1] && buf[1] <= 0xDF))
+                        return seterror(EILSEQ);
+                return 2;
+        }
+        else if (buf[0] == 0x8F) /* JIS X 0212 */
+        {
+                if (bufsize < 3)
+                        return seterror(EINVAL);
+                else if (!(0xA1 <= buf[1] && buf[1] <= 0xFE)
+                                || !(0xA1 <= buf[2] && buf[2] <= 0xFE))
+                        return seterror(EILSEQ);
+                return 3;
+        }
+        else /* JIS X 0208 */
+        {
+                if (bufsize < 2)
+                        return seterror(EINVAL);
+                else if (!(0xA1 <= buf[0] && buf[0] <= 0xFE)
+                                || !(0xA1 <= buf[1] && buf[1] <= 0xFE))
+                        return seterror(EILSEQ);
+                return 2;
+        }
+}
+
+static int
+kernel_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize)
+{
+        int len;
+
+        len = cv->mblen(cv, buf, bufsize);
+        if (len == -1)
+                return -1;
+        /* If converting from ASCII, reject 8bit
+         * chars. MultiByteToWideChar() doesn't. Note that for ASCII we
+         * know that the mblen function is sbcs_mblen() so len is 1.
+         */
+        if (cv->codepage == 20127 && buf[0] >= 0x80)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        *wbufsize = MultiByteToWideChar(cv->codepage, mbtowc_flags (cv->codepage),
+                        (const char *)buf, len, (wchar_t *)wbuf, *wbufsize);
+        if (*wbufsize == 0)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        return len;
+}
+
+static int
+kernel_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        BOOL usedDefaultChar = 0;
+        BOOL *p = NULL;
+        int flags = 0;
+        int len;
+
+        if (bufsize == 0)
+                return seterror(E2BIG);
+        if (!must_use_null_useddefaultchar(cv->codepage))
+        {
+                p = &usedDefaultChar;
+#ifdef WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS
+                if (!(cv->flags & FLAG_TRANSLIT))
+                        flags |= WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS;
+#endif
+        }
+        len = WideCharToMultiByte(cv->codepage, flags,
+                        (const wchar_t *)wbuf, wbufsize, (char *)buf, bufsize, NULL, p);
+        if (len == 0)
+        {
+                if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+                        return seterror(E2BIG);
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        }
+        else if (usedDefaultChar && !(cv->flags & FLAG_TRANSLIT))
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        else if (cv->mblen(cv, buf, len) != len) /* validate result */
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * It seems that the mode (cv->mode) is fixnum.
+ * For example, when converting iso-2022-jp(cp50221) to unicode:
+ *      in ascii sequence: mode=0xC42C0000
+ *   in jisx0208 sequence: mode=0xC42C0001
+ * "C42C" is same for each convert session.
+ * It should be: ((codepage-1)<<16)|state
+ */
+static int
+mlang_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize)
+{
+        int len;
+        int insize;
+        HRESULT hr;
+
+        len = cv->mblen(cv, buf, bufsize);
+        if (len == -1)
+                return -1;
+        insize = len;
+        hr = ConvertINetMultiByteToUnicode(&cv->mode, cv->codepage,
+                        (const char *)buf, &insize, (wchar_t *)wbuf, wbufsize);
+        if (hr != S_OK || insize != len)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        return len;
+}
+
+static int
+mlang_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        char tmpbuf[MB_CHAR_MAX]; /* enough room for one character */
+        int tmpsize = MB_CHAR_MAX;
+        int insize = wbufsize;
+        HRESULT hr;
+
+        hr = ConvertINetUnicodeToMultiByte(&cv->mode, cv->codepage,
+                        (const wchar_t *)wbuf, &wbufsize, tmpbuf, &tmpsize);
+        if (hr != S_OK || insize != wbufsize)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        else if (bufsize < tmpsize)
+                return seterror(E2BIG);
+        else if (cv->mblen(cv, (uchar *)tmpbuf, tmpsize) != tmpsize)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        memcpy(buf, tmpbuf, tmpsize);
+        return tmpsize;
+}
+
+static int
+utf16_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize)
+{
+        int codepage = cv->codepage;
+
+        /* swap endian: 1200 <-> 1201 */
+        if (cv->mode & UNICODE_MODE_SWAPPED)
+                codepage ^= 1;
+
+        if (bufsize < 2)
+                return seterror(EINVAL);
+        if (codepage == 1200) /* little endian */
+                wbuf[0] = (buf[1] << 8) | buf[0];
+        else if (codepage == 1201) /* big endian */
+                wbuf[0] = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
+
+        if ((cv->flags & FLAG_USE_BOM) && !(cv->mode & UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE))
+        {
+                cv->mode |= UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE;
+                if (wbuf[0] == 0xFFFE)
+                {
+                        cv->mode |= UNICODE_MODE_SWAPPED;
+                        *wbufsize = 0;
+                        return 2;
+                }
+                else if (wbuf[0] == 0xFEFF)
+                {
+                        *wbufsize = 0;
+                        return 2;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (0xDC00 <= wbuf[0] && wbuf[0] <= 0xDFFF)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        if (0xD800 <= wbuf[0] && wbuf[0] <= 0xDBFF)
+        {
+                if (bufsize < 4)
+                        return seterror(EINVAL);
+                if (codepage == 1200) /* little endian */
+                        wbuf[1] = (buf[3] << 8) | buf[2];
+                else if (codepage == 1201) /* big endian */
+                        wbuf[1] = (buf[2] << 8) | buf[3];
+                if (!(0xDC00 <= wbuf[1] && wbuf[1] <= 0xDFFF))
+                        return seterror(EILSEQ);
+                *wbufsize = 2;
+                return 4;
+        }
+        *wbufsize = 1;
+        return 2;
+}
+
+static int
+utf16_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        if ((cv->flags & FLAG_USE_BOM) && !(cv->mode & UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE))
+        {
+                int r;
+
+                cv->mode |= UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE;
+                if (bufsize < 2)
+                        return seterror(E2BIG);
+                if (cv->codepage == 1200) /* little endian */
+                        memcpy(buf, "\xFF\xFE", 2);
+                else if (cv->codepage == 1201) /* big endian */
+                        memcpy(buf, "\xFE\xFF", 2);
+
+                r = utf16_wctomb(cv, wbuf, wbufsize, buf + 2, bufsize - 2);
+                if (r == -1)
+                        return -1;
+                return r + 2;
+        }
+
+        if (bufsize < 2)
+                return seterror(E2BIG);
+        if (cv->codepage == 1200) /* little endian */
+        {
+                buf[0] = (wbuf[0] & 0x00FF);
+                buf[1] = (wbuf[0] & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+        }
+        else if (cv->codepage == 1201) /* big endian */
+        {
+                buf[0] = (wbuf[0] & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+                buf[1] = (wbuf[0] & 0x00FF);
+        }
+        if (0xD800 <= wbuf[0] && wbuf[0] <= 0xDBFF)
+        {
+                if (bufsize < 4)
+                        return seterror(E2BIG);
+                if (cv->codepage == 1200) /* little endian */
+                {
+                        buf[2] = (wbuf[1] & 0x00FF);
+                        buf[3] = (wbuf[1] & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+                }
+                else if (cv->codepage == 1201) /* big endian */
+                {
+                        buf[2] = (wbuf[1] & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+                        buf[3] = (wbuf[1] & 0x00FF);
+                }
+                return 4;
+        }
+        return 2;
+}
+
+static int
+utf32_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize)
+{
+        int codepage = cv->codepage;
+        uint wc = 0xD800;
+
+        /* swap endian: 12000 <-> 12001 */
+        if (cv->mode & UNICODE_MODE_SWAPPED)
+                codepage ^= 1;
+
+        if (bufsize < 4)
+                return seterror(EINVAL);
+        if (codepage == 12000) /* little endian */
+                wc = (buf[3] << 24) | (buf[2] << 16) | (buf[1] << 8) | buf[0];
+        else if (codepage == 12001) /* big endian */
+                wc = (buf[0] << 24) | (buf[1] << 16) | (buf[2] << 8) | buf[3];
+
+        if ((cv->flags & FLAG_USE_BOM) && !(cv->mode & UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE))
+        {
+                cv->mode |= UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE;
+                if (wc == 0xFFFE0000)
+                {
+                        cv->mode |= UNICODE_MODE_SWAPPED;
+                        *wbufsize = 0;
+                        return 4;
+                }
+                else if (wc == 0x0000FEFF)
+                {
+                        *wbufsize = 0;
+                        return 4;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if ((0xD800 <= wc && wc <= 0xDFFF) || 0x10FFFF < wc)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        ucs4_to_utf16(wc, wbuf, wbufsize);
+        return 4;
+}
+
+static int
+utf32_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        uint wc;
+
+        if ((cv->flags & FLAG_USE_BOM) && !(cv->mode & UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE))
+        {
+                int r;
+
+                cv->mode |= UNICODE_MODE_BOM_DONE;
+                if (bufsize < 4)
+                        return seterror(E2BIG);
+                if (cv->codepage == 12000) /* little endian */
+                        memcpy(buf, "\xFF\xFE\x00\x00", 4);
+                else if (cv->codepage == 12001) /* big endian */
+                        memcpy(buf, "\x00\x00\xFE\xFF", 4);
+
+                r = utf32_wctomb(cv, wbuf, wbufsize, buf + 4, bufsize - 4);
+                if (r == -1)
+                        return -1;
+                return r + 4;
+        }
+
+        if (bufsize < 4)
+                return seterror(E2BIG);
+        wc = utf16_to_ucs4(wbuf);
+        if (cv->codepage == 12000) /* little endian */
+        {
+                buf[0] = wc & 0x000000FF;
+                buf[1] = (wc & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+                buf[2] = (wc & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+                buf[3] = (wc & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+        }
+        else if (cv->codepage == 12001) /* big endian */
+        {
+                buf[0] = (wc & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+                buf[1] = (wc & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+                buf[2] = (wc & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+                buf[3] = wc & 0x000000FF;
+        }
+        return 4;
+}
+
+/*
+ * 50220: ISO 2022 Japanese with no halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS)
+ * 50221: ISO 2022 Japanese with halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS-Allow
+ *        1 byte Kana)
+ * 50222: ISO 2022 Japanese JIS X 0201-1989; Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte
+ *        Kana - SO/SI)
+ *
+ * MultiByteToWideChar() and WideCharToMultiByte() behave differently
+ * depending on Windows version.  On XP, WideCharToMultiByte() doesn't
+ * terminate result sequence with ascii escape.  But Vista does.
+ * Use MLang instead.
+ */
+
+#define ISO2022_MODE(cs, shift) (((cs) << 8) | (shift))
+#define ISO2022_MODE_CS(mode) (((mode) >> 8) & 0xFF)
+#define ISO2022_MODE_SHIFT(mode) ((mode) & 0xFF)
+
+#define ISO2022_SI  0
+#define ISO2022_SO  1
+
+/* shift in */
+static const char iso2022_SI_seq[] = "\x0F";
+/* shift out */
+static const char iso2022_SO_seq[] = "\x0E";
+
+typedef struct iso2022_esc_t iso2022_esc_t;
+struct iso2022_esc_t {
+        const char *esc;
+        int esc_len;
+        int len;
+        int cs;
+};
+
+#define ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII            0
+#define ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0201_ROMAN   1
+#define ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0201_KANA    2
+#define ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0208_1978    3
+#define ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0208_1983    4
+#define ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0212         5
+
+static iso2022_esc_t iso2022jp_esc[] = {
+        {"\x1B\x28\x42", 3, 1, ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII},
+        {"\x1B\x28\x4A", 3, 1, ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0201_ROMAN},
+        {"\x1B\x28\x49", 3, 1, ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0201_KANA},
+        {"\x1B\x24\x40", 3, 2, ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0208_1983}, /* unify 1978 with 1983 */
+        {"\x1B\x24\x42", 3, 2, ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0208_1983},
+        {"\x1B\x24\x28\x44", 4, 2, ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0212},
+        {NULL, 0, 0, 0}
+};
+
+static int
+iso2022jp_mbtowc(csconv_t *cv, const uchar *buf, int bufsize, ushort *wbuf, int *wbufsize)
+{
+        iso2022_esc_t *iesc = iso2022jp_esc;
+        char tmp[MB_CHAR_MAX];
+        int insize;
+        HRESULT hr;
+        DWORD dummy = 0;
+        int len;
+        int esc_len;
+        int cs;
+        int shift;
+        int i;
+
+        if (buf[0] == 0x1B)
+        {
+                for (i = 0; iesc[i].esc != NULL; ++i)
+                {
+                        esc_len = iesc[i].esc_len;
+                        if (bufsize < esc_len)
+                        {
+                                if (strncmp((char *)buf, iesc[i].esc, bufsize) == 0)
+                                        return seterror(EINVAL);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                                if (strncmp((char *)buf, iesc[i].esc, esc_len) == 0)
+                                {
+                                        cv->mode = ISO2022_MODE(iesc[i].cs, ISO2022_SI);
+                                        *wbufsize = 0;
+                                        return esc_len;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+                /* not supported escape sequence */
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        }
+        else if (buf[0] == iso2022_SO_seq[0])
+        {
+                cv->mode = ISO2022_MODE(ISO2022_MODE_CS(cv->mode), ISO2022_SO);
+                *wbufsize = 0;
+                return 1;
+        }
+        else if (buf[0] == iso2022_SI_seq[0])
+        {
+                cv->mode = ISO2022_MODE(ISO2022_MODE_CS(cv->mode), ISO2022_SI);
+                *wbufsize = 0;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        cs = ISO2022_MODE_CS(cv->mode);
+        shift = ISO2022_MODE_SHIFT(cv->mode);
+
+        /* reset the mode for informal sequence */
+        if (buf[0] < 0x20)
+        {
+                cs = ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII;
+                shift = ISO2022_SI;
+        }
+
+        len = iesc[cs].len;
+        if (bufsize < len)
+                return seterror(EINVAL);
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                if (!(buf[i] < 0x80))
+                        return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        esc_len = iesc[cs].esc_len;
+        memcpy(tmp, iesc[cs].esc, esc_len);
+        if (shift == ISO2022_SO)
+        {
+                memcpy(tmp + esc_len, iso2022_SO_seq, 1);
+                esc_len += 1;
+        }
+        memcpy(tmp + esc_len, buf, len);
+
+        if ((cv->codepage == 50220 || cv->codepage == 50221
+                                || cv->codepage == 50222) && shift == ISO2022_SO)
+        {
+                /* XXX: shift-out cannot be used for mbtowc (both kernel and
+                 * mlang) */
+                esc_len = iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0201_KANA].esc_len;
+                memcpy(tmp, iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_JISX0201_KANA].esc, esc_len);
+                memcpy(tmp + esc_len, buf, len);
+        }
+
+        insize = len + esc_len;
+        hr = ConvertINetMultiByteToUnicode(&dummy, cv->codepage,
+                        (const char *)tmp, &insize, (wchar_t *)wbuf, wbufsize);
+        if (hr != S_OK || insize != len + esc_len)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+
+        /* Check for conversion error.  Assuming defaultChar is 0x3F. */
+        /* ascii should be converted from ascii */
+        if (wbuf[0] == buf[0]
+                        && cv->mode != ISO2022_MODE(ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII, ISO2022_SI))
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+
+        /* reset the mode for informal sequence */
+        if (cv->mode != ISO2022_MODE(cs, shift))
+                cv->mode = ISO2022_MODE(cs, shift);
+
+        return len;
+}
+
+static int
+iso2022jp_wctomb(csconv_t *cv, ushort *wbuf, int wbufsize, uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        iso2022_esc_t *iesc = iso2022jp_esc;
+        char tmp[MB_CHAR_MAX];
+        int tmpsize = MB_CHAR_MAX;
+        int insize = wbufsize;
+        HRESULT hr;
+        DWORD dummy = 0;
+        int len;
+        int esc_len;
+        int cs;
+        int shift;
+        int i;
+
+        /*
+         * MultiByte = [escape sequence] + character + [escape sequence]
+         *
+         * Whether trailing escape sequence is added depends on which API is
+         * used (kernel or MLang, and its version).
+         */
+        hr = ConvertINetUnicodeToMultiByte(&dummy, cv->codepage,
+                        (const wchar_t *)wbuf, &wbufsize, tmp, &tmpsize);
+        if (hr != S_OK || insize != wbufsize)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        else if (bufsize < tmpsize)
+                return seterror(E2BIG);
+
+        if (tmpsize == 1)
+        {
+                cs = ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII;
+                esc_len = 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+                for (i = 1; iesc[i].esc != NULL; ++i)
+                {
+                        esc_len = iesc[i].esc_len;
+                        if (strncmp(tmp, iesc[i].esc, esc_len) == 0)
+                        {
+                                cs = iesc[i].cs;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+                if (iesc[i].esc == NULL)
+                        /* not supported escape sequence */
+                        return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        }
+
+        shift = ISO2022_SI;
+        if (tmp[esc_len] == iso2022_SO_seq[0])
+        {
+                shift = ISO2022_SO;
+                esc_len += 1;
+        }
+
+        len = iesc[cs].len;
+
+        /* Check for converting error.  Assuming defaultChar is 0x3F. */
+        /* ascii should be converted from ascii */
+        if (cs == ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII && !(wbuf[0] < 0x80))
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+        else if (tmpsize < esc_len + len)
+                return seterror(EILSEQ);
+
+        if (cv->mode == ISO2022_MODE(cs, shift))
+        {
+                /* remove escape sequence */
+                if (esc_len != 0)
+                        memmove(tmp, tmp + esc_len, len);
+                esc_len = 0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+                if (cs == ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII)
+                {
+                        esc_len = iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII].esc_len;
+                        memmove(tmp + esc_len, tmp, len);
+                        memcpy(tmp, iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII].esc, esc_len);
+                }
+                if (ISO2022_MODE_SHIFT(cv->mode) == ISO2022_SO)
+                {
+                        /* shift-in before changing to other mode */
+                        memmove(tmp + 1, tmp, len + esc_len);
+                        memcpy(tmp, iso2022_SI_seq, 1);
+                        esc_len += 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (bufsize < len + esc_len)
+                return seterror(E2BIG);
+        memcpy(buf, tmp, len + esc_len);
+        cv->mode = ISO2022_MODE(cs, shift);
+        return len + esc_len;
+}
+
+static int
+iso2022jp_flush(csconv_t *cv, uchar *buf, int bufsize)
+{
+        iso2022_esc_t *iesc = iso2022jp_esc;
+        int esc_len;
+
+        if (cv->mode != ISO2022_MODE(ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII, ISO2022_SI))
+        {
+                esc_len = 0;
+                if (ISO2022_MODE_SHIFT(cv->mode) != ISO2022_SI)
+                        esc_len += 1;
+                if (ISO2022_MODE_CS(cv->mode) != ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII)
+                        esc_len += iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII].esc_len;
+                if (bufsize < esc_len)
+                        return seterror(E2BIG);
+
+                esc_len = 0;
+                if (ISO2022_MODE_SHIFT(cv->mode) != ISO2022_SI)
+                {
+                        memcpy(buf, iso2022_SI_seq, 1);
+                        esc_len += 1;
+                }
+                if (ISO2022_MODE_CS(cv->mode) != ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII)
+                {
+                        memcpy(buf + esc_len, iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII].esc,
+                                        iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII].esc_len);
+                        esc_len += iesc[ISO2022JP_CS_ASCII].esc_len;
+                }
+                return esc_len;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void process_file(iconv_t cd, FILE *in, FILE *out)
+{
+        char inbuf[BUFSIZ];
+        char outbuf[BUFSIZ];
+        const char *pin;
+        char *pout;
+        size_t inbytesleft = 0;
+        size_t outbytesleft;
+        size_t rest = 0;
+        size_t r;
+
+        while ((!feof(in) &&
+                        (inbytesleft=fread(inbuf+rest, 1, sizeof(inbuf)-rest, in)) != 0)
+                                || rest != 0) {
+                inbytesleft += rest;
+                pin = inbuf;
+                pout = outbuf;
+                outbytesleft = sizeof(outbuf);
+                r = iconv(cd, &pin, &inbytesleft, &pout, &outbytesleft);
+                if (r == (size_t)(-1) && errno != E2BIG &&
+                                (errno != EINVAL || feof(in)))
+                        bb_perror_msg_and_die("conversion error");
+                fwrite(outbuf, 1, sizeof(outbuf) - outbytesleft, out);
+                memmove(inbuf, pin, inbytesleft);
+                rest = inbytesleft;
+        }
+        pout = outbuf;
+        outbytesleft = sizeof(outbuf);
+        r = iconv(cd, NULL, NULL, &pout, &outbytesleft);
+        fwrite(outbuf, 1, sizeof(outbuf) - outbytesleft, out);
+        if (r == (size_t)(-1))
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("conversion error");
+}
+
+enum {
+        OPT_f = (1 << 0),
+        OPT_t = (1 << 1),
+        OPT_l = (1 << 2),
+        OPT_c = (1 << 3),
+        OPT_o = (1 << 4),
+};
+
+int iconv_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
+int iconv_main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+        const char *fromcode = "", *tocode = "", *outfile;
+        int i, opt;
+        iconv_t cd;
+        FILE *in;
+        FILE *out = stdout;
+
+        opt = getopt32(argv, "f:t:lco:", &fromcode, &tocode, &outfile);
+
+        if (opt & OPT_l) {
+                const char *alias = cp_alias;
+                while (*alias) {
+                        printf("%s\n", alias);
+                        alias += strlen(alias) + 1;
+                }
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (opt & OPT_o)
+                out = xfopen(outfile, "wb");
+
+        if (opt & OPT_c)
+                tocode = xasprintf("%s//IGNORE", tocode);
+
+        cd = iconv_open(tocode, fromcode);
+        if (cd == (iconv_t)(-1))
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("iconv_open error");
+
+        if (optind == argc)
+                argv[argc++] = (char *)"-";
+
+        for (i=optind; i<argc; ++i) {
+                if (argv[i][0] == '-' && argv[i][1] == '\0')
+                        in = stdin;
+                else
+                        in = xfopen(argv[optind], "rb");
+                process_file(cd, in, out);
+                fclose(in);
+        }
+
+        if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP)
+                iconv_close(cd);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/miscutils/inotifyd.c b/miscutils/inotifyd.c
index 8bff86ae5..fdd04c292 100644
--- a/miscutils/inotifyd.c
+++ b/miscutils/inotifyd.c
@@ -45,8 +45,11 @@
 //usage:     "\nPROG ACTUAL_EVENTS FILEn [SUBFILE] is run."
 //usage:     "\nIf PROG is -, events are sent to stdout."
 //usage:     "\nEvents:"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        a       File is accessed"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:     "\n        c       File is modified"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        e       Metadata changed"
 //usage:     "\n        w       Writable file is closed"
 //usage:     "\n        0       Unwritable file is closed"
@@ -55,8 +58,11 @@
 //usage:     "\n        M       File is moved"
 //usage:     "\n        u       Backing fs is unmounted"
 //usage:     "\n        o       Event queue overflowed"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:     "\n        x       File can't be watched anymore"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\nIf watching a directory:"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:     "\n        y       Subfile is moved into dir"
 //usage:     "\n        m       Subfile is moved out of dir"
 //usage:     "\n        n       Subfile is created"
@@ -69,6 +75,7 @@
 #include "common_bufsiz.h"
 #include <sys/inotify.h>
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static const char mask_names[] ALIGN1 =
         "a"     // 0x00000001   File was accessed
         "c"     // 0x00000002   File was modified
@@ -222,3 +229,207 @@ int inotifyd_main(int argc, char **argv)
  done:
         return bb_got_signal;
 }
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+/*
+ * Order is important:  the indices match the values taken by the
+ * Action member of the FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION structure, including
+ * the undocumented zero value when the directory itself is deleted.
+ */
+static const char mask_names[] ALIGN1 =
+        "x"     // File is no longer watched (usually deleted)
+        "n"     // Subfile was created
+        "d"     // Subfile was deleted
+        "c"     // File was modified
+        "m"     // File was moved from X
+        "y"     // File was moved to Y
+;
+
+enum {
+        MASK_BITS = sizeof(mask_names) - 1
+};
+
+static const unsigned mask_values[] = {
+        0x000,  // File is no longer watched (usually deleted)
+        0x003,  // Subfile was created
+        0x003,  // Subfile was deleted
+        0x1fc,  // File was modified (everything except create/delete/move)
+        0x003,  // File was moved from X
+        0x003,  // File was moved to Y
+};
+
+struct watch {
+        HANDLE hdir;
+        HANDLE hevent;
+        DWORD mask;             // notification filter
+        DWORD bits;             // events to report
+        OVERLAPPED overlap;
+        const char *dirname;
+        char buf[2048];
+};
+
+static void run_agent(const char *agent, FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION *info,
+                                                struct watch *w)
+{
+        int len;
+        char filename[MAX_PATH];
+        char event[2];
+        const char *args[5];
+
+        memset(filename, 0, sizeof(filename));
+        len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, info->FileName,
+                                info->FileNameLength/2, filename, sizeof(filename),
+                                NULL, NULL);
+
+        if (info->Action >= 0 && info->Action < 6 &&
+                                ((1 << info->Action) & w->bits)) {
+                event[0] = mask_names[info->Action];
+                event[1] = '\0';
+
+                if (LONE_CHAR(agent, '-')) {
+                        /* "inotifyd - FILE": built-in echo */
+                        printf(len ? "%s\t%s\t%s\n" : "%s\t%s\n",
+                                        event, w->dirname, filename);
+                        fflush(stdout);
+                }
+                else {
+                        args[0] = agent;
+                        args[1] = event;
+                        args[2] = w->dirname;
+                        args[3] = len ? filename : NULL;
+                        args[4] = NULL;
+                        spawn_and_wait((char **)args);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+static BOOL start_watch(struct watch *w)
+{
+        DWORD nret;
+
+        memset(w->buf, 0, sizeof(w->buf));
+        memset(&w->overlap, 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
+        w->overlap.hEvent = w->hevent;
+        ResetEvent(w->hevent);
+
+        return ReadDirectoryChangesW(w->hdir, w->buf, sizeof(w->buf),
+                                                FALSE, w->mask, &nret, &w->overlap, NULL);
+}
+
+int inotifyd_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
+int inotifyd_main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+        int n;
+        unsigned mask, bits;
+        const char *agent;
+        HANDLE *hevent;
+        struct watch *watch;
+
+        // sanity check: agent and at least one watch must be given
+        if (!argv[1] || !argv[2])
+                bb_show_usage();
+
+        argv++;
+        agent = *argv;
+        argc -= 2; // number of files we watch
+
+        watch = (struct watch *)xzalloc(argc * sizeof(struct watch));
+        hevent = (HANDLE *)xzalloc(argc * sizeof(HANDLE));
+
+        // setup watches
+        for (n = 0; *++argv; ++n) {
+                char *masks;
+
+                masks = strrchr(*argv, ':');
+                // don't confuse a drive prefix with a mask
+                if (masks && masks != (*argv)+1)
+                        *masks = '\0';
+
+                mask = 0x01ff;  // assuming we want all notifications
+                bits = 0x3f;    // assuming we want to report everything
+        // if mask is specified ->
+                if (masks && *masks == '\0') {
+                        // convert names to notification filter and report bitmask
+                        mask = bits = 0;
+                        while (*++masks) {
+                                const char *found;
+                                found = memchr(mask_names, *masks, MASK_BITS);
+                                if (found) {
+                                        mask |= mask_values[(found - mask_names)];
+                                        bits |= (1 << (found - mask_names));
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (mask == 0)
+                        bb_error_msg_and_die("%s: invalid mask\n", *argv);
+
+                if (!is_directory(*argv, FALSE))
+                        bb_error_msg_and_die("%s: not a directory", *argv);
+
+                watch[n].hdir = CreateFile(*argv, GENERIC_READ|FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
+                                        FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE|FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+                                        NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+                                        FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL);
+                if (watch[n].hdir == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        break;
+
+                watch[n].dirname = *argv;
+                watch[n].mask = mask;
+                watch[n].bits = bits;
+                watch[n].hevent = hevent[n] = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
+
+                if (!start_watch(watch+n))
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        if (*argv != NULL) {
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("add watch (%s) failed", *argv);
+        }
+
+        while (1) {
+                DWORD status;
+
+                status = WaitForMultipleObjects(n, hevent, FALSE, INFINITE);
+                if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 <= status && status < WAIT_OBJECT_0 + n) {
+                        FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION *info;
+                        int index = status - WAIT_OBJECT_0;
+                        int offset = 0;
+                        struct watch *w = watch + index;
+                        int got_zero = 0;
+
+                        do {
+                                info = (FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION *)(w->buf + offset);
+                                got_zero += (info->Action == 0);
+                                run_agent(agent, info, w);
+                                offset += info->NextEntryOffset;
+                        } while (info->NextEntryOffset);
+
+                        if (!start_watch(w)) {
+                                // directory was deleted?
+                                int i, count;
+
+                                if (!got_zero) {
+                                        // we haven't seen an 'x' event, fake one
+                                        memset(info, 0, sizeof(FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION));
+                                        run_agent(agent, info, w);
+                                }
+
+                                // mark watch as dead, terminate if all are dead
+                                w->mask = 0;
+                                for (count = i = 0; i<n; ++i)
+                                        if (watch[i].mask)
+                                                ++count;
+                                if (count == 0)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                }
+                else {
+                        errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                        bb_perror_msg_and_die("watch failed");
+                }
+        }
+
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/miscutils/less.c b/miscutils/less.c
index 26983f40d..063c4d378 100644
--- a/miscutils/less.c
+++ b/miscutils/less.c
@@ -145,6 +145,10 @@
 
 #include <sched.h>  /* sched_yield() */
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#include <conio.h>
+#endif
+
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "common_bufsiz.h"
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_REGEXP
@@ -236,7 +240,9 @@ struct globals {
         smallint winsize_err;
 #endif
         smallint terminated;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         struct termios term_orig, term_less;
+#endif
         char kbd_input[KEYCODE_BUFFER_SIZE];
 };
 #define G (*ptr_to_globals)
@@ -298,7 +304,9 @@ struct globals {
 static void set_tty_cooked(void)
 {
         fflush_all();
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         tcsetattr(kbd_fd, TCSANOW, &term_orig);
+#endif
 }
 
 /* Move the cursor to a position (x,y), where (0,0) is the
@@ -330,7 +338,11 @@ static void less_exit(int code)
         set_tty_cooked();
         if (!(G.kbd_fd_orig_flags & O_NONBLOCK))
                 ndelay_off(kbd_fd);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         clear_line();
+#else
+        printf(ESC"[?1049l");
+#endif
         if (code < 0)
                 kill_myself_with_sig(- code); /* does not return */
         exit(code);
@@ -575,6 +587,11 @@ static void read_lines(void)
                                 last_line_pos = 0;
                                 break;
                         }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        if (c == '\r') {
+                                continue;
+                        }
+#endif
                         /* NUL is substituted by '\n'! */
                         if (c == '\0') c = '\n';
                         *p++ = c;
@@ -671,7 +688,12 @@ static void update_num_lines(void)
         /* only do this for regular files */
         if (num_lines == REOPEN_AND_COUNT || num_lines == REOPEN_STDIN) {
                 count = 0;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 fd = open("/proc/self/fd/0", O_RDONLY);
+#else
+                /* don't even try to access /proc on WIN32 */
+                fd = -1;
+#endif
                 if (fd < 0 && num_lines == REOPEN_AND_COUNT) {
                         /* "filename" is valid only if REOPEN_AND_COUNT */
                         fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
@@ -854,7 +876,12 @@ static void print_found(const char *line)
                         match_status = 1;
         }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         printf("%s%s\n", growline ? growline : "", str);
+#else
+        /* skip newline, we use explicit positioning on WIN32 */
+        printf("%s%s", growline ? growline : "", str);
+#endif
         free(growline);
 }
 #else
@@ -890,7 +917,12 @@ static void print_ascii(const char *str)
                 *p = '\0';
                 print_hilite(buf);
         }
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         puts(str);
+#else
+        /* skip newline, we use explicit positioning on WIN32 */
+        printf("%s", str);
+#endif
 }
 
 /* Print the buffer */
@@ -900,6 +932,10 @@ static void buffer_print(void)
 
         move_cursor(0, 0);
         for (i = 0; i <= max_displayed_line; i++) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                /* make sure we're on the right line */
+                move_cursor(i+1, 0);
+#endif
                 printf(CLEAR_2_EOL);
                 if (option_mask32 & FLAG_N)
                         print_lineno(buffer[i]);
@@ -1087,9 +1123,13 @@ static void reinitialize(void)
         if (G.winsize_err)
                 printf(ESC"[999;999H" ESC"[6n");
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        printf(ESC"[?1049h");
+#endif
         buffer_fill_and_print();
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static int64_t getch_nowait(void)
 {
         int rd;
@@ -1151,6 +1191,46 @@ static int64_t getch_nowait(void)
         set_tty_cooked();
         return key64;
 }
+#else
+static int64_t getch_nowait(void)
+{
+        int64_t c;
+
+retry:
+        c = _getch();
+        if (c == 0 || c == 0xe0) {
+                switch (_getch()) {
+                case 0x48:
+                        c = KEYCODE_UP;
+                        break;
+                case 0x50:
+                        c = KEYCODE_DOWN;
+                        break;
+                case 0x49:
+                        c = KEYCODE_PAGEUP;
+                        break;
+                case 0x51:
+                        c = KEYCODE_PAGEDOWN;
+                        break;
+                case 0x47:
+                        c = KEYCODE_HOME;
+                        break;
+                case 0x4f:
+                        c = KEYCODE_END;
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        goto retry;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Position cursor if line input is done */
+        if (less_gets_pos >= 0)
+                move_cursor(max_displayed_line + 2, less_gets_pos + 1);
+        fflush_all();
+
+        return c;
+}
+#endif
 
 /* Grab a character from input without requiring the return key.
  * May return KEYCODE_xxx values.
@@ -1791,10 +1871,12 @@ static void keypress_process(int keypress)
                 number_process(keypress);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void sig_catcher(int sig)
 {
         less_exit(- sig);
 }
+#endif
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LESS_WINCH
 static void sigwinch_handler(int sig UNUSED_PARAM)
@@ -1806,7 +1888,9 @@ static void sigwinch_handler(int sig UNUSED_PARAM)
 int less_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int less_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         char *tty_name;
+#endif
         int tty_fd;
 
         INIT_G();
@@ -1865,6 +1949,7 @@ int less_main(int argc, char **argv)
         if (option_mask32 & FLAG_TILDE)
                 empty_line_marker = "";
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* Some versions of less can survive w/o controlling tty,
          * try to do the same. This also allows to specify an alternative
          * tty via "less 1<>TTY".
@@ -1890,8 +1975,13 @@ int less_main(int argc, char **argv)
         }
         G.kbd_fd_orig_flags = ndelay_on(tty_fd);
         kbd_fd = tty_fd; /* save in a global */
+#else
+        kbd_fd = tty_fd = 0;
+#endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         get_termios_and_make_raw(tty_fd, &term_less, &term_orig, TERMIOS_RAW_CRNL_INPUT);
+#endif
 
         IF_FEATURE_LESS_ASK_TERMINAL(G.winsize_err =) get_terminal_width_height(tty_fd, &width, &max_displayed_line);
         /* 20: two tabstops + 4 */
diff --git a/miscutils/man.c b/miscutils/man.c
index d319e8bba..be3b2a000 100644
--- a/miscutils/man.c
+++ b/miscutils/man.c
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@ static char **add_MANPATH(char **man_path_list, int *count_mp, char *path)
         if (path) while (*path) {
                 char *next_path;
                 char **path_element;
-
-                next_path = strchr(path, ':');
+                next_path = strchr(path, PATH_SEP);
                 if (next_path) {
                         if (next_path == path) /* "::"? */
                                 goto next;
@@ -223,7 +222,7 @@ static char **add_MANPATH(char **man_path_list, int *count_mp, char *path)
                 if (!next_path)
                         break;
                 /* "path" may be a result of getenv(), be nice and don't mangle it */
-                *next_path = ':';
+                *next_path = PATH_SEP;
  next:
                 path = next_path + 1;
         }
@@ -260,11 +259,24 @@ int man_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         int count_mp;
         int opt, not_found;
         char *token[2];
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        char **ptr;
+        char *exepath, *relpath;
+        const char *mpl[] = { "/usr/man", "/usr/share/man", NULL, NULL };
+#endif
 
         INIT_G();
 
         opt = getopt32(argv, "^+" "aw" "\0" "-1"/*at least one arg*/);
         argv += optind;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        /* add system drive prefix to filenames, if necessary */
+        for (ptr = argv; *ptr; ++ptr) {
+                if (strchr(*ptr, '/') || strchr(*ptr, '\\'))
+                        *ptr = xabsolute_path(*ptr);
+        }
+        chdir_system_drive();
+#endif
 
         conf_sec_list = xstrdup("0p:1:1p:2:3:3p:4:5:6:7:8:9");
 
@@ -302,11 +314,25 @@ int man_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         }
         config_close(parser);
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        /* allow man pages to be stored relative to the executable */
+        exepath = xstrdup(bb_busybox_exec_path);
+        relpath = concat_path_file(dirname(exepath), "man");
+
+        if (!man_path_list) {
+                mpl[2] = relpath;
+                man_path_list = (char**)mpl;
+        }
+        else {
+                man_path_list = add_MANPATH(man_path_list, &count_mp, relpath);
+        }
+#else
         if (!man_path_list) {
                 static const char *const mpl[] = { "/usr/man", "/usr/share/man", NULL };
                 man_path_list = (char**)mpl;
                 /*count_mp = 2; - not used below anyway */
         }
+#endif
 
         {
                 /* environment overrides setting from man.config */
diff --git a/miscutils/time.c b/miscutils/time.c
index c4bcbcbc9..ac37a1375 100644
--- a/miscutils/time.c
+++ b/miscutils/time.c
@@ -22,12 +22,21 @@
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_TIME) += time.o
 
 //usage:#define time_trivial_usage
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:       "[-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS"
+//usage:     )
+//usage:     IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:       "[-pa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:#define time_full_usage "\n\n"
 //usage:       "Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits\n"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        -v      Verbose"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:     "\n        -p      POSIX output format"
+//usage:     IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        -f FMT  Custom format"
+//usage:     )
 //usage:     "\n        -o FILE Write result to FILE"
 //usage:     "\n        -a      Append (else overwrite)"
 
@@ -57,6 +66,7 @@ static const char default_format[] ALIGN1 = "real\t%E\nuser\t%u\nsys\t%T";
 /* The output format for the -p option .*/
 static const char posix_format[] ALIGN1 = "real %e\nuser %U\nsys %S";
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* Format string for printing all statistics verbosely.
    Keep this output to 24 lines so users on terminals can see it all.*/
 static const char long_format[] ALIGN1 =
@@ -83,6 +93,7 @@ static const char long_format[] ALIGN1 =
         "\tSignals delivered: %k\n"
         "\tPage size (bytes): %Z\n"
         "\tExit status: %x";
+#endif
 
 /* Wait for and fill in data on child process PID.
    Return 0 on error, 1 if ok.  */
@@ -93,7 +104,11 @@ static void resuse_end(pid_t pid, resource_t *resp)
 
         /* Ignore signals, but don't ignore the children.  When wait3
          * returns the child process, set the time the command finished. */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         while ((caught = wait3(&resp->waitstatus, 0, &resp->ru)) != pid) {
+#else
+        while ((caught=mingw_wait3(pid, &resp->waitstatus, 0, &resp->ru)) != pid) {
+#endif
                 if (caught == -1 && errno != EINTR) {
                         bb_simple_perror_msg("wait");
                         return;
@@ -102,6 +117,7 @@ static void resuse_end(pid_t pid, resource_t *resp)
         resp->elapsed_ms = monotonic_ms() - resp->elapsed_ms;
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void printargv(char *const *argv)
 {
         const char *fmt = " %s" + 1;
@@ -136,6 +152,7 @@ static unsigned long ptok(const unsigned pagesize, const unsigned long pages)
         return tmp / 1024;      /* then smaller.  */
 }
 #undef pagesize
+#endif
 
 /* summarize: Report on the system use of a command.
 
@@ -185,11 +202,17 @@ static unsigned long ptok(const unsigned pagesize, const unsigned long pages)
 #define TICKS_PER_SEC 100
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#define summarize(f, c, r) summarize(f, r)
+#endif
+
 static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         unsigned vv_ms;     /* Elapsed virtual (CPU) milliseconds */
         unsigned cpu_ticks; /* Same, in "CPU ticks" */
         unsigned pagesize = bb_getpagesize();
+#endif
 
         /* Impossible: we do not use WUNTRACED flag in wait()...
         if (WIFSTOPPED(resp->waitstatus))
@@ -203,6 +226,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                 printf("Command exited with non-zero status %u\n",
                                 WEXITSTATUS(resp->waitstatus));
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         vv_ms = (resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec + resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec) * 1000
               + (resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_usec + resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_usec) / 1000;
 
@@ -213,6 +237,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
         cpu_ticks = vv_ms * (unsigned long long)TICKS_PER_SEC / 1000;
 #endif
         if (!cpu_ticks) cpu_ticks = 1; /* we divide by it, must be nonzero */
+#endif
 
         while (*fmt) {
                 /* Handle leading literal part */
@@ -246,6 +271,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                                 bb_putchar(*fmt);
                                 break;
 #endif
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         case 'C':       /* The command that got timed.  */
                                 printargv(command);
                                 break;
@@ -254,6 +280,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                                         (ptok(pagesize, (UL) resp->ru.ru_idrss) +
                                          ptok(pagesize, (UL) resp->ru.ru_isrss)) / cpu_ticks);
                                 break;
+#endif
                         case 'E': {     /* Elapsed real (wall clock) time.  */
                                 unsigned seconds = resp->elapsed_ms / 1000;
                                 if (seconds >= 3600)    /* One hour -> h:m:s.  */
@@ -268,6 +295,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                                                         (unsigned)(resp->elapsed_ms / 10) % 100);
                                 break;
                         }
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         case 'F':       /* Major page faults.  */
                                 printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_majflt);
                                 break;
@@ -296,6 +324,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                         case 'R':       /* Minor page faults (reclaims).  */
                                 printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_minflt);
                                 break;
+#endif
                         case 'S':       /* System time.  */
                                 printf("%u.%02u",
                                                 (unsigned)resp->ru.ru_stime.tv_sec,
@@ -330,6 +359,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                                                         (unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_sec % 60),
                                                         (unsigned)(resp->ru.ru_utime.tv_usec / 10000));
                                 break;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         case 'W':       /* Times swapped out.  */
                                 printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_nswap);
                                 break;
@@ -342,11 +372,13 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                         case 'c':       /* Involuntary context switches.  */
                                 printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_nivcsw);
                                 break;
+#endif
                         case 'e':       /* Elapsed real time in seconds.  */
                                 printf("%u.%02u",
                                                 (unsigned)resp->elapsed_ms / 1000,
                                                 (unsigned)(resp->elapsed_ms / 10) % 100);
                                 break;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         case 'k':       /* Signals delivered.  */
                                 printf("%lu", resp->ru.ru_nsignals);
                                 break;
@@ -368,6 +400,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
                         case 'x':       /* Exit status.  */
                                 printf("%u", WEXITSTATUS(resp->waitstatus));
                                 break;
+#endif
                         }
                         break;
 
@@ -402,6 +435,7 @@ static void summarize(const char *fmt, char **command, resource_t *resp)
 static void run_command(char *const *cmd, resource_t *resp)
 {
         pid_t pid;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         void (*interrupt_signal)(int);
         void (*quit_signal)(int);
 
@@ -422,6 +456,13 @@ static void run_command(char *const *cmd, resource_t *resp)
         /* Re-enable signals.  */
         signal(SIGINT, interrupt_signal);
         signal(SIGQUIT, quit_signal);
+#else
+        resp->elapsed_ms = monotonic_ms();
+        if ((pid=spawn((char **)cmd)) == -1)
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't execute %s", cmd[0]);
+
+        resuse_end(pid, resp);
+#endif
 }
 
 int time_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
@@ -435,20 +476,34 @@ int time_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         int opt;
         int ex;
         enum {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 OPT_v = (1 << 0),
                 OPT_p = (1 << 1),
                 OPT_a = (1 << 2),
                 OPT_o = (1 << 3),
                 OPT_f = (1 << 4),
+#else
+                OPT_p = (1 << 0),
+                OPT_a = (1 << 1),
+                OPT_o = (1 << 2),
+#endif
         };
 
         /* "+": stop on first non-option */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         opt = getopt32(argv, "^+" "vpao:f:" "\0" "-1"/*at least one arg*/,
                                 &output_filename, &output_format
         );
+#else
+        opt = getopt32(argv, "^+" "pao:" "\0" "-1"/*at least one arg*/,
+                                &output_filename
+        );
+#endif
         argv += optind;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (opt & OPT_v)
                 output_format = long_format;
+#endif
         if (opt & OPT_p)
                 output_format = posix_format;
         output_fd = STDERR_FILENO;
diff --git a/miscutils/ts.c b/miscutils/ts.c
index c7e477cc5..af6677fc7 100644
--- a/miscutils/ts.c
+++ b/miscutils/ts.c
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ int ts_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int ts_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 {
         struct timeval base;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
+        time_t t;
+#endif
         unsigned opt;
         char *frac;
         char *fmt_dt2str;
@@ -73,7 +76,12 @@ int ts_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                         if (opt & 1) /* -i */
                                 base = ts1;
                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && !defined(_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
+                t = ts.tv_sec;
+                localtime_r(&t, &tm_time);
+#else
                 localtime_r(&ts.tv_sec, &tm_time);
+#endif
                 strftime(date_buf, COMMON_BUFSIZE, fmt_dt2str, &tm_time);
                 if (!frac) {
                         printf("%s %s", date_buf, line);
diff --git a/networking/ftpgetput.c b/networking/ftpgetput.c
index 4c92f34a1..ef0973a84 100644
--- a/networking/ftpgetput.c
+++ b/networking/ftpgetput.c
@@ -106,6 +106,9 @@ static int ftpcmd(const char *s1, const char *s2)
                 fprintf(control_stream, (s2 ? "%s %s\r\n" : "%s %s\r\n"+3),
                                                 s1, s2);
                 fflush(control_stream);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                fseek(control_stream, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
+#endif
         }
 
         do {
@@ -114,6 +117,9 @@ static int ftpcmd(const char *s1, const char *s2)
                         ftp_die(NULL);
                 }
         } while (!isdigit(buf[0]) || buf[3] != ' ');
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        fseek(control_stream, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
+#endif
 
         buf[3] = '\0';
         n = xatou(buf);
diff --git a/networking/httpd.c b/networking/httpd.c
index 33045163f..c9daa0638 100644
--- a/networking/httpd.c
+++ b/networking/httpd.c
@@ -264,7 +264,12 @@
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_HTTPD) += httpd.o
 
 //usage:#define httpd_trivial_usage
+//usage:        IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:       "[-ifv[v]]"
+//usage:        )
+//usage:        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:       "[-fv[v]]"
+//usage:        )
 //usage:       " [-c CONFFILE]"
 //usage:       " [-p [IP:]PORT]"
 //usage:        IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID(" [-u USER[:GRP]]")
@@ -273,7 +278,9 @@
 //usage:       "or httpd -d/-e" IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5("/-m") " STRING"
 //usage:#define httpd_full_usage "\n\n"
 //usage:       "Listen for incoming HTTP requests\n"
+//usage:        IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:     "\n        -i              Inetd mode"
+//usage:        )
 //usage:     "\n        -f              Run in foreground"
 //usage:     "\n        -v[v]           Verbose"
 //usage:     "\n        -p [IP:]PORT    Bind to IP:PORT (default *:"STR(CONFIG_FEATURE_HTTPD_PORT_DEFAULT)")"
@@ -322,6 +329,8 @@
 
 #define HEADER_READ_TIMEOUT 60
 
+static void send_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_and_exit(int sig) NORETURN;
+
 #define STR1(s) #s
 #define STR(s) STR1(s)
 
@@ -557,7 +566,12 @@ enum {
 } while (0)
 
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #define STRNCASECMP(a, str) strncasecmp((a), (str), sizeof(str)-1)
+#else
+/* Not exactly equivalent to strncasecmp(), but OK for its use here */
+#define STRNCASECMP(a, str) (!is_prefixed_with_case((a), (str)))
+#endif
 
 /* Prototypes */
 enum {
@@ -721,8 +735,15 @@ static int parse_conf(const char *path, int flag)
 
         filename = opt_c_configFile;
         if (flag == SUBDIR_PARSE || filename == NULL) {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 filename = alloca(strlen(path) + sizeof(HTTPD_CONF) + 2);
                 sprintf((char *)filename, "%s/%s", path, HTTPD_CONF);
+#else
+                const char *sd = need_system_drive(path);
+
+                filename = auto_string(xasprintf("%s%s/%s", sd ? sd : "",
+                                path, HTTPD_CONF));
+#endif
         }
 
         while ((f = fopen_for_read(filename)) == NULL) {
@@ -771,6 +792,7 @@ static int parse_conf(const char *path, int flag)
                          * without needless copying, therefore we don't merge
                          * this operation into next while loop. */
                         while ((ch = *p0) != '\0' && ch != '\n' && ch != '#'
+                         IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(&& ch != '\r')
                          && ch != ' ' && ch != '\t'
                         ) {
                                 p0++;
@@ -778,7 +800,11 @@ static int parse_conf(const char *path, int flag)
                         p = p0;
                         /* if we enter this loop, we have some whitespace.
                          * discard it */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         while (ch != '\0' && ch != '\n' && ch != '#') {
+#else
+                        while (ch != '\0' && ch != '\n' && ch != '\r' && ch != '#') {
+#endif
                                 if (ch != ' ' && ch != '\t') {
                                         *p++ = ch;
                                 }
@@ -1311,7 +1337,21 @@ static unsigned get_line(void)
         count = 0;
         while (1) {
                 if (hdr_cnt <= 0) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        int nfds = 1;
+                        struct pollfd fds = {STDIN_FILENO, POLLIN, 0};
+
+                        switch (poll(&fds, nfds, HEADER_READ_TIMEOUT*1000)) {
+                        case 0:
+                                send_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_and_exit(0);
+                                break;
+                        case -1:
+                                bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("poll");
+                                break;
+                        }
+#else
                         alarm(HEADER_READ_TIMEOUT);
+#endif
                         hdr_cnt = safe_read(STDIN_FILENO, hdr_buf, sizeof_hdr_buf);
                         if (hdr_cnt <= 0)
                                 goto ret;
@@ -1771,7 +1811,7 @@ static NOINLINE void send_file_and_exit(const char *url, int what)
         }
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_ETAG
         /* ETag is "hex(last_mod)-hex(file_size)" e.g. "5e132e20-417" */
-        sprintf(G.etag, "\"%llx-%llx\"", (unsigned long long)last_mod, (unsigned long long)file_size);
+        sprintf(G.etag, "\"%"LL_FMT"x-%"LL_FMT"x\"", (unsigned long long)last_mod, (unsigned long long)file_size);
 
         if (G.if_none_match) {
                 dbg("If-None-Match:'%s' file's ETag:'%s'\n", G.if_none_match, G.etag);
@@ -2026,7 +2066,11 @@ static int check_user_passwd(const char *path, char *user_and_passwd)
 
                 /* WHY? */
                 /* If already saw a match, don't accept other different matches */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 if (prev && strcmp(prev, dir_prefix) != 0)
+#else
+                if (prev && strcasecmp(prev, dir_prefix) != 0)
+#endif
                         continue;
 
                 dbg("checkPerm: '%s' ? '%s'\n", dir_prefix, user_and_passwd);
@@ -2034,7 +2078,11 @@ static int check_user_passwd(const char *path, char *user_and_passwd)
                 /* If it's not a prefix match, continue searching */
                 len = strlen(dir_prefix);
                 if (len != 1 /* dir_prefix "/" matches all, don't need to check */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                  && (strncmp(dir_prefix, path, len) != 0
+#else
+                 && (strncasecmp(dir_prefix, path, len) != 0
+#endif
                     || (path[len] != '/' && path[len] != '\0')
                     )
                 ) {
@@ -2056,6 +2104,7 @@ static int check_user_passwd(const char *path, char *user_and_passwd)
                                 goto bad_input;
 
                         /* compare "user:" */
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         if (cur->after_colon[0] != '*'
                          && strncmp(cur->after_colon, user_and_passwd,
                                         colon_after_user - user_and_passwd + 1) != 0
@@ -2063,11 +2112,20 @@ static int check_user_passwd(const char *path, char *user_and_passwd)
                                 continue;
                         }
                         /* this cfg entry is '*' or matches username from peer */
+# else
+                        if (strncmp(cur->after_colon, user_and_passwd,
+                                        colon_after_user - user_and_passwd + 1) != 0
+                        ) {
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                        /* this cfg entry matches username from peer */
+# endif
 
                         passwd = strchr(cur->after_colon, ':');
                         if (!passwd)
                                 goto bad_input;
                         passwd++;
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         if (passwd[0] == '*') {
 # if ENABLE_PAM
                                 struct pam_userinfo userinfo;
@@ -2115,11 +2173,12 @@ static int check_user_passwd(const char *path, char *user_and_passwd)
                                 goto check_encrypted;
 # endif /* ENABLE_PAM */
                         }
+# endif /* !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
                         /* Else: passwd is from httpd.conf, it is either plaintext or encrypted */
 
                         if (passwd[0] == '$' && isdigit(passwd[1])) {
                                 char *encrypted;
-# if !ENABLE_PAM
+# if !ENABLE_PAM && !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
  check_encrypted:
 # endif
                                 /* encrypt pwd from peer and check match with local one */
@@ -2168,7 +2227,6 @@ static Htaccess_Proxy *find_proxy_entry(const char *url)
 /*
  * Handle timeouts
  */
-static void send_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_and_exit(int sig) NORETURN;
 static void send_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_and_exit(int sig UNUSED_PARAM)
 {
         send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT);
@@ -2232,17 +2290,29 @@ static void handle_incoming_and_exit(const len_and_sockaddr *fromAddr)
                 remote_ip = ntohl(fromAddr->u.sin.sin_addr.s_addr);
         }
 # if ENABLE_FEATURE_IPV6
+#  if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (fromAddr->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6
          && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[0] == 0
          && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[1] == 0
          && ntohl(fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[2]) == 0xffff)
                 remote_ip = ntohl(fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_addr32[3]);
+#  else
+        if (fromAddr->u.sa.sa_family == AF_INET6
+         && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_words[0] == 0
+         && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_words[1] == 0
+         && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_words[2] == 0
+         && fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_words[3] == 0
+         && ntohl(*(uint32_t *)(fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_words+4)) == 0xffff)
+                remote_ip = ntohl(*(uint32_t *)(fromAddr->u.sin6.sin6_addr.s6_words+6));
+#  endif
 # endif
         if_ip_denied_send_HTTP_FORBIDDEN_and_exit(remote_ip);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SIGALRM
         /* Install timeout handler. get_line() needs it. */
         signal(SIGALRM, send_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_and_exit);
+#endif
 
         if (!get_line()) { /* EOF or error or empty line */
                 /* Observed Firefox to "speculatively" open
@@ -2579,7 +2649,11 @@ static void handle_incoming_and_exit(const len_and_sockaddr *fromAddr)
         /* We are done reading headers, disable peer timeout */
         alarm(0);
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (strcmp(bb_basename(urlcopy), HTTPD_CONF) == 0) {
+#else
+        if (strcasecmp(bb_basename(urlcopy), HTTPD_CONF) == 0) {
+#endif
                 /* protect listing [/path]/httpd.conf or IP deny */
                 send_headers_and_exit(HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
         }
@@ -2625,12 +2699,14 @@ static void handle_incoming_and_exit(const len_and_sockaddr *fromAddr)
         );
 }
 
+
 /*
  * The main http server function.
  * Given a socket, listen for new connections and farm out
  * the processing as a [v]forked process.
  * Never returns.
  */
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #if BB_MMU
 static void mini_httpd(int server_socket) NORETURN;
 static void mini_httpd(int server_socket)
@@ -2719,6 +2795,39 @@ static void mini_httpd_nommu(int server_socket, int argc, char **argv)
         /* never reached */
 }
 #endif
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+static void mini_httpd_win32(int fg, int sock, int argc, char **argv) NORETURN;
+static void mini_httpd_win32(int fg, int sock, int argc, char **argv)
+{
+        char *argv_copy[argc + 5];
+
+        argv_copy[0] = (char *)bb_busybox_exec_path;
+        argv_copy[1] = (char *)"--busybox";
+        argv_copy[2] = (char *)"httpd";
+        argv_copy[3] = (char *)"-I";
+        memcpy(&argv_copy[5], &argv[1], argc * sizeof(argv[0]));
+
+        while (1) {
+                int n;
+
+                /* Wait for connections... */
+                n = accept(sock, NULL, NULL);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* set the KEEPALIVE option to cull dead connections */
+                setsockopt_keepalive(n);
+
+                argv_copy[4] = itoa(n);
+                if ((fg ? spawn(argv_copy) : mingw_spawn_detach(argv_copy)) == -1)
+                        bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't execute 'httpd'");
+
+                /* parent, or spawn failed */
+                close(n);
+        } /* while (1) */
+        /* never reached */
+}
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Process a HTTP connection on stdin/out.
@@ -2736,12 +2845,39 @@ static void mini_httpd_inetd(void)
         handle_incoming_and_exit(&fromAddr);
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static void mingw_daemonize(char **argv)
+{
+        char **new_argv;
+        int argc, fd;
+
+        argc = string_array_len((char **)argv);
+        new_argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv)*(argc+3));
+        new_argv[0] = (char *)bb_busybox_exec_path;
+        new_argv[1] = (char *)"--busybox";
+        new_argv[2] = (char *)"-httpd";
+        memcpy(&new_argv[3], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv)*argc);
+
+        fd = xopen(bb_dev_null, O_RDWR);
+        xdup2(fd, 0);
+        xdup2(fd, 1);
+        xdup2(fd, 2);
+        close(fd);
+
+        if (mingw_spawn_detach(new_argv))
+                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); /* parent */
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE); /* parent */
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SIGHUP
 static void sighup_handler(int sig UNUSED_PARAM)
 {
         int sv = errno;
         parse_conf(DEFAULT_PATH_HTTPD_CONF, SIGNALED_PARSE);
         errno = sv;
 }
+#endif
 
 enum {
         c_opt_config_file = 0,
@@ -2779,6 +2915,7 @@ int httpd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID(const char *s_ugid = NULL;)
         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID(struct bb_uidgid_t ugid;)
         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5(const char *pass;)
+        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(int fd;)
 
         INIT_G();
 
@@ -2797,16 +2934,19 @@ int httpd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH("r:")
                         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5("m:")
                         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID("u:")
-                        "p:ifv"
+                        IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32("p:ifv")
+                        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32("p:I:+fv")
                         "\0"
                         /* -v counts, -i implies -f */
-                        "vv:if",
+                        IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32("vv:if",)
+                        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32("vv:If",)
                         &opt_c_configFile, &url_for_decode, &home_httpd
                         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_ENCODE_URL_STR(, &url_for_encode)
                         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_BASIC_AUTH(, &g_realm)
                         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_AUTH_MD5(, &pass)
                         IF_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID(, &s_ugid)
                         , &bind_addr_or_port
+                        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(, &fd)
                         , &verbose
                 );
         if (opt & OPT_DECODE_URL) {
@@ -2836,20 +2976,32 @@ int httpd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         }
 #endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #if !BB_MMU
         if (!(opt & OPT_FOREGROUND)) {
                 bb_daemonize_or_rexec(0, argv); /* don't change current directory */
                 re_execed = 0; /* for the following chdir to work */
         }
 #endif
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+        if (!(opt & OPT_FOREGROUND) && argv[0][0] != '-')
+                mingw_daemonize(argv);
+#endif
+
         /* Chdir to home (unless we were re_exec()ed for NOMMU case
          * in mini_httpd_nommu(): we are already in the home dir then).
          */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (!(opt & OPT_INETD))
+#else
         if (!re_execed)
+#endif
                 xchdir(home_httpd);
 
         if (!(opt & OPT_INETD)) {
+#ifdef SIGCHLD
                 signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
                 server_socket = openServer();
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_HTTPD_SETUID
                 /* drop privileges */
@@ -2883,12 +3035,23 @@ int httpd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 #endif
 
         parse_conf(DEFAULT_PATH_HTTPD_CONF, FIRST_PARSE);
+#ifdef SIGHUP
         if (!(opt & OPT_INETD))
                 signal(SIGHUP, sighup_handler);
+#endif
 
         xfunc_error_retval = 0;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (opt & OPT_INETD) {
+                xmove_fd(fd, 0);
+                xdup2(0, 1);
+                while (--fd > 2)
+                        close(fd);
+        }
+#endif
         if (opt & OPT_INETD)
                 mini_httpd_inetd(); /* never returns */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #if BB_MMU
         if (!(opt & OPT_FOREGROUND))
                 bb_daemonize(0); /* don't change current directory */
@@ -2896,5 +3059,8 @@ int httpd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
 #else
         mini_httpd_nommu(server_socket, argc, argv); /* never returns */
 #endif
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+        mini_httpd_win32(opt & OPT_FOREGROUND, server_socket, argc, argv);
+#endif
         /* return 0; */
 }
diff --git a/networking/nc.c b/networking/nc.c
index d351bf72a..5525e41f9 100644
--- a/networking/nc.c
+++ b/networking/nc.c
@@ -110,10 +110,12 @@
  * when compared to "standard" nc
  */
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void timeout(int signum UNUSED_PARAM)
 {
         bb_simple_error_msg_and_die("timed out");
 }
+#endif
 
 int nc_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int nc_main(int argc, char **argv)
@@ -123,11 +125,15 @@ int nc_main(int argc, char **argv)
         int cfd = 0;
         unsigned lport = 0;
         IF_NOT_NC_SERVER(const) unsigned do_listen = 0;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         IF_NOT_NC_EXTRA (const) unsigned wsecs = 0;
         IF_NOT_NC_EXTRA (const) unsigned delay = 0;
         IF_NOT_NC_EXTRA (const int execparam = 0;)
         IF_NC_EXTRA     (char **execparam = NULL;)
         struct pollfd pfds[2];
+#else
+        fd_set readfds, testfds;
+#endif
         int opt; /* must be signed (getopt returns -1) */
 
         if (ENABLE_NC_SERVER || ENABLE_NC_EXTRA) {
@@ -187,10 +193,12 @@ int nc_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 argv++;
         }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (wsecs) {
                 signal(SIGALRM, timeout);
                 alarm(wsecs);
         }
+#endif
 
         if (!cfd) {
                 if (do_listen) {
@@ -208,11 +216,13 @@ int nc_main(int argc, char **argv)
                         }
 #endif
                         close_on_exec_on(sfd);
- accept_again:
+ IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(accept_again:)
                         cfd = accept(sfd, NULL, 0);
                         if (cfd < 0)
                                 bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("accept");
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         if (!execparam)
+#endif
                                 close(sfd);
                 } else {
                         cfd = create_and_connect_stream_or_die(argv[0],
@@ -220,6 +230,7 @@ int nc_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 }
         }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (wsecs) {
                 alarm(0);
                 /* Non-ignored signals revert to SIG_DFL on exec anyway */
@@ -244,16 +255,24 @@ int nc_main(int argc, char **argv)
                 IF_NC_EXTRA(BB_EXECVP(execparam[0], execparam);)
                 IF_NC_EXTRA(bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't execute '%s'", execparam[0]);)
         }
+#endif
 
         /* loop copying stdin to cfd, and cfd to stdout */
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         pfds[0].fd = STDIN_FILENO;
         pfds[0].events = POLLIN;
         pfds[1].fd = cfd;
         pfds[1].events = POLLIN;
+#else
+        FD_ZERO(&readfds);
+        FD_SET(cfd, &readfds);
+        FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &readfds);
+#endif
 
 #define iobuf bb_common_bufsiz1
         setup_common_bufsiz();
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         for (;;) {
                 int fdidx;
                 int ofd;
@@ -288,5 +307,41 @@ int nc_main(int argc, char **argv)
                         fdidx++;
                 }
         }
+#else
+        for (;;) {
+                int fd;
+                int ofd;
+                int nread;
+
+                testfds = readfds;
+
+                if (select(cfd + 1, &testfds, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+                        bb_simple_perror_msg_and_die("select");
+
+                fd = STDIN_FILENO;
+                while (1) {
+                        if (FD_ISSET(fd, &testfds)) {
+                                nread = safe_read(fd, iobuf, COMMON_BUFSIZE);
+                                if (fd == cfd) {
+                                        if (nread < 1)
+                                                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                                        ofd = STDOUT_FILENO;
+                                } else {
+                                        if (nread < 1) {
+                                                /* Close outgoing half-connection so they get EOF,
+                                                 * but leave incoming alone so we can see response */
+                                                shutdown(cfd, SHUT_WR);
+                                                FD_CLR(STDIN_FILENO, &readfds);
+                                        }
+                                        ofd = cfd;
+                                }
+                                xwrite(ofd, iobuf, nread);
+                        }
+                        if (fd == cfd)
+                                break;
+                        fd = cfd;
+                }
+        }
+#endif
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/networking/ssl_client.c b/networking/ssl_client.c
index 397aad297..27575a2bf 100644
--- a/networking/ssl_client.c
+++ b/networking/ssl_client.c
@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_SSL_CLIENT) += ssl_client.o
 
 //usage:#define ssl_client_trivial_usage
+//usage:    IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
 //usage:       "[-e] -s FD [-r FD] [-n SNI]"
+//usage:    )
+//usage:    IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(
+//usage:       "[-e] -h handle [-n SNI]"
+//usage:    )
 //usage:#define ssl_client_full_usage ""
 
 #include "libbb.h"
@@ -26,15 +31,23 @@ int ssl_client_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         tls_state_t *tls;
         const char *sni = NULL;
         int opt;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        char *hstr = NULL;
+        HANDLE h;
+#endif
 
         // INIT_G();
 
         tls = new_tls_state();
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         opt = getopt32(argv, "es:+r:+n:", &tls->ofd, &tls->ifd, &sni);
         if (!(opt & (1<<2))) {
                 /* -r N defaults to -s N */
                 tls->ifd = tls->ofd;
         }
+#else
+        opt = getopt32(argv, "eh:n:", &hstr, &sni);
+#endif
 
         if (!(opt & (3<<1))) {
                 if (!argv[1])
@@ -47,6 +60,14 @@ int ssl_client_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                         sni = argv[1];
                 tls->ifd = tls->ofd = create_and_connect_stream_or_die(argv[1], 443);
         }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        else {
+                if (!hstr || sscanf(hstr, "%p", &h) != 1)
+                        bb_error_msg_and_die("invalid handle");
+                init_winsock();
+                tls->ifd = tls->ofd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)h, _O_RDWR|_O_BINARY);
+        }
+#endif
 
         tls_handshake(tls, sni);
 
diff --git a/networking/tls.c b/networking/tls.c
index 415952f16..5f40aec70 100644
--- a/networking/tls.c
+++ b/networking/tls.c
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ static void dump_tls_record(const void *vp, int len)
 
 void FAST_FUNC tls_get_random(void *buf, unsigned len)
 {
-        if (len != open_read_close("/dev/urandom", buf, len))
+        if (len != MINGW_SPECIAL(open_read_close)("/dev/urandom", buf, len))
                 xfunc_die();
 }
 
diff --git a/networking/wget.c b/networking/wget.c
index 9ec0e67b9..5470502aa 100644
--- a/networking/wget.c
+++ b/networking/wget.c
@@ -517,6 +517,9 @@ static int ftpcmd(const char *s1, const char *s2, FILE *fp)
                         fprintf(stderr, "--> %s%s\n\n", s1, s2);
                 fflush(fp);
                 log_io("> %s%s", s1, s2);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
+#endif
         }
 
         /* Read until "Nxx something" is received */
@@ -524,6 +527,9 @@ static int ftpcmd(const char *s1, const char *s2, FILE *fp)
         do {
                 fgets_trim_sanitize(fp, "%s\n");
         } while (!isdigit(G.wget_buf[0]) || G.wget_buf[3] != ' ');
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        fseek(fp, 0L, SEEK_CUR);
+#endif
 
         G.wget_buf[3] = '\0';
         result = xatoi_positive(G.wget_buf);
@@ -766,6 +772,7 @@ static int spawn_https_helper_openssl(const char *host, unsigned port)
 #endif
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_WGET_HTTPS
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void spawn_ssl_client(const char *host, int network_fd, int flags)
 {
         int sp[2];
@@ -820,6 +827,32 @@ static void spawn_ssl_client(const char *host, int network_fd, int flags)
         close(sp[1]);
         xmove_fd(sp[0], network_fd);
 }
+# else
+static void spawn_ssl_client(const char *host, int network_fd, int flags)
+{
+        int fd1;
+        char *servername, *p, *cmd;
+
+        servername = xstrdup(host);
+        p = strrchr(servername, ':');
+        if (p) *p = '\0';
+
+        fflush_all();
+
+        cmd = xasprintf("%s --busybox ssl_client -h %p -n %s%s",
+                                        bb_busybox_exec_path,
+                                        (void *)_get_osfhandle(network_fd), servername,
+                                        flags & TLSLOOP_EXIT_ON_LOCAL_EOF ? " -e" : "");
+
+        if ( (fd1=mingw_popen_fd(cmd, "b", -1, NULL)) == -1 ) {
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't execute ssl_client");
+        }
+
+        free(cmd);
+        free(servername);
+        xmove_fd(fd1, network_fd);
+}
+# endif
 #endif
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_WGET_FTP
diff --git a/procps/free.c b/procps/free.c
index 0b68e1b88..f19c38dd5 100644
--- a/procps/free.c
+++ b/procps/free.c
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ static const char *scale(struct globals *g, unsigned long d)
         return make_human_readable_str(d, g->mem_unit, G_unit);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* NOINLINE reduces main() stack usage, which makes code smaller (on x86 at least) */
 static NOINLINE unsigned int parse_meminfo(struct globals *g)
 {
@@ -103,6 +104,14 @@ static NOINLINE unsigned int parse_meminfo(struct globals *g)
 
         return seen_cached_and_available_and_reclaimable == 0;
 }
+#else
+static NOINLINE unsigned int parse_meminfo(struct globals *g)
+{
+        g->cached_kb = g->available_kb = g->reclaimable_kb = 0;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+#endif
 
 int free_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
 int free_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv IF_NOT_DESKTOP(UNUSED_PARAM))
diff --git a/procps/iostat.c b/procps/iostat.c
index 1c6fb87ba..7bf567c34 100644
--- a/procps/iostat.c
+++ b/procps/iostat.c
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #if 1
 typedef unsigned long long cputime_t;
 typedef long long icputime_t;
-# define FMT_DATA "ll"
+# define FMT_DATA LL_FMT
 # define CPUTIME_MAX (~0ULL)
 #else
 typedef unsigned long cputime_t;
diff --git a/procps/kill.c b/procps/kill.c
index 8f10e21ab..8c2bc2b6f 100644
--- a/procps/kill.c
+++ b/procps/kill.c
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ int kill_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
  do_it_now:
         pid = getpid();
 
+#if ENABLE_KILLALL5
         if (is_killall5) {
                 pid_t sid;
                 procps_status_t* p = NULL;
@@ -264,6 +265,7 @@ int kill_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                         kill(-1, SIGCONT);
                 return errors;
         }
+#endif
 
 #if ENABLE_KILL || ENABLE_KILLALL
         /* Pid or name is required for kill/killall */
diff --git a/procps/mpstat.c b/procps/mpstat.c
index c78c1f0a0..883c4d52d 100644
--- a/procps/mpstat.c
+++ b/procps/mpstat.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 #if 1
 typedef unsigned long long data_t;
 typedef long long idata_t;
-#define FMT_DATA "ll"
+#define FMT_DATA LL_FMT
 #define DATA_MAX ULLONG_MAX
 #else
 typedef unsigned long data_t;
diff --git a/procps/ps.c b/procps/ps.c
index 03b9c418c..4c6e07e8b 100644
--- a/procps/ps.c
+++ b/procps/ps.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ enum { MAX_WIDTH = 2*1024 };
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_TIME || ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_LONG
 static unsigned long get_uptime(void)
 {
-#ifdef __linux__
+#if defined __linux__ || ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         struct sysinfo info;
         if (sysinfo(&info) < 0)
                 return 0;
@@ -237,10 +237,12 @@ static void func_comm(char *buf, int size, const procps_status_t *ps)
         safe_strncpy(buf, ps->comm, size+1);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void func_state(char *buf, int size, const procps_status_t *ps)
 {
         safe_strncpy(buf, ps->state, size+1);
 }
+#endif
 
 static void func_args(char *buf, int size, const procps_status_t *ps)
 {
@@ -257,6 +259,7 @@ static void func_ppid(char *buf, int size, const procps_status_t *ps)
         sprintf(buf, "%*u", size, ps->ppid);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static void func_pgid(char *buf, int size, const procps_status_t *ps)
 {
         sprintf(buf, "%*u", size, ps->pgid);
@@ -293,6 +296,7 @@ static void func_tty(char *buf, int size, const procps_status_t *ps)
         if (ps->tty_major) /* tty field of "0" means "no tty" */
                 snprintf(buf, size+1, "%u,%u", ps->tty_major, ps->tty_minor);
 }
+#endif
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_ADDITIONAL_COLUMNS
 static void func_rgroup(char *buf, int size, const procps_status_t *ps)
@@ -383,7 +387,9 @@ static const ps_out_t out_spec[] ALIGN_PTR = {
         { MAX_WIDTH          , "args"  ,"COMMAND",func_args  ,PSSCAN_COMM    },
         { 5                  , "pid"   ,"PID"    ,func_pid   ,PSSCAN_PID     },
         { 5                  , "ppid"  ,"PPID"   ,func_ppid  ,PSSCAN_PPID    },
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         { 5                  , "pgid"  ,"PGID"   ,func_pgid  ,PSSCAN_PGID    },
+#endif
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_TIME
         { sizeof("ELAPSED")-1, "etime" ,"ELAPSED",func_etime ,PSSCAN_START_TIME },
 #endif
@@ -396,12 +402,14 @@ static const ps_out_t out_spec[] ALIGN_PTR = {
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_TIME
         { 5                  , "time"  ,"TIME"   ,func_time  ,PSSCAN_STIME | PSSCAN_UTIME },
 #endif
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         { 6                  , "tty"   ,"TT"     ,func_tty   ,PSSCAN_TTY     },
         { 4                  , "vsz"   ,"VSZ"    ,func_vsz   ,PSSCAN_VSZ     },
 /* Not mandated, but useful: */
         { 5                  , "sid"   ,"SID"    ,func_sid   ,PSSCAN_SID     },
         { 4                  , "stat"  ,"STAT"   ,func_state ,PSSCAN_STATE   },
         { 4                  , "rss"   ,"RSS"    ,func_rss   ,PSSCAN_RSS     },
+#endif
 #if ENABLE_SELINUX
         { 35                 , "label" ,"LABEL"  ,func_label ,PSSCAN_CONTEXT },
 #endif
@@ -544,6 +552,8 @@ static void format_process(const procps_status_t *ps)
 #if ENABLE_SELINUX
 # define SELINUX_O_PREFIX "label,"
 # define DEFAULT_O_STR    (SELINUX_O_PREFIX "pid,user" IF_FEATURE_PS_TIME(",time") ",args")
+#elif ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# define DEFAULT_O_STR    ("pid,ppid,user" IF_FEATURE_PS_TIME(",time,etime") ",args")
 #else
 # define DEFAULT_O_STR    ("pid,user" IF_FEATURE_PS_TIME(",time") ",args")
 #endif
diff --git a/procps/smemcap.c b/procps/smemcap.c
index 2f1897dae..429cc8a3e 100644
--- a/procps/smemcap.c
+++ b/procps/smemcap.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 //kbuild:lib-$(CONFIG_SMEMCAP) += smemcap.o
 
 #include "libbb.h"
+#define BB_ARCHIVE_PUBLIC
 #include "bb_archive.h"
 
 struct fileblock {
diff --git a/scripts/basic/.gitignore b/scripts/basic/.gitignore
index d91e941a4..3d20e4f15 100644
--- a/scripts/basic/.gitignore
+++ b/scripts/basic/.gitignore
@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@ hash
 fixdep
 docproc
 split-include
+/docproc.exe
+/fixdep.exe
+/split-include.exe
diff --git a/scripts/basic/docproc.c b/scripts/basic/docproc.c
index 4464e1874..2c7a19b83 100644
--- a/scripts/basic/docproc.c
+++ b/scripts/basic/docproc.c
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 #include <sys/wait.h>
+#endif
 //bbox disabled: #include <alloca.h>
 
 /* exitstatus is used to keep track of any failing calls to kernel-doc,
@@ -78,12 +80,24 @@ void usage (void)
  */
 void exec_kernel_doc(char **svec)
 {
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
         pid_t pid;
         int ret;
+#endif
         char *real_filename;
         int rflen;
 
         /* Make sure output generated so far are flushed */
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        fflush(stdout);
+        rflen  = strlen(getenv("SRCTREE"));
+        rflen += strlen(KERNELDOCPATH KERNELDOC);
+        real_filename = alloca(rflen + 1);
+        strcpy(real_filename, getenv("SRCTREE"));
+        strcat(real_filename, KERNELDOCPATH KERNELDOC);
+        fprintf(stderr, "NOTIMPL: exec %s\n", real_filename);
+        exit(1);
+#else
         fflush(stdout);
         switch(pid=fork()) {
                 case -1:
@@ -106,6 +120,7 @@ void exec_kernel_doc(char **svec)
                 exitstatus |= WEXITSTATUS(ret);
         else
                 exitstatus = 0xff;
+#endif
 }
 
 /* Types used to create list of all exported symbols in a number of files */
diff --git a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
index 426b4888b..64fd92f06 100644
--- a/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
+++ b/scripts/basic/fixdep.c
@@ -104,7 +104,9 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 #include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -112,7 +114,9 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
+#endif
 //bbox disabled: #include <alloca.h>
 
 /* bbox: not needed
@@ -122,6 +126,57 @@
 #define INT_FIG_ ntohl(0x4649475f)
 */
 
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+#define UNUSED __attribute__ ((__unused__))
+
+/* Workaround specifically for fixdep */
+#define PROT_READ 0
+#define MAP_PRIVATE 0
+void *mmap(void *start UNUSED, size_t size, int prot UNUSED,
+           int flags UNUSED, int fd, off_t offset UNUSED)
+{
+        void *p;
+        void *curP;
+        ssize_t readB;
+
+        p = malloc(size);
+        if (!p)
+                return (void*)((long)-1);
+
+        curP = p;
+
+        while (size > 0)
+        {
+                readB = read(fd, curP, size);
+
+                if (readB == 0)
+                {
+                        /* EOF reached */
+                        break;
+                }
+                else if (readB < 0)
+                {
+                        perror("fixdep: read config");
+                        free(p);
+                        return (void*)((long)-1);
+                }
+
+                size -= readB;
+                curP += readB;
+        }
+
+        return p;
+}
+void munmap(void *p, size_t size UNUSED)
+{
+        free(p);
+}
+#endif
+
 char *target;
 char *depfile;
 char *cmdline;
@@ -286,7 +341,7 @@ void do_config_file(char *filename)
         int fd;
         void *map;
 
-        fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+        fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
         if (fd < 0) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: ");
                 perror(filename);
@@ -298,7 +353,7 @@ void do_config_file(char *filename)
                 return;
         }
         map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-        if ((long) map == -1) {
+        if ((intptr_t) map == -1) {
                 perror("fixdep: mmap");
                 close(fd);
                 return;
@@ -334,10 +389,12 @@ void parse_dep_file(void *map, size_t len)
                         m++;
                 p = m;
                 while (p < end && *p != ' ') p++;
+                if (p == m) break;
                 if (p == end) {
-                        do p--; while (!isalnum((unsigned char)*p));
+                        do p--; while (p != m && !isalnum((unsigned char)*p));
                         p++;
                 }
+                if (p == m) break;
                 memcpy(s, m, p-m); s[p-m] = 0;
                 if (strrcmp(s, "include/autoconf.h") &&
                     strrcmp(s, "arch/um/include/uml-config.h") &&
@@ -345,6 +402,7 @@ void parse_dep_file(void *map, size_t len)
                         printf("  %s \\\n", s);
                         do_config_file(s);
                 }
+                if (p == end) break;
                 m = p + 1;
         }
         printf("\n%s: $(deps_%s)\n\n", target, target);
@@ -357,7 +415,7 @@ void print_deps(void)
         int fd;
         void *map;
 
-        fd = open(depfile, O_RDONLY);
+        fd = open(depfile, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
         if (fd < 0) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "fixdep: ");
                 perror(depfile);
@@ -370,7 +428,7 @@ void print_deps(void)
                 return;
         }
         map = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-        if ((long) map == -1) {
+        if ((intptr_t) map == -1) {
                 perror("fixdep: mmap");
                 close(fd);
                 return;
diff --git a/scripts/basic/split-include.c b/scripts/basic/split-include.c
index 6ef29195e..290bea2fb 100644
--- a/scripts/basic/split-include.c
+++ b/scripts/basic/split-include.c
@@ -39,8 +39,6 @@
         exit(1);                                                        \
     }
 
-
-
 int main(int argc, const char * argv [])
 {
     const char * str_my_name;
@@ -89,7 +87,11 @@ int main(int argc, const char * argv [])
     /* Make output directory if needed. */
     if (stat(str_dir_config, &stat_buf) != 0)
     {
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        if (mkdir(str_dir_config) != 0)
+#else
         if (mkdir(str_dir_config, 0755) != 0)
+#endif
             ERROR_EXIT(str_dir_config);
     }
 
@@ -149,7 +151,12 @@ int main(int argc, const char * argv [])
                 {
                     ptarget[islash] = '\0';
                     if (stat(ptarget, &stat_buf) != 0
-                    &&  mkdir(ptarget, 0755)     != 0)
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+                    &&  mkdir(ptarget)           != 0
+#else
+                    &&  mkdir(ptarget, 0755)     != 0
+#endif
+                    )
                         ERROR_EXIT( ptarget );
                     ptarget[islash] = '/';
                 }
diff --git a/scripts/bloat-o-meter b/scripts/bloat-o-meter
index b4a1d2811..26474595f 100755
--- a/scripts/bloat-o-meter
+++ b/scripts/bloat-o-meter
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ if f1 is None or f2 is None:
 
 sym_args = " ".join(sys.argv[3 + flag_timing + dashes:])
 def getsizes(file):
+    if file.endswith(".exe"):
+        return getsizes_pe(file)
     sym, alias, lut, section = {}, {}, {}, {}
     for l in os.popen("readelf -W -S " + file).readlines():
         x = l.replace("[ ", "[", 1).split()
@@ -80,6 +82,29 @@ def getsizes(file):
             sym[alias[(addr, sz)]["name"]] = {"addr" : addr, "size": sz}
     return sym
 
+def getsizes_pe(file):
+    sym, sections = {}, {}
+    prefix = os.getenv("CROSS_COMPILE", "")
+    for l in os.popen(prefix + "objdump -h " + file).readlines():
+        x = l.split()
+        if len(x) != 7: continue
+        sections[x[1]] = 1
+        if x[1] not in [".rdata"]: continue
+        sym[x[1]] = {"addr" : int(x[3], 16), "size" : int(x[2], 16)}
+    for l in os.popen(prefix + "nm -S --size-sort %s %s" % (sym_args, file)).readlines():
+        if len(l.split()) != 4: continue
+        value, size, typ, name = l.split()
+        if typ in ["N"]: continue # skip debug symbols
+        if name in sections: continue # bare reference to section
+        value = int(value, 16)
+        size = int(size, 16)
+        if "$" in name:
+            section, name = name.split("$")
+            if section in sym:
+                sym[section]["size"] -= size
+        sym[name] = {"addr" : value, "size":  size}
+    return sym
+
 if flag_timing:
     start_t1 = int(time.time() * 1e9)
 old = getsizes(f1)
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore b/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore
index b49584c93..aa9c7d637 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/.gitignore
@@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ mconf
 qconf
 gconf
 kxgettext
+/conf.exe
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/conf.c b/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
index 39ec1cdb6..4680932d7 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/conf.c
@@ -193,9 +193,14 @@ static void conf_askvalue(struct symbol *sym, const char *def)
                         break;
                 }
         case set_random:
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+                fprintf(stderr, "set_random not supported\n");
+                exit(1);
+#else
                 do {
                         val = (tristate)(random() % 3);
                 } while (!sym_tristate_within_range(sym, val));
+#endif
                 switch (val) {
                 case no: line[0] = 'n'; break;
                 case mod: line[0] = 'm'; break;
@@ -407,7 +412,12 @@ static int conf_choice(struct menu *menu)
                                 continue;
                         break;
                 case set_random:
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+                fprintf(stderr, "set_random not supported\n");
+                exit(1);
+#else
                         def = (random() % cnt) + 1;
+#endif
                 case set_default:
                 case set_yes:
                 case set_mod:
@@ -563,8 +573,13 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                         input_mode = set_yes;
                         break;
                 case 'r':
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+                        fprintf(stderr, "set_random not supported\n");
+                        exit(1);
+#else
                         input_mode = set_random;
                         srandom(time(NULL));
+#endif
                         break;
                 case 'h':
                 case '?':
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c b/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c
index 249a3195e..2f7fa6618 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/confdata.c
@@ -584,15 +584,24 @@ int conf_write(const char *name)
         fclose(out);
         if (out_h) {
                 fclose(out_h);
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+                unlink("include/autoconf.h");
+#endif
                 rename(".tmpconfig.h", "include/autoconf.h");
         }
         if (!name || basename != conf_def_filename) {
                 if (!name)
                         name = conf_def_filename;
                 sprintf(tmpname, "%s.old", name);
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+                unlink(tmpname);
+#endif
                 rename(name, tmpname);
         }
         sprintf(tmpname, "%s%s", dirname, basename);
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        unlink(tmpname);
+#endif
         if (rename(newname, tmpname))
                 return 1;
 
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h b/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
index 527f60c99..b88b89d2d 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/lkc.h
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 #ifndef KBUILD_NO_NLS
 # include <libintl.h>
 #else
-# define gettext(Msgid) ((const char *) (Msgid))
-# define textdomain(Domainname) ((const char *) (Domainname))
-# define bindtextdomain(Domainname, Dirname) ((const char *) (Dirname))
+static inline const char *gettext(const char *txt) { return txt; }
+static inline void textdomain(const char *domainname) {}
+static inline void bindtextdomain(const char *name, const char *dir) {}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c b/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c
index aaf82820e..55afeb763 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/mconf.c
@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@
 /* On Darwin, this may be needed to get SIGWINCH: */
 #define _DARWIN_C_SOURCE 1
 
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
+#endif
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -23,13 +25,17 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <strings.h> /* for strcasecmp */
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 #include <termios.h>
+#endif
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <locale.h>
 
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 #ifndef SIGWINCH
 #define SIGWINCH 28
 #endif
+#endif
 
 #define LKC_DIRECT_LINK
 #include "lkc.h"
@@ -270,11 +276,15 @@ static char input_buf[4096];
 static const char filename[] = ".config";
 static char *args[1024], **argptr = args;
 static int indent;
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 static struct termios ios_org;
+#endif
 static int rows = 0, cols = 0;
 static struct menu *current_menu;
 static int child_count;
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 static int do_resize;
+#endif
 static int single_menu_mode;
 
 static void conf(struct menu *menu);
@@ -294,6 +304,9 @@ static int cprint(const char *fmt, ...);
 
 static void init_wsize(void)
 {
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        fprintf(stderr, "Skipping attempt to change window size\n");
+#else
         struct winsize ws;
         char *env;
 
@@ -325,6 +338,7 @@ static void init_wsize(void)
 
         rows -= 4;
         cols -= 5;
+#endif
 }
 
 static void cprint_init(void)
@@ -461,6 +475,10 @@ static void winch_handler(int sig)
 
 static int exec_conf(void)
 {
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        fprintf(stderr, "exec_conf not implemented\n");
+        exit(1);
+#else
         int pipefd[2], stat, size;
         sigset_t sset, osset;
 
@@ -535,6 +553,7 @@ static int exec_conf(void)
         sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &osset, NULL);
 
         return WEXITSTATUS(stat);
+#endif
 }
 
 static void search_conf(void)
@@ -788,7 +807,7 @@ static void conf(struct menu *menu)
                         switch (type) {
                         case 'm':
                                 if (single_menu_mode)
-                                        submenu->data = (void *) (long) !submenu->data;
+                                        submenu->data = (void *) (intptr_t) !submenu->data;
                                 else
                                         conf(submenu);
                                 break;
@@ -1051,7 +1070,9 @@ static void conf_save(void)
 
 static void conf_cleanup(void)
 {
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
         tcsetattr(1, TCSAFLUSH, &ios_org);
+#endif
         unlink(".help.tmp");
         unlink("lxdialog.scrltmp");
 }
@@ -1080,7 +1101,9 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
                         single_menu_mode = 1;
         }
 
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
         tcgetattr(1, &ios_org);
+#endif
         atexit(conf_cleanup);
         init_wsize();
         conf(&rootmenu);
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c b/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
index 3d7877afc..63199cd93 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
 #include <regex.h>
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
+#endif
 
 #define LKC_DIRECT_LINK
 #include "lkc.h"
@@ -44,7 +46,9 @@ void sym_add_default(struct symbol *sym, const char *def)
 void sym_init(void)
 {
         struct symbol *sym;
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
         struct utsname uts;
+#endif
         char *p;
         static bool inited = false;
 
@@ -52,7 +56,9 @@ void sym_init(void)
                 return;
         inited = true;
 
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
         uname(&uts);
+#endif
 
         sym = sym_lookup("ARCH", 0);
         sym->type = S_STRING;
@@ -71,7 +77,11 @@ void sym_init(void)
         sym = sym_lookup("UNAME_RELEASE", 0);
         sym->type = S_STRING;
         sym->flags |= SYMBOL_AUTO;
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        sym_add_default(sym, "UNKNOWN");
+#else
         sym_add_default(sym, uts.release);
+#endif
 }
 
 enum symbol_type sym_get_type(struct symbol *sym)
@@ -720,6 +730,10 @@ struct symbol *sym_find(const char *name)
 
 struct symbol **sym_re_search(const char *pattern)
 {
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        fprintf(stderr, "NOTIMPL: sym_re_search\n");
+        exit(1);
+#else
         struct symbol *sym, **sym_arr = NULL;
         int i, cnt, size;
         regex_t re;
@@ -752,6 +766,7 @@ struct symbol **sym_re_search(const char *pattern)
         regfree(&re);
 
         return sym_arr;
+#endif
 }
 
 
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c_shipped b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c_shipped
index 29d9cf6cc..6996aba7f 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c_shipped
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c_shipped
@@ -161,43 +161,43 @@ kconf_id_lookup (register const char *str, register unsigned int len)
   static struct kconf_id wordlist[] =
     {
       {-1}, {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str2,             T_IF,           TF_COMMAND|TF_PARAM},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str3,             T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_INT},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str4,             T_HELP,         TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str5,             T_ENDIF,        TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str6,             T_SELECT,       TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str7,     T_ENDMENU,      TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str8,     T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_TRISTATE},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str9,     T_ENDCHOICE,    TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str10,            T_RANGE,        TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str11,            T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_STRING},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str12,    T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_UNKNOWN},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str13,    T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str14,            T_MENU,         TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str2,         T_IF,           TF_COMMAND|TF_PARAM},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str3,         T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_INT},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str4,         T_HELP,         TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str5,         T_ENDIF,        TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str6,         T_SELECT,       TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str7, T_ENDMENU,      TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str8, T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_TRISTATE},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str9, T_ENDCHOICE,    TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str10,                T_RANGE,        TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str11,                T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_STRING},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str12,        T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_UNKNOWN},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str13,        T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str14,                T_MENU,         TF_COMMAND},
       {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str16,    T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str17,    T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_TRISTATE},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str18,    T_MAINMENU,     TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str16,        T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str17,        T_DEFAULT,      TF_COMMAND, S_TRISTATE},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str18,        T_MAINMENU,     TF_COMMAND},
       {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str20,    T_MENUCONFIG,   TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str21,            T_CONFIG,       TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str22,            T_ON,           TF_PARAM},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str23,            T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_HEX},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str20,        T_MENUCONFIG,   TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str21,                T_CONFIG,       TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str22,                T_ON,           TF_PARAM},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str23,                T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_HEX},
       {-1}, {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str26,            T_SOURCE,       TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str27,    T_DEPENDS,      TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str28,    T_OPTIONAL,     TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str26,                T_SOURCE,       TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str27,        T_DEPENDS,      TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str28,        T_OPTIONAL,     TF_COMMAND},
       {-1}, {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str31,            T_SELECT,       TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str32,    T_COMMENT,      TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str33,    T_REQUIRES,     TF_COMMAND},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str34,            T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str31,                T_SELECT,       TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str32,        T_COMMENT,      TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str33,        T_REQUIRES,     TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str34,                T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
       {-1}, {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str37,    T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str37,        T_TYPE,         TF_COMMAND, S_BOOLEAN},
       {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str41,            T_CHOICE,       TF_COMMAND},
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str41,                T_CHOICE,       TF_COMMAND},
       {-1}, {-1}, {-1}, {-1},
-      {(int)(long)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str46,            T_PROMPT,       TF_COMMAND}
+      {(int)(intptr_t)&((struct kconf_id_strings_t *)0)->kconf_id_strings_str46,                T_PROMPT,       TF_COMMAND}
     };
 
   if (len <= MAX_WORD_LENGTH && len >= MIN_WORD_LENGTH)
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c_shipped b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c_shipped
index a27d256d6..863f375be 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c_shipped
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c_shipped
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
diff --git a/shell/Kbuild.src b/shell/Kbuild.src
index 6bba4989f..a287fce4e 100644
--- a/shell/Kbuild.src
+++ b/shell/Kbuild.src
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ lib-y:=
 INSERT
 
 lib-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_MATH) += math.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL) += random.o
diff --git a/shell/ash.c b/shell/ash.c
index 827643808..ad1e5ba7e 100644
--- a/shell/ash.c
+++ b/shell/ash.c
@@ -15,6 +15,21 @@
  *
  * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
  */
+
+/*
+ * MinGW notes
+ *
+ * - Environment variables from Windows will all be turned to uppercase.
+ * - PATH accepts both ; and : as separator, but can't be mixed
+ * - command without ".exe" extension is still understood as executable
+ * - shell scripts on the path are detected by the presence of '#!'
+ * - both / and \ are supported in PATH. Usually you must use /
+ * - job control doesn't work, though the jobs builtin is available
+ * - trap doesn't work for signals, only EXIT
+ * - /dev/null is supported for redirection
+ * - fake $PPID
+ */
+
 //config:config SHELL_ASH
 //config:       bool #hidden option
 //config:       depends on !NOMMU
@@ -153,6 +168,25 @@
 //config:       you to run the specified command or builtin,
 //config:       even when there is a function with the same name.
 //config:
+//config:
+//config:config ASH_NOCONSOLE
+//config:       bool "'noconsole' option"
+//config:       default y
+//config:       depends on (ASH || SH_IS_ASH || BASH_IS_ASH) && PLATFORM_MINGW32
+//config:       help
+//config:       Enable support for the 'noconsole' option, which attempts to
+//config:       hide the console normally associated with a command line
+//config:       application.  This may be useful when running a shell script
+//config:       from a GUI application.
+//config:
+//config:config ASH_NOCASEGLOB
+//config:       bool "'nocaseglob' option"
+//config:       default y
+//config:       depends on (ASH || SH_IS_ASH || BASH_IS_ASH) && PLATFORM_MINGW32
+//config:       help
+//config:       Enable support for the 'nocaseglob' option, which allows
+//config:       case-insensitive filename globbing.
+//config:
 //config:endif # ash options
 
 //applet:IF_ASH(APPLET(ash, BB_DIR_BIN, BB_SUID_DROP))
@@ -178,7 +212,17 @@
 
 #define PROFILE 0
 
+/*
+ * Only one of JOBS or JOBS_WIN32 is enabled at a time (or neither).
+ * JOBS_WIN32 doesn't enable job control, just some job-related features.
+ */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#define JOBS_WIN32 ENABLE_ASH_JOB_CONTROL
+#define JOBS 0
+#else
+#define JOBS_WIN32 0
 #define JOBS ENABLE_ASH_JOB_CONTROL
+#endif
 
 #include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <sys/times.h>
@@ -299,10 +343,81 @@ typedef long arith_t;
 # define unlikely(cond) (cond)
 #endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# define is_relative_path(path) ((path)[0] != '/')
+#endif
+
 #if !BB_MMU
 # error "Do not even bother, ash will not run on NOMMU machine"
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# define FORKSHELL_DEBUG 0
+
+union node;
+struct strlist;
+struct job;
+
+struct forkshell {
+        /* filled by forkshell_copy() */
+        struct globals_var *gvp;
+        struct globals_misc *gmp;
+        struct tblentry **cmdtable;
+#if ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS
+        struct alias **atab;
+#endif
+#if MAX_HISTORY
+        char **history;
+        int cnt_history;
+#endif
+        /* struct parsefile *g_parsefile; */
+        HANDLE hMapFile;
+        char *old_base;
+        int size;
+# if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+        int funcblocksize;
+        int funcstringsize;
+# endif
+        int relocatesize;
+
+        /* type of forkshell */
+        int fpid;
+
+        /* generic data, used by forkshell_child */
+        int mode;
+        int nprocs;
+
+        /* optional data, used by forkshell_child */
+        int flags;
+        int fd[3];
+        union node *n;
+        char **argv;
+        char *path;
+};
+
+enum {
+        FS_OPENHERE,
+        FS_EVALBACKCMD,
+        FS_EVALSUBSHELL,
+        FS_EVALPIPE,
+        FS_SHELLEXEC
+};
+
+static struct forkshell* forkshell_prepare(struct forkshell *fs);
+static void forkshell_init(const char *idstr);
+static void *sticky_mem_start, *sticky_mem_end;
+static void sticky_free(void *p);
+# define free(p) sticky_free(p)
+#if !JOBS && !JOBS_WIN32
+#define spawn_forkshell(fs, jp, n, mode) spawn_forkshell(fs, jp, mode)
+#endif
+static void spawn_forkshell(struct forkshell *fs, struct job *jp,
+                                                        union node *n, int mode);
+# if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+static void forkshell_print(FILE *fp0, struct forkshell *fs, const char **notes);
+# endif
+#endif
+
 /* ============ Hash table sizes. Configurable. */
 
 #define VTABSIZE 39
@@ -330,7 +445,11 @@ static const char *const optletters_optnames[] = {
         "m"   "monitor",
         "n"   "noexec",
 /* Ditto: bash has no "set -s", "set -c" */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         "s"   "",
+#else
+        "s"   "stdin",
+#endif
         "c"   "",
         "x"   "xtrace",
         "v"   "verbose",
@@ -347,6 +466,15 @@ static const char *const optletters_optnames[] = {
         ,"\0"  "nolog"
         ,"\0"  "debug"
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        ,"X"   "winxp"
+#endif
+#if ENABLE_ASH_NOCONSOLE
+        ,"\0"  "noconsole"
+#endif
+#if ENABLE_ASH_NOCASEGLOB
+        ,"\0"  "nocaseglob"
+#endif
 };
 //bash 4.4.23 also has these opts (with these defaults):
 //braceexpand           on
@@ -389,28 +517,42 @@ struct jmploc {
 struct globals_misc {
         uint8_t exitstatus;     /* exit status of last command */
         uint8_t back_exitstatus;/* exit status of backquoted command */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         smallint job_warning;   /* user was warned about stopped jobs (can be 2, 1 or 0). */
+#endif
         smallint inps4;         /* Prevent PS4 nesting. */
         int savestatus;         /* exit status of last command outside traps */
         int rootpid;            /* pid of main shell */
         /* shell level: 0 for the main shell, 1 for its children, and so on */
         int shlvl;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        int loopnest;           /* current loop nesting level */
+#endif
 #define rootshell (!shlvl)
         int errlinno;
 
         char *minusc;  /* argument to -c option */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        char *dirarg;  /* argument to -d option */
+        char *title;   /* argument to -t option */
+#endif
 
         char *curdir; // = nullstr;     /* current working directory */
         char *physdir; // = nullstr;    /* physical working directory */
 
         char *arg0; /* value of $0 */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        char *commandname;
+#endif
 
         struct jmploc *exception_handler;
 
         volatile int suppress_int; /* counter */
         volatile /*sig_atomic_t*/ smallint pending_int; /* 1 = got SIGINT */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         volatile /*sig_atomic_t*/ smallint got_sigchld; /* 1 = got SIGCHLD */
         volatile /*sig_atomic_t*/ smallint pending_sig; /* last pending signal */
+#endif
         smallint exception_type; /* kind of exception: */
 #define EXINT 0         /* SIGINT received */
 #define EXERROR 1       /* a generic error */
@@ -445,8 +587,18 @@ struct globals_misc {
 # define nolog optlist[16 + BASH_PIPEFAIL]
 # define debug optlist[17 + BASH_PIPEFAIL]
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# define winxp optlist[16 + BASH_PIPEFAIL + 2*(DEBUG != 0)]
+# if ENABLE_ASH_NOCONSOLE
+#  define noconsole optlist[17 + BASH_PIPEFAIL + 2*(DEBUG != 0)]
+# endif
+# if ENABLE_ASH_NOCASEGLOB
+#  define nocaseglob optlist[17 + BASH_PIPEFAIL + 2*(DEBUG != 0) + ENABLE_ASH_NOCONSOLE]
+# endif
+#endif
 
         /* trap handler commands */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /*
          * Sigmode records the current value of the signal handlers for the various
          * modes.  A value of zero means that the current handler is not known.
@@ -461,12 +613,15 @@ struct globals_misc {
         /* indicates specified signal received */
         uint8_t gotsig[NSIG - 1]; /* offset by 1: "signal" 0 is meaningless */
         uint8_t may_have_traps; /* 0: definitely no traps are set, 1: some traps may be set */
+#endif
         char *trap[NSIG + 1];
 /* trap[0] is EXIT trap, trap[NTRAP_ERR] is ERR trap, other trap[i] are signal traps */
 #define NTRAP_ERR  NSIG
 #define NTRAP_LAST NSIG
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         char **trap_ptr;        /* used only by "trap hack" */
+#endif
 
         /* Rarely referenced stuff */
 #if ENABLE_ASH_RANDOM_SUPPORT
@@ -484,10 +639,20 @@ extern struct globals_misc *BB_GLOBAL_CONST ash_ptr_to_globals_misc;
 #define rootpid     (G_misc.rootpid    )
 #define shlvl       (G_misc.shlvl      )
 #define errlinno    (G_misc.errlinno   )
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#define loopnest    (G_misc.loopnest   )
+#endif
 #define minusc      (G_misc.minusc     )
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#define dirarg      (G_misc.dirarg     )
+#define title       (G_misc.title      )
+#endif
 #define curdir      (G_misc.curdir     )
 #define physdir     (G_misc.physdir    )
 #define arg0        (G_misc.arg0       )
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#define commandname (G_misc.commandname)
+#endif
 #define exception_handler (G_misc.exception_handler)
 #define exception_type    (G_misc.exception_type   )
 #define suppress_int      (G_misc.suppress_int     )
@@ -503,12 +668,23 @@ extern struct globals_misc *BB_GLOBAL_CONST ash_ptr_to_globals_misc;
 #define trap_ptr    (G_misc.trap_ptr   )
 #define random_gen  (G_misc.random_gen )
 #define backgndpid  (G_misc.backgndpid )
+
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#undef got_sigchld
+#undef pending_sig
+#undef may_have_traps
+#undef trap_ptr
+#define pending_sig       (0)
+#define may_have_traps    (0)
+#define trap_ptr          trap
+#endif
+
 #define INIT_G_misc() do { \
         XZALLOC_CONST_PTR(&ash_ptr_to_globals_misc, sizeof(G_misc)); \
         savestatus = -1; \
         curdir = nullstr; \
         physdir = nullstr; \
-        trap_ptr = trap; \
+        IF_NOT_PLATFORM_MINGW32(trap_ptr = trap;) \
 } while (0)
 
 
@@ -518,6 +694,9 @@ static void trace_printf(const char *fmt, ...);
 static void trace_vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list va);
 # define TRACE(param)    trace_printf param
 # define TRACEV(param)   trace_vprintf param
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && defined(close)
+#  undef close
+# endif
 # define close(fd) do { \
         int dfd = (fd); \
         if (close(dfd) < 0) \
@@ -611,7 +790,9 @@ struct parsefile {
 
 static struct parsefile basepf;        /* top level input file */
 static struct parsefile *g_parsefile = &basepf;  /* current input file */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX
 static char *commandname;              /* currently executing command */
+#endif
 
 
 /* ============ Interrupts / exceptions */
@@ -673,9 +854,11 @@ static void
 raise_interrupt(void)
 {
         pending_int = 0;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* Signal is not automatically unmasked after it is raised,
          * do it ourself - unmask all signals */
         sigprocmask_allsigs(SIG_UNBLOCK);
+#endif
         /* pending_sig = 0; - now done in signal_handler() */
 
         if (!(rootshell && iflag)) {
@@ -683,6 +866,10 @@ raise_interrupt(void)
                 signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
                 raise(SIGINT);
         }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (iflag)
+                write(STDOUT_FILENO, "^C", 2);
+#endif
         /* bash: ^C even on empty command line sets $? */
         exitstatus = SIGINT + 128;
         raise_exception(EXINT);
@@ -1966,6 +2153,22 @@ maybe_single_quote(const char *s)
         return single_quote(s);
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+/*
+ * Place 'path' in a string on the stack, adding the system drive prefix
+ * if necessary and leaving room for an optional extension.
+ */
+static char *
+stack_add_system_drive(const char *path)
+{
+        const char *sd = need_system_drive(path);
+        char *p = growstackto(strlen(path) + 5 + (sd ? strlen(sd) : 0));
+
+        strcpy(stpcpy(p, sd ?: ""), path);
+        return p;
+}
+#endif
+
 
 /* ============ nextopt */
 
@@ -2120,6 +2323,17 @@ static void change_seconds(const char *) FAST_FUNC;
 static void change_realtime(const char *) FAST_FUNC;
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static void FAST_FUNC
+change_skip_ansi(const char *newval UNUSED_PARAM)
+{
+        skip_ansi_emulation(TRUE);
+}
+
+# define LINENO_INDEX (5 + 2 * ENABLE_ASH_MAIL + ENABLE_ASH_GETOPTS)
+# define FUNCNAME_INDEX (LINENO_INDEX + 1)
+#endif
+
 static const struct {
         int flags;
         const char *var_text;
@@ -2157,6 +2371,9 @@ static const struct {
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_EDITING_SAVEHISTORY
         { VSTRFIXED|VTEXTFIXED|VUNSET, "HISTFILE"  , NULL            },
 #endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        { VSTRFIXED|VTEXTFIXED|VUNSET, bb_skip_ansi_emulation, change_skip_ansi },
+#endif
 };
 
 struct redirtab;
@@ -2402,6 +2619,42 @@ bltinlookup(const char *name)
         return lookupvar(name);
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static char *
+fix_pathvar(const char *path, int len)
+{
+        char *newpath = xstrdup(path);
+        char *p;
+        int modified = FALSE;
+
+        p = newpath + len;
+        while (*p) {
+                if (*p != ':' && *p != ';') {
+                        /* skip drive */
+                        if (isalpha(*p) && p[1] == ':')
+                                p += 2;
+                        /* skip through path component */
+                        for (; *p != '\0' && *p != ':' && *p != ';'; ++p)
+                                continue;
+                }
+                /* *p is ':', ';' or '\0' here */
+                if (*p == ':') {
+                        *p++ = ';';
+                        modified = TRUE;
+                }
+                else if (*p == ';') {
+                        ++p;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!modified) {
+                free(newpath);
+                newpath = NULL;
+        }
+        return newpath;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Same as setvar except that the variable and value are passed in
  * the first argument as name=value.  Since the first argument will
@@ -2414,6 +2667,27 @@ setvareq(char *s, int flags)
 {
         struct var *vp, **vpp;
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        const char *paths = "PATH=\0""CDPATH=\0""MANPATH=\0";
+        const char *p;
+        int len;
+
+        for (p = paths; *p; p += len + 1) {
+                len = strlen(p);
+                if (strncmp(s, p, len) == 0) {
+                        char *newpath = fix_pathvar(s, len);
+                        if (newpath) {
+                                if ((flags & (VTEXTFIXED|VSTACK|VNOSAVE)) == VNOSAVE)
+                                        free(s);
+                                flags |= VNOSAVE;
+                                flags &= ~(VTEXTFIXED|VSTACK);
+                                s = newpath;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+#endif
+
         vpp = hashvar(s);
         flags |= (VEXPORT & (((unsigned) (1 - aflag)) - 1));
         vpp = findvar(vpp, s);
@@ -2631,13 +2905,17 @@ static const char *pathopt;     /* set by padvance */
 static int
 padvance_magic(const char **path, const char *name, int magic)
 {
-        const char *term = "%:";
+        const char *term = "%"PATH_SEP_STR;
         const char *lpathopt;
         const char *p;
         char *q;
         const char *start;
         size_t qlen;
         size_t len;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        size_t sdlen = 0;
+        const char *sd;
+#endif
 
         if (*path == NULL)
                 return -1;
@@ -2648,14 +2926,14 @@ padvance_magic(const char **path, const char *name, int magic)
         if (*start == '%' && (p = legal_pathopt(start + 1, term, magic))) {
                 lpathopt = start + 1;
                 start = p;
-                term = ":";
+                term = PATH_SEP_STR;
         }
 
         len = strcspn(start, term);
         p = start + len;
 
         if (*p == '%') {
-                size_t extra = strchrnul(p, ':') - p;
+                size_t extra = strchrnul(p, PATH_SEP) - p;
 
                 if (legal_pathopt(p + 1, term, magic))
                         lpathopt = p + 1;
@@ -2666,14 +2944,27 @@ padvance_magic(const char **path, const char *name, int magic)
         }
 
         pathopt = lpathopt;
-        *path = *p == ':' ? p + 1 : NULL;
+        *path = *p == PATH_SEP ? p + 1 : NULL;
 
         /* "2" is for '/' and '\0' */
         qlen = len + strlen(name) + 2;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        /* reserve space for system drive prefix and extension */
+        sd = need_system_drive(start);
+        if (sd != NULL)
+                sdlen = strlen(sd);
+        qlen += 4 + sdlen;
+#endif
         q = growstackto(qlen);
 
         if (len) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                q = mempcpy(q, sd, sdlen);
+#endif
                 q = mempcpy(q, start, len);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (q[-1] != '/' && q[-1] != '\\')
+#endif
                 *q++ = '/';
         }
         strcpy(q, name);
@@ -2750,6 +3041,9 @@ setprompt_if(smallint do_set, int whichprompt)
         default:                        /* 0 */
                 prompt = nullstr;
         }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        skip_ansi_emulation(TRUE);
+#endif
 #if ENABLE_ASH_EXPAND_PRMT
         pushstackmark(&smark, stackblocksize());
         putprompt(expandstr(prompt, PSSYNTAX));
@@ -2764,6 +3058,7 @@ setprompt_if(smallint do_set, int whichprompt)
 
 #define CD_PHYSICAL 1
 #define CD_PRINT 2
+#define CD_PRINT_ALL 4
 
 static int
 cdopt(void)
@@ -2772,7 +3067,14 @@ cdopt(void)
         int i, j;
 
         j = 'L';
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        while ((i = nextopt("LPa")) != '\0') {
+                if (i == 'a')
+                        flags |= CD_PRINT_ALL;
+                else
+#else
         while ((i = nextopt("LP")) != '\0') {
+#endif
                 if (i != j) {
                         flags ^= CD_PHYSICAL;
                         j = i;
@@ -2789,6 +3091,129 @@ cdopt(void)
 static const char *
 updatepwd(const char *dir)
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        /*
+         * Due to Windows drive notion, getting pwd is a completely
+         * different thing. Handle it in a separate routine
+         */
+
+        char *new;
+        char *p;
+        char *cdcomppath;
+        const char *lim;
+        int len;
+        char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+        /*
+         * There are five cases that make some kind of sense
+         *
+         * Absolute paths:
+         *    c:/path
+         *    //host/share
+         *
+         * Relative to current working directory of other drive:
+         *    c:path
+         *
+         * Relative to current root (drive/share):
+         *    /path
+         *
+         * Relative to current working directory of current root (drive/share):
+         *    path
+         */
+        enum {ABS_DRIVE, ABS_SHARE, REL_OTHER, REL_ROOT, REL_CWD} target;
+
+        /* skip multiple leading separators unless dir is a UNC path */
+        if (is_dir_sep(*dir) && unc_root_len(dir) == 0) {
+                while (is_dir_sep(dir[1]))
+                        ++dir;
+        }
+
+        len = strlen(dir);
+        if (len >= 2 && has_dos_drive_prefix(dir))
+                target = len >= 3 && is_dir_sep(dir[2]) ? ABS_DRIVE : REL_OTHER;
+        else if (unc_root_len(dir) != 0)
+                target = ABS_SHARE;
+        else if (is_dir_sep(*dir))
+                target = REL_ROOT;
+        else
+                target = REL_CWD;
+
+        cdcomppath = sstrdup(dir);
+        STARTSTACKSTR(new);
+
+        switch (target) {
+        case REL_OTHER:
+                /* c:path */
+                if (get_drive_cwd(dir, buffer, PATH_MAX) == NULL)
+                        return 0;
+                new = stack_putstr(buffer, new);
+                len = 2;
+                cdcomppath += len;
+                dir += len;
+                break;
+        case REL_CWD:
+        case REL_ROOT:
+                /* path or /path */
+                len = root_len(curdir);
+                if (len == 0)
+                        return 0;
+                new = target == REL_CWD ? stack_putstr(curdir, new) :
+                                                                        stnputs(curdir, len, new);
+                break;
+        default:
+                /* //host/share or c:/path */
+                len = root_len(dir);
+                if (len == 0)
+                        return 0;
+                new = stnputs(dir, len, new);
+                cdcomppath += len;
+                dir += len;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        new = makestrspace(strlen(dir) + 2, new);
+        lim = (char *)stackblock() + len + 1;
+
+        if (!is_dir_sep(*dir)) {
+                if (!is_dir_sep(new[-1]))
+                        USTPUTC('/', new);
+                if (new > lim && is_dir_sep(*lim))
+                        lim++;
+        } else {
+                USTPUTC('/', new);
+                cdcomppath++;
+                if (is_dir_sep(dir[1]) && !is_dir_sep(dir[2])) {
+                        USTPUTC('/', new);
+                        cdcomppath++;
+                        lim++;
+                }
+        }
+        p = strtok(cdcomppath, "/\\");
+        while (p) {
+                switch (*p) {
+                case '.':
+                        if (p[1] == '.' && p[2] == '\0') {
+                                while (new > lim) {
+                                        STUNPUTC(new);
+                                        if (is_dir_sep(new[-1]))
+                                                break;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        if (p[1] == '\0')
+                                break;
+                        /* fall through */
+                default:
+                        new = stack_putstr(p, new);
+                        USTPUTC('/', new);
+                }
+                p = strtok(NULL, "/\\");
+        }
+        if (new > lim)
+                STUNPUTC(new);
+        *new = 0;
+        fix_path_case((char *)stackblock());
+        return bs_to_slash((char *)stackblock());
+#else
         char *new;
         char *p;
         char *cdcomppath;
@@ -2842,6 +3267,7 @@ updatepwd(const char *dir)
                 STUNPUTC(new);
         *new = 0;
         return stackblock();
+#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2937,7 +3363,7 @@ cdcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
         }
         if (!dest)
                 dest = nullstr;
-        if (*dest == '/')
+        if (!is_relative_path(dest))
                 goto step6;
         if (*dest == '.') {
                 c = dest[1];
@@ -2960,7 +3386,7 @@ cdcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
                 p = stalloc(len);
 
                 if (stat(p, &statb) >= 0 && S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode)) {
-                        if (c && c != ':')
+                        if (c && c != PATH_SEP)
                                 flags |= CD_PRINT;
  docd:
                         if (!docd(p, flags))
@@ -2982,6 +3408,26 @@ cdcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
         return 0;
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static void
+print_all_cwd(void)
+{
+        FILE *mnt;
+        struct mntent *entry;
+        char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+
+        mnt = setmntent(bb_path_mtab_file, "r");
+        if (mnt) {
+                while ((entry=getmntent(mnt)) != NULL) {
+                        entry->mnt_dir[2] = '\0';
+                        if (get_drive_cwd(entry->mnt_dir, buffer, PATH_MAX) != NULL)
+                                out1fmt("%s\n", buffer);
+                }
+                endmntent(mnt);
+        }
+}
+#endif
+
 static int FAST_FUNC
 pwdcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
 {
@@ -2989,6 +3435,12 @@ pwdcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
         const char *dir = curdir;
 
         flags = cdopt();
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (flags & CD_PRINT_ALL) {
+                print_all_cwd();
+                return 0;
+        }
+#endif
         if (flags) {
                 if (physdir == nullstr)
                         setpwd(dir, 0);
@@ -3617,7 +4069,12 @@ unaliascmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
 struct procstat {
         pid_t   ps_pid;         /* process id */
         int     ps_status;      /* last process status from wait() */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
         char    *ps_cmd;        /* text of command being run */
+#endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        HANDLE  ps_proc;
+#endif
 };
 
 struct job {
@@ -3644,17 +4101,23 @@ struct job {
 };
 
 static struct job *makejob(/*union node *,*/ int);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static int forkshell(struct job *, union node *, int);
+#endif
 static int waitforjob(struct job *);
 
-#if !JOBS
+#if !JOBS && !JOBS_WIN32
 enum { doing_jobctl = 0 };
 #define setjobctl(on) do {} while (0)
-#else
+#elif JOBS_WIN32
+static smallint doing_jobctl; //references:8
+#define setjobctl(on) do { if (rootshell) doing_jobctl = on; } while (0)
+#else /* JOBS */
 static smallint doing_jobctl; //references:8
 static void setjobctl(int);
 #endif
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /*
  * Ignore a signal.
  */
@@ -3801,6 +4264,10 @@ setsignal(int signo)
 
         sigaction_set(signo, &act);
 }
+#else
+#define setsignal(s)
+#define ignoresig(s)
+#endif
 
 /* mode flags for set_curjob */
 #define CUR_DELETE 2
@@ -3934,7 +4401,7 @@ set_curjob(struct job *jp, unsigned mode)
         }
 }
 
-#if JOBS || DEBUG
+#if JOBS || ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 || DEBUG
 static int
 jobno(const struct job *jp)
 {
@@ -3952,12 +4419,16 @@ static struct job *
 getjob(const char *name, int getctl)
 {
         struct job *jp;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
         struct job *found;
+#endif
         const char *err_msg = "%s: no such job";
         unsigned num;
         int c;
         const char *p;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
         char *(*match)(const char *, const char *);
+#endif
 
         jp = curjob;
         p = name;
@@ -3998,6 +4469,7 @@ getjob(const char *name, int getctl)
                 }
         }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
         match = prefix;
         if (*p == '?') {
                 match = strstr;
@@ -4017,6 +4489,9 @@ getjob(const char *name, int getctl)
         if (!found)
                 goto err;
         jp = found;
+#else
+        goto err;
+#endif
 
  gotit:
 #if JOBS
@@ -4035,14 +4510,18 @@ getjob(const char *name, int getctl)
 static void
 freejob(struct job *jp)
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
         struct procstat *ps;
         int i;
+#endif
 
         INT_OFF;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
         for (i = jp->nprocs, ps = jp->ps; --i >= 0; ps++) {
                 if (ps->ps_cmd != nullstr)
                         free(ps->ps_cmd);
         }
+#endif
         if (jp->ps != &jp->ps0)
                 free(jp->ps);
         jp->used = 0;
@@ -4135,7 +4614,9 @@ setjobctl(int on)
         ttyfd = fd;
         doing_jobctl = on;
 }
+#endif
 
+#if JOBS || JOBS_WIN32
 static int FAST_FUNC
 killcmd(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -4165,8 +4646,10 @@ killcmd(int argc, char **argv)
                                  * sh -c 'true|sleep 1 & sleep 2; kill %1'
                                  */
                                 n = jp->nprocs; /* can't be 0 (I hope) */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                 if (jp->jobctl)
                                         n = 1;
+#endif
                                 dst = alloca(n * sizeof(int)*4);
                                 argv[i] = dst;
                                 for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
@@ -4181,7 +4664,11 @@ killcmd(int argc, char **argv)
                                          * leading space. Needed to not confuse
                                          * negative pids with "kill -SIGNAL_NO" syntax
                                          */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                         dst += sprintf(dst, jp->jobctl ? " -%u" : " %u", (int)ps->ps_pid);
+#else
+                                        dst += sprintf(dst, " -%u", (int)ps->ps_pid);
+#endif
                                 }
                                 *dst = '\0';
                         }
@@ -4189,7 +4676,9 @@ killcmd(int argc, char **argv)
         }
         return kill_main(argc, argv);
 }
+#endif
 
+#if JOBS
 static void
 showpipe(struct job *jp /*, FILE *out*/)
 {
@@ -4294,6 +4783,77 @@ sprint_status48(char *os, int status, int sigonly)
         return s - os;
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_handler(DWORD dwCtrlType)
+{
+        if (dwCtrlType == CTRL_C_EVENT || dwCtrlType == CTRL_BREAK_EVENT) {
+                if (!suppress_int)
+                        raise_interrupt(); /* does not return */
+                pending_int = 1;
+                return TRUE;
+        }
+        return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Windows does not know about parent-child relationship
+ * They don't support waitpid(-1)
+ */
+static pid_t
+waitpid_child(int *status, int wait_flags)
+{
+        struct job *jb;
+        struct procstat *ps;
+        int pid_nr = 0;
+        pid_t *pidlist;
+        HANDLE *proclist;
+        pid_t pid = -1;
+        DWORD win_status, idx;
+        int i;
+
+        for (jb = curjob; jb; jb = jb->prev_job) {
+                if (jb->state != JOBDONE)
+                        pid_nr += jb->nprocs;
+        }
+        if (pid_nr == 0)
+                return -1;
+
+        pidlist = ckmalloc(sizeof(*pidlist)*pid_nr);
+        proclist = ckmalloc(sizeof(*proclist)*pid_nr);
+
+        pid_nr = 0;
+        for (jb = curjob; jb; jb = jb->prev_job) {
+                if (jb->state == JOBDONE)
+                        continue;
+                ps = jb->ps;
+                for (i = 0; i < jb->nprocs; ++i) {
+                        if (ps[i].ps_proc) {
+                                pidlist[pid_nr] = ps[i].ps_pid;
+                                proclist[pid_nr++] = ps[i].ps_proc;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (pid_nr == 0)
+                goto done;
+
+        idx = WaitForMultipleObjects(pid_nr, proclist, FALSE,
+                                wait_flags&WNOHANG ? 1 : INFINITE);
+        if (idx < pid_nr) {
+                GetExitCodeProcess(proclist[idx], &win_status);
+                *status = (int)win_status << 8;
+                if (win_status == 128 + SIGTERM || win_status == 128 + SIGKILL)
+                        *status += win_status - 128;
+                pid = pidlist[idx];
+        }
+ done:
+        free(pidlist);
+        free(proclist);
+        return pid;
+}
+#define waitpid(p, s, f) waitpid_child(s, f)
+#endif
+
 #define DOWAIT_NONBLOCK 0
 #define DOWAIT_BLOCK    1
 #define DOWAIT_BLOCK_OR_SIG 2
@@ -4304,6 +4864,7 @@ sprint_status48(char *os, int status, int sigonly)
 static int
 waitproc(int block, int *status)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         sigset_t oldmask;
         int flags = block == DOWAIT_BLOCK ? 0 : WNOHANG;
         int err;
@@ -4334,6 +4895,11 @@ waitproc(int block, int *status)
         } while (got_sigchld);
 
         return err;
+#else
+        int flags = block == DOWAIT_BLOCK ? 0 : WNOHANG;
+        *status = 0;
+        return waitpid(-1, status, flags);
+#endif
 }
 
 static int
@@ -4390,6 +4956,11 @@ waitone(int block, struct job *job)
                                         jobno(jp), pid, ps->ps_status, status));
                                 ps->ps_status = status;
                                 thisjob = jp;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                ps->ps_pid = -1;
+                                CloseHandle(ps->ps_proc);
+                                ps->ps_proc = NULL;
+#endif
                         }
                         if (ps->ps_status == -1)
                                 jobstate = JOBRUNNING;
@@ -4452,6 +5023,7 @@ waitone(int block, struct job *job)
 static int
 dowait(int block, struct job *jp)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         smallint gotchld = *(volatile smallint *)&got_sigchld;
         int rpid;
         int pid;
@@ -4473,9 +5045,17 @@ dowait(int block, struct job *jp)
         } while (pid >= 0);
 
         return rpid;
+#else
+        int pid = 1;
+
+        while (jp ? jp->state == JOBRUNNING : pid > 0)
+                pid = waitone(block, jp);
+
+        return pid;
+#endif
 }
 
-#if JOBS
+#if JOBS || JOBS_WIN32
 static void
 showjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
 {
@@ -4490,7 +5070,7 @@ showjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
 
         if (mode & SHOW_ONLY_PGID) { /* jobs -p */
                 /* just output process (group) id of pipeline */
-                fprintf(out, "%d\n", ps->ps_pid);
+                fprintf(out, "%"PID_FMT"d\n", ps->ps_pid);
                 return;
         }
 
@@ -4503,7 +5083,7 @@ showjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
                 s[col - 3] = '-';
 
         if (mode & SHOW_PIDS)
-                col += fmtstr(s + col, 16, "%d ", ps->ps_pid);
+                col += fmtstr(s + col, 16, "%"PID_FMT"d ", ps->ps_pid);
 
         psend = ps + jp->nprocs;
 
@@ -4512,8 +5092,10 @@ showjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
                 col += sizeof("Running") - 1;
         } else {
                 int status = psend[-1].ps_status;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED)
                         status = jp->stopstatus;
+#endif
                 col += sprint_status48(s + col, status, 0);
         }
         /* By now, "[JOBID]*  [maybe PID] STATUS" is printed */
@@ -4532,14 +5114,18 @@ showjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
                 s[0] = '\0';
                 col = 33;
                 if (mode & SHOW_PIDS)
-                        col = fmtstr(s, 48, "\n%*c%d ", indent_col, ' ', ps->ps_pid) - 1;
+                        col = fmtstr(s, 48, "\n%*c%"PID_FMT"d ", indent_col, ' ', ps->ps_pid) - 1;
  start:
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
                 fprintf(out, "%s%*c%s%s",
                                 s,
                                 33 - col >= 0 ? 33 - col : 0, ' ',
                                 ps == jp->ps ? "" : "| ",
                                 ps->ps_cmd
                 );
+#else
+                fprintf(out, "%s", s);
+#endif
         } while (++ps != psend);
         newline_and_flush(out);
 
@@ -4796,7 +5382,7 @@ makejob(/*union node *node,*/ int nprocs)
                         break;
                 if (jp->state != JOBDONE || !jp->waited)
                         continue;
-#if JOBS
+#if JOBS || JOBS_WIN32
                 if (doing_jobctl)
                         continue;
 #endif
@@ -4822,7 +5408,7 @@ makejob(/*union node *node,*/ int nprocs)
         return jp;
 }
 
-#if JOBS
+#if JOBS || JOBS_WIN32
 /*
  * Return a string identifying a command (to be printed by the
  * jobs command).
@@ -5141,6 +5727,7 @@ commandtext(union node *n)
  *
  * Called with interrupts off.
  */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /*
  * Clear traps on a fork.
  */
@@ -5289,14 +5876,22 @@ forkchild(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
         for (jp = curjob; jp; jp = jp->prev_job)
                 freejob(jp);
 }
+#endif
 
 /* Called after fork(), in parent */
-#if !JOBS
+#if !JOBS && !JOBS_WIN32
 #define forkparent(jp, n, mode, pid) forkparent(jp, mode, pid)
 #endif
 static void
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 forkparent(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode, pid_t pid)
+#else
+forkparent(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode, HANDLE proc)
+#endif
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        pid_t pid = GetProcessId(proc);
+#endif
         TRACE(("In parent shell: child = %d\n", pid));
         if (!jp) /* jp is NULL when called by openhere() for heredoc support */
                 return;
@@ -5315,19 +5910,29 @@ forkparent(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode, pid_t pid)
         if (mode == FORK_BG) {
                 backgndpid = pid;               /* set $! */
                 set_curjob(jp, CUR_RUNNING);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (iflag && jp && jp->nprocs == 0)
+                        fprintf(stderr, "[%d] %"PID_FMT"d\n", jobno(jp), pid);
+#endif
         }
         if (jp) {
                 struct procstat *ps = &jp->ps[jp->nprocs++];
                 ps->ps_pid = pid;
                 ps->ps_status = -1;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX || JOBS_WIN32
                 ps->ps_cmd = nullstr;
-#if JOBS
+#endif
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                ps->ps_proc = proc;
+#endif
+#if JOBS || JOBS_WIN32
                 if (doing_jobctl && n)
                         ps->ps_cmd = commandtext(n);
 #endif
         }
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* jp and n are NULL when called by openhere() for heredoc support */
 static int
 forkshell(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
@@ -5350,6 +5955,7 @@ forkshell(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
         }
         return pid;
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Wait for job to finish.
@@ -5438,6 +6044,7 @@ waitforjob(struct job *jp)
 /*
  * return 1 if there are stopped jobs, otherwise 0
  */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 static int
 stoppedjobs(void)
 {
@@ -5456,6 +6063,17 @@ stoppedjobs(void)
  out:
         return retval;
 }
+#else
+static int
+stoppedjobs(void)
+{
+        if (iflag && curjob) {
+                out2str("You have background jobs.\n");
+                return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+#endif
 
 
 /*
@@ -5480,6 +6098,7 @@ openhere(union node *redir)
         char *p;
         int pip[2];
         size_t len = 0;
+        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(struct forkshell fs);
 
         if (pipe(pip) < 0)
                 ash_msg_and_raise_perror("can't create pipe");
@@ -5496,6 +6115,14 @@ openhere(union node *redir)
                 goto out;
         }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        memset(&fs, 0, sizeof(fs));
+        fs.fpid = FS_OPENHERE;
+        fs.fd[0] = pip[0];
+        fs.fd[1] = pip[1];
+        fs.path = p;
+        spawn_forkshell(&fs, NULL, NULL, FORK_NOJOB);
+#else
         if (forkshell((struct job *)NULL, (union node *)NULL, FORK_NOJOB) == 0) {
                 /* child */
                 close(pip[0]);
@@ -5507,6 +6134,7 @@ openhere(union node *redir)
                 xwrite(pip[1], p, len);
                 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
         }
+#endif
  out:
         close(pip[1]);
         return pip[0];
@@ -5584,6 +6212,9 @@ openredirect(union node *redir)
                 f = open(fname, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, 0666);
                 if (f < 0)
                         goto ecreate;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                lseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+#endif
                 break;
         }
 
@@ -6592,6 +7223,7 @@ evalbackcmd(union node *n, struct backcmd *result
         const int ip = 0;
         const int ic = 1;
 #endif
+        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(struct forkshell fs);
 
         result->fd = -1;
         result->buf = NULL;
@@ -6605,6 +7237,15 @@ evalbackcmd(union node *n, struct backcmd *result
                 ash_msg_and_raise_perror("can't create pipe");
         /* process substitution uses NULL job/node, like openhere() */
         jp = (ctl == CTLBACKQ) ? makejob(/*n,*/ 1) : NULL;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        memset(&fs, 0, sizeof(fs));
+        fs.fpid = FS_EVALBACKCMD;
+        fs.n = n;
+        fs.fd[0] = pip[0];
+        fs.fd[1] = pip[1];
+        fs.fd[2] = ctl;
+        spawn_forkshell(&fs, jp, (ctl == CTLBACKQ) ? n : NULL, FORK_NOJOB);
+#else
         if (forkshell(jp, (ctl == CTLBACKQ) ? n : NULL, FORK_NOJOB) == 0) {
                 /* child */
                 FORCE_INT_ON;
@@ -6628,6 +7269,7 @@ evalbackcmd(union node *n, struct backcmd *result
                 evaltreenr(n, EV_EXIT);
                 /* NOTREACHED */
         }
+#endif
         /* parent */
 #if BASH_PROCESS_SUBST
         if (ctl != CTLBACKQ) {
@@ -6706,7 +7348,8 @@ expbackq(union node *cmd, int flag IF_BASH_PROCESS_SUBST(, int ctl))
 
         /* Eat all trailing newlines */
         dest = expdest;
-        for (; dest > ((char *)stackblock() + startloc) && dest[-1] == '\n';)
+        for (; dest > ((char *)stackblock() + startloc) && (dest[-1] == '\n'
+                                IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(|| dest[-1] == '\r'));)
                 STUNPUTC(dest);
         expdest = dest;
 
@@ -7853,6 +8496,10 @@ expmeta(exp_t *exp, char *name, unsigned name_len, unsigned expdir_len)
 
         metaflag = 0;
         start = name;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (expdir_len == 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(start) && start[2] != '/')
+                start += 2;
+#endif
         for (p = name; esc = 0, *p; p += esc + 1) {
                 if (*p == '*' || *p == '?')
                         metaflag = 1;
@@ -7927,6 +8574,10 @@ expmeta(exp_t *exp, char *name, unsigned name_len, unsigned expdir_len)
         while (!pending_int && (dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
                 if (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && !matchdot)
                         continue;
+#if ENABLE_ASH_NOCASEGLOB
+# undef pmatch
+# define pmatch(a, b) !fnmatch((a), (b), nocaseglob ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0)
+#endif
                 if (pmatch(start, dp->d_name)) {
                         if (atend) {
                                 strcpy(enddir, dp->d_name);
@@ -7956,6 +8607,10 @@ expmeta(exp_t *exp, char *name, unsigned name_len, unsigned expdir_len)
                 endname[-esc - 1] = esc ? '\\' : '/';
 #undef expdir
 #undef expdir_max
+#if ENABLE_ASH_NOCASEGLOB
+# undef pmatch
+# define pmatch(a, b) !fnmatch((a), (b), 0)
+#endif
 }
 
 static struct strlist *
@@ -8232,7 +8887,17 @@ tryexec(IF_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE(int applet_no,) const char *cmd, char **argv, c
 {
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
         if (applet_no >= 0) {
+# if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                /* Treat all applets as NOEXEC, including the shell itself if
+                 * this is a FS_SHELLEXEC shell. */
+                struct forkshell *fs = (struct forkshell *)sticky_mem_start;
+                if (applet_main[applet_no] != ash_main ||
+                                (fs && fs->fpid == FS_SHELLEXEC)) {
+                        /* mingw-w64's getopt() uses __argv[0] as the program name */
+                        __argv[0] = (char *)cmd;
+# else
                 if (APPLET_IS_NOEXEC(applet_no)) {
+# endif
                         clearenv();
                         while (*envp)
                                 putenv(*envp++);
@@ -8246,6 +8911,12 @@ tryexec(IF_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE(int applet_no,) const char *cmd, char **argv, c
         }
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        /* cmd was allocated on the stack with room for an extension */
+        add_win32_extension((char *)cmd);
+        execve(cmd, argv, envp);
+        /* skip POSIX-mandated retry on ENOEXEC */
+#else /* !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
  repeat:
 #ifdef SYSV
         do {
@@ -8281,6 +8952,7 @@ tryexec(IF_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE(int applet_no,) const char *cmd, char **argv, c
                 argv[0] = (char*) "ash";
                 goto repeat;
         }
+#endif /* !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
 }
 
 /*
@@ -8298,11 +8970,21 @@ static void shellexec(char *prog, char **argv, const char *path, int idx)
         int applet_no = -1; /* used only by FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE */
 
         envp = listvars(VEXPORT, VUNSET, /*strlist:*/ NULL, /*end:*/ NULL);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (strchr(prog, '/') != NULL
+#else
+        if (has_path(prog)
+#endif
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
          || (applet_no = find_applet_by_name(prog)) >= 0
 #endif
         ) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+                char *oldprog = prog;
+# endif
+                prog = stack_add_system_drive(prog);
+#endif
                 tryexec(IF_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE(applet_no,) prog, argv, envp);
                 if (applet_no >= 0) {
                         /* We tried execing ourself, but it didn't work.
@@ -8312,6 +8994,18 @@ static void shellexec(char *prog, char **argv, const char *path, int idx)
                         goto try_PATH;
                 }
                 e = errno;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+                if (unix_path(oldprog)) {
+                        const char *name = bb_basename(oldprog);
+                        if ((applet_no = find_applet_by_name(name)) >= 0) {
+                                tryexec(applet_no, name, argv, envp);
+                                e = errno;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                                e = ENOENT;
+                        }
+                }
+#endif
         } else {
  try_PATH:
                 e = ENOENT;
@@ -8357,6 +9051,9 @@ printentry(struct tblentry *cmdp)
                 padvance(&path, cmdp->cmdname);
         } while (--idx >= 0);
         name = stackblock();
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        add_win32_extension(name);
+#endif
         out1fmt("%s%s\n", name, (cmdp->rehash ? "*" : nullstr));
 }
 
@@ -8557,7 +9254,7 @@ changepath(const char *newval)
                         bltin = idx;
                         break;
                 }
-                new = strchr(new, ':');
+                new = strchr(new, PATH_SEP);
                 if (!new)
                         break;
                 idx++;
@@ -8735,14 +9432,29 @@ describe_command(char *command, const char *path, int describe_command_verbose)
         case CMDNORMAL: {
                 int j = entry.u.index;
                 char *p;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+                if (j == INT_MIN) {
+                        p = (char *)bb_basename(command);
+                        goto describe;
+                }
+#endif
                 if (j < 0) {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                        p = stack_add_system_drive(command);
+#else
                         p = command;
+#endif
                 } else {
                         do {
                                 padvance(&path, command);
                         } while (--j >= 0);
                         p = stackblock();
                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                add_win32_extension(p);
+                bs_to_slash(p);
+ IF_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE(describe:)
+#endif
                 if (describe_command_verbose) {
                         out1fmt(" is %s", p);
                 } else {
@@ -8898,6 +9610,13 @@ commandcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
 /*static int funcstringsize;    // size of strings in node */
 static void *funcblock;         /* block to allocate function from */
 static char *funcstring_end;    /* end of block to allocate strings from */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static int fs_size;
+# if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+static void *fs_start;
+static const char **annot;
+# endif
+#endif
 
 static const uint8_t nodesize[N_NUMBER] ALIGN1 = {
         [NCMD     ] = SHELL_ALIGN(sizeof(struct ncmd)),
@@ -9030,14 +9749,60 @@ calcsize(int funcblocksize, union node *n)
 }
 
 static char *
-nodeckstrdup(char *s)
+nodeckstrdup(const char *s)
 {
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if(!s)
+                return NULL;
+#endif
         funcstring_end -= SHELL_ALIGN(strlen(s) + 1);
         return strcpy(funcstring_end, s);
 }
 
 static union node *copynode(union node *);
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+# if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+#  define FREE 1
+#  define NO_FREE 2
+#  define ANNOT(dst,note) { \
+                if (annot) \
+                        annot[(char *)&dst - (char *)fs_start] = note; \
+        }
+# else
+#  define FREE 1
+#  define NO_FREE 1
+#  define ANNOT(dst,note)
+# endif
+
+/* The relocation map is offset from the start of the forkshell data
+ * block by 'fs_size' bytes.  The flag relating to a particular destination
+ * pointer is thus at (dst+fs_size). */
+# define MARK_PTR(dst,flag) {*((char *)&dst + fs_size) = flag;}
+
+# define SAVE_PTR(dst,note,flag) { \
+        if (fs_size) { \
+                MARK_PTR(dst,flag); ANNOT(dst,note); \
+        } \
+}
+# define SAVE_PTR2(dst1,note1,flag1,dst2,note2,flag2) { \
+        if (fs_size) { \
+                MARK_PTR(dst1,flag1); MARK_PTR(dst2,flag2); \
+                ANNOT(dst1,note1); ANNOT(dst2,note2); \
+        } \
+}
+# define SAVE_PTR3(dst1,note1,flag1,dst2,note2,flag2,dst3,note3,flag3) { \
+        if (fs_size) { \
+                MARK_PTR(dst1,flag1); MARK_PTR(dst2,flag2); MARK_PTR(dst3,flag3); \
+                ANNOT(dst1,note1); ANNOT(dst2,note2); ANNOT(dst3,note3); \
+        } \
+}
+#else
+# define SAVE_PTR(dst,note,flag)
+# define SAVE_PTR2(dst1,note1,flag1,dst2,note2,flag2)
+# define SAVE_PTR3(dst1,note1,flag1,dst2,note2,flag2,dst3,note3,flag3)
+#endif
+
 static struct nodelist *
 copynodelist(struct nodelist *lp)
 {
@@ -9049,6 +9814,8 @@ copynodelist(struct nodelist *lp)
                 *lpp = funcblock;
                 funcblock = (char *) funcblock + SHELL_ALIGN(sizeof(struct nodelist));
                 (*lpp)->n = copynode(lp->n);
+                SAVE_PTR2((*lpp)->n, "(*lpp)->next", NO_FREE,
+                        (*lpp)->next, "(*lpp)->next", NO_FREE);
                 lp = lp->next;
                 lpp = &(*lpp)->next;
         }
@@ -9072,10 +9839,14 @@ copynode(union node *n)
                 new->ncmd.args = copynode(n->ncmd.args);
                 new->ncmd.assign = copynode(n->ncmd.assign);
                 new->ncmd.linno = n->ncmd.linno;
+                SAVE_PTR3(new->ncmd.redirect, "ncmd.redirect", NO_FREE,
+                        new->ncmd.args, "ncmd.args", NO_FREE,
+                        new->ncmd.assign, "ncmd.assign", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NPIPE:
                 new->npipe.cmdlist = copynodelist(n->npipe.cmdlist);
                 new->npipe.pipe_backgnd = n->npipe.pipe_backgnd;
+                SAVE_PTR(new->npipe.cmdlist, "npipe.cmdlist", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NREDIR:
         case NBACKGND:
@@ -9083,6 +9854,8 @@ copynode(union node *n)
                 new->nredir.redirect = copynode(n->nredir.redirect);
                 new->nredir.n = copynode(n->nredir.n);
                 new->nredir.linno = n->nredir.linno;
+                SAVE_PTR2(new->nredir.redirect, "nredir.redirect", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nredir.n, "nredir.n", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NAND:
         case NOR:
@@ -9091,37 +9864,58 @@ copynode(union node *n)
         case NUNTIL:
                 new->nbinary.ch2 = copynode(n->nbinary.ch2);
                 new->nbinary.ch1 = copynode(n->nbinary.ch1);
+                SAVE_PTR2(new->nbinary.ch1, "nbinary.ch1", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nbinary.ch2, "nbinary.ch2", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NIF:
                 new->nif.elsepart = copynode(n->nif.elsepart);
                 new->nif.ifpart = copynode(n->nif.ifpart);
                 new->nif.test = copynode(n->nif.test);
+                SAVE_PTR3(new->nif.elsepart, "nif.elsepart", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nif.ifpart, "nif.ifpart", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nif.test, "nif.test", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NFOR:
                 new->nfor.var = nodeckstrdup(n->nfor.var);
                 new->nfor.body = copynode(n->nfor.body);
                 new->nfor.args = copynode(n->nfor.args);
                 new->nfor.linno = n->nfor.linno;
+                SAVE_PTR3(new->nfor.var,
+                                xasprintf("nfor.var '%s'", n->nfor.var ?: "NULL"), FREE,
+                        new->nfor.body, "nfor.body", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nfor.args, "nfor.args", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NCASE:
                 new->ncase.cases = copynode(n->ncase.cases);
                 new->ncase.expr = copynode(n->ncase.expr);
                 new->ncase.linno = n->ncase.linno;
+                SAVE_PTR2(new->ncase.cases, "ncase.cases", NO_FREE,
+                        new->ncase.expr, "ncase.expr", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NCLIST:
                 new->nclist.body = copynode(n->nclist.body);
                 new->nclist.pattern = copynode(n->nclist.pattern);
                 new->nclist.next = copynode(n->nclist.next);
+                SAVE_PTR3(new->nclist.body, "nclist.body", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nclist.pattern, "nclist.pattern", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nclist.next, "nclist.next", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NDEFUN:
                 new->ndefun.body = copynode(n->ndefun.body);
                 new->ndefun.text = nodeckstrdup(n->ndefun.text);
                 new->ndefun.linno = n->ndefun.linno;
+                SAVE_PTR2(new->ndefun.body, "ndefun.body", NO_FREE,
+                        new->ndefun.text,
+                                xasprintf("ndefun.text '%s'", n->ndefun.text ?: "NULL"), FREE);
                 break;
         case NARG:
                 new->narg.backquote = copynodelist(n->narg.backquote);
                 new->narg.text = nodeckstrdup(n->narg.text);
                 new->narg.next = copynode(n->narg.next);
+                SAVE_PTR3(new->narg.backquote, "narg.backquote", NO_FREE,
+                        new->narg.text,
+                                xasprintf("narg.text '%s'", n->narg.text ?: "NULL"), FREE,
+                        new->narg.next, "narg.next", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NTO:
 #if BASH_REDIR_OUTPUT
@@ -9134,6 +9928,8 @@ copynode(union node *n)
                 new->nfile.fname = copynode(n->nfile.fname);
                 new->nfile.fd = n->nfile.fd;
                 new->nfile.next = copynode(n->nfile.next);
+                SAVE_PTR2(new->nfile.fname, "nfile.fname", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nfile.next, "nfile.next", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NTOFD:
         case NFROMFD:
@@ -9141,15 +9937,20 @@ copynode(union node *n)
                 new->ndup.dupfd = n->ndup.dupfd;
                 new->ndup.fd = n->ndup.fd;
                 new->ndup.next = copynode(n->ndup.next);
+                SAVE_PTR2(new->ndup.vname, "ndup.vname", NO_FREE,
+                        new->ndup.next, "ndup.next", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NHERE:
         case NXHERE:
                 new->nhere.doc = copynode(n->nhere.doc);
                 new->nhere.fd = n->nhere.fd;
                 new->nhere.next = copynode(n->nhere.next);
+                SAVE_PTR2(new->nhere.doc, "nhere.doc", NO_FREE,
+                        new->nhere.next, "nhere.next", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         case NNOT:
                 new->nnot.com = copynode(n->nnot.com);
+                SAVE_PTR(new->nnot.com, "nnot.com", NO_FREE);
                 break;
         };
         new->type = n->type;
@@ -9170,6 +9971,7 @@ copyfunc(union node *n)
         f = ckzalloc(blocksize /* + funcstringsize */);
         funcblock = (char *) f + offsetof(struct funcnode, n);
         funcstring_end = (char *) f + blocksize;
+        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(fs_size = 0);
         copynode(n);
         /* f->count = 0; - ckzalloc did it */
         return f;
@@ -9197,12 +9999,15 @@ defun(union node *func)
 #define SKIPFUNCDEF    (1 << 3)
 static smallint evalskip;       /* set to SKIPxxx if we are skipping commands */
 static int skipcount;           /* number of levels to skip */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX
 static int loopnest;            /* current loop nesting level */
+#endif
 static int funcline;            /* starting line number of current function, or 0 if not in a function */
 
 /* Forward decl way out to parsing code - dotrap needs it */
 static int evalstring(char *s, int flags);
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /* Called to execute a trap.
  * Single callsite - at the end of evaltree().
  * If we return non-zero, evaltree raises EXEXIT exception.
@@ -9261,6 +10066,9 @@ dotrap(void)
         savestatus = last_status;
         TRACE(("dotrap returns\n"));
 }
+#else
+# define dotrap()
+#endif
 
 /* forward declarations - evaluation is fairly recursive business... */
 static int evalloop(union node *, int);
@@ -9546,6 +10354,7 @@ evalcase(union node *n, int flags)
 static int
 evalsubshell(union node *n, int flags)
 {
+        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(struct forkshell fs;)
         struct job *jp;
         int backgnd = (n->type == NBACKGND); /* FORK_BG(1) if yes, else FORK_FG(0) */
         int status;
@@ -9559,12 +10368,21 @@ evalsubshell(union node *n, int flags)
         if (backgnd == FORK_FG)
                 get_tty_state();
         jp = makejob(/*n,*/ 1);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        memset(&fs, 0, sizeof(fs));
+        fs.fpid = FS_EVALSUBSHELL;
+        fs.n = n;
+        fs.flags = flags;
+        spawn_forkshell(&fs, jp, n, backgnd);
+        if ( 0 ) {
+#else
         if (forkshell(jp, n, backgnd) == 0) {
                 /* child */
                 INT_ON;
                 flags |= EV_EXIT;
                 if (backgnd)
                         flags &= ~EV_TESTED;
+#endif
  nofork:
                 redirect(n->nredir.redirect, 0);
                 evaltreenr(n->nredir.n, flags);
@@ -9650,6 +10468,7 @@ expredir(union node *n)
 static int
 evalpipe(union node *n, int flags)
 {
+        IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(struct forkshell fs;)
         struct job *jp;
         struct nodelist *lp;
         int pipelen;
@@ -9676,6 +10495,16 @@ evalpipe(union node *n, int flags)
                                 ash_msg_and_raise_perror("can't create pipe");
                         }
                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                memset(&fs, 0, sizeof(fs));
+                fs.fpid = FS_EVALPIPE;
+                fs.flags = flags;
+                fs.n = lp->n;
+                fs.fd[0] = pip[0];
+                fs.fd[1] = pip[1];
+                fs.fd[2] = prevfd;
+                spawn_forkshell(&fs, jp, lp->n, n->npipe.pipe_backgnd);
+#else
                 if (forkshell(jp, lp->n, n->npipe.pipe_backgnd) == 0) {
                         /* child */
                         INT_ON;
@@ -9693,6 +10522,7 @@ evalpipe(union node *n, int flags)
                         evaltreenr(lp->n, flags);
                         /* never returns */
                 }
+#endif
                 /* parent */
                 if (prevfd >= 0)
                         close(prevfd);
@@ -10127,12 +10957,35 @@ static int ulimitcmd(int, char **) FAST_FUNC;
 #define BUILTIN_SPEC_REG_ASSG   "7"
 
 /* Stubs for calling non-FAST_FUNC's */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 #if ENABLE_ASH_ECHO
 static int FAST_FUNC echocmd(int argc, char **argv)   { return echo_main(argc, argv); }
 #endif
 #if ENABLE_ASH_PRINTF
 static int FAST_FUNC printfcmd(int argc, char **argv) { return printf_main(argc, argv); }
 #endif
+#else
+#if ENABLE_ASH_ECHO
+static int FAST_FUNC echocmd(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+        int ret;
+        INT_OFF;
+        ret = echo_main(argc, argv);
+        INT_ON;
+        return ret;
+}
+#endif
+#if ENABLE_ASH_PRINTF
+static int FAST_FUNC printfcmd(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+        int ret;
+        INT_OFF;
+        ret = printf_main(argc, argv);
+        INT_ON;
+        return ret;
+}
+#endif
+#endif
 #if ENABLE_ASH_TEST || BASH_TEST2
 static int FAST_FUNC testcmd(int argc, char **argv)   { return test_main(argc, argv); }
 #endif
@@ -10181,7 +11034,7 @@ static const struct builtincmd builtintab[] = {
 #if MAX_HISTORY
         { BUILTIN_NOSPEC        "history" , historycmd },
 #endif
-#if JOBS
+#if JOBS || JOBS_WIN32
         { BUILTIN_REGULAR       "jobs"    , jobscmd    },
         { BUILTIN_REGULAR       "kill"    , killcmd    },
 #endif
@@ -10223,7 +11076,7 @@ static const struct builtincmd builtintab[] = {
         /* [ */         1 * ENABLE_ASH_TEST + \
         /* [[ */        1 * BASH_TEST2 + \
         /* alias */     1 * ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS + \
-        /* bg */        1 * ENABLE_ASH_JOB_CONTROL + \
+        /* bg */        1 * JOBS + \
         /* break cd cddir  */   3)
 #define EVALCMD (COMMANDCMD + \
         /* command */   1 * ENABLE_ASH_CMDCMD + \
@@ -10280,6 +11133,7 @@ bltincmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
          * as POSIX mandates */
         return back_exitstatus;
 }
+
 static int
 evalcommand(union node *cmd, int flags)
 {
@@ -10533,6 +11387,22 @@ evalcommand(union node *cmd, int flags)
                  * in a script or a subshell does not need forking,
                  * we can just exec it.
                  */
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (!(flags & EV_EXIT) || may_have_traps) {
+                        /* No, forking off a child is necessary */
+                        struct forkshell fs;
+
+                        INT_OFF;
+                        memset(&fs, 0, sizeof(fs));
+                        fs.fpid = FS_SHELLEXEC;
+                        fs.argv = argv;
+                        fs.path = (char*)path;
+                        fs.fd[0] = cmdentry.u.index;
+                        jp = makejob(/*cmd,*/ 1);
+                        spawn_forkshell(&fs, jp, cmd, FORK_FG);
+                        break;
+                }
+#else
                 if (!(flags & EV_EXIT) || may_have_traps) {
                         /* No, forking off a child is necessary */
                         INT_OFF;
@@ -10546,6 +11416,7 @@ evalcommand(union node *cmd, int flags)
                         FORCE_INT_ON;
                         /* fall through to exec'ing external program */
                 }
+#endif
                 shellexec(argv[0], argv, path, cmdentry.u.index);
                 /* NOTREACHED */
         } /* default */
@@ -10787,8 +11658,12 @@ preadfd(void)
                 nr = read_line_input(line_input_state, cmdedit_prompt, buf, IBUFSIZ);
                 if (nr == 0) {
                         /* ^C pressed, "convert" to SIGINT */
+# if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         write(STDOUT_FILENO, "^C", 2);
                         raise(SIGINT);
+# else
+                        raise_interrupt();
+# endif
                         if (trap[SIGINT]) {
                                 buf[0] = '\n';
                                 buf[1] = '\0';
@@ -10882,7 +11757,7 @@ preadbuffer(void)
                 more--;
 
                 c = *q;
-                if (c == '\0') {
+                if (c == '\0' || (ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 && c == '\r')) {
                         memmove(q, q + 1, more);
                 } else {
                         q++;
@@ -11110,6 +11985,7 @@ popallfiles(void)
         unwindfiles(&basepf);
 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 /*
  * Close the file(s) that the shell is reading commands from.  Called
  * after a fork is done.
@@ -11123,6 +11999,7 @@ closescript(void)
                 g_parsefile->pf_fd = 0;
         }
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Like setinputfile, but takes an open file descriptor.  Call this with
@@ -11358,8 +12235,13 @@ options(int *login_sh)
         int val;
         int c;
 
-        if (login_sh)
+        if (login_sh) {
                 minusc = NULL;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                dirarg = NULL;
+                title = NULL;
+#endif
+        }
         while ((p = *argptr) != NULL) {
                 c = *p++;
                 if (c != '-' && c != '+')
@@ -11389,6 +12271,24 @@ options(int *login_sh)
                                         cflag = 1;
                                         continue;
                                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                /* Undocumented flags;
+                                 *   -d force current directory
+                                 *   -t title to display in console window
+                                 * Must appear before -s or -c. */
+                                if (c == 'd' && val == 1) {
+                                        if (*argptr == NULL)
+                                                ash_msg_and_raise_error(bb_msg_requires_arg, "-d");
+                                        dirarg = *argptr++;
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+                                if (c == 't' && val == 1) {
+                                        if (*argptr == NULL)
+                                                ash_msg_and_raise_error(bb_msg_requires_arg, "-t");
+                                        title = *argptr++;
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+#endif
                                 if (c == 's') { /* -s, +s */
                                         sflag = 1;
                                         continue;
@@ -13412,6 +14312,9 @@ evalstring(char *s, int flags)
         int status;
 
         s = sstrdup(s);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        remove_cr(s, strlen(s)+1);
+#endif
         setinputstring(s);
         setstackmark(&smark);
 
@@ -13499,7 +14402,7 @@ cmdloop(int top)
                 int skip;
 
                 setstackmark(&smark);
-#if JOBS
+#if JOBS || JOBS_WIN32
                 if (doing_jobctl)
                         showjobs(SHOW_CHANGED|SHOW_STDERR);
 #endif
@@ -13530,8 +14433,10 @@ cmdloop(int top)
                 } else {
                         int i;
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                         /* job_warning can only be 2,1,0. Here 2->1, 1/0->0 */
                         job_warning >>= 1;
+#endif
                         numeof = 0;
                         i = evaltree(n, 0);
                         if (n)
@@ -13561,7 +14466,7 @@ find_dot_file(char *basename)
         int len;
 
         /* don't try this for absolute or relative paths */
-        if (strchr(basename, '/'))
+        if (strchr(basename, '/') IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(|| strchr(basename, '\\')))
                 return basename;
 
         while ((len = padvance(&path, basename)) >= 0) {
@@ -13689,6 +14594,7 @@ find_command(char *name, struct cmdentry *entry, int act, const char *path)
         struct builtincmd *bcmd;
         int len;
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* If name contains a slash, don't use PATH or hash table */
         if (strchr(name, '/') != NULL) {
                 entry->u.index = -1;
@@ -13705,6 +14611,29 @@ find_command(char *name, struct cmdentry *entry, int act, const char *path)
                 entry->cmdtype = CMDNORMAL;
                 return;
         }
+#else /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
+        /* If name contains a slash or drive prefix, don't use PATH or hash table */
+        if (has_path(name)) {
+                fullname = stack_add_system_drive(name);
+                entry->u.index = -1;
+                if (act & DO_ABS) {
+                        if (!add_win32_extension(fullname) && stat(fullname, &statb) < 0) {
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+                                if (unix_path(name) &&
+                                                find_applet_by_name(bb_basename(name)) >= 0) {
+                                        entry->cmdtype = CMDNORMAL;
+                                        entry->u.index = INT_MIN;
+                                        return;
+                                }
+# endif
+                                entry->cmdtype = CMDUNKNOWN;
+                                return;
+                        }
+                }
+                entry->cmdtype = CMDNORMAL;
+                return;
+        }
+#endif /* ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32 */
 
 /* #if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE... moved after builtin check */
 
@@ -13798,12 +14727,15 @@ find_command(char *name, struct cmdentry *entry, int act, const char *path)
                         }
                 }
                 /* if rehash, don't redo absolute path names */
-                if (fullname[0] == '/' && idx <= prev) {
+                if (!is_relative_path(fullname) && idx <= prev) {
                         if (idx < prev)
                                 continue;
                         TRACE(("searchexec \"%s\": no change\n", name));
                         goto success;
                 }
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                add_win32_extension(fullname);
+#endif
                 while (stat(fullname, &statb) < 0) {
 #ifdef SYSV
                         if (errno == EINTR)
@@ -13942,8 +14874,10 @@ trapcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
                         if (LONE_DASH(action))
                                 action = NULL;
                         else {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                 if (action[0]) /* not NULL and not "" and not "-" */
                                         may_have_traps = 1;
+#endif
                                 action = ckstrdup(action);
                         }
                 }
@@ -14239,6 +15173,20 @@ readcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
                         goto again;
         }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if ((uintptr_t)r == 2) {
+                /* ^C pressed, propagate event */
+                if (iflag) {
+                        raise_interrupt();
+                }
+                else {
+                        GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(CTRL_C_EVENT, 0);
+                        exitshell();
+                }
+                return (uintptr_t)r;
+        }
+#endif
+
         if ((uintptr_t)r > 1)
                 ash_msg_and_raise_error(r);
 
@@ -14299,6 +15247,9 @@ umaskcmd(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
                 if (!isdigit(modestr[0]))
                         mask ^= 0777;
                 umask(mask);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                setvareq(xasprintf("BB_UMASK=0%o", mask), VEXPORT|VNOSAVE);
+#endif
         }
         return 0;
 }
@@ -14392,22 +15343,108 @@ exitshell(void)
         /* NOTREACHED */
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static void xsetenv_if_unset(const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+        if (!getenv(key))
+                xsetenv(key, value);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Don't inline: conserve stack of caller from having our locals too */
 static NOINLINE void
 init(void)
 {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         /* we will never free this */
         basepf.next_to_pgetc = basepf.buf = ckmalloc(IBUFSIZ);
         basepf.linno = 1;
 
         sigmode[SIGCHLD - 1] = S_DFL; /* ensure we install handler even if it is SIG_IGNed */
         setsignal(SIGCHLD);
+#endif
 
         {
                 char **envp;
                 const char *p;
 
                 initvar();
+
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                /*
+                 * case insensitive env names from Windows world
+                 *
+                 * Some standard env names such as PATH is named Path and so on
+                 * ash itself is case sensitive, so "Path" will confuse it, as
+                 * MSVC getenv() is case insensitive.
+                 *
+                 * We may end up having both Path and PATH. Then Path will be chosen
+                 * because it appears first.
+                 */
+                for (envp = environ; envp && *envp; envp++) {
+                        if (is_prefixed_with_case(*envp, "PATH=") &&
+                                        !is_prefixed_with(*envp, "PATH=")) {
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (envp && *envp) {
+                        /*
+                         * If we get here it's because the environment contains a path
+                         * variable called something other than PATH.  This suggests we
+                         * haven't been invoked from an earlier instance of BusyBox.
+                         */
+                        char *start, *end;
+                        struct passwd *pw;
+
+                        for (envp = environ; envp && *envp; envp++) {
+                                if (!(end=strchr(*envp, '=')))
+                                        continue;
+
+                                /* make all variable names uppercase */
+                                for (start = *envp;start < end;start++)
+                                        *start = toupper(*start);
+
+                                /* Convert backslashes to forward slashes in value but
+                                 * not if we're on Windows XP or for variables known to
+                                 * cause problems */
+                                if (!winxp && !is_prefixed_with(*envp, "SYSTEMROOT=") &&
+                                                !is_prefixed_with(*envp, "COMSPEC=")) {
+                                        bs_to_slash(end+1);
+                                }
+
+                                /* check for invalid characters in name */
+                                for (start = *envp;start < end;start++) {
+                                        if (!isdigit(*start) && !isalpha(*start) && *start != '_') {
+                                                break;
+                                        }
+                                }
+
+                                if (start != end) {
+                                        /*
+                                         * Make a copy of the variable, replacing invalid
+                                         * characters in the name with underscores.
+                                         */
+                                        char *var = xstrdup(*envp);
+
+                                        for (start = var;*start != '=';start++) {
+                                                if (!isdigit(*start) && !isalpha(*start)) {
+                                                        *start = '_';
+                                                }
+                                        }
+                                        setvareq(var, VEXPORT|VNOSAVE);
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        /* Initialise some variables normally set at login, but
+                         * only if someone hasn't already set them. */
+                        pw = xgetpwuid(getuid());
+                        xsetenv_if_unset("USER",    pw->pw_name);
+                        xsetenv_if_unset("LOGNAME", pw->pw_name);
+                        xsetenv_if_unset("HOME",    pw->pw_dir);
+                        xsetenv_if_unset("SHELL",   DEFAULT_SHELL);
+                }
+#endif
                 for (envp = environ; envp && *envp; envp++) {
 /* Used to have
  *                      p = endofname(*envp);
@@ -14421,7 +15458,11 @@ init(void)
  * os.execv("ash", [ 'ash', '-c', 'env | grep test-test' ])  # breaks this
  */
                         if (strchr(*envp, '=')) {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                 setvareq(*envp, VEXPORT|VTEXTFIXED);
+#else
+                                setvareq(*envp, VEXPORT);
+#endif
                         }
                 }
 
@@ -14496,7 +15537,9 @@ procargs(char **argv)
         }
         if (iflag == 2 /* no explicit -i given */
          && sflag == 1 /* -s given (or implied) */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
          && !minusc /* bash compat: ash -sc 'echo $-' is not interactive (dash is) */
+#endif
          && isatty(0) && isatty(1) /* we are on tty */
         ) {
                 iflag = 1;
@@ -14516,6 +15559,9 @@ procargs(char **argv)
                         goto setarg0;
         } else if (!sflag) {
                 setinputfile(*xargv, 0);
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                bs_to_slash(*xargv);
+#endif
  setarg0:
                 arg0 = *xargv++;
                 commandname = arg0;
@@ -14539,8 +15585,10 @@ procargs(char **argv)
          * NB: must do it before setting up signals (in optschanged())
          * and reading .profile etc (after we return from here):
          */
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (iflag)
                 signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
+#endif
 
         optschanged();
 
@@ -14585,9 +15633,25 @@ int ash_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         struct stackmark smark;
         int login_sh;
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        INIT_G_memstack();
+
+        /* from init() */
+        basepf.next_to_pgetc = basepf.buf = ckmalloc(IBUFSIZ);
+        basepf.linno = 1;
+
+        if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--fs")) {
+                forkshell_init(argv[2]);
+                /* only reached in case of error */
+                bb_error_msg_and_die("forkshell failed");
+        }
+#endif
+
         /* Initialize global data */
         INIT_G_misc();
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         INIT_G_memstack();
+#endif
         INIT_G_var();
 #if ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS
         INIT_G_alias();
@@ -14630,9 +15694,16 @@ int ash_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         exception_handler = &jmploc;
         rootpid = getpid();
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        winxp = (argv[1] != NULL && strcmp(argv[1], "-X") == 0);
+#endif
         init();
         setstackmark(&smark);
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_handler, TRUE);
+#endif
+
 #if NUM_SCRIPTS > 0
         if (argc < 0)
                 /* Non-NULL minusc tells procargs that an embedded script is being run */
@@ -14644,11 +15715,46 @@ int ash_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         trace_puts_args(argv);
 #endif
 
+#if ENABLE_ASH_NOCONSOLE
+        if (noconsole)
+                hide_console();
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+        if (dirarg) {
+                chdir(dirarg);
+                setpwd(NULL, 0);
+        }
+        else if (!login_sh && iflag) {
+                char *cwd = getcwd(NULL, 0);
+                if (cwd) {
+                        docd(cwd, 0);
+                        free(cwd);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (title)
+                set_title(title);
+#endif
+
         if (login_sh) {
                 const char *hp;
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (!dirarg) {
+                        chdir(xgetpwuid(getuid())->pw_dir);
+                        setpwd(NULL, 0);
+                }
+#endif
+
                 state = 1;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                hp = xasprintf("%s/etc/profile", get_system_drive() ?: "");
+                read_profile(hp);
+                free((void *)hp);
+#else
                 read_profile("/etc/profile");
+#endif
  state1:
                 state = 2;
                 hp = lookupvar("HOME");
@@ -14658,9 +15764,11 @@ int ash_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
  state2:
         state = 3;
         if (iflag
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_POSIX
 #ifndef linux
          && getuid() == geteuid() && getgid() == getegid()
 #endif
+#endif
         ) {
                 const char *shinit = lookupvar("ENV");
                 if (shinit != NULL && *shinit != '\0')
@@ -14685,7 +15793,11 @@ int ash_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                 //  ash -sc 'echo $-'
                 // continue reading input from stdin after running 'echo'.
                 // bash does not do this: it prints "hBcs" and exits.
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 evalstring(minusc, EV_EXIT);
+#else
+                evalstring(minusc, sflag ? 0 : EV_EXIT);
+#endif
         }
 
         if (sflag || minusc == NULL) {
@@ -14728,6 +15840,954 @@ int ash_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
         /* NOTREACHED */
 }
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+static void
+forkshell_openhere(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+        const char *p = fs->path;
+        size_t len = strlen(p);
+        int pip[2];
+
+        pip[0] = fs->fd[0];
+        pip[1] = fs->fd[1];
+
+        TRACE(("ash: subshell: %s\n",__PRETTY_FUNCTION__));
+
+        close(pip[0]);
+        ignoresig(SIGINT);  //signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+        ignoresig(SIGQUIT); //signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+        ignoresig(SIGHUP);  //signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
+        ignoresig(SIGTSTP); //signal(SIGTSTP, SIG_IGN);
+        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+        xwrite(pip[1], p, len);
+        _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static void
+forkshell_evalbackcmd(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+#if BASH_PROCESS_SUBST
+        /* determine end of pipe used by parent (ip) and child (ic) */
+        const int ctl = fs->fd[2];
+        const int ip = (ctl == CTLTOPROC);
+        const int ic = !(ctl == CTLTOPROC);
+#else
+        const int ip = 0;
+        const int ic = 1;
+#endif
+        union node *n = fs->n;
+        int pip[2];
+
+        pip[ip] = fs->fd[ip];
+        pip[ic] = fs->fd[ic];
+
+        FORCE_INT_ON;
+        close(pip[ip]);
+        if (pip[ic] != ic) {
+                /*close(ic);*/
+                dup2_or_raise(pip[ic], ic);
+                close(pip[ic]);
+        }
+        eflag = 0;
+        ifsfree();
+        evaltreenr(n, EV_EXIT);
+        /* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+static void
+forkshell_evalsubshell(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+        union node *n = fs->n;
+        int flags = fs->flags;
+
+        TRACE(("ash: subshell: %s\n",__PRETTY_FUNCTION__));
+        INT_ON;
+        flags |= EV_EXIT;
+        expredir(n->nredir.redirect);
+        redirect(n->nredir.redirect, 0);
+        evaltreenr(n->nredir.n, flags);
+        /* never returns */
+}
+
+static void
+forkshell_evalpipe(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+        union node *n = fs->n;
+        int flags = fs->flags;
+        int prevfd = fs->fd[2];
+        int pip[2] = {fs->fd[0], fs->fd[1]};
+
+        TRACE(("ash: subshell: %s\n",__PRETTY_FUNCTION__));
+        INT_ON;
+        if (pip[1] >= 0) {
+                close(pip[0]);
+        }
+        if (prevfd > 0) {
+                dup2(prevfd, 0);
+                close(prevfd);
+        }
+        if (pip[1] > 1) {
+                dup2(pip[1], 1);
+                close(pip[1]);
+        }
+        evaltreenr(n, flags);
+}
+
+static void
+forkshell_shellexec(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+        int idx = fs->fd[0];
+        char **argv = fs->argv;
+        char *path = fs->path;
+
+        FORCE_INT_ON;
+        shellexec(argv[0], argv, path, idx);
+}
+
+static void
+forkshell_child(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+        switch ( fs->fpid ) {
+        case FS_OPENHERE:
+                forkshell_openhere(fs);
+                break;
+        case FS_EVALBACKCMD:
+                forkshell_evalbackcmd(fs);
+                break;
+        case FS_EVALSUBSHELL:
+                forkshell_evalsubshell(fs);
+                break;
+        case FS_EVALPIPE:
+                forkshell_evalpipe(fs);
+                break;
+        case FS_SHELLEXEC:
+                forkshell_shellexec(fs);
+                break;
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reinitialise the builtin environment variables in varinit.  Their
+ * current settings have been copied from the parent in vartab.  Look
+ * these up using the names from varinit_data, copy the details from
+ * vartab to varinit and replace the old copy in vartab with the new
+ * one in varinit.
+ *
+ * Also reinitialise the function pointers and line number variable.
+ */
+static void
+reinitvar(void)
+{
+        int i;
+        const char *name;
+        struct var **vpp, **old;
+
+        for (i=0; i<ARRAY_SIZE(varinit); ++i) {
+                if (i == LINENO_INDEX)
+                        name = "LINENO=";
+                else if (i == FUNCNAME_INDEX)
+                        name = "FUNCNAME=";
+                else
+                        name = varinit_data[i].var_text;
+                vpp = hashvar(name);
+                if ( (old=findvar(vpp, name)) != NULL ) {
+                        varinit[i] = **old;
+                        *old = varinit+i;
+                }
+                varinit[i].var_func = varinit_data[i].var_func;
+        }
+        vlineno.var_text = linenovar;
+        vfuncname.var_text = funcnamevar;
+}
+
+static void
+spawn_forkshell(struct forkshell *fs, struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
+{
+        struct forkshell *new;
+        char buf[32];
+        const char *argv[] = { "sh", "--fs", NULL, NULL };
+        intptr_t ret;
+
+        new = forkshell_prepare(fs);
+        if (new == NULL)
+                goto fail;
+
+        new->mode = mode;
+        new->nprocs = jp == NULL ? 0 : jp->nprocs;
+        sprintf(buf, "%p", new->hMapFile);
+        argv[2] = buf;
+        ret = spawnve(P_NOWAIT, bb_busybox_exec_path, (char *const *)argv, NULL);
+        CloseHandle(new->hMapFile);
+        UnmapViewOfFile(new);
+        if (ret == -1) {
+ fail:
+                if (jp)
+                        freejob(jp);
+                ash_msg_and_raise_error("unable to spawn shell");
+        }
+        forkparent(jp, n, mode, (HANDLE)ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * forkshell_prepare() and friends
+ *
+ * The sequence is as follows:
+ * - funcblocksize is initialized
+ * - forkshell_size(fs) is called to calculate the exact memory needed
+ * - a new struct is allocated
+ * - funcblock, funcstring, relocate are initialized from the new block
+ * - forkshell_copy(fs) is called to copy recursively everything over
+ *   it will record all relocations along the way
+ *
+ * When this memory is mapped elsewhere, pointer fixup will be needed
+ */
+
+/* redefine without test that fs_size is nonzero */
+#undef SAVE_PTR
+#undef SAVE_PTR2
+#undef SAVE_PTR3
+#define SAVE_PTR(dst,note,flag) {MARK_PTR(dst,flag); ANNOT(dst,note);}
+
+static int align_len(const char *s)
+{
+        return s ? SHELL_ALIGN(strlen(s)+1) : 0;
+}
+
+struct datasize {
+        int funcblocksize;
+        int funcstringsize;
+};
+
+#define SLIST_SIZE_BEGIN(name,type) \
+static struct datasize \
+name(struct datasize ds, type *p) \
+{ \
+        while (p) { \
+                ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(type);
+                /* do something here with p */
+#define SLIST_SIZE_END() \
+                p = p->next; \
+        } \
+        return ds; \
+}
+
+#define SLIST_COPY_BEGIN(name,type) \
+static type * \
+name(type *vp) \
+{ \
+        type *start; \
+        type **vpp; \
+        vpp = &start; \
+        while (vp) { \
+                *vpp = funcblock; \
+                funcblock = (char *) funcblock + sizeof(type);
+                /* do something here with vpp and vp */
+#define SLIST_COPY_END() \
+                SAVE_PTR((*vpp)->next, "(*vpp)->next", NO_FREE); \
+                vp = vp->next; \
+                vpp = &(*vpp)->next; \
+        } \
+        *vpp = NULL; \
+        return start; \
+}
+
+/*
+ * struct var
+ */
+SLIST_SIZE_BEGIN(var_size,struct var)
+ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->var_text);
+SLIST_SIZE_END()
+
+SLIST_COPY_BEGIN(var_copy,struct var)
+(*vpp)->var_text = nodeckstrdup(vp->var_text);
+(*vpp)->flags = vp->flags;
+(*vpp)->var_func = NULL;
+SAVE_PTR((*vpp)->var_text, xasprintf("(*vpp)->var_text '%s'", vp->var_text ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+SLIST_COPY_END()
+
+/*
+ * struct tblentry
+ */
+static struct datasize
+tblentry_size(struct datasize ds, struct tblentry *tep)
+{
+        while (tep) {
+                ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(struct tblentry) + align_len(tep->cmdname);
+                /* CMDBUILTIN, e->param.cmd needs no pointer relocation */
+                if (tep->cmdtype == CMDFUNCTION) {
+                        ds.funcblocksize += offsetof(struct funcnode, n);
+                        ds.funcblocksize = calcsize(ds.funcblocksize, &tep->param.func->n);
+                }
+                tep = tep->next;
+        }
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static struct tblentry *
+tblentry_copy(struct tblentry *tep)
+{
+        struct tblentry *start;
+        struct tblentry **newp;
+        int size;
+
+        newp = &start;
+        while (tep) {
+                *newp = funcblock;
+                size = sizeof(struct tblentry) + align_len(tep->cmdname);
+
+                funcblock = (char *) funcblock + size;
+                memcpy(*newp, tep, sizeof(struct tblentry)+strlen(tep->cmdname));
+                switch (tep->cmdtype) {
+                case CMDBUILTIN:
+                        /* Save index of builtin, not pointer; fixed by forkshell_init() */
+                        (*newp)->param.index = tep->param.cmd - builtintab;
+                        break;
+                case CMDFUNCTION:
+                        (*newp)->param.func = funcblock;
+                        funcblock = (char *) funcblock + offsetof(struct funcnode, n);
+                        copynode(&tep->param.func->n);
+                        SAVE_PTR((*newp)->param.func, "param.func", NO_FREE);
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        break;
+                }
+                SAVE_PTR((*newp)->next, xasprintf("cmdname '%s'", tep->cmdname), FREE);
+                tep = tep->next;
+                newp = &(*newp)->next;
+        }
+        *newp = NULL;
+        return start;
+}
+
+static struct datasize
+cmdtable_size(struct datasize ds, struct tblentry **cmdtablep)
+{
+        int i;
+        ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(struct tblentry *)*CMDTABLESIZE;
+        for (i = 0; i < CMDTABLESIZE; i++)
+                ds = tblentry_size(ds, cmdtablep[i]);
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static struct tblentry **
+cmdtable_copy(struct tblentry **cmdtablep)
+{
+        struct tblentry **new = funcblock;
+        int i;
+
+        funcblock = (char *) funcblock + sizeof(struct tblentry *)*CMDTABLESIZE;
+        for (i = 0; i < CMDTABLESIZE; i++) {
+                new[i] = tblentry_copy(cmdtablep[i]);
+                SAVE_PTR(new[i], xasprintf("cmdtable[%d]", i), FREE);
+        }
+        return new;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS
+/*
+ * struct alias
+ */
+SLIST_SIZE_BEGIN(alias_size,struct alias)
+ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->name);
+ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->val);
+SLIST_SIZE_END()
+
+SLIST_COPY_BEGIN(alias_copy,struct alias)
+(*vpp)->name = nodeckstrdup(vp->name);
+(*vpp)->val = nodeckstrdup(vp->val);
+(*vpp)->flag = vp->flag;
+SAVE_PTR((*vpp)->name, xasprintf("(*vpp)->name '%s'", vp->name ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+SAVE_PTR((*vpp)->val, xasprintf("(*vpp)->val '%s'", vp->val ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+SLIST_COPY_END()
+
+static struct datasize
+atab_size(struct datasize ds, struct alias **atabp)
+{
+        int i;
+        ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(struct alias *)*ATABSIZE;
+        for (i = 0; i < ATABSIZE; i++)
+                ds = alias_size(ds, atabp[i]);
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static struct alias **
+atab_copy(struct alias **atabp)
+{
+        struct alias **new = funcblock;
+        int i;
+
+        funcblock = (char *) funcblock + sizeof(struct alias *)*ATABSIZE;
+        for (i = 0; i < ATABSIZE; i++) {
+                new[i] = alias_copy(atabp[i]);
+                SAVE_PTR(new[i], xasprintf("atab[%d]", i), FREE);
+        }
+        return new;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * char **
+ */
+static struct datasize
+argv_size(struct datasize ds, char **p)
+{
+        if (p) {
+                while (*p) {
+                        ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(char *);
+                        ds.funcstringsize += align_len(*p);
+                        p++;
+                }
+                ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(char *);
+        }
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static char **
+argv_copy(char **p)
+{
+        char **new, **start = funcblock;
+#if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+        int i = 0;
+#endif
+
+        if (p) {
+                while (*p) {
+                        new = funcblock;
+                        funcblock = (char *) funcblock + sizeof(char *);
+                        *new = nodeckstrdup(*p);
+                        SAVE_PTR(*new, xasprintf("argv[%d] '%s'", i++, *p), FREE);
+                        p++;
+                }
+                new = funcblock;
+                funcblock = (char *) funcblock + sizeof(char *);
+                *new = NULL;
+                return start;
+        }
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+#if MAX_HISTORY
+static struct datasize
+history_size(struct datasize ds, line_input_t *st)
+{
+        int i;
+
+        ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(char *) * st->cnt_history;
+        for (i = 0; i < st->cnt_history; i++) {
+                ds.funcstringsize += align_len(st->history[i]);
+        }
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static char **
+history_copy(line_input_t *st)
+{
+        char **new = funcblock;
+        int i;
+
+        funcblock = (char *)funcblock + sizeof(char *) * st->cnt_history;
+        for (i = 0; i < st->cnt_history; i++) {
+                new[i] = nodeckstrdup(st->history[i]);
+                SAVE_PTR(new[i],
+                        xasprintf("history[%d] '%s'", i, st->history[i]), FREE);
+        }
+        return new;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * struct redirtab
+ */
+static int
+redirtab_size(int funcblocksize, struct redirtab *rdtp)
+{
+        while (rdtp) {
+                funcblocksize += sizeof(*rdtp)+sizeof(rdtp->two_fd[0])*rdtp->pair_count;
+                rdtp = rdtp->next;
+        }
+        return funcblocksize;
+}
+
+static struct redirtab *
+redirtab_copy(struct redirtab *rdtp)
+{
+        struct redirtab *start;
+        struct redirtab **vpp;
+
+        vpp = &start;
+        while (rdtp) {
+                int size = sizeof(*rdtp)+sizeof(rdtp->two_fd[0])*rdtp->pair_count;
+                *vpp = funcblock;
+                funcblock = (char *) funcblock + size;
+                memcpy(*vpp, rdtp, size);
+                SAVE_PTR((*vpp)->next, "(*vpp)->next", NO_FREE);
+                rdtp = rdtp->next;
+                vpp = &(*vpp)->next;
+        }
+        *vpp = NULL;
+        return start;
+}
+
+#undef funcname
+#undef shellparam
+#undef redirlist
+#undef vartab
+static struct datasize
+globals_var_size(struct datasize ds, struct globals_var *gvp)
+{
+        int i;
+
+        ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(struct globals_var);
+        ds.funcstringsize += align_len(gvp->funcname);
+        ds = argv_size(ds, gvp->shellparam.p);
+        ds.funcblocksize = redirtab_size(ds.funcblocksize, gvp->redirlist);
+        for (i = 0; i < VTABSIZE; i++)
+                ds = var_size(ds, gvp->vartab[i]);
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static struct globals_var *
+globals_var_copy(struct globals_var *gvp)
+{
+        int i;
+        struct globals_var *new;
+
+        new = funcblock;
+        funcblock = (char *) funcblock + sizeof(struct globals_var);
+        memcpy(new, gvp, sizeof(struct globals_var));
+
+        new->funcname = nodeckstrdup(gvp->funcname);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->funcname, xasprintf("funcname '%s'", gvp->funcname ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+
+        /* shparam */
+        new->shellparam.malloced = 0;
+        new->shellparam.p = argv_copy(gvp->shellparam.p);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->shellparam.p, "shellparam.p", NO_FREE);
+
+        new->redirlist = redirtab_copy(gvp->redirlist);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->redirlist, "redirlist", NO_FREE);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < VTABSIZE; i++) {
+                new->vartab[i] = var_copy(gvp->vartab[i]);
+                SAVE_PTR(new->vartab[i], xasprintf("vartab[%d]", i), FREE);
+        }
+
+        return new;
+}
+
+#undef minusc
+#undef curdir
+#undef physdir
+#undef arg0
+#undef commandname
+#undef nullstr
+static struct datasize
+globals_misc_size(struct datasize ds, struct globals_misc *p)
+{
+        ds.funcblocksize += sizeof(struct globals_misc);
+        ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->minusc);
+        if (p->curdir != p->nullstr)
+                ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->curdir);
+        if (p->physdir != p->nullstr)
+                ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->physdir);
+        ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->arg0);
+        ds.funcstringsize += align_len(p->commandname);
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static struct globals_misc *
+globals_misc_copy(struct globals_misc *p)
+{
+        struct globals_misc *new = funcblock;
+
+        funcblock = (char *) funcblock + sizeof(struct globals_misc);
+        memcpy(new, p, sizeof(struct globals_misc));
+
+        new->minusc = nodeckstrdup(p->minusc);
+        new->curdir = p->curdir != p->nullstr ? nodeckstrdup(p->curdir) : new->nullstr;
+        new->physdir = p->physdir != p->nullstr ? nodeckstrdup(p->physdir) : new->nullstr;
+        new->arg0 = nodeckstrdup(p->arg0);
+        new->commandname = nodeckstrdup(p->commandname);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->minusc, xasprintf("minusc '%s'", p->minusc ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->curdir,
+                        xasprintf("curdir '%s'", new->curdir ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->physdir,
+                        xasprintf("physdir '%s'", new->physdir ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->arg0, xasprintf("arg0 '%s'", p->arg0 ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->commandname,
+                        xasprintf("commandname '%s'", p->commandname ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+        return new;
+}
+
+static struct datasize
+forkshell_size(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+        struct datasize ds = {0, 0};
+
+        ds.funcstringsize += align_len(fs->path);
+        if (fs->fpid == FS_OPENHERE)
+                return ds;
+
+        ds = globals_var_size(ds, ash_ptr_to_globals_var);
+        ds = globals_misc_size(ds, ash_ptr_to_globals_misc);
+        ds = cmdtable_size(ds, cmdtable);
+
+        ds.funcblocksize = calcsize(ds.funcblocksize, fs->n);
+        ds = argv_size(ds, fs->argv);
+
+        if ((ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS || MAX_HISTORY) && fs->fpid != FS_SHELLEXEC) {
+#if ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS
+                ds = atab_size(ds, atab);
+#endif
+#if MAX_HISTORY
+                if (line_input_state)
+                        ds = history_size(ds, line_input_state);
+#endif
+        }
+        return ds;
+}
+
+static void
+forkshell_copy(struct forkshell *fs, struct forkshell *new)
+{
+        memcpy(new, fs, sizeof(struct forkshell)); /* non-pointer stuff */
+
+        new->path = nodeckstrdup(fs->path);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->path, xasprintf("path '%s'", fs->path ?: "NULL"), FREE);
+        if (fs->fpid == FS_OPENHERE)
+                return;
+
+        new->gvp = globals_var_copy(ash_ptr_to_globals_var);
+        new->gmp = globals_misc_copy(ash_ptr_to_globals_misc);
+        new->cmdtable = cmdtable_copy(cmdtable);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->gvp, "gvp", NO_FREE);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->gmp, "gmp", NO_FREE);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->cmdtable, "cmdtable", NO_FREE);
+
+        new->n = copynode(fs->n);
+        new->argv = argv_copy(fs->argv);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->n, "n", NO_FREE);
+        SAVE_PTR(new->argv, "argv", NO_FREE);
+
+        if ((ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS || MAX_HISTORY) && fs->fpid != FS_SHELLEXEC) {
+#if ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS
+                new->atab = atab_copy(atab);
+                SAVE_PTR(new->atab, "atab", NO_FREE);
+#endif
+#if MAX_HISTORY
+                if (line_input_state) {
+                        new->history = history_copy(line_input_state);
+                        SAVE_PTR(new->history, "history", NO_FREE);
+                        new->cnt_history = line_input_state->cnt_history;
+                }
+#endif
+        }
+}
+
+#if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+/* fp and notes can each be NULL */
+#define NUM_BLOCKS 7
+static void
+forkshell_print(FILE *fp0, struct forkshell *fs, const char **notes)
+{
+        FILE *fp;
+        void *lfuncblock;
+        char *lfuncstring;
+        char *lrelocate;
+        char *s;
+        int count, i, total;
+        int size[NUM_BLOCKS];
+        char *lptr[NUM_BLOCKS+1];
+        enum {GVP, GMP, CMDTABLE, NODE, ARGV, ATAB, HISTORY, FUNCSTRING};
+        const char *fsname[] = {
+                "FS_OPENHERE",
+                "FS_EVALBACKCMD",
+                "FS_EVALSUBSHELL",
+                "FS_EVALPIPE",
+                "FS_SHELLEXEC"
+        };
+
+        if (fp0 != NULL) {
+                fp = fp0;
+        }
+        else {
+                char name[64];
+                static int num = 0;
+
+                sprintf(name, "fs_%d_%03d.out", getpid(), ++num % 100);
+                if ((fp=fopen(name, "w")) == NULL)
+                        return;
+        }
+
+        total = sizeof(struct forkshell) + fs->funcblocksize +
+                                fs->funcstringsize + fs->relocatesize;
+        fprintf(fp, "total size    %6d = %d + %d + %d + %d = %d\n",
+                                fs->size + fs->relocatesize,
+                                (int)sizeof(struct forkshell), fs->funcblocksize,
+                                fs->funcstringsize, fs->relocatesize, total);
+
+        lfuncblock = (char *)(fs + 1);
+        lfuncstring = (char *)lfuncblock + fs->funcblocksize;
+        lrelocate = (char *)lfuncstring + fs->funcstringsize;
+
+        /* funcblocksize is zero for FS_OPENHERE */
+        if (fs->funcblocksize != 0) {
+                /* Depending on the configuration and the type of forkshell
+                 * some items may not be present. */
+                lptr[FUNCSTRING] = lfuncstring;
+#if MAX_HISTORY
+                lptr[HISTORY] = fs->history ? (char *)fs->history : lptr[FUNCSTRING];
+#else
+                lptr[HISTORY] = lptr[FUNCSTRING];
+#endif
+                lptr[ATAB] = IF_ASH_ALIAS(fs->atab ? (char *)fs->atab :) lptr[HISTORY];
+                lptr[ARGV] = fs->argv ? (char *)fs->argv : lptr[ATAB];
+                lptr[NODE] = fs->n ? (char *)fs->n : lptr[ARGV];
+                lptr[CMDTABLE] = (char *)fs->cmdtable;
+                lptr[GMP] = (char *)fs->gmp;
+                lptr[GVP] = (char *)fs->gvp;
+
+                fprintf(fp, "funcblocksize %6d = ", fs->funcblocksize);
+                total = 0;
+                for (i=0; i<NUM_BLOCKS; ++i) {
+                        size[i] = (int)(lptr[i+1] - lptr[i]);
+                        total += size[i];
+                        fprintf(fp, "%d %c ", size[i], i == NUM_BLOCKS - 1 ? '=' : '+');
+                }
+                fprintf(fp, "%d\n\n", total);
+        }
+        else {
+                fprintf(fp, "\n");
+        }
+
+        fprintf(fp, "%s\n\n", fsname[fs->fpid]);
+        fprintf(fp, "--- relocate ---\n");
+        count = 0;
+        for (i = 0; i < fs->relocatesize; ++i) {
+                if (lrelocate[i]) {
+                        char **ptr = (char **)((char *)fs + i);
+                        fprintf(fp, "%p %p %s\n", ptr, *ptr,
+                                        notes && notes[i] ? notes[i] : "");
+                        ++count;
+                }
+        }
+        fprintf(fp, "--- %d relocations ---\n\n", count);
+
+        fprintf(fp, "--- funcstring ---\n");
+        count = 0;
+        s = lfuncstring;
+        while (s-lfuncstring < fs->funcstringsize) {
+                if (!*s) {
+                        ++s;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                fprintf(fp, "%p '%s'\n", s, s);
+                s += strlen(s)+1;
+                ++count;
+        }
+        fprintf(fp, "--- %d strings ---\n", count);
+
+        if (fp0 == NULL)
+                fclose(fp);
+}
+#endif
+
+static struct forkshell *
+forkshell_prepare(struct forkshell *fs)
+{
+        struct forkshell *new;
+        struct datasize ds;
+        int size, relocatesize;
+        HANDLE h;
+        SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
+#if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+        char *relocate;
+        char name[64];
+        FILE *fp;
+        static int num = 0;
+#endif
+
+        /* calculate size of structure, funcblock and funcstring */
+        ds = forkshell_size(fs);
+        size = sizeof(struct forkshell) + ds.funcblocksize + ds.funcstringsize;
+        relocatesize = sizeof(struct forkshell) + ds.funcblocksize;
+
+        /* Allocate shared memory region */
+        memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+        sa.nLength = sizeof(sa);
+        sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
+        sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
+        h = CreateFileMapping(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, &sa, PAGE_READWRITE, 0,
+                        size+relocatesize, NULL);
+
+        /* Initialise pointers */
+        new = (struct forkshell *)MapViewOfFile(h, FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0,0, 0);
+        if (new == NULL)
+                return NULL;
+        fs_size = size;
+        funcblock = (char *)(new + 1);
+        funcstring_end = (char *)new + size;
+#if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+        fs_start = new;
+        relocate = (char *)new + size;
+        annot = (const char **)xzalloc(sizeof(char *)*relocatesize);
+#endif
+
+        /* Now pack them all */
+        forkshell_copy(fs, new);
+
+        /* Finish it up */
+        new->size = size;
+        new->relocatesize = relocatesize;
+        new->old_base = (char *)new;
+        new->hMapFile = h;
+#if FORKSHELL_DEBUG
+        sprintf(name, "fs_%d_%03d.out", getpid(), ++num % 100);
+        if ((fp=fopen(name, "w")) != NULL) {
+                int i;
+
+                new->funcblocksize = (char *)funcblock - (char *)(new + 1);
+                new->funcstringsize = (char *)new + size - funcstring_end;
+
+                /* perform some sanity checks on pointers */
+                fprintf(fp, "forkshell   %p  %6d\n", new, (int)sizeof(*new));
+                fprintf(fp, "funcblock   %p  %6d\n", new+1, new->funcblocksize);
+                fprintf(fp, "funcstring  %p  %6d\n", funcstring_end,
+                                new->funcstringsize);
+                if ((char *)funcblock != funcstring_end)
+                        fprintf(fp, "   funcstring != end funcblock + 1 %p\n", funcblock);
+                fprintf(fp, "relocate    %p  %6d\n\n", relocate, new->relocatesize);
+
+                forkshell_print(fp, new, annot);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < relocatesize; ++i) {
+                        /* check relocations are only present for structure and funcblock */
+                        if (i >= sizeof(*new)+new->funcblocksize && annot[i] != NULL) {
+                                fprintf(fp, "\nnon-NULL annotation at offset %d (> %d) %s\n",
+                                                i, (int)sizeof(*new)+new->funcblocksize, annot[i]);
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        if (relocate[i] == FREE) {
+                                free((void *)annot[i]);
+                        }
+                }
+                free(annot);
+                annot = NULL;
+                fclose(fp);
+        }
+#endif
+        return new;
+}
+
+#undef trap
+#undef trap_ptr
+static void
+forkshell_init(const char *idstr)
+{
+        struct forkshell *fs;
+        void *map_handle;
+        HANDLE h;
+        struct globals_var **gvpp;
+        struct globals_misc **gmpp;
+        int i;
+        char **ptr;
+        char *lrelocate;
+        struct jmploc jmploc;
+
+        if (sscanf(idstr, "%p", &map_handle) != 1)
+                return;
+
+        h = (HANDLE)map_handle;
+        fs = (struct forkshell *)MapViewOfFile(h, FILE_MAP_WRITE, 0,0, 0);
+        if (!fs)
+                return;
+
+        /* this memory can't be freed */
+        sticky_mem_start = fs;
+        sticky_mem_end = (char *) fs + fs->size;
+
+        /* pointer fixup */
+        lrelocate = (char *)fs + fs->size;
+        for (i = 0; i < fs->relocatesize; i++) {
+                if (lrelocate[i]) {
+                        ptr = (char **)((char *)fs + i);
+                        if (*ptr)
+                                *ptr = (char *)fs + (*ptr - fs->old_base);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (fs->fpid == FS_OPENHERE)
+                goto end;
+
+        /* Now fix up stuff that can't be transferred */
+        for (i = 0; i < CMDTABLESIZE; i++) {
+                struct tblentry *e = fs->cmdtable[i];
+                while (e) {
+                        if (e->cmdtype == CMDBUILTIN)
+                                e->param.cmd = builtintab + e->param.index;
+                        e = e->next;
+                }
+        }
+        memset(fs->gmp->trap, 0, sizeof(fs->gmp->trap[0])*NSIG);
+        /* fs->gmp->trap_ptr = fs->gmp->trap; */
+
+        /* Set global variables */
+        gvpp = (struct globals_var **)&ash_ptr_to_globals_var;
+        *gvpp = fs->gvp;
+        gmpp = (struct globals_misc **)&ash_ptr_to_globals_misc;
+        *gmpp = fs->gmp;
+        cmdtable = fs->cmdtable;
+#if ENABLE_ASH_ALIAS
+        atab = fs->atab;        /* will be NULL for FS_SHELLEXEC */
+#endif
+#if MAX_HISTORY
+        if (fs->cnt_history) {
+                line_input_state = new_line_input_t(FOR_SHELL);
+                line_input_state->cnt_history = fs->cnt_history;
+                for (i = 0; i < line_input_state->cnt_history; i++)
+                        line_input_state->history[i] = fs->history[i];
+        }
+#endif
+
+        CLEAR_RANDOM_T(&random_gen); /* or else $RANDOM repeats in child */
+
+        reinitvar();
+
+        if (setjmp(jmploc.loc)) {
+                exitreset();
+                exitshell();
+        }
+        exception_handler = &jmploc;
+
+        shlvl++;
+        if (fs->mode == FORK_BG) {
+                SetConsoleCtrlHandler(NULL, TRUE);
+                if (fs->nprocs == 0) {
+                        close(0);
+                        if (open(bb_dev_null, O_RDONLY) != 0)
+                                ash_msg_and_raise_perror("can't open '%s'", bb_dev_null);
+                }
+        }
+        else {
+                SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_handler, TRUE);
+        }
+#if JOBS_WIN32
+        /* do job control only in root shell */
+        doing_jobctl = 0;
+#endif
+ end:
+        forkshell_child(fs);
+}
+
+#undef free
+static void
+sticky_free(void *base)
+{
+        if (base >= sticky_mem_start && base < sticky_mem_end)
+                return;
+        free(base);
+}
+#endif
 
 /*-
  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994
diff --git a/shell/math.h b/shell/math.h
index 41ef6e8df..a3fe51b6b 100644
--- a/shell/math.h
+++ b/shell/math.h
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ PUSH_AND_SET_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY_TO_HIDDEN
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_MATH_64
 typedef long long arith_t;
-# define ARITH_FMT "%lld"
+#define ARITH_FMT "%"LL_FMT"d"
 #else
 typedef long arith_t;
 # define ARITH_FMT "%ld"
diff --git a/shell/random.c b/shell/random.c
index 56c7c5a3c..ffe0cc937 100644
--- a/shell/random.c
+++ b/shell/random.c
@@ -19,6 +19,17 @@
 # include "random.h"
 # define RAND_BASH_MASK 0x7fff
 
+# if ENABLE_FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL
+uint32_t FAST_FUNC
+next_random(random_t *rnd)
+{
+        return full_random(rnd) & RAND_BASH_MASK;
+}
+#  undef RAND_BASH_MASK
+#  define RAND_BASH_MASK 0xffffffff
+#  define next_random full_random
+# endif
+
 #else
 # include <stdint.h>
 # include <unistd.h>
diff --git a/shell/random.h b/shell/random.h
index c4eb44c13..75fe0f69f 100644
--- a/shell/random.h
+++ b/shell/random.h
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ typedef struct random_t {
         ((rnd)->galois_LFSR = 0)
 
 uint32_t next_random(random_t *rnd) FAST_FUNC;
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL
+uint32_t full_random(random_t *rnd) FAST_FUNC;
+#endif
 
 POP_SAVED_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY
 
diff --git a/shell/shell_common.c b/shell/shell_common.c
index 2e36d9208..fff356c04 100644
--- a/shell/shell_common.c
+++ b/shell/shell_common.c
@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "shell_common.h"
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 const char defifsvar[] ALIGN1 = "IFS= \t\n";
+#else
+const char defifsvar[] ALIGN1 = "IFS= \t\n\r";
+#endif
 const char defoptindvar[] ALIGN1 = "OPTIND=1";
 
 /* read builtin */
@@ -43,7 +47,9 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
         char **pp;
         char *buffer;
         char delim;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         struct termios tty, old_tty;
+#endif
         const char *retval;
         int bufpos; /* need to be able to hold -1 */
         int startword;
@@ -123,6 +129,18 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
                  * bash seems to ignore -p PROMPT for this use case.
                  */
                 int r;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                HANDLE handle = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+                DWORD filetype = FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+
+                if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        filetype = GetFileType(handle);
+                /* poll uses WaitForSingleObject which can't handle disk files */
+                if (filetype == FILE_TYPE_DISK || filetype == FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN)
+                        return (const char *)(uintptr_t)(0);
+                if (isatty(fd))
+                        return (const char *)(uintptr_t)(1);
+#endif
                 pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
                 r = poll(pfd, 1, /*timeout:*/ 0);
                 /* Return 0 only if poll returns 1 ("one fd ready"), else return 1: */
@@ -139,6 +157,7 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
                 ifs = defifs;
 
         read_flags = params->read_flags;
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (nchars || (read_flags & BUILTIN_READ_SILENT)) {
                 tcgetattr(fd, &tty);
                 old_tty = tty;
@@ -161,6 +180,7 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
                  * Ignoring, it's harmless. */
                 tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tty);
         }
+#endif
 
         retval = (const char *)(uintptr_t)0;
         startword = 1;
@@ -177,6 +197,7 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
                 if ((bufpos & 0xff) == 0)
                         buffer = xrealloc(buffer, bufpos + 0x101);
 
+ IF_PLATFORM_MINGW32(loop:)
                 timeout = -1;
                 if (params->opt_t) {
                         timeout = end_ms - (unsigned)monotonic_ms();
@@ -190,6 +211,7 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
                         }
                 }
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                 /* We must poll even if timeout is -1:
                  * we want to be interrupted if signal arrives,
                  * regardless of SA_RESTART-ness of that signal!
@@ -207,8 +229,52 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
                         retval = (const char *)(uintptr_t)1;
                         break;
                 }
+#else
+                errno = 0;
+                if (isatty(fd)) {
+                        int64_t key;
+
+                        key = read_key(fd, NULL, timeout);
+                        if (key == 0x03) {
+                                /* ^C pressed */
+                                retval = (const char *)(uintptr_t)2;
+                                goto ret;
+                        }
+                        else if (key == -1 || (key == 0x1a && bufpos == 0)) {
+                                /* timeout or ^Z at start of buffer */
+                                retval = (const char *)(uintptr_t)1;
+                                goto ret;
+                        }
+                        else if (key == '\b') {
+                                if (bufpos > 0) {
+                                        --bufpos;
+                                        ++nchars;
+                                        if (!(read_flags & BUILTIN_READ_SILENT)) {
+                                                printf("\b \b");
+                                        }
+                                }
+                                goto loop;
+                        }
+                        buffer[bufpos] = key == '\r' ? '\n' : key;
+                        if (!(read_flags & BUILTIN_READ_SILENT)) {
+                                /* echo input if not in silent mode */
+                                putchar(buffer[bufpos]);
+                        }
+                }
+                else {
+                        if (read(fd, &buffer[bufpos], 1) != 1) {
+                                err = errno;
+                                retval = (const char *)(uintptr_t)1;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+#endif
 
                 c = buffer[bufpos];
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (c == '\r')
+                        continue;
+#endif
                 if (!(read_flags & BUILTIN_READ_RAW)) {
                         if (backslash) {
                                 backslash = 0;
@@ -309,8 +375,10 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
 
  ret:
         free(buffer);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         if (read_flags & BUILTIN_READ_SILENT)
                 tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &old_tty);
+#endif
 
         errno = err;
         return retval;
@@ -319,6 +387,7 @@ shell_builtin_read(struct builtin_read_params *params)
 
 /* ulimit builtin */
 
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
 struct limits {
         uint8_t cmd;            /* RLIMIT_xxx fit into it */
         uint8_t factor_shift;   /* shift by to get rlim_{cur,max} values */
@@ -687,3 +756,9 @@ shell_builtin_ulimit(char **argv)
 
         return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
+#else
+int FAST_FUNC shell_builtin_ulimit(char **argv UNUSED_PARAM)
+{
+        return 1;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/testsuite/busybox.tests b/testsuite/busybox.tests
index beb17440c..2ce09b281 100755
--- a/testsuite/busybox.tests
+++ b/testsuite/busybox.tests
@@ -7,11 +7,22 @@
 . ./testing.sh
 test -f "$bindir/.config" && . "$bindir/.config"
 
-ln -s `which busybox` unknown
+if [ -f "$bindir/busybox.exe" ]; then
+        # Copy rather than link busybox.exe:  we can only make hard
+        # links which can't be deleted because Windows sees the
+        # executable as running.
+        suffix=".exe"
+        lncmd="cp"
+else
+        suffix=""
+        lncmd="ln -s"
+fi
+
+$lncmd "$(which busybox)" unknown$suffix
 
 testing "busybox as unknown name" "./unknown 2>&1" \
         "unknown: applet not found\n" "" ""
-rm unknown
+rm unknown$suffix
 
 # We need busybox --help to be enabled for the rest of tests
 test x"$CONFIG_BUSYBOX" = x"y" \
@@ -23,7 +34,7 @@ optional FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE
 testing "busybox --help busybox" "true | busybox --help busybox 2>&1 | cat" "$HELPDUMP\n" "" ""
 SKIP=
 
-ln -s `which busybox` busybox-suffix
+$lncmd "$(which busybox)" busybox-suffix$suffix
 for i in busybox ./busybox-suffix
 do
         testing "$i" "$i 2>&1 | cat" "$HELPDUMP\n" "" ""
@@ -42,6 +53,6 @@ do
         testing "$i --help unknown" "$i --help unknown 2>&1" \
                 "unknown: applet not found\n" "" ""
 done
-rm busybox-suffix
+rm busybox-suffix$suffix
 
 exit $FAILCOUNT
diff --git a/testsuite/runtest b/testsuite/runtest
index 44f9cd1a1..adbcb1178 100755
--- a/testsuite/runtest
+++ b/testsuite/runtest
@@ -99,6 +99,20 @@ if [ x"$1" = x"-v" ]; then
         shift
 fi
 
+if [ -f "$bindir/busybox.exe" ]; then
+        suffix=".exe"
+        lnflag=""
+
+        # Some tests require /bin/echo and /bin/true exist
+        test ! -d /tmp && mkdir /tmp
+        test ! -d /bin && mkdir /bin
+        test ! -f /bin/echo.exe && cp "$bindir/busybox.exe" /bin/echo.exe
+        test ! -f /bin/true.exe && cp "$bindir/busybox.exe" /bin/true.exe
+else
+        suffix=""
+        lnflag="-s"
+fi
+
 implemented=$(
         printf "busybox " # always implemented
         "$bindir/busybox" 2>&1 |
@@ -128,7 +142,7 @@ for i in $implemented; do
         # Note: if $LINKSDIR/applet exists, we do not overwrite it.
         # Useful if one wants to run tests against a standard utility,
         # not an applet.
-        ln -s "$bindir/busybox" "$LINKSDIR/$i" 2>/dev/null
+        ln $lnflag "$bindir/busybox$suffix" "$LINKSDIR/$i$suffix" 2>/dev/null
 done
 
 # Set up option flags so tests can be selective.
@@ -146,7 +160,7 @@ for applet in $applets; do
 
         # Is this a new-style test?
         if [ -f "$applet.tests" ]; then
-                if [ ! -e "$LINKSDIR/$applet" ]; then
+                if [ ! -e "$LINKSDIR/$applet$suffix" ]; then
                         # (avoiding bash'ism "${applet:0:4}")
                         if ! echo "$applet" | grep "^all_" >/dev/null; then
                                 echo "SKIPPED: $applet (not built)"
diff --git a/testsuite/sh.tests b/testsuite/sh.tests
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2a510fb25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testsuite/sh.tests
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Test sh scripts
+#
+# Copyright 2019 by STMicroelectronics
+# Licensed under GPLv2, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
+
+. ./testing.sh
+
+test -f "$bindir/.config" && . "$bindir/.config"
+
+# testing "test name" "options" "expected result" "file input" "stdin"
+
+# Test case
+testing "shebang" \
+        "uudecode; sh -c './shebang.sh'; echo \$?" \
+        "Hello world
+0
+" \
+"" "\
+begin-base64 755 shebang.sh
+IyEvYmluL3NoCmVjaG8gIkhlbGxvIHdvcmxkIgo=
+====
+"
+rm -f shebang.sh
+
+# Test case
+testing "shebang with whitespace" \
+        "uudecode; sh -c './shebang_trailing_space.sh'; echo \$?" \
+        "Hello world
+0
+" \
+"" "\
+begin-base64 755 shebang_trailing_space.sh
+IyEvYmluL3NoIAplY2hvICJIZWxsbyB3b3JsZCIK
+====
+"
+rm -f shebang_trailing_space.sh
+
+# Test case
+testing "shebang with argument" \
+        "uudecode; sh -c './shebang_argument.sh'; echo \$?" \
+        "Hello world
+0
+" \
+"" "\
+begin-base64 755 shebang_argument.sh
+IyEvYmluL3NoIC0KZWNobyAiSGVsbG8gd29ybGQiCg==
+====
+"
+rm -f shebang_argument.sh
+
+# Test case
+testing "shebang with leading whitespace and argument" \
+       "uudecode; sh -c './shebang_leading_space_argument.sh'; echo \$?" \
+       "Hello world
+0
+" \
+"" "\
+begin-base64 755 shebang_leading_space_argument.sh
+IyEvYmluL3NoICAtCmVjaG8gIkhlbGxvIHdvcmxkIgo=
+====
+"
+rm -f shebang_leading_space_argument.sh
+
+# Test case
+testing "shebang with argument and trailing whitespace" \
+        "uudecode; sh -c './shebang_argument_trailing_space.sh'; echo \$?" \
+        "Hello world
+0
+" \
+"" "\
+begin-base64 755 shebang_argument_trailing_space.sh
+IyEvYmluL3NoIC0gCmVjaG8gIkhlbGxvIHdvcmxkIgo=
+====
+"
+rm -f shebang_argument_trailing_space.sh
+
+# Test case
+testing "shebang with leading whitespace, argument and trailing whitespace" \
+       "uudecode; sh -c './shebang_leading_argument_trailing_space.sh'; echo \$?" \
+       "Hello world
+0
+" \
+"" "\
+begin-base64 755 shebang_leading_argument_trailing_space.sh
+IyEvYmluL3NoICAtIAplY2hvICJIZWxsbyB3b3JsZCIK
+====
+"
+rm -f shebang_leading_argument_trailing_space.sh
diff --git a/util-linux/more.c b/util-linux/more.c
index eea69da06..a9ea76ab4 100644
--- a/util-linux/more.c
+++ b/util-linux/more.c
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
 //usage:#define more_example_usage
 //usage:       "$ dmesg | more\n"
 
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+#include <conio.h>
+#endif
 #include "libbb.h"
 #include "common_bufsiz.h"
 
@@ -95,9 +98,13 @@ int more_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
          * is not a tty and turns into cat. This makes sense. */
         if (!isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
                 return bb_cat(argv);
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
         tty = fopen_for_read(CURRENT_TTY);
         if (!tty)
                 return bb_cat(argv);
+#else
+        tty = stdin;
+#endif
 
         G.tty_fileno = fileno(tty);
 
@@ -151,8 +158,12 @@ int more_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                                  * to get input from the user.
                                  */
                                 for (;;) {
+#if !ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
                                         fflush_all();
                                         input = getc(tty);
+#else
+                                        input = _getch();
+#endif
                                         input = tolower(input);
                                         /* Erase the last message */
                                         printf("\r%*s\r", len, "");
@@ -166,6 +177,10 @@ int more_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                                          * commands, else we show help msg. */
                                         if (input == ' ' || input == '\n' || input == 'r')
                                                 break;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                        if (input == '\r')
+                                                break;
+#endif
                                         len = printf("(Enter:next line Space:next page Q:quit R:show the rest)");
                                 }
                                 len = 0;
@@ -200,6 +215,10 @@ int more_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
                                  * will move us to a new line. */
                                 if (++lines >= G.terminal_height || input == '\n')
                                         please_display_more_prompt = 1;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                                if (input == '\r')
+                                        please_display_more_prompt = 1;
+#endif
                                 len = 0;
                         }
                         if (c != '\n' && wrap) {
diff --git a/util-linux/rev.c b/util-linux/rev.c
index 63b005c67..5f8e60cac 100644
--- a/util-linux/rev.c
+++ b/util-linux/rev.c
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ static void strrev(CHAR_T *s, int len)
                 len--;
                 if (len != 0 && s[len] == '\n')
                         len--;
+#if ENABLE_PLATFORM_MINGW32
+                if (len != 0 && s[len] == '\r')
+                        len--;
+#endif
         }
 
         for (i = 0; i < len; i++, len--) {
diff --git a/win32/Kbuild b/win32/Kbuild
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f486d5e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/Kbuild
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Makefile for busybox
+#
+# Licensed under the GPL v2, see the file LICENSE in this tarball.
+
+lib-y:=
+
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += dirent.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += env.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += fnmatch.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += fsync.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += inet_pton.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += ioctl.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_PRNG_ISAAC) += isaac.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += mingw.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += process.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += match_class.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += mntent.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += net.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += poll.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += popen.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += regex.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += select.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_PRNG_SHELL) += sh_random.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += statfs.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += strndup.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += strptime.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += system.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += termios.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += timegm.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += uname.o
+lib-$(CONFIG_PLATFORM_MINGW32) += winansi.o
diff --git a/win32/arpa/inet.h b/win32/arpa/inet.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/arpa/inet.h
diff --git a/win32/dirent.c b/win32/dirent.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7de19391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/dirent.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+struct DIR {
+        struct dirent dd_dir;
+        HANDLE dd_handle;     /* FindFirstFile handle */
+        int dd_stat;          /* 0-based index */
+};
+
+static inline void finddata2dirent(struct dirent *ent, WIN32_FIND_DATAA *fdata)
+{
+        /* copy file name from WIN32_FIND_DATA to dirent */
+        strcpy(ent->d_name, fdata->cFileName);
+}
+
+DIR *opendir(const char *name)
+{
+        char pattern[MAX_PATH];
+        WIN32_FIND_DATAA fdata;
+        HANDLE h;
+        int len;
+        DIR *dir;
+
+        /* check that name is not NULL */
+        if (!name) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+        /* check that the pattern won't be too long for FindFirstFileA */
+        len = strlen(name);
+        if (len + 2 >= MAX_PATH) {
+                errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+        /* copy name to temp buffer */
+        strcpy(pattern, name);
+
+        /* append optional '/' and wildcard '*' */
+        if (len && !is_dir_sep(pattern[len - 1]))
+                pattern[len++] = '/';
+        pattern[len++] = '*';
+        pattern[len] = 0;
+
+        /* open find handle */
+        h = FindFirstFileA(pattern, &fdata);
+        if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                DWORD err = GetLastError();
+                errno = (err == ERROR_DIRECTORY) ? ENOTDIR : err_win_to_posix();
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* initialize DIR structure and copy first dir entry */
+        dir = xmalloc(sizeof(DIR));
+        dir->dd_handle = h;
+        dir->dd_stat = 0;
+        finddata2dirent(&dir->dd_dir, &fdata);
+        return dir;
+}
+
+struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir)
+{
+        if (!dir) {
+                errno = EBADF; /* No set_errno for mingw */
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* if first entry, dirent has already been set up by opendir */
+        if (dir->dd_stat) {
+                /* get next entry and convert from WIN32_FIND_DATA to dirent */
+                WIN32_FIND_DATAA fdata;
+                if (FindNextFileA(dir->dd_handle, &fdata)) {
+                        finddata2dirent(&dir->dd_dir, &fdata);
+                } else {
+                        DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
+                        /* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
+                           find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
+                        if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
+                                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        ++dir->dd_stat;
+        return &dir->dd_dir;
+}
+
+int closedir(DIR *dir)
+{
+        if (!dir) {
+                errno = EBADF;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
+        free(dir);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/win32/dirent.h b/win32/dirent.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b38d0d133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/dirent.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef DIRENT_H
+#define DIRENT_H
+
+typedef struct DIR DIR;
+
+#define DT_UNKNOWN 0
+#define DT_DIR     1
+#define DT_REG     2
+#define DT_LNK     3
+
+struct dirent {
+        char d_name[PATH_MAX];  // file name
+};
+
+DIR *opendir(const char *dirname);
+struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir);
+int closedir(DIR *dir);
+
+#endif /* DIRENT_H */
diff --git a/win32/env.c b/win32/env.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d4e9c8fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/env.c
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+#undef getenv
+#undef putenv
+
+char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
+{
+        char *result = getenv(name);
+        if (!result && !strcmp(name, "TMPDIR")) {
+                /* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
+                result = getenv("TMP");
+                if (!result)
+                        result = getenv("TEMP");
+        }
+        return result;
+}
+
+int setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int replace)
+{
+        int out;
+        char *envstr;
+
+        if (!name || !*name || strchr(name, '=') || !value) return -1;
+        if (!replace) {
+                if (getenv(name)) return 0;
+        }
+
+        envstr = xasprintf("%s=%s", name, value);
+        out = mingw_putenv(envstr);
+        free(envstr);
+
+        return out;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Removing an environment variable with WIN32 _putenv requires an argument
+ * like "NAME="; glibc omits the '='.  The implementations of unsetenv and
+ * clearenv allow for this.
+ *
+ * It isn't possible to create an environment variable with an empty value
+ * using WIN32 _putenv.
+ */
+int unsetenv(const char *name)
+{
+        char *envstr;
+        int ret;
+
+        if (!name || !*name || strchr(name, '=') ) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        envstr = xasprintf("%s=", name);
+        ret = _putenv(envstr);
+        free(envstr);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int clearenv(void)
+{
+        char *envp, *name, *s;
+
+        while ( environ && (envp=*environ) ) {
+                if ( (s=strchr(envp, '=')) != NULL ) {
+                        name = xstrndup(envp, s-envp+1);
+                        if (_putenv(name) == -1) {
+                                free(name);
+                                return -1;
+                        }
+                        free(name);
+                }
+                else {
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int mingw_putenv(const char *env)
+{
+        char *s, **envp;
+        int ret = 0;
+
+        if ( (s=strchr(env, '=')) == NULL ) {
+                return unsetenv(env);
+        }
+
+        if (s[1] != '\0') {
+                /* setting non-empty value is fine */
+                return _putenv(env);
+        }
+        else {
+                /* set empty value by setting a non-empty one then truncating */
+                char *envstr = xasprintf("%s0", env);
+                ret = _putenv(envstr);
+
+                for (envp = environ; *envp; ++envp) {
+                        if (strcmp(*envp, envstr) == 0) {
+                                (*envp)[s - env + 1] = '\0';
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+                free(envstr);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
diff --git a/win32/fnmatch.c b/win32/fnmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d8fde6a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/fnmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
+   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+   License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Library General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+   License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
+   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+#include <platform.h>
+#include "match_class.h"
+
+#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Enable GNU extensions in fnmatch.h.  */
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+# define _GNU_SOURCE    1
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#if HAVE_STRING_H || defined _LIBC
+# include <string.h>
+#else
+# include <strings.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined STDC_HEADERS || defined _LIBC
+# include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+
+/* For platform which support the ISO C amendement 1 functionality we
+   support user defined character classes.  */
+#if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+/* Solaris 2.5 has a bug: <wchar.h> must be included before <wctype.h>.  */
+# include <wchar.h>
+# include <wctype.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not
+   actually compiling the library itself.  This code is part of the GNU C
+   Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions.  Compiling
+   and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library
+   (especially if it is a shared library).  Rather than having every GNU
+   program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
+   it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
+
+#if defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
+
+
+# if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
+#  define ISASCII(c) 1
+# else
+#  define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
+# endif
+
+# ifdef isblank
+#  define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII (c) && isblank (c))
+# else
+#  define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+# endif
+# ifdef isgraph
+#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isgraph (c))
+# else
+#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c) && !isspace (c))
+# endif
+
+# define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c))
+# define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isdigit (c))
+# define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalnum (c))
+# define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalpha (c))
+# define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII (c) && iscntrl (c))
+# define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII (c) && islower (c))
+# define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII (c) && ispunct (c))
+# define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII (c) && isspace (c))
+# define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII (c) && isupper (c))
+# define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isxdigit (c))
+
+# define STREQ(s1, s2) ((strcmp (s1, s2) == 0))
+
+# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+/* The GNU C library provides support for user-defined character classes
+   and the functions from ISO C amendement 1.  */
+#  ifdef CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
+#  else
+/* This shouldn't happen but some implementation might still have this
+   problem.  Use a reasonable default value.  */
+#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH 256
+#  endif
+
+#  ifdef _LIBC
+#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) __wctype (string)
+#  else
+#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) wctype (string)
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH  7 /* Namely, `xdigit'.  */
+
+#  define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string)                                               \
+   (STREQ (string, "alpha") || STREQ (string, "upper")                        \
+    || STREQ (string, "lower") || STREQ (string, "digit")                     \
+    || STREQ (string, "alnum") || STREQ (string, "xdigit")                    \
+    || STREQ (string, "space") || STREQ (string, "print")                     \
+    || STREQ (string, "punct") || STREQ (string, "graph")                     \
+    || STREQ (string, "cntrl") || STREQ (string, "blank"))
+# endif
+
+/* Avoid depending on library functions or files
+   whose names are inconsistent.  */
+
+# if !defined _LIBC && !defined getenv
+extern char *getenv (const char *);
+# endif
+
+# ifndef errno
+extern int errno;
+# endif
+
+/* This function doesn't exist on most systems.  */
+
+# if !defined HAVE___STRCHRNUL && !defined _LIBC && 0
+static char *
+__strchrnul (const char *s, int c)
+{
+  char *result = strchr (s, c);
+  if (result == NULL)
+    result = strchr (s, '\0');
+  return result;
+}
+# else
+#  define __strchrnul strchrnul
+# endif
+
+# ifndef internal_function
+/* Inside GNU libc we mark some function in a special way.  In other
+   environments simply ignore the marking.  */
+#  define internal_function
+# endif
+
+/* Match STRING against the filename pattern PATTERN, returning zero if
+   it matches, nonzero if not.  */
+static int internal_fnmatch __P ((const char *pattern, const char *string,
+                                  int no_leading_period, int flags))
+     internal_function;
+static int
+internal_function
+internal_fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string,
+                  int no_leading_period, int flags)
+{
+  register const char *p = pattern, *n = string;
+  register unsigned char c;
+
+/* Note that this evaluates C many times.  */
+# ifdef _LIBC
+#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) ? tolower (c) : (c))
+# else
+#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER (c) ? tolower (c) : (c))
+# endif
+
+  while ((c = *p++) != '\0')
+    {
+      c = FOLD (c);
+
+      switch (c)
+        {
+        case '?':
+          if (*n == '\0')
+            return FNM_NOMATCH;
+          else if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+            return FNM_NOMATCH;
+          else if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
+                   && (n == string
+                       || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
+            return FNM_NOMATCH;
+          break;
+
+        case '\\':
+          if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
+            {
+              c = *p++;
+              if (c == '\0')
+                /* Trailing \ loses.  */
+                return FNM_NOMATCH;
+              c = FOLD (c);
+            }
+          if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) != c)
+            return FNM_NOMATCH;
+          break;
+
+        case '*':
+          if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
+              && (n == string
+                  || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
+            return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+          for (c = *p++; c == '?' || c == '*'; c = *p++)
+            {
+              if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+                /* A slash does not match a wildcard under FNM_FILE_NAME.  */
+                return FNM_NOMATCH;
+              else if (c == '?')
+                {
+                  /* A ? needs to match one character.  */
+                  if (*n == '\0')
+                    /* There isn't another character; no match.  */
+                    return FNM_NOMATCH;
+                  else
+                    /* One character of the string is consumed in matching
+                       this ? wildcard, so *??? won't match if there are
+                       less than three characters.  */
+                    ++n;
+                }
+            }
+
+          if (c == '\0')
+            /* The wildcard(s) is/are the last element of the pattern.
+               If the name is a file name and contains another slash
+               this does mean it cannot match.  */
+            return ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) && strchr (n, '/') != NULL
+                    ? FNM_NOMATCH : 0);
+          else
+            {
+              const char *endp;
+
+              endp = __strchrnul (n, (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) ? '/' : '\0');
+
+              if (c == '[')
+                {
+                  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
+                                ? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
+
+                  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
+                    if (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
+                                          (no_leading_period
+                                           && (n == string
+                                               || (n[-1] == '/'
+                                                   && (flags
+                                                       & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
+                                          flags2)
+                        == 0)
+                      return 0;
+                }
+              else if (c == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+                {
+                  while (*n != '\0' && *n != '/')
+                    ++n;
+                  if (*n == '/'
+                      && (internal_fnmatch (p, n + 1, flags & FNM_PERIOD,
+                                            flags) == 0))
+                    return 0;
+                }
+              else
+                {
+                  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
+                                ? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
+
+                  if (c == '\\' && !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
+                    c = *p;
+                  c = FOLD (c);
+                  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
+                    if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) == c
+                        && (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
+                                              (no_leading_period
+                                               && (n == string
+                                                   || (n[-1] == '/'
+                                                       && (flags
+                                                           & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
+                                              flags2) == 0))
+                      return 0;
+                }
+            }
+
+          /* If we come here no match is possible with the wildcard.  */
+          return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+        case '[':
+          {
+            /* Nonzero if the sense of the character class is inverted.  */
+            static int posixly_correct;
+            register int not;
+            char cold;
+
+            if (posixly_correct == 0)
+              posixly_correct = getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL ? 1 : -1;
+
+            if (*n == '\0')
+              return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+            if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period && (n == string
+                                                   || (n[-1] == '/'
+                                                       && (flags
+                                                           & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
+              return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+            if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
+              /* `/' cannot be matched.  */
+              return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+            not = (*p == '!' || (posixly_correct < 0 && *p == '^'));
+            if (not)
+              ++p;
+
+            c = *p++;
+            for (;;)
+              {
+                unsigned char fn = FOLD ((unsigned char) *n);
+
+                if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
+                  {
+                    if (*p == '\0')
+                      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+                    c = FOLD ((unsigned char) *p);
+                    ++p;
+
+                    if (c == fn)
+                      goto matched;
+                  }
+                else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
+                  {
+                    /* Leave room for the null.  */
+                    char str[CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
+                    size_t c1 = 0;
+# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+                    wctype_t wt;
+# endif
+                    const char *startp = p;
+
+                    for (;;)
+                      {
+                        if (c1 == CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH)
+                          /* The name is too long and therefore the pattern
+                             is ill-formed.  */
+                          return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+                        c = *++p;
+                        if (c == ':' && p[1] == ']')
+                          {
+                            p += 2;
+                            break;
+                          }
+                        if (c < 'a' || c >= 'z')
+                          {
+                            /* This cannot possibly be a character class name.
+                               Match it as a normal range.  */
+                            p = startp;
+                            c = '[';
+                            goto normal_bracket;
+                          }
+                        str[c1++] = c;
+                      }
+                    str[c1] = '\0';
+
+# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
+                    wt = IS_CHAR_CLASS (str);
+                    if (wt == 0)
+                      /* Invalid character class name.  */
+                      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+                    if (__iswctype (__btowc ((unsigned char) *n), wt))
+                      goto matched;
+# else
+                        switch (match_class(str)) {
+                    case CCLASS_ALNUM:
+                                if (ISALNUM ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_ALPHA:
+                                if (ISALPHA ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_BLANK:
+                                if (ISBLANK ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_CNTRL:
+                                if (ISCNTRL ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_DIGIT:
+                                if (ISDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_GRAPH:
+                                if (ISGRAPH ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_LOWER:
+                                if (ISLOWER ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_PRINT:
+                                if (ISPRINT ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_PUNCT:
+                                if (ISPUNCT ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_SPACE:
+                                if (ISSPACE ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_UPPER:
+                                if (ISUPPER ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        case CCLASS_XDIGIT:
+                                if (ISXDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n))
+                                        goto matched;
+                                break;
+                        }
+# endif
+                  }
+                else if (c == '\0')
+                  /* [ (unterminated) loses.  */
+                  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+                else
+                  {
+                  normal_bracket:
+                    if (FOLD (c) == fn)
+                      goto matched;
+
+                    cold = c;
+                    c = *p++;
+
+                    if (c == '-' && *p != ']')
+                      {
+                        /* It is a range.  */
+                        unsigned char cend = *p++;
+                        if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && cend == '\\')
+                          cend = *p++;
+                        if (cend == '\0')
+                          return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+                        if (cold <= fn && fn <= FOLD (cend))
+                          goto matched;
+
+                        c = *p++;
+                      }
+                  }
+
+                if (c == ']')
+                  break;
+              }
+
+            if (!not)
+              return FNM_NOMATCH;
+            break;
+
+          matched:
+            /* Skip the rest of the [...] that already matched.  */
+            while (c != ']')
+              {
+                if (c == '\0')
+                  /* [... (unterminated) loses.  */
+                  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+                c = *p++;
+                if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
+                  {
+                    if (*p == '\0')
+                      return FNM_NOMATCH;
+                    /* XXX 1003.2d11 is unclear if this is right.  */
+                    ++p;
+                  }
+                else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
+                  {
+                    do
+                      if (*++p == '\0')
+                        return FNM_NOMATCH;
+                    while (*p != ':' || p[1] == ']');
+                    p += 2;
+                    c = *p;
+                  }
+              }
+            if (not)
+              return FNM_NOMATCH;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          if (c != FOLD ((unsigned char) *n))
+            return FNM_NOMATCH;
+        }
+
+      ++n;
+    }
+
+  if (*n == '\0')
+    return 0;
+
+  if ((flags & FNM_LEADING_DIR) && *n == '/')
+    /* The FNM_LEADING_DIR flag says that "foo*" matches "foobar/frobozz".  */
+    return 0;
+
+  return FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+# undef FOLD
+}
+
+
+int
+fnmatch (const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
+{
+  return internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, flags & FNM_PERIOD, flags);
+}
+
+#endif  /* _LIBC or not __GNU_LIBRARY__.  */
diff --git a/win32/fnmatch.h b/win32/fnmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc3ec3794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/fnmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
+   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
+   License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Library General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
+   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+#ifndef _FNMATCH_H
+#define _FNMATCH_H      1
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#if defined __cplusplus || (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined WINDOWS32
+# if !defined __GLIBC__ || !defined __P
+#  undef        __P
+#  define __P(protos)   protos
+# endif
+#else /* Not C++ or ANSI C.  */
+# undef __P
+# define __P(protos)    ()
+/* We can get away without defining `const' here only because in this file
+   it is used only inside the prototype for `fnmatch', which is elided in
+   non-ANSI C where `const' is problematical.  */
+#endif /* C++ or ANSI C.  */
+
+#ifndef const
+# if (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined __cplusplus
+#  define __const       const
+# else
+#  define __const
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* We #undef these before defining them because some losing systems
+   (HP-UX A.08.07 for example) define these in <unistd.h>.  */
+#undef  FNM_PATHNAME
+#undef  FNM_NOESCAPE
+#undef  FNM_PERIOD
+
+/* Bits set in the FLAGS argument to `fnmatch'.  */
+#define FNM_PATHNAME    (1 << 0) /* No wildcard can ever match `/'.  */
+#define FNM_NOESCAPE    (1 << 1) /* Backslashes don't quote special chars.  */
+#define FNM_PERIOD      (1 << 2) /* Leading `.' is matched only explicitly.  */
+
+#if !defined _POSIX_C_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE < 2 || defined _GNU_SOURCE
+# define FNM_FILE_NAME   FNM_PATHNAME   /* Preferred GNU name.  */
+# define FNM_LEADING_DIR (1 << 3)       /* Ignore `/...' after a match.  */
+# define FNM_CASEFOLD    (1 << 4)       /* Compare without regard to case.  */
+#endif
+
+/* Value returned by `fnmatch' if STRING does not match PATTERN.  */
+#define FNM_NOMATCH     1
+
+/* This value is returned if the implementation does not support
+   `fnmatch'.  Since this is not the case here it will never be
+   returned but the conformance test suites still require the symbol
+   to be defined.  */
+#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE
+# define FNM_NOSYS      (-1)
+#endif
+
+/* Match NAME against the filename pattern PATTERN,
+   returning zero if it matches, FNM_NOMATCH if not.  */
+extern int fnmatch __P ((__const char *__pattern, __const char *__name,
+                         int __flags));
+
+#ifdef  __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* fnmatch.h */
diff --git a/win32/fsync.c b/win32/fsync.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ab44d434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/fsync.c
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/* Emulate fsync on platforms that lack it, primarily Windows and
+   cross-compilers like MinGW.
+
+   This is derived from sqlite3 sources.
+   https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/os_win.c
+   https://www.sqlite.org/copyright.html
+
+   Written by Richard W.M. Jones <rjones.at.redhat.com>
+
+   Copyright (C) 2008-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* FlushFileBuffers */
+# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+# include <windows.h>
+
+# include <errno.h>
+
+/* Get _get_osfhandle.  */
+# include <io.h>
+
+int
+fsync (int fd)
+{
+  HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (fd);
+  DWORD err;
+
+  if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+      errno = EBADF;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  if (!FlushFileBuffers (h))
+    {
+      /* Translate some Windows errors into rough approximations of Unix
+       * errors.  MSDN is useless as usual - in this case it doesn't
+       * document the full range of errors.
+       */
+      err = GetLastError ();
+      switch (err)
+        {
+        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+          /* For a read-only handle, fsync should succeed, even though we have
+             no way to sync the access-time changes.  */
+          return 0;
+
+          /* eg. Trying to fsync a tty. */
+        case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE:
+          errno = EINVAL;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          errno = EIO;
+        }
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/win32/grp.h b/win32/grp.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/grp.h
diff --git a/win32/inet_pton.c b/win32/inet_pton.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f229a9355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/inet_pton.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+        inet_pton from musl (https://www.musl-libc.org/).
+
+        MIT licensed:
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+Copyright © 2005-2020 Rich Felker, et al.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+static int hexval(unsigned c)
+{
+        if (c-'0'<10) return c-'0';
+        c |= 32;
+        if (c-'a'<6) return c-'a'+10;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+int inet_pton(int af, const char *restrict s, void *restrict a0)
+{
+        uint16_t ip[8];
+        unsigned char *a = a0;
+        int i, j, v, d, brk=-1, need_v4=0;
+
+        if (af==AF_INET) {
+                for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
+                        for (v=j=0; j<3 && isdigit(s[j]); j++)
+                                v = 10*v + s[j]-'0';
+                        if (j==0 || (j>1 && s[0]=='0') || v>255) return 0;
+                        a[i] = v;
+                        if (s[j]==0 && i==3) return 1;
+                        if (s[j]!='.') return 0;
+                        s += j+1;
+                }
+                return 0;
+        } else if (af!=AF_INET6) {
+                errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (*s==':' && *++s!=':') return 0;
+
+        for (i=0; ; i++) {
+                if (s[0]==':' && brk<0) {
+                        brk=i;
+                        ip[i&7]=0;
+                        if (!*++s) break;
+                        if (i==7) return 0;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                for (v=j=0; j<4 && (d=hexval(s[j]))>=0; j++)
+                        v=16*v+d;
+                if (j==0) return 0;
+                ip[i&7] = v;
+                if (!s[j] && (brk>=0 || i==7)) break;
+                if (i==7) return 0;
+                if (s[j]!=':') {
+                        if (s[j]!='.' || (i<6 && brk<0)) return 0;
+                        need_v4=1;
+                        i++;
+                        break;
+                }
+                s += j+1;
+        }
+        if (brk>=0) {
+                memmove(ip+brk+7-i, ip+brk, 2*(i+1-brk));
+                for (j=0; j<7-i; j++) ip[brk+j] = 0;
+        }
+        for (j=0; j<8; j++) {
+                *a++ = ip[j]>>8;
+                *a++ = ip[j];
+        }
+        if (need_v4 && inet_pton(AF_INET, (void *)s, a-4) <= 0) return 0;
+        return 1;
+}
diff --git a/win32/ioctl.c b/win32/ioctl.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93f9f504d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/ioctl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+static int mingw_get_terminal_width_height(struct winsize *win)
+{
+        int fd;
+        HANDLE handle;
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+        win->ws_row = 0;
+        win->ws_col = 0;
+
+        for (fd=STDOUT_FILENO; fd<=STDERR_FILENO; ++fd) {
+                handle = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+                if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
+                                GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(handle, &sbi) != 0) {
+                        win->ws_row = sbi.srWindow.Bottom - sbi.srWindow.Top + 1;
+                        win->ws_col = sbi.srWindow.Right - sbi.srWindow.Left + 1;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+}
+
+int ioctl(int fd UNUSED_PARAM, int code, ...)
+{
+        va_list ap;
+        void *arg;
+        int ret = -1;
+
+        va_start(ap, code);
+
+        switch (code) {
+        case TIOCGWINSZ:
+                arg = va_arg(ap, void *);
+                ret = mingw_get_terminal_width_height((struct winsize *)arg);
+                break;
+        default:
+                ret = -1;
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        va_end(ap);
+        return ret;
+}
diff --git a/win32/isaac.c b/win32/isaac.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b174b69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/isaac.c
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+readable.c: My random number generator, ISAAC.
+(c) Bob Jenkins, March 1996, Public Domain
+You may use this code in any way you wish, and it is free.  No warrantee.
+* May 2008 -- made it not depend on standard.h
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  The original version of this file was downloaded from Bob Jenkins website:
+
+     http://burtleburtle.net/bob/rand/isaacafa.html
+
+  The isaac and randinit functions have been slightly modified to silence
+  warnings in modern compilers; the get_entropy and get_random_bytes have
+  been added.
+
+  These changes were made by R M Yorston and are also dedicated to the
+  public domain.
+*/
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+        /* external results */
+        uint32_t randrsl[256];
+
+        /* internal state */
+        uint32_t mm[256];
+        uint32_t aa, bb, cc;
+} isaac_t;
+
+
+static void isaac(isaac_t *t)
+{
+   register uint32_t i,x,y;
+
+   t->cc = t->cc + 1;    /* cc just gets incremented once per 256 results */
+   t->bb = t->bb + t->cc;   /* then combined with bb */
+
+   for (i=0; i<256; ++i)
+   {
+     x = t->mm[i];
+     switch (i%4)
+     {
+     case 0: t->aa = t->aa^(t->aa<<13); break;
+     case 1: t->aa = t->aa^(t->aa>>6); break;
+     case 2: t->aa = t->aa^(t->aa<<2); break;
+     case 3: t->aa = t->aa^(t->aa>>16); break;
+     }
+     t->aa              = t->mm[(i+128)%256] + t->aa;
+     t->mm[i]      = y  = t->mm[(x>>2)%256] + t->aa + t->bb;
+     t->randrsl[i] = t->bb = t->mm[(y>>10)%256] + x;
+
+     /* Note that bits 2..9 are chosen from x but 10..17 are chosen
+        from y.  The only important thing here is that 2..9 and 10..17
+        don't overlap.  2..9 and 10..17 were then chosen for speed in
+        the optimized version (rand.c) */
+     /* See http://burtleburtle.net/bob/rand/isaac.html
+        for further explanations and analysis. */
+   }
+}
+
+
+/* if (flag!=0), then use the contents of randrsl[] to initialize mm[]. */
+#define mix(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h) \
+{ \
+   a^=b<<11; d+=a; b+=c; \
+   b^=c>>2;  e+=b; c+=d; \
+   c^=d<<8;  f+=c; d+=e; \
+   d^=e>>16; g+=d; e+=f; \
+   e^=f<<10; h+=e; f+=g; \
+   f^=g>>4;  a+=f; g+=h; \
+   g^=h<<8;  b+=g; h+=a; \
+   h^=a>>9;  c+=h; a+=b; \
+}
+
+static void randinit(isaac_t *t, int flag)
+{
+   int i;
+   uint32_t a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h;
+   t->aa = t->bb = t->cc = 0;
+   a=b=c=d=e=f=g=h=0x9e3779b9;  /* the golden ratio */
+
+   for (i=0; i<4; ++i)          /* scramble it */
+   {
+     mix(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h);
+   }
+
+   for (i=0; i<256; i+=8)   /* fill in mm[] with messy stuff */
+   {
+     if (flag)                  /* use all the information in the seed */
+     {
+       a+=t->randrsl[i  ]; b+=t->randrsl[i+1]; c+=t->randrsl[i+2];
+       d+=t->randrsl[i+3]; e+=t->randrsl[i+4]; f+=t->randrsl[i+5];
+       g+=t->randrsl[i+6]; h+=t->randrsl[i+7];
+     }
+     mix(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h);
+     t->mm[i  ]=a; t->mm[i+1]=b; t->mm[i+2]=c; t->mm[i+3]=d;
+     t->mm[i+4]=e; t->mm[i+5]=f; t->mm[i+6]=g; t->mm[i+7]=h;
+   }
+
+   if (flag)
+   {        /* do a second pass to make all of the seed affect all of mm */
+     for (i=0; i<256; i+=8)
+     {
+       a+=t->mm[i  ]; b+=t->mm[i+1]; c+=t->mm[i+2]; d+=t->mm[i+3];
+       e+=t->mm[i+4]; f+=t->mm[i+5]; g+=t->mm[i+6]; h+=t->mm[i+7];
+       mix(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h);
+       t->mm[i  ]=a; t->mm[i+1]=b; t->mm[i+2]=c; t->mm[i+3]=d;
+       t->mm[i+4]=e; t->mm[i+5]=f; t->mm[i+6]=g; t->mm[i+7]=h;
+     }
+   }
+
+   isaac(t);            /* fill in the first set of results */
+}
+
+/* call 'fn' to put data in 'dt' then copy it to generator state */
+#define GET_DATA(fn, dt) \
+        fn(&dt); \
+        u = (uint32_t *)&dt; \
+        for (j=0; j<sizeof(dt)/sizeof(uint32_t); ++j) { \
+                t->randrsl[i++ % 256] = *u++; \
+        }
+
+/*
+ * Stuff a few bytes of random-ish data into the generator state.
+ * This is unlikely to be very robust:  don't rely on it for
+ * anything that needs to be secure.
+ */
+static void get_entropy(isaac_t *t)
+{
+        int i, j;
+        FILETIME tm;
+        MEMORYSTATUS ms;
+        SYSTEM_INFO si;
+        LARGE_INTEGER pc;
+        uint32_t *u;
+        char *env, *s;
+        unsigned char *p;
+
+        i = 0;
+        t->randrsl[i++] = (uint32_t)GetProcessId(GetCurrentProcess());
+        t->randrsl[i++] = (uint32_t)GetCurrentThreadId();
+        t->randrsl[i++] = (uint32_t)GetTickCount();
+
+        GET_DATA(GetSystemTimeAsFileTime, tm)
+        GET_DATA(GlobalMemoryStatus, ms)
+        GET_DATA(GetSystemInfo, si)
+        GET_DATA(QueryPerformanceCounter, pc)
+
+        env = GetEnvironmentStringsA();
+
+        /* environment ends with two nuls */
+        p = (unsigned char *)t->randrsl;
+        i *= sizeof(uint32_t);
+        for (s=env; *s || *(s+1); ++s)
+                p[i++ % (256 * sizeof(uint32_t))] ^= *s;
+
+        FreeEnvironmentStringsA(env);
+
+#if 0
+        {
+                for (j=0; j<256; ++j) {
+                        fprintf(stderr, "%02x", p[j]);
+                        if ((j&31) == 31) {
+                                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+                        }
+                        else if ((j&3) == 3) {
+                                fprintf(stderr, " ");
+                        }
+                }
+                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+        }
+#endif
+}
+
+#define RAND_BYTES sizeof(t->randrsl)
+#define RAND_WORDS (sizeof(t->randrsl)/sizeof(t->randrsl[0]))
+
+/*
+ * Place 'count' random bytes in the buffer 'buf'.  You're responsible
+ * for ensuring the buffer is big enough.
+ */
+ssize_t get_random_bytes(void *buf, ssize_t count)
+{
+        static isaac_t *t = NULL;
+        static int rand_index = 0;
+        ssize_t save_count = count;
+        unsigned char *ptr;
+
+        if (buf == NULL || count < 0) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (!t) {
+                t = xzalloc(sizeof(isaac_t));
+
+                get_entropy(t);
+                randinit(t, 1);
+                isaac(t);
+                rand_index = 0;
+        }
+
+        ptr = (unsigned char *)t->randrsl;
+        while (count > 0) {
+                int bytes_left = RAND_BYTES - rand_index;
+                ssize_t delta = MIN(bytes_left, count);
+
+                memcpy(buf, ptr+rand_index, delta);
+                buf += delta;
+                count -= delta;
+                rand_index += delta;
+
+                if (rand_index >= RAND_BYTES) {
+                        /* generate more */
+                        isaac(t);
+                        rand_index = 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return save_count;
+}
diff --git a/win32/lazyload.h b/win32/lazyload.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..034bc7e45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/lazyload.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef LAZYLOAD_H
+#define LAZYLOAD_H
+
+/* simplify loading of DLL functions */
+
+struct proc_addr {
+        FARPROC pfunction;
+        unsigned initialized;
+};
+
+/* Declares a function to be loaded dynamically from a DLL. */
+#define DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(rettype, function, ...) \
+        static struct proc_addr proc_addr_##function = { NULL, 0 }; \
+        rettype (WINAPI *function)(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+/*
+ * Loads a function from a DLL (once-only).
+ * Returns non-NULL function pointer on success.
+ * Returns NULL and sets errno == ENOSYS on failure.
+ */
+#define INIT_PROC_ADDR(dll, function) \
+        (function = get_proc_addr(#dll, #function, &proc_addr_##function))
+
+void *get_proc_addr(const char *dll, const char *function,
+                                        struct proc_addr *proc);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/win32/match_class.c b/win32/match_class.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..789e0df02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/match_class.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include "match_class.h"
+
+int match_class(const char *name)
+{
+        return index_in_strings(CHAR_CLASSES, name);
+}
diff --git a/win32/match_class.h b/win32/match_class.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92fd1323f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/match_class.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#define CHAR_CLASSES \
+                        "alnum\0alpha\0blank\0cntrl\0digit\0graph\0" \
+                        "lower\0print\0punct\0space\0upper\0xdigit\0"
+
+enum {
+        CCLASS_ALNUM, CCLASS_ALPHA, CCLASS_BLANK, CCLASS_CNTRL,
+        CCLASS_DIGIT, CCLASS_GRAPH, CCLASS_LOWER, CCLASS_PRINT,
+        CCLASS_PUNCT, CCLASS_SPACE, CCLASS_UPPER, CCLASS_XDIGIT
+};
+
+extern int match_class(const char *name);
diff --git a/win32/mingw.c b/win32/mingw.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06da37040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/mingw.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2107 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include <userenv.h>
+#include "lazyload.h"
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+#include <aclapi.h>
+#endif
+#include <ntdef.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+
+#if defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+#if ENABLE_GLOBBING
+extern int _setargv(void);
+int _setargv(void)
+{
+        extern int _dowildcard;
+        char *glob;
+
+        _dowildcard = -1;
+        glob = getenv("BB_GLOBBING");
+        if (glob) {
+                if (strcmp(glob, "0") == 0)
+                        _dowildcard = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+                setenv("BB_GLOBBING", "0", TRUE);
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+#else
+int _dowildcard = 0;
+#endif
+
+#undef _fmode
+int _fmode = _O_BINARY;
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+#if ENABLE_GLOBBING
+int _CRT_glob = 1;
+#else
+int _CRT_glob = 0;
+#endif
+
+unsigned int _CRT_fmode = _O_BINARY;
+#endif
+
+smallint bb_got_signal;
+
+#pragma GCC optimize ("no-if-conversion")
+int err_win_to_posix(void)
+{
+        int error = ENOSYS;
+        switch(GetLastError()) {
+        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
+        case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME: error = ENOENT; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_NETPATH: error = ENOENT; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
+        case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
+        case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
+        case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
+        case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
+        case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
+        case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+        case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
+        case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
+        case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
+        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
+        case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
+        case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
+        case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
+        case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
+        case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
+        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
+        case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
+        case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
+        case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
+        case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
+        case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
+        case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
+        case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
+        case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
+        case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
+        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
+        case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
+        case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
+        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_LINKS: error = EMLINK; break;
+        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
+        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
+        case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
+        case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
+        case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
+        case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
+        case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
+        case ERROR_CANT_RESOLVE_FILENAME: error = ELOOP; break;
+        }
+        return error;
+}
+#pragma GCC reset_options
+
+#undef strerror
+char *mingw_strerror(int errnum)
+{
+        if (errnum == ELOOP)
+                return (char *)"Too many levels of symbolic links";
+        return strerror(errnum);
+}
+
+char *strsignal(int sig)
+{
+        if (sig == SIGTERM)
+                return (char *)"Terminated";
+        else if (sig == SIGKILL)
+                return (char *)"Killed";
+        return (char *)get_signame(sig);
+}
+
+static int zero_fd = -1;
+static int rand_fd = -1;
+
+/*
+ * Determine if 'filename' corresponds to one of the supported
+ * device files.  Constants for these are defined as an enum
+ * in mingw.h.
+ */
+int get_dev_type(const char *filename)
+{
+        if (filename && is_prefixed_with(filename, "/dev/"))
+                return index_in_strings("null\0zero\0urandom\0", filename+5);
+
+        return NOT_DEVICE;
+}
+
+void update_special_fd(int dev, int fd)
+{
+        if (dev == DEV_ZERO)
+                zero_fd = fd;
+        else if (dev == DEV_URANDOM)
+                rand_fd = fd;
+}
+
+#define PREFIX_LEN (sizeof(DEV_FD_PREFIX)-1)
+static int get_dev_fd(const char *filename)
+{
+        int fd;
+
+        if (filename && is_prefixed_with(filename, DEV_FD_PREFIX)) {
+                fd = bb_strtou(filename+PREFIX_LEN, NULL, 10);
+                if (errno == 0 && (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd) != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        return fd;
+        }
+        return -1;
+}
+
+#undef open
+int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
+{
+        va_list args;
+        unsigned mode;
+        int fd;
+        int special = (oflags & O_SPECIAL);
+        int dev = get_dev_type(filename);
+
+        /* /dev/null is always allowed, others only if O_SPECIAL is set */
+        if (dev == DEV_NULL || (special && dev != NOT_DEVICE)) {
+                filename = "nul";
+                oflags = O_RDWR;
+        }
+        else if ((fd=get_dev_fd(filename)) >= 0) {
+                return fd;
+        }
+
+        va_start(args, oflags);
+        mode = va_arg(args, int);
+        va_end(args);
+
+        fd = open(filename, oflags&~O_SPECIAL, mode);
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+                update_special_fd(dev, fd);
+        }
+        else if ((oflags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY && errno == EACCES) {
+                DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(filename);
+                if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+                        errno = EISDIR;
+        }
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int mingw_xopen(const char *pathname, int flags)
+{
+        int ret;
+
+        /* allow use of special devices */
+        ret = mingw_open(pathname, flags|O_SPECIAL);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't open '%s'", pathname);
+        }
+        return ret;
+}
+
+ssize_t FAST_FUNC mingw_open_read_close(const char *fn, void *buf, size_t size)
+{
+        /* allow use of special devices */
+        int fd = mingw_open(fn, O_RDONLY|O_SPECIAL);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+        return read_close(fd, buf, size);
+}
+
+#undef fopen
+FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
+{
+        int fd;
+
+        if (get_dev_type(filename) == DEV_NULL)
+                filename = "nul";
+        else if ((fd=get_dev_fd(filename)) >= 0)
+                return fdopen(fd, otype);
+        return fopen(filename, otype);
+}
+
+#undef read
+ssize_t mingw_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        if (fd == zero_fd) {
+                memset(buf, 0, count);
+                return count;
+        }
+        else if (fd == rand_fd) {
+                return get_random_bytes(buf, count);
+        }
+        return read(fd, buf, count);
+}
+
+#undef close
+int mingw_close(int fd)
+{
+        if (fd == zero_fd) {
+                zero_fd = -1;
+        }
+        if (fd == rand_fd) {
+                rand_fd = -1;
+        }
+        return close(fd);
+}
+
+#undef dup2
+int mingw_dup2 (int fd, int fdto)
+{
+        int ret = dup2(fd, fdto);
+        return ret != -1 ? fdto : -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
+ * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
+ */
+static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+        long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
+        /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
+        return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
+}
+
+static inline struct timespec filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+        struct timespec ts;
+        long long winTime = filetime_to_hnsec(ft);
+
+        ts.tv_sec = (time_t)(winTime / 10000000);
+        ts.tv_nsec = (long)(winTime % 10000000) * 100;
+
+        return ts;
+}
+
+static inline mode_t file_attr_to_st_mode(DWORD attr)
+{
+        mode_t fMode = S_IRUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH;
+        if (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+                fMode |= S_IFDIR|S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP|S_IXOTH;
+        else if (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)
+                fMode |= S_IFCHR|S_IWOTH;
+        else
+                fMode |= S_IFREG;
+        if (!(attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
+                fMode |= S_IWUSR|S_IWGRP;
+        return fMode;
+}
+
+static inline int get_file_attr(const char *fname, WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA *fdata)
+{
+        size_t len;
+
+        if (get_dev_type(fname) != NOT_DEVICE || get_dev_fd(fname) >= 0) {
+                /* Fake attributes for special devices */
+                FILETIME epoch = {0xd53e8000, 0x019db1de};      // Unix epoch as FILETIME
+                fdata->dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE;
+                fdata->ftCreationTime = fdata->ftLastAccessTime =
+                                fdata->ftLastWriteTime = epoch;
+                fdata->nFileSizeHigh = fdata->nFileSizeLow = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (GetFileAttributesExA(fname, GetFileExInfoStandard, fdata)) {
+                fdata->dwFileAttributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (GetLastError() == ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION) {
+                HANDLE hnd;
+                WIN32_FIND_DATA fd;
+
+                if ((hnd=FindFirstFile(fname, &fd)) != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                        fdata->dwFileAttributes =
+                                        fd.dwFileAttributes & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE;
+                        fdata->ftCreationTime = fd.ftCreationTime;
+                        fdata->ftLastAccessTime = fd.ftLastAccessTime;
+                        fdata->ftLastWriteTime = fd.ftLastWriteTime;
+                        fdata->nFileSizeHigh = fd.nFileSizeHigh;
+                        fdata->nFileSizeLow = fd.nFileSizeLow;
+                        FindClose(hnd);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        switch (GetLastError()) {
+        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
+        case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
+        case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
+                return EACCES;
+        case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
+                return ENAMETOOLONG;
+        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+                return ENOMEM;
+        case ERROR_INVALID_NAME:
+                len = strlen(fname);
+                if (len > 1 && (fname[len-1] == '/' || fname[len-1] == '\\'))
+                        return ENOTDIR;
+        default:
+                return ENOENT;
+        }
+}
+
+#undef umask
+mode_t mingw_umask(mode_t new_mode)
+{
+        static mode_t old_mode = DEFAULT_UMASK;
+        mode_t tmp_mode;
+
+        tmp_mode = old_mode;
+        old_mode = new_mode;
+
+        umask((new_mode & S_IWUSR) ? _S_IWRITE : 0);
+
+        return tmp_mode;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Examine a file's contents to determine if it can be executed.  This
+ * should be a last resort:  in most cases it's much more efficient to
+ * check the file extension.
+ *
+ * We look for two types of file:  shell scripts and binary executables.
+ */
+static int has_exec_format(const char *name)
+{
+        int n, sig;
+        unsigned int offset;
+        unsigned char buf[1024];
+
+        /* special case: skip DLLs, there are thousands of them! */
+        if (is_suffixed_with_case(name, ".dll"))
+                return 0;
+
+        n = open_read_close(name, buf, sizeof(buf));
+        if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
+                return 0;
+
+        /* shell script */
+        if (buf[0] == '#' && buf[1] == '!') {
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Poke about in file to see if it's a PE binary.  I've just copied
+         * the magic from the file command.
+         */
+        if (buf[0] == 'M' && buf[1] == 'Z') {
+                offset = (buf[0x19] << 8) + buf[0x18];
+                if (offset > 0x3f) {
+                        offset = (buf[0x3f] << 24) + (buf[0x3e] << 16) +
+                                                (buf[0x3d] << 8) + buf[0x3c];
+                        if (offset < sizeof(buf)-100) {
+                                if (memcmp(buf+offset, "PE\0\0", 4) == 0) {
+                                        sig = (buf[offset+25] << 8) + buf[offset+24];
+                                        if (sig == 0x10b || sig == 0x20b) {
+                                                sig = (buf[offset+23] << 8) + buf[offset+22];
+                                                if ((sig & 0x2000) != 0) {
+                                                        /* DLL */
+                                                        return 0;
+                                                }
+                                                sig = buf[offset+92];
+                                                return (sig == 1 || sig == 2 || sig == 3 || sig == 7);
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+static uid_t file_owner(HANDLE fh)
+{
+        PSID pSidOwner;
+        PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR pSD;
+        static PTOKEN_USER user = NULL;
+        static int initialised = 0;
+        uid_t uid = 0;
+        DWORD *ptr;
+        unsigned char prefix[] = {
+                        0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00,
+                        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
+                        0x15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+        };
+
+        /*  get SID of current user */
+        if (!initialised) {
+                HANDLE token;
+                DWORD ret = 0;
+
+                initialised = 1;
+                if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &token)) {
+                        GetTokenInformation(token, TokenUser, NULL, 0, &ret);
+                        if (ret <= 0 || (user=malloc(ret)) == NULL ||
+                                        !GetTokenInformation(token, TokenUser, user, ret, &ret)) {
+                                free(user);
+                                user = NULL;
+                        }
+                        CloseHandle(token);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (user == NULL)
+                return DEFAULT_UID;
+
+        /* get SID of file's owner */
+        if (GetSecurityInfo(fh, SE_FILE_OBJECT, OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
+                        &pSidOwner, NULL, NULL, NULL, &pSD) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (EqualSid(pSidOwner, user->User.Sid)) {
+                uid = DEFAULT_UID;
+        }
+        else if (memcmp(pSidOwner, prefix, sizeof(prefix)) == 0) {
+                /* for local or domain users use the RID as uid */
+                ptr = (DWORD *)pSidOwner;
+                if (ptr[6] >= 500 && ptr[6] < DEFAULT_UID)
+                        uid = (uid_t)ptr[6];
+        }
+        LocalFree(pSD);
+        return uid;
+
+#if 0
+        /* this is how it would be done properly using the API */
+        {
+                PSID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY auth;
+                unsigned char *count;
+                PDWORD subauth;
+                unsigned char nt_auth[] = {
+                                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05
+                };
+
+                if (IsValidSid(pSidOwner) ) {
+                        auth = GetSidIdentifierAuthority(pSidOwner);
+                        count = GetSidSubAuthorityCount(pSidOwner);
+                        subauth = GetSidSubAuthority(pSidOwner, 0);
+                        if (memcmp(auth, nt_auth, sizeof(nt_auth)) == 0 &&
+                                        *count == 5 && *subauth == 21) {
+                                subauth = GetSidSubAuthority(pSidOwner, 4);
+                                if (*subauth >= 500 && *subauth < DEFAULT_UID)
+                                        uid = (uid_t)*subauth;
+                        }
+                }
+                return uid;
+        }
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+static int get_symlink_data(DWORD attr, const char *pathname,
+                                        WIN32_FIND_DATAA *fbuf)
+{
+        if (attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+                HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileA(pathname, fbuf);
+                if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                        FindClose(handle);
+                        return ((fbuf->dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
+                                        fbuf->dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK);
+                }
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_symlink(const char *pathname)
+{
+        WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+        WIN32_FIND_DATAA fbuf;
+
+        if (!get_file_attr(pathname, &fdata))
+                return get_symlink_data(fdata.dwFileAttributes, pathname, &fbuf);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
+ * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
+ */
+static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct mingw_stat *buf)
+{
+        int err = EINVAL;
+        WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+        WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
+        DWORD low, high;
+        off64_t size;
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+        DWORD flags;
+        BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION hdata;
+        HANDLE fh;
+#endif
+
+        while (file_name && !(err=get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
+                buf->st_ino = 0;
+                buf->st_uid = DEFAULT_UID;
+                buf->st_gid = DEFAULT_GID;
+                buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0;
+
+                if (get_symlink_data(fdata.dwFileAttributes, file_name, &findbuf)) {
+                        char *name = auto_string(xmalloc_realpath(file_name));
+
+                        if (follow) {
+                                /* The file size and times are wrong when Windows follows
+                                 * a symlink.  Use the canonicalized path to try again. */
+                                err = errno;
+                                file_name = name;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Get the contents of a symlink, not its target. */
+                        buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK|S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO;
+                        buf->st_attr = fdata.dwFileAttributes;
+                        buf->st_size = name ? strlen(name) : 0; /* should use readlink */
+                        buf->st_atim = filetime_to_timespec(&(findbuf.ftLastAccessTime));
+                        buf->st_mtim = filetime_to_timespec(&(findbuf.ftLastWriteTime));
+                        buf->st_ctim = filetime_to_timespec(&(findbuf.ftCreationTime));
+                }
+                else {
+                        /* The file is not a symlink. */
+                        buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+                        buf->st_attr = fdata.dwFileAttributes;
+                        if (S_ISREG(buf->st_mode) &&
+                                        !(buf->st_attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE) &&
+                                        (has_exe_suffix(file_name) || has_exec_format(file_name)))
+                                buf->st_mode |= S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP|S_IXOTH;
+                        buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
+                                (((off64_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
+                        buf->st_atim = filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
+                        buf->st_mtim = filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
+                        buf->st_ctim = filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+                }
+                buf->st_nlink = S_ISDIR(buf->st_mode) ? 2 : 1;
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+                flags = FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS;
+                if (S_ISLNK(buf->st_mode))
+                        flags |= FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT;
+                fh = CreateFile(file_name, READ_CONTROL, 0, NULL,
+                                                        OPEN_EXISTING, flags, NULL);
+                if (fh != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                        if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &hdata)) {
+                                buf->st_dev = hdata.dwVolumeSerialNumber;
+                                buf->st_ino = hdata.nFileIndexLow |
+                                                (((ino_t)hdata.nFileIndexHigh)<<32);
+                                buf->st_nlink = S_ISDIR(buf->st_mode) ? 2 :
+                                                        hdata.nNumberOfLinks;
+                        }
+                        buf->st_uid = buf->st_gid = file_owner(fh);
+                        CloseHandle(fh);
+                }
+                else {
+                        buf->st_uid = 0;
+                        buf->st_gid = 0;
+                        if (!(buf->st_attr & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE))
+                                buf->st_mode &= ~(S_IROTH|S_IWOTH|S_IXOTH);
+                }
+#endif
+
+                /* Get actual size of compressed/sparse files */
+                low = GetCompressedFileSize(file_name, &high);
+                if ((low == INVALID_FILE_SIZE && GetLastError() != NO_ERROR) ||
+                                S_ISDIR(buf->st_mode)) {
+                        size = buf->st_size;
+                }
+                else {
+                        size = low | (((off64_t)high)<<32);
+                }
+
+                /*
+                 * Assume a block is 4096 bytes and calculate number of 512 byte
+                 * sectors.
+                 */
+                buf->st_blksize = 4096;
+                buf->st_blocks = ((size+4095)>>12)<<3;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        errno = err;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct mingw_stat *buf)
+{
+        return do_lstat(0, file_name, buf);
+}
+
+int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct mingw_stat *buf)
+{
+        return do_lstat(1, file_name, buf);
+}
+
+#undef st_atime
+#undef st_mtime
+#undef st_ctime
+int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct mingw_stat *buf)
+{
+        HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+        BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
+
+        if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                errno = EBADF;
+                return -1;
+        }
+        /* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
+        if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK) {
+                struct _stati64 buf64;
+
+                if ( _fstati64(fd, &buf64) != 0 )  {
+                        return -1;
+                }
+                buf->st_mode = S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH;
+                buf->st_attr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
+                buf->st_size = buf64.st_size;
+                buf->st_atim.tv_sec = buf64.st_atime;
+                buf->st_atim.tv_nsec = 0;
+                buf->st_mtim.tv_sec = buf64.st_mtime;
+                buf->st_mtim.tv_nsec = 0;
+                buf->st_ctim.tv_sec = buf64.st_ctime;
+                buf->st_ctim.tv_nsec = 0;
+                buf->st_blocks = ((buf64.st_size+4095)>>12)<<3;
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+                buf->st_dev = 0;
+                buf->st_ino = 0;
+                buf->st_nlink = S_ISDIR(buf->st_mode) ? 2 : 1;
+#endif
+                goto success;
+        }
+
+        if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
+                buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
+                buf->st_attr = fdata.dwFileAttributes;
+                buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
+                        (((off64_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
+                buf->st_atim = filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
+                buf->st_mtim = filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
+                buf->st_ctim = filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
+                buf->st_blocks = ((buf->st_size+4095)>>12)<<3;
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+                buf->st_dev = fdata.dwVolumeSerialNumber;
+                buf->st_ino = fdata.nFileIndexLow |
+                        (((uint64_t)fdata.nFileIndexHigh)<<32);
+                buf->st_nlink = S_ISDIR(buf->st_mode) ? 2 : fdata.nNumberOfLinks;
+#endif
+ success:
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_EXTRA_FILE_DATA
+                buf->st_dev = 0;
+                buf->st_ino = 0;
+                buf->st_nlink = S_ISDIR(buf->st_mode) ? 2 : 1;
+#endif
+                buf->st_rdev = 0;
+                buf->st_uid = DEFAULT_UID;
+                buf->st_gid = DEFAULT_GID;
+                buf->st_blksize = 4096;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        errno = EBADF;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+static inline void timespec_to_filetime(const struct timespec tv, FILETIME *ft)
+{
+        long long winTime = tv.tv_sec * 10000000LL + tv.tv_nsec / 100LL +
+                                                        116444736000000000LL;
+        ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
+        ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
+}
+
+static int hutimens(HANDLE fh, const struct timespec times[2])
+{
+        FILETIME now, aft, mft;
+        FILETIME *pft[2] = {&aft, &mft};
+        int i;
+
+        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&now);
+
+        if (times) {
+                for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+                        if (times[i].tv_nsec == UTIME_NOW)
+                                *pft[i] = now;
+                        else if (times[i].tv_nsec == UTIME_OMIT)
+                                pft[i] = NULL;
+                        else if (times[i].tv_nsec >= 0 && times[i].tv_nsec < 1000000000L)
+                                timespec_to_filetime(times[i], pft[i]);
+                        else {
+                                errno = EINVAL;
+                                return -1;
+                        }
+                }
+        } else {
+                aft = mft = now;
+        }
+
+        if (!SetFileTime(fh, NULL, pft[0], pft[1])) {
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int futimens(int fd, const struct timespec times[2])
+{
+        HANDLE fh;
+
+        fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+        if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                errno = EBADF;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        return hutimens(fh, times);
+}
+
+int utimensat(int fd, const char *path, const struct timespec times[2],
+                int flags)
+{
+        int rc = -1;
+        HANDLE fh;
+        DWORD cflag = FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS;
+
+        if (is_relative_path(path) && fd != AT_FDCWD) {
+                errno = ENOSYS; // partial implementation
+                return rc;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
+                cflag |= FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT;
+
+        fh = CreateFile(path, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+                                        cflag, NULL);
+        if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                return rc;
+        }
+
+        rc = hutimens(fh, times);
+        CloseHandle(fh);
+        return rc;
+}
+
+int utimes(const char *file_name, const struct timeval tv[2])
+{
+        struct timespec ts[2];
+
+        if (tv) {
+                if (tv[0].tv_usec < 0 || tv[0].tv_usec >= 1000000 ||
+                                tv[1].tv_usec < 0 || tv[1].tv_usec >= 1000000) {
+                        errno = EINVAL;
+                        return -1;
+                }
+                ts[0].tv_sec = tv[0].tv_sec;
+                ts[0].tv_nsec = tv[0].tv_usec * 1000;
+                ts[1].tv_sec = tv[1].tv_sec;
+                ts[1].tv_nsec = tv[1].tv_usec * 1000;
+        }
+        return utimensat(AT_FDCWD, file_name, tv ? ts : NULL, 0);
+}
+
+unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
+{
+        Sleep(seconds*1000);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int nanosleep(const struct timespec *req, struct timespec *rem)
+{
+        if (req->tv_nsec < 0 || 1000000000 <= req->tv_nsec) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        Sleep(req->tv_sec*1000 + req->tv_nsec/1000000);
+
+        /* Sleep is not interruptible.  So there is no remaining delay.  */
+        if (rem != NULL) {
+                rem->tv_sec = 0;
+                rem->tv_nsec = 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Windows' mktemp returns NULL on error whereas POSIX always returns the
+ * template and signals an error by making it an empty string.
+ */
+#undef mktemp
+char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
+{
+        if ( mktemp(template) == NULL ) {
+                template[0] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        return template;
+}
+
+int mkstemp(char *template)
+{
+        char *filename = mktemp(template);
+        if (filename == NULL)
+                return -1;
+        return open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
+}
+
+int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz UNUSED_PARAM)
+{
+        FILETIME ft;
+        long long hnsec;
+
+        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+        hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
+        tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
+        tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int pipe(int filedes[2])
+{
+        if (_pipe(filedes, PIPE_BUF, 0) < 0)
+                return -1;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
+{
+        /* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
+        memcpy(result, gmtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
+        return result;
+}
+
+struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
+{
+        /* localtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
+        memcpy(result, localtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
+        return result;
+}
+
+#undef getcwd
+char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
+{
+        char *ret = getcwd(pointer, len);
+        if (!ret)
+                return ret;
+        return bs_to_slash(ret);
+}
+
+#undef rename
+int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
+{
+        DWORD attrs;
+
+        /*
+         * For non-symlinks, try native rename() first to get errno right.
+         * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
+         */
+        if (!is_symlink(pold)) {
+                if (!rename(pold, pnew))
+                        return 0;
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return -1;
+        }
+        if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew,
+                                MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING | MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED))
+                return 0;
+        /* TODO: translate more errors */
+        if (GetLastError() == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
+            (attrs = GetFileAttributes(pnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+                if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+                        errno = EISDIR;
+                        return -1;
+                }
+                if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
+                    SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+                        if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+                                return 0;
+                        /* revert file attributes on failure */
+                        SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs);
+                }
+        }
+        errno = EACCES;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+static char *gethomedir(void)
+{
+        static char *buf = NULL;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, GetUserProfileDirectoryA, HANDLE, LPSTR, LPDWORD);
+
+        if (!buf) {
+                DWORD len = PATH_MAX;
+                HANDLE h;
+
+                buf = xzalloc(len);
+                if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &h)) {
+                        if (INIT_PROC_ADDR(userenv.dll, GetUserProfileDirectoryA)) {
+                                GetUserProfileDirectoryA(h, buf, &len);
+                                bs_to_slash(buf);
+                        }
+                        CloseHandle(h);
+                }
+        }
+        return buf;
+}
+
+static char *getsysdir(void)
+{
+        static char *buf = NULL;
+        char dir[PATH_MAX];
+
+        if (!buf) {
+                buf = xzalloc(PATH_MAX);
+                GetSystemDirectory(dir, PATH_MAX);
+                realpath(dir, buf);
+        }
+        return buf;
+}
+
+#define NAME_LEN 100
+static char *get_user_name(void)
+{
+        static char *user_name = NULL;
+        char *s;
+        DWORD len = NAME_LEN;
+
+        if ( user_name == NULL ) {
+                user_name = xzalloc(NAME_LEN);
+        }
+
+        if ( user_name[0] != '\0' ) {
+                return user_name;
+        }
+
+        if ( !GetUserName(user_name, &len) ) {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        for ( s=user_name; *s; ++s ) {
+                if ( *s == ' ' ) {
+                        *s = '_';
+                }
+        }
+
+        return user_name;
+}
+
+int getuid(void)
+{
+        int ret = DEFAULT_UID;
+        HANDLE h;
+
+        if (OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &h)) {
+                TOKEN_ELEVATION elevation;
+                DWORD size = sizeof(TOKEN_ELEVATION);
+
+                if (GetTokenInformation(h, TokenElevation, &elevation,
+                                        sizeof(elevation), &size)) {
+                        if (elevation.TokenIsElevated)
+                                ret = 0;
+                }
+                CloseHandle(h);
+        }
+        return ret;
+}
+
+struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name)
+{
+        const char *myname;
+
+        if ( (myname=get_user_name()) != NULL &&
+                        strcmp(myname, name) == 0 ) {
+                return getpwuid(DEFAULT_UID);
+        }
+        else if (strcmp(name, "root") == 0) {
+                return getpwuid(0);
+        }
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid)
+{
+        static struct passwd p;
+
+        if (uid == 0) {
+                p.pw_name = (char *)"root";
+                p.pw_dir = getsysdir();
+        }
+        else if (uid == DEFAULT_UID && (p.pw_name=get_user_name()) != NULL) {
+                p.pw_dir = gethomedir();
+        }
+        else {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        p.pw_passwd = (char *)"";
+        p.pw_gecos = p.pw_name;
+        p.pw_shell = NULL;
+        p.pw_uid = uid;
+        p.pw_gid = uid;
+
+        return &p;
+}
+
+struct group *getgrgid(gid_t gid)
+{
+        static char *members[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+        static struct group g;
+
+        if (gid == 0) {
+                g.gr_name = (char *)"root";
+        }
+        else if (gid != DEFAULT_GID || (g.gr_name=get_user_name()) == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+        g.gr_passwd = (char *)"";
+        g.gr_gid = gid;
+        members[0] = g.gr_name;
+        g.gr_mem = members;
+
+        return &g;
+}
+
+int getgrouplist(const char *user UNUSED_PARAM, gid_t group,
+                                        gid_t *groups, int *ngroups)
+{
+        if ( *ngroups == 0 ) {
+                *ngroups = 1;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        *ngroups = 1;
+        groups[0] = group;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int getgroups(int n, gid_t *groups)
+{
+        if ( n == 0 ) {
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        groups[0] = getgid();
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int getlogin_r(char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+        char *name;
+
+        if ( (name=get_user_name()) == NULL ) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if ( strlen(name) >= len ) {
+                errno = ERANGE;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        strcpy(buf, name);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+long sysconf(int name)
+{
+        if ( name == _SC_CLK_TCK ) {
+                return TICKS_PER_SECOND;
+        }
+        errno = EINVAL;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+clock_t times(struct tms *buf)
+{
+        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, CreateHardLinkA, LPCSTR, LPCSTR,
+                                                LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
+
+        if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, CreateHardLinkA)) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+        if (!CreateHardLinkA(newpath, oldpath, NULL)) {
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_DIRECTORY
+# define SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_DIRECTORY (0x1)
+#endif
+#ifndef SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE
+# define SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE (0x2)
+#endif
+
+int symlink(const char *target, const char *linkpath)
+{
+        DWORD flag = SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE;
+        struct stat st;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOLEAN, CreateSymbolicLinkA, LPCSTR, LPCSTR, DWORD);
+        char *targ, *relative = NULL;
+
+        if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, CreateSymbolicLinkA)) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (is_relative_path(target) && has_path(linkpath)) {
+                /* make target's path relative to current directory */
+                const char *name = bb_get_last_path_component_nostrip(linkpath);
+                relative = xasprintf("%.*s%s",
+                                                (int)(name - linkpath), linkpath, target);
+        }
+
+        if (stat(relative ?: target, &st) != -1 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+                flag |= SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_DIRECTORY;
+        free(relative);
+
+        targ = auto_string(strdup(target));
+        slash_to_bs(targ);
+
+ retry:
+        if (!CreateSymbolicLinkA(linkpath, targ, flag)) {
+                /* Old Windows versions see 'UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE' as an invalid
+                 * parameter.  Retry without it. */
+                if ((flag & SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE) &&
+                                GetLastError() == ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) {
+                        flag &= ~SYMBOLIC_LINK_FLAG_ALLOW_UNPRIVILEGED_CREATE;
+                        goto retry;
+                }
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static char *normalize_ntpathA(char *buf)
+{
+        /* fix absolute path prefixes */
+        if (buf[0] == '\\') {
+                /* strip NT namespace prefixes */
+                if (is_prefixed_with(buf, "\\??\\") ||
+                                is_prefixed_with(buf, "\\\\?\\"))
+                        buf += 4;
+                else if (is_prefixed_with_case(buf, "\\DosDevices\\"))
+                        buf += 12;
+                /* replace remaining '...UNC\' with '\\' */
+                if (is_prefixed_with_case(buf, "UNC\\")) {
+                        buf += 2;
+                        *buf = '\\';
+                }
+        }
+        return buf;
+}
+
+static char *resolve_symlinks(char *path)
+{
+        HANDLE h;
+        DWORD status;
+        char *ptr = NULL;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(DWORD, GetFinalPathNameByHandleA, HANDLE,
+                                                LPSTR, DWORD, DWORD);
+        char *resolve = NULL;
+
+        if (GetFileAttributesA(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+                resolve = xmalloc_follow_symlinks(path);
+                if (!resolve)
+                        return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* need a file handle to resolve symlinks */
+        h = CreateFileA(resolve ?: path, 0, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+                                FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
+        if (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, GetFinalPathNameByHandleA)) {
+                        goto end;
+                }
+
+                /* normalize the path and return it on success */
+                status = GetFinalPathNameByHandleA(h, path, MAX_PATH,
+                                                        FILE_NAME_NORMALIZED|VOLUME_NAME_DOS);
+                if (status != 0 && status < MAX_PATH) {
+                        ptr = normalize_ntpathA(path);
+                        goto end;
+                }
+        }
+
+        errno = err_win_to_posix();
+ end:
+        CloseHandle(h);
+        free(resolve);
+        return ptr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Emulate realpath in two stages:
+ *
+ * - _fullpath handles './', '../' and extra '/' characters.  The
+ *   resulting path may not refer to an actual file.
+ *
+ * - resolve_symlinks checks that the file exists (by opening it) and
+ *   resolves symlinks by calling GetFinalPathNameByHandleA.
+ */
+char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved_path)
+{
+        char buffer[MAX_PATH];
+        char *real_path, *p;
+
+        /* enforce glibc pre-2.3 behaviour */
+        if (path == NULL || resolved_path == NULL) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (_fullpath(buffer, path, MAX_PATH) &&
+                        (real_path=resolve_symlinks(buffer))) {
+                bs_to_slash(strcpy(resolved_path, real_path));
+                p = last_char_is(resolved_path, '/');
+                if (p && p > resolved_path && p[-1] != ':')
+                        *p = '\0';
+                return resolved_path;
+        }
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static wchar_t *normalize_ntpath(wchar_t *wbuf)
+{
+        int i;
+        /* fix absolute path prefixes */
+        if (wbuf[0] == '\\') {
+                /* strip NT namespace prefixes */
+                if (!wcsncmp(wbuf, L"\\??\\", 4) ||
+                    !wcsncmp(wbuf, L"\\\\?\\", 4))
+                        wbuf += 4;
+                else if (!wcsnicmp(wbuf, L"\\DosDevices\\", 12))
+                        wbuf += 12;
+                /* replace remaining '...UNC\' with '\\' */
+                if (!wcsnicmp(wbuf, L"UNC\\", 4)) {
+                        wbuf += 2;
+                        *wbuf = '\\';
+                }
+        }
+        /* convert backslashes to slashes */
+        for (i = 0; wbuf[i]; i++)
+                if (wbuf[i] == '\\')
+                        wbuf[i] = '/';
+        return wbuf;
+}
+
+#define SRPB rptr->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer
+ssize_t readlink(const char *pathname, char *buf, size_t bufsiz)
+{
+        HANDLE h;
+
+        h = CreateFile(pathname, 0, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+                                FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT|FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
+        if (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                DWORD nbytes;
+                BYTE rbuf[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
+                PREPARSE_DATA_BUFFER rptr = (PREPARSE_DATA_BUFFER)rbuf;
+                BOOL status;
+
+                status = DeviceIoControl(h, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT, NULL, 0,
+                                        rptr, sizeof(rbuf), &nbytes, NULL);
+                CloseHandle(h);
+
+                if (status && rptr->ReparseTag == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK) {
+                        size_t len = SRPB.SubstituteNameLength/sizeof(WCHAR);
+                        WCHAR *name = SRPB.PathBuffer +
+                                                        SRPB.SubstituteNameOffset/sizeof(WCHAR);
+
+                        name[len] = 0;
+                        name = normalize_ntpath(name);
+                        len = wcslen(name);
+                        if (len > bufsiz)
+                                len = bufsiz;
+                        if (WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, name, len, buf, bufsiz, 0, 0)) {
+                                return len;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        errno = err_win_to_posix();
+        return -1;
+}
+
+const char *get_busybox_exec_path(void)
+{
+        static char *path = NULL;
+
+        if (!path) {
+                path = xzalloc(PATH_MAX);
+        }
+
+        if (!*path) {
+                GetModuleFileName(NULL, path, PATH_MAX);
+                bs_to_slash(path);
+        }
+        return path;
+}
+
+#undef mkdir
+int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode UNUSED_PARAM)
+{
+        int ret;
+        struct stat st;
+        int lerrno = 0;
+
+        if ( (ret=mkdir(path)) < 0 ) {
+                lerrno = errno;
+                if ( lerrno == EACCES && stat(path, &st) == 0 ) {
+                        ret = 0;
+                        lerrno = 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        errno = lerrno;
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#undef chdir
+int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
+{
+        int ret = -1;
+        const char *realdir = dirname;
+
+        if (is_symlink(dirname)) {
+                realdir = auto_string(xmalloc_readlink(dirname));
+                if (realdir)
+                        fix_path_case((char *)realdir);
+        }
+
+        if (realdir)
+                ret = chdir(realdir);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#undef chmod
+int mingw_chmod(const char *path, int mode)
+{
+        WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+
+        if ( get_file_attr(path, &fdata) == 0 &&
+                        fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ) {
+                mode |= 0222;
+        }
+
+        return chmod(path, mode);
+}
+
+int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ...)
+{
+        va_list arg;
+        int result = -1;
+        char *fds;
+        int target, i, newfd;
+
+        va_start(arg, cmd);
+
+        switch (cmd) {
+        case F_GETFD:
+        case F_SETFD:
+        case F_GETFL:
+                /*
+                 * Our fake F_GETFL won't matter if the return value is used as
+                 *    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, ret|something);
+                 * because F_SETFL isn't supported either.
+                 */
+                result = 0;
+                break;
+        case F_DUPFD:
+                target = va_arg(arg, int);
+                fds = xzalloc(target);
+                while ((newfd = dup(fd)) < target && newfd >= 0) {
+                        fds[newfd] = 1;
+                }
+                for (i = 0; i < target; ++i) {
+                        if (fds[i]) {
+                                close(i);
+                        }
+                }
+                free(fds);
+                result = newfd;
+                break;
+        default:
+                errno = ENOSYS;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        va_end(arg);
+        return result;
+}
+
+#undef unlink
+#undef rmdir
+int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
+{
+        int ret;
+
+        /* read-only files cannot be removed */
+        chmod(pathname, 0666);
+
+        ret = unlink(pathname);
+        if (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES) {
+                /* a symlink to a directory needs to be removed by calling rmdir */
+                /* (the *real* Windows rmdir, not mingw_rmdir) */
+                if (is_symlink(pathname)) {
+                        return rmdir(pathname);
+                }
+        }
+        return ret;
+}
+
+struct pagefile_info {
+        SIZE_T total;
+        SIZE_T in_use;
+};
+
+static BOOL CALLBACK
+pagefile_cb(LPVOID context, PENUM_PAGE_FILE_INFORMATION info,
+                                LPCSTR name UNUSED_PARAM)
+{
+        struct pagefile_info *pfinfo = (struct pagefile_info *)context;
+
+        pfinfo->total += info->TotalSize;
+        pfinfo->in_use += info->TotalInUse;
+        return TRUE;
+}
+
+int sysinfo(struct sysinfo *info)
+{
+        PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION perf;
+        struct pagefile_info pfinfo;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, GetPerformanceInfo, PPERFORMANCE_INFORMATION,
+                                                DWORD);
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, EnumPageFilesA, PENUM_PAGE_FILE_CALLBACKA, LPVOID);
+
+        memset((void *)info, 0, sizeof(struct sysinfo));
+        memset((void *)&perf, 0, sizeof(PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION));
+        memset((void *)&pfinfo, 0, sizeof(struct pagefile_info));
+        info->mem_unit = 4096;
+
+        if (INIT_PROC_ADDR(psapi.dll, GetPerformanceInfo)) {
+                perf.cb = sizeof(PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION);
+                GetPerformanceInfo(&perf, perf.cb);
+        }
+
+        if (INIT_PROC_ADDR(psapi.dll, EnumPageFilesA)) {
+                EnumPageFilesA((PENUM_PAGE_FILE_CALLBACK)pagefile_cb, (LPVOID)&pfinfo);
+        }
+
+        info->totalram = perf.PhysicalTotal * perf.PageSize / 4096;
+        info->bufferram = perf.SystemCache * perf.PageSize / 4096;
+        if (perf.PhysicalAvailable > perf.SystemCache)
+                info->freeram = perf.PhysicalAvailable * perf.PageSize / 4096 -
+                                                        info->bufferram;
+        info->totalswap = pfinfo.total * perf.PageSize / 4096;
+        info->freeswap = (pfinfo.total - pfinfo.in_use) * perf.PageSize / 4096;
+
+        info->uptime = GetTickCount64() / 1000;
+        info->procs = perf.ProcessCount;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#undef strftime
+size_t mingw_strftime(char *buf, size_t max, const char *format, const struct tm *tm)
+{
+        size_t ret;
+        char buffer[64];
+        const char *replace;
+        char *t;
+        char *fmt;
+        struct tm tm2;
+
+        /*
+         * Emulate some formats that Windows' strftime lacks.
+         * - '%e' day of the month with space padding
+         * - '%s' number of seconds since the Unix epoch
+         * - '%T' same as %H:%M:%S
+         * - '%z' timezone offset
+         * Also, permit the '-' modifier to omit padding.  Windows uses '#'.
+         */
+        fmt = xstrdup(format);
+        for ( t=fmt; *t; ++t ) {
+                if ( *t == '%' ) {
+                        replace = NULL;
+                        if ( t[1] == 'e' ) {
+                                if ( tm->tm_mday >= 0 && tm->tm_mday <= 99 ) {
+                                        sprintf(buffer, "%2d", tm->tm_mday);
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                        strcpy(buffer, "  ");
+                                }
+                                replace = buffer;
+                        }
+                        else if ( t[1] == 's' ) {
+                                tm2 = *tm;
+                                sprintf(buffer, "%d", (int)mktime(&tm2));
+                                replace = buffer;
+                        }
+                        else if ( t[1] == 'T' ) {
+                                replace = "%H:%M:%S";
+                        }
+                        else if ( t[1] == 'z' ) {
+                                _tzset();
+                                if ( tm->tm_isdst >= 0 ) {
+                                        int offset = (int)_timezone - (tm->tm_isdst > 0 ? 3600 : 0);
+                                        int hr, min;
+
+                                        if ( offset > 0 ) {
+                                                buffer[0] = '-';
+                                        }
+                                        else {
+                                                buffer[0] = '+';
+                                                offset = -offset;
+                                        }
+
+                                        hr = offset / 3600;
+                                        min = (offset % 3600) / 60;
+                                        sprintf(buffer+1, "%04d", hr*100 + min);
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                        buffer[0] = '\0';
+                                }
+                                replace = buffer;
+                        }
+                        else if ( t[1] == '-' && t[2] != '\0' &&
+                                                strchr("dHIjmMSUwWyY", t[2]) ) {
+                                /* Microsoft uses '#' rather than '-' to remove padding */
+                                t[1] = '#';
+                        }
+                        else if ( t[1] != '\0' ) {
+                                ++t;
+                        }
+
+                        if (replace) {
+                                int m;
+                                char *newfmt;
+
+                                *t = '\0';
+                                m = t - fmt;
+                                newfmt = xasprintf("%s%s%s", fmt, replace, t+2);
+                                free(fmt);
+                                t = newfmt + m + strlen(replace) - 1;
+                                fmt = newfmt;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        ret = strftime(buf, max, fmt, tm);
+        free(fmt);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#undef access
+int mingw_access(const char *name, int mode)
+{
+        int ret;
+        struct stat s;
+
+        /* Windows can only handle test for existence, read or write */
+        if (mode == F_OK || (mode & ~X_OK)) {
+                ret = _access(name, mode & ~X_OK);
+                if (ret < 0 || !(mode & X_OK)) {
+                        return ret;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!mingw_stat(name, &s)) {
+                if ((s.st_mode&S_IXUSR)) {
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                errno = EACCES;
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+}
+
+int mingw_rmdir(const char *path)
+{
+        /* On Linux rmdir(2) doesn't remove symlinks */
+        if (is_symlink(path)) {
+                errno = ENOTDIR;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        /* read-only directories cannot be removed */
+        chmod(path, 0666);
+        return rmdir(path);
+}
+
+void mingw_sync(void)
+{
+        HANDLE h;
+        FILE *mnt;
+        struct mntent *entry;
+        char name[] = "\\\\.\\C:";
+
+        mnt = setmntent(bb_path_mtab_file, "r");
+        if (mnt) {
+                while ((entry=getmntent(mnt)) != NULL) {
+                        name[4] = entry->mnt_dir[0];
+                        h = CreateFile(name, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+                                                FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL,
+                                                OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
+                        if (h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                                FlushFileBuffers(h);
+                                CloseHandle(h);
+                        }
+                }
+                endmntent(mnt);
+        }
+}
+
+#define NUMEXT 5
+static const char win_suffix[NUMEXT][4] = { "sh", "com", "exe", "bat", "cmd" };
+
+static int has_win_suffix(const char *name, int start)
+{
+        const char *dot = strrchr(bb_basename(name), '.');
+        int i;
+
+        if (dot != NULL && strlen(dot) < 5) {
+                for (i=start; i<NUMEXT; ++i) {
+                        if (!strcasecmp(dot+1, win_suffix[i])) {
+                                return 1;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int has_bat_suffix(const char *name)
+{
+        return has_win_suffix(name, 3);
+}
+
+int has_exe_suffix(const char *name)
+{
+        return has_win_suffix(name, 0);
+}
+
+int has_exe_suffix_or_dot(const char *name)
+{
+        return last_char_is(name, '.') || has_win_suffix(name, 0);
+}
+
+/* Check if path can be made into an executable by adding a suffix.
+ * The suffix is added to the end of the argument which must be
+ * long enough to allow this.
+ *
+ * If the return value is TRUE the argument contains the new path,
+ * if FALSE the argument is unchanged.
+ */
+int add_win32_extension(char *p)
+{
+        if (!has_exe_suffix_or_dot(p)) {
+                int i, len = strlen(p);
+
+                p[len] = '.';
+                for (i=0; i<NUMEXT; ++i) {
+                        strcpy(p+len+1, win_suffix[i]);
+                        if (file_is_executable(p))
+                                return TRUE;
+                }
+                p[len] = '\0';
+        }
+        return FALSE;
+}
+
+char * FAST_FUNC bs_to_slash(char *str)
+{
+        char *p;
+
+        for (p=str; *p; ++p) {
+                if ( *p == '\\' ) {
+                        *p = '/';
+                }
+        }
+        return str;
+}
+
+void FAST_FUNC slash_to_bs(char *p)
+{
+        for (; *p; ++p) {
+                if ( *p == '/' ) {
+                        *p = '\\';
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+size_t FAST_FUNC remove_cr(char *p, size_t len)
+{
+        ssize_t i, j;
+
+        for (i=j=0; i<len; ++i) {
+                if (p[i] != '\r')
+                        p[j++] = p[i];
+        }
+        return j;
+}
+
+off_t mingw_lseek(int fd, off_t offset, int whence)
+{
+        HANDLE h = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+        if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                errno = EBADF;
+                return -1;
+        }
+        if (GetFileType(h) != FILE_TYPE_DISK) {
+                errno = ESPIPE;
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return _lseeki64(fd, offset, whence);
+}
+
+#undef GetTickCount64
+ULONGLONG CompatGetTickCount64(void)
+{
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(ULONGLONG, GetTickCount64, void);
+
+        if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, GetTickCount64)) {
+                return (ULONGLONG)GetTickCount();
+        }
+
+        return GetTickCount64();
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_INSTALLER
+/*
+ * Enumerate the names of all hard links to a file.  The first call
+ * provides the file name as the first argument; subsequent calls must
+ * set the first argument to NULL.  Returns 0 on error or when there are
+ * no more links.
+ */
+int enumerate_links(const char *file, char *name)
+{
+        static HANDLE h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        char aname[PATH_MAX];
+        wchar_t wname[PATH_MAX];
+        DWORD length = PATH_MAX;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(HANDLE, FindFirstFileNameW, LPCWSTR, DWORD, LPDWORD,
+                                                PWSTR);
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, FindNextFileNameW, HANDLE, LPDWORD, PWSTR);
+
+        if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, FindFirstFileNameW) ||
+                        !INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, FindNextFileNameW))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (file != NULL) {
+                wchar_t wfile[PATH_MAX];
+                MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, file, -1, wfile, PATH_MAX);
+                h = FindFirstFileNameW(wfile, 0, &length, wname);
+                if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        return 0;
+        }
+        else if (!FindNextFileNameW(h, &length, wname)) {
+                FindClose(h);
+                h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+                return 0;
+        }
+        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wname, -1, aname, PATH_MAX, NULL, NULL);
+        realpath(aname, name);
+        return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_ASH_NOCONSOLE
+void hide_console(void)
+{
+        DWORD dummy;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(DWORD, GetConsoleProcessList, LPDWORD, DWORD);
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, ShowWindow, HWND, int);
+
+        if (INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32.dll, GetConsoleProcessList) &&
+                        INIT_PROC_ADDR(user32.dll, ShowWindow)) {
+                if (GetConsoleProcessList(&dummy, 1) == 1) {
+                        ShowWindow(GetConsoleWindow(), SW_HIDE);
+                }
+        }
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Return the length of the root of a UNC path, i.e. the '//host/share'
+ * component, or 0 if the path doesn't look like that. */
+int unc_root_len(const char *dir)
+{
+        const char *s = dir + 2;
+        int len;
+
+        if (!is_unc_path(dir))
+                return 0;
+        len = strcspn(s, "/\\");
+        if (len == 0)
+                return 0;
+        s += len + 1;
+        len = strcspn(s, "/\\");
+        if (len == 0)
+                return 0;
+        s += len;
+
+        return s - dir;
+}
+
+/* Return the length of the root of a path, i.e. either the drive or
+ * UNC '//host/share', or 0 if the path doesn't look like that. */
+int root_len(const char *path)
+{
+        if (path == NULL)
+                return 0;
+        if (isalpha(*path) && path[1] == ':')
+                return 2;
+        return unc_root_len(path);
+}
+
+const char *get_system_drive(void)
+{
+        static char *drive = NULL;
+        int len;
+
+        if (drive == NULL) {
+                const char *sysdir = getsysdir();
+                if ((len=root_len(sysdir))) {
+                        drive = xstrndup(sysdir, len);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return getenv("BB_SYSTEMROOT") ?: drive;
+}
+
+/* Return pointer to system drive if path is of form '/file', else NULL */
+const char *need_system_drive(const char *path)
+{
+        if (root_len(path) == 0 && (path[0] == '/' || path[0] == '\\'))
+                return get_system_drive();
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Allocate a string long enough to allow a system drive prefix and
+ * file extension to be added to path.  Add the prefix if necessary. */
+char *alloc_system_drive(const char *path)
+{
+        const char *sd = need_system_drive(path);
+        char *s = xmalloc(strlen(path) + 5 + (sd ? strlen(sd) : 0));
+        strcpy(stpcpy(s, sd ?: ""), path);
+        return s;
+}
+
+int chdir_system_drive(void)
+{
+        const char *sd = get_system_drive();
+        int ret = -1;
+
+        if (sd)
+                ret = chdir(auto_string(concat_path_file(sd, "")));
+        return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function is used to make relative paths absolute before a call
+ * to chdir_system_drive().  It's unlikely to be useful in other cases.
+ *
+ * If the argument is an absolute path or a relative path which resolves
+ * to a path on the system drive return 'path'.  If it's a relative path
+ * which resolves to a path that isn't on the system drive return an
+ * allocated string containing the resolved path.  Die on failure,
+ * which is most likely because the file doesn't exist.
+ */
+char *xabsolute_path(char *path)
+{
+        char *rpath;
+        const char *sd;
+
+        if (root_len(path) != 0)
+                return path;    // absolute path
+        rpath = xmalloc_realpath(path);
+        if (rpath) {
+                sd = get_system_drive();
+                if (sd && is_prefixed_with_case(rpath, sd)) {
+                        free(rpath);
+                        return path;    // resolved path is on system drive
+                }
+                return rpath;
+        }
+        bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't open '%s'", path);
+}
+
+char *get_drive_cwd(const char *path, char *buffer, int size)
+{
+        char drive[3] = { *path, ':', '\0' };
+        DWORD ret;
+
+        ret = GetFullPathName(drive, size, buffer, NULL);
+        if (ret == 0 || ret > size)
+                return NULL;
+        return bs_to_slash(buffer);
+}
+
+void fix_path_case(char *path)
+{
+        char resolved[PATH_MAX];
+        int len;
+
+        // Canonicalise path: for physical drives this makes case match
+        // what's stored on disk.  For mapped drives, not so much.
+        if (realpath(path, resolved) && strcasecmp(path, resolved) == 0)
+                strcpy(path, resolved);
+
+        // make drive letter or UNC hostname uppercase
+        len = root_len(path);
+        if (len == 2) {
+                *path = toupper(*path);
+        }
+        else if (len != 0) {
+                for (path+=2; !is_dir_sep(*path); ++path) {
+                        *path = toupper(*path);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+void make_sparse(int fd, off_t start, off_t end)
+{
+        DWORD dwTemp;
+        HANDLE fh;
+        FILE_ZERO_DATA_INFORMATION fzdi;
+
+        if ((fh=(HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                return;
+
+        DeviceIoControl(fh, FSCTL_SET_SPARSE, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, &dwTemp, NULL);
+
+        fzdi.FileOffset.QuadPart = start;
+        fzdi.BeyondFinalZero.QuadPart = end;
+        DeviceIoControl(fh, FSCTL_SET_ZERO_DATA, &fzdi, sizeof(fzdi),
+                                         NULL, 0, &dwTemp, NULL);
+}
+
+void *get_proc_addr(const char *dll, const char *function,
+                                        struct proc_addr *proc)
+{
+        /* only do this once */
+        if (!proc->initialized) {
+                HANDLE hnd = LoadLibraryExA(dll, NULL, LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32);
+
+                /* The documentation for LoadLibraryEx says the above may fail
+                 * on Windows 7.  If it does, retry using LoadLibrary with an
+                 * explicit, backslash-separated path. */
+                if (!hnd) {
+                        char dir[PATH_MAX], *path;
+
+                        GetSystemDirectory(dir, PATH_MAX);
+                        path = concat_path_file(dir, dll);
+                        slash_to_bs(path);
+                        hnd = LoadLibrary(path);
+                        free(path);
+                }
+
+                if (hnd)
+                        proc->pfunction = GetProcAddress(hnd, function);
+                proc->initialized = 1;
+        }
+        /* set ENOSYS if DLL or function was not found */
+        if (!proc->pfunction)
+                errno = ENOSYS;
+        return proc->pfunction;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE || ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS
+int unix_path(const char *path)
+{
+        int i;
+        char *p = xstrdup(path);
+
+#define UNIX_PATHS "/bin\0/usr/bin\0/sbin\0/usr/sbin\0"
+        i = index_in_strings(UNIX_PATHS, dirname(p));
+        free(p);
+        return i >= 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Return true if file is referenced using a path.  This means a path
+ * look-up isn't required. */
+int has_path(const char *file)
+{
+        return strchr(file, '/') || strchr(file, '\\') ||
+                                has_dos_drive_prefix(file);
+}
+
+/* Test whether a path is relative to a known location (usually the
+ * current working directory or a symlink).  On Unix this is a path
+ * that doesn't start with a slash but on Windows we also need to
+ * exclude paths that start with a backslash or a drive letter. */
+int is_relative_path(const char *path)
+{
+        return !is_dir_sep(path[0]) && !has_dos_drive_prefix(path);
+}
diff --git a/win32/mntent.c b/win32/mntent.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f142b485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/mntent.c
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * A simple WIN32 implementation of mntent routines.  It only handles
+ * logical drives.
+ */
+#define MNTENT_PRIVATE
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+struct mntstate {
+        DWORD drives;
+        int index;
+};
+
+int fill_mntdata(struct mntdata *data, int index)
+{
+        UINT drive_type;
+        char buf[PATH_MAX];
+
+        // initialise pointers and scalar data
+        data->me.mnt_fsname = data->mnt_fsname;
+        data->me.mnt_dir = data->mnt_dir;
+        data->me.mnt_type = data->mnt_type;
+        data->me.mnt_opts = data->mnt_opts;
+        data->me.mnt_freq = 0;
+        data->me.mnt_passno = 0;
+
+        // initialise strings
+        data->mnt_fsname[0] = 'A' + index;
+        data->mnt_fsname[1] = ':';
+        data->mnt_fsname[2] = '\0';
+        data->mnt_dir[0] = 'A' + index;
+        data->mnt_dir[1] = ':';
+        data->mnt_dir[2] = '/';
+        data->mnt_dir[3] = '\0';
+        data->mnt_type[0] = '\0';
+        data->mnt_opts[0] = '\0';
+
+        drive_type = GetDriveType(data->mnt_dir);
+        if (drive_type == DRIVE_FIXED || drive_type == DRIVE_CDROM ||
+                        drive_type == DRIVE_REMOVABLE || drive_type == DRIVE_REMOTE) {
+                if (!GetVolumeInformation(data->mnt_dir, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL,
+                                                NULL, data->mnt_type, 100)) {
+                        return FALSE;
+                }
+
+                if (realpath(data->mnt_dir, buf) != NULL) {
+                        if (isalpha(buf[0]) && strcmp(buf+1, ":/") == 0)
+                                buf[2] = '\0';
+                        strcpy(data->mnt_fsname, buf);
+                }
+                return TRUE;
+        }
+        return FALSE;
+}
+
+FILE *mingw_setmntent(void)
+{
+        struct mntstate *state;
+
+        if ( (state=malloc(sizeof(struct mntstate))) == NULL ) {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        state->drives = GetLogicalDrives();
+        state->index = -1;
+
+        return (FILE *)state;
+}
+
+struct mntent *getmntent(FILE *stream)
+{
+        struct mntstate *state = (struct mntstate *)stream;
+        static struct mntdata *data = NULL;
+        struct mntent *entry = NULL;
+
+        while (++state->index < 26) {
+                if ((state->drives & 1 << state->index) != 0) {
+                        if (data == NULL)
+                                data = xmalloc(sizeof(*data));
+
+                        if (fill_mntdata(data, state->index)) {
+                                entry = &data->me;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return entry;
+}
+
+int endmntent(FILE *stream)
+{
+        free(stream);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/win32/mntent.h b/win32/mntent.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..029f18b96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/mntent.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef MNTENT_H
+#define MNTENT_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+struct mntent {
+        char *mnt_fsname;   /* Device or server for filesystem.  */
+        char *mnt_dir;      /* Directory mounted on.  */
+        char *mnt_type;     /* Type of filesystem: ufs, nfs, etc.  */
+        char *mnt_opts;     /* Comma-separated options for fs.  */
+        int mnt_freq;       /* Dump frequency (in days).  */
+        int mnt_passno;     /* Pass number for `fsck'.  */
+};
+
+extern FILE *mingw_setmntent(void);
+extern struct mntent *getmntent(FILE *stream);
+extern int endmntent(FILE *stream);
+
+# if defined(MNTENT_PRIVATE)
+struct mntdata {
+        struct mntent me;
+        char mnt_fsname[PATH_MAX];
+        char mnt_dir[4];
+        char mnt_type[100];
+        char mnt_opts[4];
+};
+
+extern int fill_mntdata(struct mntdata *data, int index);
+# endif
+
+#define setmntent(f, m) mingw_setmntent()
+
+#endif
diff --git a/win32/net.c b/win32/net.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33dc837fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/net.c
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
+{
+        unsigned long val = inet_addr(cp);
+
+        if (val == INADDR_NONE)
+                return 0;
+        inp->S_un.S_addr = val;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+void init_winsock(void)
+{
+        WSADATA wsa;
+        static int initialized = 0;
+
+        if (initialized)
+                return;
+
+        if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
+                bb_error_msg_and_die("WSAStartup failed, error %d", WSAGetLastError());
+
+        atexit((void(*)(void)) WSACleanup);
+        initialized = 1;
+}
+
+#undef gethostname
+int mingw_gethostname(char *name, int namelen)
+{
+        init_winsock();
+        return gethostname(name, namelen);
+}
+
+#undef gethostbyaddr
+struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyaddr(const void *addr, socklen_t len, int type)
+{
+        init_winsock();
+        return gethostbyaddr(addr, len, type);
+}
+
+#undef getaddrinfo
+int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
+                                const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
+{
+        init_winsock();
+        return getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
+}
+
+int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
+{
+        int sockfd;
+        SOCKET s;
+
+        init_winsock();
+        s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
+        if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+                /*
+                 * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
+                 * biased by WSABASEERR.
+                 * However, strerror() does not know about networking
+                 * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
+                 * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
+                 * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
+                 * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
+                 */
+                errno = WSAGetLastError();
+                return -1;
+        }
+        /* convert into a file descriptor */
+        if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+                closesocket(s);
+                bb_error_msg("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
+                             strerror(errno));
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return sockfd;
+}
+
+#undef connect
+int mingw_connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
+{
+        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+        return connect(s, sa, sz);
+}
+
+#undef bind
+int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
+{
+        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+        return bind(s, sa, sz);
+}
+
+#undef setsockopt
+int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
+{
+        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+        return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
+}
+
+#undef shutdown
+int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
+{
+        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+        return shutdown(s, how);
+}
+
+#undef listen
+int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
+{
+        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
+        return listen(s, backlog);
+}
+
+#undef accept
+int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
+{
+        int sockfd2;
+
+        SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
+        SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
+
+        /* convert into a file descriptor */
+        if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+                int err = errno;
+                closesocket(s2);
+                bb_error_msg("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
+                        strerror(err));
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return sockfd2;
+}
+
+#undef getpeername
+int mingw_getpeername(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
+{
+        SOCKET sock;
+
+        init_winsock();
+        sock = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(fd);
+        if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+                errno = EBADF;
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return getpeername(sock, sa, sz);
+}
diff --git a/win32/net/if.h b/win32/net/if.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/net/if.h
diff --git a/win32/netdb.h b/win32/netdb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/netdb.h
diff --git a/win32/netinet/in.h b/win32/netinet/in.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/netinet/in.h
diff --git a/win32/paths.h b/win32/paths.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/paths.h
diff --git a/win32/poll.c b/win32/poll.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f16d93e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/poll.c
@@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
+/* Emulation for poll(2)
+   Contributed by Paolo Bonzini.
+
+   Copyright 2001-2003, 2006-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This file is part of gnulib.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+   with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* Tell gcc not to warn about the (nfd < 0) tests, below.  */
+#if (__GNUC__ == 4 && 3 <= __GNUC_MINOR__) || 4 < __GNUC__
+# pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
+#endif
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include <malloc.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+/* Specification.  */
+#include <poll.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+# define WINDOWS_NATIVE
+# define WIN32_NATIVE
+# include <winsock2.h>
+# include <windows.h>
+# include <io.h>
+# include <stdio.h>
+# include <conio.h>
+#else
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCTL_H
+# include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FILIO_H
+# include <sys/filio.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+#ifndef INFTIM
+# define INFTIM (-1)
+#endif
+
+/* BeOS does not have MSG_PEEK.  */
+#ifndef MSG_PEEK
+# define MSG_PEEK 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef WINDOWS_NATIVE
+
+/* Here we need the recv() function from Windows, that takes a SOCKET as
+   first argument, not any possible gnulib override.  */
+# undef recv
+
+/* Here we need the select() function from Windows, because we pass bit masks
+   of SOCKETs, not bit masks of FDs.  */
+# undef select
+
+static BOOL IsConsoleHandle (HANDLE h)
+{
+  DWORD mode;
+  return GetConsoleMode (h, &mode) != 0;
+}
+
+static BOOL
+IsSocketHandle (HANDLE h)
+{
+  WSANETWORKEVENTS ev;
+
+  if (IsConsoleHandle (h))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  /* Under Wine, it seems that getsockopt returns 0 for pipes too.
+     WSAEnumNetworkEvents instead distinguishes the two correctly.  */
+  ev.lNetworkEvents = 0xDEADBEEF;
+  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
+  return ev.lNetworkEvents != 0xDEADBEEF;
+}
+
+/* Declare data structures for ntdll functions.  */
+typedef struct _FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION {
+  ULONG NamedPipeType;
+  ULONG NamedPipeConfiguration;
+  ULONG MaximumInstances;
+  ULONG CurrentInstances;
+  ULONG InboundQuota;
+  ULONG ReadDataAvailable;
+  ULONG OutboundQuota;
+  ULONG WriteQuotaAvailable;
+  ULONG NamedPipeState;
+  ULONG NamedPipeEnd;
+} FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION, *PFILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION;
+
+typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK
+{
+  union {
+    DWORD Status;
+    PVOID Pointer;
+  } u;
+  ULONG_PTR Information;
+} IO_STATUS_BLOCK, *PIO_STATUS_BLOCK;
+
+typedef enum _FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
+  FilePipeLocalInformation = 24
+} FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
+
+typedef DWORD (WINAPI *PNtQueryInformationFile)
+         (HANDLE, IO_STATUS_BLOCK *, VOID *, ULONG, FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS);
+
+# ifndef PIPE_BUF
+#  define PIPE_BUF      512
+# endif
+
+/* Compute revents values for file handle H.  If some events cannot happen
+   for the handle, eliminate them from *P_SOUGHT.  */
+
+static int
+windows_compute_revents (HANDLE h, int *p_sought)
+{
+  int i, ret, happened;
+  INPUT_RECORD *irbuffer;
+  DWORD avail, nbuffer;
+  BOOL bRet;
+  IO_STATUS_BLOCK iosb;
+  FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION fpli;
+  static PNtQueryInformationFile NtQueryInformationFile;
+  static BOOL once_only;
+
+  switch (GetFileType (h))
+    {
+    case FILE_TYPE_PIPE:
+      if (!once_only)
+        {
+          NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)
+            GetProcAddress (GetModuleHandle ("ntdll.dll"),
+                            "NtQueryInformationFile");
+          once_only = TRUE;
+        }
+
+      happened = 0;
+      if (PeekNamedPipe (h, NULL, 0, NULL, &avail, NULL) != 0)
+        {
+          if (avail)
+            happened |= *p_sought & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM);
+        }
+      else if (GetLastError () == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
+        happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      else
+        {
+          /* It was the write-end of the pipe.  Check if it is writable.
+             If NtQueryInformationFile fails, optimistically assume the pipe is
+             writable.  This could happen on Windows 9x, where
+             NtQueryInformationFile is not available, or if we inherit a pipe
+             that doesn't permit FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES access on the write end
+             (I think this should not happen since Windows XP SP2; WINE seems
+             fine too).  Otherwise, ensure that enough space is available for
+             atomic writes.  */
+          memset (&iosb, 0, sizeof (iosb));
+          memset (&fpli, 0, sizeof (fpli));
+
+          if (!NtQueryInformationFile
+              || NtQueryInformationFile (h, &iosb, &fpli, sizeof (fpli),
+                                         FilePipeLocalInformation)
+              || fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable >= PIPE_BUF
+              || (fpli.OutboundQuota < PIPE_BUF &&
+                  fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable == fpli.OutboundQuota))
+            happened |= *p_sought & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND);
+        }
+      return happened;
+
+    case FILE_TYPE_CHAR:
+      ret = WaitForSingleObject (h, 0);
+      if (!IsConsoleHandle (h))
+        return ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0 ? *p_sought & ~(POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND) : 0;
+
+      nbuffer = avail = 0;
+      bRet = GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents (h, &nbuffer);
+      if (bRet)
+        {
+          /* Input buffer.  */
+          *p_sought &= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
+          if (nbuffer == 0)
+            return POLLHUP;
+          if (!*p_sought)
+            return 0;
+
+          irbuffer = (INPUT_RECORD *) alloca (nbuffer * sizeof (INPUT_RECORD));
+          bRet = PeekConsoleInput (h, irbuffer, nbuffer, &avail);
+          if (!bRet || avail == 0)
+            return POLLHUP;
+
+          for (i = 0; i < avail; i++)
+            if (irbuffer[i].EventType == KEY_EVENT)
+              return *p_sought;
+          return 0;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* Screen buffer.  */
+          *p_sought &= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND;
+          return *p_sought;
+        }
+
+    default:
+      ret = WaitForSingleObject (h, 0);
+      if (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+        return *p_sought & ~(POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND);
+
+      return *p_sought & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Convert fd_sets returned by select into revents values.  */
+
+static int
+windows_compute_revents_socket (SOCKET h, int sought, long lNetworkEvents)
+{
+  int happened = 0;
+
+  if ((lNetworkEvents & (FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT | FD_CLOSE)) == FD_ACCEPT)
+    happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
+  else if (lNetworkEvents & (FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT | FD_CLOSE))
+    {
+      int r, error;
+
+      char data[64];
+      WSASetLastError (0);
+      r = recv (h, data, sizeof (data), MSG_PEEK);
+      error = WSAGetLastError ();
+      WSASetLastError (0);
+
+      if (r > 0 || error == WSAENOTCONN)
+        happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
+      /* Distinguish hung-up sockets from other errors.  */
+      else if (r == 0 || error == WSAESHUTDOWN || error == WSAECONNRESET
+               || error == WSAECONNABORTED || error == WSAENETRESET)
+        happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      else
+        happened |= POLLERR;
+    }
+
+  if (lNetworkEvents & (FD_WRITE | FD_CONNECT))
+    happened |= (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND) & sought;
+
+  if (lNetworkEvents & FD_OOB)
+    happened |= (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND) & sought;
+
+  return happened;
+}
+
+#else /* !MinGW */
+
+/* Convert select(2) returned fd_sets into poll(2) revents values.  */
+static int
+compute_revents (int fd, int sought, fd_set *rfds, fd_set *wfds, fd_set *efds)
+{
+  int happened = 0;
+  if (FD_ISSET (fd, rfds))
+    {
+      int r;
+      int socket_errno;
+
+# if defined __MACH__ && defined __APPLE__
+      /* There is a bug in Mac OS X that causes it to ignore MSG_PEEK
+         for some kinds of descriptors.  Detect if this descriptor is a
+         connected socket, a server socket, or something else using a
+         0-byte recv, and use ioctl(2) to detect POLLHUP.  */
+      r = recv (fd, NULL, 0, MSG_PEEK);
+      socket_errno = (r < 0) ? errno : 0;
+      if (r == 0 || socket_errno == ENOTSOCK)
+        ioctl (fd, FIONREAD, &r);
+# else
+      char data[64];
+      r = recv (fd, data, sizeof (data), MSG_PEEK);
+      socket_errno = (r < 0) ? errno : 0;
+# endif
+      if (r == 0)
+        happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      /* If the event happened on an unconnected server socket,
+         that's fine. */
+      else if (r > 0 || ( /* (r == -1) && */ socket_errno == ENOTCONN))
+        happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
+      /* Distinguish hung-up sockets from other errors.  */
+      else if (socket_errno == ESHUTDOWN || socket_errno == ECONNRESET
+               || socket_errno == ECONNABORTED || socket_errno == ENETRESET)
+        happened |= POLLHUP;
+
+      /* some systems can't use recv() on non-socket, including HP NonStop */
+      else if (socket_errno == ENOTSOCK)
+        happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
+      else
+        happened |= POLLERR;
+    }
+
+  if (FD_ISSET (fd, wfds))
+    happened |= (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND) & sought;
+
+  if (FD_ISSET (fd, efds))
+    happened |= (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND) & sought;
+
+  return happened;
+}
+#endif /* !MinGW */
+
+int
+poll (struct pollfd *pfd, nfds_t nfd, int timeout)
+{
+#ifndef WINDOWS_NATIVE
+  fd_set rfds, wfds, efds;
+  struct timeval tv;
+  struct timeval *ptv;
+  int maxfd, rc;
+  nfds_t i;
+
+  if (nfd > INT_MAX)
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  /* Don't check directly for NFD greater than OPEN_MAX.  Any practical use
+     of a too-large NFD is caught by one of the other checks below, and
+     checking directly for getdtablesize is too much of a portability
+     and/or performance and/or correctness hassle.  */
+
+  /* EFAULT is not necessary to implement, but let's do it in the
+     simplest case. */
+  if (!pfd && nfd)
+    {
+      errno = EFAULT;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  /* convert timeout number into a timeval structure */
+  if (timeout == 0)
+    {
+      ptv = &tv;
+      ptv->tv_sec = 0;
+      ptv->tv_usec = 0;
+    }
+  else if (timeout > 0)
+    {
+      ptv = &tv;
+      ptv->tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
+      ptv->tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
+    }
+  else if (timeout == INFTIM)
+    /* wait forever */
+    ptv = NULL;
+  else
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  /* create fd sets and determine max fd */
+  maxfd = -1;
+  FD_ZERO (&rfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&wfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&efds);
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    {
+      if (pfd[i].fd < 0)
+        continue;
+      if (maxfd < pfd[i].fd)
+        {
+          maxfd = pfd[i].fd;
+          if (FD_SETSIZE <= maxfd)
+            {
+              errno = EINVAL;
+              return -1;
+            }
+        }
+      if (pfd[i].events & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM))
+        FD_SET (pfd[i].fd, &rfds);
+
+      /* see select(2): "the only exceptional condition detectable
+         is out-of-band data received on a socket", hence we push
+         POLLWRBAND events onto wfds instead of efds. */
+      if (pfd[i].events & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND))
+        FD_SET (pfd[i].fd, &wfds);
+      if (pfd[i].events & (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND))
+        FD_SET (pfd[i].fd, &efds);
+    }
+
+  /* examine fd sets */
+  rc = select (maxfd + 1, &rfds, &wfds, &efds, ptv);
+  if (rc < 0)
+    return rc;
+
+  /* establish results */
+  rc = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    {
+      pfd[i].revents = (pfd[i].fd < 0
+                        ? 0
+                        : compute_revents (pfd[i].fd, pfd[i].events,
+                                           &rfds, &wfds, &efds));
+      rc += pfd[i].revents != 0;
+    }
+
+  return rc;
+#else
+  static struct timeval tv0;
+  static HANDLE hEvent;
+  WSANETWORKEVENTS ev;
+  HANDLE h, handle_array[FD_SETSIZE + 2];
+  DWORD ret, wait_timeout, nhandles;
+  fd_set rfds, wfds, xfds;
+  BOOL poll_again;
+  MSG msg;
+  int rc = 0;
+  nfds_t i;
+
+  if (nfd > INT_MAX || timeout < -1)
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+  if (!hEvent)
+    hEvent = CreateEvent (NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+
+restart:
+  handle_array[0] = hEvent;
+  nhandles = 1;
+  FD_ZERO (&rfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&wfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&xfds);
+
+  /* Classify socket handles and create fd sets. */
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    {
+      int sought = pfd[i].events;
+      pfd[i].revents = 0;
+      if (pfd[i].fd < 0)
+        continue;
+      if (!(sought & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM | POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND
+                      | POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND)))
+        continue;
+
+      h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (pfd[i].fd);
+      assert (h != NULL);
+      if (IsSocketHandle (h))
+        {
+          int requested = FD_CLOSE;
+
+          /* see above; socket handles are mapped onto select.  */
+          if (sought & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM))
+            {
+              requested |= FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT;
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &rfds);
+            }
+          if (sought & (POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND))
+            {
+              requested |= FD_WRITE | FD_CONNECT;
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &wfds);
+            }
+          if (sought & (POLLPRI | POLLRDBAND))
+            {
+              requested |= FD_OOB;
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &xfds);
+            }
+
+          if (requested)
+            WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, hEvent, requested);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* Poll now.  If we get an event, do not poll again.  Also,
+             screen buffer handles are waitable, and they'll block until
+             a character is available.  windows_compute_revents eliminates
+             bits for the "wrong" direction. */
+          pfd[i].revents = windows_compute_revents (h, &sought);
+          if (sought)
+            handle_array[nhandles++] = h;
+          if (pfd[i].revents)
+            timeout = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (select (0, &rfds, &wfds, &xfds, &tv0) > 0)
+    {
+      /* Do MsgWaitForMultipleObjects anyway to dispatch messages, but
+         no need to call select again.  */
+      poll_again = FALSE;
+      wait_timeout = 0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      poll_again = TRUE;
+      if (timeout == INFTIM)
+        wait_timeout = INFINITE;
+      else
+        wait_timeout = timeout;
+    }
+
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      ret = MsgWaitForMultipleObjects (nhandles, handle_array, FALSE,
+                                       wait_timeout, QS_ALLINPUT);
+
+      if (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nhandles)
+        {
+          /* new input of some other kind */
+          BOOL bRet;
+          while ((bRet = PeekMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) != 0)
+            {
+              TranslateMessage (&msg);
+              DispatchMessage (&msg);
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        break;
+    }
+
+  if (poll_again)
+    select (0, &rfds, &wfds, &xfds, &tv0);
+
+  /* Place a sentinel at the end of the array.  */
+  handle_array[nhandles] = NULL;
+  nhandles = 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++)
+    {
+      int happened;
+
+      if (pfd[i].fd < 0)
+        continue;
+      if (!(pfd[i].events & (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM |
+                             POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLWRBAND)))
+        continue;
+
+      h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (pfd[i].fd);
+      if (h != handle_array[nhandles])
+        {
+          /* It's a socket.  */
+          WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
+          WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, 0, 0);
+
+          /* If we're lucky, WSAEnumNetworkEvents already provided a way
+             to distinguish FD_READ and FD_ACCEPT; this saves a recv later.  */
+          if (FD_ISSET ((SOCKET) h, &rfds)
+              && !(ev.lNetworkEvents & (FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT)))
+            ev.lNetworkEvents |= FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT;
+          if (FD_ISSET ((SOCKET) h, &wfds))
+            ev.lNetworkEvents |= FD_WRITE | FD_CONNECT;
+          if (FD_ISSET ((SOCKET) h, &xfds))
+            ev.lNetworkEvents |= FD_OOB;
+
+          happened = windows_compute_revents_socket ((SOCKET) h, pfd[i].events,
+                                                     ev.lNetworkEvents);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* Not a socket.  */
+          int sought = pfd[i].events;
+          happened = windows_compute_revents (h, &sought);
+          nhandles++;
+        }
+
+       if ((pfd[i].revents |= happened) != 0)
+        rc++;
+    }
+
+  if (!rc && timeout == INFTIM)
+    {
+      SleepEx (1, TRUE);
+      goto restart;
+    }
+
+  return rc;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/win32/poll.h b/win32/poll.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7aa59d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/poll.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* Header for poll(2) emulation
+   Contributed by Paolo Bonzini.
+
+   Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This file is part of gnulib.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+   with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+   Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+#ifndef _GL_POLL_H
+#define _GL_POLL_H
+
+/* fake a poll(2) environment */
+#define POLLIN      0x0001      /* any readable data available   */
+#define POLLPRI     0x0002      /* OOB/Urgent readable data      */
+#define POLLOUT     0x0004      /* file descriptor is writeable  */
+#define POLLERR     0x0008      /* some poll error occurred      */
+#define POLLHUP     0x0010      /* file descriptor was "hung up" */
+#define POLLNVAL    0x0020      /* requested events "invalid"    */
+#define POLLRDNORM  0x0040
+#define POLLRDBAND  0x0080
+#define POLLWRNORM  0x0100
+#define POLLWRBAND  0x0200
+
+struct pollfd
+{
+  int fd;                       /* which file descriptor to poll */
+  short events;                 /* events we are interested in   */
+  short revents;                /* events found on return        */
+};
+
+typedef unsigned long nfds_t;
+
+extern int poll (struct pollfd *pfd, nfds_t nfd, int timeout);
+
+/* Define INFTIM only if doing so conforms to POSIX.  */
+#if !defined (_POSIX_C_SOURCE) && !defined (_XOPEN_SOURCE)
+#define INFTIM (-1)
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _GL_POLL_H */
diff --git a/win32/popen.c b/win32/popen.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9ea00ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/popen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include "NUM_APPLETS.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+        PROCESS_INFORMATION piProcInfo;
+        HANDLE pipe[2];
+        int fd;
+} pipe_data;
+
+static pipe_data *pipes = NULL;
+static int num_pipes = 0;
+
+static int mingw_popen_internal(pipe_data *p, const char *cmd,
+                                        const char *mode, int fd0, pid_t *pid);
+
+static int mingw_pipe(pipe_data *p, int bidi)
+{
+        SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
+
+        sa.nLength = sizeof(sa);          /* Length in bytes */
+        sa.bInheritHandle = 1;            /* the child must inherit these handles */
+        sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
+
+        if (!bidi) {
+                /* pipe[0] is the read handle, pipe[i] the write handle */
+                if ( !CreatePipe (&p->pipe[0], &p->pipe[1], &sa, 1 << 13) ) {
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+        else {
+                char *name;
+                const int ip = 1; /* index of parent end of pipe */
+                const int ic = 0; /* index of child end of pipe */
+                static int count = 0;
+
+                name = xasprintf("\\\\.\\pipe\\bb_pipe.%d.%d", getpid(), ++count);
+
+                p->pipe[ip] = CreateNamedPipe(name,
+                                                        PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+                                                        PIPE_TYPE_BYTE|PIPE_WAIT,
+                                                        1, 4096, 4096, 0, &sa);
+
+                p->pipe[ic] = CreateFile(name, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, 0, &sa,
+                                                                        OPEN_EXISTING,
+                                                                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+                                                                        NULL);
+                free(name);
+        }
+
+        return (p->pipe[0] == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ||
+                                p->pipe[1] == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static void clear_pipe_data(pipe_data *p)
+{
+        memset(p, 0, sizeof(pipe_data));
+        p->pipe[0] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        p->pipe[1] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        p->fd = -1;
+}
+
+static void close_pipe_data(pipe_data *p)
+{
+        if (p->pipe[0] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                CloseHandle(p->pipe[0]);
+        if (p->pipe[1] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                CloseHandle(p->pipe[1]);
+        clear_pipe_data(p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search for a pipe_data structure with file descriptor fd.  If fd is
+ * -1 and no empty slots are available the array is extended.  Return
+ * NULL if the file descriptor can't be found or the array can't be
+ * extended.
+ */
+static pipe_data *find_pipe(int fd)
+{
+        int i;
+        pipe_data *p = NULL;
+
+        /* find a matching pipe structure */
+        for ( i=0; i<num_pipes; ++i ) {
+                if (pipes[i].fd == fd) {
+                        p = pipes+i;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* if looking for valid file descriptor return now */
+        if (fd != -1)
+                return p;
+
+        if ( p == NULL ) {
+                /* need to extend array */
+                if ( (p=realloc(pipes, sizeof(pipe_data)*(num_pipes+10))) == NULL ) {
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+
+                pipes = p;
+                p = pipes + num_pipes;
+                for ( i=0; i<10; ++i ) {
+                        clear_pipe_data(p+i);
+                }
+                num_pipes += 10;
+        }
+        clear_pipe_data(p);
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+FILE *mingw_popen(const char *cmd, const char *mode)
+{
+        pipe_data *p;
+        FILE *fptr = NULL;
+        int fd;
+        int len, count;
+        char *cmd_buff = NULL;
+        const char *s;
+        char *t;
+
+        if ( cmd == NULL || *cmd == '\0' || mode == NULL ||
+                        (*mode != 'r' && *mode != 'w') ) {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* find an unused pipe structure */
+        if ((p=find_pipe(-1)) == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* count double quotes */
+        count = 0;
+        for ( s=cmd; *s; ++s ) {
+                if ( *s == '"' ) {
+                        ++count;
+                }
+        }
+
+        len = strlen(bb_busybox_exec_path) + strlen(cmd) + 32 + count;
+        if ( (cmd_buff=malloc(len)) == NULL ) {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+        cmd_buff[0] = '\0';
+
+#if (ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE) && \
+                NUM_APPLETS > 1
+        if (find_applet_by_name("sh") >= 0) {
+                sprintf(cmd_buff, "%s --busybox ", bb_busybox_exec_path);
+        }
+#endif
+        strcat(cmd_buff, "sh -c \"");
+
+        /* escape double quotes */
+        for ( s=cmd,t=cmd_buff+strlen(cmd_buff); *s; ++s ) {
+                if ( *s == '"' ) {
+                        *t++ = '\\';
+                }
+                *t++ = *s;
+        }
+        *t++ = '"';
+        *t = '\0';
+
+        /* Create the pipe */
+        if ((fd=mingw_popen_internal(p, cmd_buff, mode, -1, NULL)) != -1) {
+                fptr = _fdopen(fd, *mode == 'r' ? "rb" : "wb");
+        }
+
+        free(cmd_buff);
+
+        return fptr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open a pipe to a command.
+ *
+ * - mode may be "r", "w" or "b" for read-only, write-only or
+ *   bidirectional (from the perspective of the parent).
+ * - if fd0 is a valid file descriptor it's used as input to the
+ *   command ("r") or as the destination of the output from the
+ *   command ("w").  Otherwise (and if not "b") use stdin or stdout.
+ * - the pid of the command is returned in the variable pid, which
+ *   can be NULL if the pid is not required.
+ */
+static int mingw_popen_internal(pipe_data *p, const char *cmd,
+                                        const char *mode, int fd0, pid_t *pid)
+{
+        pipe_data pd;
+        STARTUPINFO siStartInfo;
+        int success;
+        int fd = -1;
+        int ip, ic, flags;
+
+        if ( cmd == NULL || *cmd == '\0' || mode == NULL ) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        switch (*mode) {
+        case 'r':
+                ip = 0;
+                flags = _O_RDONLY|_O_BINARY;
+                break;
+        case 'w':
+                ip = 1;
+                flags = _O_WRONLY|_O_BINARY;
+                break;
+        case 'b':
+                ip = 1;
+                flags = _O_RDWR|_O_BINARY;
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -1;
+        }
+        ic = !ip;
+
+        if (!p) {
+                /* no struct provided, use a local one */
+                p = &pd;
+        }
+
+        /* Create the pipe */
+        if ( mingw_pipe(p, *mode == 'b') == -1 ) {
+                goto finito;
+        }
+
+        /* Make the parent end of the pipe non-inheritable */
+        SetHandleInformation(p->pipe[ip], HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0);
+
+        /* Now create the child process */
+        ZeroMemory(&siStartInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
+        siStartInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
+        /* default settings for a bidirectional pipe */
+        siStartInfo.hStdInput = p->pipe[ic];
+        siStartInfo.hStdOutput = p->pipe[ic];
+        /* override for read-only or write-only */
+        if ( *mode == 'r' ) {
+                siStartInfo.hStdInput = fd0 >= 0 ? (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd0) :
+                                                                                        GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+        }
+        else if ( *mode == 'w' ) {
+                siStartInfo.hStdOutput = fd0 >= 0 ? (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd0) :
+                                                                                        GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+        }
+        siStartInfo.hStdError = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
+        siStartInfo.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
+        siStartInfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES|STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
+
+        success = CreateProcess(NULL,
+                                (LPTSTR)cmd,       /* command line */
+                                NULL,              /* process security attributes */
+                                NULL,              /* primary thread security attributes */
+                                TRUE,              /* handles are inherited */
+                                0,                 /* creation flags */
+                                NULL,              /* use parent's environment */
+                                NULL,              /* use parent's current directory */
+                                &siStartInfo,      /* STARTUPINFO pointer */
+                                &p->piProcInfo);   /* receives PROCESS_INFORMATION */
+
+        if ( !success ) {
+                goto finito;
+        }
+
+        /* close child end of pipe */
+        CloseHandle(p->pipe[ic]);
+        p->pipe[ic] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+        fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)p->pipe[ip], flags);
+
+finito:
+        if ( fd == -1 ) {
+                close_pipe_data(p);
+        }
+        else {
+                p->fd = fd;
+                if ( pid ) {
+                        *pid = (pid_t)p->piProcInfo.dwProcessId;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int mingw_popen_fd(const char *cmd, const char *mode, int fd0, pid_t *pid)
+{
+        return mingw_popen_internal(NULL, cmd, mode, fd0, pid);
+}
+
+int mingw_pclose(FILE *fp)
+{
+        int fd;
+        pipe_data *p;
+        DWORD ret;
+
+        /* find struct containing fd */
+        if (fp == NULL || (fd=fileno(fp)) == -1 || (p=find_pipe(fd)) == NULL)
+                return -1;
+
+        fclose(fp);
+
+        ret = WaitForSingleObject(p->piProcInfo.hProcess, INFINITE);
+
+        CloseHandle(p->piProcInfo.hProcess);
+        CloseHandle(p->piProcInfo.hThread);
+        close_pipe_data(p);
+
+        return (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0) ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+/* Used with mode "w" and a compressor when creating a compressed tar
+ * file; with mode "r" and a decompressor in open_transformer. */
+pid_t mingw_fork_compressor(int fd, const char *compressor, const char *mode)
+{
+        char *cmd;
+        int fd1;
+        pid_t pid;
+
+        if (find_applet_by_name(compressor) < 0
+#if ENABLE_XZ || ENABLE_LZMA
+                /* xz and lzma applets don't support compression, try using
+                 * an external program */
+                || (mode[0] == 'w' && index_in_strings("lzma\0xz\0", compressor) >= 0)
+#endif
+                )
+                cmd = xasprintf("%s -cf -", compressor);
+        else
+                cmd = xasprintf("%s --busybox %s -cf -", bb_busybox_exec_path,
+                                        compressor);
+
+        if ((fd1 = mingw_popen_fd(cmd, mode, fd, &pid)) == -1)
+                bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't execute '%s'", compressor);
+
+        free(cmd);
+        xmove_fd(fd1, fd);
+        return pid;
+}
diff --git a/win32/process.c b/win32/process.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb3c5b369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/process.c
@@ -0,0 +1,806 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include <tlhelp32.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#include "lazyload.h"
+
+pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
+#if ENABLE_TIME
+{
+        return mingw_wait3(pid, status, options, NULL);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_TIME
+pid_t mingw_wait3(pid_t pid, int *status, int options, struct rusage *rusage)
+#endif
+{
+        HANDLE proc;
+        DWORD code;
+
+        /* Windows does not understand parent-child */
+        if (pid > 0 && options == 0) {
+                if ( (proc=OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE|PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+                                                FALSE, pid)) != NULL ) {
+                        WaitForSingleObject(proc, INFINITE);
+                        GetExitCodeProcess(proc, &code);
+#if ENABLE_TIME
+                        if (rusage != NULL) {
+                                FILETIME crTime, exTime, keTime, usTime;
+
+                                memset(rusage, 0, sizeof(*rusage));
+                                if (GetProcessTimes(proc, &crTime, &exTime, &keTime, &usTime)) {
+                                        uint64_t kernel_usec =
+                                                (((uint64_t)keTime.dwHighDateTime << 32)
+                                                        | (uint64_t)keTime.dwLowDateTime)/10;
+                                        uint64_t user_usec =
+                                                (((uint64_t)usTime.dwHighDateTime << 32)
+                                                        | (uint64_t)usTime.dwLowDateTime)/10;
+
+                                        rusage->ru_utime.tv_sec = user_usec / 1000000U;
+                                        rusage->ru_utime.tv_usec = user_usec % 1000000U;
+                                        rusage->ru_stime.tv_sec = kernel_usec / 1000000U;
+                                        rusage->ru_stime.tv_usec = kernel_usec % 1000000U;
+                                }
+                        }
+#endif
+                        CloseHandle(proc);
+                        *status = code << 8;
+                        return pid;
+                }
+        }
+        errno = pid < 0 ? ENOSYS : EINVAL;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+        char *path;
+        char *name;
+        char *opts;
+        char buf[100];
+} interp_t;
+
+static int
+parse_interpreter(const char *cmd, interp_t *interp)
+{
+        char *path, *t;
+        int n;
+
+        while (TRUE) {
+                n = open_read_close(cmd, interp->buf, sizeof(interp->buf)-1);
+                if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
+                        break;
+
+                /*
+                 * See http://www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/shebang/ for trivia
+                 * relating to '#!'.  See also https://lwn.net/Articles/630727/
+                 * for Linux-specific details.
+                 */
+                if (interp->buf[0] != '#' || interp->buf[1] != '!')
+                        break;
+                interp->buf[n] = '\0';
+                if ((t=strchr(interp->buf, '\n')) == NULL)
+                        break;
+                t[1] = '\0';
+
+                if ((path=strtok(interp->buf+2, " \t\r\n")) == NULL)
+                        break;
+
+                t = (char *)bb_basename(path);
+                if (*t == '\0')
+                        break;
+
+                interp->path = path;
+                interp->name = t;
+                interp->opts = strtok(NULL, "\r\n");
+                /* Trim leading and trailing whitespace from the options.
+                 * If the resulting string is empty return a NULL pointer. */
+                if (interp->opts && trim(interp->opts) == interp->opts)
+                        interp->opts = NULL;
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (n >= 0 && is_suffixed_with_case(cmd, ".sh")) {
+                interp->path = (char *)DEFAULT_SHELL;
+                interp->name = (char *)DEFAULT_SHELL_SHORT_NAME;
+                interp->opts = NULL;
+                return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/main-function-command-line-args?view=vs-2019#parsing-c-command-line-arguments
+ * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
+ */
+static char *
+quote_arg(const char *arg)
+{
+        int len = 0, n = 0;
+        int force_quotes = 0;
+        char *q, *d;
+        const char *p = arg;
+
+        /* empty arguments must be quoted */
+        if (!*p) {
+                force_quotes = 1;
+        }
+
+        while (*p) {
+                if (isspace(*p)) {
+                        /* arguments containing whitespace must be quoted */
+                        force_quotes = 1;
+                }
+                else if (*p == '"') {
+                        /* double quotes in arguments need to be escaped */
+                        n++;
+                }
+                else if (*p == '\\') {
+                        /* count contiguous backslashes */
+                        int count = 0;
+                        while (*p == '\\') {
+                                count++;
+                                p++;
+                                len++;
+                        }
+
+                        /*
+                         * Only escape backslashes before explicit double quotes or
+                         * or where the backslashes are at the end of an argument
+                         * that is scheduled to be quoted.
+                         */
+                        if (*p == '"' || (force_quotes && *p == '\0')) {
+                                n += count*2 + 1;
+                        }
+
+                        if (*p == '\0') {
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                }
+                len++;
+                p++;
+        }
+
+        if (!force_quotes && n == 0) {
+                return (char*)arg;
+        }
+
+        /* insert double quotes and backslashes where necessary */
+        d = q = xmalloc(len+n+3);
+        if (force_quotes) {
+                *d++ = '"';
+        }
+
+        while (*arg) {
+                if (*arg == '"') {
+                        *d++ = '\\';
+                }
+                else if (*arg == '\\') {
+                        int count = 0;
+                        while (*arg == '\\') {
+                                count++;
+                                *d++ = *arg++;
+                        }
+
+                        if (*arg == '"' || (force_quotes && *arg == '\0')) {
+                                while (count-- > 0) {
+                                        *d++ = '\\';
+                                }
+                                if (*arg == '"') {
+                                        *d++ = '\\';
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+                if (*arg != '\0') {
+                        *d++ = *arg++;
+                }
+        }
+        if (force_quotes) {
+                *d++ = '"';
+        }
+        *d = '\0';
+
+        return q;
+}
+
+static char *
+find_first_executable(const char *name)
+{
+        char *tmp, *path = getenv("PATH");
+        char *exe_path = NULL;
+
+        if (path) {
+                tmp = path = xstrdup(path);
+                exe_path = find_executable(name, &tmp);
+                free(path);
+        }
+
+        return exe_path;
+}
+
+static intptr_t
+spawnveq(int mode, const char *path, char *const *argv, char *const *env)
+{
+        char **new_argv;
+        char *new_path = NULL;
+        int i, argc;
+        intptr_t ret;
+        struct stat st;
+
+        /*
+         * Require that the file exists, is a regular file and is executable.
+         * It may still contain garbage but we let spawnve deal with that.
+         */
+        if (stat(path, &st) == 0) {
+                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || !(st.st_mode&S_IXUSR)) {
+                        errno = EACCES;
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+        else {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        argc = string_array_len((char **)argv);
+        new_argv = xzalloc(sizeof(*argv)*(argc+1));
+        for (i = 0;i < argc;i++)
+                new_argv[i] = quote_arg(argv[i]);
+
+        /* Special case:  spawnve won't execute a batch file if the first
+         * argument is a relative path containing forward slashes.  Absolute
+         * paths are fine but there's no harm in converting them too. */
+        if (has_bat_suffix(path)) {
+                slash_to_bs(new_argv[0]);
+
+                /* Another special case:  spawnve returns ENOEXEC when passed an
+                 * empty batch file.  Pretend it worked. */
+                if (st.st_size == 0) {
+                        ret = 0;
+                        goto done;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Another special case:  if a file doesn't have an extension add
+         * a '.' at the end.  This forces spawnve to use precisely the
+         * file specified without trying to add an extension.
+         */
+        if (!strchr(bb_basename(path), '.')) {
+                new_path = xasprintf("%s.", path);
+        }
+
+        errno = 0;
+        ret = spawnve(mode, new_path ? new_path : path, new_argv, env);
+
+ done:
+        for (i = 0;i < argc;i++)
+                if (new_argv[i] != argv[i])
+                        free(new_argv[i]);
+        free(new_argv);
+        free(new_path);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+static intptr_t
+mingw_spawn_applet(int mode,
+                   char *const *argv,
+                   char *const *envp)
+{
+        return spawnveq(mode, bb_busybox_exec_path, argv, envp);
+}
+#endif
+
+static intptr_t
+mingw_spawn_interpreter(int mode, const char *prog, char *const *argv,
+                        char *const *envp, int level)
+{
+        intptr_t ret;
+        int nopts;
+        interp_t interp;
+        char **new_argv;
+        int argc;
+        char *fullpath = NULL;
+
+        if (!parse_interpreter(prog, &interp))
+                return spawnveq(mode, prog, argv, envp);
+
+        if (++level > 4) {
+                errno = ELOOP;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        nopts = interp.opts != NULL;
+        argc = string_array_len((char **)argv);
+        new_argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv)*(argc+nopts+2));
+        new_argv[1] = interp.opts;
+        new_argv[nopts+1] = (char *)prog; /* pass absolute path */
+        memcpy(new_argv+nopts+2, argv+1, sizeof(*argv)*argc);
+
+        fullpath = alloc_system_drive(interp.path);
+        if (add_win32_extension(fullpath) || file_is_executable(fullpath)) {
+                new_argv[0] = fullpath;
+                ret = mingw_spawn_interpreter(mode, new_argv[0], new_argv, envp, level);
+        } else
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+        if (find_applet_by_name(interp.name) >= 0) {
+                /* the fake path indicates the index of the script */
+                new_argv[0] = fullpath = xasprintf("%d:/%s", nopts+1, interp.name);
+                ret = mingw_spawn_applet(mode, new_argv, envp);
+        } else
+#endif
+        {
+                errno = ENOENT;
+                ret = -1;
+        }
+
+        free(fullpath);
+        free(new_argv);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static intptr_t
+mingw_spawnvp(int mode, const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+{
+        char *prog;
+        intptr_t ret;
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+        if (find_applet_by_name(cmd) >= 0)
+                return mingw_spawn_applet(mode, argv, NULL);
+        else
+#endif
+        if (has_path(cmd)) {
+                char *path = alloc_system_drive(cmd);
+                add_win32_extension(path);
+                ret = mingw_spawn_interpreter(mode, path, argv, NULL, 0);
+                free(path);
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PREFER_APPLETS || ENABLE_FEATURE_SH_STANDALONE
+                if (ret == -1 && unix_path(cmd) &&
+                                find_applet_by_name(bb_basename(cmd)) >= 0) {
+                        return mingw_spawn_applet(mode, argv, NULL);
+                }
+#endif
+                return ret;
+        }
+        else if ((prog=find_first_executable(cmd)) != NULL) {
+                ret = mingw_spawn_interpreter(mode, prog, argv, NULL, 0);
+                free(prog);
+                return ret;
+        }
+
+        errno = ENOENT;
+        return -1;
+}
+
+static pid_t
+mingw_spawn_pid(int mode, char **argv)
+{
+        intptr_t ret;
+
+        ret = mingw_spawnvp(mode, argv[0], (char *const *)argv);
+
+        return ret == -1 ? (pid_t)-1 : (pid_t)GetProcessId((HANDLE)ret);
+}
+
+pid_t FAST_FUNC
+mingw_spawn(char **argv)
+{
+        return mingw_spawn_pid(P_NOWAIT, argv);
+}
+
+pid_t FAST_FUNC
+mingw_spawn_detach(char **argv)
+{
+        return mingw_spawn_pid(P_DETACH, argv);
+}
+
+intptr_t FAST_FUNC
+mingw_spawn_proc(const char **argv)
+{
+        return mingw_spawnvp(P_NOWAIT, argv[0], (char *const *)argv);
+}
+
+int
+mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+{
+        int ret = (int)mingw_spawnvp(P_WAIT, cmd, argv);
+        if (ret != -1 || errno == 0)
+                exit(ret);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int
+mingw_execve(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char *const *envp)
+{
+        int ret = (int)mingw_spawn_interpreter(P_WAIT, cmd, argv, envp, 0);
+        if (ret != -1 || errno == 0)
+                exit(ret);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int
+mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+{
+        return mingw_execve(cmd, argv, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline long long filetime_to_ticks(const FILETIME *ft)
+{
+        return (((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime)/
+                                HNSEC_PER_TICK;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Attempt to get a string from another instance of busybox.exe.
+ * This will only work if the other process is using the same binary
+ * as the current process.  If anything goes wrong just give up.
+ */
+static char *get_bb_string(DWORD pid, const char *exe, char *string)
+{
+        HANDLE proc;
+        HMODULE mlist[32];
+        DWORD needed;
+        void *address;
+        char *my_base;
+        char buffer[128];
+        char exepath[PATH_MAX];
+        char *name = NULL;
+        int i;
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(DWORD, GetProcessImageFileNameA, HANDLE,
+                                                        LPSTR, DWORD);
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(BOOL, EnumProcessModules, HANDLE, HMODULE *,
+                                                        DWORD, LPDWORD);
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(DWORD, GetModuleFileNameExA, HANDLE, HMODULE,
+                                                        LPSTR, DWORD);
+
+        if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(psapi.dll, GetProcessImageFileNameA) ||
+                        !INIT_PROC_ADDR(psapi.dll, EnumProcessModules) ||
+                        !INIT_PROC_ADDR(psapi.dll, GetModuleFileNameExA))
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (!(proc=OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION|PROCESS_VM_READ,
+                                                        FALSE, pid))) {
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (exe == NULL) {
+                if (GetProcessImageFileNameA(proc, exepath, PATH_MAX) != 0) {
+                        exe = bb_basename(exepath);
+                }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Search for the module that matches the name of the executable.
+         * The values returned in mlist are actually the base address of
+         * the module in the other process (as noted in the documentation
+         * for the MODULEINFO structure).
+         */
+        if (!EnumProcessModules(proc, mlist, sizeof(mlist), &needed)) {
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        for (i=0; exe != NULL && i<needed/sizeof(HMODULE); ++i) {
+                char modname[MAX_PATH];
+                if (GetModuleFileNameExA(proc, mlist[i], modname, sizeof(modname))) {
+                        if (strcasecmp(bb_basename(modname), exe) == 0) {
+                                break;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (i == needed/sizeof(HMODULE)) {
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* attempt to read the BusyBox version string */
+        my_base = (char *)GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+        address = (char *)mlist[i] + ((char *)bb_banner - my_base);
+        if (!ReadProcessMemory(proc, address, buffer, 128, NULL)) {
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (memcmp(buffer, bb_banner, strlen(bb_banner)) != 0) {
+                /* version mismatch (or not BusyBox at all) */
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* attempt to read the required string */
+        address = (char *)mlist[i] + ((char *)string - my_base);
+        if (!ReadProcessMemory(proc, address, buffer, 128, NULL)) {
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        buffer[127] = '\0';
+        name = auto_string(xstrdup(buffer));
+
+ finish:
+        CloseHandle(proc);
+        return name;
+}
+
+/* POSIX version in libbb/procps.c */
+procps_status_t* FAST_FUNC procps_scan(procps_status_t* sp, int flags
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_TIME && !ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_LONG
+UNUSED_PARAM
+#endif
+)
+{
+        PROCESSENTRY32 pe;
+        HANDLE proc;
+        const char *comm, *name;
+        BOOL ret;
+
+        pe.dwSize = sizeof(pe);
+        if (!sp) {
+                sp = xzalloc(sizeof(struct procps_status_t));
+                sp->snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
+                if (sp->snapshot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                        free(sp);
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+                ret = Process32First(sp->snapshot, &pe);
+        }
+        else {
+                ret = Process32Next(sp->snapshot, &pe);
+        }
+
+        if (!ret) {
+                CloseHandle(sp->snapshot);
+                free(sp);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        memset(&sp->vsz, 0, sizeof(*sp) - offsetof(procps_status_t, vsz));
+#if !ENABLE_DESKTOP
+        strcpy(sp->state, "   ");
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_TIME || ENABLE_FEATURE_PS_LONG
+        if (flags & (PSSCAN_STIME|PSSCAN_UTIME|PSSCAN_START_TIME)) {
+                FILETIME crTime, exTime, keTime, usTime;
+
+                if ((proc=OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION,
+                                        FALSE, pe.th32ProcessID))) {
+                        if (GetProcessTimes(proc, &crTime, &exTime, &keTime, &usTime)) {
+                                long long ticks_since_boot, boot_time, create_time;
+                                FILETIME now;
+
+                                ticks_since_boot = GetTickCount64()/MS_PER_TICK;
+                                GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&now);
+                                boot_time = filetime_to_ticks(&now) - ticks_since_boot;
+                                create_time = filetime_to_ticks(&crTime);
+
+                                sp->start_time = (unsigned long)(create_time - boot_time);
+                                sp->stime = (unsigned long)filetime_to_ticks(&keTime);
+                                sp->utime = (unsigned long)filetime_to_ticks(&usTime);
+                        }
+                        CloseHandle(proc);
+                }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (flags & PSSCAN_UIDGID) {
+                /* if we can open the process it belongs to us */
+                if ((proc=OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, pe.th32ProcessID))) {
+                        sp->uid = DEFAULT_UID;
+                        sp->gid = DEFAULT_GID;
+                        CloseHandle(proc);
+                }
+        }
+
+        sp->pid = pe.th32ProcessID;
+        sp->ppid = pe.th32ParentProcessID;
+
+        if (sp->pid == GetProcessId(GetCurrentProcess())) {
+                comm = applet_name;
+        }
+        else if ((name=get_bb_string(sp->pid, pe.szExeFile, bb_comm)) != NULL) {
+                comm = name;
+        }
+        else {
+                comm = pe.szExeFile;
+        }
+        safe_strncpy(sp->comm, comm, COMM_LEN);
+
+        return sp;
+}
+
+void FAST_FUNC read_cmdline(char *buf, int col, unsigned pid, const char *comm)
+{
+        const char *str, *cmdline;
+
+        *buf = '\0';
+        if (pid == GetProcessId(GetCurrentProcess()))
+                cmdline = bb_command_line;
+        else if ((str=get_bb_string(pid, NULL, bb_command_line)) != NULL)
+                cmdline = str;
+        else
+                cmdline = comm;
+        safe_strncpy(buf, cmdline, col);
+}
+
+/**
+ * If the process ID is positive invoke the callback for that process
+ * only.  If negative or zero invoke the callback for all descendants
+ * of the indicated process.  Zero indicates the current process; negative
+ * indicates the process with process ID -pid.
+ */
+typedef int (*kill_callback)(pid_t pid, int sig);
+
+static int kill_pids(pid_t pid, int sig, kill_callback killer)
+{
+        DWORD pids[16384];
+        int max_len = sizeof(pids) / sizeof(*pids), i, len, ret = 0;
+
+        if(pid > 0)
+                pids[0] = (DWORD)pid;
+        else if (pid == 0)
+                pids[0] = (DWORD)getpid();
+        else
+                pids[0] = (DWORD)-pid;
+        len = 1;
+
+        /*
+         * Even if Process32First()/Process32Next() seem to traverse the
+         * processes in topological order (i.e. parent processes before
+         * child processes), there is nothing in the Win32 API documentation
+         * suggesting that this is guaranteed.
+         *
+         * Therefore, run through them at least twice and stop when no more
+         * process IDs were added to the list.
+         */
+        if (pid <= 0) {
+                HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
+
+                if (snapshot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                        errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                        return -1;
+                }
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        PROCESSENTRY32 entry;
+                        int orig_len = len;
+
+                        memset(&entry, 0, sizeof(entry));
+                        entry.dwSize = sizeof(entry);
+
+                        if (!Process32First(snapshot, &entry))
+                                break;
+
+                        do {
+                                for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                                        if (pids[i] == entry.th32ProcessID)
+                                                break;
+                                        if (pids[i] == entry.th32ParentProcessID)
+                                                pids[len++] = entry.th32ProcessID;
+                                }
+                        } while (len < max_len && Process32Next(snapshot, &entry));
+
+                        if (orig_len == len || len >= max_len)
+                                break;
+                }
+
+                CloseHandle(snapshot);
+        }
+
+        for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                SetLastError(0);
+                if (killer(pids[i], sig)) {
+                        errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                        ret = -1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine whether a process runs in the same architecture as the current
+ * one. That test is required before we assume that GetProcAddress() returns
+ * a valid address *for the target process*.
+ */
+static inline int process_architecture_matches_current(HANDLE process)
+{
+        static BOOL current_is_wow = -1;
+        BOOL is_wow;
+
+        if (current_is_wow == -1 &&
+            !IsWow64Process (GetCurrentProcess(), &current_is_wow))
+                current_is_wow = -2;
+        if (current_is_wow == -2)
+                return 0; /* could not determine current process' WoW-ness */
+        if (!IsWow64Process (process, &is_wow))
+                return 0; /* cannot determine */
+        return is_wow == current_is_wow;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function tries to terminate a Win32 process, as gently as possible,
+ * by injecting a thread that calls ExitProcess().
+ *
+ * Note: as kernel32.dll is loaded before any process, the other process and
+ * this process will have ExitProcess() at the same address.
+ *
+ * The idea comes from the Dr Dobb's article "A Safer Alternative to
+ * TerminateProcess()" by Andrew Tucker (July 1, 1999),
+ * http://www.drdobbs.com/a-safer-alternative-to-terminateprocess/184416547
+ *
+ */
+int kill_SIGTERM_by_handle(HANDLE process)
+{
+        DWORD code;
+        int ret = 0;
+
+        if (GetExitCodeProcess(process, &code) && code == STILL_ACTIVE) {
+                DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(DWORD, ExitProcess, LPVOID);
+                PVOID arg = (PVOID)(intptr_t)(128 + SIGTERM);
+                DWORD thread_id;
+                HANDLE thread;
+
+                if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(kernel32, ExitProcess) ||
+                                !process_architecture_matches_current(process)) {
+                        SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
+                        ret = -1;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                if ((thread = CreateRemoteThread(process, NULL, 0,
+                                            ExitProcess, arg, 0, &thread_id))) {
+                        CloseHandle(thread);
+                }
+        }
+
+ finish:
+        CloseHandle(process);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int kill_SIGTERM(pid_t pid, int sig UNUSED_PARAM)
+{
+        HANDLE process;
+
+        if (!(process = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD |
+                        PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION |
+                        PROCESS_VM_OPERATION | PROCESS_VM_WRITE |
+                        PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE, pid))) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        return kill_SIGTERM_by_handle(process);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This way of terminating processes is not gentle: they get no chance to
+ * clean up after themselves (closing file handles, removing .lock files,
+ * terminating spawned processes (if any), etc).
+ *
+ * If the signal isn't SIGKILL just check if the target process exists.
+ */
+static int kill_SIGKILL(pid_t pid, int sig)
+{
+        HANDLE process;
+        int ret = 0;
+
+        if (!(process=OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid))) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (sig == SIGKILL)
+                ret = !TerminateProcess(process, 128 + SIGKILL);
+        CloseHandle(process);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
+{
+        if (sig == SIGTERM)
+                return kill_pids(pid, sig, kill_SIGTERM);
+        else if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == 0)
+                return kill_pids(pid, sig, kill_SIGKILL);
+
+        errno = EINVAL;
+        return -1;
+}
diff --git a/win32/pwd.h b/win32/pwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/pwd.h
diff --git a/win32/regcomp.c b/win32/regcomp.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1692d341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/regcomp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3936 @@
+/* Extended regular expression matching and search library.
+   Copyright (C) 2002-2007,2009,2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+   Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301 USA.  */
+
+#include "match_class.h"
+
+#define UNUSED_PARAM __attribute__ ((__unused__))
+
+static reg_errcode_t re_compile_internal (regex_t *preg, const char * pattern,
+                                          size_t length, reg_syntax_t syntax);
+static void re_compile_fastmap_iter (regex_t *bufp,
+                                     const re_dfastate_t *init_state,
+                                     char *fastmap);
+static reg_errcode_t init_dfa (re_dfa_t *dfa, size_t pat_len);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static void free_charset (re_charset_t *cset);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+static void free_workarea_compile (regex_t *preg);
+static reg_errcode_t create_initial_state (re_dfa_t *dfa);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static void optimize_utf8 (re_dfa_t *dfa);
+#endif
+static reg_errcode_t analyze (regex_t *preg);
+static reg_errcode_t preorder (bin_tree_t *root,
+                               reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
+                               void *extra);
+static reg_errcode_t postorder (bin_tree_t *root,
+                                reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
+                                void *extra);
+static reg_errcode_t optimize_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
+static reg_errcode_t lower_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
+static bin_tree_t *lower_subexp (reg_errcode_t *err, regex_t *preg,
+                                 bin_tree_t *node);
+static reg_errcode_t calc_first (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
+static reg_errcode_t calc_next (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
+static reg_errcode_t link_nfa_nodes (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
+static int duplicate_node (re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_idx, unsigned int constraint);
+static int search_duplicated_node (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_node,
+                                   unsigned int constraint);
+static reg_errcode_t calc_eclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa);
+static reg_errcode_t calc_eclosure_iter (re_node_set *new_set, re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                         int node, int root);
+static reg_errcode_t calc_inveclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa);
+static int fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token,
+                         reg_syntax_t syntax);
+static int peek_token (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input,
+                        reg_syntax_t syntax) internal_function;
+static bin_tree_t *parse (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
+                          reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err);
+static bin_tree_t *parse_reg_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
+                                  re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
+                                  int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
+static bin_tree_t *parse_branch (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
+                                 re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
+                                 int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
+static bin_tree_t *parse_expression (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
+                                     re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
+                                     int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
+static bin_tree_t *parse_sub_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg,
+                                  re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
+                                  int nest, reg_errcode_t *err);
+static bin_tree_t *parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *dup_elem, re_string_t *regexp,
+                                 re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
+                                 reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err);
+static bin_tree_t *parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                      re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax,
+                                      reg_errcode_t *err);
+static reg_errcode_t parse_bracket_element (bracket_elem_t *elem,
+                                            re_string_t *regexp,
+                                            re_token_t *token, int token_len,
+                                            re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                            reg_syntax_t syntax,
+                                            int accept_hyphen);
+static reg_errcode_t parse_bracket_symbol (bracket_elem_t *elem,
+                                          re_string_t *regexp,
+                                          re_token_t *token);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static reg_errcode_t build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset,
+                                        re_charset_t *mbcset,
+                                        int *equiv_class_alloc,
+                                        const unsigned char *name);
+static reg_errcode_t build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
+                                      bitset_t sbcset,
+                                      re_charset_t *mbcset,
+                                      int *char_class_alloc,
+                                      const char *class_name,
+                                      reg_syntax_t syntax);
+#else  /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+static reg_errcode_t build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset,
+                                        const unsigned char *name);
+static reg_errcode_t build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
+                                      bitset_t sbcset,
+                                      const char *class_name,
+                                      reg_syntax_t syntax);
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+static bin_tree_t *build_charclass_op (re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                       RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
+                                       const char *class_name,
+                                       const char *extra,
+                                       int non_match, reg_errcode_t *err);
+static bin_tree_t *create_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
+                                re_token_type_t type);
+static bin_tree_t *create_token_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                      bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
+                                      const re_token_t *token);
+static bin_tree_t *duplicate_tree (const bin_tree_t *src, re_dfa_t *dfa);
+static void free_token (re_token_t *node);
+static reg_errcode_t free_tree (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
+static reg_errcode_t mark_opt_subexp (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node);
+
+/* This table gives an error message for each of the error codes listed
+   in regex.h.  Obviously the order here has to be same as there.
+   POSIX doesn't require that we do anything for REG_NOERROR,
+   but why not be nice?  */
+
+const char __re_error_msgid[] attribute_hidden =
+  {
+#define REG_NOERROR_IDX 0
+    gettext_noop ("Success")    /* REG_NOERROR */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_NOMATCH_IDX (REG_NOERROR_IDX + sizeof "Success")
+    gettext_noop ("No match")   /* REG_NOMATCH */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_BADPAT_IDX  (REG_NOMATCH_IDX + sizeof "No match")
+    gettext_noop ("Invalid regular expression") /* REG_BADPAT */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_ECOLLATE_IDX (REG_BADPAT_IDX + sizeof "Invalid regular expression")
+    gettext_noop ("Invalid collation character") /* REG_ECOLLATE */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_ECTYPE_IDX  (REG_ECOLLATE_IDX + sizeof "Invalid collation character")
+    gettext_noop ("Invalid character class name") /* REG_ECTYPE */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_EESCAPE_IDX (REG_ECTYPE_IDX + sizeof "Invalid character class name")
+    gettext_noop ("Trailing backslash") /* REG_EESCAPE */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_ESUBREG_IDX (REG_EESCAPE_IDX + sizeof "Trailing backslash")
+    gettext_noop ("Invalid back reference") /* REG_ESUBREG */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_EBRACK_IDX  (REG_ESUBREG_IDX + sizeof "Invalid back reference")
+    gettext_noop ("Unmatched [ or [^")  /* REG_EBRACK */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_EPAREN_IDX  (REG_EBRACK_IDX + sizeof "Unmatched [ or [^")
+    gettext_noop ("Unmatched ( or \\(") /* REG_EPAREN */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_EBRACE_IDX  (REG_EPAREN_IDX + sizeof "Unmatched ( or \\(")
+    gettext_noop ("Unmatched \\{") /* REG_EBRACE */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_BADBR_IDX   (REG_EBRACE_IDX + sizeof "Unmatched \\{")
+    gettext_noop ("Invalid content of \\{\\}") /* REG_BADBR */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_ERANGE_IDX  (REG_BADBR_IDX + sizeof "Invalid content of \\{\\}")
+    gettext_noop ("Invalid range end")  /* REG_ERANGE */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_ESPACE_IDX  (REG_ERANGE_IDX + sizeof "Invalid range end")
+    gettext_noop ("Memory exhausted") /* REG_ESPACE */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_BADRPT_IDX  (REG_ESPACE_IDX + sizeof "Memory exhausted")
+    gettext_noop ("Invalid preceding regular expression") /* REG_BADRPT */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_EEND_IDX    (REG_BADRPT_IDX + sizeof "Invalid preceding regular expression")
+    gettext_noop ("Premature end of regular expression") /* REG_EEND */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_ESIZE_IDX   (REG_EEND_IDX + sizeof "Premature end of regular expression")
+    gettext_noop ("Regular expression too big") /* REG_ESIZE */
+    "\0"
+#define REG_ERPAREN_IDX (REG_ESIZE_IDX + sizeof "Regular expression too big")
+    gettext_noop ("Unmatched ) or \\)") /* REG_ERPAREN */
+  };
+
+const size_t __re_error_msgid_idx[] attribute_hidden =
+  {
+    REG_NOERROR_IDX,
+    REG_NOMATCH_IDX,
+    REG_BADPAT_IDX,
+    REG_ECOLLATE_IDX,
+    REG_ECTYPE_IDX,
+    REG_EESCAPE_IDX,
+    REG_ESUBREG_IDX,
+    REG_EBRACK_IDX,
+    REG_EPAREN_IDX,
+    REG_EBRACE_IDX,
+    REG_BADBR_IDX,
+    REG_ERANGE_IDX,
+    REG_ESPACE_IDX,
+    REG_BADRPT_IDX,
+    REG_EEND_IDX,
+    REG_ESIZE_IDX,
+    REG_ERPAREN_IDX
+  };
+
+/* Entry points for GNU code.  */
+
+
+#ifdef ZOS_USS
+
+/* For ZOS USS we must define btowc */
+
+wchar_t 
+btowc (int c)
+{
+   wchar_t wtmp[2];
+   char tmp[2];
+
+   tmp[0] = c;
+   tmp[1] = 0;
+
+   mbtowc (wtmp, tmp, 1);
+   return wtmp[0];
+}
+#endif
+
+/* re_compile_pattern is the GNU regular expression compiler: it
+   compiles PATTERN (of length LENGTH) and puts the result in BUFP.
+   Returns 0 if the pattern was valid, otherwise an error string.
+
+   Assumes the `allocated' (and perhaps `buffer') and `translate' fields
+   are set in BUFP on entry.  */
+
+const char *
+re_compile_pattern (const char *pattern,
+                    size_t length,
+                    struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+
+  /* And GNU code determines whether or not to get register information
+     by passing null for the REGS argument to re_match, etc., not by
+     setting no_sub, unless RE_NO_SUB is set.  */
+  bufp->no_sub = !!(re_syntax_options & RE_NO_SUB);
+
+  /* Match anchors at newline.  */
+  bufp->newline_anchor = 1;
+
+  ret = re_compile_internal (bufp, pattern, length, re_syntax_options);
+
+  if (!ret)
+    return NULL;
+  return gettext (__re_error_msgid + __re_error_msgid_idx[(int) ret]);
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_compile_pattern, re_compile_pattern)
+#endif
+
+/* Set by `re_set_syntax' to the current regexp syntax to recognize.  Can
+   also be assigned to arbitrarily: each pattern buffer stores its own
+   syntax, so it can be changed between regex compilations.  */
+/* This has no initializer because initialized variables in Emacs
+   become read-only after dumping.  */
+reg_syntax_t re_syntax_options;
+
+
+/* Specify the precise syntax of regexps for compilation.  This provides
+   for compatibility for various utilities which historically have
+   different, incompatible syntaxes.
+
+   The argument SYNTAX is a bit mask comprised of the various bits
+   defined in regex.h.  We return the old syntax.  */
+
+reg_syntax_t
+re_set_syntax (reg_syntax_t syntax)
+{
+  reg_syntax_t ret = re_syntax_options;
+
+  re_syntax_options = syntax;
+  return ret;
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_set_syntax, re_set_syntax)
+#endif
+
+int
+re_compile_fastmap (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) bufp->buffer;
+  char *fastmap = bufp->fastmap;
+
+  memset (fastmap, '\0', sizeof (char) * SBC_MAX);
+  re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state, fastmap);
+  if (dfa->init_state != dfa->init_state_word)
+    re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state_word, fastmap);
+  if (dfa->init_state != dfa->init_state_nl)
+    re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state_nl, fastmap);
+  if (dfa->init_state != dfa->init_state_begbuf)
+    re_compile_fastmap_iter (bufp, dfa->init_state_begbuf, fastmap);
+  bufp->fastmap_accurate = 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_compile_fastmap, re_compile_fastmap)
+#endif
+
+static inline void
+__attribute ((always_inline))
+re_set_fastmap (char *fastmap, int icase, int ch)
+{
+  fastmap[ch] = 1;
+  if (icase)
+    fastmap[tolower (ch)] = 1;
+}
+
+/* Helper function for re_compile_fastmap.
+   Compile fastmap for the initial_state INIT_STATE.  */
+
+static void
+re_compile_fastmap_iter (regex_t *bufp, const re_dfastate_t *init_state,
+                         char *fastmap)
+{
+  volatile re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) bufp->buffer;
+  int node_cnt;
+  int icase = (dfa->mb_cur_max == 1 && (bufp->syntax & RE_ICASE));
+  for (node_cnt = 0; node_cnt < init_state->nodes.nelem; ++node_cnt)
+    {
+      int node = init_state->nodes.elems[node_cnt];
+      re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node].type;
+
+      if (type == CHARACTER)
+        {
+          re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, dfa->nodes[node].opr.c);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+          if ((bufp->syntax & RE_ICASE) && dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+            {
+              unsigned char *buf = re_malloc (unsigned char, dfa->mb_cur_max), *p;
+              wchar_t wc;
+              mbstate_t state;
+
+              p = buf;
+              *p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
+              while (++node < dfa->nodes_len
+                     && dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
+                     && dfa->nodes[node].mb_partial)
+                *p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
+              memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (state));
+              if (__mbrtowc (&wc, (const char *) buf, p - buf,
+                             &state) == p - buf
+                  && (__wcrtomb ((char *) buf, towlower (wc), &state)
+                      != (size_t) -1))
+                re_set_fastmap (fastmap, 0, buf[0]);
+              re_free (buf);
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+      else if (type == SIMPLE_BRACKET)
+        {
+          int i, ch;
+          for (i = 0, ch = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
+            {
+              int j;
+              bitset_word_t w = dfa->nodes[node].opr.sbcset[i];
+              for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORD_BITS; ++j, ++ch)
+                if (w & ((bitset_word_t) 1 << j))
+                  re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, ch);
+            }
+        }
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      else if (type == COMPLEX_BRACKET)
+        {
+          re_charset_t *cset = dfa->nodes[node].opr.mbcset;
+          int i;
+
+# ifdef _LIBC
+          /* See if we have to try all bytes which start multiple collation
+             elements.
+             e.g. In da_DK, we want to catch 'a' since "aa" is a valid
+                  collation element, and don't catch 'b' since 'b' is
+                  the only collation element which starts from 'b' (and
+                  it is caught by SIMPLE_BRACKET).  */
+              if (_NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES) != 0
+                  && (cset->ncoll_syms || cset->nranges))
+                {
+                  const int32_t *table = (const int32_t *)
+                    _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_TABLEMB);
+                  for (i = 0; i < SBC_MAX; ++i)
+                    if (table[i] < 0)
+                      re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, i);
+                }
+# endif /* _LIBC */
+
+          /* See if we have to start the match at all multibyte characters,
+             i.e. where we would not find an invalid sequence.  This only
+             applies to multibyte character sets; for single byte character
+             sets, the SIMPLE_BRACKET again suffices.  */
+          if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1
+              && (cset->nchar_classes || cset->non_match || cset->nranges
+# ifdef _LIBC
+                  || cset->nequiv_classes
+# endif /* _LIBC */
+                 ))
+            {
+              unsigned char c = 0;
+              do
+                {
+                  mbstate_t mbs;
+                  memset (&mbs, 0, sizeof (mbs));
+                  if (__mbrtowc (NULL, (char *) &c, 1, &mbs) == (size_t) -2)
+                    re_set_fastmap (fastmap, false, (int) c);
+                }
+              while (++c != 0);
+            }
+
+          else
+            {
+              /* ... Else catch all bytes which can start the mbchars.  */
+              for (i = 0; i < cset->nmbchars; ++i)
+                {
+                  char buf[256];
+                  mbstate_t state;
+                  memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (state));
+                  if (__wcrtomb (buf, cset->mbchars[i], &state) != (size_t) -1)
+                    re_set_fastmap (fastmap, icase, *(unsigned char *) buf);
+                  if ((bufp->syntax & RE_ICASE) && dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+                    {
+                      if (__wcrtomb (buf, towlower (cset->mbchars[i]), &state)
+                          != (size_t) -1)
+                        re_set_fastmap (fastmap, false, *(unsigned char *) buf);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+      else if (type == OP_PERIOD
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+               || type == OP_UTF8_PERIOD
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+               || type == END_OF_RE)
+        {
+          memset (fastmap, '\1', sizeof (char) * SBC_MAX);
+          if (type == END_OF_RE)
+            bufp->can_be_null = 1;
+          return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Entry point for POSIX code.  */
+/* regcomp takes a regular expression as a string and compiles it.
+
+   PREG is a regex_t *.  We do not expect any fields to be initialized,
+   since POSIX says we shouldn't.  Thus, we set
+
+     `buffer' to the compiled pattern;
+     `used' to the length of the compiled pattern;
+     `syntax' to RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED if the
+       REG_EXTENDED bit in CFLAGS is set; otherwise, to
+       RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC;
+     `newline_anchor' to REG_NEWLINE being set in CFLAGS;
+     `fastmap' to an allocated space for the fastmap;
+     `fastmap_accurate' to zero;
+     `re_nsub' to the number of subexpressions in PATTERN.
+
+   PATTERN is the address of the pattern string.
+
+   CFLAGS is a series of bits which affect compilation.
+
+     If REG_EXTENDED is set, we use POSIX extended syntax; otherwise, we
+     use POSIX basic syntax.
+
+     If REG_NEWLINE is set, then . and [^...] don't match newline.
+     Also, regexec will try a match beginning after every newline.
+
+     If REG_ICASE is set, then we considers upper- and lowercase
+     versions of letters to be equivalent when matching.
+
+     If REG_NOSUB is set, then when PREG is passed to regexec, that
+     routine will report only success or failure, and nothing about the
+     registers.
+
+   It returns 0 if it succeeds, nonzero if it doesn't.  (See regex.h for
+   the return codes and their meanings.)  */
+
+int
+regcomp (regex_t *__restrict preg,
+         const char *__restrict pattern,
+         int cflags)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  reg_syntax_t syntax = ((cflags & REG_EXTENDED) ? RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED
+                         : RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC);
+
+  preg->buffer = NULL;
+  preg->allocated = 0;
+  preg->used = 0;
+
+  /* Try to allocate space for the fastmap.  */
+  preg->fastmap = re_malloc (char, SBC_MAX);
+  if (BE (preg->fastmap == NULL, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+
+  syntax |= (cflags & REG_ICASE) ? RE_ICASE : 0;
+
+  /* If REG_NEWLINE is set, newlines are treated differently.  */
+  if (cflags & REG_NEWLINE)
+    { /* REG_NEWLINE implies neither . nor [^...] match newline.  */
+      syntax &= ~RE_DOT_NEWLINE;
+      syntax |= RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE;
+      /* It also changes the matching behavior.  */
+      preg->newline_anchor = 1;
+    }
+  else
+    preg->newline_anchor = 0;
+  preg->no_sub = !!(cflags & REG_NOSUB);
+  preg->translate = NULL;
+
+  ret = re_compile_internal (preg, pattern, strlen (pattern), syntax);
+
+  /* POSIX doesn't distinguish between an unmatched open-group and an
+     unmatched close-group: both are REG_EPAREN.  */
+  if (ret == REG_ERPAREN)
+    ret = REG_EPAREN;
+
+  /* We have already checked preg->fastmap != NULL.  */
+  if (BE (ret == REG_NOERROR, 1))
+    /* Compute the fastmap now, since regexec cannot modify the pattern
+       buffer.  This function never fails in this implementation.  */
+    (void) re_compile_fastmap (preg);
+  else
+    {
+      /* Some error occurred while compiling the expression.  */
+      re_free (preg->fastmap);
+      preg->fastmap = NULL;
+    }
+
+  return (int) ret;
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__regcomp, regcomp)
+#endif
+
+/* Returns a message corresponding to an error code, ERRCODE, returned
+   from either regcomp or regexec.   We don't use PREG here.  */
+
+size_t
+regerror(int errcode, UNUSED_PARAM const regex_t *__restrict preg,
+         char *__restrict errbuf, size_t errbuf_size)
+{
+  const char *msg;
+  size_t msg_size;
+
+  if (BE (errcode < 0
+          || errcode >= (int) (sizeof (__re_error_msgid_idx)
+                               / sizeof (__re_error_msgid_idx[0])), 0))
+    /* Only error codes returned by the rest of the code should be passed
+       to this routine.  If we are given anything else, or if other regex
+       code generates an invalid error code, then the program has a bug.
+       Dump core so we can fix it.  */
+    abort ();
+
+  msg = gettext (__re_error_msgid + __re_error_msgid_idx[errcode]);
+
+  msg_size = strlen (msg) + 1; /* Includes the null.  */
+
+  if (BE (errbuf_size != 0, 1))
+    {
+      if (BE (msg_size > errbuf_size, 0))
+        {
+          memcpy (errbuf, msg, errbuf_size - 1);
+          errbuf[errbuf_size - 1] = 0;
+        }
+      else
+        memcpy (errbuf, msg, msg_size);
+    }
+
+  return msg_size;
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__regerror, regerror)
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+/* This static array is used for the map to single-byte characters when
+   UTF-8 is used.  Otherwise we would allocate memory just to initialize
+   it the same all the time.  UTF-8 is the preferred encoding so this is
+   a worthwhile optimization.  */
+#if __GNUC__ >= 3
+static const bitset_t utf8_sb_map = {
+  /* Set the first 128 bits.  */
+  [0 ... 0x80 / BITSET_WORD_BITS - 1] = BITSET_WORD_MAX
+};
+#else /* ! (__GNUC__ >= 3) */
+static bitset_t utf8_sb_map;
+#endif /* __GNUC__ >= 3 */
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+
+static void
+free_dfa_content (re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  int i, j;
+
+  if (dfa->nodes)
+    for (i = 0; i < dfa->nodes_len; ++i)
+      free_token (dfa->nodes + i);
+  re_free (dfa->nexts);
+  for (i = 0; i < dfa->nodes_len; ++i)
+    {
+      if (dfa->eclosures != NULL)
+        re_node_set_free (dfa->eclosures + i);
+      if (dfa->inveclosures != NULL)
+        re_node_set_free (dfa->inveclosures + i);
+      if (dfa->edests != NULL)
+        re_node_set_free (dfa->edests + i);
+    }
+  re_free (dfa->edests);
+  re_free (dfa->eclosures);
+  re_free (dfa->inveclosures);
+  re_free (dfa->nodes);
+
+  if (dfa->state_table)
+    for (i = 0; i <= dfa->state_hash_mask; ++i)
+      {
+        struct re_state_table_entry *entry = dfa->state_table + i;
+        for (j = 0; j < entry->num; ++j)
+          {
+            re_dfastate_t *state = entry->array[j];
+            free_state (state);
+          }
+        re_free (entry->array);
+      }
+  re_free (dfa->state_table);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (dfa->sb_char != utf8_sb_map)
+    re_free (dfa->sb_char);
+#endif
+  re_free (dfa->subexp_map);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  re_free (dfa->re_str);
+#endif
+
+  re_free (dfa);
+}
+
+
+/* Free dynamically allocated space used by PREG.  */
+
+void
+regfree (regex_t *preg)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  if (BE (dfa != NULL, 1))
+    free_dfa_content (dfa);
+  preg->buffer = NULL;
+  preg->allocated = 0;
+
+  re_free (preg->fastmap);
+  preg->fastmap = NULL;
+
+  re_free (preg->translate);
+  preg->translate = NULL;
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__regfree, regfree)
+#endif
+
+/* Entry points compatible with 4.2 BSD regex library.  We don't define
+   them unless specifically requested.  */
+
+#if defined _REGEX_RE_COMP || defined _LIBC
+
+/* BSD has one and only one pattern buffer.  */
+static struct re_pattern_buffer re_comp_buf;
+
+char *
+# ifdef _LIBC
+/* Make these definitions weak in libc, so POSIX programs can redefine
+   these names if they don't use our functions, and still use
+   regcomp/regexec above without link errors.  */
+weak_function
+# endif
+re_comp (s)
+     const char *s;
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  char *fastmap;
+
+  if (!s)
+    {
+      if (!re_comp_buf.buffer)
+        return gettext ("No previous regular expression");
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  if (re_comp_buf.buffer)
+    {
+      fastmap = re_comp_buf.fastmap;
+      re_comp_buf.fastmap = NULL;
+      __regfree (&re_comp_buf);
+      memset (&re_comp_buf, '\0', sizeof (re_comp_buf));
+      re_comp_buf.fastmap = fastmap;
+    }
+
+  if (re_comp_buf.fastmap == NULL)
+    {
+      re_comp_buf.fastmap = (char *) malloc (SBC_MAX);
+      if (re_comp_buf.fastmap == NULL)
+        return (char *) gettext (__re_error_msgid
+                                 + __re_error_msgid_idx[(int) REG_ESPACE]);
+    }
+
+  /* Since `re_exec' always passes NULL for the `regs' argument, we
+     don't need to initialize the pattern buffer fields which affect it.  */
+
+  /* Match anchors at newlines.  */
+  re_comp_buf.newline_anchor = 1;
+
+  ret = re_compile_internal (&re_comp_buf, s, strlen (s), re_syntax_options);
+
+  if (!ret)
+    return NULL;
+
+  /* Yes, we're discarding `const' here if !HAVE_LIBINTL.  */
+  return (char *) gettext (__re_error_msgid + __re_error_msgid_idx[(int) ret]);
+}
+
+#ifdef _LIBC
+libc_freeres_fn (free_mem)
+{
+  __regfree (&re_comp_buf);
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _REGEX_RE_COMP */
+
+/* Internal entry point.
+   Compile the regular expression PATTERN, whose length is LENGTH.
+   SYNTAX indicate regular expression's syntax.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+re_compile_internal (regex_t *preg, const char * pattern, size_t length,
+                     reg_syntax_t syntax)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
+  re_dfa_t *dfa;
+  re_string_t regexp;
+
+  /* Initialize the pattern buffer.  */
+  preg->fastmap_accurate = 0;
+  preg->syntax = syntax;
+  preg->not_bol = preg->not_eol = 0;
+  preg->used = 0;
+  preg->re_nsub = 0;
+  preg->can_be_null = 0;
+  preg->regs_allocated = REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+
+  /* Initialize the dfa.  */
+  dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  if (BE (preg->allocated < sizeof (re_dfa_t), 0))
+    {
+      /* If zero allocated, but buffer is non-null, try to realloc
+         enough space.  This loses if buffer's address is bogus, but
+         that is the user's responsibility.  If ->buffer is NULL this
+         is a simple allocation.  */
+      dfa = re_realloc (preg->buffer, re_dfa_t, 1);
+      if (dfa == NULL)
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      preg->allocated = sizeof (re_dfa_t);
+      preg->buffer = (unsigned char *) dfa;
+    }
+  preg->used = sizeof (re_dfa_t);
+
+  err = init_dfa (dfa, length);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+      free_dfa_content (dfa);
+      preg->buffer = NULL;
+      preg->allocated = 0;
+      return err;
+    }
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  /* Note: length+1 will not overflow since it is checked in init_dfa.  */
+  dfa->re_str = re_malloc (char, length + 1);
+  strncpy (dfa->re_str, pattern, length + 1);
+#endif
+
+  __libc_lock_init (dfa->lock);
+
+  err = re_string_construct (&regexp, pattern, length, preg->translate,
+                             syntax & RE_ICASE, dfa);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+    re_compile_internal_free_return:
+      free_workarea_compile (preg);
+      re_string_destruct (&regexp);
+      free_dfa_content (dfa);
+      preg->buffer = NULL;
+      preg->allocated = 0;
+      return err;
+    }
+
+  /* Parse the regular expression, and build a structure tree.  */
+  preg->re_nsub = 0;
+  dfa->str_tree = parse (&regexp, preg, syntax, &err);
+  if (BE (dfa->str_tree == NULL, 0))
+    goto re_compile_internal_free_return;
+
+  /* Analyze the tree and create the nfa.  */
+  err = analyze (preg);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    goto re_compile_internal_free_return;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  /* If possible, do searching in single byte encoding to speed things up.  */
+  if (dfa->is_utf8 && !(syntax & RE_ICASE) && preg->translate == NULL)
+    optimize_utf8 (dfa);
+#endif
+
+  /* Then create the initial state of the dfa.  */
+  err = create_initial_state (dfa);
+
+  /* Release work areas.  */
+  free_workarea_compile (preg);
+  re_string_destruct (&regexp);
+
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+      free_dfa_content (dfa);
+      preg->buffer = NULL;
+      preg->allocated = 0;
+    }
+
+  return err;
+}
+
+/* Initialize DFA.  We use the length of the regular expression PAT_LEN
+   as the initial length of some arrays.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+init_dfa (re_dfa_t *dfa, size_t pat_len)
+{
+  unsigned int table_size;
+#ifndef _LIBC
+  const char *codeset_name;
+#endif
+
+  memset (dfa, '\0', sizeof (re_dfa_t));
+
+  /* Force allocation of str_tree_storage the first time.  */
+  dfa->str_tree_storage_idx = BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE;
+
+  /* Avoid overflows.  */
+  if (pat_len == SIZE_MAX)
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+
+  dfa->nodes_alloc = pat_len + 1;
+  dfa->nodes = re_malloc (re_token_t, dfa->nodes_alloc);
+
+  /*  table_size = 2 ^ ceil(log pat_len) */
+  for (table_size = 1; ; table_size <<= 1)
+    if (table_size > pat_len)
+      break;
+
+  dfa->state_table = calloc (sizeof (struct re_state_table_entry), table_size);
+  dfa->state_hash_mask = table_size - 1;
+
+  dfa->mb_cur_max = MB_CUR_MAX;
+#ifdef _LIBC
+  if (dfa->mb_cur_max == 6
+      && strcmp (_NL_CURRENT (LC_CTYPE, _NL_CTYPE_CODESET_NAME), "UTF-8") == 0)
+    dfa->is_utf8 = 1;
+  dfa->map_notascii = (_NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_CTYPE, _NL_CTYPE_MAP_TO_NONASCII)
+                       != 0);
+#else
+# ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
+  codeset_name = nl_langinfo (CODESET);
+# else
+  codeset_name = getenv ("LC_ALL");
+  if (codeset_name == NULL || codeset_name[0] == '\0')
+    codeset_name = getenv ("LC_CTYPE");
+  if (codeset_name == NULL || codeset_name[0] == '\0')
+    codeset_name = getenv ("LANG");
+  if (codeset_name == NULL)
+    codeset_name = "";
+  else if (strchr (codeset_name, '.') !=  NULL)
+    codeset_name = strchr (codeset_name, '.') + 1;
+# endif
+
+  /* strcasecmp isn't a standard interface. brute force check */
+#if 0
+  if (strcasecmp (codeset_name, "UTF-8") == 0
+      || strcasecmp (codeset_name, "UTF8") == 0)
+    dfa->is_utf8 = 1;
+#else
+  if (   (codeset_name[0] == 'U' || codeset_name[0] == 'u')
+      && (codeset_name[1] == 'T' || codeset_name[1] == 't')
+      && (codeset_name[2] == 'F' || codeset_name[2] == 'f')
+      && (codeset_name[3] == '-'
+          ? codeset_name[4] == '8' && codeset_name[5] == '\0'
+          : codeset_name[3] == '8' && codeset_name[4] == '\0'))
+    dfa->is_utf8 = 1;
+#endif
+
+  /* We check exhaustively in the loop below if this charset is a
+     superset of ASCII.  */
+  dfa->map_notascii = 0;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    {
+      if (dfa->is_utf8)
+        {
+#if !defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 3
+          static short utf8_sb_map_inited = 0;
+
+          if (! utf8_sb_map_inited)
+            {
+                int i;
+
+                utf8_sb_map_inited = 0;
+                for (i = 0; i <= 0x80 / BITSET_WORD_BITS - 1; i++)
+                  utf8_sb_map[i] = BITSET_WORD_MAX;
+            }
+#endif
+          dfa->sb_char = (re_bitset_ptr_t) utf8_sb_map;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          int i, j, ch;
+
+          dfa->sb_char = (re_bitset_ptr_t) calloc (sizeof (bitset_t), 1);
+          if (BE (dfa->sb_char == NULL, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+
+          /* Set the bits corresponding to single byte chars.  */
+          for (i = 0, ch = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
+            for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORD_BITS; ++j, ++ch)
+              {
+                wint_t wch = __btowc (ch);
+                if (wch != WEOF)
+                  dfa->sb_char[i] |= (bitset_word_t) 1 << j;
+# ifndef _LIBC
+                if (isascii (ch) && wch != ch)
+                  dfa->map_notascii = 1;
+# endif
+              }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+  if (BE (dfa->nodes == NULL || dfa->state_table == NULL, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Initialize WORD_CHAR table, which indicate which character is
+   "word".  In this case "word" means that it is the word construction
+   character used by some operators like "\<", "\>", etc.  */
+
+static void
+internal_function
+init_word_char (re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  int i, j, ch;
+  dfa->word_ops_used = 1;
+  for (i = 0, ch = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
+    for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORD_BITS; ++j, ++ch)
+      if (isalnum (ch) || ch == '_')
+        dfa->word_char[i] |= (bitset_word_t) 1 << j;
+}
+
+/* Free the work area which are only used while compiling.  */
+
+static void
+free_workarea_compile (regex_t *preg)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  bin_tree_storage_t *storage, *next;
+  for (storage = dfa->str_tree_storage; storage; storage = next)
+    {
+      next = storage->next;
+      re_free (storage);
+    }
+  dfa->str_tree_storage = NULL;
+  dfa->str_tree_storage_idx = BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE;
+  dfa->str_tree = NULL;
+  re_free (dfa->org_indices);
+  dfa->org_indices = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Create initial states for all contexts.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+create_initial_state (re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  int first, i;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  re_node_set init_nodes;
+
+  /* Initial states have the epsilon closure of the node which is
+     the first node of the regular expression.  */
+  first = dfa->str_tree->first->node_idx;
+  dfa->init_node = first;
+  err = re_node_set_init_copy (&init_nodes, dfa->eclosures + first);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return err;
+
+  /* The back-references which are in initial states can epsilon transit,
+     since in this case all of the subexpressions can be null.
+     Then we add epsilon closures of the nodes which are the next nodes of
+     the back-references.  */
+  if (dfa->nbackref > 0)
+    for (i = 0; i < init_nodes.nelem; ++i)
+      {
+        int node_idx = init_nodes.elems[i];
+        re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node_idx].type;
+
+        int clexp_idx;
+        if (type != OP_BACK_REF)
+          continue;
+        for (clexp_idx = 0; clexp_idx < init_nodes.nelem; ++clexp_idx)
+          {
+            re_token_t *clexp_node;
+            clexp_node = dfa->nodes + init_nodes.elems[clexp_idx];
+            if (clexp_node->type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP
+                && clexp_node->opr.idx == dfa->nodes[node_idx].opr.idx)
+              break;
+          }
+        if (clexp_idx == init_nodes.nelem)
+          continue;
+
+        if (type == OP_BACK_REF)
+          {
+            int dest_idx = dfa->edests[node_idx].elems[0];
+            if (!re_node_set_contains (&init_nodes, dest_idx))
+              {
+                err = re_node_set_merge (&init_nodes,
+                                         dfa->eclosures + dest_idx);
+                if (err != REG_NOERROR)
+                  return err;
+                i = 0;
+              }
+          }
+      }
+
+  /* It must be the first time to invoke acquire_state.  */
+  dfa->init_state = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &init_nodes, 0);
+  /* We don't check ERR here, since the initial state must not be NULL.  */
+  if (BE (dfa->init_state == NULL, 0))
+    return err;
+  if (dfa->init_state->has_constraint)
+    {
+      dfa->init_state_word = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &init_nodes,
+                                                       CONTEXT_WORD);
+      dfa->init_state_nl = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &init_nodes,
+                                                     CONTEXT_NEWLINE);
+      dfa->init_state_begbuf = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa,
+                                                         &init_nodes,
+                                                         CONTEXT_NEWLINE
+                                                         | CONTEXT_BEGBUF);
+      if (BE (dfa->init_state_word == NULL || dfa->init_state_nl == NULL
+              || dfa->init_state_begbuf == NULL, 0))
+        return err;
+    }
+  else
+    dfa->init_state_word = dfa->init_state_nl
+      = dfa->init_state_begbuf = dfa->init_state;
+
+  re_node_set_free (&init_nodes);
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+/* If it is possible to do searching in single byte encoding instead of UTF-8
+   to speed things up, set dfa->mb_cur_max to 1, clear is_utf8 and change
+   DFA nodes where needed.  */
+
+static void
+optimize_utf8 (re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  int node, i, mb_chars = 0, has_period = 0;
+
+  for (node = 0; node < dfa->nodes_len; ++node)
+    switch (dfa->nodes[node].type)
+      {
+      case CHARACTER:
+        if (dfa->nodes[node].opr.c >= 0x80)
+          mb_chars = 1;
+        break;
+      case ANCHOR:
+        switch (dfa->nodes[node].opr.ctx_type)
+          {
+          case LINE_FIRST:
+          case LINE_LAST:
+          case BUF_FIRST:
+          case BUF_LAST:
+            break;
+          default:
+            /* Word anchors etc. cannot be handled.  It's okay to test
+               opr.ctx_type since constraints (for all DFA nodes) are
+               created by ORing one or more opr.ctx_type values.  */
+            return;
+          }
+        break;
+      case OP_PERIOD:
+        has_period = 1;
+        break;
+      case OP_BACK_REF:
+      case OP_ALT:
+      case END_OF_RE:
+      case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
+      case OP_OPEN_SUBEXP:
+      case OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP:
+        break;
+      case COMPLEX_BRACKET:
+        return;
+      case SIMPLE_BRACKET:
+        /* Just double check.  The non-ASCII range starts at 0x80.  */
+        assert (0x80 % BITSET_WORD_BITS == 0);
+        for (i = 0x80 / BITSET_WORD_BITS; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
+          if (dfa->nodes[node].opr.sbcset[i])
+            return;
+        break;
+      default:
+        abort ();
+      }
+
+  if (mb_chars || has_period)
+    for (node = 0; node < dfa->nodes_len; ++node)
+      {
+        if (dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
+            && dfa->nodes[node].opr.c >= 0x80)
+          dfa->nodes[node].mb_partial = 0;
+        else if (dfa->nodes[node].type == OP_PERIOD)
+          dfa->nodes[node].type = OP_UTF8_PERIOD;
+      }
+
+  /* The search can be in single byte locale.  */
+  dfa->mb_cur_max = 1;
+  dfa->is_utf8 = 0;
+  dfa->has_mb_node = dfa->nbackref > 0 || has_period;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Analyze the structure tree, and calculate "first", "next", "edest",
+   "eclosure", and "inveclosure".  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+analyze (regex_t *preg)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+
+  /* Allocate arrays.  */
+  dfa->nexts = re_malloc (int, dfa->nodes_alloc);
+  dfa->org_indices = re_malloc (int, dfa->nodes_alloc);
+  dfa->edests = re_malloc (re_node_set, dfa->nodes_alloc);
+  dfa->eclosures = re_malloc (re_node_set, dfa->nodes_alloc);
+  if (BE (dfa->nexts == NULL || dfa->org_indices == NULL || dfa->edests == NULL
+          || dfa->eclosures == NULL, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+
+  dfa->subexp_map = re_malloc (int, preg->re_nsub);
+  if (dfa->subexp_map != NULL)
+    {
+      int i;
+      for (i = 0; i < preg->re_nsub; i++)
+        dfa->subexp_map[i] = i;
+      preorder (dfa->str_tree, optimize_subexps, dfa);
+      for (i = 0; i < preg->re_nsub; i++)
+        if (dfa->subexp_map[i] != i)
+          break;
+      if (i == preg->re_nsub)
+        {
+          free (dfa->subexp_map);
+          dfa->subexp_map = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+  ret = postorder (dfa->str_tree, lower_subexps, preg);
+  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return ret;
+  ret = postorder (dfa->str_tree, calc_first, dfa);
+  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return ret;
+  preorder (dfa->str_tree, calc_next, dfa);
+  ret = preorder (dfa->str_tree, link_nfa_nodes, dfa);
+  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return ret;
+  ret = calc_eclosure (dfa);
+  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return ret;
+
+  /* We only need this during the prune_impossible_nodes pass in regexec.c;
+     skip it if p_i_n will not run, as calc_inveclosure can be quadratic.  */
+  if ((!preg->no_sub && preg->re_nsub > 0 && dfa->has_plural_match)
+      || dfa->nbackref)
+    {
+      dfa->inveclosures = re_malloc (re_node_set, dfa->nodes_len);
+      if (BE (dfa->inveclosures == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      ret = calc_inveclosure (dfa);
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Our parse trees are very unbalanced, so we cannot use a stack to
+   implement parse tree visits.  Instead, we use parent pointers and
+   some hairy code in these two functions.  */
+static reg_errcode_t
+postorder (bin_tree_t *root, reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
+           void *extra)
+{
+  bin_tree_t *node, *prev;
+
+  for (node = root; ; )
+    {
+      /* Descend down the tree, preferably to the left (or to the right
+         if that's the only child).  */
+      while (node->left || node->right)
+        if (node->left)
+          node = node->left;
+        else
+          node = node->right;
+
+      do
+        {
+          reg_errcode_t err = fn (extra, node);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+          if (node->parent == NULL)
+            return REG_NOERROR;
+          prev = node;
+          node = node->parent;
+        }
+      /* Go up while we have a node that is reached from the right.  */
+      while (node->right == prev || node->right == NULL);
+      node = node->right;
+    }
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+preorder (bin_tree_t *root, reg_errcode_t (fn (void *, bin_tree_t *)),
+          void *extra)
+{
+  bin_tree_t *node;
+
+  for (node = root; ; )
+    {
+      reg_errcode_t err = fn (extra, node);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+
+      /* Go to the left node, or up and to the right.  */
+      if (node->left)
+        node = node->left;
+      else
+        {
+          bin_tree_t *prev = NULL;
+          while (node->right == prev || node->right == NULL)
+            {
+              prev = node;
+              node = node->parent;
+              if (!node)
+                return REG_NOERROR;
+            }
+          node = node->right;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Optimization pass: if a SUBEXP is entirely contained, strip it and tell
+   re_search_internal to map the inner one's opr.idx to this one's.  Adjust
+   backreferences as well.  Requires a preorder visit.  */
+static reg_errcode_t
+optimize_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) extra;
+
+  if (node->token.type == OP_BACK_REF && dfa->subexp_map)
+    {
+      int idx = node->token.opr.idx;
+      node->token.opr.idx = dfa->subexp_map[idx];
+      dfa->used_bkref_map |= 1 << node->token.opr.idx;
+    }
+
+  else if (node->token.type == SUBEXP
+           && node->left && node->left->token.type == SUBEXP)
+    {
+      int other_idx = node->left->token.opr.idx;
+
+      node->left = node->left->left;
+      if (node->left)
+        node->left->parent = node;
+
+      dfa->subexp_map[other_idx] = dfa->subexp_map[node->token.opr.idx];
+      if (other_idx < BITSET_WORD_BITS)
+          dfa->used_bkref_map &= ~((bitset_word_t) 1 << other_idx);
+    }
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Lowering pass: Turn each SUBEXP node into the appropriate concatenation
+   of OP_OPEN_SUBEXP, the body of the SUBEXP (if any) and OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP.  */
+static reg_errcode_t
+lower_subexps (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  regex_t *preg = (regex_t *) extra;
+  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
+
+  if (node->left && node->left->token.type == SUBEXP)
+    {
+      node->left = lower_subexp (&err, preg, node->left);
+      if (node->left)
+        node->left->parent = node;
+    }
+  if (node->right && node->right->token.type == SUBEXP)
+    {
+      node->right = lower_subexp (&err, preg, node->right);
+      if (node->right)
+        node->right->parent = node;
+    }
+
+  return err;
+}
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+lower_subexp (reg_errcode_t *err, regex_t *preg, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  bin_tree_t *body = node->left;
+  bin_tree_t *op, *cls, *tree1, *tree;
+
+  if (preg->no_sub
+      /* We do not optimize empty subexpressions, because otherwise we may
+         have bad CONCAT nodes with NULL children.  This is obviously not
+         very common, so we do not lose much.  An example that triggers
+         this case is the sed "script" /\(\)/x.  */
+      && node->left != NULL
+      && (node->token.opr.idx >= BITSET_WORD_BITS
+          || !(dfa->used_bkref_map
+               & ((bitset_word_t) 1 << node->token.opr.idx))))
+    return node->left;
+
+  /* Convert the SUBEXP node to the concatenation of an
+     OP_OPEN_SUBEXP, the contents, and an OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP.  */
+  op = create_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, OP_OPEN_SUBEXP);
+  cls = create_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP);
+  tree1 = body ? create_tree (dfa, body, cls, CONCAT) : cls;
+  tree = create_tree (dfa, op, tree1, CONCAT);
+  if (BE (tree == NULL || tree1 == NULL || op == NULL || cls == NULL, 0))
+    {
+      *err = REG_ESPACE;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  op->token.opr.idx = cls->token.opr.idx = node->token.opr.idx;
+  op->token.opt_subexp = cls->token.opt_subexp = node->token.opt_subexp;
+  return tree;
+}
+
+/* Pass 1 in building the NFA: compute FIRST and create unlinked automaton
+   nodes.  Requires a postorder visit.  */
+static reg_errcode_t
+calc_first (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) extra;
+  if (node->token.type == CONCAT)
+    {
+      node->first = node->left->first;
+      node->node_idx = node->left->node_idx;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      node->first = node;
+      node->node_idx = re_dfa_add_node (dfa, node->token);
+      if (BE (node->node_idx == -1, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      if (node->token.type == ANCHOR)
+        dfa->nodes[node->node_idx].constraint = node->token.opr.ctx_type;
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Pass 2: compute NEXT on the tree.  Preorder visit.  */
+static reg_errcode_t
+calc_next (UNUSED_PARAM void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  switch (node->token.type)
+    {
+    case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
+      node->left->next = node;
+      break;
+    case CONCAT:
+      node->left->next = node->right->first;
+      node->right->next = node->next;
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (node->left)
+        node->left->next = node->next;
+      if (node->right)
+        node->right->next = node->next;
+      break;
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Pass 3: link all DFA nodes to their NEXT node (any order will do).  */
+static reg_errcode_t
+link_nfa_nodes (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) extra;
+  int idx = node->node_idx;
+  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
+
+  switch (node->token.type)
+    {
+    case CONCAT:
+      break;
+
+    case END_OF_RE:
+      assert (node->next == NULL);
+      break;
+
+    case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
+    case OP_ALT:
+      {
+        int left, right;
+        dfa->has_plural_match = 1;
+        if (node->left != NULL)
+          left = node->left->first->node_idx;
+        else
+          left = node->next->node_idx;
+        if (node->right != NULL)
+          right = node->right->first->node_idx;
+        else
+          right = node->next->node_idx;
+        assert (left > -1);
+        assert (right > -1);
+        err = re_node_set_init_2 (dfa->edests + idx, left, right);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case ANCHOR:
+    case OP_OPEN_SUBEXP:
+    case OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP:
+      err = re_node_set_init_1 (dfa->edests + idx, node->next->node_idx);
+      break;
+
+    case OP_BACK_REF:
+      dfa->nexts[idx] = node->next->node_idx;
+      if (node->token.type == OP_BACK_REF)
+        err = re_node_set_init_1 (dfa->edests + idx, dfa->nexts[idx]);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      assert (!IS_EPSILON_NODE (node->token.type));
+      dfa->nexts[idx] = node->next->node_idx;
+      break;
+    }
+
+  return err;
+}
+
+/* Duplicate the epsilon closure of the node ROOT_NODE.
+   Note that duplicated nodes have constraint INIT_CONSTRAINT in addition
+   to their own constraint.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+duplicate_node_closure (re_dfa_t *dfa, int top_org_node, int top_clone_node,
+                        int root_node, unsigned int init_constraint)
+{
+  int org_node, clone_node, ret;
+  unsigned int constraint = init_constraint;
+  for (org_node = top_org_node, clone_node = top_clone_node;;)
+    {
+      int org_dest, clone_dest;
+      if (dfa->nodes[org_node].type == OP_BACK_REF)
+        {
+          /* If the back reference epsilon-transit, its destination must
+             also have the constraint.  Then duplicate the epsilon closure
+             of the destination of the back reference, and store it in
+             edests of the back reference.  */
+          org_dest = dfa->nexts[org_node];
+          re_node_set_empty (dfa->edests + clone_node);
+          clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
+          if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+          dfa->nexts[clone_node] = dfa->nexts[org_node];
+          ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
+          if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+      else if (dfa->edests[org_node].nelem == 0)
+        {
+          /* In case of the node can't epsilon-transit, don't duplicate the
+             destination and store the original destination as the
+             destination of the node.  */
+          dfa->nexts[clone_node] = dfa->nexts[org_node];
+          break;
+        }
+      else if (dfa->edests[org_node].nelem == 1)
+        {
+          /* In case of the node can epsilon-transit, and it has only one
+             destination.  */
+          org_dest = dfa->edests[org_node].elems[0];
+          re_node_set_empty (dfa->edests + clone_node);
+          /* If the node is root_node itself, it means the epsilon clsoure
+             has a loop.   Then tie it to the destination of the root_node.  */
+          if (org_node == root_node && clone_node != org_node)
+            {
+              ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, org_dest);
+              if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+              break;
+            }
+          /* In case of the node has another constraint, add it.  */
+          constraint |= dfa->nodes[org_node].constraint;
+          clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
+          if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+          ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
+          if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+      else /* dfa->edests[org_node].nelem == 2 */
+        {
+          /* In case of the node can epsilon-transit, and it has two
+             destinations. In the bin_tree_t and DFA, that's '|' and '*'.   */
+          org_dest = dfa->edests[org_node].elems[0];
+          re_node_set_empty (dfa->edests + clone_node);
+          /* Search for a duplicated node which satisfies the constraint.  */
+          clone_dest = search_duplicated_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
+          if (clone_dest == -1)
+            {
+              /* There is no such duplicated node, create a new one.  */
+              reg_errcode_t err;
+              clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
+              if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+              ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
+              if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+              err = duplicate_node_closure (dfa, org_dest, clone_dest,
+                                            root_node, constraint);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                return err;
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              /* There is a duplicated node which satisfies the constraint,
+                 use it to avoid infinite loop.  */
+              ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
+              if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+            }
+
+          org_dest = dfa->edests[org_node].elems[1];
+          clone_dest = duplicate_node (dfa, org_dest, constraint);
+          if (BE (clone_dest == -1, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+          ret = re_node_set_insert (dfa->edests + clone_node, clone_dest);
+          if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+      org_node = org_dest;
+      clone_node = clone_dest;
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Search for a node which is duplicated from the node ORG_NODE, and
+   satisfies the constraint CONSTRAINT.  */
+
+static int
+search_duplicated_node (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_node,
+                        unsigned int constraint)
+{
+  int idx;
+  for (idx = dfa->nodes_len - 1; dfa->nodes[idx].duplicated && idx > 0; --idx)
+    {
+      if (org_node == dfa->org_indices[idx]
+          && constraint == dfa->nodes[idx].constraint)
+        return idx; /* Found.  */
+    }
+  return -1; /* Not found.  */
+}
+
+/* Duplicate the node whose index is ORG_IDX and set the constraint CONSTRAINT.
+   Return the index of the new node, or -1 if insufficient storage is
+   available.  */
+
+static int
+duplicate_node (re_dfa_t *dfa, int org_idx, unsigned int constraint)
+{
+  int dup_idx = re_dfa_add_node (dfa, dfa->nodes[org_idx]);
+  if (BE (dup_idx != -1, 1))
+    {
+      dfa->nodes[dup_idx].constraint = constraint;
+      dfa->nodes[dup_idx].constraint |= dfa->nodes[org_idx].constraint;
+      dfa->nodes[dup_idx].duplicated = 1;
+
+      /* Store the index of the original node.  */
+      dfa->org_indices[dup_idx] = org_idx;
+    }
+  return dup_idx;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+calc_inveclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  int src, idx, ret;
+  for (idx = 0; idx < dfa->nodes_len; ++idx)
+    re_node_set_init_empty (dfa->inveclosures + idx);
+
+  for (src = 0; src < dfa->nodes_len; ++src)
+    {
+      int *elems = dfa->eclosures[src].elems;
+      for (idx = 0; idx < dfa->eclosures[src].nelem; ++idx)
+        {
+          ret = re_node_set_insert_last (dfa->inveclosures + elems[idx], src);
+          if (BE (ret == -1, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+    }
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Calculate "eclosure" for all the node in DFA.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+calc_eclosure (re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  int node_idx, incomplete;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (dfa->nodes_len > 0);
+#endif
+  incomplete = 0;
+  /* For each nodes, calculate epsilon closure.  */
+  for (node_idx = 0; ; ++node_idx)
+    {
+      reg_errcode_t err;
+      re_node_set eclosure_elem;
+      if (node_idx == dfa->nodes_len)
+        {
+          if (!incomplete)
+            break;
+          incomplete = 0;
+          node_idx = 0;
+        }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      assert (dfa->eclosures[node_idx].nelem != -1);
+#endif
+
+      /* If we have already calculated, skip it.  */
+      if (dfa->eclosures[node_idx].nelem != 0)
+        continue;
+      /* Calculate epsilon closure of `node_idx'.  */
+      err = calc_eclosure_iter (&eclosure_elem, dfa, node_idx, 1);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+
+      if (dfa->eclosures[node_idx].nelem == 0)
+        {
+          incomplete = 1;
+          re_node_set_free (&eclosure_elem);
+        }
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Calculate epsilon closure of NODE.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+calc_eclosure_iter (re_node_set *new_set, re_dfa_t *dfa, int node, int root)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int i;
+  re_node_set eclosure;
+  int ret;
+  int incomplete = 0;
+  err = re_node_set_alloc (&eclosure, dfa->edests[node].nelem + 1);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return err;
+
+  /* This indicates that we are calculating this node now.
+     We reference this value to avoid infinite loop.  */
+  dfa->eclosures[node].nelem = -1;
+
+  /* If the current node has constraints, duplicate all nodes
+     since they must inherit the constraints.  */
+  if (dfa->nodes[node].constraint
+      && dfa->edests[node].nelem
+      && !dfa->nodes[dfa->edests[node].elems[0]].duplicated)
+    {
+      err = duplicate_node_closure (dfa, node, node, node,
+                                    dfa->nodes[node].constraint);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+    }
+
+  /* Expand each epsilon destination nodes.  */
+  if (IS_EPSILON_NODE(dfa->nodes[node].type))
+    for (i = 0; i < dfa->edests[node].nelem; ++i)
+      {
+        re_node_set eclosure_elem;
+        int edest = dfa->edests[node].elems[i];
+        /* If calculating the epsilon closure of `edest' is in progress,
+           return intermediate result.  */
+        if (dfa->eclosures[edest].nelem == -1)
+          {
+            incomplete = 1;
+            continue;
+          }
+        /* If we haven't calculated the epsilon closure of `edest' yet,
+           calculate now. Otherwise use calculated epsilon closure.  */
+        if (dfa->eclosures[edest].nelem == 0)
+          {
+            err = calc_eclosure_iter (&eclosure_elem, dfa, edest, 0);
+            if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+              return err;
+          }
+        else
+          eclosure_elem = dfa->eclosures[edest];
+        /* Merge the epsilon closure of `edest'.  */
+        err = re_node_set_merge (&eclosure, &eclosure_elem);
+        if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+          return err;
+        /* If the epsilon closure of `edest' is incomplete,
+           the epsilon closure of this node is also incomplete.  */
+        if (dfa->eclosures[edest].nelem == 0)
+          {
+            incomplete = 1;
+            re_node_set_free (&eclosure_elem);
+          }
+      }
+
+  /* An epsilon closure includes itself.  */
+  ret = re_node_set_insert (&eclosure, node);
+  if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+  if (incomplete && !root)
+    dfa->eclosures[node].nelem = 0;
+  else
+    dfa->eclosures[node] = eclosure;
+  *new_set = eclosure;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Functions for token which are used in the parser.  */
+
+/* Fetch a token from INPUT.
+   We must not use this function inside bracket expressions.  */
+
+static void
+internal_function
+fetch_token (re_token_t *result, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
+{
+  re_string_skip_bytes (input, peek_token (result, input, syntax));
+}
+
+/* Peek a token from INPUT, and return the length of the token.
+   We must not use this function inside bracket expressions.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+peek_token (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
+{
+  unsigned char c;
+
+  if (re_string_eoi (input))
+    {
+      token->type = END_OF_RE;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  c = re_string_peek_byte (input, 0);
+  token->opr.c = c;
+
+  token->word_char = 0;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  token->mb_partial = 0;
+  if (input->mb_cur_max > 1 &&
+      !re_string_first_byte (input, re_string_cur_idx (input)))
+    {
+      token->type = CHARACTER;
+      token->mb_partial = 1;
+      return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+  if (c == '\\')
+    {
+      unsigned char c2;
+      if (re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 >= re_string_length (input))
+        {
+          token->type = BACK_SLASH;
+          return 1;
+        }
+
+      c2 = re_string_peek_byte_case (input, 1);
+      token->opr.c = c2;
+      token->type = CHARACTER;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (input->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        {
+          wint_t wc = re_string_wchar_at (input,
+                                          re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1);
+          token->word_char = IS_WIDE_WORD_CHAR (wc) != 0;
+        }
+      else
+#endif
+        token->word_char = IS_WORD_CHAR (c2) != 0;
+
+      switch (c2)
+        {
+        case '|':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && !(syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR))
+            token->type = OP_ALT;
+          break;
+        case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5':
+        case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_REFS))
+            {
+              token->type = OP_BACK_REF;
+              token->opr.idx = c2 - '1';
+            }
+          break;
+        case '<':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            {
+              token->type = ANCHOR;
+              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_FIRST;
+            }
+          break;
+        case '>':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            {
+              token->type = ANCHOR;
+              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_LAST;
+            }
+          break;
+        case 'b':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            {
+              token->type = ANCHOR;
+              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_DELIM;
+            }
+          break;
+        case 'B':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            {
+              token->type = ANCHOR;
+              token->opr.ctx_type = NOT_WORD_DELIM;
+            }
+          break;
+        case 'w':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            token->type = OP_WORD;
+          break;
+        case 'W':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            token->type = OP_NOTWORD;
+          break;
+        case 's':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            token->type = OP_SPACE;
+          break;
+        case 'S':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            token->type = OP_NOTSPACE;
+          break;
+        case '`':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            {
+              token->type = ANCHOR;
+              token->opr.ctx_type = BUF_FIRST;
+            }
+          break;
+        case '\'':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_GNU_OPS))
+            {
+              token->type = ANCHOR;
+              token->opr.ctx_type = BUF_LAST;
+            }
+          break;
+        case '(':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS))
+            token->type = OP_OPEN_SUBEXP;
+          break;
+        case ')':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS))
+            token->type = OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP;
+          break;
+        case '+':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && (syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
+            token->type = OP_DUP_PLUS;
+          break;
+        case '?':
+          if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && (syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
+            token->type = OP_DUP_QUESTION;
+          break;
+        case '{':
+          if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)))
+            token->type = OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM;
+          break;
+        case '}':
+          if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (!(syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES)))
+            token->type = OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM;
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+        }
+      return 2;
+    }
+
+  token->type = CHARACTER;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (input->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    {
+      wint_t wc = re_string_wchar_at (input, re_string_cur_idx (input));
+      token->word_char = IS_WIDE_WORD_CHAR (wc) != 0;
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    token->word_char = IS_WORD_CHAR (token->opr.c);
+
+  switch (c)
+    {
+    case '\n':
+      if (syntax & RE_NEWLINE_ALT)
+        token->type = OP_ALT;
+      break;
+    case '|':
+      if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_VBAR))
+        token->type = OP_ALT;
+      break;
+    case '*':
+      token->type = OP_DUP_ASTERISK;
+      break;
+    case '+':
+      if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && !(syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
+        token->type = OP_DUP_PLUS;
+      break;
+    case '?':
+      if (!(syntax & RE_LIMITED_OPS) && !(syntax & RE_BK_PLUS_QM))
+        token->type = OP_DUP_QUESTION;
+      break;
+    case '{':
+      if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES))
+        token->type = OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM;
+      break;
+    case '}':
+      if ((syntax & RE_INTERVALS) && (syntax & RE_NO_BK_BRACES))
+        token->type = OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM;
+      break;
+    case '(':
+      if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS)
+        token->type = OP_OPEN_SUBEXP;
+      break;
+    case ')':
+      if (syntax & RE_NO_BK_PARENS)
+        token->type = OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP;
+      break;
+    case '[':
+      token->type = OP_OPEN_BRACKET;
+      break;
+    case '.':
+      token->type = OP_PERIOD;
+      break;
+    case '^':
+      if (!(syntax & (RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE)) &&
+          re_string_cur_idx (input) != 0)
+        {
+          char prev = re_string_peek_byte (input, -1);
+          if (!(syntax & RE_NEWLINE_ALT) || prev != '\n')
+            break;
+        }
+      token->type = ANCHOR;
+      token->opr.ctx_type = LINE_FIRST;
+      break;
+    case '$':
+      if (!(syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS) &&
+          re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 != re_string_length (input))
+        {
+          re_token_t next;
+          re_string_skip_bytes (input, 1);
+          peek_token (&next, input, syntax);
+          re_string_skip_bytes (input, -1);
+          if (next.type != OP_ALT && next.type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP)
+            break;
+        }
+      token->type = ANCHOR;
+      token->opr.ctx_type = LINE_LAST;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Peek a token from INPUT, and return the length of the token.
+   We must not use this function out of bracket expressions.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+peek_token_bracket (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
+{
+  unsigned char c;
+  if (re_string_eoi (input))
+    {
+      token->type = END_OF_RE;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  c = re_string_peek_byte (input, 0);
+  token->opr.c = c;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (input->mb_cur_max > 1 &&
+      !re_string_first_byte (input, re_string_cur_idx (input)))
+    {
+      token->type = CHARACTER;
+      return 1;
+    }
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+  if (c == '\\' && (syntax & RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS)
+      && re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 < re_string_length (input))
+    {
+      /* In this case, '\' escape a character.  */
+      unsigned char c2;
+      re_string_skip_bytes (input, 1);
+      c2 = re_string_peek_byte (input, 0);
+      token->opr.c = c2;
+      token->type = CHARACTER;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  if (c == '[') /* '[' is a special char in a bracket exps.  */
+    {
+      unsigned char c2;
+      int token_len;
+      if (re_string_cur_idx (input) + 1 < re_string_length (input))
+        c2 = re_string_peek_byte (input, 1);
+      else
+        c2 = 0;
+      token->opr.c = c2;
+      token_len = 2;
+      switch (c2)
+        {
+        case '.':
+          token->type = OP_OPEN_COLL_ELEM;
+          break;
+        case '=':
+          token->type = OP_OPEN_EQUIV_CLASS;
+          break;
+        case ':':
+          if (syntax & RE_CHAR_CLASSES)
+            {
+              token->type = OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS;
+              break;
+            }
+          /* else fall through.  */
+        default:
+          token->type = CHARACTER;
+          token->opr.c = c;
+          token_len = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+      return token_len;
+    }
+  switch (c)
+    {
+    case '-':
+      token->type = OP_CHARSET_RANGE;
+      break;
+    case ']':
+      token->type = OP_CLOSE_BRACKET;
+      break;
+    case '^':
+      token->type = OP_NON_MATCH_LIST;
+      break;
+    default:
+      token->type = CHARACTER;
+    }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Functions for parser.  */
+
+/* Entry point of the parser.
+   Parse the regular expression REGEXP and return the structure tree.
+   If an error has occurred, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
+   This function build the following tree, from regular expression <reg_exp>:
+           CAT
+           / \
+          /   \
+   <reg_exp>  EOR
+
+   CAT means concatenation.
+   EOR means end of regular expression.  */
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+parse (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, reg_syntax_t syntax,
+       reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  bin_tree_t *tree, *eor, *root;
+  re_token_t current_token;
+  dfa->syntax = syntax;
+  fetch_token (&current_token, regexp, syntax | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE);
+  tree = parse_reg_exp (regexp, preg, &current_token, syntax, 0, err);
+  if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+    return NULL;
+  eor = create_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, END_OF_RE);
+  if (tree != NULL)
+    root = create_tree (dfa, tree, eor, CONCAT);
+  else
+    root = eor;
+  if (BE (eor == NULL || root == NULL, 0))
+    {
+      *err = REG_ESPACE;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  return root;
+}
+
+/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression
+   <branch1>|<branch2>:
+           ALT
+           / \
+          /   \
+   <branch1> <branch2>
+
+   ALT means alternative, which represents the operator `|'.  */
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+parse_reg_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
+               reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  bin_tree_t *tree, *branch = NULL;
+  tree = parse_branch (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
+  if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+    return NULL;
+
+  while (token->type == OP_ALT)
+    {
+      fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE);
+      if (token->type != OP_ALT && token->type != END_OF_RE
+          && (nest == 0 || token->type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP))
+        {
+          branch = parse_branch (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
+          if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && branch == NULL, 0))
+            return NULL;
+        }
+      else
+        branch = NULL;
+      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, branch, OP_ALT);
+      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ESPACE;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+  return tree;
+}
+
+/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression
+   <exp1><exp2>:
+        CAT
+        / \
+       /   \
+   <exp1> <exp2>
+
+   CAT means concatenation.  */
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+parse_branch (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
+              reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+  bin_tree_t *tree, *exp;
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  tree = parse_expression (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
+  if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+    return NULL;
+
+  while (token->type != OP_ALT && token->type != END_OF_RE
+         && (nest == 0 || token->type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP))
+    {
+      exp = parse_expression (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && exp == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      if (tree != NULL && exp != NULL)
+        {
+          tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, exp, CONCAT);
+          if (tree == NULL)
+            {
+              *err = REG_ESPACE;
+              return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+      else if (tree == NULL)
+        tree = exp;
+      /* Otherwise exp == NULL, we don't need to create new tree.  */
+    }
+  return tree;
+}
+
+/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression a*:
+         *
+         |
+         a
+*/
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+parse_expression (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
+                  reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  bin_tree_t *tree;
+  switch (token->type)
+    {
+    case CHARACTER:
+      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ESPACE;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        {
+          while (!re_string_eoi (regexp)
+                 && !re_string_first_byte (regexp, re_string_cur_idx (regexp)))
+            {
+              bin_tree_t *mbc_remain;
+              fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
+              mbc_remain = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+              tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, mbc_remain, CONCAT);
+              if (BE (mbc_remain == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
+                {
+                  *err = REG_ESPACE;
+                  return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case OP_OPEN_SUBEXP:
+      tree = parse_sub_exp (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest + 1, err);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+        return NULL;
+      break;
+    case OP_OPEN_BRACKET:
+      tree = parse_bracket_exp (regexp, dfa, token, syntax, err);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+        return NULL;
+      break;
+    case OP_BACK_REF:
+      if (!BE (dfa->completed_bkref_map & (1 << token->opr.idx), 1))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ESUBREG;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      dfa->used_bkref_map |= 1 << token->opr.idx;
+      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ESPACE;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      ++dfa->nbackref;
+      dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
+      break;
+    case OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM:
+      if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP)
+        {
+          *err = REG_BADRPT;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case OP_DUP_ASTERISK:
+    case OP_DUP_PLUS:
+    case OP_DUP_QUESTION:
+      if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS)
+        {
+          *err = REG_BADRPT;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      else if (syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS)
+        {
+          fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
+          return parse_expression (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
+        }
+      /* else fall through  */
+    case OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP:
+      if ((token->type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP) &&
+          !(syntax & RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ERPAREN;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      /* else fall through  */
+    case OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM:
+      /* We treat it as a normal character.  */
+
+      /* Then we can these characters as normal characters.  */
+      token->type = CHARACTER;
+      /* mb_partial and word_char bits should be initialized already
+         by peek_token.  */
+      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ESPACE;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      break;
+    case ANCHOR:
+      if ((token->opr.ctx_type
+           & (WORD_DELIM | NOT_WORD_DELIM | WORD_FIRST | WORD_LAST))
+          && dfa->word_ops_used == 0)
+        init_word_char (dfa);
+      if (token->opr.ctx_type == WORD_DELIM
+          || token->opr.ctx_type == NOT_WORD_DELIM)
+        {
+          bin_tree_t *tree_first, *tree_last;
+          if (token->opr.ctx_type == WORD_DELIM)
+            {
+              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_FIRST;
+              tree_first = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+              token->opr.ctx_type = WORD_LAST;
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              token->opr.ctx_type = INSIDE_WORD;
+              tree_first = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+              token->opr.ctx_type = INSIDE_NOTWORD;
+            }
+          tree_last = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+          tree = create_tree (dfa, tree_first, tree_last, OP_ALT);
+          if (BE (tree_first == NULL || tree_last == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
+            {
+              *err = REG_ESPACE;
+              return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+          if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+            {
+              *err = REG_ESPACE;
+              return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+      /* We must return here, since ANCHORs can't be followed
+         by repetition operators.
+         eg. RE"^*" is invalid or "<ANCHOR(^)><CHAR(*)>",
+             it must not be "<ANCHOR(^)><REPEAT(*)>".  */
+      fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
+      return tree;
+    case OP_PERIOD:
+      tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, token);
+      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ESPACE;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+      if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
+      break;
+    case OP_WORD:
+    case OP_NOTWORD:
+      tree = build_charclass_op (dfa, regexp->trans,
+                                 "alnum",
+                                 "_",
+                                 token->type == OP_NOTWORD, err);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+        return NULL;
+      break;
+    case OP_SPACE:
+    case OP_NOTSPACE:
+      tree = build_charclass_op (dfa, regexp->trans,
+                                 "space",
+                                 "",
+                                 token->type == OP_NOTSPACE, err);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+        return NULL;
+      break;
+    case OP_ALT:
+    case END_OF_RE:
+      return NULL;
+    case BACK_SLASH:
+      *err = REG_EESCAPE;
+      return NULL;
+    default:
+      /* Must not happen?  */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      assert (0);
+#endif
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
+
+  while (token->type == OP_DUP_ASTERISK || token->type == OP_DUP_PLUS
+         || token->type == OP_DUP_QUESTION || token->type == OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM)
+    {
+      tree = parse_dup_op (tree, regexp, dfa, token, syntax, err);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR && tree == NULL, 0))
+        return NULL;
+      /* In BRE consecutive duplications are not allowed.  */
+      if ((syntax & RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP)
+          && (token->type == OP_DUP_ASTERISK
+              || token->type == OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM))
+        {
+          *err = REG_BADRPT;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+  return tree;
+}
+
+/* This function build the following tree, from regular expression
+   (<reg_exp>):
+         SUBEXP
+            |
+        <reg_exp>
+*/
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+parse_sub_exp (re_string_t *regexp, regex_t *preg, re_token_t *token,
+               reg_syntax_t syntax, int nest, reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+  re_dfa_t *dfa = (re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  bin_tree_t *tree;
+  size_t cur_nsub;
+  cur_nsub = preg->re_nsub++;
+
+  fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax | RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE);
+
+  /* The subexpression may be a null string.  */
+  if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP)
+    tree = NULL;
+  else
+    {
+      tree = parse_reg_exp (regexp, preg, token, syntax, nest, err);
+      if (BE (*err == REG_NOERROR && token->type != OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP, 0))
+        *err = REG_EPAREN;
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (cur_nsub <= '9' - '1')
+    dfa->completed_bkref_map |= 1 << cur_nsub;
+
+  tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, NULL, SUBEXP);
+  if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+    {
+      *err = REG_ESPACE;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  tree->token.opr.idx = cur_nsub;
+  return tree;
+}
+
+/* This function parse repetition operators like "*", "+", "{1,3}" etc.  */
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
+              re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+  bin_tree_t *tree = NULL, *old_tree = NULL;
+  int i, start, end, start_idx = re_string_cur_idx (regexp);
+#ifndef RE_TOKEN_INIT_BUG
+  re_token_t start_token = *token;
+#else
+  re_token_t start_token;
+
+  memcpy ((void *) &start_token, (void *) token, sizeof start_token);
+#endif
+
+  if (token->type == OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM)
+    {
+      end = 0;
+      start = fetch_number (regexp, token, syntax);
+      if (start == -1)
+        {
+          if (token->type == CHARACTER && token->opr.c == ',')
+            start = 0; /* We treat "{,m}" as "{0,m}".  */
+          else
+            {
+              *err = REG_BADBR; /* <re>{} is invalid.  */
+              return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+      if (BE (start != -2, 1))
+        {
+          /* We treat "{n}" as "{n,n}".  */
+          end = ((token->type == OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM) ? start
+                 : ((token->type == CHARACTER && token->opr.c == ',')
+                    ? fetch_number (regexp, token, syntax) : -2));
+        }
+      if (BE (start == -2 || end == -2, 0))
+        {
+          /* Invalid sequence.  */
+          if (BE (!(syntax & RE_INVALID_INTERVAL_ORD), 0))
+            {
+              if (token->type == END_OF_RE)
+                *err = REG_EBRACE;
+              else
+                *err = REG_BADBR;
+
+              return NULL;
+            }
+
+          /* If the syntax bit is set, rollback.  */
+          re_string_set_index (regexp, start_idx);
+          *token = start_token;
+          token->type = CHARACTER;
+          /* mb_partial and word_char bits should be already initialized by
+             peek_token.  */
+          return elem;
+        }
+
+      if (BE ((end != -1 && start > end) || token->type != OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM, 0))
+        {
+          /* First number greater than second.  */
+          *err = REG_BADBR;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      start = (token->type == OP_DUP_PLUS) ? 1 : 0;
+      end = (token->type == OP_DUP_QUESTION) ? 1 : -1;
+    }
+
+  fetch_token (token, regexp, syntax);
+
+  if (BE (elem == NULL, 0))
+    return NULL;
+  if (BE (start == 0 && end == 0, 0))
+    {
+      postorder (elem, free_tree, NULL);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  /* Extract "<re>{n,m}" to "<re><re>...<re><re>{0,<m-n>}".  */
+  if (BE (start > 0, 0))
+    {
+      tree = elem;
+      for (i = 2; i <= start; ++i)
+        {
+          elem = duplicate_tree (elem, dfa);
+          tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, elem, CONCAT);
+          if (BE (elem == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
+            goto parse_dup_op_espace;
+        }
+
+      if (start == end)
+        return tree;
+
+      /* Duplicate ELEM before it is marked optional.  */
+      elem = duplicate_tree (elem, dfa);
+      old_tree = tree;
+    }
+  else
+    old_tree = NULL;
+
+  if (elem->token.type == SUBEXP)
+    postorder (elem, mark_opt_subexp, (void *) (intptr_t) elem->token.opr.idx);
+
+  tree = create_tree (dfa, elem, NULL, (end == -1 ? OP_DUP_ASTERISK : OP_ALT));
+  if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+    goto parse_dup_op_espace;
+
+  /* This loop is actually executed only when end != -1,
+     to rewrite <re>{0,n} as (<re>(<re>...<re>?)?)?...  We have
+     already created the start+1-th copy.  */
+  for (i = start + 2; i <= end; ++i)
+    {
+      elem = duplicate_tree (elem, dfa);
+      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, elem, CONCAT);
+      if (BE (elem == NULL || tree == NULL, 0))
+        goto parse_dup_op_espace;
+
+      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, NULL, OP_ALT);
+      if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+        goto parse_dup_op_espace;
+    }
+
+  if (old_tree)
+    tree = create_tree (dfa, old_tree, tree, CONCAT);
+
+  return tree;
+
+ parse_dup_op_espace:
+  *err = REG_ESPACE;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Size of the names for collating symbol/equivalence_class/character_class.
+   I'm not sure, but maybe enough.  */
+#define BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE 32
+
+#ifndef _LIBC
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp only used in case of NOT _LIBC.
+     Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
+     at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
+     RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
+     update it.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+build_range_exp (bitset_t sbcset, re_charset_t *mbcset, int *range_alloc,
+                 bracket_elem_t *start_elem, bracket_elem_t *end_elem)
+# else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+build_range_exp (bitset_t sbcset, bracket_elem_t *start_elem,
+                 bracket_elem_t *end_elem)
+# endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+{
+  unsigned int start_ch, end_ch;
+  /* Equivalence Classes and Character Classes can't be a range start/end.  */
+  if (BE (start_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || start_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS
+          || end_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || end_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS,
+          0))
+    return REG_ERANGE;
+
+  /* We can handle no multi character collating elements without libc
+     support.  */
+  if (BE ((start_elem->type == COLL_SYM
+           && strlen ((char *) start_elem->opr.name) > 1)
+          || (end_elem->type == COLL_SYM
+              && strlen ((char *) end_elem->opr.name) > 1), 0))
+    return REG_ECOLLATE;
+
+# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  {
+    wchar_t wc;
+    wint_t start_wc;
+    wint_t end_wc;
+    wchar_t cmp_buf[6] = {L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0'};
+
+    start_ch = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR) ? start_elem->opr.ch
+                : ((start_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? start_elem->opr.name[0]
+                   : 0));
+    end_ch = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR) ? end_elem->opr.ch
+              : ((end_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? end_elem->opr.name[0]
+                 : 0));
+#ifdef GAWK
+    /*
+     * Fedora Core 2, maybe others, have broken `btowc' that returns -1
+     * for any value > 127. Sigh. Note that `start_ch' and `end_ch' are
+     * unsigned, so we don't have sign extension problems.
+     */
+    start_wc = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR || start_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
+                ? start_ch : start_elem->opr.wch);
+    end_wc = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR || end_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
+              ? end_ch : end_elem->opr.wch);
+#else
+    start_wc = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR || start_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
+                ? __btowc (start_ch) : start_elem->opr.wch);
+    end_wc = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR || end_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
+              ? __btowc (end_ch) : end_elem->opr.wch);
+#endif
+    if (start_wc == WEOF || end_wc == WEOF)
+      return REG_ECOLLATE;
+    cmp_buf[0] = start_wc;
+    cmp_buf[4] = end_wc;
+    if (wcscoll (cmp_buf, cmp_buf + 4) > 0)
+      return REG_ERANGE;
+
+    /* Got valid collation sequence values, add them as a new entry.
+       However, for !_LIBC we have no collation elements: if the
+       character set is single byte, the single byte character set
+       that we build below suffices.  parse_bracket_exp passes
+       no MBCSET if dfa->mb_cur_max == 1.  */
+    if (mbcset)
+      {
+        /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
+        if (BE (*range_alloc == mbcset->nranges, 0))
+          {
+            /* There is not enough space, need realloc.  */
+            wchar_t *new_array_start, *new_array_end;
+            int new_nranges;
+
+            /* +1 in case of mbcset->nranges is 0.  */
+            new_nranges = 2 * mbcset->nranges + 1;
+            /* Use realloc since mbcset->range_starts and mbcset->range_ends
+               are NULL if *range_alloc == 0.  */
+            new_array_start = re_realloc (mbcset->range_starts, wchar_t,
+                                          new_nranges);
+            new_array_end = re_realloc (mbcset->range_ends, wchar_t,
+                                        new_nranges);
+
+            if (BE (new_array_start == NULL || new_array_end == NULL, 0))
+              return REG_ESPACE;
+
+            mbcset->range_starts = new_array_start;
+            mbcset->range_ends = new_array_end;
+            *range_alloc = new_nranges;
+          }
+
+        mbcset->range_starts[mbcset->nranges] = start_wc;
+        mbcset->range_ends[mbcset->nranges++] = end_wc;
+      }
+
+    /* Build the table for single byte characters.  */
+    for (wc = 0; wc < SBC_MAX; ++wc)
+      {
+        cmp_buf[2] = wc;
+        if (wcscoll (cmp_buf, cmp_buf + 2) <= 0
+            && wcscoll (cmp_buf + 2, cmp_buf + 4) <= 0)
+          bitset_set (sbcset, wc);
+      }
+  }
+# else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  {
+    unsigned int ch;
+    start_ch = ((start_elem->type == SB_CHAR ) ? start_elem->opr.ch
+                : ((start_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? start_elem->opr.name[0]
+                   : 0));
+    end_ch = ((end_elem->type == SB_CHAR ) ? end_elem->opr.ch
+              : ((end_elem->type == COLL_SYM) ? end_elem->opr.name[0]
+                 : 0));
+    if (start_ch > end_ch)
+      return REG_ERANGE;
+    /* Build the table for single byte characters.  */
+    for (ch = 0; ch < SBC_MAX; ++ch)
+      if (start_ch <= ch  && ch <= end_ch)
+        bitset_set (sbcset, ch);
+  }
+# endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+#endif /* not _LIBC */
+
+#ifndef _LIBC
+/* Helper function for parse_bracket_exp only used in case of NOT _LIBC..
+   Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
+   The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
+   COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
+   pointer argument since we may update it.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+build_collating_symbol (bitset_t sbcset, re_charset_t *mbcset,
+                        int *coll_sym_alloc, const unsigned char *name)
+# else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+build_collating_symbol (bitset_t sbcset, const unsigned char *name)
+# endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+{
+  size_t name_len = strlen ((const char *) name);
+  if (BE (name_len != 1, 0))
+    return REG_ECOLLATE;
+  else
+    {
+      bitset_set (sbcset, name[0]);
+      return REG_NOERROR;
+    }
+}
+#endif /* not _LIBC */
+
+/* This function parse bracket expression like "[abc]", "[a-c]",
+   "[[.a-a.]]" etc.  */
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
+                   reg_syntax_t syntax, reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+#ifdef _LIBC
+  const unsigned char *collseqmb;
+  const char *collseqwc;
+  uint32_t nrules;
+  int32_t table_size;
+  const int32_t *symb_table;
+  const unsigned char *extra;
+
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
+     Seek the collating symbol entry correspondings to NAME.
+     Return the index of the symbol in the SYMB_TABLE.  */
+
+  auto inline int32_t
+  __attribute ((always_inline))
+  seek_collating_symbol_entry (name, name_len)
+         const unsigned char *name;
+         size_t name_len;
+    {
+      int32_t hash = elem_hash ((const char *) name, name_len);
+      int32_t elem = hash % table_size;
+      if (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0)
+        {
+          int32_t second = hash % (table_size - 2) + 1;
+
+          do
+            {
+              /* First compare the hashing value.  */
+              if (symb_table[2 * elem] == hash
+                  /* Compare the length of the name.  */
+                  && name_len == extra[symb_table[2 * elem + 1]]
+                  /* Compare the name.  */
+                  && memcmp (name, &extra[symb_table[2 * elem + 1] + 1],
+                             name_len) == 0)
+                {
+                  /* Yep, this is the entry.  */
+                  break;
+                }
+
+              /* Next entry.  */
+              elem += second;
+            }
+          while (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0);
+        }
+      return elem;
+    }
+
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
+     Look up the collation sequence value of BR_ELEM.
+     Return the value if succeeded, UINT_MAX otherwise.  */
+
+  auto inline unsigned int
+  __attribute ((always_inline))
+  lookup_collation_sequence_value (br_elem)
+         bracket_elem_t *br_elem;
+    {
+      if (br_elem->type == SB_CHAR)
+        {
+          /*
+          if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1)
+          */
+          if (nrules == 0)
+            return collseqmb[br_elem->opr.ch];
+          else
+            {
+              wint_t wc = __btowc (br_elem->opr.ch);
+              return __collseq_table_lookup (collseqwc, wc);
+            }
+        }
+      else if (br_elem->type == MB_CHAR)
+        {
+          if (nrules != 0)
+            return __collseq_table_lookup (collseqwc, br_elem->opr.wch);
+        }
+      else if (br_elem->type == COLL_SYM)
+        {
+          size_t sym_name_len = strlen ((char *) br_elem->opr.name);
+          if (nrules != 0)
+            {
+              int32_t elem, idx;
+              elem = seek_collating_symbol_entry (br_elem->opr.name,
+                                                  sym_name_len);
+              if (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0)
+                {
+                  /* We found the entry.  */
+                  idx = symb_table[2 * elem + 1];
+                  /* Skip the name of collating element name.  */
+                  idx += 1 + extra[idx];
+                  /* Skip the byte sequence of the collating element.  */
+                  idx += 1 + extra[idx];
+                  /* Adjust for the alignment.  */
+                  idx = (idx + 3) & ~3;
+                  /* Skip the multibyte collation sequence value.  */
+                  idx += sizeof (unsigned int);
+                  /* Skip the wide char sequence of the collating element.  */
+                  idx += sizeof (unsigned int) *
+                    (1 + *(unsigned int *) (extra + idx));
+                  /* Return the collation sequence value.  */
+                  return *(unsigned int *) (extra + idx);
+                }
+              else if (symb_table[2 * elem] == 0 && sym_name_len == 1)
+                {
+                  /* No valid character.  Match it as a single byte
+                     character.  */
+                  return collseqmb[br_elem->opr.name[0]];
+                }
+            }
+          else if (sym_name_len == 1)
+            return collseqmb[br_elem->opr.name[0]];
+        }
+      return UINT_MAX;
+    }
+
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
+     Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
+     at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
+     RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
+     update it.  */
+
+  auto inline reg_errcode_t
+  __attribute ((always_inline))
+  build_range_exp (sbcset, mbcset, range_alloc, start_elem, end_elem)
+         re_charset_t *mbcset;
+         int *range_alloc;
+         bitset_t sbcset;
+         bracket_elem_t *start_elem, *end_elem;
+    {
+      unsigned int ch;
+      uint32_t start_collseq;
+      uint32_t end_collseq;
+
+      /* Equivalence Classes and Character Classes can't be a range
+         start/end.  */
+      if (BE (start_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || start_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS
+              || end_elem->type == EQUIV_CLASS || end_elem->type == CHAR_CLASS,
+              0))
+        return REG_ERANGE;
+
+      start_collseq = lookup_collation_sequence_value (start_elem);
+      end_collseq = lookup_collation_sequence_value (end_elem);
+      /* Check start/end collation sequence values.  */
+      if (BE (start_collseq == UINT_MAX || end_collseq == UINT_MAX, 0))
+        return REG_ECOLLATE;
+      if (BE ((syntax & RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES) && start_collseq > end_collseq, 0))
+        return REG_ERANGE;
+
+      /* Got valid collation sequence values, add them as a new entry.
+         However, if we have no collation elements, and the character set
+         is single byte, the single byte character set that we
+         build below suffices. */
+      if (nrules > 0 || dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        {
+          /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
+          if (BE (*range_alloc == mbcset->nranges, 0))
+            {
+              /* There is not enough space, need realloc.  */
+              uint32_t *new_array_start;
+              uint32_t *new_array_end;
+              int new_nranges;
+
+              /* +1 in case of mbcset->nranges is 0.  */
+              new_nranges = 2 * mbcset->nranges + 1;
+              new_array_start = re_realloc (mbcset->range_starts, uint32_t,
+                                            new_nranges);
+              new_array_end = re_realloc (mbcset->range_ends, uint32_t,
+                                          new_nranges);
+
+              if (BE (new_array_start == NULL || new_array_end == NULL, 0))
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+
+              mbcset->range_starts = new_array_start;
+              mbcset->range_ends = new_array_end;
+              *range_alloc = new_nranges;
+            }
+
+          mbcset->range_starts[mbcset->nranges] = start_collseq;
+          mbcset->range_ends[mbcset->nranges++] = end_collseq;
+        }
+
+      /* Build the table for single byte characters.  */
+      for (ch = 0; ch < SBC_MAX; ch++)
+        {
+          uint32_t ch_collseq;
+          /*
+          if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1)
+          */
+          if (nrules == 0)
+            ch_collseq = collseqmb[ch];
+          else
+            ch_collseq = __collseq_table_lookup (collseqwc, __btowc (ch));
+          if (start_collseq <= ch_collseq && ch_collseq <= end_collseq)
+            bitset_set (sbcset, ch);
+        }
+      return REG_NOERROR;
+    }
+
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
+     Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
+     The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
+     COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
+     pointer argument since we may update it.  */
+
+  auto inline reg_errcode_t
+  __attribute ((always_inline))
+  build_collating_symbol (sbcset, mbcset, coll_sym_alloc, name)
+         re_charset_t *mbcset;
+         int *coll_sym_alloc;
+         bitset_t sbcset;
+         const unsigned char *name;
+    {
+      int32_t elem, idx;
+      size_t name_len = strlen ((const char *) name);
+      if (nrules != 0)
+        {
+          elem = seek_collating_symbol_entry (name, name_len);
+          if (symb_table[2 * elem] != 0)
+            {
+              /* We found the entry.  */
+              idx = symb_table[2 * elem + 1];
+              /* Skip the name of collating element name.  */
+              idx += 1 + extra[idx];
+            }
+          else if (symb_table[2 * elem] == 0 && name_len == 1)
+            {
+              /* No valid character, treat it as a normal
+                 character.  */
+              bitset_set (sbcset, name[0]);
+              return REG_NOERROR;
+            }
+          else
+            return REG_ECOLLATE;
+
+          /* Got valid collation sequence, add it as a new entry.  */
+          /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
+          if (BE (*coll_sym_alloc == mbcset->ncoll_syms, 0))
+            {
+              /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
+              /* +1 in case of mbcset->ncoll_syms is 0.  */
+              int new_coll_sym_alloc = 2 * mbcset->ncoll_syms + 1;
+              /* Use realloc since mbcset->coll_syms is NULL
+                 if *alloc == 0.  */
+              int32_t *new_coll_syms = re_realloc (mbcset->coll_syms, int32_t,
+                                                   new_coll_sym_alloc);
+              if (BE (new_coll_syms == NULL, 0))
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+              mbcset->coll_syms = new_coll_syms;
+              *coll_sym_alloc = new_coll_sym_alloc;
+            }
+          mbcset->coll_syms[mbcset->ncoll_syms++] = idx;
+          return REG_NOERROR;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          if (BE (name_len != 1, 0))
+            return REG_ECOLLATE;
+          else
+            {
+              bitset_set (sbcset, name[0]);
+              return REG_NOERROR;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+  re_token_t br_token;
+  re_bitset_ptr_t sbcset;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  re_charset_t *mbcset;
+  int coll_sym_alloc = 0, range_alloc = 0, mbchar_alloc = 0;
+  int equiv_class_alloc = 0, char_class_alloc = 0;
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  int non_match = 0;
+  bin_tree_t *work_tree;
+  int token_len;
+  int first_round = 1;
+#ifdef _LIBC
+  collseqmb = (const unsigned char *)
+    _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_COLLSEQMB);
+  nrules = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES);
+  if (nrules)
+    {
+      /*
+      if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
+      */
+      collseqwc = _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_COLLSEQWC);
+      table_size = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_HASH_SIZEMB);
+      symb_table = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
+                                                  _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_TABLEMB);
+      extra = (const unsigned char *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
+                                                   _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_EXTRAMB);
+    }
+#endif
+  sbcset = (re_bitset_ptr_t) calloc (sizeof (bitset_t), 1);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  mbcset = (re_charset_t *) calloc (sizeof (re_charset_t), 1);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (BE (sbcset == NULL || mbcset == NULL, 0))
+#else
+  if (BE (sbcset == NULL, 0))
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+    {
+      *err = REG_ESPACE;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);
+  if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
+    {
+      *err = REG_BADPAT;
+      goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+    }
+  if (token->type == OP_NON_MATCH_LIST)
+    {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      mbcset->non_match = 1;
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+      non_match = 1;
+      if (syntax & RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE)
+        bitset_set (sbcset, '\n');
+      re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip a token.  */
+      token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);
+      if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
+        {
+          *err = REG_BADPAT;
+          goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* We treat the first ']' as a normal character.  */
+  if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
+    token->type = CHARACTER;
+
+  while (1)
+    {
+      bracket_elem_t start_elem, end_elem;
+      unsigned char start_name_buf[BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE];
+      unsigned char end_name_buf[BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE];
+      reg_errcode_t ret;
+      int token_len2 = 0, is_range_exp = 0;
+      re_token_t token2;
+
+      start_elem.opr.name = start_name_buf;
+      ret = parse_bracket_element (&start_elem, regexp, token, token_len, dfa,
+                                   syntax, first_round);
+      if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        {
+          *err = ret;
+          goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+        }
+      first_round = 0;
+
+      /* Get information about the next token.  We need it in any case.  */
+      token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);
+
+      /* Do not check for ranges if we know they are not allowed.  */
+      if (start_elem.type != CHAR_CLASS && start_elem.type != EQUIV_CLASS)
+        {
+          if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
+            {
+              *err = REG_EBRACK;
+              goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+            }
+          if (token->type == OP_CHARSET_RANGE)
+            {
+              re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip '-'.  */
+              token_len2 = peek_token_bracket (&token2, regexp, syntax);
+              if (BE (token2.type == END_OF_RE, 0))
+                {
+                  *err = REG_EBRACK;
+                  goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+                }
+              if (token2.type == OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
+                {
+                  /* We treat the last '-' as a normal character.  */
+                  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, -token_len);
+                  token->type = CHARACTER;
+                }
+              else
+                is_range_exp = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+      if (is_range_exp == 1)
+        {
+          end_elem.opr.name = end_name_buf;
+          ret = parse_bracket_element (&end_elem, regexp, &token2, token_len2,
+                                       dfa, syntax, 1);
+          if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              *err = ret;
+              goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+            }
+
+          token_len = peek_token_bracket (token, regexp, syntax);
+
+#ifdef _LIBC
+          *err = build_range_exp (sbcset, mbcset, &range_alloc,
+                                  &start_elem, &end_elem);
+#else
+# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+          *err = build_range_exp (sbcset,
+                                  dfa->mb_cur_max > 1 ? mbcset : NULL,
+                                  &range_alloc, &start_elem, &end_elem);
+# else
+          *err = build_range_exp (sbcset, &start_elem, &end_elem);
+# endif
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+          if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          switch (start_elem.type)
+            {
+            case SB_CHAR:
+              bitset_set (sbcset, start_elem.opr.ch);
+              break;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+            case MB_CHAR:
+              /* Check whether the array has enough space.  */
+              if (BE (mbchar_alloc == mbcset->nmbchars, 0))
+                {
+                  wchar_t *new_mbchars;
+                  /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
+                  /* +1 in case of mbcset->nmbchars is 0.  */
+                  mbchar_alloc = 2 * mbcset->nmbchars + 1;
+                  /* Use realloc since array is NULL if *alloc == 0.  */
+                  new_mbchars = re_realloc (mbcset->mbchars, wchar_t,
+                                            mbchar_alloc);
+                  if (BE (new_mbchars == NULL, 0))
+                    goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
+                  mbcset->mbchars = new_mbchars;
+                }
+              mbcset->mbchars[mbcset->nmbchars++] = start_elem.opr.wch;
+              break;
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+            case EQUIV_CLASS:
+              *err = build_equiv_class (sbcset,
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+                                        mbcset, &equiv_class_alloc,
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+                                        start_elem.opr.name);
+              if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+              break;
+            case COLL_SYM:
+              *err = build_collating_symbol (sbcset,
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+                                             mbcset, &coll_sym_alloc,
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+                                             start_elem.opr.name);
+              if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+              break;
+            case CHAR_CLASS:
+              *err = build_charclass (regexp->trans, sbcset,
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+                                      mbcset, &char_class_alloc,
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+                                      (const char *) start_elem.opr.name, syntax);
+              if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+               goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+              break;
+            default:
+              assert (0);
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+      if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
+        {
+          *err = REG_EBRACK;
+          goto parse_bracket_exp_free_return;
+        }
+      if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
+        break;
+    }
+
+  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip a token.  */
+
+  /* If it is non-matching list.  */
+  if (non_match)
+    bitset_not (sbcset);
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  /* Ensure only single byte characters are set.  */
+  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    bitset_mask (sbcset, dfa->sb_char);
+
+  if (mbcset->nmbchars || mbcset->ncoll_syms || mbcset->nequiv_classes
+      || mbcset->nranges || (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1 && (mbcset->nchar_classes
+                                                     || mbcset->non_match)))
+    {
+      bin_tree_t *mbc_tree;
+      int sbc_idx;
+      /* Build a tree for complex bracket.  */
+      dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
+      br_token.type = COMPLEX_BRACKET;
+      br_token.opr.mbcset = mbcset;
+      mbc_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
+      if (BE (mbc_tree == NULL, 0))
+        goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
+      for (sbc_idx = 0; sbc_idx < BITSET_WORDS; ++sbc_idx)
+        if (sbcset[sbc_idx])
+          break;
+      /* If there are no bits set in sbcset, there is no point
+         of having both SIMPLE_BRACKET and COMPLEX_BRACKET.  */
+      if (sbc_idx < BITSET_WORDS)
+        {
+          /* Build a tree for simple bracket.  */
+          br_token.type = SIMPLE_BRACKET;
+          br_token.opr.sbcset = sbcset;
+          work_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
+          if (BE (work_tree == NULL, 0))
+            goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
+
+          /* Then join them by ALT node.  */
+          work_tree = create_tree (dfa, work_tree, mbc_tree, OP_ALT);
+          if (BE (work_tree == NULL, 0))
+            goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          re_free (sbcset);
+          work_tree = mbc_tree;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+    {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      free_charset (mbcset);
+#endif
+      /* Build a tree for simple bracket.  */
+      br_token.type = SIMPLE_BRACKET;
+      br_token.opr.sbcset = sbcset;
+      work_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
+      if (BE (work_tree == NULL, 0))
+        goto parse_bracket_exp_espace;
+    }
+  return work_tree;
+
+ parse_bracket_exp_espace:
+  *err = REG_ESPACE;
+ parse_bracket_exp_free_return:
+  re_free (sbcset);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  free_charset (mbcset);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Parse an element in the bracket expression.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+parse_bracket_element (bracket_elem_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp,
+                       re_token_t *token, int token_len,
+                       UNUSED_PARAM re_dfa_t *dfa, reg_syntax_t syntax,
+                       int accept_hyphen)
+{
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  int cur_char_size;
+  cur_char_size = re_string_char_size_at (regexp, re_string_cur_idx (regexp));
+  if (cur_char_size > 1)
+    {
+      elem->type = MB_CHAR;
+      elem->opr.wch = re_string_wchar_at (regexp, re_string_cur_idx (regexp));
+      re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, cur_char_size);
+      return REG_NOERROR;
+    }
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, token_len); /* Skip a token.  */
+  if (token->type == OP_OPEN_COLL_ELEM || token->type == OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS
+      || token->type == OP_OPEN_EQUIV_CLASS)
+    return parse_bracket_symbol (elem, regexp, token);
+  if (BE (token->type == OP_CHARSET_RANGE, 0) && !accept_hyphen)
+    {
+      /* A '-' must only appear as anything but a range indicator before
+         the closing bracket.  Everything else is an error.  */
+      re_token_t token2;
+      (void) peek_token_bracket (&token2, regexp, syntax);
+      if (token2.type != OP_CLOSE_BRACKET)
+        /* The actual error value is not standardized since this whole
+           case is undefined.  But ERANGE makes good sense.  */
+        return REG_ERANGE;
+    }
+  elem->type = SB_CHAR;
+  elem->opr.ch = token->opr.c;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Parse a bracket symbol in the bracket expression.  Bracket symbols are
+   such as [:<character_class>:], [.<collating_element>.], and
+   [=<equivalent_class>=].  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+parse_bracket_symbol (bracket_elem_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp,
+                      re_token_t *token)
+{
+  unsigned char ch, delim = token->opr.c;
+  int i = 0;
+  if (re_string_eoi(regexp))
+    return REG_EBRACK;
+  for (;; ++i)
+    {
+      if (i >= BRACKET_NAME_BUF_SIZE)
+        return REG_EBRACK;
+      if (token->type == OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS)
+        ch = re_string_fetch_byte_case (regexp);
+      else
+        ch = re_string_fetch_byte (regexp);
+      if (re_string_eoi(regexp))
+        return REG_EBRACK;
+      if (ch == delim && re_string_peek_byte (regexp, 0) == ']')
+        break;
+      elem->opr.name[i] = ch;
+    }
+  re_string_skip_bytes (regexp, 1);
+  elem->opr.name[i] = '\0';
+  switch (token->type)
+    {
+    case OP_OPEN_COLL_ELEM:
+      elem->type = COLL_SYM;
+      break;
+    case OP_OPEN_EQUIV_CLASS:
+      elem->type = EQUIV_CLASS;
+      break;
+    case OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS:
+      elem->type = CHAR_CLASS;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+  /* Helper function for parse_bracket_exp.
+     Build the equivalence class which is represented by NAME.
+     The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
+     EQUIV_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->equiv_classes,
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset, re_charset_t *mbcset,
+                   int *equiv_class_alloc, const unsigned char *name)
+#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset, const unsigned char *name)
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+{
+#ifdef _LIBC
+  uint32_t nrules = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES);
+  if (nrules != 0)
+    {
+      const int32_t *table, *indirect;
+      const unsigned char *weights, *extra, *cp;
+      unsigned char char_buf[2];
+      int32_t idx1, idx2;
+      unsigned int ch;
+      size_t len;
+      /* This #include defines a local function!  */
+# include <locale/weight.h>
+      /* Calculate the index for equivalence class.  */
+      cp = name;
+      table = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_TABLEMB);
+      weights = (const unsigned char *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
+                                               _NL_COLLATE_WEIGHTMB);
+      extra = (const unsigned char *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
+                                                   _NL_COLLATE_EXTRAMB);
+      indirect = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
+                                                _NL_COLLATE_INDIRECTMB);
+      idx1 = findidx (&cp);
+      if (BE (idx1 == 0 || cp < name + strlen ((const char *) name), 0))
+        /* This isn't a valid character.  */
+        return REG_ECOLLATE;
+
+      /* Build single byte matcing table for this equivalence class.  */
+      char_buf[1] = (unsigned char) '\0';
+      len = weights[idx1 & 0xffffff];
+      for (ch = 0; ch < SBC_MAX; ++ch)
+        {
+          char_buf[0] = ch;
+          cp = char_buf;
+          idx2 = findidx (&cp);
+/*
+          idx2 = table[ch];
+*/
+          if (idx2 == 0)
+            /* This isn't a valid character.  */
+            continue;
+          /* Compare only if the length matches and the collation rule
+             index is the same.  */
+          if (len == weights[idx2 & 0xffffff] && (idx1 >> 24) == (idx2 >> 24))
+            {
+              int cnt = 0;
+
+              while (cnt <= len &&
+                     weights[(idx1 & 0xffffff) + 1 + cnt]
+                     == weights[(idx2 & 0xffffff) + 1 + cnt])
+                ++cnt;
+
+              if (cnt > len)
+                bitset_set (sbcset, ch);
+            }
+        }
+      /* Check whether the array has enough space.  */
+      if (BE (*equiv_class_alloc == mbcset->nequiv_classes, 0))
+        {
+          /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
+          /* +1 in case of mbcset->nequiv_classes is 0.  */
+          int new_equiv_class_alloc = 2 * mbcset->nequiv_classes + 1;
+          /* Use realloc since the array is NULL if *alloc == 0.  */
+          int32_t *new_equiv_classes = re_realloc (mbcset->equiv_classes,
+                                                   int32_t,
+                                                   new_equiv_class_alloc);
+          if (BE (new_equiv_classes == NULL, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+          mbcset->equiv_classes = new_equiv_classes;
+          *equiv_class_alloc = new_equiv_class_alloc;
+        }
+      mbcset->equiv_classes[mbcset->nequiv_classes++] = idx1;
+    }
+  else
+#endif /* _LIBC */
+    {
+      if (BE (strlen ((const char *) name) != 1, 0))
+        return REG_ECOLLATE;
+      bitset_set (sbcset, *name);
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+  /* Helper function for parse_bracket_exp.
+     Build the character class which is represented by NAME.
+     The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
+     CHAR_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->char_classes,
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, bitset_t sbcset,
+                 re_charset_t *mbcset, int *char_class_alloc,
+                 const char *class_name, reg_syntax_t syntax)
+#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+build_charclass (RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, bitset_t sbcset,
+                 const char *class_name, reg_syntax_t syntax)
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+{
+  int i;
+
+  /* In case of REG_ICASE "upper" and "lower" match the both of
+     upper and lower cases.  */
+  if ((syntax & RE_ICASE)
+      && (strcmp (class_name, "upper") == 0 || strcmp (class_name, "lower") == 0))
+    class_name = "alpha";
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  /* Check the space of the arrays.  */
+  if (BE (*char_class_alloc == mbcset->nchar_classes, 0))
+    {
+      /* Not enough, realloc it.  */
+      /* +1 in case of mbcset->nchar_classes is 0.  */
+      int new_char_class_alloc = 2 * mbcset->nchar_classes + 1;
+      /* Use realloc since array is NULL if *alloc == 0.  */
+      wctype_t *new_char_classes = re_realloc (mbcset->char_classes, wctype_t,
+                                               new_char_class_alloc);
+      if (BE (new_char_classes == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      mbcset->char_classes = new_char_classes;
+      *char_class_alloc = new_char_class_alloc;
+    }
+  mbcset->char_classes[mbcset->nchar_classes++] = __wctype (class_name);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+#define BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP(ctype_func)        \
+  do {                                          \
+    if (BE (trans != NULL, 0))                  \
+      {                                         \
+        for (i = 0; i < SBC_MAX; ++i)           \
+          if (ctype_func (i))                   \
+            bitset_set (sbcset, trans[i]);      \
+      }                                         \
+    else                                        \
+      {                                         \
+        for (i = 0; i < SBC_MAX; ++i)           \
+          if (ctype_func (i))                   \
+            bitset_set (sbcset, i);             \
+      }                                         \
+  } while (0)
+
+#if 0
+  if (strcmp (class_name, "alnum") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isalnum);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "cntrl") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (iscntrl);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "lower") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (islower);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "space") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isspace);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "alpha") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isalpha);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "digit") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isdigit);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "print") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isprint);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "upper") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isupper);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "blank") == 0)
+#ifndef GAWK
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isblank);
+#else
+    /* see comments above */
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (is_blank);
+#endif
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "graph") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isgraph);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "punct") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (ispunct);
+  else if (strcmp (class_name, "xdigit") == 0)
+    BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isxdigit);
+  else
+    return REG_ECTYPE;
+#else
+        switch (match_class(class_name)) {
+        case CCLASS_ALNUM:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isalnum);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_CNTRL:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (iscntrl);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_LOWER:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (islower);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_SPACE:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isspace);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_ALPHA:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isalpha);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_DIGIT:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isdigit);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_PRINT:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isprint);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_UPPER:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isupper);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_BLANK:
+#ifndef GAWK
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isblank);
+#else
+                /* see comments above */
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (is_blank);
+#endif
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_GRAPH:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isgraph);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_PUNCT:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (ispunct);
+                break;
+        case CCLASS_XDIGIT:
+                BUILD_CHARCLASS_LOOP (isxdigit);
+                break;
+        default:
+                return REG_ECTYPE;
+        }
+#endif
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+build_charclass_op (re_dfa_t *dfa, RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
+                    const char *class_name,
+                    const char *extra, int non_match,
+                    reg_errcode_t *err)
+{
+  re_bitset_ptr_t sbcset;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  re_charset_t *mbcset;
+  int alloc = 0;
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  re_token_t br_token;
+  bin_tree_t *tree;
+
+  sbcset = (re_bitset_ptr_t) calloc (sizeof (bitset_t), 1);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  mbcset = (re_charset_t *) calloc (sizeof (re_charset_t), 1);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (BE (sbcset == NULL || mbcset == NULL, 0))
+#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  if (BE (sbcset == NULL, 0))
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+    {
+      *err = REG_ESPACE;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  if (non_match)
+    {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      mbcset->non_match = 1;
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+    }
+
+  /* We don't care the syntax in this case.  */
+  ret = build_charclass (trans, sbcset,
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+                         mbcset, &alloc,
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+                         class_name, 0);
+
+  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+      re_free (sbcset);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      free_charset (mbcset);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+      *err = ret;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  /* \w match '_' also.  */
+  for (; *extra; extra++)
+    bitset_set (sbcset, *extra);
+
+  /* If it is non-matching list.  */
+  if (non_match)
+    bitset_not (sbcset);
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  /* Ensure only single byte characters are set.  */
+  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    bitset_mask (sbcset, dfa->sb_char);
+#endif
+
+  /* Build a tree for simple bracket.  */
+  br_token.type = SIMPLE_BRACKET;
+  br_token.opr.sbcset = sbcset;
+  tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
+  if (BE (tree == NULL, 0))
+    goto build_word_op_espace;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    {
+      bin_tree_t *mbc_tree;
+      /* Build a tree for complex bracket.  */
+      br_token.type = COMPLEX_BRACKET;
+      br_token.opr.mbcset = mbcset;
+      dfa->has_mb_node = 1;
+      mbc_tree = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &br_token);
+      if (BE (mbc_tree == NULL, 0))
+        goto build_word_op_espace;
+      /* Then join them by ALT node.  */
+      tree = create_tree (dfa, tree, mbc_tree, OP_ALT);
+      if (BE (mbc_tree != NULL, 1))
+        return tree;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      free_charset (mbcset);
+      return tree;
+    }
+#else /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  return tree;
+#endif /* not RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+ build_word_op_espace:
+  re_free (sbcset);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  free_charset (mbcset);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+  *err = REG_ESPACE;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* This is intended for the expressions like "a{1,3}".
+   Fetch a number from `input', and return the number.
+   Return -1, if the number field is empty like "{,1}".
+   Return -2, if an error has occurred.  */
+
+static int
+fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax)
+{
+  int num = -1;
+  unsigned char c;
+  while (1)
+    {
+      fetch_token (token, input, syntax);
+      c = token->opr.c;
+      if (BE (token->type == END_OF_RE, 0))
+        return -2;
+      if (token->type == OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM || c == ',')
+        break;
+      num = ((token->type != CHARACTER || c < '0' || '9' < c || num == -2)
+             ? -2 : ((num == -1) ? c - '0' : num * 10 + c - '0'));
+      num = (num > RE_DUP_MAX) ? -2 : num;
+    }
+  return num;
+}
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static void
+free_charset (re_charset_t *cset)
+{
+  re_free (cset->mbchars);
+# ifdef _LIBC
+  re_free (cset->coll_syms);
+  re_free (cset->equiv_classes);
+  re_free (cset->range_starts);
+  re_free (cset->range_ends);
+# endif
+  re_free (cset->char_classes);
+  re_free (cset);
+}
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+/* Functions for binary tree operation.  */
+
+/* Create a tree node.  */
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+create_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa, bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
+             re_token_type_t type)
+{
+  re_token_t t;
+  t.type = type;
+  return create_token_tree (dfa, left, right, &t);
+}
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+create_token_tree (re_dfa_t *dfa, bin_tree_t *left, bin_tree_t *right,
+                   const re_token_t *token)
+{
+  bin_tree_t *tree;
+  if (BE (dfa->str_tree_storage_idx == BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE, 0))
+    {
+      bin_tree_storage_t *storage = re_malloc (bin_tree_storage_t, 1);
+
+      if (storage == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+      storage->next = dfa->str_tree_storage;
+      dfa->str_tree_storage = storage;
+      dfa->str_tree_storage_idx = 0;
+    }
+  tree = &dfa->str_tree_storage->data[dfa->str_tree_storage_idx++];
+
+  tree->parent = NULL;
+  tree->left = left;
+  tree->right = right;
+  tree->token = *token;
+  tree->token.duplicated = 0;
+  tree->token.opt_subexp = 0;
+  tree->first = NULL;
+  tree->next = NULL;
+  tree->node_idx = -1;
+
+  if (left != NULL)
+    left->parent = tree;
+  if (right != NULL)
+    right->parent = tree;
+  return tree;
+}
+
+/* Mark the tree SRC as an optional subexpression.
+   To be called from preorder or postorder.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+mark_opt_subexp (void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  int idx = (int) (intptr_t) extra;
+  if (node->token.type == SUBEXP && node->token.opr.idx == idx)
+    node->token.opt_subexp = 1;
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Free the allocated memory inside NODE. */
+
+static void
+free_token (re_token_t *node)
+{
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (node->type == COMPLEX_BRACKET && node->duplicated == 0)
+    free_charset (node->opr.mbcset);
+  else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+    if (node->type == SIMPLE_BRACKET && node->duplicated == 0)
+      re_free (node->opr.sbcset);
+}
+
+/* Worker function for tree walking.  Free the allocated memory inside NODE
+   and its children. */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+free_tree (UNUSED_PARAM void *extra, bin_tree_t *node)
+{
+  free_token (&node->token);
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+
+/* Duplicate the node SRC, and return new node.  This is a preorder
+   visit similar to the one implemented by the generic visitor, but
+   we need more infrastructure to maintain two parallel trees --- so,
+   it's easier to duplicate.  */
+
+static bin_tree_t *
+duplicate_tree (const bin_tree_t *root, re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  const bin_tree_t *node;
+  bin_tree_t *dup_root;
+  bin_tree_t **p_new = &dup_root, *dup_node = root->parent;
+
+  for (node = root; ; )
+    {
+      /* Create a new tree and link it back to the current parent.  */
+      *p_new = create_token_tree (dfa, NULL, NULL, &node->token);
+      if (*p_new == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+      (*p_new)->parent = dup_node;
+      (*p_new)->token.duplicated = 1;
+      dup_node = *p_new;
+
+      /* Go to the left node, or up and to the right.  */
+      if (node->left)
+        {
+          node = node->left;
+          p_new = &dup_node->left;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          const bin_tree_t *prev = NULL;
+          while (node->right == prev || node->right == NULL)
+            {
+              prev = node;
+              node = node->parent;
+              dup_node = dup_node->parent;
+              if (!node)
+                return dup_root;
+            }
+          node = node->right;
+          p_new = &dup_node->right;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/win32/regex.c b/win32/regex.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e40a2ea01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/regex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/* Extended regular expression matching and search library.
+   Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+   Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301 USA.  */
+
+#define HAVE_LIBINTL_H 0
+#define ENABLE_NLS 0
+#define HAVE_ALLOCA 0
+#define NO_MBSUPPORT 1
+#define GAWK 1
+
+/* Make sure no one compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+# error "This is C code, use a C compiler"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _LIBC
+/* We have to keep the namespace clean.  */
+# define regfree(preg) __regfree (preg)
+# define regexec(pr, st, nm, pm, ef) __regexec (pr, st, nm, pm, ef)
+# define regcomp(preg, pattern, cflags) __regcomp (preg, pattern, cflags)
+# define regerror(errcode, preg, errbuf, errbuf_size) \
+        __regerror(errcode, preg, errbuf, errbuf_size)
+# define re_set_registers(bu, re, nu, st, en) \
+        __re_set_registers (bu, re, nu, st, en)
+# define re_match_2(bufp, string1, size1, string2, size2, pos, regs, stop) \
+        __re_match_2 (bufp, string1, size1, string2, size2, pos, regs, stop)
+# define re_match(bufp, string, size, pos, regs) \
+        __re_match (bufp, string, size, pos, regs)
+# define re_search(bufp, string, size, startpos, range, regs) \
+        __re_search (bufp, string, size, startpos, range, regs)
+# define re_compile_pattern(pattern, length, bufp) \
+        __re_compile_pattern (pattern, length, bufp)
+# define re_set_syntax(syntax) __re_set_syntax (syntax)
+# define re_search_2(bufp, st1, s1, st2, s2, startpos, range, regs, stop) \
+        __re_search_2 (bufp, st1, s1, st2, s2, startpos, range, regs, stop)
+# define re_compile_fastmap(bufp) __re_compile_fastmap (bufp)
+
+# include "../locale/localeinfo.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined (_MSC_VER)
+#include <stdio.h> /* for size_t */
+#endif
+
+/* On some systems, limits.h sets RE_DUP_MAX to a lower value than
+   GNU regex allows.  Include it before <regex.h>, which correctly
+   #undefs RE_DUP_MAX and sets it to the right value.  */
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef GAWK
+#undef alloca
+#define alloca alloca_is_bad_you_should_never_use_it
+#endif
+#include <regex.h>
+#include "regex_internal.h"
+
+#include "regex_internal.c"
+#ifdef GAWK
+#define bool int
+#define true (1)
+#define false (0)
+#endif
+#include "regcomp.c"
+#include "regexec.c"
+
+/* Binary backward compatibility.  */
+#ifdef _LIBC
+# include <shlib-compat.h>
+# if SHLIB_COMPAT (libc, GLIBC_2_0, GLIBC_2_3)
+link_warning (re_max_failures, "the 're_max_failures' variable is obsolete and will go away.")
+int re_max_failures = 2000;
+# endif
+#endif
diff --git a/win32/regex.h b/win32/regex.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61c968387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/regex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+/* Definitions for data structures and routines for the regular
+   expression library.
+   Copyright (C) 1985,1989-93,1995-98,2000,2001,2002,2003,2005,2006,2008
+   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301 USA.  */
+
+#ifndef _REGEX_H
+#define _REGEX_H 1
+
+#ifdef HAVE_STDDEF_H
+#include <stddef.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _LIBC
+#define __USE_GNU       1
+#endif
+
+/* Allow the use in C++ code.  */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* The following two types have to be signed and unsigned integer type
+   wide enough to hold a value of a pointer.  For most ANSI compilers
+   ptrdiff_t and size_t should be likely OK.  Still size of these two
+   types is 2 for Microsoft C.  Ugh... */
+typedef long int s_reg_t;
+typedef unsigned long int active_reg_t;
+
+/* The following bits are used to determine the regexp syntax we
+   recognize.  The set/not-set meanings are chosen so that Emacs syntax
+   remains the value 0.  The bits are given in alphabetical order, and
+   the definitions shifted by one from the previous bit; thus, when we
+   add or remove a bit, only one other definition need change.  */
+typedef unsigned long int reg_syntax_t;
+
+#ifdef __USE_GNU
+/* If this bit is not set, then \ inside a bracket expression is literal.
+   If set, then such a \ quotes the following character.  */
+# define RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS ((unsigned long int) 1)
+
+/* If this bit is not set, then + and ? are operators, and \+ and \? are
+     literals.
+   If set, then \+ and \? are operators and + and ? are literals.  */
+# define RE_BK_PLUS_QM (RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then character classes are supported.  They are:
+     [:alpha:], [:upper:], [:lower:],  [:digit:], [:alnum:], [:xdigit:],
+     [:space:], [:print:], [:punct:], [:graph:], and [:cntrl:].
+   If not set, then character classes are not supported.  */
+# define RE_CHAR_CLASSES (RE_BK_PLUS_QM << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then ^ and $ are always anchors (outside bracket
+     expressions, of course).
+   If this bit is not set, then it depends:
+        ^  is an anchor if it is at the beginning of a regular
+           expression or after an open-group or an alternation operator;
+        $  is an anchor if it is at the end of a regular expression, or
+           before a close-group or an alternation operator.
+
+   This bit could be (re)combined with RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS, because
+   POSIX draft 11.2 says that * etc. in leading positions is undefined.
+   We already implemented a previous draft which made those constructs
+   invalid, though, so we haven't changed the code back.  */
+# define RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS (RE_CHAR_CLASSES << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then special characters are always special
+     regardless of where they are in the pattern.
+   If this bit is not set, then special characters are special only in
+     some contexts; otherwise they are ordinary.  Specifically,
+     * + ? and intervals are only special when not after the beginning,
+     open-group, or alternation operator.  */
+# define RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS (RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then *, +, ?, and { cannot be first in an re or
+     immediately after an alternation or begin-group operator.  */
+# define RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS (RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then . matches newline.
+   If not set, then it doesn't.  */
+# define RE_DOT_NEWLINE (RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then . doesn't match NUL.
+   If not set, then it does.  */
+# define RE_DOT_NOT_NULL (RE_DOT_NEWLINE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, nonmatching lists [^...] do not match newline.
+   If not set, they do.  */
+# define RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE (RE_DOT_NOT_NULL << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, either \{...\} or {...} defines an
+     interval, depending on RE_NO_BK_BRACES.
+   If not set, \{, \}, {, and } are literals.  */
+# define RE_INTERVALS (RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, +, ? and | aren't recognized as operators.
+   If not set, they are.  */
+# define RE_LIMITED_OPS (RE_INTERVALS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, newline is an alternation operator.
+   If not set, newline is literal.  */
+# define RE_NEWLINE_ALT (RE_LIMITED_OPS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then `{...}' defines an interval, and \{ and \}
+     are literals.
+  If not set, then `\{...\}' defines an interval.  */
+# define RE_NO_BK_BRACES (RE_NEWLINE_ALT << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, (...) defines a group, and \( and \) are literals.
+   If not set, \(...\) defines a group, and ( and ) are literals.  */
+# define RE_NO_BK_PARENS (RE_NO_BK_BRACES << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then \<digit> matches <digit>.
+   If not set, then \<digit> is a back-reference.  */
+# define RE_NO_BK_REFS (RE_NO_BK_PARENS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then | is an alternation operator, and \| is literal.
+   If not set, then \| is an alternation operator, and | is literal.  */
+# define RE_NO_BK_VBAR (RE_NO_BK_REFS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then an ending range point collating higher
+     than the starting range point, as in [z-a], is invalid.
+   If not set, then when ending range point collates higher than the
+     starting range point, the range is ignored.  */
+# define RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES (RE_NO_BK_VBAR << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then an unmatched ) is ordinary.
+   If not set, then an unmatched ) is invalid.  */
+# define RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD (RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, succeed as soon as we match the whole pattern,
+   without further backtracking.  */
+# define RE_NO_POSIX_BACKTRACKING (RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, do not process the GNU regex operators.
+   If not set, then the GNU regex operators are recognized. */
+# define RE_NO_GNU_OPS (RE_NO_POSIX_BACKTRACKING << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, a syntactically invalid interval is treated as
+   a string of ordinary characters.  For example, the ERE 'a{1' is
+   treated as 'a\{1'.  */
+# define RE_INVALID_INTERVAL_ORD (RE_NO_GNU_OPS << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then ignore case when matching.
+   If not set, then case is significant.  */
+# define RE_ICASE (RE_INVALID_INTERVAL_ORD << 1)
+
+/* This bit is used internally like RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS but only
+   for ^, because it is difficult to scan the regex backwards to find
+   whether ^ should be special.  */
+# define RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE (RE_ICASE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then \{ cannot be first in an bre or
+   immediately after an alternation or begin-group operator.  */
+# define RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP (RE_CARET_ANCHORS_HERE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then no_sub will be set to 1 during
+   re_compile_pattern.  */
+#define RE_NO_SUB (RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP << 1)
+#endif
+
+/* This global variable defines the particular regexp syntax to use (for
+   some interfaces).  When a regexp is compiled, the syntax used is
+   stored in the pattern buffer, so changing this does not affect
+   already-compiled regexps.  */
+extern reg_syntax_t re_syntax_options;
+
+#ifdef __USE_GNU
+/* Define combinations of the above bits for the standard possibilities.
+   (The [[[ comments delimit what gets put into the Texinfo file, so
+   don't delete them!)  */
+/* [[[begin syntaxes]]] */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_EMACS 0
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_AWK                                                   \
+  (RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS   | RE_DOT_NOT_NULL                     \
+   | RE_NO_BK_PARENS              | RE_NO_BK_REFS                       \
+   | RE_NO_BK_VBAR                | RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES                  \
+   | RE_DOT_NEWLINE               | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS            \
+   | RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD | RE_NO_GNU_OPS)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_GNU_AWK                                               \
+  ((RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED | RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS             \
+   | RE_INVALID_INTERVAL_ORD)                                           \
+   & ~(RE_DOT_NOT_NULL | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS                           \
+       | RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS ))
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_AWK                                             \
+  (RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED | RE_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE_IN_LISTS              \
+   | RE_INTERVALS           | RE_NO_GNU_OPS                             \
+   | RE_INVALID_INTERVAL_ORD)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_GREP                                                  \
+  (RE_BK_PLUS_QM              | RE_CHAR_CLASSES                         \
+   | RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE | RE_INTERVALS                            \
+   | RE_NEWLINE_ALT)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_EGREP                                                 \
+  (RE_CHAR_CLASSES        | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS                    \
+   | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS | RE_HAT_LISTS_NOT_NEWLINE                    \
+   | RE_NEWLINE_ALT       | RE_NO_BK_PARENS                             \
+   | RE_NO_BK_VBAR)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EGREP                                           \
+  (RE_SYNTAX_EGREP | RE_INTERVALS | RE_NO_BK_BRACES                     \
+   | RE_INVALID_INTERVAL_ORD)
+
+/* P1003.2/D11.2, section 4.20.7.1, lines 5078ff.  */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_ED RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_SED RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC
+
+/* Syntax bits common to both basic and extended POSIX regex syntax.  */
+#define _RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON                                         \
+  (RE_CHAR_CLASSES | RE_DOT_NEWLINE      | RE_DOT_NOT_NULL              \
+   | RE_INTERVALS  | RE_NO_EMPTY_RANGES)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_BASIC                                           \
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON | RE_BK_PLUS_QM | RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_DUP)
+
+/* Differs from ..._POSIX_BASIC only in that RE_BK_PLUS_QM becomes
+   RE_LIMITED_OPS, i.e., \? \+ \| are not recognized.  Actually, this
+   isn't minimal, since other operators, such as \`, aren't disabled.  */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_MINIMAL_BASIC                                   \
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON | RE_LIMITED_OPS)
+
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_EXTENDED                                        \
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON  | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS                  \
+   | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS   | RE_NO_BK_BRACES                           \
+   | RE_NO_BK_PARENS        | RE_NO_BK_VBAR                             \
+   | RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS | RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD)
+
+/* Differs from ..._POSIX_EXTENDED in that RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_OPS is
+   removed and RE_NO_BK_REFS is added.  */
+#define RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_MINIMAL_EXTENDED                                \
+  (_RE_SYNTAX_POSIX_COMMON  | RE_CONTEXT_INDEP_ANCHORS                  \
+   | RE_CONTEXT_INVALID_OPS | RE_NO_BK_BRACES                           \
+   | RE_NO_BK_PARENS        | RE_NO_BK_REFS                             \
+   | RE_NO_BK_VBAR          | RE_UNMATCHED_RIGHT_PAREN_ORD)
+/* [[[end syntaxes]]] */
+
+/* Maximum number of duplicates an interval can allow.  Some systems
+   (erroneously) define this in other header files, but we want our
+   value, so remove any previous define.  */
+# ifdef RE_DUP_MAX
+#  undef RE_DUP_MAX
+# endif
+/* If sizeof(int) == 2, then ((1 << 15) - 1) overflows.  */
+# define RE_DUP_MAX (0x7fff)
+#endif
+
+
+/* POSIX `cflags' bits (i.e., information for `regcomp').  */
+
+/* If this bit is set, then use extended regular expression syntax.
+   If not set, then use basic regular expression syntax.  */
+#define REG_EXTENDED 1
+
+/* If this bit is set, then ignore case when matching.
+   If not set, then case is significant.  */
+#define REG_ICASE (REG_EXTENDED << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then anchors do not match at newline
+     characters in the string.
+   If not set, then anchors do match at newlines.  */
+#define REG_NEWLINE (REG_ICASE << 1)
+
+/* If this bit is set, then report only success or fail in regexec.
+   If not set, then returns differ between not matching and errors.  */
+#define REG_NOSUB (REG_NEWLINE << 1)
+
+
+/* POSIX `eflags' bits (i.e., information for regexec).  */
+
+/* If this bit is set, then the beginning-of-line operator doesn't match
+     the beginning of the string (presumably because it's not the
+     beginning of a line).
+   If not set, then the beginning-of-line operator does match the
+     beginning of the string.  */
+#define REG_NOTBOL 1
+
+/* Like REG_NOTBOL, except for the end-of-line.  */
+#define REG_NOTEOL (1 << 1)
+
+/* Use PMATCH[0] to delimit the start and end of the search in the
+   buffer.  */
+#define REG_STARTEND (1 << 2)
+
+
+/* If any error codes are removed, changed, or added, update the
+   `re_error_msg' table in regex.c.  */
+typedef enum
+{
+#if defined _XOPEN_SOURCE || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
+  REG_ENOSYS = -1,      /* This will never happen for this implementation.  */
+#endif
+
+  REG_NOERROR = 0,      /* Success.  */
+  REG_NOMATCH,          /* Didn't find a match (for regexec).  */
+
+  /* POSIX regcomp return error codes.  (In the order listed in the
+     standard.)  */
+  REG_BADPAT,           /* Invalid pattern.  */
+  REG_ECOLLATE,         /* Inalid collating element.  */
+  REG_ECTYPE,           /* Invalid character class name.  */
+  REG_EESCAPE,          /* Trailing backslash.  */
+  REG_ESUBREG,          /* Invalid back reference.  */
+  REG_EBRACK,           /* Unmatched left bracket.  */
+  REG_EPAREN,           /* Parenthesis imbalance.  */
+  REG_EBRACE,           /* Unmatched \{.  */
+  REG_BADBR,            /* Invalid contents of \{\}.  */
+  REG_ERANGE,           /* Invalid range end.  */
+  REG_ESPACE,           /* Ran out of memory.  */
+  REG_BADRPT,           /* No preceding re for repetition op.  */
+
+  /* Error codes we've added.  */
+  REG_EEND,             /* Premature end.  */
+  REG_ESIZE,            /* Compiled pattern bigger than 2^16 bytes.  */
+  REG_ERPAREN           /* Unmatched ) or \); not returned from regcomp.  */
+} reg_errcode_t;
+
+/* This data structure represents a compiled pattern.  Before calling
+   the pattern compiler, the fields `buffer', `allocated', `fastmap',
+   `translate', and `no_sub' can be set.  After the pattern has been
+   compiled, the `re_nsub' field is available.  All other fields are
+   private to the regex routines.  */
+
+#ifndef RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE
+# define __RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE unsigned char *
+# ifdef __USE_GNU
+#  define RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE __RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __USE_GNU
+# define __REPB_PREFIX(name) name
+#else
+# define __REPB_PREFIX(name) __##name
+#endif
+
+struct re_pattern_buffer
+{
+  /* Space that holds the compiled pattern.  It is declared as
+     `unsigned char *' because its elements are sometimes used as
+     array indexes.  */
+  unsigned char *__REPB_PREFIX(buffer);
+
+  /* Number of bytes to which `buffer' points.  */
+  unsigned long int __REPB_PREFIX(allocated);
+
+  /* Number of bytes actually used in `buffer'.  */
+  unsigned long int __REPB_PREFIX(used);
+
+  /* Syntax setting with which the pattern was compiled.  */
+  reg_syntax_t __REPB_PREFIX(syntax);
+
+  /* Pointer to a fastmap, if any, otherwise zero.  re_search uses the
+     fastmap, if there is one, to skip over impossible starting points
+     for matches.  */
+  char *__REPB_PREFIX(fastmap);
+
+  /* Either a translate table to apply to all characters before
+     comparing them, or zero for no translation.  The translation is
+     applied to a pattern when it is compiled and to a string when it
+     is matched.  */
+  __RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE __REPB_PREFIX(translate);
+
+  /* Number of subexpressions found by the compiler.  */
+  size_t re_nsub;
+
+  /* Zero if this pattern cannot match the empty string, one else.
+     Well, in truth it's used only in `re_search_2', to see whether or
+     not we should use the fastmap, so we don't set this absolutely
+     perfectly; see `re_compile_fastmap' (the `duplicate' case).  */
+  unsigned __REPB_PREFIX(can_be_null) : 1;
+
+  /* If REGS_UNALLOCATED, allocate space in the `regs' structure
+     for `max (RE_NREGS, re_nsub + 1)' groups.
+     If REGS_REALLOCATE, reallocate space if necessary.
+     If REGS_FIXED, use what's there.  */
+#ifdef __USE_GNU
+# define REGS_UNALLOCATED 0
+# define REGS_REALLOCATE 1
+# define REGS_FIXED 2
+#endif
+  unsigned __REPB_PREFIX(regs_allocated) : 2;
+
+  /* Set to zero when `regex_compile' compiles a pattern; set to one
+     by `re_compile_fastmap' if it updates the fastmap.  */
+  unsigned __REPB_PREFIX(fastmap_accurate) : 1;
+
+  /* If set, `re_match_2' does not return information about
+     subexpressions.  */
+  unsigned __REPB_PREFIX(no_sub) : 1;
+
+  /* If set, a beginning-of-line anchor doesn't match at the beginning
+     of the string.  */
+  unsigned __REPB_PREFIX(not_bol) : 1;
+
+  /* Similarly for an end-of-line anchor.  */
+  unsigned __REPB_PREFIX(not_eol) : 1;
+
+  /* If true, an anchor at a newline matches.  */
+  unsigned __REPB_PREFIX(newline_anchor) : 1;
+};
+
+typedef struct re_pattern_buffer regex_t;
+
+/* Type for byte offsets within the string.  POSIX mandates this.  */
+typedef int regoff_t;
+
+
+#ifdef __USE_GNU
+/* This is the structure we store register match data in.  See
+   regex.texinfo for a full description of what registers match.  */
+struct re_registers
+{
+  unsigned num_regs;
+  regoff_t *start;
+  regoff_t *end;
+};
+
+
+/* If `regs_allocated' is REGS_UNALLOCATED in the pattern buffer,
+   `re_match_2' returns information about at least this many registers
+   the first time a `regs' structure is passed.  */
+# ifndef RE_NREGS
+#  define RE_NREGS 30
+# endif
+#endif
+
+
+/* POSIX specification for registers.  Aside from the different names than
+   `re_registers', POSIX uses an array of structures, instead of a
+   structure of arrays.  */
+typedef struct
+{
+  regoff_t rm_so;  /* Byte offset from string's start to substring's start.  */
+  regoff_t rm_eo;  /* Byte offset from string's start to substring's end.  */
+} regmatch_t;
+
+/* Declarations for routines.  */
+
+#ifdef __USE_GNU
+/* Sets the current default syntax to SYNTAX, and return the old syntax.
+   You can also simply assign to the `re_syntax_options' variable.  */
+extern reg_syntax_t re_set_syntax (reg_syntax_t __syntax);
+
+/* Compile the regular expression PATTERN, with length LENGTH
+   and syntax given by the global `re_syntax_options', into the buffer
+   BUFFER.  Return NULL if successful, and an error string if not.  */
+extern const char *re_compile_pattern (const char *__pattern, size_t __length,
+                                       struct re_pattern_buffer *__buffer);
+
+
+/* Compile a fastmap for the compiled pattern in BUFFER; used to
+   accelerate searches.  Return 0 if successful and -2 if was an
+   internal error.  */
+extern int re_compile_fastmap (struct re_pattern_buffer *__buffer);
+
+
+/* Search in the string STRING (with length LENGTH) for the pattern
+   compiled into BUFFER.  Start searching at position START, for RANGE
+   characters.  Return the starting position of the match, -1 for no
+   match, or -2 for an internal error.  Also return register
+   information in REGS (if REGS and BUFFER->no_sub are nonzero).  */
+extern int re_search (struct re_pattern_buffer *__buffer, const char *__cstring,
+                      int __length, int __start, int __range,
+                      struct re_registers *__regs);
+
+
+/* Like `re_search', but search in the concatenation of STRING1 and
+   STRING2.  Also, stop searching at index START + STOP.  */
+extern int re_search_2 (struct re_pattern_buffer *__buffer,
+                        const char *__string1, int __length1,
+                        const char *__string2, int __length2, int __start,
+                        int __range, struct re_registers *__regs, int __stop);
+
+
+/* Like `re_search', but return how many characters in STRING the regexp
+   in BUFFER matched, starting at position START.  */
+extern int re_match (struct re_pattern_buffer *__buffer, const char *__cstring,
+                     int __length, int __start, struct re_registers *__regs);
+
+
+/* Relates to `re_match' as `re_search_2' relates to `re_search'.  */
+extern int re_match_2 (struct re_pattern_buffer *__buffer,
+                       const char *__string1, int __length1,
+                       const char *__string2, int __length2, int __start,
+                       struct re_registers *__regs, int __stop);
+
+
+/* Set REGS to hold NUM_REGS registers, storing them in STARTS and
+   ENDS.  Subsequent matches using BUFFER and REGS will use this memory
+   for recording register information.  STARTS and ENDS must be
+   allocated with malloc, and must each be at least `NUM_REGS * sizeof
+   (regoff_t)' bytes long.
+
+   If NUM_REGS == 0, then subsequent matches should allocate their own
+   register data.
+
+   Unless this function is called, the first search or match using
+   PATTERN_BUFFER will allocate its own register data, without
+   freeing the old data.  */
+extern void re_set_registers (struct re_pattern_buffer *__buffer,
+                              struct re_registers *__regs,
+                              unsigned int __num_regs,
+                              regoff_t *__starts, regoff_t *__ends);
+#endif  /* Use GNU */
+
+#if defined _REGEX_RE_COMP || (defined _LIBC && defined __USE_BSD)
+# ifndef _CRAY
+/* 4.2 bsd compatibility.  */
+extern char *re_comp (const char *);
+extern int re_exec (const char *);
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* GCC 2.95 and later have "__restrict"; C99 compilers have
+   "restrict", and "configure" may have defined "restrict".  */
+#ifndef __restrict
+# if ! (2 < __GNUC__ || (2 == __GNUC__ && 95 <= __GNUC_MINOR__))
+#  if defined restrict || 199901L <= __STDC_VERSION__
+#   define __restrict restrict
+#  else
+#   define __restrict
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+/* gcc 3.1 and up support the [restrict] syntax.  */
+#ifndef __restrict_arr
+# if (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1)) \
+     && !defined __GNUG__
+#  define __restrict_arr __restrict
+# else
+#  define __restrict_arr
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* POSIX compatibility.  */
+extern int regcomp (regex_t *__restrict __preg,
+                    const char *__restrict __pattern,
+                    int __cflags);
+
+extern int regexec (const regex_t *__restrict __preg,
+                    const char *__restrict __cstring, size_t __nmatch,
+                    regmatch_t __pmatch[__restrict_arr],
+                    int __eflags);
+
+extern size_t regerror (int __errcode, const regex_t *__restrict __preg,
+                        char *__restrict __errbuf, size_t __errbuf_size);
+
+extern void regfree (regex_t *__preg);
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif  /* C++ */
+
+#endif /* regex.h */
diff --git a/win32/regex_internal.c b/win32/regex_internal.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c33561743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/regex_internal.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1744 @@
+/* Extended regular expression matching and search library.
+   Copyright (C) 2002-2006, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+   Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301 USA.  */
+
+static void re_string_construct_common (const char *str, int len,
+                                        re_string_t *pstr,
+                                        RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, int icase,
+                                        const re_dfa_t *dfa) internal_function;
+static re_dfastate_t *create_ci_newstate (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                          const re_node_set *nodes,
+                                          unsigned int hash) internal_function;
+static re_dfastate_t *create_cd_newstate (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                          const re_node_set *nodes,
+                                          unsigned int context,
+                                          unsigned int hash) internal_function;
+
+#ifdef GAWK
+#undef MAX      /* safety */
+static int
+MAX(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+        return (a > b ? a : b);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Functions for string operation.  */
+
+/* This function allocate the buffers.  It is necessary to call
+   re_string_reconstruct before using the object.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_string_allocate (re_string_t *pstr, const char *str, int len, int init_len,
+                    RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, int icase, const re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  int init_buf_len;
+
+  /* Ensure at least one character fits into the buffers.  */
+  if (init_len < dfa->mb_cur_max)
+    init_len = dfa->mb_cur_max;
+  init_buf_len = (len + 1 < init_len) ? len + 1: init_len;
+  re_string_construct_common (str, len, pstr, trans, icase, dfa);
+
+  ret = re_string_realloc_buffers (pstr, init_buf_len);
+  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return ret;
+
+  pstr->word_char = dfa->word_char;
+  pstr->word_ops_used = dfa->word_ops_used;
+  pstr->mbs = pstr->mbs_allocated ? pstr->mbs : (unsigned char *) str;
+  pstr->valid_len = (pstr->mbs_allocated || dfa->mb_cur_max > 1) ? 0 : len;
+  pstr->valid_raw_len = pstr->valid_len;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* This function allocate the buffers, and initialize them.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_string_construct (re_string_t *pstr, const char *str, int len,
+                     RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, int icase, const re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  memset (pstr, '\0', sizeof (re_string_t));
+  re_string_construct_common (str, len, pstr, trans, icase, dfa);
+
+  if (len > 0)
+    {
+      ret = re_string_realloc_buffers (pstr, len + 1);
+      if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return ret;
+    }
+  pstr->mbs = pstr->mbs_allocated ? pstr->mbs : (unsigned char *) str;
+
+  if (icase)
+    {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        {
+          while (1)
+            {
+              ret = build_wcs_upper_buffer (pstr);
+              if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                return ret;
+              if (pstr->valid_raw_len >= len)
+                break;
+              if (pstr->bufs_len > pstr->valid_len + dfa->mb_cur_max)
+                break;
+              ret = re_string_realloc_buffers (pstr, pstr->bufs_len * 2);
+              if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+      else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N  */
+        build_upper_buffer (pstr);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        build_wcs_buffer (pstr);
+      else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N  */
+        {
+          if (trans != NULL)
+            re_string_translate_buffer (pstr);
+          else
+            {
+              pstr->valid_len = pstr->bufs_len;
+              pstr->valid_raw_len = pstr->bufs_len;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Helper functions for re_string_allocate, and re_string_construct.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_string_realloc_buffers (re_string_t *pstr, int new_buf_len)
+{
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    {
+      wint_t *new_wcs;
+
+      /* Avoid overflow in realloc.  */
+      const size_t max_object_size = MAX (sizeof (wint_t), sizeof (int));
+      if (BE (SIZE_MAX / max_object_size < new_buf_len, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+
+      new_wcs = re_realloc (pstr->wcs, wint_t, new_buf_len);
+      if (BE (new_wcs == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      pstr->wcs = new_wcs;
+      if (pstr->offsets != NULL)
+        {
+          int *new_offsets = re_realloc (pstr->offsets, int, new_buf_len);
+          if (BE (new_offsets == NULL, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+          pstr->offsets = new_offsets;
+        }
+    }
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N  */
+  if (pstr->mbs_allocated)
+    {
+      unsigned char *new_mbs = re_realloc (pstr->mbs, unsigned char,
+                                           new_buf_len);
+      if (BE (new_mbs == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      pstr->mbs = new_mbs;
+    }
+  pstr->bufs_len = new_buf_len;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+
+static void
+internal_function
+re_string_construct_common (const char *str, int len, re_string_t *pstr,
+                            RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans, int icase,
+                            const re_dfa_t *dfa)
+{
+  pstr->raw_mbs = (const unsigned char *) str;
+  pstr->len = len;
+  pstr->raw_len = len;
+  pstr->trans = trans;
+  pstr->icase = icase ? 1 : 0;
+  pstr->mbs_allocated = (trans != NULL || icase);
+  pstr->mb_cur_max = dfa->mb_cur_max;
+  pstr->is_utf8 = dfa->is_utf8;
+  pstr->map_notascii = dfa->map_notascii;
+  pstr->stop = pstr->len;
+  pstr->raw_stop = pstr->stop;
+}
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+
+/* Build wide character buffer PSTR->WCS.
+   If the byte sequence of the string are:
+     <mb1>(0), <mb1>(1), <mb2>(0), <mb2>(1), <sb3>
+   Then wide character buffer will be:
+     <wc1>   , WEOF    , <wc2>   , WEOF    , <wc3>
+   We use WEOF for padding, they indicate that the position isn't
+   a first byte of a multibyte character.
+
+   Note that this function assumes PSTR->VALID_LEN elements are already
+   built and starts from PSTR->VALID_LEN.  */
+
+static void
+internal_function
+build_wcs_buffer (re_string_t *pstr)
+{
+#ifdef _LIBC
+  unsigned char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
+  assert (MB_LEN_MAX >= pstr->mb_cur_max);
+#else
+  unsigned char buf[64];
+#endif
+  mbstate_t prev_st;
+  int byte_idx, end_idx, remain_len;
+  size_t mbclen;
+
+  /* Build the buffers from pstr->valid_len to either pstr->len or
+     pstr->bufs_len.  */
+  end_idx = (pstr->bufs_len > pstr->len) ? pstr->len : pstr->bufs_len;
+  for (byte_idx = pstr->valid_len; byte_idx < end_idx;)
+    {
+      wchar_t wc;
+      const char *p;
+
+      remain_len = end_idx - byte_idx;
+      prev_st = pstr->cur_state;
+      /* Apply the translation if we need.  */
+      if (BE (pstr->trans != NULL, 0))
+        {
+          int i, ch;
+
+          for (i = 0; i < pstr->mb_cur_max && i < remain_len; ++i)
+            {
+              ch = pstr->raw_mbs [pstr->raw_mbs_idx + byte_idx + i];
+              buf[i] = pstr->mbs[byte_idx + i] = pstr->trans[ch];
+            }
+          p = (const char *) buf;
+        }
+      else
+        p = (const char *) pstr->raw_mbs + pstr->raw_mbs_idx + byte_idx;
+      mbclen = __mbrtowc (&wc, p, remain_len, &pstr->cur_state);
+      if (BE (mbclen == (size_t) -2, 0))
+        {
+          /* The buffer doesn't have enough space, finish to build.  */
+          pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+          break;
+        }
+      else if (BE (mbclen == (size_t) -1 || mbclen == 0, 0))
+        {
+          /* We treat these cases as a singlebyte character.  */
+          mbclen = 1;
+          wc = (wchar_t) pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + byte_idx];
+          if (BE (pstr->trans != NULL, 0))
+            wc = pstr->trans[wc];
+          pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+        }
+
+      /* Write wide character and padding.  */
+      pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = wc;
+      /* Write paddings.  */
+      for (remain_len = byte_idx + mbclen - 1; byte_idx < remain_len ;)
+        pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = WEOF;
+    }
+  pstr->valid_len = byte_idx;
+  pstr->valid_raw_len = byte_idx;
+}
+
+/* Build wide character buffer PSTR->WCS like build_wcs_buffer,
+   but for REG_ICASE.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+build_wcs_upper_buffer (re_string_t *pstr)
+{
+  mbstate_t prev_st;
+  int src_idx, byte_idx, end_idx, remain_len;
+  size_t mbclen;
+#ifdef _LIBC
+  char buf[MB_LEN_MAX];
+  assert (MB_LEN_MAX >= pstr->mb_cur_max);
+#else
+  char buf[64];
+#endif
+
+  byte_idx = pstr->valid_len;
+  end_idx = (pstr->bufs_len > pstr->len) ? pstr->len : pstr->bufs_len;
+
+  /* The following optimization assumes that ASCII characters can be
+     mapped to wide characters with a simple cast.  */
+  if (! pstr->map_notascii && pstr->trans == NULL && !pstr->offsets_needed)
+    {
+      while (byte_idx < end_idx)
+        {
+          wchar_t wc;
+
+          if (isascii (pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + byte_idx])
+              && mbsinit (&pstr->cur_state))
+            {
+              /* In case of a singlebyte character.  */
+              pstr->mbs[byte_idx]
+                = toupper (pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + byte_idx]);
+              /* The next step uses the assumption that wchar_t is encoded
+                 ASCII-safe: all ASCII values can be converted like this.  */
+              pstr->wcs[byte_idx] = (wchar_t) pstr->mbs[byte_idx];
+              ++byte_idx;
+              continue;
+            }
+
+          remain_len = end_idx - byte_idx;
+          prev_st = pstr->cur_state;
+          mbclen = __mbrtowc (&wc,
+                              ((const char *) pstr->raw_mbs + pstr->raw_mbs_idx
+                               + byte_idx), remain_len, &pstr->cur_state);
+          if (BE (mbclen + 2 > 2, 1))
+            {
+              wchar_t wcu = wc;
+              if (iswlower (wc))
+                {
+                  size_t mbcdlen;
+
+                  wcu = towupper (wc);
+                  mbcdlen = wcrtomb (buf, wcu, &prev_st);
+                  if (BE (mbclen == mbcdlen, 1))
+                    memcpy (pstr->mbs + byte_idx, buf, mbclen);
+                  else
+                    {
+                      src_idx = byte_idx;
+                      goto offsets_needed;
+                    }
+                }
+              else
+                memcpy (pstr->mbs + byte_idx,
+                        pstr->raw_mbs + pstr->raw_mbs_idx + byte_idx, mbclen);
+              pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = wcu;
+              /* Write paddings.  */
+              for (remain_len = byte_idx + mbclen - 1; byte_idx < remain_len ;)
+                pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = WEOF;
+            }
+          else if (mbclen == (size_t) -1 || mbclen == 0)
+            {
+              /* It is an invalid character or '\0'.  Just use the byte.  */
+              int ch = pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + byte_idx];
+              pstr->mbs[byte_idx] = ch;
+              /* And also cast it to wide char.  */
+              pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = (wchar_t) ch;
+              if (BE (mbclen == (size_t) -1, 0))
+                pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              /* The buffer doesn't have enough space, finish to build.  */
+              pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+      pstr->valid_len = byte_idx;
+      pstr->valid_raw_len = byte_idx;
+      return REG_NOERROR;
+    }
+  else
+    for (src_idx = pstr->valid_raw_len; byte_idx < end_idx;)
+      {
+        wchar_t wc;
+        const char *p;
+      offsets_needed:
+        remain_len = end_idx - byte_idx;
+        prev_st = pstr->cur_state;
+        if (BE (pstr->trans != NULL, 0))
+          {
+            int i, ch;
+
+            for (i = 0; i < pstr->mb_cur_max && i < remain_len; ++i)
+              {
+                ch = pstr->raw_mbs [pstr->raw_mbs_idx + src_idx + i];
+                buf[i] = pstr->trans[ch];
+              }
+            p = (const char *) buf;
+          }
+        else
+          p = (const char *) pstr->raw_mbs + pstr->raw_mbs_idx + src_idx;
+        mbclen = __mbrtowc (&wc, p, remain_len, &pstr->cur_state);
+        if (BE (mbclen + 2 > 2, 1))
+          {
+            wchar_t wcu = wc;
+            if (iswlower (wc))
+              {
+                size_t mbcdlen;
+
+                wcu = towupper (wc);
+                mbcdlen = wcrtomb ((char *) buf, wcu, &prev_st);
+                if (BE (mbclen == mbcdlen, 1))
+                  memcpy (pstr->mbs + byte_idx, buf, mbclen);
+                else if (mbcdlen != (size_t) -1)
+                  {
+                    size_t i;
+
+                    if (byte_idx + mbcdlen > pstr->bufs_len)
+                      {
+                        pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+                        break;
+                      }
+
+                    if (pstr->offsets == NULL)
+                      {
+                        pstr->offsets = re_malloc (int, pstr->bufs_len);
+
+                        if (pstr->offsets == NULL)
+                          return REG_ESPACE;
+                      }
+                    if (!pstr->offsets_needed)
+                      {
+                        for (i = 0; i < (size_t) byte_idx; ++i)
+                          pstr->offsets[i] = i;
+                        pstr->offsets_needed = 1;
+                      }
+
+                    memcpy (pstr->mbs + byte_idx, buf, mbcdlen);
+                    pstr->wcs[byte_idx] = wcu;
+                    pstr->offsets[byte_idx] = src_idx;
+                    for (i = 1; i < mbcdlen; ++i)
+                      {
+                        pstr->offsets[byte_idx + i]
+                          = src_idx + (i < mbclen ? i : mbclen - 1);
+                        pstr->wcs[byte_idx + i] = WEOF;
+                      }
+                    pstr->len += mbcdlen - mbclen;
+                    if (pstr->raw_stop > src_idx)
+                      pstr->stop += mbcdlen - mbclen;
+                    end_idx = (pstr->bufs_len > pstr->len)
+                              ? pstr->len : pstr->bufs_len;
+                    byte_idx += mbcdlen;
+                    src_idx += mbclen;
+                    continue;
+                  }
+                else
+                  memcpy (pstr->mbs + byte_idx, p, mbclen);
+              }
+            else
+              memcpy (pstr->mbs + byte_idx, p, mbclen);
+
+            if (BE (pstr->offsets_needed != 0, 0))
+              {
+                size_t i;
+                for (i = 0; i < mbclen; ++i)
+                  pstr->offsets[byte_idx + i] = src_idx + i;
+              }
+            src_idx += mbclen;
+
+            pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = wcu;
+            /* Write paddings.  */
+            for (remain_len = byte_idx + mbclen - 1; byte_idx < remain_len ;)
+              pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = WEOF;
+          }
+        else if (mbclen == (size_t) -1 || mbclen == 0)
+          {
+            /* It is an invalid character or '\0'.  Just use the byte.  */
+            int ch = pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + src_idx];
+
+            if (BE (pstr->trans != NULL, 0))
+              ch = pstr->trans [ch];
+            pstr->mbs[byte_idx] = ch;
+
+            if (BE (pstr->offsets_needed != 0, 0))
+              pstr->offsets[byte_idx] = src_idx;
+            ++src_idx;
+
+            /* And also cast it to wide char.  */
+            pstr->wcs[byte_idx++] = (wchar_t) ch;
+            if (BE (mbclen == (size_t) -1, 0))
+              pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+          }
+        else
+          {
+            /* The buffer doesn't have enough space, finish to build.  */
+            pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+            break;
+          }
+      }
+  pstr->valid_len = byte_idx;
+  pstr->valid_raw_len = src_idx;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Skip characters until the index becomes greater than NEW_RAW_IDX.
+   Return the index.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+re_string_skip_chars (re_string_t *pstr, int new_raw_idx, wint_t *last_wc)
+{
+  mbstate_t prev_st;
+  int rawbuf_idx;
+  size_t mbclen;
+  wint_t wc = WEOF;
+
+  /* Skip the characters which are not necessary to check.  */
+  for (rawbuf_idx = pstr->raw_mbs_idx + pstr->valid_raw_len;
+       rawbuf_idx < new_raw_idx;)
+    {
+      wchar_t wc2;
+      int remain_len = pstr->len - rawbuf_idx;
+      prev_st = pstr->cur_state;
+      mbclen = __mbrtowc (&wc2, (const char *) pstr->raw_mbs + rawbuf_idx,
+                          remain_len, &pstr->cur_state);
+      if (BE (mbclen == (size_t) -2 || mbclen == (size_t) -1 || mbclen == 0, 0))
+        {
+          /* We treat these cases as a single byte character.  */
+          if (mbclen == 0 || remain_len == 0)
+            wc = L'\0';
+          else
+            wc = *(unsigned char *) (pstr->raw_mbs + rawbuf_idx);
+          mbclen = 1;
+          pstr->cur_state = prev_st;
+        }
+      else
+        wc = (wint_t) wc2;
+      /* Then proceed the next character.  */
+      rawbuf_idx += mbclen;
+    }
+  *last_wc = (wint_t) wc;
+  return rawbuf_idx;
+}
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N  */
+
+/* Build the buffer PSTR->MBS, and apply the translation if we need.
+   This function is used in case of REG_ICASE.  */
+
+static void
+internal_function
+build_upper_buffer (re_string_t *pstr)
+{
+  int char_idx, end_idx;
+  end_idx = (pstr->bufs_len > pstr->len) ? pstr->len : pstr->bufs_len;
+
+  for (char_idx = pstr->valid_len; char_idx < end_idx; ++char_idx)
+    {
+      int ch = pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + char_idx];
+      if (BE (pstr->trans != NULL, 0))
+        ch = pstr->trans[ch];
+      if (islower (ch))
+        pstr->mbs[char_idx] = toupper (ch);
+      else
+        pstr->mbs[char_idx] = ch;
+    }
+  pstr->valid_len = char_idx;
+  pstr->valid_raw_len = char_idx;
+}
+
+/* Apply TRANS to the buffer in PSTR.  */
+
+static void
+internal_function
+re_string_translate_buffer (re_string_t *pstr)
+{
+  int buf_idx, end_idx;
+  end_idx = (pstr->bufs_len > pstr->len) ? pstr->len : pstr->bufs_len;
+
+  for (buf_idx = pstr->valid_len; buf_idx < end_idx; ++buf_idx)
+    {
+      int ch = pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + buf_idx];
+      pstr->mbs[buf_idx] = pstr->trans[ch];
+    }
+
+  pstr->valid_len = buf_idx;
+  pstr->valid_raw_len = buf_idx;
+}
+
+/* This function re-construct the buffers.
+   Concretely, convert to wide character in case of pstr->mb_cur_max > 1,
+   convert to upper case in case of REG_ICASE, apply translation.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_string_reconstruct (re_string_t *pstr, int idx, int eflags)
+{
+  int offset = idx - pstr->raw_mbs_idx;
+  if (BE (offset < 0, 0))
+    {
+      /* Reset buffer.  */
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        memset (&pstr->cur_state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+      pstr->len = pstr->raw_len;
+      pstr->stop = pstr->raw_stop;
+      pstr->valid_len = 0;
+      pstr->raw_mbs_idx = 0;
+      pstr->valid_raw_len = 0;
+      pstr->offsets_needed = 0;
+      pstr->tip_context = ((eflags & REG_NOTBOL) ? CONTEXT_BEGBUF
+                           : CONTEXT_NEWLINE | CONTEXT_BEGBUF);
+      if (!pstr->mbs_allocated)
+        pstr->mbs = (unsigned char *) pstr->raw_mbs;
+      offset = idx;
+    }
+
+  if (BE (offset != 0, 1))
+    {
+      /* Should the already checked characters be kept?  */
+      if (BE (offset < pstr->valid_raw_len, 1))
+        {
+          /* Yes, move them to the front of the buffer.  */
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+          if (BE (pstr->offsets_needed, 0))
+            {
+              int low = 0, high = pstr->valid_len, mid;
+              do
+                {
+                  mid = (high + low) / 2;
+                  if (pstr->offsets[mid] > offset)
+                    high = mid;
+                  else if (pstr->offsets[mid] < offset)
+                    low = mid + 1;
+                  else
+                    break;
+                }
+              while (low < high);
+              if (pstr->offsets[mid] < offset)
+                ++mid;
+              pstr->tip_context = re_string_context_at (pstr, mid - 1,
+                                                        eflags);
+              /* This can be quite complicated, so handle specially
+                 only the common and easy case where the character with
+                 different length representation of lower and upper
+                 case is present at or after offset.  */
+              if (pstr->valid_len > offset
+                  && mid == offset && pstr->offsets[mid] == offset)
+                {
+                  memmove (pstr->wcs, pstr->wcs + offset,
+                           (pstr->valid_len - offset) * sizeof (wint_t));
+                  memmove (pstr->mbs, pstr->mbs + offset, pstr->valid_len - offset);
+                  pstr->valid_len -= offset;
+                  pstr->valid_raw_len -= offset;
+                  for (low = 0; low < pstr->valid_len; low++)
+                    pstr->offsets[low] = pstr->offsets[low + offset] - offset;
+                }
+              else
+                {
+                  /* Otherwise, just find out how long the partial multibyte
+                     character at offset is and fill it with WEOF/255.  */
+                  pstr->len = pstr->raw_len - idx + offset;
+                  pstr->stop = pstr->raw_stop - idx + offset;
+                  pstr->offsets_needed = 0;
+                  while (mid > 0 && pstr->offsets[mid - 1] == offset)
+                    --mid;
+                  while (mid < pstr->valid_len)
+                    if (pstr->wcs[mid] != WEOF)
+                      break;
+                    else
+                      ++mid;
+                  if (mid == pstr->valid_len)
+                    pstr->valid_len = 0;
+                  else
+                    {
+                      pstr->valid_len = pstr->offsets[mid] - offset;
+                      if (pstr->valid_len)
+                        {
+                          for (low = 0; low < pstr->valid_len; ++low)
+                            pstr->wcs[low] = WEOF;
+                          memset (pstr->mbs, 255, pstr->valid_len);
+                        }
+                    }
+                  pstr->valid_raw_len = pstr->valid_len;
+                }
+            }
+          else
+#endif
+            {
+              pstr->tip_context = re_string_context_at (pstr, offset - 1,
+                                                        eflags);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+              if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1)
+                memmove (pstr->wcs, pstr->wcs + offset,
+                         (pstr->valid_len - offset) * sizeof (wint_t));
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+              if (BE (pstr->mbs_allocated, 0))
+                memmove (pstr->mbs, pstr->mbs + offset,
+                         pstr->valid_len - offset);
+              pstr->valid_len -= offset;
+              pstr->valid_raw_len -= offset;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+              assert (pstr->valid_len > 0);
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+          /* No, skip all characters until IDX.  */
+          int prev_valid_len = pstr->valid_len;
+
+          if (BE (pstr->offsets_needed, 0))
+            {
+              pstr->len = pstr->raw_len - idx + offset;
+              pstr->stop = pstr->raw_stop - idx + offset;
+              pstr->offsets_needed = 0;
+            }
+#endif
+          pstr->valid_len = 0;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+          if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1)
+            {
+              int wcs_idx;
+              wint_t wc = WEOF;
+
+              if (pstr->is_utf8)
+                {
+                  const unsigned char *raw, *p, *end;
+
+                  /* Special case UTF-8.  Multi-byte chars start with any
+                     byte other than 0x80 - 0xbf.  */
+                  raw = pstr->raw_mbs + pstr->raw_mbs_idx;
+                  end = raw + (offset - pstr->mb_cur_max);
+                  if (end < pstr->raw_mbs)
+                    end = pstr->raw_mbs;
+                  p = raw + offset - 1;
+#ifdef _LIBC
+                  /* We know the wchar_t encoding is UCS4, so for the simple
+                     case, ASCII characters, skip the conversion step.  */
+                  if (isascii (*p) && BE (pstr->trans == NULL, 1))
+                    {
+                      memset (&pstr->cur_state, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+                      /* pstr->valid_len = 0; */
+                      wc = (wchar_t) *p;
+                    }
+                  else
+#endif
+                    for (; p >= end; --p)
+                      if ((*p & 0xc0) != 0x80)
+                        {
+                          mbstate_t cur_state;
+                          wchar_t wc2;
+                          int mlen = raw + pstr->len - p;
+                          unsigned char buf[6];
+                          size_t mbclen;
+
+                          if (BE (pstr->trans != NULL, 0))
+                            {
+                              int i = mlen < 6 ? mlen : 6;
+                              while (--i >= 0)
+                                buf[i] = pstr->trans[p[i]];
+                            }
+                          /* XXX Don't use mbrtowc, we know which conversion
+                             to use (UTF-8 -> UCS4).  */
+                          memset (&cur_state, 0, sizeof (cur_state));
+                          mbclen = __mbrtowc (&wc2, (const char *) p, mlen,
+                                              &cur_state);
+                          if (raw + offset - p <= mbclen
+                              && mbclen < (size_t) -2)
+                            {
+                              memset (&pstr->cur_state, '\0',
+                                      sizeof (mbstate_t));
+                              pstr->valid_len = mbclen - (raw + offset - p);
+                              wc = wc2;
+                            }
+                          break;
+                        }
+                }
+
+              if (wc == WEOF)
+                pstr->valid_len = re_string_skip_chars (pstr, idx, &wc) - idx;
+              if (wc == WEOF)
+                pstr->tip_context
+                  = re_string_context_at (pstr, prev_valid_len - 1, eflags);
+              else
+                pstr->tip_context = ((BE (pstr->word_ops_used != 0, 0)
+                                      && IS_WIDE_WORD_CHAR (wc))
+                                     ? CONTEXT_WORD
+                                     : ((IS_WIDE_NEWLINE (wc)
+                                         && pstr->newline_anchor)
+                                        ? CONTEXT_NEWLINE : 0));
+              if (BE (pstr->valid_len, 0))
+                {
+                  for (wcs_idx = 0; wcs_idx < pstr->valid_len; ++wcs_idx)
+                    pstr->wcs[wcs_idx] = WEOF;
+                  if (pstr->mbs_allocated)
+                    memset (pstr->mbs, 255, pstr->valid_len);
+                }
+              pstr->valid_raw_len = pstr->valid_len;
+            }
+          else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+            {
+              int c = pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + offset - 1];
+              pstr->valid_raw_len = 0;
+              if (pstr->trans)
+                c = pstr->trans[c];
+              pstr->tip_context = (bitset_contain (pstr->word_char, c)
+                                   ? CONTEXT_WORD
+                                   : ((IS_NEWLINE (c) && pstr->newline_anchor)
+                                      ? CONTEXT_NEWLINE : 0));
+            }
+        }
+      if (!BE (pstr->mbs_allocated, 0))
+        pstr->mbs += offset;
+    }
+  pstr->raw_mbs_idx = idx;
+  pstr->len -= offset;
+  pstr->stop -= offset;
+
+  /* Then build the buffers.  */
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    {
+      if (pstr->icase)
+        {
+          reg_errcode_t ret = build_wcs_upper_buffer (pstr);
+          if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return ret;
+        }
+      else
+        build_wcs_buffer (pstr);
+    }
+  else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+    if (BE (pstr->mbs_allocated, 0))
+      {
+        if (pstr->icase)
+          build_upper_buffer (pstr);
+        else if (pstr->trans != NULL)
+          re_string_translate_buffer (pstr);
+      }
+    else
+      pstr->valid_len = pstr->len;
+
+  pstr->cur_idx = 0;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static unsigned char
+internal_function __attribute ((pure))
+re_string_peek_byte_case (const re_string_t *pstr, int idx)
+{
+  int ch, off;
+
+  /* Handle the common (easiest) cases first.  */
+  if (BE (!pstr->mbs_allocated, 1))
+    return re_string_peek_byte (pstr, idx);
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1
+      && ! re_string_is_single_byte_char (pstr, pstr->cur_idx + idx))
+    return re_string_peek_byte (pstr, idx);
+#endif
+
+  off = pstr->cur_idx + idx;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (pstr->offsets_needed)
+    off = pstr->offsets[off];
+#endif
+
+  ch = pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + off];
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  /* Ensure that e.g. for tr_TR.UTF-8 BACKSLASH DOTLESS SMALL LETTER I
+     this function returns CAPITAL LETTER I instead of first byte of
+     DOTLESS SMALL LETTER I.  The latter would confuse the parser,
+     since peek_byte_case doesn't advance cur_idx in any way.  */
+  if (pstr->offsets_needed && !isascii (ch))
+    return re_string_peek_byte (pstr, idx);
+#endif
+
+  return ch;
+}
+
+static unsigned char
+internal_function __attribute ((pure))
+re_string_fetch_byte_case (re_string_t *pstr)
+{
+  if (BE (!pstr->mbs_allocated, 1))
+    return re_string_fetch_byte (pstr);
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (pstr->offsets_needed)
+    {
+      int off, ch;
+
+      /* For tr_TR.UTF-8 [[:islower:]] there is
+         [[: CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT lower:]] in mbs.  Skip
+         in that case the whole multi-byte character and return
+         the original letter.  On the other side, with
+         [[: DOTLESS SMALL LETTER I return [[:I, as doing
+         anything else would complicate things too much.  */
+
+      if (!re_string_first_byte (pstr, pstr->cur_idx))
+        return re_string_fetch_byte (pstr);
+
+      off = pstr->offsets[pstr->cur_idx];
+      ch = pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + off];
+
+      if (! isascii (ch))
+        return re_string_fetch_byte (pstr);
+
+      re_string_skip_bytes (pstr,
+                            re_string_char_size_at (pstr, pstr->cur_idx));
+      return ch;
+    }
+#endif
+
+  return pstr->raw_mbs[pstr->raw_mbs_idx + pstr->cur_idx++];
+}
+
+static void
+internal_function
+re_string_destruct (re_string_t *pstr)
+{
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  re_free (pstr->wcs);
+  re_free (pstr->offsets);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N  */
+  if (pstr->mbs_allocated)
+    re_free (pstr->mbs);
+}
+
+/* Return the context at IDX in INPUT.  */
+
+static unsigned int
+internal_function
+re_string_context_at (const re_string_t *input, int idx, int eflags)
+{
+  int c;
+  if (BE (idx < 0, 0))
+    /* In this case, we use the value stored in input->tip_context,
+       since we can't know the character in input->mbs[-1] here.  */
+    return input->tip_context;
+  if (BE (idx == input->len, 0))
+    return ((eflags & REG_NOTEOL) ? CONTEXT_ENDBUF
+            : CONTEXT_NEWLINE | CONTEXT_ENDBUF);
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  if (input->mb_cur_max > 1)
+    {
+      wint_t wc;
+      int wc_idx = idx;
+      while(input->wcs[wc_idx] == WEOF)
+        {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+          /* It must not happen.  */
+          assert (wc_idx >= 0);
+#endif
+          --wc_idx;
+          if (wc_idx < 0)
+            return input->tip_context;
+        }
+      wc = input->wcs[wc_idx];
+      if (BE (input->word_ops_used != 0, 0) && IS_WIDE_WORD_CHAR (wc))
+        return CONTEXT_WORD;
+      return (IS_WIDE_NEWLINE (wc) && input->newline_anchor
+              ? CONTEXT_NEWLINE : 0);
+    }
+  else
+#endif
+    {
+      c = re_string_byte_at (input, idx);
+      if (bitset_contain (input->word_char, c))
+        return CONTEXT_WORD;
+      return IS_NEWLINE (c) && input->newline_anchor ? CONTEXT_NEWLINE : 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Functions for set operation.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_node_set_alloc (re_node_set *set, int size)
+{
+  /*
+   * ADR: valgrind says size can be 0, which then doesn't
+   * free the block of size 0.  Harumph. This seems
+   * to work ok, though.
+   */
+  if (size == 0)
+    {
+       memset(set, 0, sizeof(*set));
+       return REG_NOERROR;
+    }
+  set->alloc = size;
+  set->nelem = 0;
+  set->elems = re_malloc (int, size);
+  if (BE (set->elems == NULL, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_node_set_init_1 (re_node_set *set, int elem)
+{
+  set->alloc = 1;
+  set->nelem = 1;
+  set->elems = re_malloc (int, 1);
+  if (BE (set->elems == NULL, 0))
+    {
+      set->alloc = set->nelem = 0;
+      return REG_ESPACE;
+    }
+  set->elems[0] = elem;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_node_set_init_2 (re_node_set *set, int elem1, int elem2)
+{
+  set->alloc = 2;
+  set->elems = re_malloc (int, 2);
+  if (BE (set->elems == NULL, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+  if (elem1 == elem2)
+    {
+      set->nelem = 1;
+      set->elems[0] = elem1;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      set->nelem = 2;
+      if (elem1 < elem2)
+        {
+          set->elems[0] = elem1;
+          set->elems[1] = elem2;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          set->elems[0] = elem2;
+          set->elems[1] = elem1;
+        }
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_node_set_init_copy (re_node_set *dest, const re_node_set *src)
+{
+  dest->nelem = src->nelem;
+  if (src->nelem > 0)
+    {
+      dest->alloc = dest->nelem;
+      dest->elems = re_malloc (int, dest->alloc);
+      if (BE (dest->elems == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          dest->alloc = dest->nelem = 0;
+          return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+      memcpy (dest->elems, src->elems, src->nelem * sizeof (int));
+    }
+  else
+    re_node_set_init_empty (dest);
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Calculate the intersection of the sets SRC1 and SRC2. And merge it to
+   DEST. Return value indicate the error code or REG_NOERROR if succeeded.
+   Note: We assume dest->elems is NULL, when dest->alloc is 0.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_node_set_add_intersect (re_node_set *dest, const re_node_set *src1,
+                           const re_node_set *src2)
+{
+  int i1, i2, is, id, delta, sbase;
+  if (src1->nelem == 0 || src2->nelem == 0)
+    return REG_NOERROR;
+
+  /* We need dest->nelem + 2 * elems_in_intersection; this is a
+     conservative estimate.  */
+  if (src1->nelem + src2->nelem + dest->nelem > dest->alloc)
+    {
+      int new_alloc = src1->nelem + src2->nelem + dest->alloc;
+      int *new_elems = re_realloc (dest->elems, int, new_alloc);
+      if (BE (new_elems == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      dest->elems = new_elems;
+      dest->alloc = new_alloc;
+    }
+
+  /* Find the items in the intersection of SRC1 and SRC2, and copy
+     into the top of DEST those that are not already in DEST itself.  */
+  sbase = dest->nelem + src1->nelem + src2->nelem;
+  i1 = src1->nelem - 1;
+  i2 = src2->nelem - 1;
+  id = dest->nelem - 1;
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      if (src1->elems[i1] == src2->elems[i2])
+        {
+          /* Try to find the item in DEST.  Maybe we could binary search?  */
+          while (id >= 0 && dest->elems[id] > src1->elems[i1])
+            --id;
+
+          if (id < 0 || dest->elems[id] != src1->elems[i1])
+            dest->elems[--sbase] = src1->elems[i1];
+
+          if (--i1 < 0 || --i2 < 0)
+            break;
+        }
+
+      /* Lower the highest of the two items.  */
+      else if (src1->elems[i1] < src2->elems[i2])
+        {
+          if (--i2 < 0)
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          if (--i1 < 0)
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+  id = dest->nelem - 1;
+  is = dest->nelem + src1->nelem + src2->nelem - 1;
+  delta = is - sbase + 1;
+
+  /* Now copy.  When DELTA becomes zero, the remaining
+     DEST elements are already in place; this is more or
+     less the same loop that is in re_node_set_merge.  */
+  dest->nelem += delta;
+  if (delta > 0 && id >= 0)
+    for (;;)
+      {
+        if (dest->elems[is] > dest->elems[id])
+          {
+            /* Copy from the top.  */
+            dest->elems[id + delta--] = dest->elems[is--];
+            if (delta == 0)
+              break;
+          }
+        else
+          {
+            /* Slide from the bottom.  */
+            dest->elems[id + delta] = dest->elems[id];
+            if (--id < 0)
+              break;
+          }
+      }
+
+  /* Copy remaining SRC elements.  */
+  memcpy (dest->elems, dest->elems + sbase, delta * sizeof (int));
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Calculate the union set of the sets SRC1 and SRC2. And store it to
+   DEST. Return value indicate the error code or REG_NOERROR if succeeded.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_node_set_init_union (re_node_set *dest, const re_node_set *src1,
+                        const re_node_set *src2)
+{
+  int i1, i2, id;
+  if (src1 != NULL && src1->nelem > 0 && src2 != NULL && src2->nelem > 0)
+    {
+      dest->alloc = src1->nelem + src2->nelem;
+      dest->elems = re_malloc (int, dest->alloc);
+      if (BE (dest->elems == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (src1 != NULL && src1->nelem > 0)
+        return re_node_set_init_copy (dest, src1);
+      else if (src2 != NULL && src2->nelem > 0)
+        return re_node_set_init_copy (dest, src2);
+      else
+        re_node_set_init_empty (dest);
+      return REG_NOERROR;
+    }
+  for (i1 = i2 = id = 0 ; i1 < src1->nelem && i2 < src2->nelem ;)
+    {
+      if (src1->elems[i1] > src2->elems[i2])
+        {
+          dest->elems[id++] = src2->elems[i2++];
+          continue;
+        }
+      if (src1->elems[i1] == src2->elems[i2])
+        ++i2;
+      dest->elems[id++] = src1->elems[i1++];
+    }
+  if (i1 < src1->nelem)
+    {
+      memcpy (dest->elems + id, src1->elems + i1,
+             (src1->nelem - i1) * sizeof (int));
+      id += src1->nelem - i1;
+    }
+  else if (i2 < src2->nelem)
+    {
+      memcpy (dest->elems + id, src2->elems + i2,
+             (src2->nelem - i2) * sizeof (int));
+      id += src2->nelem - i2;
+    }
+  dest->nelem = id;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Calculate the union set of the sets DEST and SRC. And store it to
+   DEST. Return value indicate the error code or REG_NOERROR if succeeded.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+re_node_set_merge (re_node_set *dest, const re_node_set *src)
+{
+  int is, id, sbase, delta;
+  if (src == NULL || src->nelem == 0)
+    return REG_NOERROR;
+  if (dest->alloc < 2 * src->nelem + dest->nelem)
+    {
+      int new_alloc = 2 * (src->nelem + dest->alloc);
+      int *new_buffer = re_realloc (dest->elems, int, new_alloc);
+      if (BE (new_buffer == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      dest->elems = new_buffer;
+      dest->alloc = new_alloc;
+    }
+
+  if (BE (dest->nelem == 0, 0))
+    {
+      dest->nelem = src->nelem;
+      memcpy (dest->elems, src->elems, src->nelem * sizeof (int));
+      return REG_NOERROR;
+    }
+
+  /* Copy into the top of DEST the items of SRC that are not
+     found in DEST.  Maybe we could binary search in DEST?  */
+  for (sbase = dest->nelem + 2 * src->nelem,
+       is = src->nelem - 1, id = dest->nelem - 1; is >= 0 && id >= 0; )
+    {
+      if (dest->elems[id] == src->elems[is])
+        is--, id--;
+      else if (dest->elems[id] < src->elems[is])
+        dest->elems[--sbase] = src->elems[is--];
+      else /* if (dest->elems[id] > src->elems[is]) */
+        --id;
+    }
+
+  if (is >= 0)
+    {
+      /* If DEST is exhausted, the remaining items of SRC must be unique.  */
+      sbase -= is + 1;
+      memcpy (dest->elems + sbase, src->elems, (is + 1) * sizeof (int));
+    }
+
+  id = dest->nelem - 1;
+  is = dest->nelem + 2 * src->nelem - 1;
+  delta = is - sbase + 1;
+  if (delta == 0)
+    return REG_NOERROR;
+
+  /* Now copy.  When DELTA becomes zero, the remaining
+     DEST elements are already in place.  */
+  dest->nelem += delta;
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      if (dest->elems[is] > dest->elems[id])
+        {
+          /* Copy from the top.  */
+          dest->elems[id + delta--] = dest->elems[is--];
+          if (delta == 0)
+            break;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* Slide from the bottom.  */
+          dest->elems[id + delta] = dest->elems[id];
+          if (--id < 0)
+            {
+              /* Copy remaining SRC elements.  */
+              memcpy (dest->elems, dest->elems + sbase,
+                      delta * sizeof (int));
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
+   SET should not already have ELEM.
+   return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+re_node_set_insert (re_node_set *set, int elem)
+{
+  int idx;
+  /* In case the set is empty.  */
+  if (set->alloc == 0)
+    {
+      if (BE (re_node_set_init_1 (set, elem) == REG_NOERROR, 1))
+        return 1;
+      else
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+  if (BE (set->nelem, 0) == 0)
+    {
+      /* We already guaranteed above that set->alloc != 0.  */
+      set->elems[0] = elem;
+      ++set->nelem;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+  /* Realloc if we need.  */
+  if (set->alloc == set->nelem)
+    {
+      int *new_elems;
+      set->alloc = set->alloc * 2;
+      new_elems = re_realloc (set->elems, int, set->alloc);
+      if (BE (new_elems == NULL, 0))
+        return -1;
+      set->elems = new_elems;
+    }
+
+  /* Move the elements which follows the new element.  Test the
+     first element separately to skip a check in the inner loop.  */
+  if (elem < set->elems[0])
+    {
+      idx = 0;
+      for (idx = set->nelem; idx > 0; idx--)
+        set->elems[idx] = set->elems[idx - 1];
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      for (idx = set->nelem; set->elems[idx - 1] > elem; idx--)
+        set->elems[idx] = set->elems[idx - 1];
+    }
+
+  /* Insert the new element.  */
+  set->elems[idx] = elem;
+  ++set->nelem;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
+   SET should not already have any element greater than or equal to ELEM.
+   Return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+re_node_set_insert_last (re_node_set *set, int elem)
+{
+  /* Realloc if we need.  */
+  if (set->alloc == set->nelem)
+    {
+      int *new_elems;
+      set->alloc = (set->alloc + 1) * 2;
+      new_elems = re_realloc (set->elems, int, set->alloc);
+      if (BE (new_elems == NULL, 0))
+        return -1;
+      set->elems = new_elems;
+    }
+
+  /* Insert the new element.  */
+  set->elems[set->nelem++] = elem;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Compare two node sets SET1 and SET2.
+   return 1 if SET1 and SET2 are equivalent, return 0 otherwise.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function __attribute ((pure))
+re_node_set_compare (const re_node_set *set1, const re_node_set *set2)
+{
+  int i;
+  if (set1 == NULL || set2 == NULL || set1->nelem != set2->nelem)
+    return 0;
+  for (i = set1->nelem ; --i >= 0 ; )
+    if (set1->elems[i] != set2->elems[i])
+      return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Return (idx + 1) if SET contains the element ELEM, return 0 otherwise.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function __attribute ((pure))
+re_node_set_contains (const re_node_set *set, int elem)
+{
+  unsigned int idx, right, mid;
+  if (set->nelem <= 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* Binary search the element.  */
+  idx = 0;
+  right = set->nelem - 1;
+  while (idx < right)
+    {
+      mid = (idx + right) / 2;
+      if (set->elems[mid] < elem)
+        idx = mid + 1;
+      else
+        right = mid;
+    }
+  return set->elems[idx] == elem ? idx + 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static void
+internal_function
+re_node_set_remove_at (re_node_set *set, int idx)
+{
+  if (idx < 0 || idx >= set->nelem)
+    return;
+  --set->nelem;
+  for (; idx < set->nelem; idx++)
+    set->elems[idx] = set->elems[idx + 1];
+}
+
+
+/* Add the token TOKEN to dfa->nodes, and return the index of the token.
+   Or return -1, if an error has occurred.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+re_dfa_add_node (re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t token)
+{
+  if (BE (dfa->nodes_len >= dfa->nodes_alloc, 0))
+    {
+      size_t new_nodes_alloc = dfa->nodes_alloc * 2;
+      int *new_nexts, *new_indices;
+      re_node_set *new_edests, *new_eclosures;
+      re_token_t *new_nodes;
+
+      /* Avoid overflows in realloc.  */
+      const size_t max_object_size = MAX (sizeof (re_token_t),
+                                          MAX (sizeof (re_node_set),
+                                               sizeof (int)));
+      if (BE (SIZE_MAX / max_object_size < new_nodes_alloc, 0))
+        return -1;
+
+      new_nodes = re_realloc (dfa->nodes, re_token_t, new_nodes_alloc);
+      if (BE (new_nodes == NULL, 0))
+        return -1;
+      dfa->nodes = new_nodes;
+      new_nexts = re_realloc (dfa->nexts, int, new_nodes_alloc);
+      new_indices = re_realloc (dfa->org_indices, int, new_nodes_alloc);
+      new_edests = re_realloc (dfa->edests, re_node_set, new_nodes_alloc);
+      new_eclosures = re_realloc (dfa->eclosures, re_node_set, new_nodes_alloc);
+      if (BE (new_nexts == NULL || new_indices == NULL
+              || new_edests == NULL || new_eclosures == NULL, 0))
+        return -1;
+      dfa->nexts = new_nexts;
+      dfa->org_indices = new_indices;
+      dfa->edests = new_edests;
+      dfa->eclosures = new_eclosures;
+      dfa->nodes_alloc = new_nodes_alloc;
+    }
+  dfa->nodes[dfa->nodes_len] = token;
+  dfa->nodes[dfa->nodes_len].constraint = 0;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  dfa->nodes[dfa->nodes_len].accept_mb =
+    (token.type == OP_PERIOD && dfa->mb_cur_max > 1) || token.type == COMPLEX_BRACKET;
+#endif
+  dfa->nexts[dfa->nodes_len] = -1;
+  re_node_set_init_empty (dfa->edests + dfa->nodes_len);
+  re_node_set_init_empty (dfa->eclosures + dfa->nodes_len);
+  return dfa->nodes_len++;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int
+internal_function
+calc_state_hash (const re_node_set *nodes, unsigned int context)
+{
+  unsigned int hash = nodes->nelem + context;
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0 ; i < nodes->nelem ; i++)
+    hash += nodes->elems[i];
+  return hash;
+}
+
+/* Search for the state whose node_set is equivalent to NODES.
+   Return the pointer to the state, if we found it in the DFA.
+   Otherwise create the new one and return it.  In case of an error
+   return NULL and set the error code in ERR.
+   Note: - We assume NULL as the invalid state, then it is possible that
+           return value is NULL and ERR is REG_NOERROR.
+         - We never return non-NULL value in case of any errors, it is for
+           optimization.  */
+
+static re_dfastate_t *
+internal_function
+re_acquire_state (reg_errcode_t *err, const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                  const re_node_set *nodes)
+{
+  unsigned int hash;
+  re_dfastate_t *new_state;
+  struct re_state_table_entry *spot;
+  int i;
+  if (BE (nodes->nelem == 0, 0))
+    {
+      *err = REG_NOERROR;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  hash = calc_state_hash (nodes, 0);
+  spot = dfa->state_table + (hash & dfa->state_hash_mask);
+
+  for (i = 0 ; i < spot->num ; i++)
+    {
+      re_dfastate_t *state = spot->array[i];
+      if (hash != state->hash)
+        continue;
+      if (re_node_set_compare (&state->nodes, nodes))
+        return state;
+    }
+
+  /* There are no appropriate state in the dfa, create the new one.  */
+  new_state = create_ci_newstate (dfa, nodes, hash);
+  if (BE (new_state == NULL, 0))
+    *err = REG_ESPACE;
+
+  return new_state;
+}
+
+/* Search for the state whose node_set is equivalent to NODES and
+   whose context is equivalent to CONTEXT.
+   Return the pointer to the state, if we found it in the DFA.
+   Otherwise create the new one and return it.  In case of an error
+   return NULL and set the error code in ERR.
+   Note: - We assume NULL as the invalid state, then it is possible that
+           return value is NULL and ERR is REG_NOERROR.
+         - We never return non-NULL value in case of any errors, it is for
+           optimization.  */
+
+static re_dfastate_t *
+internal_function
+re_acquire_state_context (reg_errcode_t *err, const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                          const re_node_set *nodes, unsigned int context)
+{
+  unsigned int hash;
+  re_dfastate_t *new_state;
+  struct re_state_table_entry *spot;
+  int i;
+  if (nodes->nelem == 0)
+    {
+      *err = REG_NOERROR;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  hash = calc_state_hash (nodes, context);
+  spot = dfa->state_table + (hash & dfa->state_hash_mask);
+
+  for (i = 0 ; i < spot->num ; i++)
+    {
+      re_dfastate_t *state = spot->array[i];
+      if (state->hash == hash
+          && state->context == context
+          && re_node_set_compare (state->entrance_nodes, nodes))
+        return state;
+    }
+  /* There are no appropriate state in `dfa', create the new one.  */
+  new_state = create_cd_newstate (dfa, nodes, context, hash);
+  if (BE (new_state == NULL, 0))
+    *err = REG_ESPACE;
+
+  return new_state;
+}
+
+/* Finish initialization of the new state NEWSTATE, and using its hash value
+   HASH put in the appropriate bucket of DFA's state table.  Return value
+   indicates the error code if failed.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+register_state (const re_dfa_t *dfa, re_dfastate_t *newstate,
+                unsigned int hash)
+{
+  struct re_state_table_entry *spot;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int i;
+
+  newstate->hash = hash;
+  err = re_node_set_alloc (&newstate->non_eps_nodes, newstate->nodes.nelem);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+  for (i = 0; i < newstate->nodes.nelem; i++)
+    {
+      int elem = newstate->nodes.elems[i];
+      if (!IS_EPSILON_NODE (dfa->nodes[elem].type))
+        if (re_node_set_insert_last (&newstate->non_eps_nodes, elem) < 0)
+          return REG_ESPACE;
+    }
+
+  spot = dfa->state_table + (hash & dfa->state_hash_mask);
+  if (BE (spot->alloc <= spot->num, 0))
+    {
+      int new_alloc = 2 * spot->num + 2;
+      re_dfastate_t **new_array = re_realloc (spot->array, re_dfastate_t *,
+                                              new_alloc);
+      if (BE (new_array == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      spot->array = new_array;
+      spot->alloc = new_alloc;
+    }
+  spot->array[spot->num++] = newstate;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static void
+free_state (re_dfastate_t *state)
+{
+  re_node_set_free (&state->non_eps_nodes);
+  re_node_set_free (&state->inveclosure);
+  if (state->entrance_nodes != &state->nodes)
+    {
+      re_node_set_free (state->entrance_nodes);
+      re_free (state->entrance_nodes);
+    }
+  re_node_set_free (&state->nodes);
+  re_free (state->word_trtable);
+  re_free (state->trtable);
+  re_free (state);
+}
+
+/* Create the new state which is independ of contexts.
+   Return the new state if succeeded, otherwise return NULL.  */
+
+static re_dfastate_t *
+internal_function
+create_ci_newstate (const re_dfa_t *dfa, const re_node_set *nodes,
+                    unsigned int hash)
+{
+  int i;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  re_dfastate_t *newstate;
+
+  newstate = (re_dfastate_t *) calloc (sizeof (re_dfastate_t), 1);
+  if (BE (newstate == NULL, 0))
+    return NULL;
+  err = re_node_set_init_copy (&newstate->nodes, nodes);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+      re_free (newstate);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  newstate->entrance_nodes = &newstate->nodes;
+  for (i = 0 ; i < nodes->nelem ; i++)
+    {
+      re_token_t *node = dfa->nodes + nodes->elems[i];
+      re_token_type_t type = node->type;
+      if (type == CHARACTER && !node->constraint)
+        continue;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      newstate->accept_mb |= node->accept_mb;
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+      /* If the state has the halt node, the state is a halt state.  */
+      if (type == END_OF_RE)
+        newstate->halt = 1;
+      else if (type == OP_BACK_REF)
+        newstate->has_backref = 1;
+      else if (type == ANCHOR || node->constraint)
+        newstate->has_constraint = 1;
+    }
+  err = register_state (dfa, newstate, hash);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+      free_state (newstate);
+      newstate = NULL;
+    }
+  return newstate;
+}
+
+/* Create the new state which is depend on the context CONTEXT.
+   Return the new state if succeeded, otherwise return NULL.  */
+
+static re_dfastate_t *
+internal_function
+create_cd_newstate (const re_dfa_t *dfa, const re_node_set *nodes,
+                    unsigned int context, unsigned int hash)
+{
+  int i, nctx_nodes = 0;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  re_dfastate_t *newstate;
+
+  newstate = (re_dfastate_t *) calloc (sizeof (re_dfastate_t), 1);
+  if (BE (newstate == NULL, 0))
+    return NULL;
+  err = re_node_set_init_copy (&newstate->nodes, nodes);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+      re_free (newstate);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  newstate->context = context;
+  newstate->entrance_nodes = &newstate->nodes;
+
+  for (i = 0 ; i < nodes->nelem ; i++)
+    {
+      re_token_t *node = dfa->nodes + nodes->elems[i];
+      re_token_type_t type = node->type;
+      unsigned int constraint = node->constraint;
+
+      if (type == CHARACTER && !constraint)
+        continue;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      newstate->accept_mb |= node->accept_mb;
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+      /* If the state has the halt node, the state is a halt state.  */
+      if (type == END_OF_RE)
+        newstate->halt = 1;
+      else if (type == OP_BACK_REF)
+        newstate->has_backref = 1;
+
+      if (constraint)
+        {
+          if (newstate->entrance_nodes == &newstate->nodes)
+            {
+              newstate->entrance_nodes = re_malloc (re_node_set, 1);
+              if (BE (newstate->entrance_nodes == NULL, 0))
+                {
+                  free_state (newstate);
+                  return NULL;
+                }
+              if (re_node_set_init_copy (newstate->entrance_nodes, nodes)
+                  != REG_NOERROR)
+                return NULL;
+              nctx_nodes = 0;
+              newstate->has_constraint = 1;
+            }
+
+          if (NOT_SATISFY_PREV_CONSTRAINT (constraint,context))
+            {
+              re_node_set_remove_at (&newstate->nodes, i - nctx_nodes);
+              ++nctx_nodes;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  err = register_state (dfa, newstate, hash);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    {
+      free_state (newstate);
+      newstate = NULL;
+    }
+  return  newstate;
+}
diff --git a/win32/regex_internal.h b/win32/regex_internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1495059ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/regex_internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,810 @@
+/* Extended regular expression matching and search library.
+   Copyright (C) 2002-2005, 2007, 2008, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+   Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
+   02111-1307 USA.  */
+
+#ifndef _REGEX_INTERNAL_H
+#define _REGEX_INTERNAL_H 1
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if defined HAVE_LANGINFO_H || defined HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET || defined _LIBC
+# include <langinfo.h>
+#endif
+#if defined HAVE_LOCALE_H || defined _LIBC
+# include <locale.h>
+#endif
+#if defined HAVE_WCHAR_H || defined _LIBC
+# include <wchar.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_WCHAR_H || _LIBC */
+#if defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H || defined _LIBC
+# include <wctype.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_WCTYPE_H || _LIBC */
+#if defined HAVE_STDBOOL_H || defined _LIBC
+# include <stdbool.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_STDBOOL_H || _LIBC */
+#if !defined(ZOS_USS)
+#if defined HAVE_STDINT_H || defined _LIBC
+# include <stdint.h>
+#endif /* HAVE_STDINT_H || _LIBC */
+#endif /* !ZOS_USS */
+#if defined _LIBC
+# include <bits/libc-lock.h>
+#else
+# define __libc_lock_define(CLASS,NAME)
+# define __libc_lock_init(NAME) do { } while (0)
+# define __libc_lock_lock(NAME) do { } while (0)
+# define __libc_lock_unlock(NAME) do { } while (0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GAWK
+/* In case that the system doesn't have isblank().  */
+#if !defined _LIBC && !defined HAVE_ISBLANK && !defined isblank
+# define isblank(ch) ((ch) == ' ' || (ch) == '\t')
+#endif
+#else /* GAWK */
+/*
+ * This is a freaking mess. On glibc systems you have to define
+ * a magic constant to get isblank() out of <ctype.h>, since it's
+ * a C99 function.  To heck with all that and borrow a page from
+ * dfa.c's book.
+ */
+
+static int
+is_blank (int c)
+{
+   return (c == ' ' || c == '\t');
+}
+#endif /* GAWK */
+
+#ifdef _LIBC
+# ifndef _RE_DEFINE_LOCALE_FUNCTIONS
+#  define _RE_DEFINE_LOCALE_FUNCTIONS 1
+#   include <locale/localeinfo.h>
+#   include <locale/elem-hash.h>
+#   include <locale/coll-lookup.h>
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* This is for other GNU distributions with internationalized messages.  */
+#if (HAVE_LIBINTL_H && ENABLE_NLS) || defined _LIBC
+# include <libintl.h>
+# ifdef _LIBC
+#  undef gettext
+#  define gettext(msgid) \
+  INTUSE(__dcgettext) (_libc_intl_domainname, msgid, LC_MESSAGES)
+# endif
+#else
+# define gettext(msgid) (msgid)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef gettext_noop
+/* This define is so xgettext can find the internationalizable
+   strings.  */
+# define gettext_noop(String) String
+#endif
+
+/* For loser systems without the definition.  */
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX
+# define SIZE_MAX ((size_t) -1)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NO_MBSUPPORT
+#include "mbsupport.h" /* gawk */
+#endif
+#ifndef MB_CUR_MAX
+#define MB_CUR_MAX 1
+#endif
+
+#if (defined MBS_SUPPORT) || defined _LIBC
+# define RE_ENABLE_I18N
+#endif
+
+#if __GNUC__ >= 3
+# define BE(expr, val) __builtin_expect (expr, val)
+#else
+# define BE(expr, val) (expr)
+# ifdef inline
+# undef inline
+# endif
+# define inline
+#endif
+
+/* Number of single byte character.  */
+#define SBC_MAX 256
+
+#define COLL_ELEM_LEN_MAX 8
+
+/* The character which represents newline.  */
+#define NEWLINE_CHAR '\n'
+#define WIDE_NEWLINE_CHAR L'\n'
+
+/* Rename to standard API for using out of glibc.  */
+#ifndef _LIBC
+# ifdef __wctype
+# undef __wctype
+# endif
+# define __wctype wctype
+# ifdef __iswctype
+# undef __iswctype
+# endif
+# define __iswctype iswctype
+# define __btowc btowc
+# define __mbrtowc mbrtowc
+#undef __mempcpy        /* GAWK */
+# define __mempcpy mempcpy
+# define __wcrtomb wcrtomb
+# define __regfree regfree
+# define attribute_hidden
+#endif /* not _LIBC */
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+# define __attribute(arg) __attribute__ (arg)
+#else
+# define __attribute(arg)
+#endif
+
+extern const char __re_error_msgid[] attribute_hidden;
+extern const size_t __re_error_msgid_idx[] attribute_hidden;
+
+/* An integer used to represent a set of bits.  It must be unsigned,
+   and must be at least as wide as unsigned int.  */
+typedef unsigned long int bitset_word_t;
+/* All bits set in a bitset_word_t.  */
+#define BITSET_WORD_MAX ULONG_MAX
+/* Number of bits in a bitset_word_t.  */
+#define BITSET_WORD_BITS (sizeof (bitset_word_t) * CHAR_BIT)
+/* Number of bitset_word_t in a bit_set.  */
+#define BITSET_WORDS (SBC_MAX / BITSET_WORD_BITS)
+typedef bitset_word_t bitset_t[BITSET_WORDS];
+typedef bitset_word_t *re_bitset_ptr_t;
+typedef const bitset_word_t *re_const_bitset_ptr_t;
+
+#define bitset_set(set,i) \
+  (set[i / BITSET_WORD_BITS] |= (bitset_word_t) 1 << i % BITSET_WORD_BITS)
+#define bitset_clear(set,i) \
+  (set[i / BITSET_WORD_BITS] &= ~((bitset_word_t) 1 << i % BITSET_WORD_BITS))
+#define bitset_contain(set,i) \
+  (set[i / BITSET_WORD_BITS] & ((bitset_word_t) 1 << i % BITSET_WORD_BITS))
+#define bitset_empty(set) memset (set, '\0', sizeof (bitset_t))
+#define bitset_set_all(set) memset (set, '\xff', sizeof (bitset_t))
+#define bitset_copy(dest,src) memcpy (dest, src, sizeof (bitset_t))
+
+#define PREV_WORD_CONSTRAINT 0x0001
+#define PREV_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT 0x0002
+#define NEXT_WORD_CONSTRAINT 0x0004
+#define NEXT_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT 0x0008
+#define PREV_NEWLINE_CONSTRAINT 0x0010
+#define NEXT_NEWLINE_CONSTRAINT 0x0020
+#define PREV_BEGBUF_CONSTRAINT 0x0040
+#define NEXT_ENDBUF_CONSTRAINT 0x0080
+#define WORD_DELIM_CONSTRAINT 0x0100
+#define NOT_WORD_DELIM_CONSTRAINT 0x0200
+
+typedef enum
+{
+  INSIDE_WORD = PREV_WORD_CONSTRAINT | NEXT_WORD_CONSTRAINT,
+  WORD_FIRST = PREV_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT | NEXT_WORD_CONSTRAINT,
+  WORD_LAST = PREV_WORD_CONSTRAINT | NEXT_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT,
+  INSIDE_NOTWORD = PREV_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT | NEXT_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT,
+  LINE_FIRST = PREV_NEWLINE_CONSTRAINT,
+  LINE_LAST = NEXT_NEWLINE_CONSTRAINT,
+  BUF_FIRST = PREV_BEGBUF_CONSTRAINT,
+  BUF_LAST = NEXT_ENDBUF_CONSTRAINT,
+  WORD_DELIM = WORD_DELIM_CONSTRAINT,
+  NOT_WORD_DELIM = NOT_WORD_DELIM_CONSTRAINT
+} re_context_type;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  int alloc;
+  int nelem;
+  int *elems;
+} re_node_set;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+  NON_TYPE = 0,
+
+  /* Node type, These are used by token, node, tree.  */
+  CHARACTER = 1,
+  END_OF_RE = 2,
+  SIMPLE_BRACKET = 3,
+  OP_BACK_REF = 4,
+  OP_PERIOD = 5,
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  COMPLEX_BRACKET = 6,
+  OP_UTF8_PERIOD = 7,
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+  /* We define EPSILON_BIT as a macro so that OP_OPEN_SUBEXP is used
+     when the debugger shows values of this enum type.  */
+#define EPSILON_BIT 8
+  OP_OPEN_SUBEXP = EPSILON_BIT | 0,
+  OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP = EPSILON_BIT | 1,
+  OP_ALT = EPSILON_BIT | 2,
+  OP_DUP_ASTERISK = EPSILON_BIT | 3,
+  ANCHOR = EPSILON_BIT | 4,
+
+  /* Tree type, these are used only by tree. */
+  CONCAT = 16,
+  SUBEXP = 17,
+
+  /* Token type, these are used only by token.  */
+  OP_DUP_PLUS = 18,
+  OP_DUP_QUESTION,
+  OP_OPEN_BRACKET,
+  OP_CLOSE_BRACKET,
+  OP_CHARSET_RANGE,
+  OP_OPEN_DUP_NUM,
+  OP_CLOSE_DUP_NUM,
+  OP_NON_MATCH_LIST,
+  OP_OPEN_COLL_ELEM,
+  OP_CLOSE_COLL_ELEM,
+  OP_OPEN_EQUIV_CLASS,
+  OP_CLOSE_EQUIV_CLASS,
+  OP_OPEN_CHAR_CLASS,
+  OP_CLOSE_CHAR_CLASS,
+  OP_WORD,
+  OP_NOTWORD,
+  OP_SPACE,
+  OP_NOTSPACE,
+  BACK_SLASH
+
+} re_token_type_t;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+typedef struct
+{
+  /* Multibyte characters.  */
+  wchar_t *mbchars;
+
+  /* Collating symbols.  */
+# ifdef _LIBC
+  int32_t *coll_syms;
+# endif
+
+  /* Equivalence classes. */
+# ifdef _LIBC
+  int32_t *equiv_classes;
+# endif
+
+  /* Range expressions. */
+# ifdef _LIBC
+  uint32_t *range_starts;
+  uint32_t *range_ends;
+# else /* not _LIBC */
+  wchar_t *range_starts;
+  wchar_t *range_ends;
+# endif /* not _LIBC */
+
+  /* Character classes. */
+  wctype_t *char_classes;
+
+  /* If this character set is the non-matching list.  */
+  unsigned int non_match : 1;
+
+  /* # of multibyte characters.  */
+  int nmbchars;
+
+  /* # of collating symbols.  */
+  int ncoll_syms;
+
+  /* # of equivalence classes. */
+  int nequiv_classes;
+
+  /* # of range expressions. */
+  int nranges;
+
+  /* # of character classes. */
+  int nchar_classes;
+} re_charset_t;
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  union
+  {
+    unsigned char c;            /* for CHARACTER */
+    re_bitset_ptr_t sbcset;     /* for SIMPLE_BRACKET */
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+    re_charset_t *mbcset;       /* for COMPLEX_BRACKET */
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+    int idx;                    /* for BACK_REF */
+    re_context_type ctx_type;   /* for ANCHOR */
+  } opr;
+#if __GNUC__ >= 2
+  re_token_type_t type : 8;
+#else
+  re_token_type_t type;
+#endif
+  unsigned int constraint : 10; /* context constraint */
+  unsigned int duplicated : 1;
+  unsigned int opt_subexp : 1;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  unsigned int accept_mb : 1;
+  /* These 2 bits can be moved into the union if needed (e.g. if running out
+     of bits; move opr.c to opr.c.c and move the flags to opr.c.flags).  */
+  unsigned int mb_partial : 1;
+#endif
+  unsigned int word_char : 1;
+} re_token_t;
+
+#define IS_EPSILON_NODE(type) ((type) & EPSILON_BIT)
+
+struct re_string_t
+{
+  /* Indicate the raw buffer which is the original string passed as an
+     argument of regexec(), re_search(), etc..  */
+  const unsigned char *raw_mbs;
+  /* Store the multibyte string.  In case of "case insensitive mode" like
+     REG_ICASE, upper cases of the string are stored, otherwise MBS points
+     the same address that RAW_MBS points.  */
+  unsigned char *mbs;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  /* Store the wide character string which is corresponding to MBS.  */
+  wint_t *wcs;
+  int *offsets;
+  mbstate_t cur_state;
+#endif
+  /* Index in RAW_MBS.  Each character mbs[i] corresponds to
+     raw_mbs[raw_mbs_idx + i].  */
+  int raw_mbs_idx;
+  /* The length of the valid characters in the buffers.  */
+  int valid_len;
+  /* The corresponding number of bytes in raw_mbs array.  */
+  int valid_raw_len;
+  /* The length of the buffers MBS and WCS.  */
+  int bufs_len;
+  /* The index in MBS, which is updated by re_string_fetch_byte.  */
+  int cur_idx;
+  /* length of RAW_MBS array.  */
+  int raw_len;
+  /* This is RAW_LEN - RAW_MBS_IDX + VALID_LEN - VALID_RAW_LEN.  */
+  int len;
+  /* End of the buffer may be shorter than its length in the cases such
+     as re_match_2, re_search_2.  Then, we use STOP for end of the buffer
+     instead of LEN.  */
+  int raw_stop;
+  /* This is RAW_STOP - RAW_MBS_IDX adjusted through OFFSETS.  */
+  int stop;
+
+  /* The context of mbs[0].  We store the context independently, since
+     the context of mbs[0] may be different from raw_mbs[0], which is
+     the beginning of the input string.  */
+  unsigned int tip_context;
+  /* The translation passed as a part of an argument of re_compile_pattern.  */
+  RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans;
+  /* Copy of re_dfa_t's word_char.  */
+  re_const_bitset_ptr_t word_char;
+  /* 1 if REG_ICASE.  */
+  unsigned char icase;
+  unsigned char is_utf8;
+  unsigned char map_notascii;
+  unsigned char mbs_allocated;
+  unsigned char offsets_needed;
+  unsigned char newline_anchor;
+  unsigned char word_ops_used;
+  int mb_cur_max;
+};
+typedef struct re_string_t re_string_t;
+
+
+struct re_dfa_t;
+typedef struct re_dfa_t re_dfa_t;
+
+#ifndef _LIBC
+# ifdef __i386__
+#  define internal_function   __attribute ((regparm (3), stdcall))
+# else
+#  define internal_function
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NOT_IN_libc
+static reg_errcode_t re_string_realloc_buffers (re_string_t *pstr,
+                                                int new_buf_len)
+     internal_function;
+# ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static void build_wcs_buffer (re_string_t *pstr) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t build_wcs_upper_buffer (re_string_t *pstr)
+  internal_function;
+# endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+static void build_upper_buffer (re_string_t *pstr) internal_function;
+static void re_string_translate_buffer (re_string_t *pstr) internal_function;
+static unsigned int re_string_context_at (const re_string_t *input, int idx,
+                                          int eflags)
+     internal_function __attribute ((pure));
+#endif
+#define re_string_peek_byte(pstr, offset) \
+  ((pstr)->mbs[(pstr)->cur_idx + offset])
+#define re_string_fetch_byte(pstr) \
+  ((pstr)->mbs[(pstr)->cur_idx++])
+#define re_string_first_byte(pstr, idx) \
+  ((idx) == (pstr)->valid_len || (pstr)->wcs[idx] != WEOF)
+#define re_string_is_single_byte_char(pstr, idx) \
+  ((pstr)->wcs[idx] != WEOF && ((pstr)->valid_len == (idx) + 1 \
+                                || (pstr)->wcs[(idx) + 1] != WEOF))
+#define re_string_eoi(pstr) ((pstr)->stop <= (pstr)->cur_idx)
+#define re_string_cur_idx(pstr) ((pstr)->cur_idx)
+#define re_string_get_buffer(pstr) ((pstr)->mbs)
+#define re_string_length(pstr) ((pstr)->len)
+#define re_string_byte_at(pstr,idx) ((pstr)->mbs[idx])
+#define re_string_skip_bytes(pstr,idx) ((pstr)->cur_idx += (idx))
+#define re_string_set_index(pstr,idx) ((pstr)->cur_idx = (idx))
+
+#ifndef _LIBC
+# if HAVE_ALLOCA
+#  ifdef (_MSC_VER)
+#   include <malloc.h>
+#   define __libc_use_alloca(n) 0
+#  else
+#   include <alloca.h>
+/* The OS usually guarantees only one guard page at the bottom of the stack,
+   and a page size can be as small as 4096 bytes.  So we cannot safely
+   allocate anything larger than 4096 bytes.  Also care for the possibility
+   of a few compiler-allocated temporary stack slots.  */
+#  define __libc_use_alloca(n) ((n) < 4032)
+#  endif
+# else
+/* alloca is implemented with malloc, so just use malloc.  */
+#  define __libc_use_alloca(n) 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#define re_malloc(t,n) ((t *) malloc ((n) * sizeof (t)))
+/* SunOS 4.1.x realloc doesn't accept null pointers: pre-Standard C. Sigh. */
+#define re_realloc(p,t,n) ((p != NULL) ? (t *) realloc (p,(n)*sizeof(t)) : (t *) calloc(n,sizeof(t)))
+#define re_free(p) free (p)
+
+struct bin_tree_t
+{
+  struct bin_tree_t *parent;
+  struct bin_tree_t *left;
+  struct bin_tree_t *right;
+  struct bin_tree_t *first;
+  struct bin_tree_t *next;
+
+  re_token_t token;
+
+  /* `node_idx' is the index in dfa->nodes, if `type' == 0.
+     Otherwise `type' indicate the type of this node.  */
+  int node_idx;
+};
+typedef struct bin_tree_t bin_tree_t;
+
+#define BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE \
+  ((1024 - sizeof (void *)) / sizeof (bin_tree_t))
+
+struct bin_tree_storage_t
+{
+  struct bin_tree_storage_t *next;
+  bin_tree_t data[BIN_TREE_STORAGE_SIZE];
+};
+typedef struct bin_tree_storage_t bin_tree_storage_t;
+
+#define CONTEXT_WORD 1
+#define CONTEXT_NEWLINE (CONTEXT_WORD << 1)
+#define CONTEXT_BEGBUF (CONTEXT_NEWLINE << 1)
+#define CONTEXT_ENDBUF (CONTEXT_BEGBUF << 1)
+
+#define IS_WORD_CONTEXT(c) ((c) & CONTEXT_WORD)
+#define IS_NEWLINE_CONTEXT(c) ((c) & CONTEXT_NEWLINE)
+#define IS_BEGBUF_CONTEXT(c) ((c) & CONTEXT_BEGBUF)
+#define IS_ENDBUF_CONTEXT(c) ((c) & CONTEXT_ENDBUF)
+#define IS_ORDINARY_CONTEXT(c) ((c) == 0)
+
+#define IS_WORD_CHAR(ch) (isalnum (ch) || (ch) == '_')
+#define IS_NEWLINE(ch) ((ch) == NEWLINE_CHAR)
+#define IS_WIDE_WORD_CHAR(ch) (iswalnum (ch) || (ch) == L'_')
+#define IS_WIDE_NEWLINE(ch) ((ch) == WIDE_NEWLINE_CHAR)
+
+#define NOT_SATISFY_PREV_CONSTRAINT(constraint,context) \
+ ((((constraint) & PREV_WORD_CONSTRAINT) && !IS_WORD_CONTEXT (context)) \
+  || ((constraint & PREV_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT) && IS_WORD_CONTEXT (context)) \
+  || ((constraint & PREV_NEWLINE_CONSTRAINT) && !IS_NEWLINE_CONTEXT (context))\
+  || ((constraint & PREV_BEGBUF_CONSTRAINT) && !IS_BEGBUF_CONTEXT (context)))
+
+#define NOT_SATISFY_NEXT_CONSTRAINT(constraint,context) \
+ ((((constraint) & NEXT_WORD_CONSTRAINT) && !IS_WORD_CONTEXT (context)) \
+  || (((constraint) & NEXT_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT) && IS_WORD_CONTEXT (context)) \
+  || (((constraint) & NEXT_NEWLINE_CONSTRAINT) && !IS_NEWLINE_CONTEXT (context)) \
+  || (((constraint) & NEXT_ENDBUF_CONSTRAINT) && !IS_ENDBUF_CONTEXT (context)))
+
+struct re_dfastate_t
+{
+  unsigned int hash;
+  re_node_set nodes;
+  re_node_set non_eps_nodes;
+  re_node_set inveclosure;
+  re_node_set *entrance_nodes;
+  struct re_dfastate_t **trtable, **word_trtable;
+  unsigned int context : 4;
+  unsigned int halt : 1;
+  /* If this state can accept `multi byte'.
+     Note that we refer to multibyte characters, and multi character
+     collating elements as `multi byte'.  */
+  unsigned int accept_mb : 1;
+  /* If this state has backreference node(s).  */
+  unsigned int has_backref : 1;
+  unsigned int has_constraint : 1;
+};
+typedef struct re_dfastate_t re_dfastate_t;
+
+struct re_state_table_entry
+{
+  int num;
+  int alloc;
+  re_dfastate_t **array;
+};
+
+/* Array type used in re_sub_match_last_t and re_sub_match_top_t.  */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  int next_idx;
+  int alloc;
+  re_dfastate_t **array;
+} state_array_t;
+
+/* Store information about the node NODE whose type is OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP.  */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  int node;
+  int str_idx; /* The position NODE match at.  */
+  state_array_t path;
+} re_sub_match_last_t;
+
+/* Store information about the node NODE whose type is OP_OPEN_SUBEXP.
+   And information about the node, whose type is OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP,
+   corresponding to NODE is stored in LASTS.  */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  int str_idx;
+  int node;
+  state_array_t *path;
+  int alasts; /* Allocation size of LASTS.  */
+  int nlasts; /* The number of LASTS.  */
+  re_sub_match_last_t **lasts;
+} re_sub_match_top_t;
+
+struct re_backref_cache_entry
+{
+  int node;
+  int str_idx;
+  int subexp_from;
+  int subexp_to;
+  char more;
+  char unused;
+  unsigned short int eps_reachable_subexps_map;
+};
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  /* The string object corresponding to the input string.  */
+  re_string_t input;
+#if defined _LIBC || (defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa;
+#else
+  const re_dfa_t *dfa;
+#endif
+  /* EFLAGS of the argument of regexec.  */
+  int eflags;
+  /* Where the matching ends.  */
+  int match_last;
+  int last_node;
+  /* The state log used by the matcher.  */
+  re_dfastate_t **state_log;
+  int state_log_top;
+  /* Back reference cache.  */
+  int nbkref_ents;
+  int abkref_ents;
+  struct re_backref_cache_entry *bkref_ents;
+  int max_mb_elem_len;
+  int nsub_tops;
+  int asub_tops;
+  re_sub_match_top_t **sub_tops;
+} re_match_context_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  re_dfastate_t **sifted_states;
+  re_dfastate_t **limited_states;
+  int last_node;
+  int last_str_idx;
+  re_node_set limits;
+} re_sift_context_t;
+
+struct re_fail_stack_ent_t
+{
+  int idx;
+  int node;
+  regmatch_t *regs;
+  re_node_set eps_via_nodes;
+};
+
+struct re_fail_stack_t
+{
+  int num;
+  int alloc;
+  struct re_fail_stack_ent_t *stack;
+};
+
+struct re_dfa_t
+{
+  re_token_t *nodes;
+  size_t nodes_alloc;
+  size_t nodes_len;
+  int *nexts;
+  int *org_indices;
+  re_node_set *edests;
+  re_node_set *eclosures;
+  re_node_set *inveclosures;
+  struct re_state_table_entry *state_table;
+  re_dfastate_t *init_state;
+  re_dfastate_t *init_state_word;
+  re_dfastate_t *init_state_nl;
+  re_dfastate_t *init_state_begbuf;
+  bin_tree_t *str_tree;
+  bin_tree_storage_t *str_tree_storage;
+  re_bitset_ptr_t sb_char;
+  int str_tree_storage_idx;
+
+  /* number of subexpressions `re_nsub' is in regex_t.  */
+  unsigned int state_hash_mask;
+  int init_node;
+  int nbackref; /* The number of backreference in this dfa.  */
+
+  /* Bitmap expressing which backreference is used.  */
+  bitset_word_t used_bkref_map;
+  bitset_word_t completed_bkref_map;
+
+  unsigned int has_plural_match : 1;
+  /* If this dfa has "multibyte node", which is a backreference or
+     a node which can accept multibyte character or multi character
+     collating element.  */
+  unsigned int has_mb_node : 1;
+  unsigned int is_utf8 : 1;
+  unsigned int map_notascii : 1;
+  unsigned int word_ops_used : 1;
+  int mb_cur_max;
+  bitset_t word_char;
+  reg_syntax_t syntax;
+  int *subexp_map;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  char* re_str;
+#endif
+#if defined _LIBC
+  __libc_lock_define (, lock)
+#endif
+};
+
+#define re_node_set_init_empty(set) memset (set, '\0', sizeof (re_node_set))
+#define re_node_set_remove(set,id) \
+  (re_node_set_remove_at (set, re_node_set_contains (set, id) - 1))
+#define re_node_set_empty(p) ((p)->nelem = 0)
+#define re_node_set_free(set) re_free ((set)->elems)
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+  SB_CHAR,
+  MB_CHAR,
+  EQUIV_CLASS,
+  COLL_SYM,
+  CHAR_CLASS
+} bracket_elem_type;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  bracket_elem_type type;
+  union
+  {
+    unsigned char ch;
+    unsigned char *name;
+    wchar_t wch;
+  } opr;
+} bracket_elem_t;
+
+
+/* Inline functions for bitset operation.  */
+static inline void
+bitset_not (bitset_t set)
+{
+  int bitset_i;
+  for (bitset_i = 0; bitset_i < BITSET_WORDS; ++bitset_i)
+    set[bitset_i] = ~set[bitset_i];
+}
+
+static inline void
+bitset_merge (bitset_t dest, const bitset_t src)
+{
+  int bitset_i;
+  for (bitset_i = 0; bitset_i < BITSET_WORDS; ++bitset_i)
+    dest[bitset_i] |= src[bitset_i];
+}
+
+static inline void
+bitset_mask (bitset_t dest, const bitset_t src)
+{
+  int bitset_i;
+  for (bitset_i = 0; bitset_i < BITSET_WORDS; ++bitset_i)
+    dest[bitset_i] &= src[bitset_i];
+}
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+/* Inline functions for re_string.  */
+static inline int
+internal_function __attribute ((pure))
+re_string_char_size_at (const re_string_t *pstr, int idx)
+{
+  int byte_idx;
+  if (pstr->mb_cur_max == 1)
+    return 1;
+  for (byte_idx = 1; idx + byte_idx < pstr->valid_len; ++byte_idx)
+    if (pstr->wcs[idx + byte_idx] != WEOF)
+      break;
+  return byte_idx;
+}
+
+static inline wint_t
+internal_function __attribute ((pure))
+re_string_wchar_at (const re_string_t *pstr, int idx)
+{
+  if (pstr->mb_cur_max == 1)
+    return (wint_t) pstr->mbs[idx];
+  return (wint_t) pstr->wcs[idx];
+}
+
+# ifndef NOT_IN_libc
+static int
+internal_function __attribute ((pure))
+re_string_elem_size_at (const re_string_t *pstr, int idx)
+{
+#  ifdef _LIBC
+  const unsigned char *p, *extra;
+  const int32_t *table, *indirect;
+  int32_t tmp;
+#   include <locale/weight.h>
+  uint_fast32_t nrules = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES);
+
+  if (nrules != 0)
+    {
+      table = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_TABLEMB);
+      extra = (const unsigned char *)
+        _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_EXTRAMB);
+      indirect = (const int32_t *) _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE,
+                                                _NL_COLLATE_INDIRECTMB);
+      p = pstr->mbs + idx;
+      tmp = findidx (&p);
+      return p - pstr->mbs - idx;
+    }
+  else
+#  endif /* _LIBC */
+    return 1;
+}
+# endif
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+#endif /*  _REGEX_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/win32/regexec.c b/win32/regexec.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb5e1d443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/regexec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4369 @@
+/* Extended regular expression matching and search library.
+   Copyright (C) 2002-2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+   Contributed by Isamu Hasegawa <isamu@yamato.ibm.com>.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301 USA.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t match_ctx_init (re_match_context_t *cache, int eflags,
+                                     int n) internal_function;
+static void match_ctx_clean (re_match_context_t *mctx) internal_function;
+static void match_ctx_free (re_match_context_t *cache) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t match_ctx_add_entry (re_match_context_t *cache, int node,
+                                          int str_idx, int from, int to)
+     internal_function;
+static int search_cur_bkref_entry (const re_match_context_t *mctx, int str_idx)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t match_ctx_add_subtop (re_match_context_t *mctx, int node,
+                                           int str_idx) internal_function;
+static re_sub_match_last_t * match_ctx_add_sublast (re_sub_match_top_t *subtop,
+                                                   int node, int str_idx)
+     internal_function;
+static void sift_ctx_init (re_sift_context_t *sctx, re_dfastate_t **sifted_sts,
+                           re_dfastate_t **limited_sts, int last_node,
+                           int last_str_idx)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t re_search_internal (const regex_t *preg,
+                                         const char *string, int length,
+                                         int start, int range, int stop,
+                                         size_t nmatch, regmatch_t pmatch[],
+                                         int eflags);
+static int re_search_2_stub (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+                             const char *string1, int length1,
+                             const char *string2, int length2,
+                             int start, int range, struct re_registers *regs,
+                             int stop, int ret_len);
+static int re_search_stub (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+                           const char *string, int length, int start,
+                           int range, int stop, struct re_registers *regs,
+                           int ret_len);
+static unsigned re_copy_regs (struct re_registers *regs, regmatch_t *pmatch,
+                              int nregs, int regs_allocated);
+static reg_errcode_t prune_impossible_nodes (re_match_context_t *mctx);
+static int check_matching (re_match_context_t *mctx, int fl_longest_match,
+                           int *p_match_first) internal_function;
+static int check_halt_state_context (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                     const re_dfastate_t *state, int idx)
+     internal_function;
+static void update_regs (const re_dfa_t *dfa, regmatch_t *pmatch,
+                         regmatch_t *prev_idx_match, int cur_node,
+                         int cur_idx, int nmatch) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t push_fail_stack (struct re_fail_stack_t *fs,
+                                      int str_idx, int dest_node, int nregs,
+                                      regmatch_t *regs,
+                                      re_node_set *eps_via_nodes)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t set_regs (const regex_t *preg,
+                               const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                               size_t nmatch, regmatch_t *pmatch,
+                               int fl_backtrack) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t free_fail_stack_return (struct re_fail_stack_t *fs)
+     internal_function;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static int sift_states_iter_mb (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                re_sift_context_t *sctx,
+                                int node_idx, int str_idx, int max_str_idx)
+     internal_function;
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+static reg_errcode_t sift_states_backward (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                           re_sift_context_t *sctx)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t build_sifted_states (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                          re_sift_context_t *sctx, int str_idx,
+                                          re_node_set *cur_dest)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t update_cur_sifted_state (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                              re_sift_context_t *sctx,
+                                              int str_idx,
+                                              re_node_set *dest_nodes)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t add_epsilon_src_nodes (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                            re_node_set *dest_nodes,
+                                            const re_node_set *candidates)
+     internal_function;
+static int check_dst_limits (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                             re_node_set *limits,
+                             int dst_node, int dst_idx, int src_node,
+                             int src_idx) internal_function;
+static int check_dst_limits_calc_pos_1 (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                        int boundaries, int subexp_idx,
+                                        int from_node, int bkref_idx)
+     internal_function;
+static int check_dst_limits_calc_pos (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                      int limit, int subexp_idx,
+                                      int node, int str_idx,
+                                      int bkref_idx) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t check_subexp_limits (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                          re_node_set *dest_nodes,
+                                          const re_node_set *candidates,
+                                          re_node_set *limits,
+                                          struct re_backref_cache_entry *bkref_ents,
+                                          int str_idx) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t sift_states_bkref (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                        re_sift_context_t *sctx,
+                                        int str_idx, const re_node_set *candidates)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t merge_state_array (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                        re_dfastate_t **dst,
+                                        re_dfastate_t **src, int num)
+     internal_function;
+static re_dfastate_t *find_recover_state (reg_errcode_t *err,
+                                         re_match_context_t *mctx) internal_function;
+static re_dfastate_t *transit_state (reg_errcode_t *err,
+                                     re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                     re_dfastate_t *state) internal_function;
+static re_dfastate_t *merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err,
+                                            re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                            re_dfastate_t *next_state)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t check_subexp_matching_top (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                                re_node_set *cur_nodes,
+                                                int str_idx) internal_function;
+#if 0
+static re_dfastate_t *transit_state_sb (reg_errcode_t *err,
+                                        re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                        re_dfastate_t *pstate)
+     internal_function;
+#endif
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static reg_errcode_t transit_state_mb (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                       re_dfastate_t *pstate)
+     internal_function;
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+static reg_errcode_t transit_state_bkref (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                          const re_node_set *nodes)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t get_subexp (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                 int bkref_node, int bkref_str_idx)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t get_subexp_sub (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                     const re_sub_match_top_t *sub_top,
+                                     re_sub_match_last_t *sub_last,
+                                     int bkref_node, int bkref_str)
+     internal_function;
+static int find_subexp_node (const re_dfa_t *dfa, const re_node_set *nodes,
+                             int subexp_idx, int type) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t check_arrival (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                    state_array_t *path, int top_node,
+                                    int top_str, int last_node, int last_str,
+                                    int type) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t check_arrival_add_next_nodes (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                                   int str_idx,
+                                                   re_node_set *cur_nodes,
+                                                   re_node_set *next_nodes)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t check_arrival_expand_ecl (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                               re_node_set *cur_nodes,
+                                               int ex_subexp, int type)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t check_arrival_expand_ecl_sub (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                                   re_node_set *dst_nodes,
+                                                   int target, int ex_subexp,
+                                                   int type) internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t expand_bkref_cache (re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                                         re_node_set *cur_nodes, int cur_str,
+                                         int subexp_num, int type)
+     internal_function;
+static int build_trtable (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                          re_dfastate_t *state) internal_function;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static int check_node_accept_bytes (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int node_idx,
+                                    const re_string_t *input, int idx)
+     internal_function;
+# ifdef _LIBC
+static unsigned int find_collation_sequence_value (const unsigned char *mbs,
+                                                   size_t name_len)
+     internal_function;
+# endif /* _LIBC */
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+static int group_nodes_into_DFAstates (const re_dfa_t *dfa,
+                                       const re_dfastate_t *state,
+                                       re_node_set *states_node,
+                                       bitset_t *states_ch) internal_function;
+static int check_node_accept (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                              const re_token_t *node, int idx)
+     internal_function;
+static reg_errcode_t extend_buffers (re_match_context_t *mctx)
+     internal_function;
+
+/* Entry point for POSIX code.  */
+
+/* regexec searches for a given pattern, specified by PREG, in the
+   string STRING.
+
+   If NMATCH is zero or REG_NOSUB was set in the cflags argument to
+   `regcomp', we ignore PMATCH.  Otherwise, we assume PMATCH has at
+   least NMATCH elements, and we set them to the offsets of the
+   corresponding matched substrings.
+
+   EFLAGS specifies `execution flags' which affect matching: if
+   REG_NOTBOL is set, then ^ does not match at the beginning of the
+   string; if REG_NOTEOL is set, then $ does not match at the end.
+
+   We return 0 if we find a match and REG_NOMATCH if not.  */
+
+int
+regexec (
+        const regex_t *__restrict preg,
+        const char *__restrict string,
+        size_t nmatch,
+        regmatch_t pmatch[],
+        int eflags)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int start, length;
+
+  if (eflags & ~(REG_NOTBOL | REG_NOTEOL | REG_STARTEND))
+    return REG_BADPAT;
+
+  if (eflags & REG_STARTEND)
+    {
+      start = pmatch[0].rm_so;
+      length = pmatch[0].rm_eo;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      start = 0;
+      length = strlen (string);
+    }
+
+  __libc_lock_lock (dfa->lock);
+  if (preg->no_sub)
+    err = re_search_internal (preg, string, length, start, length - start,
+                              length, 0, NULL, eflags);
+  else
+    err = re_search_internal (preg, string, length, start, length - start,
+                              length, nmatch, pmatch, eflags);
+  __libc_lock_unlock (dfa->lock);
+  return err != REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+#ifdef _LIBC
+# include <shlib-compat.h>
+versioned_symbol (libc, __regexec, regexec, GLIBC_2_3_4);
+
+# if SHLIB_COMPAT (libc, GLIBC_2_0, GLIBC_2_3_4)
+__typeof__ (__regexec) __compat_regexec;
+
+int
+attribute_compat_text_section
+__compat_regexec (const regex_t *__restrict preg,
+                  const char *__restrict string, size_t nmatch,
+                  regmatch_t pmatch[], int eflags)
+{
+  return regexec (preg, string, nmatch, pmatch,
+                  eflags & (REG_NOTBOL | REG_NOTEOL));
+}
+compat_symbol (libc, __compat_regexec, regexec, GLIBC_2_0);
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* Entry points for GNU code.  */
+
+/* re_match, re_search, re_match_2, re_search_2
+
+   The former two functions operate on STRING with length LENGTH,
+   while the later two operate on concatenation of STRING1 and STRING2
+   with lengths LENGTH1 and LENGTH2, respectively.
+
+   re_match() matches the compiled pattern in BUFP against the string,
+   starting at index START.
+
+   re_search() first tries matching at index START, then it tries to match
+   starting from index START + 1, and so on.  The last start position tried
+   is START + RANGE.  (Thus RANGE = 0 forces re_search to operate the same
+   way as re_match().)
+
+   The parameter STOP of re_{match,search}_2 specifies that no match exceeding
+   the first STOP characters of the concatenation of the strings should be
+   concerned.
+
+   If REGS is not NULL, and BUFP->no_sub is not set, the offsets of the match
+   and all groups is stroed in REGS.  (For the "_2" variants, the offsets are
+   computed relative to the concatenation, not relative to the individual
+   strings.)
+
+   On success, re_match* functions return the length of the match, re_search*
+   return the position of the start of the match.  Return value -1 means no
+   match was found and -2 indicates an internal error.  */
+
+int
+re_match (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+          const char *string,
+          int length,
+          int start,
+          struct re_registers *regs)
+{
+  return re_search_stub (bufp, string, length, start, 0, length, regs, 1);
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_match, re_match)
+#endif
+
+int
+re_search (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+           const char *string,
+           int length, int start, int range,
+           struct re_registers *regs)
+{
+  return re_search_stub (bufp, string, length, start, range, length, regs, 0);
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_search, re_search)
+#endif
+
+int
+re_match_2 (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+            const char *string1, int length1,
+            const char *string2, int length2, int start,
+            struct re_registers *regs, int stop)
+{
+  return re_search_2_stub (bufp, string1, length1, string2, length2,
+                           start, 0, regs, stop, 1);
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_match_2, re_match_2)
+#endif
+
+int
+re_search_2 (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+             const char *string1, int length1,
+             const char *string2, int length2, int start,
+             int range, struct re_registers *regs,  int stop)
+{
+  return re_search_2_stub (bufp, string1, length1, string2, length2,
+                           start, range, regs, stop, 0);
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_search_2, re_search_2)
+#endif
+
+static int
+re_search_2_stub (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+                  const char *string1, int length1,
+                  const char *string2, int length2, int start,
+                  int range, struct re_registers *regs,
+                  int stop, int ret_len)
+{
+  const char *str;
+  int rval;
+  int len = length1 + length2;
+  int free_str = 0;
+
+  if (BE (length1 < 0 || length2 < 0 || stop < 0, 0))
+    return -2;
+
+  /* Concatenate the strings.  */
+  if (length2 > 0)
+    if (length1 > 0)
+      {
+        char *s = re_malloc (char, len);
+
+        if (BE (s == NULL, 0))
+          return -2;
+        memcpy (s, string1, length1);
+        memcpy (s + length1, string2, length2);
+        str = s;
+        free_str = 1;
+      }
+    else
+      str = string2;
+  else
+    str = string1;
+
+  rval = re_search_stub (bufp, str, len, start, range, stop, regs, ret_len);
+  if (free_str)
+    re_free ((char *) str);
+  return rval;
+}
+
+/* The parameters have the same meaning as those of re_search.
+   Additional parameters:
+   If RET_LEN is nonzero the length of the match is returned (re_match style);
+   otherwise the position of the match is returned.  */
+
+static int
+re_search_stub (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+                const char *string, int length, int start,
+                int range, int stop,
+                struct re_registers *regs, int ret_len)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t result;
+  regmatch_t *pmatch;
+  int nregs, rval;
+  int eflags = 0;
+
+  /* Check for out-of-range.  */
+  if (BE (start < 0 || start > length, 0))
+    return -1;
+  if (BE (start + range > length, 0))
+    range = length - start;
+  else if (BE (start + range < 0, 0))
+    range = -start;
+
+  __libc_lock_lock (dfa->lock);
+
+  eflags |= (bufp->not_bol) ? REG_NOTBOL : 0;
+  eflags |= (bufp->not_eol) ? REG_NOTEOL : 0;
+
+  /* Compile fastmap if we haven't yet.  */
+  if (range > 0 && bufp->fastmap != NULL && !bufp->fastmap_accurate)
+    re_compile_fastmap (bufp);
+
+  if (BE (bufp->no_sub, 0))
+    regs = NULL;
+
+  /* We need at least 1 register.  */
+  if (regs == NULL)
+    nregs = 1;
+  else if (BE (bufp->regs_allocated == REGS_FIXED &&
+               regs->num_regs < bufp->re_nsub + 1, 0))
+    {
+      nregs = regs->num_regs;
+      if (BE (nregs < 1, 0))
+        {
+          /* Nothing can be copied to regs.  */
+          regs = NULL;
+          nregs = 1;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    nregs = bufp->re_nsub + 1;
+  pmatch = re_malloc (regmatch_t, nregs);
+  if (BE (pmatch == NULL, 0))
+    {
+      rval = -2;
+      goto out;
+    }
+
+  result = re_search_internal (bufp, string, length, start, range, stop,
+                               nregs, pmatch, eflags);
+
+  rval = 0;
+
+  /* I hope we needn't fill their regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
+  if (result != REG_NOERROR)
+    rval = -1;
+  else if (regs != NULL)
+    {
+      /* If caller wants register contents data back, copy them.  */
+      bufp->regs_allocated = re_copy_regs (regs, pmatch, nregs,
+                                           bufp->regs_allocated);
+      if (BE (bufp->regs_allocated == REGS_UNALLOCATED, 0))
+        rval = -2;
+    }
+
+  if (BE (rval == 0, 1))
+    {
+      if (ret_len)
+        {
+          assert (pmatch[0].rm_so == start);
+          rval = pmatch[0].rm_eo - start;
+        }
+      else
+        rval = pmatch[0].rm_so;
+    }
+  re_free (pmatch);
+ out:
+  __libc_lock_unlock (dfa->lock);
+  return rval;
+}
+
+static unsigned
+re_copy_regs (struct re_registers *regs,
+              regmatch_t *pmatch,
+              int nregs, int regs_allocated)
+{
+  int rval = REGS_REALLOCATE;
+  int i;
+  int need_regs = nregs + 1;
+  /* We need one extra element beyond `num_regs' for the `-1' marker GNU code
+     uses.  */
+
+  /* Have the register data arrays been allocated?  */
+  if (regs_allocated == REGS_UNALLOCATED)
+    { /* No.  So allocate them with malloc.  */
+      regs->start = re_malloc (regoff_t, need_regs);
+      if (BE (regs->start == NULL, 0))
+        return REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+      regs->end = re_malloc (regoff_t, need_regs);
+      if (BE (regs->end == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          re_free (regs->start);
+          return REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+        }
+      regs->num_regs = need_regs;
+    }
+  else if (regs_allocated == REGS_REALLOCATE)
+    { /* Yes.  If we need more elements than were already
+         allocated, reallocate them.  If we need fewer, just
+         leave it alone.  */
+      if (BE (need_regs > regs->num_regs, 0))
+        {
+          regoff_t *new_start = re_realloc (regs->start, regoff_t, need_regs);
+          regoff_t *new_end;
+          if (BE (new_start == NULL, 0))
+            return REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+          new_end = re_realloc (regs->end, regoff_t, need_regs);
+          if (BE (new_end == NULL, 0))
+            {
+              re_free (new_start);
+              return REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+            }
+          regs->start = new_start;
+          regs->end = new_end;
+          regs->num_regs = need_regs;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      assert (regs_allocated == REGS_FIXED);
+      /* This function may not be called with REGS_FIXED and nregs too big.  */
+      assert (regs->num_regs >= nregs);
+      rval = REGS_FIXED;
+    }
+
+  /* Copy the regs.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < nregs; ++i)
+    {
+      regs->start[i] = pmatch[i].rm_so;
+      regs->end[i] = pmatch[i].rm_eo;
+    }
+  for ( ; i < regs->num_regs; ++i)
+    regs->start[i] = regs->end[i] = -1;
+
+  return rval;
+}
+
+/* Set REGS to hold NUM_REGS registers, storing them in STARTS and
+   ENDS.  Subsequent matches using PATTERN_BUFFER and REGS will use
+   this memory for recording register information.  STARTS and ENDS
+   must be allocated using the malloc library routine, and must each
+   be at least NUM_REGS * sizeof (regoff_t) bytes long.
+
+   If NUM_REGS == 0, then subsequent matches should allocate their own
+   register data.
+
+   Unless this function is called, the first search or match using
+   PATTERN_BUFFER will allocate its own register data, without
+   freeing the old data.  */
+
+void
+re_set_registers (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
+                  struct re_registers *regs,
+                  unsigned num_regs,
+                  regoff_t *starts,
+                  regoff_t *ends)
+{
+  if (num_regs)
+    {
+      bufp->regs_allocated = REGS_REALLOCATE;
+      regs->num_regs = num_regs;
+      regs->start = starts;
+      regs->end = ends;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      bufp->regs_allocated = REGS_UNALLOCATED;
+      regs->num_regs = 0;
+      regs->start = regs->end = (regoff_t *) 0;
+    }
+}
+#ifdef _LIBC
+weak_alias (__re_set_registers, re_set_registers)
+#endif
+
+/* Entry points compatible with 4.2 BSD regex library.  We don't define
+   them unless specifically requested.  */
+
+#if defined _REGEX_RE_COMP || defined _LIBC
+int
+# ifdef _LIBC
+weak_function
+# endif
+re_exec (s)
+     const char *s;
+{
+  return 0 == regexec (&re_comp_buf, s, 0, NULL, 0);
+}
+#endif /* _REGEX_RE_COMP */
+
+/* Internal entry point.  */
+
+/* Searches for a compiled pattern PREG in the string STRING, whose
+   length is LENGTH.  NMATCH, PMATCH, and EFLAGS have the same
+   mingings with regexec.  START, and RANGE have the same meanings
+   with re_search.
+   Return REG_NOERROR if we find a match, and REG_NOMATCH if not,
+   otherwise return the error code.
+   Note: We assume front end functions already check ranges.
+   (START + RANGE >= 0 && START + RANGE <= LENGTH)  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+re_search_internal (const regex_t *preg,
+                    const char *string,
+                    int length, int start, int range, int stop,
+                    size_t nmatch, regmatch_t pmatch[],
+                    int eflags)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  const re_dfa_t *dfa = (const re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  int left_lim, right_lim, incr;
+  int fl_longest_match, match_first, match_kind, match_last = -1;
+  int extra_nmatch;
+  int sb, ch;
+#if defined _LIBC || (defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)
+  re_match_context_t mctx = { .dfa = dfa };
+#else
+  re_match_context_t mctx;
+#endif
+  char *fastmap = (preg->fastmap != NULL && preg->fastmap_accurate
+                   && range && !preg->can_be_null) ? preg->fastmap : NULL;
+  RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE t = preg->translate;
+
+#if !(defined _LIBC || (defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L))
+  memset (&mctx, '\0', sizeof (re_match_context_t));
+  mctx.dfa = dfa;
+#endif
+
+  extra_nmatch = (nmatch > preg->re_nsub) ? nmatch - (preg->re_nsub + 1) : 0;
+  nmatch -= extra_nmatch;
+
+  /* Check if the DFA haven't been compiled.  */
+  if (BE (preg->used == 0 || dfa->init_state == NULL
+          || dfa->init_state_word == NULL || dfa->init_state_nl == NULL
+          || dfa->init_state_begbuf == NULL, 0))
+    return REG_NOMATCH;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  /* We assume front-end functions already check them.  */
+  assert (start + range >= 0 && start + range <= length);
+#endif
+
+  /* If initial states with non-begbuf contexts have no elements,
+     the regex must be anchored.  If preg->newline_anchor is set,
+     we'll never use init_state_nl, so do not check it.  */
+  if (dfa->init_state->nodes.nelem == 0
+      && dfa->init_state_word->nodes.nelem == 0
+      && (dfa->init_state_nl->nodes.nelem == 0
+          || !preg->newline_anchor))
+    {
+      if (start != 0 && start + range != 0)
+        return REG_NOMATCH;
+      start = range = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* We must check the longest matching, if nmatch > 0.  */
+  fl_longest_match = (nmatch != 0 || dfa->nbackref);
+
+  err = re_string_allocate (&mctx.input, string, length, dfa->nodes_len + 1,
+                            preg->translate, preg->syntax & RE_ICASE, dfa);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    goto free_return;
+  mctx.input.stop = stop;
+  mctx.input.raw_stop = stop;
+  mctx.input.newline_anchor = preg->newline_anchor;
+
+  err = match_ctx_init (&mctx, eflags, dfa->nbackref * 2);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    goto free_return;
+
+  /* We will log all the DFA states through which the dfa pass,
+     if nmatch > 1, or this dfa has "multibyte node", which is a
+     back-reference or a node which can accept multibyte character or
+     multi character collating element.  */
+  if (nmatch > 1 || dfa->has_mb_node)
+    {
+      /* Avoid overflow.  */
+      if (BE (SIZE_MAX / sizeof (re_dfastate_t *) <= mctx.input.bufs_len, 0))
+        {
+          err = REG_ESPACE;
+          goto free_return;
+        }
+
+      mctx.state_log = re_malloc (re_dfastate_t *, mctx.input.bufs_len + 1);
+      if (BE (mctx.state_log == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          err = REG_ESPACE;
+          goto free_return;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    mctx.state_log = NULL;
+
+  match_first = start;
+  mctx.input.tip_context = (eflags & REG_NOTBOL) ? CONTEXT_BEGBUF
+                           : CONTEXT_NEWLINE | CONTEXT_BEGBUF;
+
+  /* Check incrementally whether of not the input string match.  */
+  incr = (range < 0) ? -1 : 1;
+  left_lim = (range < 0) ? start + range : start;
+  right_lim = (range < 0) ? start : start + range;
+  sb = dfa->mb_cur_max == 1;
+  match_kind =
+    (fastmap
+     ? ((sb || !(preg->syntax & RE_ICASE || t) ? 4 : 0)
+        | (range >= 0 ? 2 : 0)
+        | (t != NULL ? 1 : 0))
+     : 8);
+
+  for (;; match_first += incr)
+    {
+      err = REG_NOMATCH;
+      if (match_first < left_lim || right_lim < match_first)
+        goto free_return;
+
+      /* Advance as rapidly as possible through the string, until we
+         find a plausible place to start matching.  This may be done
+         with varying efficiency, so there are various possibilities:
+         only the most common of them are specialized, in order to
+         save on code size.  We use a switch statement for speed.  */
+      switch (match_kind)
+        {
+        case 8:
+          /* No fastmap.  */
+          break;
+
+        case 7:
+          /* Fastmap with single-byte translation, match forward.  */
+          while (BE (match_first < right_lim, 1)
+                 && !fastmap[t[(unsigned char) string[match_first]]])
+            ++match_first;
+          goto forward_match_found_start_or_reached_end;
+
+        case 6:
+          /* Fastmap without translation, match forward.  */
+          while (BE (match_first < right_lim, 1)
+                 && !fastmap[(unsigned char) string[match_first]])
+            ++match_first;
+
+        forward_match_found_start_or_reached_end:
+          if (BE (match_first == right_lim, 0))
+            {
+              ch = match_first >= length
+                       ? 0 : (unsigned char) string[match_first];
+              if (!fastmap[t ? t[ch] : ch])
+                goto free_return;
+            }
+          break;
+
+        case 4:
+        case 5:
+          /* Fastmap without multi-byte translation, match backwards.  */
+          while (match_first >= left_lim)
+            {
+              ch = match_first >= length
+                       ? 0 : (unsigned char) string[match_first];
+              if (fastmap[t ? t[ch] : ch])
+                break;
+              --match_first;
+            }
+          if (match_first < left_lim)
+            goto free_return;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          /* In this case, we can't determine easily the current byte,
+             since it might be a component byte of a multibyte
+             character.  Then we use the constructed buffer instead.  */
+          for (;;)
+            {
+              /* If MATCH_FIRST is out of the valid range, reconstruct the
+                 buffers.  */
+              unsigned int offset = match_first - mctx.input.raw_mbs_idx;
+              if (BE (offset >= (unsigned int) mctx.input.valid_raw_len, 0))
+                {
+                  err = re_string_reconstruct (&mctx.input, match_first,
+                                               eflags);
+                  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                    goto free_return;
+
+                  offset = match_first - mctx.input.raw_mbs_idx;
+                }
+              /* If MATCH_FIRST is out of the buffer, leave it as '\0'.
+                 Note that MATCH_FIRST must not be smaller than 0.  */
+              ch = (match_first >= length
+                    ? 0 : re_string_byte_at (&mctx.input, offset));
+              if (fastmap[ch])
+                break;
+              match_first += incr;
+              if (match_first < left_lim || match_first > right_lim)
+                {
+                  err = REG_NOMATCH;
+                  goto free_return;
+                }
+            }
+          break;
+        }
+
+      /* Reconstruct the buffers so that the matcher can assume that
+         the matching starts from the beginning of the buffer.  */
+      err = re_string_reconstruct (&mctx.input, match_first, eflags);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        goto free_return;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+     /* Don't consider this char as a possible match start if it part,
+        yet isn't the head, of a multibyte character.  */
+      if (!sb && !re_string_first_byte (&mctx.input, 0))
+        continue;
+#endif
+
+      /* It seems to be appropriate one, then use the matcher.  */
+      /* We assume that the matching starts from 0.  */
+      mctx.state_log_top = mctx.nbkref_ents = mctx.max_mb_elem_len = 0;
+      match_last = check_matching (&mctx, fl_longest_match,
+                                   range >= 0 ? &match_first : NULL);
+      if (match_last != -1)
+        {
+          if (BE (match_last == -2, 0))
+            {
+              err = REG_ESPACE;
+              goto free_return;
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              mctx.match_last = match_last;
+              if ((!preg->no_sub && nmatch > 1) || dfa->nbackref)
+                {
+                  re_dfastate_t *pstate = mctx.state_log[match_last];
+                  mctx.last_node = check_halt_state_context (&mctx, pstate,
+                                                             match_last);
+                }
+              if ((!preg->no_sub && nmatch > 1 && dfa->has_plural_match)
+                  || dfa->nbackref)
+                {
+                  err = prune_impossible_nodes (&mctx);
+                  if (err == REG_NOERROR)
+                    break;
+                  if (BE (err != REG_NOMATCH, 0))
+                    goto free_return;
+                  match_last = -1;
+                }
+              else
+                break; /* We found a match.  */
+            }
+        }
+
+      match_ctx_clean (&mctx);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (match_last != -1);
+  assert (err == REG_NOERROR);
+#endif
+
+  /* Set pmatch[] if we need.  */
+  if (nmatch > 0)
+    {
+      int reg_idx;
+
+      /* Initialize registers.  */
+      for (reg_idx = 1; reg_idx < nmatch; ++reg_idx)
+        pmatch[reg_idx].rm_so = pmatch[reg_idx].rm_eo = -1;
+
+      /* Set the points where matching start/end.  */
+      pmatch[0].rm_so = 0;
+      pmatch[0].rm_eo = mctx.match_last;
+
+      if (!preg->no_sub && nmatch > 1)
+        {
+          err = set_regs (preg, &mctx, nmatch, pmatch,
+                          dfa->has_plural_match && dfa->nbackref > 0);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            goto free_return;
+        }
+
+      /* At last, add the offset to the each registers, since we slided
+         the buffers so that we could assume that the matching starts
+         from 0.  */
+      for (reg_idx = 0; reg_idx < nmatch; ++reg_idx)
+        if (pmatch[reg_idx].rm_so != -1)
+          {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+            if (BE (mctx.input.offsets_needed != 0, 0))
+              {
+                pmatch[reg_idx].rm_so =
+                  (pmatch[reg_idx].rm_so == mctx.input.valid_len
+                   ? mctx.input.valid_raw_len
+                   : mctx.input.offsets[pmatch[reg_idx].rm_so]);
+                pmatch[reg_idx].rm_eo =
+                  (pmatch[reg_idx].rm_eo == mctx.input.valid_len
+                   ? mctx.input.valid_raw_len
+                   : mctx.input.offsets[pmatch[reg_idx].rm_eo]);
+              }
+#else
+            assert (mctx.input.offsets_needed == 0);
+#endif
+            pmatch[reg_idx].rm_so += match_first;
+            pmatch[reg_idx].rm_eo += match_first;
+          }
+      for (reg_idx = 0; reg_idx < extra_nmatch; ++reg_idx)
+        {
+          pmatch[nmatch + reg_idx].rm_so = -1;
+          pmatch[nmatch + reg_idx].rm_eo = -1;
+        }
+
+      if (dfa->subexp_map)
+        for (reg_idx = 0; reg_idx + 1 < nmatch; reg_idx++)
+          if (dfa->subexp_map[reg_idx] != reg_idx)
+            {
+              pmatch[reg_idx + 1].rm_so
+                = pmatch[dfa->subexp_map[reg_idx] + 1].rm_so;
+              pmatch[reg_idx + 1].rm_eo
+                = pmatch[dfa->subexp_map[reg_idx] + 1].rm_eo;
+            }
+    }
+
+ free_return:
+  re_free (mctx.state_log);
+  if (dfa->nbackref)
+    match_ctx_free (&mctx);
+  re_string_destruct (&mctx.input);
+  return err;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+prune_impossible_nodes (re_match_context_t *mctx)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int halt_node, match_last;
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  re_dfastate_t **sifted_states;
+  re_dfastate_t **lim_states = NULL;
+  re_sift_context_t sctx;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (mctx->state_log != NULL);
+#endif
+  match_last = mctx->match_last;
+  halt_node = mctx->last_node;
+
+  /* Avoid overflow.  */
+  if (BE (SIZE_MAX / sizeof (re_dfastate_t *) <= match_last, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+
+  sifted_states = re_malloc (re_dfastate_t *, match_last + 1);
+  if (BE (sifted_states == NULL, 0))
+    {
+      ret = REG_ESPACE;
+      goto free_return;
+    }
+  if (dfa->nbackref)
+    {
+      lim_states = re_malloc (re_dfastate_t *, match_last + 1);
+      if (BE (lim_states == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          ret = REG_ESPACE;
+          goto free_return;
+        }
+      while (1)
+        {
+          memset (lim_states, '\0',
+                  sizeof (re_dfastate_t *) * (match_last + 1));
+          sift_ctx_init (&sctx, sifted_states, lim_states, halt_node,
+                         match_last);
+          ret = sift_states_backward (mctx, &sctx);
+          re_node_set_free (&sctx.limits);
+          if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+              goto free_return;
+          if (sifted_states[0] != NULL || lim_states[0] != NULL)
+            break;
+          do
+            {
+              --match_last;
+              if (match_last < 0)
+                {
+                  ret = REG_NOMATCH;
+                  goto free_return;
+                }
+            } while (mctx->state_log[match_last] == NULL
+                     || !mctx->state_log[match_last]->halt);
+          halt_node = check_halt_state_context (mctx,
+                                                mctx->state_log[match_last],
+                                                match_last);
+        }
+      ret = merge_state_array (dfa, sifted_states, lim_states,
+                               match_last + 1);
+      re_free (lim_states);
+      lim_states = NULL;
+      if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        goto free_return;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      sift_ctx_init (&sctx, sifted_states, lim_states, halt_node, match_last);
+      ret = sift_states_backward (mctx, &sctx);
+      re_node_set_free (&sctx.limits);
+      if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        goto free_return;
+      if (sifted_states[0] == NULL)
+        {
+          ret = REG_NOMATCH;
+          goto free_return;
+        }
+    }
+  re_free (mctx->state_log);
+  mctx->state_log = sifted_states;
+  sifted_states = NULL;
+  mctx->last_node = halt_node;
+  mctx->match_last = match_last;
+  ret = REG_NOERROR;
+ free_return:
+  re_free (sifted_states);
+  re_free (lim_states);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Acquire an initial state and return it.
+   We must select appropriate initial state depending on the context,
+   since initial states may have constraints like "\<", "^", etc..  */
+
+static inline re_dfastate_t *
+__attribute ((always_inline)) internal_function
+acquire_init_state_context (reg_errcode_t *err, const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                            int idx)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  if (dfa->init_state->has_constraint)
+    {
+      unsigned int context;
+      context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, idx - 1, mctx->eflags);
+      if (IS_WORD_CONTEXT (context))
+        return dfa->init_state_word;
+      else if (IS_ORDINARY_CONTEXT (context))
+        return dfa->init_state;
+      else if (IS_BEGBUF_CONTEXT (context) && IS_NEWLINE_CONTEXT (context))
+        return dfa->init_state_begbuf;
+      else if (IS_NEWLINE_CONTEXT (context))
+        return dfa->init_state_nl;
+      else if (IS_BEGBUF_CONTEXT (context))
+        {
+          /* It is relatively rare case, then calculate on demand.  */
+          return re_acquire_state_context (err, dfa,
+                                           dfa->init_state->entrance_nodes,
+                                           context);
+        }
+      else
+        /* Must not happen?  */
+        return dfa->init_state;
+    }
+  else
+    return dfa->init_state;
+}
+
+/* Check whether the regular expression match input string INPUT or not,
+   and return the index where the matching end, return -1 if not match,
+   or return -2 in case of an error.
+   FL_LONGEST_MATCH means we want the POSIX longest matching.
+   If P_MATCH_FIRST is not NULL, and the match fails, it is set to the
+   next place where we may want to try matching.
+   Note that the matcher assume that the matching starts from the current
+   index of the buffer.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_matching (re_match_context_t *mctx, int fl_longest_match,
+                int *p_match_first)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int match = 0;
+  int match_last = -1;
+  int cur_str_idx = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input);
+  re_dfastate_t *cur_state;
+  int at_init_state = p_match_first != NULL;
+  int next_start_idx = cur_str_idx;
+
+  err = REG_NOERROR;
+  cur_state = acquire_init_state_context (&err, mctx, cur_str_idx);
+  /* An initial state must not be NULL (invalid).  */
+  if (BE (cur_state == NULL, 0))
+    {
+      assert (err == REG_ESPACE);
+      return -2;
+    }
+
+  if (mctx->state_log != NULL)
+    {
+      mctx->state_log[cur_str_idx] = cur_state;
+
+      /* Check OP_OPEN_SUBEXP in the initial state in case that we use them
+         later.  E.g. Processing back references.  */
+      if (BE (dfa->nbackref, 0))
+        {
+          at_init_state = 0;
+          err = check_subexp_matching_top (mctx, &cur_state->nodes, 0);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+
+          if (cur_state->has_backref)
+            {
+              err = transit_state_bkref (mctx, &cur_state->nodes);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                return err;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* If the RE accepts NULL string.  */
+  if (BE (cur_state->halt, 0))
+    {
+      if (!cur_state->has_constraint
+          || check_halt_state_context (mctx, cur_state, cur_str_idx))
+        {
+          if (!fl_longest_match)
+            return cur_str_idx;
+          else
+            {
+              match_last = cur_str_idx;
+              match = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  while (!re_string_eoi (&mctx->input))
+    {
+      re_dfastate_t *old_state = cur_state;
+      int next_char_idx = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input) + 1;
+
+      if (BE (next_char_idx >= mctx->input.bufs_len, 0)
+          || (BE (next_char_idx >= mctx->input.valid_len, 0)
+              && mctx->input.valid_len < mctx->input.len))
+        {
+          err = extend_buffers (mctx);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              assert (err == REG_ESPACE);
+              return -2;
+            }
+        }
+
+      cur_state = transit_state (&err, mctx, cur_state);
+      if (mctx->state_log != NULL)
+        cur_state = merge_state_with_log (&err, mctx, cur_state);
+
+      if (cur_state == NULL)
+        {
+          /* Reached the invalid state or an error.  Try to recover a valid
+             state using the state log, if available and if we have not
+             already found a valid (even if not the longest) match.  */
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return -2;
+
+          if (mctx->state_log == NULL
+              || (match && !fl_longest_match)
+              || (cur_state = find_recover_state (&err, mctx)) == NULL)
+            break;
+        }
+
+      if (BE (at_init_state, 0))
+        {
+          if (old_state == cur_state)
+            next_start_idx = next_char_idx;
+          else
+            at_init_state = 0;
+        }
+
+      if (cur_state->halt)
+        {
+          /* Reached a halt state.
+             Check the halt state can satisfy the current context.  */
+          if (!cur_state->has_constraint
+              || check_halt_state_context (mctx, cur_state,
+                                           re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input)))
+            {
+              /* We found an appropriate halt state.  */
+              match_last = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input);
+              match = 1;
+
+              /* We found a match, do not modify match_first below.  */
+              p_match_first = NULL;
+              if (!fl_longest_match)
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (p_match_first)
+    *p_match_first += next_start_idx;
+
+  return match_last;
+}
+
+/* Check NODE match the current context.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_halt_node_context (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int node, unsigned int context)
+{
+  re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node].type;
+  unsigned int constraint = dfa->nodes[node].constraint;
+  if (type != END_OF_RE)
+    return 0;
+  if (!constraint)
+    return 1;
+  if (NOT_SATISFY_NEXT_CONSTRAINT (constraint, context))
+    return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Check the halt state STATE match the current context.
+   Return 0 if not match, if the node, STATE has, is a halt node and
+   match the context, return the node.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_halt_state_context (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                          const re_dfastate_t *state, int idx)
+{
+  int i;
+  unsigned int context;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (state->halt);
+#endif
+  context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, idx, mctx->eflags);
+  for (i = 0; i < state->nodes.nelem; ++i)
+    if (check_halt_node_context (mctx->dfa, state->nodes.elems[i], context))
+      return state->nodes.elems[i];
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Compute the next node to which "NFA" transit from NODE("NFA" is a NFA
+   corresponding to the DFA).
+   Return the destination node, and update EPS_VIA_NODES, return -1 in case
+   of errors.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+proceed_next_node (const re_match_context_t *mctx, int nregs, regmatch_t *regs,
+                   int *pidx, int node, re_node_set *eps_via_nodes,
+                   struct re_fail_stack_t *fs)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int i, err;
+  if (IS_EPSILON_NODE (dfa->nodes[node].type))
+    {
+      re_node_set *cur_nodes = &mctx->state_log[*pidx]->nodes;
+      re_node_set *edests = &dfa->edests[node];
+      int dest_node;
+      err = re_node_set_insert (eps_via_nodes, node);
+      if (BE (err < 0, 0))
+        return -2;
+      /* Pick up a valid destination, or return -1 if none is found.  */
+      for (dest_node = -1, i = 0; i < edests->nelem; ++i)
+        {
+          int candidate = edests->elems[i];
+          if (!re_node_set_contains (cur_nodes, candidate))
+            continue;
+          if (dest_node == -1)
+            dest_node = candidate;
+
+          else
+            {
+              /* In order to avoid infinite loop like "(a*)*", return the second
+                 epsilon-transition if the first was already considered.  */
+              if (re_node_set_contains (eps_via_nodes, dest_node))
+                return candidate;
+
+              /* Otherwise, push the second epsilon-transition on the fail stack.  */
+              else if (fs != NULL
+                       && push_fail_stack (fs, *pidx, candidate, nregs, regs,
+                                           eps_via_nodes))
+                return -2;
+
+              /* We know we are going to exit.  */
+              break;
+            }
+        }
+      return dest_node;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      int naccepted = 0;
+      re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node].type;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (dfa->nodes[node].accept_mb)
+        naccepted = check_node_accept_bytes (dfa, node, &mctx->input, *pidx);
+      else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+      if (type == OP_BACK_REF)
+        {
+          int subexp_idx = dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx + 1;
+          naccepted = regs[subexp_idx].rm_eo - regs[subexp_idx].rm_so;
+          if (fs != NULL)
+            {
+              if (regs[subexp_idx].rm_so == -1 || regs[subexp_idx].rm_eo == -1)
+                return -1;
+              else if (naccepted)
+                {
+                  char *buf = (char *) re_string_get_buffer (&mctx->input);
+                  if (memcmp (buf + regs[subexp_idx].rm_so, buf + *pidx,
+                              naccepted) != 0)
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+
+          if (naccepted == 0)
+            {
+              int dest_node;
+              err = re_node_set_insert (eps_via_nodes, node);
+              if (BE (err < 0, 0))
+                return -2;
+              dest_node = dfa->edests[node].elems[0];
+              if (re_node_set_contains (&mctx->state_log[*pidx]->nodes,
+                                        dest_node))
+                return dest_node;
+            }
+        }
+
+      if (naccepted != 0
+          || check_node_accept (mctx, dfa->nodes + node, *pidx))
+        {
+          int dest_node = dfa->nexts[node];
+          *pidx = (naccepted == 0) ? *pidx + 1 : *pidx + naccepted;
+          if (fs && (*pidx > mctx->match_last || mctx->state_log[*pidx] == NULL
+                     || !re_node_set_contains (&mctx->state_log[*pidx]->nodes,
+                                               dest_node)))
+            return -1;
+          re_node_set_empty (eps_via_nodes);
+          return dest_node;
+        }
+    }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+push_fail_stack (struct re_fail_stack_t *fs, int str_idx, int dest_node,
+                 int nregs, regmatch_t *regs, re_node_set *eps_via_nodes)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int num = fs->num++;
+  if (fs->num == fs->alloc)
+    {
+      struct re_fail_stack_ent_t *new_array;
+      new_array = realloc (fs->stack, (sizeof (struct re_fail_stack_ent_t)
+                                       * fs->alloc * 2));
+      if (new_array == NULL)
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      fs->alloc *= 2;
+      fs->stack = new_array;
+    }
+  fs->stack[num].idx = str_idx;
+  fs->stack[num].node = dest_node;
+  fs->stack[num].regs = re_malloc (regmatch_t, nregs);
+  if (fs->stack[num].regs == NULL)
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+  memcpy (fs->stack[num].regs, regs, sizeof (regmatch_t) * nregs);
+  err = re_node_set_init_copy (&fs->stack[num].eps_via_nodes, eps_via_nodes);
+  return err;
+}
+
+static int
+internal_function
+pop_fail_stack (struct re_fail_stack_t *fs, int *pidx, int nregs,
+                regmatch_t *regs, re_node_set *eps_via_nodes)
+{
+  int num = --fs->num;
+  assert (num >= 0);
+  *pidx = fs->stack[num].idx;
+  memcpy (regs, fs->stack[num].regs, sizeof (regmatch_t) * nregs);
+  re_node_set_free (eps_via_nodes);
+  re_free (fs->stack[num].regs);
+  *eps_via_nodes = fs->stack[num].eps_via_nodes;
+  return fs->stack[num].node;
+}
+
+/* Set the positions where the subexpressions are starts/ends to registers
+   PMATCH.
+   Note: We assume that pmatch[0] is already set, and
+   pmatch[i].rm_so == pmatch[i].rm_eo == -1 for 0 < i < nmatch.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+set_regs (const regex_t *preg, const re_match_context_t *mctx, size_t nmatch,
+          regmatch_t *pmatch, int fl_backtrack)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *dfa = (const re_dfa_t *) preg->buffer;
+  int idx, cur_node;
+  re_node_set eps_via_nodes;
+  struct re_fail_stack_t *fs;
+  struct re_fail_stack_t fs_body = { 0, 2, NULL };
+  regmatch_t *prev_idx_match;
+  int prev_idx_match_malloced = 0;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (nmatch > 1);
+  assert (mctx->state_log != NULL);
+#endif
+  if (fl_backtrack)
+    {
+      fs = &fs_body;
+      fs->stack = re_malloc (struct re_fail_stack_ent_t, fs->alloc);
+      if (fs->stack == NULL)
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+    }
+  else
+    fs = NULL;
+
+  cur_node = dfa->init_node;
+  re_node_set_init_empty (&eps_via_nodes);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
+  if (__libc_use_alloca (nmatch * sizeof (regmatch_t)))
+    prev_idx_match = (regmatch_t *) alloca (nmatch * sizeof (regmatch_t));
+  else
+#endif
+    {
+      prev_idx_match = re_malloc (regmatch_t, nmatch);
+      if (prev_idx_match == NULL)
+        {
+          free_fail_stack_return (fs);
+          return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+      prev_idx_match_malloced = 1;
+    }
+  memcpy (prev_idx_match, pmatch, sizeof (regmatch_t) * nmatch);
+
+  for (idx = pmatch[0].rm_so; idx <= pmatch[0].rm_eo ;)
+    {
+      update_regs (dfa, pmatch, prev_idx_match, cur_node, idx, nmatch);
+
+      if (idx == pmatch[0].rm_eo && cur_node == mctx->last_node)
+        {
+          int reg_idx;
+          if (fs)
+            {
+              for (reg_idx = 0; reg_idx < nmatch; ++reg_idx)
+                if (pmatch[reg_idx].rm_so > -1 && pmatch[reg_idx].rm_eo == -1)
+                  break;
+              if (reg_idx == nmatch)
+                {
+                  re_node_set_free (&eps_via_nodes);
+                  if (prev_idx_match_malloced)
+                    re_free (prev_idx_match);
+                  return free_fail_stack_return (fs);
+                }
+              cur_node = pop_fail_stack (fs, &idx, nmatch, pmatch,
+                                         &eps_via_nodes);
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&eps_via_nodes);
+              if (prev_idx_match_malloced)
+                re_free (prev_idx_match);
+              return REG_NOERROR;
+            }
+        }
+
+      /* Proceed to next node.  */
+      cur_node = proceed_next_node (mctx, nmatch, pmatch, &idx, cur_node,
+                                    &eps_via_nodes, fs);
+
+      if (BE (cur_node < 0, 0))
+        {
+          if (BE (cur_node == -2, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&eps_via_nodes);
+              if (prev_idx_match_malloced)
+                re_free (prev_idx_match);
+              free_fail_stack_return (fs);
+              return REG_ESPACE;
+            }
+          if (fs)
+            cur_node = pop_fail_stack (fs, &idx, nmatch, pmatch,
+                                       &eps_via_nodes);
+          else
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&eps_via_nodes);
+              if (prev_idx_match_malloced)
+                re_free (prev_idx_match);
+              return REG_NOMATCH;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  re_node_set_free (&eps_via_nodes);
+  if (prev_idx_match_malloced)
+    re_free (prev_idx_match);
+  return free_fail_stack_return (fs);
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+free_fail_stack_return (struct re_fail_stack_t *fs)
+{
+  if (fs)
+    {
+      int fs_idx;
+      for (fs_idx = 0; fs_idx < fs->num; ++fs_idx)
+        {
+          re_node_set_free (&fs->stack[fs_idx].eps_via_nodes);
+          re_free (fs->stack[fs_idx].regs);
+        }
+      re_free (fs->stack);
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static void
+internal_function
+update_regs (const re_dfa_t *dfa, regmatch_t *pmatch,
+             regmatch_t *prev_idx_match, int cur_node, int cur_idx, int nmatch)
+{
+  int type = dfa->nodes[cur_node].type;
+  if (type == OP_OPEN_SUBEXP)
+    {
+      int reg_num = dfa->nodes[cur_node].opr.idx + 1;
+
+      /* We are at the first node of this sub expression.  */
+      if (reg_num < nmatch)
+        {
+          pmatch[reg_num].rm_so = cur_idx;
+          pmatch[reg_num].rm_eo = -1;
+        }
+    }
+  else if (type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP)
+    {
+      int reg_num = dfa->nodes[cur_node].opr.idx + 1;
+      if (reg_num < nmatch)
+        {
+          /* We are at the last node of this sub expression.  */
+          if (pmatch[reg_num].rm_so < cur_idx)
+            {
+              pmatch[reg_num].rm_eo = cur_idx;
+              /* This is a non-empty match or we are not inside an optional
+                 subexpression.  Accept this right away.  */
+              memcpy (prev_idx_match, pmatch, sizeof (regmatch_t) * nmatch);
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              if (dfa->nodes[cur_node].opt_subexp
+                  && prev_idx_match[reg_num].rm_so != -1)
+                /* We transited through an empty match for an optional
+                   subexpression, like (a?)*, and this is not the subexp's
+                   first match.  Copy back the old content of the registers
+                   so that matches of an inner subexpression are undone as
+                   well, like in ((a?))*.  */
+                memcpy (pmatch, prev_idx_match, sizeof (regmatch_t) * nmatch);
+              else
+                /* We completed a subexpression, but it may be part of
+                   an optional one, so do not update PREV_IDX_MATCH.  */
+                pmatch[reg_num].rm_eo = cur_idx;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* This function checks the STATE_LOG from the SCTX->last_str_idx to 0
+   and sift the nodes in each states according to the following rules.
+   Updated state_log will be wrote to STATE_LOG.
+
+   Rules: We throw away the Node `a' in the STATE_LOG[STR_IDX] if...
+     1. When STR_IDX == MATCH_LAST(the last index in the state_log):
+        If `a' isn't the LAST_NODE and `a' can't epsilon transit to
+        the LAST_NODE, we throw away the node `a'.
+     2. When 0 <= STR_IDX < MATCH_LAST and `a' accepts
+        string `s' and transit to `b':
+        i. If 'b' isn't in the STATE_LOG[STR_IDX+strlen('s')], we throw
+           away the node `a'.
+        ii. If 'b' is in the STATE_LOG[STR_IDX+strlen('s')] but 'b' is
+            thrown away, we throw away the node `a'.
+     3. When 0 <= STR_IDX < MATCH_LAST and 'a' epsilon transit to 'b':
+        i. If 'b' isn't in the STATE_LOG[STR_IDX], we throw away the
+           node `a'.
+        ii. If 'b' is in the STATE_LOG[STR_IDX] but 'b' is thrown away,
+            we throw away the node `a'.  */
+
+#define STATE_NODE_CONTAINS(state,node) \
+  ((state) != NULL && re_node_set_contains (&(state)->nodes, node))
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+sift_states_backward (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_sift_context_t *sctx)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int null_cnt = 0;
+  int str_idx = sctx->last_str_idx;
+  re_node_set cur_dest;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (mctx->state_log != NULL && mctx->state_log[str_idx] != NULL);
+#endif
+
+  /* Build sifted state_log[str_idx].  It has the nodes which can epsilon
+     transit to the last_node and the last_node itself.  */
+  err = re_node_set_init_1 (&cur_dest, sctx->last_node);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return err;
+  err = update_cur_sifted_state (mctx, sctx, str_idx, &cur_dest);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    goto free_return;
+
+  /* Then check each states in the state_log.  */
+  while (str_idx > 0)
+    {
+      /* Update counters.  */
+      null_cnt = (sctx->sifted_states[str_idx] == NULL) ? null_cnt + 1 : 0;
+      if (null_cnt > mctx->max_mb_elem_len)
+        {
+          memset (sctx->sifted_states, '\0',
+                  sizeof (re_dfastate_t *) * str_idx);
+          re_node_set_free (&cur_dest);
+          return REG_NOERROR;
+        }
+      re_node_set_empty (&cur_dest);
+      --str_idx;
+
+      if (mctx->state_log[str_idx])
+        {
+          err = build_sifted_states (mctx, sctx, str_idx, &cur_dest);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            goto free_return;
+        }
+
+      /* Add all the nodes which satisfy the following conditions:
+         - It can epsilon transit to a node in CUR_DEST.
+         - It is in CUR_SRC.
+         And update state_log.  */
+      err = update_cur_sifted_state (mctx, sctx, str_idx, &cur_dest);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        goto free_return;
+    }
+  err = REG_NOERROR;
+ free_return:
+  re_node_set_free (&cur_dest);
+  return err;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+build_sifted_states (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_sift_context_t *sctx,
+                     int str_idx, re_node_set *cur_dest)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  const re_node_set *cur_src = &mctx->state_log[str_idx]->non_eps_nodes;
+  int i;
+
+  /* Then build the next sifted state.
+     We build the next sifted state on `cur_dest', and update
+     `sifted_states[str_idx]' with `cur_dest'.
+     Note:
+     `cur_dest' is the sifted state from `state_log[str_idx + 1]'.
+     `cur_src' points the node_set of the old `state_log[str_idx]'
+     (with the epsilon nodes pre-filtered out).  */
+  for (i = 0; i < cur_src->nelem; i++)
+    {
+      int prev_node = cur_src->elems[i];
+      int naccepted = 0;
+      int ret;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[prev_node].type;
+      assert (!IS_EPSILON_NODE (type));
+#endif
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      /* If the node may accept `multi byte'.  */
+      if (dfa->nodes[prev_node].accept_mb)
+        naccepted = sift_states_iter_mb (mctx, sctx, prev_node,
+                                         str_idx, sctx->last_str_idx);
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+      /* We don't check backreferences here.
+         See update_cur_sifted_state().  */
+      if (!naccepted
+          && check_node_accept (mctx, dfa->nodes + prev_node, str_idx)
+          && STATE_NODE_CONTAINS (sctx->sifted_states[str_idx + 1],
+                                  dfa->nexts[prev_node]))
+        naccepted = 1;
+
+      if (naccepted == 0)
+        continue;
+
+      if (sctx->limits.nelem)
+        {
+          int to_idx = str_idx + naccepted;
+          if (check_dst_limits (mctx, &sctx->limits,
+                                dfa->nexts[prev_node], to_idx,
+                                prev_node, str_idx))
+            continue;
+        }
+      ret = re_node_set_insert (cur_dest, prev_node);
+      if (BE (ret == -1, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+    }
+
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Helper functions.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+clean_state_log_if_needed (re_match_context_t *mctx, int next_state_log_idx)
+{
+  int top = mctx->state_log_top;
+
+  if (next_state_log_idx >= mctx->input.bufs_len
+      || (next_state_log_idx >= mctx->input.valid_len
+          && mctx->input.valid_len < mctx->input.len))
+    {
+      reg_errcode_t err;
+      err = extend_buffers (mctx);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+    }
+
+  if (top < next_state_log_idx)
+    {
+      memset (mctx->state_log + top + 1, '\0',
+              sizeof (re_dfastate_t *) * (next_state_log_idx - top));
+      mctx->state_log_top = next_state_log_idx;
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+merge_state_array (const re_dfa_t *dfa, re_dfastate_t **dst,
+                   re_dfastate_t **src, int num)
+{
+  int st_idx;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  for (st_idx = 0; st_idx < num; ++st_idx)
+    {
+      if (dst[st_idx] == NULL)
+        dst[st_idx] = src[st_idx];
+      else if (src[st_idx] != NULL)
+        {
+          re_node_set merged_set;
+          err = re_node_set_init_union (&merged_set, &dst[st_idx]->nodes,
+                                        &src[st_idx]->nodes);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+          dst[st_idx] = re_acquire_state (&err, dfa, &merged_set);
+          re_node_set_free (&merged_set);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+        }
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+update_cur_sifted_state (const re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                         re_sift_context_t *sctx, int str_idx,
+                         re_node_set *dest_nodes)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
+  const re_node_set *candidates;
+  candidates = ((mctx->state_log[str_idx] == NULL) ? NULL
+                : &mctx->state_log[str_idx]->nodes);
+
+  if (dest_nodes->nelem == 0)
+    sctx->sifted_states[str_idx] = NULL;
+  else
+    {
+      if (candidates)
+        {
+          /* At first, add the nodes which can epsilon transit to a node in
+             DEST_NODE.  */
+          err = add_epsilon_src_nodes (dfa, dest_nodes, candidates);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+
+          /* Then, check the limitations in the current sift_context.  */
+          if (sctx->limits.nelem)
+            {
+              err = check_subexp_limits (dfa, dest_nodes, candidates, &sctx->limits,
+                                         mctx->bkref_ents, str_idx);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                return err;
+            }
+        }
+
+      sctx->sifted_states[str_idx] = re_acquire_state (&err, dfa, dest_nodes);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+    }
+
+  if (candidates && mctx->state_log[str_idx]->has_backref)
+    {
+      err = sift_states_bkref (mctx, sctx, str_idx, candidates);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+add_epsilon_src_nodes (const re_dfa_t *dfa, re_node_set *dest_nodes,
+                       const re_node_set *candidates)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
+  int i;
+
+  re_dfastate_t *state = re_acquire_state (&err, dfa, dest_nodes);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return err;
+
+  if (!state->inveclosure.alloc)
+    {
+      err = re_node_set_alloc (&state->inveclosure, dest_nodes->nelem);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      for (i = 0; i < dest_nodes->nelem; i++)
+        {
+          err = re_node_set_merge (&state->inveclosure,
+                                   dfa->inveclosures + dest_nodes->elems[i]);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+    }
+  return re_node_set_add_intersect (dest_nodes, candidates,
+                                    &state->inveclosure);
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+sub_epsilon_src_nodes (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int node, re_node_set *dest_nodes,
+                       const re_node_set *candidates)
+{
+    int ecl_idx;
+    reg_errcode_t err;
+    re_node_set *inv_eclosure = dfa->inveclosures + node;
+    re_node_set except_nodes;
+    re_node_set_init_empty (&except_nodes);
+    for (ecl_idx = 0; ecl_idx < inv_eclosure->nelem; ++ecl_idx)
+      {
+        int cur_node = inv_eclosure->elems[ecl_idx];
+        if (cur_node == node)
+          continue;
+        if (IS_EPSILON_NODE (dfa->nodes[cur_node].type))
+          {
+            int edst1 = dfa->edests[cur_node].elems[0];
+            int edst2 = ((dfa->edests[cur_node].nelem > 1)
+                         ? dfa->edests[cur_node].elems[1] : -1);
+            if ((!re_node_set_contains (inv_eclosure, edst1)
+                 && re_node_set_contains (dest_nodes, edst1))
+                || (edst2 > 0
+                    && !re_node_set_contains (inv_eclosure, edst2)
+                    && re_node_set_contains (dest_nodes, edst2)))
+              {
+                err = re_node_set_add_intersect (&except_nodes, candidates,
+                                                 dfa->inveclosures + cur_node);
+                if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                  {
+                    re_node_set_free (&except_nodes);
+                    return err;
+                  }
+              }
+          }
+      }
+    for (ecl_idx = 0; ecl_idx < inv_eclosure->nelem; ++ecl_idx)
+      {
+        int cur_node = inv_eclosure->elems[ecl_idx];
+        if (!re_node_set_contains (&except_nodes, cur_node))
+          {
+            int idx = re_node_set_contains (dest_nodes, cur_node) - 1;
+            re_node_set_remove_at (dest_nodes, idx);
+          }
+      }
+    re_node_set_free (&except_nodes);
+    return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_dst_limits (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_node_set *limits,
+                  int dst_node, int dst_idx, int src_node, int src_idx)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int lim_idx, src_pos, dst_pos;
+
+  int dst_bkref_idx = search_cur_bkref_entry (mctx, dst_idx);
+  int src_bkref_idx = search_cur_bkref_entry (mctx, src_idx);
+  for (lim_idx = 0; lim_idx < limits->nelem; ++lim_idx)
+    {
+      int subexp_idx;
+      struct re_backref_cache_entry *ent;
+      ent = mctx->bkref_ents + limits->elems[lim_idx];
+      subexp_idx = dfa->nodes[ent->node].opr.idx;
+
+      dst_pos = check_dst_limits_calc_pos (mctx, limits->elems[lim_idx],
+                                           subexp_idx, dst_node, dst_idx,
+                                           dst_bkref_idx);
+      src_pos = check_dst_limits_calc_pos (mctx, limits->elems[lim_idx],
+                                           subexp_idx, src_node, src_idx,
+                                           src_bkref_idx);
+
+      /* In case of:
+         <src> <dst> ( <subexp> )
+         ( <subexp> ) <src> <dst>
+         ( <subexp1> <src> <subexp2> <dst> <subexp3> )  */
+      if (src_pos == dst_pos)
+        continue; /* This is unrelated limitation.  */
+      else
+        return 1;
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_dst_limits_calc_pos_1 (const re_match_context_t *mctx, int boundaries,
+                             int subexp_idx, int from_node, int bkref_idx)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  const re_node_set *eclosures = dfa->eclosures + from_node;
+  int node_idx;
+
+  /* Else, we are on the boundary: examine the nodes on the epsilon
+     closure.  */
+  for (node_idx = 0; node_idx < eclosures->nelem; ++node_idx)
+    {
+      int node = eclosures->elems[node_idx];
+      switch (dfa->nodes[node].type)
+        {
+        case OP_BACK_REF:
+          if (bkref_idx != -1)
+            {
+              struct re_backref_cache_entry *ent = mctx->bkref_ents + bkref_idx;
+              do
+                {
+                  int dst, cpos;
+
+                  if (ent->node != node)
+                    continue;
+
+                  if (subexp_idx < BITSET_WORD_BITS
+                      && !(ent->eps_reachable_subexps_map
+                           & ((bitset_word_t) 1 << subexp_idx)))
+                    continue;
+
+                  /* Recurse trying to reach the OP_OPEN_SUBEXP and
+                     OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP cases below.  But, if the
+                     destination node is the same node as the source
+                     node, don't recurse because it would cause an
+                     infinite loop: a regex that exhibits this behavior
+                     is ()\1*\1*  */
+                  dst = dfa->edests[node].elems[0];
+                  if (dst == from_node)
+                    {
+                      if (boundaries & 1)
+                        return -1;
+                      else /* if (boundaries & 2) */
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+
+                  cpos =
+                    check_dst_limits_calc_pos_1 (mctx, boundaries, subexp_idx,
+                                                 dst, bkref_idx);
+                  if (cpos == -1 /* && (boundaries & 1) */)
+                    return -1;
+                  if (cpos == 0 && (boundaries & 2))
+                    return 0;
+
+                  if (subexp_idx < BITSET_WORD_BITS)
+                    ent->eps_reachable_subexps_map
+                      &= ~((bitset_word_t) 1 << subexp_idx);
+                }
+              while (ent++->more);
+            }
+          break;
+
+        case OP_OPEN_SUBEXP:
+          if ((boundaries & 1) && subexp_idx == dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx)
+            return -1;
+          break;
+
+        case OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP:
+          if ((boundaries & 2) && subexp_idx == dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx)
+            return 0;
+          break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+  return (boundaries & 2) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_dst_limits_calc_pos (const re_match_context_t *mctx, int limit,
+                           int subexp_idx, int from_node, int str_idx,
+                           int bkref_idx)
+{
+  struct re_backref_cache_entry *lim = mctx->bkref_ents + limit;
+  int boundaries;
+
+  /* If we are outside the range of the subexpression, return -1 or 1.  */
+  if (str_idx < lim->subexp_from)
+    return -1;
+
+  if (lim->subexp_to < str_idx)
+    return 1;
+
+  /* If we are within the subexpression, return 0.  */
+  boundaries = (str_idx == lim->subexp_from);
+  boundaries |= (str_idx == lim->subexp_to) << 1;
+  if (boundaries == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* Else, examine epsilon closure.  */
+  return check_dst_limits_calc_pos_1 (mctx, boundaries, subexp_idx,
+                                      from_node, bkref_idx);
+}
+
+/* Check the limitations of sub expressions LIMITS, and remove the nodes
+   which are against limitations from DEST_NODES. */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+check_subexp_limits (const re_dfa_t *dfa, re_node_set *dest_nodes,
+                     const re_node_set *candidates, re_node_set *limits,
+                     struct re_backref_cache_entry *bkref_ents, int str_idx)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int node_idx, lim_idx;
+
+  for (lim_idx = 0; lim_idx < limits->nelem; ++lim_idx)
+    {
+      int subexp_idx;
+      struct re_backref_cache_entry *ent;
+      ent = bkref_ents + limits->elems[lim_idx];
+
+      if (str_idx <= ent->subexp_from || ent->str_idx < str_idx)
+        continue; /* This is unrelated limitation.  */
+
+      subexp_idx = dfa->nodes[ent->node].opr.idx;
+      if (ent->subexp_to == str_idx)
+        {
+          int ops_node = -1;
+          int cls_node = -1;
+          for (node_idx = 0; node_idx < dest_nodes->nelem; ++node_idx)
+            {
+              int node = dest_nodes->elems[node_idx];
+              re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node].type;
+              if (type == OP_OPEN_SUBEXP
+                  && subexp_idx == dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx)
+                ops_node = node;
+              else if (type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP
+                       && subexp_idx == dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx)
+                cls_node = node;
+            }
+
+          /* Check the limitation of the open subexpression.  */
+          /* Note that (ent->subexp_to = str_idx != ent->subexp_from).  */
+          if (ops_node >= 0)
+            {
+              err = sub_epsilon_src_nodes (dfa, ops_node, dest_nodes,
+                                           candidates);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                return err;
+            }
+
+          /* Check the limitation of the close subexpression.  */
+          if (cls_node >= 0)
+            for (node_idx = 0; node_idx < dest_nodes->nelem; ++node_idx)
+              {
+                int node = dest_nodes->elems[node_idx];
+                if (!re_node_set_contains (dfa->inveclosures + node,
+                                           cls_node)
+                    && !re_node_set_contains (dfa->eclosures + node,
+                                              cls_node))
+                  {
+                    /* It is against this limitation.
+                       Remove it form the current sifted state.  */
+                    err = sub_epsilon_src_nodes (dfa, node, dest_nodes,
+                                                 candidates);
+                    if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                      return err;
+                    --node_idx;
+                  }
+              }
+        }
+      else /* (ent->subexp_to != str_idx)  */
+        {
+          for (node_idx = 0; node_idx < dest_nodes->nelem; ++node_idx)
+            {
+              int node = dest_nodes->elems[node_idx];
+              re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[node].type;
+              if (type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP || type == OP_OPEN_SUBEXP)
+                {
+                  if (subexp_idx != dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx)
+                    continue;
+                  /* It is against this limitation.
+                     Remove it form the current sifted state.  */
+                  err = sub_epsilon_src_nodes (dfa, node, dest_nodes,
+                                               candidates);
+                  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                    return err;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+sift_states_bkref (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_sift_context_t *sctx,
+                   int str_idx, const re_node_set *candidates)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int node_idx, node;
+  re_sift_context_t local_sctx;
+  int first_idx = search_cur_bkref_entry (mctx, str_idx);
+
+  if (first_idx == -1)
+    return REG_NOERROR;
+
+  local_sctx.sifted_states = NULL; /* Mark that it hasn't been initialized.  */
+
+  for (node_idx = 0; node_idx < candidates->nelem; ++node_idx)
+    {
+      int enabled_idx;
+      re_token_type_t type;
+      struct re_backref_cache_entry *entry;
+      node = candidates->elems[node_idx];
+      type = dfa->nodes[node].type;
+      /* Avoid infinite loop for the REs like "()\1+".  */
+      if (node == sctx->last_node && str_idx == sctx->last_str_idx)
+        continue;
+      if (type != OP_BACK_REF)
+        continue;
+
+      entry = mctx->bkref_ents + first_idx;
+      enabled_idx = first_idx;
+      do
+        {
+          int subexp_len;
+          int to_idx;
+          int dst_node;
+          int ret;
+          re_dfastate_t *cur_state;
+
+          if (entry->node != node)
+            continue;
+          subexp_len = entry->subexp_to - entry->subexp_from;
+          to_idx = str_idx + subexp_len;
+          dst_node = (subexp_len ? dfa->nexts[node]
+                      : dfa->edests[node].elems[0]);
+
+          if (to_idx > sctx->last_str_idx
+              || sctx->sifted_states[to_idx] == NULL
+              || !STATE_NODE_CONTAINS (sctx->sifted_states[to_idx], dst_node)
+              || check_dst_limits (mctx, &sctx->limits, node,
+                                   str_idx, dst_node, to_idx))
+            continue;
+
+          if (local_sctx.sifted_states == NULL)
+            {
+              local_sctx = *sctx;
+              err = re_node_set_init_copy (&local_sctx.limits, &sctx->limits);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto free_return;
+            }
+          local_sctx.last_node = node;
+          local_sctx.last_str_idx = str_idx;
+          ret = re_node_set_insert (&local_sctx.limits, enabled_idx);
+          if (BE (ret < 0, 0))
+            {
+              err = REG_ESPACE;
+              goto free_return;
+            }
+          cur_state = local_sctx.sifted_states[str_idx];
+          err = sift_states_backward (mctx, &local_sctx);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            goto free_return;
+          if (sctx->limited_states != NULL)
+            {
+              err = merge_state_array (dfa, sctx->limited_states,
+                                       local_sctx.sifted_states,
+                                       str_idx + 1);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto free_return;
+            }
+          local_sctx.sifted_states[str_idx] = cur_state;
+          re_node_set_remove (&local_sctx.limits, enabled_idx);
+
+          /* mctx->bkref_ents may have changed, reload the pointer.  */
+          entry = mctx->bkref_ents + enabled_idx;
+        }
+      while (enabled_idx++, entry++->more);
+    }
+  err = REG_NOERROR;
+ free_return:
+  if (local_sctx.sifted_states != NULL)
+    {
+      re_node_set_free (&local_sctx.limits);
+    }
+
+  return err;
+}
+
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static int
+internal_function
+sift_states_iter_mb (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_sift_context_t *sctx,
+                     int node_idx, int str_idx, int max_str_idx)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int naccepted;
+  /* Check the node can accept `multi byte'.  */
+  naccepted = check_node_accept_bytes (dfa, node_idx, &mctx->input, str_idx);
+  if (naccepted > 0 && str_idx + naccepted <= max_str_idx &&
+      !STATE_NODE_CONTAINS (sctx->sifted_states[str_idx + naccepted],
+                            dfa->nexts[node_idx]))
+    /* The node can't accept the `multi byte', or the
+       destination was already thrown away, then the node
+       couldn't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
+    naccepted = 0;
+  /* Otherwise, it is sure that the node could accept
+     `naccepted' bytes input.  */
+  return naccepted;
+}
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+
+/* Functions for state transition.  */
+
+/* Return the next state to which the current state STATE will transit by
+   accepting the current input byte, and update STATE_LOG if necessary.
+   If STATE can accept a multibyte char/collating element/back reference
+   update the destination of STATE_LOG.  */
+
+static re_dfastate_t *
+internal_function
+transit_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
+               re_dfastate_t *state)
+{
+  re_dfastate_t **trtable;
+  unsigned char ch;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  /* If the current state can accept multibyte.  */
+  if (BE (state->accept_mb, 0))
+    {
+      *err = transit_state_mb (mctx, state);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+  /* Then decide the next state with the single byte.  */
+#if 0
+  if (0)
+    /* don't use transition table  */
+    return transit_state_sb (err, mctx, state);
+#endif
+
+  /* Use transition table  */
+  ch = re_string_fetch_byte (&mctx->input);
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      trtable = state->trtable;
+      if (BE (trtable != NULL, 1))
+        return trtable[ch];
+
+      trtable = state->word_trtable;
+      if (BE (trtable != NULL, 1))
+        {
+          unsigned int context;
+          context
+            = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input,
+                                    re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input) - 1,
+                                    mctx->eflags);
+          if (IS_WORD_CONTEXT (context))
+            return trtable[ch + SBC_MAX];
+          else
+            return trtable[ch];
+        }
+
+      if (!build_trtable (mctx->dfa, state))
+        {
+          *err = REG_ESPACE;
+          return NULL;
+        }
+
+      /* Retry, we now have a transition table.  */
+    }
+}
+
+/* Update the state_log if we need */
+static re_dfastate_t *
+internal_function
+merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                      re_dfastate_t *next_state)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int cur_idx = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input);
+
+  if (cur_idx > mctx->state_log_top)
+    {
+      mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
+      mctx->state_log_top = cur_idx;
+    }
+  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == NULL)
+    {
+      mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      re_dfastate_t *pstate;
+      unsigned int context;
+      re_node_set next_nodes, *log_nodes, *table_nodes = NULL;
+      /* If (state_log[cur_idx] != 0), it implies that cur_idx is
+         the destination of a multibyte char/collating element/
+         back reference.  Then the next state is the union set of
+         these destinations and the results of the transition table.  */
+      pstate = mctx->state_log[cur_idx];
+      log_nodes = pstate->entrance_nodes;
+      if (next_state != NULL)
+        {
+          table_nodes = next_state->entrance_nodes;
+          *err = re_node_set_init_union (&next_nodes, table_nodes,
+                                             log_nodes);
+          if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return NULL;
+        }
+      else
+        next_nodes = *log_nodes;
+      /* Note: We already add the nodes of the initial state,
+         then we don't need to add them here.  */
+
+      context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input,
+                                      re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input) - 1,
+                                      mctx->eflags);
+      next_state = mctx->state_log[cur_idx]
+        = re_acquire_state_context (err, dfa, &next_nodes, context);
+      /* We don't need to check errors here, since the return value of
+         this function is next_state and ERR is already set.  */
+
+      if (table_nodes != NULL)
+        re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+    }
+
+  if (BE (dfa->nbackref, 0) && next_state != NULL)
+    {
+      /* Check OP_OPEN_SUBEXP in the current state in case that we use them
+         later.  We must check them here, since the back references in the
+         next state might use them.  */
+      *err = check_subexp_matching_top (mctx, &next_state->nodes,
+                                        cur_idx);
+      if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return NULL;
+
+      /* If the next state has back references.  */
+      if (next_state->has_backref)
+        {
+          *err = transit_state_bkref (mctx, &next_state->nodes);
+          if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return NULL;
+          next_state = mctx->state_log[cur_idx];
+        }
+    }
+
+  return next_state;
+}
+
+/* Skip bytes in the input that correspond to part of a
+   multi-byte match, then look in the log for a state
+   from which to restart matching.  */
+static re_dfastate_t *
+internal_function
+find_recover_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx)
+{
+  re_dfastate_t *cur_state;
+  do
+    {
+      int max = mctx->state_log_top;
+      int cur_str_idx = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input);
+
+      do
+        {
+          if (++cur_str_idx > max)
+            return NULL;
+          re_string_skip_bytes (&mctx->input, 1);
+        }
+      while (mctx->state_log[cur_str_idx] == NULL);
+
+      cur_state = merge_state_with_log (err, mctx, NULL);
+    }
+  while (*err == REG_NOERROR && cur_state == NULL);
+  return cur_state;
+}
+
+/* Helper functions for transit_state.  */
+
+/* From the node set CUR_NODES, pick up the nodes whose types are
+   OP_OPEN_SUBEXP and which have corresponding back references in the regular
+   expression. And register them to use them later for evaluating the
+   correspoding back references.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+check_subexp_matching_top (re_match_context_t *mctx, re_node_set *cur_nodes,
+                           int str_idx)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int node_idx;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+
+  /* TODO: This isn't efficient.
+           Because there might be more than one nodes whose types are
+           OP_OPEN_SUBEXP and whose index is SUBEXP_IDX, we must check all
+           nodes.
+           E.g. RE: (a){2}  */
+  for (node_idx = 0; node_idx < cur_nodes->nelem; ++node_idx)
+    {
+      int node = cur_nodes->elems[node_idx];
+      if (dfa->nodes[node].type == OP_OPEN_SUBEXP
+          && dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx < BITSET_WORD_BITS
+          && (dfa->used_bkref_map
+              & ((bitset_word_t) 1 << dfa->nodes[node].opr.idx)))
+        {
+          err = match_ctx_add_subtop (mctx, node, str_idx);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+        }
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* Return the next state to which the current state STATE will transit by
+   accepting the current input byte.  */
+
+static re_dfastate_t *
+transit_state_sb (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
+                  re_dfastate_t *state)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  re_node_set next_nodes;
+  re_dfastate_t *next_state;
+  int node_cnt, cur_str_idx = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input);
+  unsigned int context;
+
+  *err = re_node_set_alloc (&next_nodes, state->nodes.nelem + 1);
+  if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return NULL;
+  for (node_cnt = 0; node_cnt < state->nodes.nelem; ++node_cnt)
+    {
+      int cur_node = state->nodes.elems[node_cnt];
+      if (check_node_accept (mctx, dfa->nodes + cur_node, cur_str_idx))
+        {
+          *err = re_node_set_merge (&next_nodes,
+                                    dfa->eclosures + dfa->nexts[cur_node]);
+          if (BE (*err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+              return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, cur_str_idx, mctx->eflags);
+  next_state = re_acquire_state_context (err, dfa, &next_nodes, context);
+  /* We don't need to check errors here, since the return value of
+     this function is next_state and ERR is already set.  */
+
+  re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+  re_string_skip_bytes (&mctx->input, 1);
+  return next_state;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+transit_state_mb (re_match_context_t *mctx, re_dfastate_t *pstate)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < pstate->nodes.nelem; ++i)
+    {
+      re_node_set dest_nodes, *new_nodes;
+      int cur_node_idx = pstate->nodes.elems[i];
+      int naccepted, dest_idx;
+      unsigned int context;
+      re_dfastate_t *dest_state;
+
+      if (!dfa->nodes[cur_node_idx].accept_mb)
+        continue;
+
+      if (dfa->nodes[cur_node_idx].constraint)
+        {
+          context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input,
+                                          re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input),
+                                          mctx->eflags);
+          if (NOT_SATISFY_NEXT_CONSTRAINT (dfa->nodes[cur_node_idx].constraint,
+                                           context))
+            continue;
+        }
+
+      /* How many bytes the node can accept?  */
+      naccepted = check_node_accept_bytes (dfa, cur_node_idx, &mctx->input,
+                                           re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input));
+      if (naccepted == 0)
+        continue;
+
+      /* The node can accepts `naccepted' bytes.  */
+      dest_idx = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input) + naccepted;
+      mctx->max_mb_elem_len = ((mctx->max_mb_elem_len < naccepted) ? naccepted
+                               : mctx->max_mb_elem_len);
+      err = clean_state_log_if_needed (mctx, dest_idx);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      assert (dfa->nexts[cur_node_idx] != -1);
+#endif
+      new_nodes = dfa->eclosures + dfa->nexts[cur_node_idx];
+
+      dest_state = mctx->state_log[dest_idx];
+      if (dest_state == NULL)
+        dest_nodes = *new_nodes;
+      else
+        {
+          err = re_node_set_init_union (&dest_nodes,
+                                        dest_state->entrance_nodes, new_nodes);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+        }
+      context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, dest_idx - 1,
+                                      mctx->eflags);
+      mctx->state_log[dest_idx]
+        = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &dest_nodes, context);
+      if (dest_state != NULL)
+        re_node_set_free (&dest_nodes);
+      if (BE (mctx->state_log[dest_idx] == NULL && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+transit_state_bkref (re_match_context_t *mctx, const re_node_set *nodes)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int i;
+  int cur_str_idx = re_string_cur_idx (&mctx->input);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nodes->nelem; ++i)
+    {
+      int dest_str_idx, prev_nelem, bkc_idx;
+      int node_idx = nodes->elems[i];
+      unsigned int context;
+      const re_token_t *node = dfa->nodes + node_idx;
+      re_node_set *new_dest_nodes;
+
+      /* Check whether `node' is a backreference or not.  */
+      if (node->type != OP_BACK_REF)
+        continue;
+
+      if (node->constraint)
+        {
+          context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, cur_str_idx,
+                                          mctx->eflags);
+          if (NOT_SATISFY_NEXT_CONSTRAINT (node->constraint, context))
+            continue;
+        }
+
+      /* `node' is a backreference.
+         Check the substring which the substring matched.  */
+      bkc_idx = mctx->nbkref_ents;
+      err = get_subexp (mctx, node_idx, cur_str_idx);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        goto free_return;
+
+      /* And add the epsilon closures (which is `new_dest_nodes') of
+         the backreference to appropriate state_log.  */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      assert (dfa->nexts[node_idx] != -1);
+#endif
+      for (; bkc_idx < mctx->nbkref_ents; ++bkc_idx)
+        {
+          int subexp_len;
+          re_dfastate_t *dest_state;
+          struct re_backref_cache_entry *bkref_ent;
+          bkref_ent = mctx->bkref_ents + bkc_idx;
+          if (bkref_ent->node != node_idx || bkref_ent->str_idx != cur_str_idx)
+            continue;
+          subexp_len = bkref_ent->subexp_to - bkref_ent->subexp_from;
+          new_dest_nodes = (subexp_len == 0
+                            ? dfa->eclosures + dfa->edests[node_idx].elems[0]
+                            : dfa->eclosures + dfa->nexts[node_idx]);
+          dest_str_idx = (cur_str_idx + bkref_ent->subexp_to
+                          - bkref_ent->subexp_from);
+          context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, dest_str_idx - 1,
+                                          mctx->eflags);
+          dest_state = mctx->state_log[dest_str_idx];
+          prev_nelem = ((mctx->state_log[cur_str_idx] == NULL) ? 0
+                        : mctx->state_log[cur_str_idx]->nodes.nelem);
+          /* Add `new_dest_node' to state_log.  */
+          if (dest_state == NULL)
+            {
+              mctx->state_log[dest_str_idx]
+                = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, new_dest_nodes,
+                                            context);
+              if (BE (mctx->state_log[dest_str_idx] == NULL
+                      && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto free_return;
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              re_node_set dest_nodes;
+              err = re_node_set_init_union (&dest_nodes,
+                                            dest_state->entrance_nodes,
+                                            new_dest_nodes);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                {
+                  re_node_set_free (&dest_nodes);
+                  goto free_return;
+                }
+              mctx->state_log[dest_str_idx]
+                = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &dest_nodes, context);
+              re_node_set_free (&dest_nodes);
+              if (BE (mctx->state_log[dest_str_idx] == NULL
+                      && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto free_return;
+            }
+          /* We need to check recursively if the backreference can epsilon
+             transit.  */
+          if (subexp_len == 0
+              && mctx->state_log[cur_str_idx]->nodes.nelem > prev_nelem)
+            {
+              err = check_subexp_matching_top (mctx, new_dest_nodes,
+                                               cur_str_idx);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto free_return;
+              err = transit_state_bkref (mctx, new_dest_nodes);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto free_return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  err = REG_NOERROR;
+ free_return:
+  return err;
+}
+
+/* Enumerate all the candidates which the backreference BKREF_NODE can match
+   at BKREF_STR_IDX, and register them by match_ctx_add_entry().
+   Note that we might collect inappropriate candidates here.
+   However, the cost of checking them strictly here is too high, then we
+   delay these checking for prune_impossible_nodes().  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+get_subexp (re_match_context_t *mctx, int bkref_node, int bkref_str_idx)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int subexp_num, sub_top_idx;
+  const char *buf = (const char *) re_string_get_buffer (&mctx->input);
+  /* Return if we have already checked BKREF_NODE at BKREF_STR_IDX.  */
+  int cache_idx = search_cur_bkref_entry (mctx, bkref_str_idx);
+  if (cache_idx != -1)
+    {
+      const struct re_backref_cache_entry *entry
+        = mctx->bkref_ents + cache_idx;
+      do
+        if (entry->node == bkref_node)
+          return REG_NOERROR; /* We already checked it.  */
+      while (entry++->more);
+    }
+
+  subexp_num = dfa->nodes[bkref_node].opr.idx;
+
+  /* For each sub expression  */
+  for (sub_top_idx = 0; sub_top_idx < mctx->nsub_tops; ++sub_top_idx)
+    {
+      reg_errcode_t err;
+      re_sub_match_top_t *sub_top = mctx->sub_tops[sub_top_idx];
+      re_sub_match_last_t *sub_last;
+      int sub_last_idx, sl_str, bkref_str_off;
+
+      if (dfa->nodes[sub_top->node].opr.idx != subexp_num)
+        continue; /* It isn't related.  */
+
+      sl_str = sub_top->str_idx;
+      bkref_str_off = bkref_str_idx;
+      /* At first, check the last node of sub expressions we already
+         evaluated.  */
+      for (sub_last_idx = 0; sub_last_idx < sub_top->nlasts; ++sub_last_idx)
+        {
+          int sl_str_diff;
+          sub_last = sub_top->lasts[sub_last_idx];
+          sl_str_diff = sub_last->str_idx - sl_str;
+          /* The matched string by the sub expression match with the substring
+             at the back reference?  */
+          if (sl_str_diff > 0)
+            {
+              if (BE (bkref_str_off + sl_str_diff > mctx->input.valid_len, 0))
+                {
+                  /* Not enough chars for a successful match.  */
+                  if (bkref_str_off + sl_str_diff > mctx->input.len)
+                    break;
+
+                  err = clean_state_log_if_needed (mctx,
+                                                   bkref_str_off
+                                                   + sl_str_diff);
+                  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                    return err;
+                  buf = (const char *) re_string_get_buffer (&mctx->input);
+                }
+              if (memcmp (buf + bkref_str_off, buf + sl_str, sl_str_diff) != 0)
+                /* We don't need to search this sub expression any more.  */
+                break;
+            }
+          bkref_str_off += sl_str_diff;
+          sl_str += sl_str_diff;
+          err = get_subexp_sub (mctx, sub_top, sub_last, bkref_node,
+                                bkref_str_idx);
+
+          /* Reload buf, since the preceding call might have reallocated
+             the buffer.  */
+          buf = (const char *) re_string_get_buffer (&mctx->input);
+
+          if (err == REG_NOMATCH)
+            continue;
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+        }
+
+      if (sub_last_idx < sub_top->nlasts)
+        continue;
+      if (sub_last_idx > 0)
+        ++sl_str;
+      /* Then, search for the other last nodes of the sub expression.  */
+      for (; sl_str <= bkref_str_idx; ++sl_str)
+        {
+          int cls_node, sl_str_off;
+          const re_node_set *nodes;
+          sl_str_off = sl_str - sub_top->str_idx;
+          /* The matched string by the sub expression match with the substring
+             at the back reference?  */
+          if (sl_str_off > 0)
+            {
+              if (BE (bkref_str_off >= mctx->input.valid_len, 0))
+                {
+                  /* If we are at the end of the input, we cannot match.  */
+                  if (bkref_str_off >= mctx->input.len)
+                    break;
+
+                  err = extend_buffers (mctx);
+                  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                    return err;
+
+                  buf = (const char *) re_string_get_buffer (&mctx->input);
+                }
+              if (buf [bkref_str_off++] != buf[sl_str - 1])
+                break; /* We don't need to search this sub expression
+                          any more.  */
+            }
+          if (mctx->state_log[sl_str] == NULL)
+            continue;
+          /* Does this state have a ')' of the sub expression?  */
+          nodes = &mctx->state_log[sl_str]->nodes;
+          cls_node = find_subexp_node (dfa, nodes, subexp_num,
+                                       OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP);
+          if (cls_node == -1)
+            continue; /* No.  */
+          if (sub_top->path == NULL)
+            {
+              sub_top->path = calloc (sizeof (state_array_t),
+                                      sl_str - sub_top->str_idx + 1);
+              if (sub_top->path == NULL)
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+            }
+          /* Can the OP_OPEN_SUBEXP node arrive the OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP node
+             in the current context?  */
+          err = check_arrival (mctx, sub_top->path, sub_top->node,
+                               sub_top->str_idx, cls_node, sl_str,
+                               OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP);
+          if (err == REG_NOMATCH)
+              continue;
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+              return err;
+          sub_last = match_ctx_add_sublast (sub_top, cls_node, sl_str);
+          if (BE (sub_last == NULL, 0))
+            return REG_ESPACE;
+          err = get_subexp_sub (mctx, sub_top, sub_last, bkref_node,
+                                bkref_str_idx);
+          if (err == REG_NOMATCH)
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Helper functions for get_subexp().  */
+
+/* Check SUB_LAST can arrive to the back reference BKREF_NODE at BKREF_STR.
+   If it can arrive, register the sub expression expressed with SUB_TOP
+   and SUB_LAST.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+get_subexp_sub (re_match_context_t *mctx, const re_sub_match_top_t *sub_top,
+                re_sub_match_last_t *sub_last, int bkref_node, int bkref_str)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int to_idx;
+  /* Can the subexpression arrive the back reference?  */
+  err = check_arrival (mctx, &sub_last->path, sub_last->node,
+                       sub_last->str_idx, bkref_node, bkref_str,
+                       OP_OPEN_SUBEXP);
+  if (err != REG_NOERROR)
+    return err;
+  err = match_ctx_add_entry (mctx, bkref_node, bkref_str, sub_top->str_idx,
+                             sub_last->str_idx);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return err;
+  to_idx = bkref_str + sub_last->str_idx - sub_top->str_idx;
+  return clean_state_log_if_needed (mctx, to_idx);
+}
+
+/* Find the first node which is '(' or ')' and whose index is SUBEXP_IDX.
+   Search '(' if FL_OPEN, or search ')' otherwise.
+   TODO: This function isn't efficient...
+         Because there might be more than one nodes whose types are
+         OP_OPEN_SUBEXP and whose index is SUBEXP_IDX, we must check all
+         nodes.
+         E.g. RE: (a){2}  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+find_subexp_node (const re_dfa_t *dfa, const re_node_set *nodes,
+                  int subexp_idx, int type)
+{
+  int cls_idx;
+  for (cls_idx = 0; cls_idx < nodes->nelem; ++cls_idx)
+    {
+      int cls_node = nodes->elems[cls_idx];
+      const re_token_t *node = dfa->nodes + cls_node;
+      if (node->type == type
+          && node->opr.idx == subexp_idx)
+        return cls_node;
+    }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/* Check whether the node TOP_NODE at TOP_STR can arrive to the node
+   LAST_NODE at LAST_STR.  We record the path onto PATH since it will be
+   heavily reused.
+   Return REG_NOERROR if it can arrive, or REG_NOMATCH otherwise.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+check_arrival (re_match_context_t *mctx, state_array_t *path, int top_node,
+               int top_str, int last_node, int last_str, int type)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
+  int subexp_num, backup_cur_idx, str_idx, null_cnt;
+  re_dfastate_t *cur_state = NULL;
+  re_node_set *cur_nodes, next_nodes;
+  re_dfastate_t **backup_state_log;
+  unsigned int context;
+
+  subexp_num = dfa->nodes[top_node].opr.idx;
+  /* Extend the buffer if we need.  */
+  if (BE (path->alloc < last_str + mctx->max_mb_elem_len + 1, 0))
+    {
+      re_dfastate_t **new_array;
+      int old_alloc = path->alloc;
+      path->alloc += last_str + mctx->max_mb_elem_len + 1;
+      new_array = re_realloc (path->array, re_dfastate_t *, path->alloc);
+      if (BE (new_array == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          path->alloc = old_alloc;
+          return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+      path->array = new_array;
+      memset (new_array + old_alloc, '\0',
+              sizeof (re_dfastate_t *) * (path->alloc - old_alloc));
+    }
+
+  str_idx = path->next_idx ? path->next_idx : top_str;
+
+  /* Temporary modify MCTX.  */
+  backup_state_log = mctx->state_log;
+  backup_cur_idx = mctx->input.cur_idx;
+  mctx->state_log = path->array;
+  mctx->input.cur_idx = str_idx;
+
+  /* Setup initial node set.  */
+  context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, str_idx - 1, mctx->eflags);
+  if (str_idx == top_str)
+    {
+      err = re_node_set_init_1 (&next_nodes, top_node);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        return err;
+      err = check_arrival_expand_ecl (dfa, &next_nodes, subexp_num, type);
+      if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        {
+          re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+          return err;
+        }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      cur_state = mctx->state_log[str_idx];
+      if (cur_state && cur_state->has_backref)
+        {
+          err = re_node_set_init_copy (&next_nodes, &cur_state->nodes);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+        }
+      else
+        re_node_set_init_empty (&next_nodes);
+    }
+  if (str_idx == top_str || (cur_state && cur_state->has_backref))
+    {
+      if (next_nodes.nelem)
+        {
+          err = expand_bkref_cache (mctx, &next_nodes, str_idx,
+                                    subexp_num, type);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+              return err;
+            }
+        }
+      cur_state = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &next_nodes, context);
+      if (BE (cur_state == NULL && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        {
+          re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+          return err;
+        }
+      mctx->state_log[str_idx] = cur_state;
+    }
+
+  for (null_cnt = 0; str_idx < last_str && null_cnt <= mctx->max_mb_elem_len;)
+    {
+      re_node_set_empty (&next_nodes);
+      if (mctx->state_log[str_idx + 1])
+        {
+          err = re_node_set_merge (&next_nodes,
+                                   &mctx->state_log[str_idx + 1]->nodes);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+              return err;
+            }
+        }
+      if (cur_state)
+        {
+          err = check_arrival_add_next_nodes (mctx, str_idx,
+                                              &cur_state->non_eps_nodes,
+                                              &next_nodes);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+              return err;
+            }
+        }
+      ++str_idx;
+      if (next_nodes.nelem)
+        {
+          err = check_arrival_expand_ecl (dfa, &next_nodes, subexp_num, type);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+              return err;
+            }
+          err = expand_bkref_cache (mctx, &next_nodes, str_idx,
+                                    subexp_num, type);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+              return err;
+            }
+        }
+      context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, str_idx - 1, mctx->eflags);
+      cur_state = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &next_nodes, context);
+      if (BE (cur_state == NULL && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        {
+          re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+          return err;
+        }
+      mctx->state_log[str_idx] = cur_state;
+      null_cnt = cur_state == NULL ? null_cnt + 1 : 0;
+    }
+  re_node_set_free (&next_nodes);
+  cur_nodes = (mctx->state_log[last_str] == NULL ? NULL
+               : &mctx->state_log[last_str]->nodes);
+  path->next_idx = str_idx;
+
+  /* Fix MCTX.  */
+  mctx->state_log = backup_state_log;
+  mctx->input.cur_idx = backup_cur_idx;
+
+  /* Then check the current node set has the node LAST_NODE.  */
+  if (cur_nodes != NULL && re_node_set_contains (cur_nodes, last_node))
+    return REG_NOERROR;
+
+  return REG_NOMATCH;
+}
+
+/* Helper functions for check_arrival.  */
+
+/* Calculate the destination nodes of CUR_NODES at STR_IDX, and append them
+   to NEXT_NODES.
+   TODO: This function is similar to the functions transit_state*(),
+         however this function has many additional works.
+         Can't we unify them?  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+check_arrival_add_next_nodes (re_match_context_t *mctx, int str_idx,
+                              re_node_set *cur_nodes, re_node_set *next_nodes)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  int result;
+  int cur_idx;
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+  reg_errcode_t err = REG_NOERROR;
+#endif
+  re_node_set union_set;
+  re_node_set_init_empty (&union_set);
+  for (cur_idx = 0; cur_idx < cur_nodes->nelem; ++cur_idx)
+    {
+      int naccepted = 0;
+      int cur_node = cur_nodes->elems[cur_idx];
+#ifdef DEBUG
+      re_token_type_t type = dfa->nodes[cur_node].type;
+      assert (!IS_EPSILON_NODE (type));
+#endif
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      /* If the node may accept `multi byte'.  */
+      if (dfa->nodes[cur_node].accept_mb)
+        {
+          naccepted = check_node_accept_bytes (dfa, cur_node, &mctx->input,
+                                               str_idx);
+          if (naccepted > 1)
+            {
+              re_dfastate_t *dest_state;
+              int next_node = dfa->nexts[cur_node];
+              int next_idx = str_idx + naccepted;
+              dest_state = mctx->state_log[next_idx];
+              re_node_set_empty (&union_set);
+              if (dest_state)
+                {
+                  err = re_node_set_merge (&union_set, &dest_state->nodes);
+                  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                    {
+                      re_node_set_free (&union_set);
+                      return err;
+                    }
+                }
+              result = re_node_set_insert (&union_set, next_node);
+              if (BE (result < 0, 0))
+                {
+                  re_node_set_free (&union_set);
+                  return REG_ESPACE;
+                }
+              mctx->state_log[next_idx] = re_acquire_state (&err, dfa,
+                                                            &union_set);
+              if (BE (mctx->state_log[next_idx] == NULL
+                      && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                {
+                  re_node_set_free (&union_set);
+                  return err;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+      if (naccepted
+          || check_node_accept (mctx, dfa->nodes + cur_node, str_idx))
+        {
+          result = re_node_set_insert (next_nodes, dfa->nexts[cur_node]);
+          if (BE (result < 0, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&union_set);
+              return REG_ESPACE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  re_node_set_free (&union_set);
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* For all the nodes in CUR_NODES, add the epsilon closures of them to
+   CUR_NODES, however exclude the nodes which are:
+    - inside the sub expression whose number is EX_SUBEXP, if FL_OPEN.
+    - out of the sub expression whose number is EX_SUBEXP, if !FL_OPEN.
+*/
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+check_arrival_expand_ecl (const re_dfa_t *dfa, re_node_set *cur_nodes,
+                          int ex_subexp, int type)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int idx, outside_node;
+  re_node_set new_nodes;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (cur_nodes->nelem);
+#endif
+  err = re_node_set_alloc (&new_nodes, cur_nodes->nelem);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return err;
+  /* Create a new node set NEW_NODES with the nodes which are epsilon
+     closures of the node in CUR_NODES.  */
+
+  for (idx = 0; idx < cur_nodes->nelem; ++idx)
+    {
+      int cur_node = cur_nodes->elems[idx];
+      const re_node_set *eclosure = dfa->eclosures + cur_node;
+      outside_node = find_subexp_node (dfa, eclosure, ex_subexp, type);
+      if (outside_node == -1)
+        {
+          /* There are no problematic nodes, just merge them.  */
+          err = re_node_set_merge (&new_nodes, eclosure);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&new_nodes);
+              return err;
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* There are problematic nodes, re-calculate incrementally.  */
+          err = check_arrival_expand_ecl_sub (dfa, &new_nodes, cur_node,
+                                              ex_subexp, type);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              re_node_set_free (&new_nodes);
+              return err;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  re_node_set_free (cur_nodes);
+  *cur_nodes = new_nodes;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Helper function for check_arrival_expand_ecl.
+   Check incrementally the epsilon closure of TARGET, and if it isn't
+   problematic append it to DST_NODES.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+check_arrival_expand_ecl_sub (const re_dfa_t *dfa, re_node_set *dst_nodes,
+                              int target, int ex_subexp, int type)
+{
+  int cur_node;
+  for (cur_node = target; !re_node_set_contains (dst_nodes, cur_node);)
+    {
+      int err;
+
+      if (dfa->nodes[cur_node].type == type
+          && dfa->nodes[cur_node].opr.idx == ex_subexp)
+        {
+          if (type == OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP)
+            {
+              err = re_node_set_insert (dst_nodes, cur_node);
+              if (BE (err == -1, 0))
+                return REG_ESPACE;
+            }
+          break;
+        }
+      err = re_node_set_insert (dst_nodes, cur_node);
+      if (BE (err == -1, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      if (dfa->edests[cur_node].nelem == 0)
+        break;
+      if (dfa->edests[cur_node].nelem == 2)
+        {
+          err = check_arrival_expand_ecl_sub (dfa, dst_nodes,
+                                              dfa->edests[cur_node].elems[1],
+                                              ex_subexp, type);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+        }
+      cur_node = dfa->edests[cur_node].elems[0];
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+
+/* For all the back references in the current state, calculate the
+   destination of the back references by the appropriate entry
+   in MCTX->BKREF_ENTS.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+expand_bkref_cache (re_match_context_t *mctx, re_node_set *cur_nodes,
+                    int cur_str, int subexp_num, int type)
+{
+  const re_dfa_t *const dfa = mctx->dfa;
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int cache_idx_start = search_cur_bkref_entry (mctx, cur_str);
+  struct re_backref_cache_entry *ent;
+
+  if (cache_idx_start == -1)
+    return REG_NOERROR;
+
+ restart:
+  ent = mctx->bkref_ents + cache_idx_start;
+  do
+    {
+      int to_idx, next_node;
+
+      /* Is this entry ENT is appropriate?  */
+      if (!re_node_set_contains (cur_nodes, ent->node))
+        continue; /* No.  */
+
+      to_idx = cur_str + ent->subexp_to - ent->subexp_from;
+      /* Calculate the destination of the back reference, and append it
+         to MCTX->STATE_LOG.  */
+      if (to_idx == cur_str)
+        {
+          /* The backreference did epsilon transit, we must re-check all the
+             node in the current state.  */
+          re_node_set new_dests;
+          reg_errcode_t err2, err3;
+          next_node = dfa->edests[ent->node].elems[0];
+          if (re_node_set_contains (cur_nodes, next_node))
+            continue;
+          err = re_node_set_init_1 (&new_dests, next_node);
+          err2 = check_arrival_expand_ecl (dfa, &new_dests, subexp_num, type);
+          err3 = re_node_set_merge (cur_nodes, &new_dests);
+          re_node_set_free (&new_dests);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR || err2 != REG_NOERROR
+                  || err3 != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            {
+              err = (err != REG_NOERROR ? err
+                     : (err2 != REG_NOERROR ? err2 : err3));
+              return err;
+            }
+          /* TODO: It is still inefficient...  */
+          goto restart;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          re_node_set union_set;
+          next_node = dfa->nexts[ent->node];
+          if (mctx->state_log[to_idx])
+            {
+              int ret;
+              if (re_node_set_contains (&mctx->state_log[to_idx]->nodes,
+                                        next_node))
+                continue;
+              err = re_node_set_init_copy (&union_set,
+                                           &mctx->state_log[to_idx]->nodes);
+              ret = re_node_set_insert (&union_set, next_node);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR || ret < 0, 0))
+                {
+                  re_node_set_free (&union_set);
+                  err = err != REG_NOERROR ? err : REG_ESPACE;
+                  return err;
+                }
+            }
+          else
+            {
+              err = re_node_set_init_1 (&union_set, next_node);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                return err;
+            }
+          mctx->state_log[to_idx] = re_acquire_state (&err, dfa, &union_set);
+          re_node_set_free (&union_set);
+          if (BE (mctx->state_log[to_idx] == NULL
+                  && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return err;
+        }
+    }
+  while (ent++->more);
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Build transition table for the state.
+   Return 1 if succeeded, otherwise return NULL.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+build_trtable (const re_dfa_t *dfa, re_dfastate_t *state)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int i, j, ch, need_word_trtable = 0;
+  bitset_word_t elem, mask;
+  bool dests_node_malloced = false;
+  bool dest_states_malloced = false;
+  int ndests; /* Number of the destination states from `state'.  */
+  re_dfastate_t **trtable;
+  re_dfastate_t **dest_states = NULL, **dest_states_word, **dest_states_nl;
+  re_node_set follows, *dests_node;
+  bitset_t *dests_ch;
+  bitset_t acceptable;
+
+  struct dests_alloc
+  {
+    re_node_set dests_node[SBC_MAX];
+    bitset_t dests_ch[SBC_MAX];
+  } *dests_alloc;
+
+  /* We build DFA states which corresponds to the destination nodes
+     from `state'.  `dests_node[i]' represents the nodes which i-th
+     destination state contains, and `dests_ch[i]' represents the
+     characters which i-th destination state accepts.  */
+#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
+  if (__libc_use_alloca (sizeof (struct dests_alloc)))
+    dests_alloc = (struct dests_alloc *) alloca (sizeof (struct dests_alloc));
+  else
+#endif
+    {
+      dests_alloc = re_malloc (struct dests_alloc, 1);
+      if (BE (dests_alloc == NULL, 0))
+        return 0;
+      dests_node_malloced = true;
+    }
+  dests_node = dests_alloc->dests_node;
+  dests_ch = dests_alloc->dests_ch;
+
+  /* Initialize transiton table.  */
+  state->word_trtable = state->trtable = NULL;
+
+  /* At first, group all nodes belonging to `state' into several
+     destinations.  */
+  ndests = group_nodes_into_DFAstates (dfa, state, dests_node, dests_ch);
+  if (BE (ndests <= 0, 0))
+    {
+      if (dests_node_malloced)
+        free (dests_alloc);
+      /* Return 0 in case of an error, 1 otherwise.  */
+      if (ndests == 0)
+        {
+          state->trtable = (re_dfastate_t **)
+            calloc (sizeof (re_dfastate_t *), SBC_MAX);
+          return 1;
+        }
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  err = re_node_set_alloc (&follows, ndests + 1);
+  if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    goto out_free;
+
+  /* Avoid arithmetic overflow in size calculation.  */
+  if (BE ((((SIZE_MAX - (sizeof (re_node_set) + sizeof (bitset_t)) * SBC_MAX)
+            / (3 * sizeof (re_dfastate_t *)))
+           < ndests),
+          0))
+    goto out_free;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA
+  if (__libc_use_alloca ((sizeof (re_node_set) + sizeof (bitset_t)) * SBC_MAX
+                         + ndests * 3 * sizeof (re_dfastate_t *)))
+    dest_states = (re_dfastate_t **)
+      alloca (ndests * 3 * sizeof (re_dfastate_t *));
+  else
+#endif
+    {
+      dest_states = (re_dfastate_t **)
+        malloc (ndests * 3 * sizeof (re_dfastate_t *));
+      if (BE (dest_states == NULL, 0))
+        {
+out_free:
+          if (dest_states_malloced)
+            free (dest_states);
+          re_node_set_free (&follows);
+          for (i = 0; i < ndests; ++i)
+            re_node_set_free (dests_node + i);
+          if (dests_node_malloced)
+            free (dests_alloc);
+          return 0;
+        }
+      dest_states_malloced = true;
+    }
+  dest_states_word = dest_states + ndests;
+  dest_states_nl = dest_states_word + ndests;
+  bitset_empty (acceptable);
+
+  /* Then build the states for all destinations.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < ndests; ++i)
+    {
+      int next_node;
+      re_node_set_empty (&follows);
+      /* Merge the follows of this destination states.  */
+      for (j = 0; j < dests_node[i].nelem; ++j)
+        {
+          next_node = dfa->nexts[dests_node[i].elems[j]];
+          if (next_node != -1)
+            {
+              err = re_node_set_merge (&follows, dfa->eclosures + next_node);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto out_free;
+            }
+        }
+      dest_states[i] = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &follows, 0);
+      if (BE (dest_states[i] == NULL && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+        goto out_free;
+      /* If the new state has context constraint,
+         build appropriate states for these contexts.  */
+      if (dest_states[i]->has_constraint)
+        {
+          dest_states_word[i] = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &follows,
+                                                          CONTEXT_WORD);
+          if (BE (dest_states_word[i] == NULL && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            goto out_free;
+
+          if (dest_states[i] != dest_states_word[i] && dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+            need_word_trtable = 1;
+
+          dest_states_nl[i] = re_acquire_state_context (&err, dfa, &follows,
+                                                        CONTEXT_NEWLINE);
+          if (BE (dest_states_nl[i] == NULL && err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            goto out_free;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          dest_states_word[i] = dest_states[i];
+          dest_states_nl[i] = dest_states[i];
+        }
+      bitset_merge (acceptable, dests_ch[i]);
+    }
+
+  if (!BE (need_word_trtable, 0))
+    {
+      /* We don't care about whether the following character is a word
+         character, or we are in a single-byte character set so we can
+         discern by looking at the character code: allocate a
+         256-entry transition table.  */
+      trtable = state->trtable =
+        (re_dfastate_t **) calloc (sizeof (re_dfastate_t *), SBC_MAX);
+      if (BE (trtable == NULL, 0))
+        goto out_free;
+
+      /* For all characters ch...:  */
+      for (i = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
+        for (ch = i * BITSET_WORD_BITS, elem = acceptable[i], mask = 1;
+             elem;
+             mask <<= 1, elem >>= 1, ++ch)
+          if (BE (elem & 1, 0))
+            {
+              /* There must be exactly one destination which accepts
+                 character ch.  See group_nodes_into_DFAstates.  */
+              for (j = 0; (dests_ch[j][i] & mask) == 0; ++j)
+                ;
+
+              /* j-th destination accepts the word character ch.  */
+              if (dfa->word_char[i] & mask)
+                trtable[ch] = dest_states_word[j];
+              else
+                trtable[ch] = dest_states[j];
+            }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* We care about whether the following character is a word
+         character, and we are in a multi-byte character set: discern
+         by looking at the character code: build two 256-entry
+         transition tables, one starting at trtable[0] and one
+         starting at trtable[SBC_MAX].  */
+      trtable = state->word_trtable =
+        (re_dfastate_t **) calloc (sizeof (re_dfastate_t *), 2 * SBC_MAX);
+      if (BE (trtable == NULL, 0))
+        goto out_free;
+
+      /* For all characters ch...:  */
+      for (i = 0; i < BITSET_WORDS; ++i)
+        for (ch = i * BITSET_WORD_BITS, elem = acceptable[i], mask = 1;
+             elem;
+             mask <<= 1, elem >>= 1, ++ch)
+          if (BE (elem & 1, 0))
+            {
+              /* There must be exactly one destination which accepts
+                 character ch.  See group_nodes_into_DFAstates.  */
+              for (j = 0; (dests_ch[j][i] & mask) == 0; ++j)
+                ;
+
+              /* j-th destination accepts the word character ch.  */
+              trtable[ch] = dest_states[j];
+              trtable[ch + SBC_MAX] = dest_states_word[j];
+            }
+    }
+
+  /* new line */
+  if (bitset_contain (acceptable, NEWLINE_CHAR))
+    {
+      /* The current state accepts newline character.  */
+      for (j = 0; j < ndests; ++j)
+        if (bitset_contain (dests_ch[j], NEWLINE_CHAR))
+          {
+            /* k-th destination accepts newline character.  */
+            trtable[NEWLINE_CHAR] = dest_states_nl[j];
+            if (need_word_trtable)
+              trtable[NEWLINE_CHAR + SBC_MAX] = dest_states_nl[j];
+            /* There must be only one destination which accepts
+               newline.  See group_nodes_into_DFAstates.  */
+            break;
+          }
+    }
+
+  if (dest_states_malloced)
+    free (dest_states);
+
+  re_node_set_free (&follows);
+  for (i = 0; i < ndests; ++i)
+    re_node_set_free (dests_node + i);
+
+  if (dests_node_malloced)
+    free (dests_alloc);
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Group all nodes belonging to STATE into several destinations.
+   Then for all destinations, set the nodes belonging to the destination
+   to DESTS_NODE[i] and set the characters accepted by the destination
+   to DEST_CH[i].  This function return the number of destinations.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+group_nodes_into_DFAstates (const re_dfa_t *dfa, const re_dfastate_t *state,
+                            re_node_set *dests_node, bitset_t *dests_ch)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t err;
+  int result;
+  int i, j, k;
+  int ndests; /* Number of the destinations from `state'.  */
+  bitset_t accepts; /* Characters a node can accept.  */
+  const re_node_set *cur_nodes = &state->nodes;
+  bitset_empty (accepts);
+  ndests = 0;
+
+  /* For all the nodes belonging to `state',  */
+  for (i = 0; i < cur_nodes->nelem; ++i)
+    {
+      re_token_t *node = &dfa->nodes[cur_nodes->elems[i]];
+      re_token_type_t type = node->type;
+      unsigned int constraint = node->constraint;
+
+      /* Enumerate all single byte character this node can accept.  */
+      if (type == CHARACTER)
+        bitset_set (accepts, node->opr.c);
+      else if (type == SIMPLE_BRACKET)
+        {
+          bitset_merge (accepts, node->opr.sbcset);
+        }
+      else if (type == OP_PERIOD)
+        {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+          if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+            bitset_merge (accepts, dfa->sb_char);
+          else
+#endif
+            bitset_set_all (accepts);
+          if (!(dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NEWLINE))
+            bitset_clear (accepts, '\n');
+          if (dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NOT_NULL)
+            bitset_clear (accepts, '\0');
+        }
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      else if (type == OP_UTF8_PERIOD)
+        {
+          memset (accepts, '\xff', sizeof (bitset_t) / 2);
+          if (!(dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NEWLINE))
+            bitset_clear (accepts, '\n');
+          if (dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NOT_NULL)
+            bitset_clear (accepts, '\0');
+        }
+#endif
+      else
+        continue;
+
+      /* Check the `accepts' and sift the characters which are not
+         match it the context.  */
+      if (constraint)
+        {
+          if (constraint & NEXT_NEWLINE_CONSTRAINT)
+            {
+              bool accepts_newline = bitset_contain (accepts, NEWLINE_CHAR);
+              bitset_empty (accepts);
+              if (accepts_newline)
+                bitset_set (accepts, NEWLINE_CHAR);
+              else
+                continue;
+            }
+          if (constraint & NEXT_ENDBUF_CONSTRAINT)
+            {
+              bitset_empty (accepts);
+              continue;
+            }
+
+          if (constraint & NEXT_WORD_CONSTRAINT)
+            {
+              bitset_word_t any_set = 0;
+              if (type == CHARACTER && !node->word_char)
+                {
+                  bitset_empty (accepts);
+                  continue;
+                }
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+              if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+                for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORDS; ++j)
+                  any_set |= (accepts[j] &= (dfa->word_char[j] | ~dfa->sb_char[j]));
+              else
+#endif
+                for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORDS; ++j)
+                  any_set |= (accepts[j] &= dfa->word_char[j]);
+              if (!any_set)
+                continue;
+            }
+          if (constraint & NEXT_NOTWORD_CONSTRAINT)
+            {
+              bitset_word_t any_set = 0;
+              if (type == CHARACTER && node->word_char)
+                {
+                  bitset_empty (accepts);
+                  continue;
+                }
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+              if (dfa->mb_cur_max > 1)
+                for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORDS; ++j)
+                  any_set |= (accepts[j] &= ~(dfa->word_char[j] & dfa->sb_char[j]));
+              else
+#endif
+                for (j = 0; j < BITSET_WORDS; ++j)
+                  any_set |= (accepts[j] &= ~dfa->word_char[j]);
+              if (!any_set)
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+      /* Then divide `accepts' into DFA states, or create a new
+         state.  Above, we make sure that accepts is not empty.  */
+      for (j = 0; j < ndests; ++j)
+        {
+          bitset_t intersec; /* Intersection sets, see below.  */
+          bitset_t remains;
+          /* Flags, see below.  */
+          bitset_word_t has_intersec, not_subset, not_consumed;
+
+          /* Optimization, skip if this state doesn't accept the character.  */
+          if (type == CHARACTER && !bitset_contain (dests_ch[j], node->opr.c))
+            continue;
+
+          /* Enumerate the intersection set of this state and `accepts'.  */
+          has_intersec = 0;
+          for (k = 0; k < BITSET_WORDS; ++k)
+            has_intersec |= intersec[k] = accepts[k] & dests_ch[j][k];
+          /* And skip if the intersection set is empty.  */
+          if (!has_intersec)
+            continue;
+
+          /* Then check if this state is a subset of `accepts'.  */
+          not_subset = not_consumed = 0;
+          for (k = 0; k < BITSET_WORDS; ++k)
+            {
+              not_subset |= remains[k] = ~accepts[k] & dests_ch[j][k];
+              not_consumed |= accepts[k] = accepts[k] & ~dests_ch[j][k];
+            }
+
+          /* If this state isn't a subset of `accepts', create a
+             new group state, which has the `remains'. */
+          if (not_subset)
+            {
+              bitset_copy (dests_ch[ndests], remains);
+              bitset_copy (dests_ch[j], intersec);
+              err = re_node_set_init_copy (dests_node + ndests, &dests_node[j]);
+              if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+                goto error_return;
+              ++ndests;
+            }
+
+          /* Put the position in the current group. */
+          result = re_node_set_insert (&dests_node[j], cur_nodes->elems[i]);
+          if (BE (result < 0, 0))
+            goto error_return;
+
+          /* If all characters are consumed, go to next node. */
+          if (!not_consumed)
+            break;
+        }
+      /* Some characters remain, create a new group. */
+      if (j == ndests)
+        {
+          bitset_copy (dests_ch[ndests], accepts);
+          err = re_node_set_init_1 (dests_node + ndests, cur_nodes->elems[i]);
+          if (BE (err != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            goto error_return;
+          ++ndests;
+          bitset_empty (accepts);
+        }
+    }
+  return ndests;
+ error_return:
+  for (j = 0; j < ndests; ++j)
+    re_node_set_free (dests_node + j);
+  return -1;
+}
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+/* Check how many bytes the node `dfa->nodes[node_idx]' accepts.
+   Return the number of the bytes the node accepts.
+   STR_IDX is the current index of the input string.
+
+   This function handles the nodes which can accept one character, or
+   one collating element like '.', '[a-z]', opposite to the other nodes
+   can only accept one byte.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_node_accept_bytes (const re_dfa_t *dfa, int node_idx,
+                         const re_string_t *input, int str_idx)
+{
+  const re_token_t *node = dfa->nodes + node_idx;
+  int char_len, elem_len;
+  int i;
+  wint_t wc;
+
+  if (BE (node->type == OP_UTF8_PERIOD, 0))
+    {
+      unsigned char c = re_string_byte_at (input, str_idx), d;
+      if (BE (c < 0xc2, 1))
+        return 0;
+
+      if (str_idx + 2 > input->len)
+        return 0;
+
+      d = re_string_byte_at (input, str_idx + 1);
+      if (c < 0xe0)
+        return (d < 0x80 || d > 0xbf) ? 0 : 2;
+      else if (c < 0xf0)
+        {
+          char_len = 3;
+          if (c == 0xe0 && d < 0xa0)
+            return 0;
+        }
+      else if (c < 0xf8)
+        {
+          char_len = 4;
+          if (c == 0xf0 && d < 0x90)
+            return 0;
+        }
+      else if (c < 0xfc)
+        {
+          char_len = 5;
+          if (c == 0xf8 && d < 0x88)
+            return 0;
+        }
+      else if (c < 0xfe)
+        {
+          char_len = 6;
+          if (c == 0xfc && d < 0x84)
+            return 0;
+        }
+      else
+        return 0;
+
+      if (str_idx + char_len > input->len)
+        return 0;
+
+      for (i = 1; i < char_len; ++i)
+        {
+          d = re_string_byte_at (input, str_idx + i);
+          if (d < 0x80 || d > 0xbf)
+            return 0;
+        }
+      return char_len;
+    }
+
+  char_len = re_string_char_size_at (input, str_idx);
+  if (node->type == OP_PERIOD)
+    {
+      if (char_len <= 1)
+        return 0;
+      /* FIXME: I don't think this if is needed, as both '\n'
+         and '\0' are char_len == 1.  */
+      /* '.' accepts any one character except the following two cases.  */
+      if ((!(dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NEWLINE) &&
+           re_string_byte_at (input, str_idx) == '\n') ||
+          ((dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NOT_NULL) &&
+           re_string_byte_at (input, str_idx) == '\0'))
+        return 0;
+      return char_len;
+    }
+
+  elem_len = re_string_elem_size_at (input, str_idx);
+  wc = __btowc(*(input->mbs+str_idx));
+  if (((elem_len <= 1 && char_len <= 1) || char_len == 0) && (wc != WEOF && wc < SBC_MAX))
+    return 0;
+
+  if (node->type == COMPLEX_BRACKET)
+    {
+      const re_charset_t *cset = node->opr.mbcset;
+# ifdef _LIBC
+      const unsigned char *pin
+        = ((const unsigned char *) re_string_get_buffer (input) + str_idx);
+      int j;
+      uint32_t nrules;
+# endif /* _LIBC */
+      int match_len = 0;
+      wchar_t wc = ((cset->nranges || cset->nchar_classes || cset->nmbchars)
+                    ? re_string_wchar_at (input, str_idx) : 0);
+
+      /* match with multibyte character?  */
+      for (i = 0; i < cset->nmbchars; ++i)
+        if (wc == cset->mbchars[i])
+          {
+            match_len = char_len;
+            goto check_node_accept_bytes_match;
+          }
+      /* match with character_class?  */
+      for (i = 0; i < cset->nchar_classes; ++i)
+        {
+          wctype_t wt = cset->char_classes[i];
+          if (__iswctype (wc, wt))
+            {
+              match_len = char_len;
+              goto check_node_accept_bytes_match;
+            }
+        }
+
+# ifdef _LIBC
+      nrules = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES);
+      if (nrules != 0)
+        {
+          unsigned int in_collseq = 0;
+          const int32_t *table, *indirect;
+          const unsigned char *weights, *extra;
+          const char *collseqwc;
+          /* This #include defines a local function!  */
+#  include <locale/weight.h>
+
+          /* match with collating_symbol?  */
+          if (cset->ncoll_syms)
+            extra = (const unsigned char *)
+              _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_EXTRAMB);
+          for (i = 0; i < cset->ncoll_syms; ++i)
+            {
+              const unsigned char *coll_sym = extra + cset->coll_syms[i];
+              /* Compare the length of input collating element and
+                 the length of current collating element.  */
+              if (*coll_sym != elem_len)
+                continue;
+              /* Compare each bytes.  */
+              for (j = 0; j < *coll_sym; j++)
+                if (pin[j] != coll_sym[1 + j])
+                  break;
+              if (j == *coll_sym)
+                {
+                  /* Match if every bytes is equal.  */
+                  match_len = j;
+                  goto check_node_accept_bytes_match;
+                }
+            }
+
+          if (cset->nranges)
+            {
+              if (elem_len <= char_len)
+                {
+                  collseqwc = _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_COLLSEQWC);
+                  in_collseq = __collseq_table_lookup (collseqwc, wc);
+                }
+              else
+                in_collseq = find_collation_sequence_value (pin, elem_len);
+            }
+          /* match with range expression?  */
+          for (i = 0; i < cset->nranges; ++i)
+            if (cset->range_starts[i] <= in_collseq
+                && in_collseq <= cset->range_ends[i])
+              {
+                match_len = elem_len;
+                goto check_node_accept_bytes_match;
+              }
+
+          /* match with equivalence_class?  */
+          if (cset->nequiv_classes)
+            {
+              const unsigned char *cp = pin;
+              table = (const int32_t *)
+                _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_TABLEMB);
+              weights = (const unsigned char *)
+                _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_WEIGHTMB);
+              extra = (const unsigned char *)
+                _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_EXTRAMB);
+              indirect = (const int32_t *)
+                _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_INDIRECTMB);
+              int32_t idx = findidx (&cp);
+              if (idx > 0)
+                for (i = 0; i < cset->nequiv_classes; ++i)
+                  {
+                    int32_t equiv_class_idx = cset->equiv_classes[i];
+                    size_t weight_len = weights[idx & 0xffffff];
+                    if (weight_len == weights[equiv_class_idx & 0xffffff]
+                        && (idx >> 24) == (equiv_class_idx >> 24))
+                      {
+                        int cnt = 0;
+
+                        idx &= 0xffffff;
+                        equiv_class_idx &= 0xffffff;
+
+                        while (cnt <= weight_len
+                               && (weights[equiv_class_idx + 1 + cnt]
+                                   == weights[idx + 1 + cnt]))
+                          ++cnt;
+                        if (cnt > weight_len)
+                          {
+                            match_len = elem_len;
+                            goto check_node_accept_bytes_match;
+                          }
+                      }
+                  }
+            }
+        }
+      else
+# endif /* _LIBC */
+        {
+          /* match with range expression?  */
+#if __GNUC__ >= 2
+          wchar_t cmp_buf[] = {L'\0', L'\0', wc, L'\0', L'\0', L'\0'};
+#else
+          wchar_t cmp_buf[] = {L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0', L'\0'};
+          cmp_buf[2] = wc;
+#endif
+          for (i = 0; i < cset->nranges; ++i)
+            {
+              cmp_buf[0] = cset->range_starts[i];
+              cmp_buf[4] = cset->range_ends[i];
+              if (wcscoll (cmp_buf, cmp_buf + 2) <= 0
+                  && wcscoll (cmp_buf + 2, cmp_buf + 4) <= 0)
+                {
+                  match_len = char_len;
+                  goto check_node_accept_bytes_match;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    check_node_accept_bytes_match:
+      if (!cset->non_match)
+        return match_len;
+      else
+        {
+          if (match_len > 0)
+            return 0;
+          else
+            return (elem_len > char_len) ? elem_len : char_len;
+        }
+    }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+# ifdef _LIBC
+static unsigned int
+internal_function
+find_collation_sequence_value (const unsigned char *mbs, size_t mbs_len)
+{
+  uint32_t nrules = _NL_CURRENT_WORD (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_NRULES);
+  if (nrules == 0)
+    {
+      if (mbs_len == 1)
+        {
+          /* No valid character.  Match it as a single byte character.  */
+          const unsigned char *collseq = (const unsigned char *)
+            _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_COLLSEQMB);
+          return collseq[mbs[0]];
+        }
+      return UINT_MAX;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      int32_t idx;
+      const unsigned char *extra = (const unsigned char *)
+        _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_EXTRAMB);
+      int32_t extrasize = (const unsigned char *)
+        _NL_CURRENT (LC_COLLATE, _NL_COLLATE_SYMB_EXTRAMB + 1) - extra;
+
+      for (idx = 0; idx < extrasize;)
+        {
+          int mbs_cnt, found = 0;
+          int32_t elem_mbs_len;
+          /* Skip the name of collating element name.  */
+          idx = idx + extra[idx] + 1;
+          elem_mbs_len = extra[idx++];
+          if (mbs_len == elem_mbs_len)
+            {
+              for (mbs_cnt = 0; mbs_cnt < elem_mbs_len; ++mbs_cnt)
+                if (extra[idx + mbs_cnt] != mbs[mbs_cnt])
+                  break;
+              if (mbs_cnt == elem_mbs_len)
+                /* Found the entry.  */
+                found = 1;
+            }
+          /* Skip the byte sequence of the collating element.  */
+          idx += elem_mbs_len;
+          /* Adjust for the alignment.  */
+          idx = (idx + 3) & ~3;
+          /* Skip the collation sequence value.  */
+          idx += sizeof (uint32_t);
+          /* Skip the wide char sequence of the collating element.  */
+          idx = idx + sizeof (uint32_t) * (extra[idx] + 1);
+          /* If we found the entry, return the sequence value.  */
+          if (found)
+            return *(uint32_t *) (extra + idx);
+          /* Skip the collation sequence value.  */
+          idx += sizeof (uint32_t);
+        }
+      return UINT_MAX;
+    }
+}
+# endif /* _LIBC */
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N */
+
+/* Check whether the node accepts the byte which is IDX-th
+   byte of the INPUT.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+check_node_accept (const re_match_context_t *mctx, const re_token_t *node,
+                   int idx)
+{
+  unsigned char ch;
+  ch = re_string_byte_at (&mctx->input, idx);
+  switch (node->type)
+    {
+    case CHARACTER:
+      if (node->opr.c != ch)
+        return 0;
+      break;
+
+    case SIMPLE_BRACKET:
+      if (!bitset_contain (node->opr.sbcset, ch))
+        return 0;
+      break;
+
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+    case OP_UTF8_PERIOD:
+      if (ch >= 0x80)
+        return 0;
+      /* FALLTHROUGH */
+#endif
+    case OP_PERIOD:
+      if ((ch == '\n' && !(mctx->dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NEWLINE))
+          || (ch == '\0' && (mctx->dfa->syntax & RE_DOT_NOT_NULL)))
+        return 0;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  if (node->constraint)
+    {
+      /* The node has constraints.  Check whether the current context
+         satisfies the constraints.  */
+      unsigned int context = re_string_context_at (&mctx->input, idx,
+                                                   mctx->eflags);
+      if (NOT_SATISFY_NEXT_CONSTRAINT (node->constraint, context))
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Extend the buffers, if the buffers have run out.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+extend_buffers (re_match_context_t *mctx)
+{
+  reg_errcode_t ret;
+  re_string_t *pstr = &mctx->input;
+
+  /* Avoid overflow.  */
+  if (BE (INT_MAX / 2 / sizeof (re_dfastate_t *) <= pstr->bufs_len, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+
+  /* Double the lengthes of the buffers.  */
+  ret = re_string_realloc_buffers (pstr, pstr->bufs_len * 2);
+  if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+    return ret;
+
+  if (mctx->state_log != NULL)
+    {
+      /* And double the length of state_log.  */
+      /* XXX We have no indication of the size of this buffer.  If this
+         allocation fail we have no indication that the state_log array
+         does not have the right size.  */
+      re_dfastate_t **new_array = re_realloc (mctx->state_log, re_dfastate_t *,
+                                              pstr->bufs_len + 1);
+      if (BE (new_array == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      mctx->state_log = new_array;
+    }
+
+  /* Then reconstruct the buffers.  */
+  if (pstr->icase)
+    {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        {
+          ret = build_wcs_upper_buffer (pstr);
+          if (BE (ret != REG_NOERROR, 0))
+            return ret;
+        }
+      else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N  */
+        build_upper_buffer (pstr);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+#ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
+      if (pstr->mb_cur_max > 1)
+        build_wcs_buffer (pstr);
+      else
+#endif /* RE_ENABLE_I18N  */
+        {
+          if (pstr->trans != NULL)
+            re_string_translate_buffer (pstr);
+        }
+    }
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+
+/* Functions for matching context.  */
+
+/* Initialize MCTX.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+match_ctx_init (re_match_context_t *mctx, int eflags, int n)
+{
+  mctx->eflags = eflags;
+  mctx->match_last = -1;
+  if (n > 0)
+    {
+      mctx->bkref_ents = re_malloc (struct re_backref_cache_entry, n);
+      mctx->sub_tops = re_malloc (re_sub_match_top_t *, n);
+      if (BE (mctx->bkref_ents == NULL || mctx->sub_tops == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+    }
+  /* Already zero-ed by the caller.
+     else
+       mctx->bkref_ents = NULL;
+     mctx->nbkref_ents = 0;
+     mctx->nsub_tops = 0;  */
+  mctx->abkref_ents = n;
+  mctx->max_mb_elem_len = 1;
+  mctx->asub_tops = n;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Clean the entries which depend on the current input in MCTX.
+   This function must be invoked when the matcher changes the start index
+   of the input, or changes the input string.  */
+
+static void
+internal_function
+match_ctx_clean (re_match_context_t *mctx)
+{
+  int st_idx;
+  for (st_idx = 0; st_idx < mctx->nsub_tops; ++st_idx)
+    {
+      int sl_idx;
+      re_sub_match_top_t *top = mctx->sub_tops[st_idx];
+      for (sl_idx = 0; sl_idx < top->nlasts; ++sl_idx)
+        {
+          re_sub_match_last_t *last = top->lasts[sl_idx];
+          re_free (last->path.array);
+          re_free (last);
+        }
+      re_free (top->lasts);
+      if (top->path)
+        {
+          re_free (top->path->array);
+          re_free (top->path);
+        }
+      free (top);
+    }
+
+  mctx->nsub_tops = 0;
+  mctx->nbkref_ents = 0;
+}
+
+/* Free all the memory associated with MCTX.  */
+
+static void
+internal_function
+match_ctx_free (re_match_context_t *mctx)
+{
+  /* First, free all the memory associated with MCTX->SUB_TOPS.  */
+  match_ctx_clean (mctx);
+  re_free (mctx->sub_tops);
+  re_free (mctx->bkref_ents);
+}
+
+/* Add a new backreference entry to MCTX.
+   Note that we assume that caller never call this function with duplicate
+   entry, and call with STR_IDX which isn't smaller than any existing entry.
+*/
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+match_ctx_add_entry (re_match_context_t *mctx, int node, int str_idx, int from,
+                     int to)
+{
+  if (mctx->nbkref_ents >= mctx->abkref_ents)
+    {
+      struct re_backref_cache_entry* new_entry;
+      new_entry = re_realloc (mctx->bkref_ents, struct re_backref_cache_entry,
+                              mctx->abkref_ents * 2);
+      if (BE (new_entry == NULL, 0))
+        {
+          re_free (mctx->bkref_ents);
+          return REG_ESPACE;
+        }
+      mctx->bkref_ents = new_entry;
+      memset (mctx->bkref_ents + mctx->nbkref_ents, '\0',
+              sizeof (struct re_backref_cache_entry) * mctx->abkref_ents);
+      mctx->abkref_ents *= 2;
+    }
+  if (mctx->nbkref_ents > 0
+      && mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents - 1].str_idx == str_idx)
+    mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents - 1].more = 1;
+
+  mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents].node = node;
+  mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents].str_idx = str_idx;
+  mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents].subexp_from = from;
+  mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents].subexp_to = to;
+
+  /* This is a cache that saves negative results of check_dst_limits_calc_pos.
+     If bit N is clear, means that this entry won't epsilon-transition to
+     an OP_OPEN_SUBEXP or OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP for the N+1-th subexpression.  If
+     it is set, check_dst_limits_calc_pos_1 will recurse and try to find one
+     such node.
+
+     A backreference does not epsilon-transition unless it is empty, so set
+     to all zeros if FROM != TO.  */
+  mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents].eps_reachable_subexps_map
+    = (from == to ? ~0 : 0);
+
+  mctx->bkref_ents[mctx->nbkref_ents++].more = 0;
+  if (mctx->max_mb_elem_len < to - from)
+    mctx->max_mb_elem_len = to - from;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Search for the first entry which has the same str_idx, or -1 if none is
+   found.  Note that MCTX->BKREF_ENTS is already sorted by MCTX->STR_IDX.  */
+
+static int
+internal_function
+search_cur_bkref_entry (const re_match_context_t *mctx, int str_idx)
+{
+  int left, right, mid, last;
+  last = right = mctx->nbkref_ents;
+  for (left = 0; left < right;)
+    {
+      mid = (left + right) / 2;
+      if (mctx->bkref_ents[mid].str_idx < str_idx)
+        left = mid + 1;
+      else
+        right = mid;
+    }
+  if (left < last && mctx->bkref_ents[left].str_idx == str_idx)
+    return left;
+  else
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/* Register the node NODE, whose type is OP_OPEN_SUBEXP, and which matches
+   at STR_IDX.  */
+
+static reg_errcode_t
+internal_function
+match_ctx_add_subtop (re_match_context_t *mctx, int node, int str_idx)
+{
+#ifdef DEBUG
+  assert (mctx->sub_tops != NULL);
+  assert (mctx->asub_tops > 0);
+#endif
+  if (BE (mctx->nsub_tops == mctx->asub_tops, 0))
+    {
+      int new_asub_tops = mctx->asub_tops * 2;
+      re_sub_match_top_t **new_array = re_realloc (mctx->sub_tops,
+                                                   re_sub_match_top_t *,
+                                                   new_asub_tops);
+      if (BE (new_array == NULL, 0))
+        return REG_ESPACE;
+      mctx->sub_tops = new_array;
+      mctx->asub_tops = new_asub_tops;
+    }
+  mctx->sub_tops[mctx->nsub_tops] = calloc (1, sizeof (re_sub_match_top_t));
+  if (BE (mctx->sub_tops[mctx->nsub_tops] == NULL, 0))
+    return REG_ESPACE;
+  mctx->sub_tops[mctx->nsub_tops]->node = node;
+  mctx->sub_tops[mctx->nsub_tops++]->str_idx = str_idx;
+  return REG_NOERROR;
+}
+
+/* Register the node NODE, whose type is OP_CLOSE_SUBEXP, and which matches
+   at STR_IDX, whose corresponding OP_OPEN_SUBEXP is SUB_TOP.  */
+
+static re_sub_match_last_t *
+internal_function
+match_ctx_add_sublast (re_sub_match_top_t *subtop, int node, int str_idx)
+{
+  re_sub_match_last_t *new_entry;
+  if (BE (subtop->nlasts == subtop->alasts, 0))
+    {
+      int new_alasts = 2 * subtop->alasts + 1;
+      re_sub_match_last_t **new_array = re_realloc (subtop->lasts,
+                                                    re_sub_match_last_t *,
+                                                    new_alasts);
+      if (BE (new_array == NULL, 0))
+        return NULL;
+      subtop->lasts = new_array;
+      subtop->alasts = new_alasts;
+    }
+  new_entry = calloc (1, sizeof (re_sub_match_last_t));
+  if (BE (new_entry != NULL, 1))
+    {
+      subtop->lasts[subtop->nlasts] = new_entry;
+      new_entry->node = node;
+      new_entry->str_idx = str_idx;
+      ++subtop->nlasts;
+    }
+  return new_entry;
+}
+
+static void
+internal_function
+sift_ctx_init (re_sift_context_t *sctx, re_dfastate_t **sifted_sts,
+               re_dfastate_t **limited_sts, int last_node, int last_str_idx)
+{
+  sctx->sifted_states = sifted_sts;
+  sctx->limited_states = limited_sts;
+  sctx->last_node = last_node;
+  sctx->last_str_idx = last_str_idx;
+  re_node_set_init_empty (&sctx->limits);
+}
diff --git a/win32/resources/COPYING_CCBYSA3 b/win32/resources/COPYING_CCBYSA3
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc45d7818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/resources/COPYING_CCBYSA3
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
+United States License. To view a copy of this licence, visit
+http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative
+Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA.
+
+When attributing the artwork, using "GNOME Project" is enough. 
+Please link to http://www.gnome.org where available.
diff --git a/win32/resources/Kbuild.src b/win32/resources/Kbuild.src
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..550eddaa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/resources/Kbuild.src
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Makefile for busybox
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2018 by R M Yorston <rmy@pobox.com>
+#
+# Licensed under GPLv2, see file LICENSE in this source tree.
+
+obj-y :=
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_RESOURCES) += resources.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_FEATURE_RESOURCES) += dummy.o
+
+# return commit level if available or 0
+bb_level = $(or $(word 2,$(subst -, ,$1)),0)
+
+WRFLAGS := -D"KBUILD_STR(s)=\#s" -D"BB_VER=KBUILD_STR($(BB_VER))" \
+        -D"BB_VERSION=$(VERSION)" -D"BB_PATCHLEVEL=$(PATCHLEVEL)" \
+        -D"BB_SUBLEVEL=$(SUBLEVEL)" \
+        -D"BB_EXTRAVERSION=$(call bb_level,$(EXTRAVERSION))" \
+        --include-dir=$(objtree)/include --include-dir=$(objtree)/win32/resources
+
+quiet_cmd_windres = WINDRES $@
+      cmd_windres = $(WINDRES) $(WRFLAGS) $< $@
+
+%.o: %.rc FORCE
+        $(call if_changed,windres)
+
+win32/resources/resources.o: win32/resources/resources.rc .config
+win32/resources/resources.o: win32/resources/aterm.ico win32/resources/sterm.ico
diff --git a/win32/resources/README b/win32/resources/README
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33a245386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/resources/README
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The icons are based on those for GNOME terminal in the Adwaita theme.
+
+They were generated by importing the 16x16, 32x32 and 48x48 PNG files
+into GIMP as separate layers then exporting as a single .ico file.
+
+The original files are dual-licensed under either the GNU LGPL v3 or
+Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.
+
+The .ico files are licensed under the latter.
diff --git a/win32/resources/aterm.ico b/win32/resources/aterm.ico
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e680216a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/resources/aterm.ico
diff --git a/win32/resources/dummy.c b/win32/resources/dummy.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d4b87680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/resources/dummy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+extern void wibble(void);
+void wibble(void) {}
diff --git a/win32/resources/resources.rc b/win32/resources/resources.rc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4ec9c2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/resources/resources.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include <autoconf.h>
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_ICON_ATERM || ENABLE_FEATURE_ICON_ALL
+1 ICON "aterm.ico"
+#endif
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_ICON_STERM || ENABLE_FEATURE_ICON_ALL
+2 ICON "sterm.ico"
+#endif
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_VERSIONINFO
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     BB_VERSION,BB_PATCHLEVEL,BB_SUBLEVEL,BB_EXTRAVERSION
+PRODUCTVERSION  BB_VERSION,BB_PATCHLEVEL,BB_SUBLEVEL,BB_EXTRAVERSION
+BEGIN
+  BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    BLOCK "080904E4"
+    BEGIN
+      VALUE "CompanyName", "frippery.org"
+      VALUE "FileDescription", "BusyBox multi-call binary"
+      VALUE "FileVersion", BB_VER
+      VALUE "InternalName", "busybox"
+      VALUE "LegalCopyright", "(C) 1998-2021 Many authors"
+      VALUE "OriginalFilename", "busybox.exe"
+      VALUE "ProductName", "busybox-w32"
+      VALUE "ProductVersion", BB_VER
+    END
+  END
+  BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    VALUE "Translation", 0x809, 1252
+  END
+END
+#endif
diff --git a/win32/resources/sterm.ico b/win32/resources/sterm.ico
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9125b34d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/resources/sterm.ico
diff --git a/win32/sched.h b/win32/sched.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..128bfe698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sched.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+static inline void sched_yield(void) {}
diff --git a/win32/select.c b/win32/select.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2be221ac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/select.c
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+/* Emulation for select(2)
+   Contributed by Paolo Bonzini.
+
+   Copyright 2008-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This file is part of gnulib.
+
+   This file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the
+   License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+/* Specification.  */
+#include <sys/select.h>
+
+#if defined _WIN32 && ! defined __CYGWIN__
+/* Native Windows.  */
+
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <conio.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+/* Get the overridden 'struct timeval'.  */
+
+#undef select
+
+/* Don't assume that UNICODE is not defined.  */
+#undef GetModuleHandle
+#define GetModuleHandle GetModuleHandleA
+#undef PeekConsoleInput
+#define PeekConsoleInput PeekConsoleInputA
+#undef CreateEvent
+#define CreateEvent CreateEventA
+#undef PeekMessage
+#define PeekMessage PeekMessageA
+#undef DispatchMessage
+#define DispatchMessage DispatchMessageA
+
+/* Avoid warnings from gcc -Wcast-function-type.  */
+#define GetProcAddress \
+  (void *) GetProcAddress
+
+struct bitset {
+  unsigned char in[FD_SETSIZE / CHAR_BIT];
+  unsigned char out[FD_SETSIZE / CHAR_BIT];
+};
+
+/* Declare data structures for ntdll functions.  */
+typedef struct _FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION {
+  ULONG NamedPipeType;
+  ULONG NamedPipeConfiguration;
+  ULONG MaximumInstances;
+  ULONG CurrentInstances;
+  ULONG InboundQuota;
+  ULONG ReadDataAvailable;
+  ULONG OutboundQuota;
+  ULONG WriteQuotaAvailable;
+  ULONG NamedPipeState;
+  ULONG NamedPipeEnd;
+} FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION, *PFILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION;
+
+typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK
+{
+  union {
+    DWORD Status;
+    PVOID Pointer;
+  } u;
+  ULONG_PTR Information;
+} IO_STATUS_BLOCK, *PIO_STATUS_BLOCK;
+
+typedef enum _FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
+  FilePipeLocalInformation = 24
+} FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
+
+typedef DWORD (WINAPI *PNtQueryInformationFile)
+         (HANDLE, IO_STATUS_BLOCK *, VOID *, ULONG, FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS);
+
+#ifndef PIPE_BUF
+#define PIPE_BUF        512
+#endif
+
+static BOOL IsConsoleHandle (HANDLE h)
+{
+  DWORD mode;
+  return GetConsoleMode (h, &mode) != 0;
+}
+
+static BOOL
+IsSocketHandle (HANDLE h)
+{
+  WSANETWORKEVENTS ev;
+
+  if (IsConsoleHandle (h))
+    return FALSE;
+
+  /* Under Wine, it seems that getsockopt returns 0 for pipes too.
+     WSAEnumNetworkEvents instead distinguishes the two correctly.  */
+  ev.lNetworkEvents = 0xDEADBEEF;
+  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
+  return ev.lNetworkEvents != 0xDEADBEEF;
+}
+
+/* Compute output fd_sets for libc descriptor FD (whose Windows handle is
+   H).  */
+
+static int
+windows_poll_handle (HANDLE h, int fd,
+                     struct bitset *rbits,
+                     struct bitset *wbits,
+                     struct bitset *xbits)
+{
+  BOOL read, write, except;
+  int i, ret;
+  INPUT_RECORD *irbuffer;
+  DWORD avail, nbuffer;
+  BOOL bRet;
+  IO_STATUS_BLOCK iosb;
+  FILE_PIPE_LOCAL_INFORMATION fpli;
+  static PNtQueryInformationFile NtQueryInformationFile;
+  static BOOL once_only;
+
+  read = write = except = FALSE;
+  switch (GetFileType (h))
+    {
+    case FILE_TYPE_DISK:
+      read = TRUE;
+      write = TRUE;
+      break;
+
+    case FILE_TYPE_PIPE:
+      if (!once_only)
+        {
+          NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)
+            GetProcAddress (GetModuleHandle ("ntdll.dll"),
+                            "NtQueryInformationFile");
+          once_only = TRUE;
+        }
+
+      if (PeekNamedPipe (h, NULL, 0, NULL, &avail, NULL) != 0)
+        {
+          if (avail)
+            read = TRUE;
+        }
+      else if (GetLastError () == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
+        read = TRUE;
+
+      else
+        {
+          /* It was the write-end of the pipe.  Check if it is writable.
+             If NtQueryInformationFile fails, optimistically assume the pipe is
+             writable.  This could happen on Windows 9x, where
+             NtQueryInformationFile is not available, or if we inherit a pipe
+             that doesn't permit FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES access on the write end
+             (I think this should not happen since Windows XP SP2; WINE seems
+             fine too).  Otherwise, ensure that enough space is available for
+             atomic writes.  */
+          memset (&iosb, 0, sizeof (iosb));
+          memset (&fpli, 0, sizeof (fpli));
+
+          if (!NtQueryInformationFile
+              || NtQueryInformationFile (h, &iosb, &fpli, sizeof (fpli),
+                                         FilePipeLocalInformation)
+              || fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable >= PIPE_BUF
+              || (fpli.OutboundQuota < PIPE_BUF &&
+                  fpli.WriteQuotaAvailable == fpli.OutboundQuota))
+            write = TRUE;
+        }
+      break;
+
+    case FILE_TYPE_CHAR:
+      write = TRUE;
+      if (!(rbits->in[fd / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))))
+        break;
+
+      ret = WaitForSingleObject (h, 0);
+      if (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+        {
+          if (!IsConsoleHandle (h))
+            {
+              read = TRUE;
+              break;
+            }
+
+          nbuffer = avail = 0;
+          bRet = GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents (h, &nbuffer);
+
+          /* Screen buffers handles are filtered earlier.  */
+          assert (bRet);
+          if (nbuffer == 0)
+            {
+              except = TRUE;
+              break;
+            }
+
+          irbuffer = (INPUT_RECORD *) alloca (nbuffer * sizeof (INPUT_RECORD));
+          bRet = PeekConsoleInput (h, irbuffer, nbuffer, &avail);
+          if (!bRet || avail == 0)
+            {
+              except = TRUE;
+              break;
+            }
+
+          for (i = 0; i < avail; i++)
+            if (irbuffer[i].EventType == KEY_EVENT &&
+                irbuffer[i].Event.KeyEvent.bKeyDown)
+              read = TRUE;
+        }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      ret = WaitForSingleObject (h, 0);
+      write = TRUE;
+      if (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+        read = TRUE;
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+  ret = 0;
+  if (read && (rbits->in[fd / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))))
+    {
+      rbits->out[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= (1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1)));
+      ret++;
+    }
+
+  if (write && (wbits->in[fd / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))))
+    {
+      wbits->out[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= (1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1)));
+      ret++;
+    }
+
+  if (except && (xbits->in[fd / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))))
+    {
+      xbits->out[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= (1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1)));
+      ret++;
+    }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+int
+mingw_select (int nfds, fd_set *rfds, fd_set *wfds, fd_set *xfds,
+            struct timeval *timeout)
+#undef timeval
+{
+  static struct timeval tv0;
+  static HANDLE hEvent;
+  HANDLE h, handle_array[FD_SETSIZE + 2];
+  fd_set handle_rfds, handle_wfds, handle_xfds;
+  struct bitset rbits, wbits, xbits;
+  unsigned char anyfds_in[FD_SETSIZE / CHAR_BIT];
+  DWORD ret, wait_timeout, nhandles, nsock, nbuffer;
+  MSG msg;
+  int i, fd, rc;
+  clock_t tend = 0;
+
+  if (nfds > FD_SETSIZE)
+    nfds = FD_SETSIZE;
+
+  if (!timeout)
+    wait_timeout = INFINITE;
+  else
+    {
+      wait_timeout = timeout->tv_sec * 1000 + timeout->tv_usec / 1000;
+
+      /* select is also used as a portable usleep.  */
+      if (!rfds && !wfds && !xfds)
+        {
+          Sleep (wait_timeout);
+          return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (!hEvent)
+    hEvent = CreateEvent (NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+
+  handle_array[0] = hEvent;
+  nhandles = 1;
+  nsock = 0;
+
+  /* Copy descriptors to bitsets.  At the same time, eliminate
+     bits in the "wrong" direction for console input buffers
+     and screen buffers, because screen buffers are waitable
+     and they will block until a character is available.  */
+  memset (&rbits, 0, sizeof (rbits));
+  memset (&wbits, 0, sizeof (wbits));
+  memset (&xbits, 0, sizeof (xbits));
+  memset (anyfds_in, 0, sizeof (anyfds_in));
+  if (rfds)
+    for (i = 0; i < rfds->fd_count; i++)
+      {
+        fd = rfds->fd_array[i];
+        h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (fd);
+        if (IsConsoleHandle (h)
+            && !GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents (h, &nbuffer))
+          continue;
+
+        rbits.in[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= 1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1));
+        anyfds_in[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= 1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1));
+      }
+  else
+    rfds = (fd_set *) alloca (sizeof (fd_set));
+
+  if (wfds)
+    for (i = 0; i < wfds->fd_count; i++)
+      {
+        fd = wfds->fd_array[i];
+        h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (fd);
+        if (IsConsoleHandle (h)
+            && GetNumberOfConsoleInputEvents (h, &nbuffer))
+          continue;
+
+        wbits.in[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= 1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1));
+        anyfds_in[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= 1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1));
+      }
+  else
+    wfds = (fd_set *) alloca (sizeof (fd_set));
+
+  if (xfds)
+    for (i = 0; i < xfds->fd_count; i++)
+      {
+        fd = xfds->fd_array[i];
+        xbits.in[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= 1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1));
+        anyfds_in[fd / CHAR_BIT] |= 1 << (fd & (CHAR_BIT - 1));
+      }
+  else
+    xfds = (fd_set *) alloca (sizeof (fd_set));
+
+  /* Zero all the fd_sets, including the application's.  */
+  FD_ZERO (rfds);
+  FD_ZERO (wfds);
+  FD_ZERO (xfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&handle_rfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&handle_wfds);
+  FD_ZERO (&handle_xfds);
+
+  /* Classify handles.  Create fd sets for sockets, poll the others. */
+  for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++)
+    {
+      if ((anyfds_in[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))) == 0)
+        continue;
+
+      h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (i);
+      if (!h)
+        {
+          errno = EBADF;
+          return -1;
+        }
+
+      if (IsSocketHandle (h))
+        {
+          int requested = FD_CLOSE;
+
+          /* See above; socket handles are mapped onto select, but we
+             need to map descriptors to handles.  */
+          if (rbits.in[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1))))
+            {
+              requested |= FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT;
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, rfds);
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &handle_rfds);
+            }
+          if (wbits.in[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1))))
+            {
+              requested |= FD_WRITE | FD_CONNECT;
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, wfds);
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &handle_wfds);
+            }
+          if (xbits.in[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1))))
+            {
+              requested |= FD_OOB;
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, xfds);
+              FD_SET ((SOCKET) h, &handle_xfds);
+            }
+
+          WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, hEvent, requested);
+          nsock++;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          handle_array[nhandles++] = h;
+
+          /* Poll now.  If we get an event, do not wait below.  */
+          if (wait_timeout != 0
+              && windows_poll_handle (h, i, &rbits, &wbits, &xbits))
+            wait_timeout = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* Place a sentinel at the end of the array.  */
+  handle_array[nhandles] = NULL;
+
+  /* When will the waiting period expire?  */
+  if (wait_timeout != INFINITE)
+    tend = clock () + wait_timeout;
+
+restart:
+  if (wait_timeout == 0 || nsock == 0)
+    rc = 0;
+  else
+    {
+      /* See if we need to wait in the loop below.  If any select is ready,
+         do MsgWaitForMultipleObjects anyway to dispatch messages, but
+         no need to call select again.  */
+      rc = select (0, &handle_rfds, &handle_wfds, &handle_xfds, &tv0);
+      if (rc == 0)
+        {
+          /* Restore the fd_sets for the other select we do below.  */
+          memcpy (&handle_rfds, rfds, sizeof (fd_set));
+          memcpy (&handle_wfds, wfds, sizeof (fd_set));
+          memcpy (&handle_xfds, xfds, sizeof (fd_set));
+        }
+      else
+        wait_timeout = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* How much is left to wait?  */
+  if (wait_timeout != INFINITE)
+    {
+      clock_t tnow = clock ();
+      if (tend >= tnow)
+        wait_timeout = tend - tnow;
+      else
+        wait_timeout = 0;
+    }
+
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      ret = MsgWaitForMultipleObjects (nhandles, handle_array, FALSE,
+                                       wait_timeout, QS_ALLINPUT);
+
+      if (ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nhandles)
+        {
+          /* new input of some other kind */
+          BOOL bRet;
+          while ((bRet = PeekMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) != 0)
+            {
+              TranslateMessage (&msg);
+              DispatchMessage (&msg);
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        break;
+    }
+
+  /* If we haven't done it yet, check the status of the sockets.  */
+  if (rc == 0 && nsock > 0)
+    rc = select (0, &handle_rfds, &handle_wfds, &handle_xfds, &tv0);
+
+  if (nhandles > 1)
+    {
+      /* Count results that are not counted in the return value of select.  */
+      nhandles = 1;
+      for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++)
+        {
+          if ((anyfds_in[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))) == 0)
+            continue;
+
+          h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (i);
+          if (h == handle_array[nhandles])
+            {
+              /* Not a socket.  */
+              nhandles++;
+              windows_poll_handle (h, i, &rbits, &wbits, &xbits);
+              if (rbits.out[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))
+                  || wbits.out[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))
+                  || xbits.out[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1))))
+                rc++;
+            }
+        }
+
+      if (rc == 0
+          && (wait_timeout == INFINITE
+              /* If NHANDLES > 1, but no bits are set, it means we've
+                 been told incorrectly that some handle was signaled.
+                 This happens with anonymous pipes, which always cause
+                 MsgWaitForMultipleObjects to exit immediately, but no
+                 data is found ready to be read by windows_poll_handle.
+                 To avoid a total failure (whereby we return zero and
+                 don't wait at all), let's poll in a more busy loop.  */
+              || (wait_timeout != 0 && nhandles > 1)))
+        {
+          /* Sleep 1 millisecond to avoid busy wait and retry with the
+             original fd_sets.  */
+          memcpy (&handle_rfds, rfds, sizeof (fd_set));
+          memcpy (&handle_wfds, wfds, sizeof (fd_set));
+          memcpy (&handle_xfds, xfds, sizeof (fd_set));
+          SleepEx (1, TRUE);
+          goto restart;
+        }
+      if (timeout && wait_timeout == 0 && rc == 0)
+        timeout->tv_sec = timeout->tv_usec = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Now fill in the results.  */
+  FD_ZERO (rfds);
+  FD_ZERO (wfds);
+  FD_ZERO (xfds);
+  nhandles = 1;
+  for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++)
+    {
+      if ((anyfds_in[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1)))) == 0)
+        continue;
+
+      h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle (i);
+      if (h != handle_array[nhandles])
+        {
+          /* Perform handle->descriptor mapping.  */
+          SOCKET s = (SOCKET) h;
+          WSAEventSelect (s, NULL, 0);
+          if (FD_ISSET (s, &handle_rfds))
+            FD_SET (i, rfds);
+          if (FD_ISSET (s, &handle_wfds))
+            FD_SET (i, wfds);
+          if (FD_ISSET (s, &handle_xfds))
+            FD_SET (i, xfds);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* Not a socket.  */
+          nhandles++;
+          if (rbits.out[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1))))
+            FD_SET (i, rfds);
+          if (wbits.out[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1))))
+            FD_SET (i, wfds);
+          if (xbits.out[i / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (i & (CHAR_BIT - 1))))
+            FD_SET (i, xfds);
+        }
+    }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#else /* ! Native Windows.  */
+
+#include <stddef.h> /* NULL */
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#undef select
+
+int
+rpl_select (int nfds, fd_set *rfds, fd_set *wfds, fd_set *xfds,
+            struct timeval *timeout)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  /* FreeBSD 8.2 has a bug: it does not always detect invalid fds.  */
+  if (nfds < 0 || nfds > FD_SETSIZE)
+    {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+  for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++)
+    {
+      if (((rfds && FD_ISSET (i, rfds))
+           || (wfds && FD_ISSET (i, wfds))
+           || (xfds && FD_ISSET (i, xfds)))
+          && dup2 (i, i) != i)
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+  /* Interix 3.5 has a bug: it does not support nfds == 0.  */
+  if (nfds == 0)
+    {
+      nfds = 1;
+      rfds = NULL;
+      wfds = NULL;
+      xfds = NULL;
+    }
+  return select (nfds, rfds, wfds, xfds, timeout);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/win32/sh_random.c b/win32/sh_random.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..912793269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sh_random.c
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include "../shell/random.h"
+
+/* call 'fn' to put data in 'dt' then copy it to generator state */
+#define GET_DATA(fn, dt) \
+        fn(&dt); \
+        u = (uint32_t *)&dt; \
+        for (j=0; j<sizeof(dt)/sizeof(uint32_t); ++j) { \
+                state[i++%2] ^= *u++; \
+        }
+
+/*
+ * Obtain a few bytes of random-ish data to initialise the generator.
+ * This is unlikely to be very robust:  don't rely on it for
+ * anything that needs to be secure.
+ */
+static void get_entropy(uint32_t state[2])
+{
+        int i, j;
+        FILETIME tm;
+        MEMORYSTATUS ms;
+        SYSTEM_INFO si;
+        LARGE_INTEGER pc;
+        uint32_t *u;
+
+        i = 0;
+        state[i++%2] ^= (uint32_t)GetProcessId(GetCurrentProcess());
+        state[i++%2] ^= (uint32_t)GetCurrentThreadId();
+        state[i++%2] ^= (uint32_t)GetTickCount();
+
+        GET_DATA(GetSystemTimeAsFileTime, tm)
+        GET_DATA(GlobalMemoryStatus, ms)
+        GET_DATA(GetSystemInfo, si)
+        GET_DATA(QueryPerformanceCounter, pc)
+
+#if 0
+        {
+                unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)state;
+
+                for (j=0; j<8; ++j) {
+                        fprintf(stderr, "%02x", *p++);
+                        if ((j&3) == 3) {
+                                fprintf(stderr, " ");
+                        }
+                }
+                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+        }
+#endif
+}
+
+ssize_t get_random_bytes(void *buf, ssize_t count)
+{
+        static random_t rnd;
+        ssize_t save_count = count;
+        uint32_t value;
+        unsigned char *ptr = (unsigned char *)&value;
+
+        if (buf == NULL || count < 0) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (UNINITED_RANDOM_T(&rnd)) {
+                uint32_t state[2] = {0, 0};
+
+                get_entropy(state);
+                INIT_RANDOM_T(&rnd, state[0] ? state[0] : 1, state[1]);
+        }
+
+        for (;count > 0; buf+=4, count-=4) {
+                value = full_random(&rnd);
+                memcpy(buf, ptr, count >= 4 ? 4 : count);
+        }
+
+        return save_count;
+}
diff --git a/win32/statfs.c b/win32/statfs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97b3ce679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/statfs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+/*
+ * Code from libguestfs (with addition of GetVolumeInformation call)
+ */
+int statfs(const char *file, struct statfs *buf)
+{
+        ULONGLONG free_bytes_available;         /* for user - similar to bavail */
+        ULONGLONG total_number_of_bytes;
+        ULONGLONG total_number_of_free_bytes;   /* for everyone - bfree */
+        DWORD serial, namelen, flags;
+        char fsname[100];
+        struct mntent *mnt;
+        /* Valid filesystem names don't seem to be documented.  The following
+         * are present in Wine (dlls/kernel32/volume.c). */
+#define FS_NAMES "NTFS\0FAT\0FAT32\0CDFS\0UDF\0"
+        int fstypes[] = {0, 0x5346544e, 0x4006, 0x4006, 0x9660, 0x15013346};
+
+        if ( (mnt=find_mount_point(file, 0)) == NULL ) {
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        file = mnt->mnt_dir;
+        if ( !GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(file, (PULARGE_INTEGER) &free_bytes_available,
+                        (PULARGE_INTEGER) &total_number_of_bytes,
+                        (PULARGE_INTEGER) &total_number_of_free_bytes) ) {
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        if ( !GetVolumeInformation(file, NULL, 0, &serial, &namelen, &flags,
+                                                                fsname, 100) ) {
+                errno = err_win_to_posix();
+                return -1;
+        }
+
+        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+
+        /* XXX I couldn't determine how to get block size.  MSDN has a
+         * unhelpful hard-coded list here:
+         * http://support.microsoft.com/kb/140365
+         * but this depends on the filesystem type, the size of the disk and
+         * the version of Windows.  So this code assumes the disk is NTFS
+         * and the version of Windows is >= Win2K.
+         */
+        if (total_number_of_bytes < UINT64_C(16) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+                buf->f_bsize = 4096;
+        else if (total_number_of_bytes < UINT64_C(32) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+                buf->f_bsize = 8192;
+        else if (total_number_of_bytes < UINT64_C(64) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+                buf->f_bsize = 16384;
+        else if (total_number_of_bytes < UINT64_C(128) * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
+                buf->f_bsize = 32768;
+        else
+                buf->f_bsize = 65536;
+
+        buf->f_type = fstypes[index_in_strings(FS_NAMES, fsname)+1];
+        buf->f_frsize = buf->f_bsize;
+        buf->f_blocks = total_number_of_bytes / buf->f_bsize;
+        buf->f_bfree = total_number_of_free_bytes / buf->f_bsize;
+        buf->f_bavail = free_bytes_available / buf->f_bsize;
+        //buf->f_files = 0;
+        //buf->f_ffree = 0;
+        buf->f_fsid = serial;
+        //buf->f_flag = 0;
+        buf->f_namelen = namelen;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/win32/strndup.c b/win32/strndup.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d04609f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/strndup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* A replacement function, for systems that lack strndup.
+
+   Copyright (C) 1996-1998, 2001-2003, 2005-2007, 2009-2020 Free Software
+   Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+   Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
+   later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+char *
+strndup (char const *s, size_t n)
+{
+  size_t len = strnlen (s, n);
+  char *new = malloc (len + 1);
+
+  if (new == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+
+  new[len] = '\0';
+  return memcpy (new, s, len);
+}
diff --git a/win32/strptime.c b/win32/strptime.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3205b95a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/strptime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 2002, 2004-2005, 2007, 2009-2020 Free Software Foundation,
+   Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+   with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/*
+ * File from gnulib (https://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/), processed with
+ *    coan source -U_LIBC -U_NL_CURRENT -UHAVE_TM_GMTOFF strptime.c
+ * and lightly edited.
+ *
+ * A form of support for tm_gmtoff was later restored.
+ */
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+
+enum ptime_locale_status { not, loc, raw };
+
+
+
+#define match_char(ch1, ch2) if (ch1 != ch2) return NULL
+/* Oh come on.  Get a reasonable compiler.  */
+# define match_string(cs1, s2) \
+  (strncasecmp ((cs1), (s2), strlen (cs1)) ? 0 : ((s2) += strlen (cs1), 1))
+/* We intentionally do not use isdigit() for testing because this will
+   lead to problems with the wide character version.  */
+#define get_number(from, to, n) \
+  do {                                                                        \
+    int __n = n;                                                              \
+    val = 0;                                                                  \
+    while (*rp == ' ')                                                        \
+      ++rp;                                                                   \
+    if (*rp < '0' || *rp > '9')                                               \
+      return NULL;                                                            \
+    do {                                                                      \
+      val *= 10;                                                              \
+      val += *rp++ - '0';                                                     \
+    } while (--__n > 0 && val * 10 <= to && *rp >= '0' && *rp <= '9');        \
+    if (val < from || val > to)                                               \
+      return NULL;                                                            \
+  } while (0)
+# define get_alt_number(from, to, n) \
+  /* We don't have the alternate representation.  */                          \
+  get_number(from, to, n)
+#define recursive(new_fmt) \
+  (*(new_fmt) != '\0'                                                         \
+   && (rp = __strptime_internal (rp, (new_fmt), tm,                           \
+                                 decided, era_cnt, gmtoff)) != NULL)
+
+
+static char const weekday_name[][10] =
+  {
+    "Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday",
+    "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"
+  };
+static char const ab_weekday_name[][4] =
+  {
+    "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"
+  };
+static char const month_name[][10] =
+  {
+    "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
+    "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
+  };
+static char const ab_month_name[][4] =
+  {
+    "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
+    "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"
+  };
+# define HERE_D_T_FMT "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y"
+# define HERE_D_FMT "%m/%d/%y"
+# define HERE_AM_STR "AM"
+# define HERE_PM_STR "PM"
+# define HERE_T_FMT_AMPM "%I:%M:%S %p"
+# define HERE_T_FMT "%H:%M:%S"
+
+static const unsigned short int __mon_yday[2][13] =
+  {
+    /* Normal years.  */
+    { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 },
+    /* Leap years.  */
+    { 0, 31, 60, 91, 121, 152, 182, 213, 244, 274, 305, 335, 366 }
+  };
+
+# define ISSPACE(Ch) isspace (Ch)
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef __isleap
+/* Nonzero if YEAR is a leap year (every 4 years,
+   except every 100th isn't, and every 400th is).  */
+# define __isleap(year) \
+  ((year) % 4 == 0 && ((year) % 100 != 0 || (year) % 400 == 0))
+#endif
+
+/* Compute the day of the week.  */
+static void
+day_of_the_week (struct tm *tm)
+{
+  /* We know that January 1st 1970 was a Thursday (= 4).  Compute the
+     difference between this data in the one on TM and so determine
+     the weekday.  */
+  int corr_year = 1900 + tm->tm_year - (tm->tm_mon < 2);
+  int corr_quad = corr_year / 4;
+  int wday = (-473
+              + (365 * (tm->tm_year - 70))
+              + corr_quad
+              - ((corr_quad + (corr_quad < 0)) / 25 - (corr_quad < 0))
+              + ((corr_quad / 25) / 4)
+              + __mon_yday[0][tm->tm_mon]
+              + tm->tm_mday - 1);
+  tm->tm_wday = ((wday % 7) + 7) % 7;
+}
+
+/* Compute the day of the year.  */
+static void
+day_of_the_year (struct tm *tm)
+{
+  tm->tm_yday = (__mon_yday[__isleap (1900 + tm->tm_year)][tm->tm_mon]
+                 + (tm->tm_mday - 1));
+}
+
+
+static char *
+__strptime_internal (const char *rp, const char *fmt, struct tm *tm,
+                     enum ptime_locale_status *decided, int era_cnt,
+                     long *gmtoff)
+{
+
+  int cnt;
+  size_t val;
+  int have_I, is_pm;
+  int century, want_century;
+  int want_era;
+  int have_wday, want_xday;
+  int have_yday;
+  int have_mon, have_mday;
+  int have_uweek, have_wweek;
+  int week_no;
+
+  have_I = is_pm = 0;
+  century = -1;
+  want_century = 0;
+  want_era = 0;
+  week_no = 0;
+
+  have_wday = want_xday = have_yday = have_mon = have_mday = have_uweek = 0;
+  have_wweek = 0;
+
+  while (*fmt != '\0')
+    {
+      /* A white space in the format string matches 0 more or white
+         space in the input string.  */
+      if (ISSPACE (*fmt))
+        {
+          while (ISSPACE (*rp))
+            ++rp;
+          ++fmt;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+      /* Any character but '%' must be matched by the same character
+         in the input string.  */
+      if (*fmt != '%')
+        {
+          match_char (*fmt++, *rp++);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+      ++fmt;
+      /* We need this for handling the 'E' modifier.  */
+    start_over:
+
+      switch (*fmt++)
+        {
+        case '%':
+          /* Match the '%' character itself.  */
+          match_char ('%', *rp++);
+          break;
+        case 'a':
+        case 'A':
+          /* Match day of week.  */
+          for (cnt = 0; cnt < 7; ++cnt)
+            {
+              if (*decided != loc
+                  && (match_string (weekday_name[cnt], rp)
+                      || match_string (ab_weekday_name[cnt], rp)))
+                {
+                  *decided = raw;
+                  break;
+                }
+            }
+          if (cnt == 7)
+            /* Does not match a weekday name.  */
+            return NULL;
+          tm->tm_wday = cnt;
+          have_wday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'b':
+        case 'B':
+        case 'h':
+          /* Match month name.  */
+          for (cnt = 0; cnt < 12; ++cnt)
+            {
+              if (match_string (month_name[cnt], rp)
+                  || match_string (ab_month_name[cnt], rp))
+                {
+                  *decided = raw;
+                  break;
+                }
+            }
+          if (cnt == 12)
+            /* Does not match a month name.  */
+            return NULL;
+          tm->tm_mon = cnt;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'c':
+          /* Match locale's date and time format.  */
+          if (!recursive (HERE_D_T_FMT))
+            return NULL;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'C':
+          /* Match century number.  */
+          get_number (0, 99, 2);
+          century = val;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'd':
+        case 'e':
+          /* Match day of month.  */
+          get_number (1, 31, 2);
+          tm->tm_mday = val;
+          have_mday = 1;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'F':
+          if (!recursive ("%Y-%m-%d"))
+            return NULL;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'x':
+          /* Fall through.  */
+        case 'D':
+          /* Match standard day format.  */
+          if (!recursive (HERE_D_FMT))
+            return NULL;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'k':
+        case 'H':
+          /* Match hour in 24-hour clock.  */
+          get_number (0, 23, 2);
+          tm->tm_hour = val;
+          have_I = 0;
+          break;
+        case 'l':
+          /* Match hour in 12-hour clock.  GNU extension.  */
+        case 'I':
+          /* Match hour in 12-hour clock.  */
+          get_number (1, 12, 2);
+          tm->tm_hour = val % 12;
+          have_I = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'j':
+          /* Match day number of year.  */
+          get_number (1, 366, 3);
+          tm->tm_yday = val - 1;
+          have_yday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'm':
+          /* Match number of month.  */
+          get_number (1, 12, 2);
+          tm->tm_mon = val - 1;
+          have_mon = 1;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'M':
+          /* Match minute.  */
+          get_number (0, 59, 2);
+          tm->tm_min = val;
+          break;
+        case 'n':
+        case 't':
+          /* Match any white space.  */
+          while (ISSPACE (*rp))
+            ++rp;
+          break;
+        case 'p':
+          /* Match locale's equivalent of AM/PM.  */
+          if (!match_string (HERE_AM_STR, rp))
+            {
+              if (match_string (HERE_PM_STR, rp))
+                is_pm = 1;
+              else
+                return NULL;
+            }
+          break;
+        case 'q':
+          /* Match quarter of year.  GNU extension.  */
+          get_number (1, 4, 1);
+          tm->tm_mon = (val - 1) * 3;
+          tm->tm_mday = 1;
+          have_mon = 1;
+          have_mday = 1;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'r':
+          if (!recursive (HERE_T_FMT_AMPM))
+            return NULL;
+          break;
+        case 'R':
+          if (!recursive ("%H:%M"))
+            return NULL;
+          break;
+        case 's':
+          {
+            /* The number of seconds may be very high so we cannot use
+               the 'get_number' macro.  Instead read the number
+               character for character and construct the result while
+               doing this.  */
+            time_t secs = 0;
+            if (*rp < '0' || *rp > '9')
+              /* We need at least one digit.  */
+              return NULL;
+
+            do
+              {
+                secs *= 10;
+                secs += *rp++ - '0';
+              }
+            while (*rp >= '0' && *rp <= '9');
+
+            if (localtime_r (&secs, tm) == NULL)
+              /* Error in function.  */
+              return NULL;
+          }
+          break;
+        case 'S':
+          get_number (0, 61, 2);
+          tm->tm_sec = val;
+          break;
+        case 'X':
+          /* Fall through.  */
+        case 'T':
+          if (!recursive (HERE_T_FMT))
+            return NULL;
+          break;
+        case 'u':
+          get_number (1, 7, 1);
+          tm->tm_wday = val % 7;
+          have_wday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'g':
+          get_number (0, 99, 2);
+          /* XXX This cannot determine any field in TM.  */
+          break;
+        case 'G':
+          if (*rp < '0' || *rp > '9')
+            return NULL;
+          /* XXX Ignore the number since we would need some more
+             information to compute a real date.  */
+          do
+            ++rp;
+          while (*rp >= '0' && *rp <= '9');
+          break;
+        case 'U':
+          get_number (0, 53, 2);
+          week_no = val;
+          have_uweek = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'W':
+          get_number (0, 53, 2);
+          week_no = val;
+          have_wweek = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'V':
+          get_number (0, 53, 2);
+          /* XXX This cannot determine any field in TM without some
+             information.  */
+          break;
+        case 'w':
+          /* Match number of weekday.  */
+          get_number (0, 6, 1);
+          tm->tm_wday = val;
+          have_wday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'y':
+          /* Match year within century.  */
+          get_number (0, 99, 2);
+          /* The "Year 2000: The Millennium Rollover" paper suggests that
+             values in the range 69-99 refer to the twentieth century.  */
+          tm->tm_year = val >= 69 ? val : val + 100;
+          /* Indicate that we want to use the century, if specified.  */
+          want_century = 1;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'Y':
+          /* Match year including century number.  */
+          get_number (0, 9999, 4);
+          tm->tm_year = val - 1900;
+          want_century = 0;
+          want_xday = 1;
+          break;
+        case 'Z':
+          /* XXX How to handle this?  */
+          break;
+        case 'z':
+          /* We recognize two formats: if two digits are given, these
+             specify hours.  If fours digits are used, minutes are
+             also specified.  And 'Z'.
+
+             Three formats!  We recognize three formats...  */
+          {
+            bool neg;
+            int n;
+
+            val = 0;
+            while (*rp == ' ')
+              ++rp;
+            if (*rp == 'Z') {
+              ++rp;
+              if (gmtoff)
+                *gmtoff = 0;
+              break;
+            }
+            if (*rp != '+' && *rp != '-')
+              return NULL;
+            neg = *rp++ == '-';
+            n = 0;
+            while (n < 4 && *rp >= '0' && *rp <= '9')
+              {
+                val = val * 10 + *rp++ - '0';
+                ++n;
+              }
+            if (n == 2)
+              val *= 100;
+            else if (n != 4)
+              /* Only two or four digits recognized.  */
+              return NULL;
+            else
+              {
+                /* We have to convert the minutes into decimal.  */
+                if (val % 100 >= 60)
+                  return NULL;
+                val = (val / 100) * 100 + ((val % 100) * 50) / 30;
+              }
+            if (val > 1200)
+              return NULL;
+            if (gmtoff) {
+              *gmtoff = (val * 3600) / 100;
+              if (neg)
+                *gmtoff = -*gmtoff;
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case 'E':
+          /* We have no information about the era format.  Just use
+             the normal format.  */
+          if (strchr("cCyYxX", *fmt) == NULL)
+            /* This is an illegal format.  */
+            return NULL;
+
+          goto start_over;
+        case 'O':
+          /* We don't have an alternative number format.  Just use
+             the normal format.  */
+          if (strchr("deHImMqSUWVwy", *fmt) == NULL)
+            /* This is an illegal format.  */
+            return NULL;
+
+          goto start_over;
+        default:
+          return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+  if (have_I && is_pm)
+    tm->tm_hour += 12;
+
+  if (century != -1)
+    {
+      if (want_century)
+        tm->tm_year = tm->tm_year % 100 + (century - 19) * 100;
+      else
+        /* Only the century, but not the year.  Strange, but so be it.  */
+        tm->tm_year = (century - 19) * 100;
+    }
+
+  if (era_cnt != -1)
+    {
+    }
+  else
+    if (want_era)
+      {
+        /* No era found but we have seen an E modifier.  Rectify some
+           values.  */
+        if (want_century && century == -1 && tm->tm_year < 69)
+          tm->tm_year += 100;
+      }
+
+  if (want_xday && !have_wday)
+    {
+      if ( !(have_mon && have_mday) && have_yday)
+        {
+          /* We don't have tm_mon and/or tm_mday, compute them.  */
+          int t_mon = 0;
+          while (__mon_yday[__isleap(1900 + tm->tm_year)][t_mon] <= tm->tm_yday)
+              t_mon++;
+          if (!have_mon)
+              tm->tm_mon = t_mon - 1;
+          if (!have_mday)
+              tm->tm_mday =
+                (tm->tm_yday
+                 - __mon_yday[__isleap(1900 + tm->tm_year)][t_mon - 1] + 1);
+        }
+      day_of_the_week (tm);
+    }
+
+  if (want_xday && !have_yday)
+    day_of_the_year (tm);
+
+  if ((have_uweek || have_wweek) && have_wday)
+    {
+      int save_wday = tm->tm_wday;
+      int save_mday = tm->tm_mday;
+      int save_mon = tm->tm_mon;
+      int w_offset = have_uweek ? 0 : 1;
+
+      tm->tm_mday = 1;
+      tm->tm_mon = 0;
+      day_of_the_week (tm);
+      if (have_mday)
+        tm->tm_mday = save_mday;
+      if (have_mon)
+        tm->tm_mon = save_mon;
+
+      if (!have_yday)
+        tm->tm_yday = ((7 - (tm->tm_wday - w_offset)) % 7
+                       + (week_no - 1) *7
+                       + save_wday - w_offset);
+
+      if (!have_mday || !have_mon)
+        {
+          int t_mon = 0;
+          while (__mon_yday[__isleap(1900 + tm->tm_year)][t_mon]
+                 <= tm->tm_yday)
+            t_mon++;
+          if (!have_mon)
+            tm->tm_mon = t_mon - 1;
+          if (!have_mday)
+              tm->tm_mday =
+                (tm->tm_yday
+                 - __mon_yday[__isleap(1900 + tm->tm_year)][t_mon - 1] + 1);
+        }
+
+      tm->tm_wday = save_wday;
+    }
+
+  return (char *) rp;
+}
+
+
+char *
+strptime (const char *buf, const char *format, struct tm *tm)
+{
+  enum ptime_locale_status decided;
+
+  decided = raw;
+  return __strptime_internal (buf, format, tm, &decided, -1, NULL);
+}
+
+char *
+mingw_strptime (const char *buf, const char *format, struct tm *tm,
+                long *gmtoff)
+{
+  enum ptime_locale_status decided;
+
+  decided = raw;
+  return __strptime_internal (buf, format, tm, &decided, -1, gmtoff);
+}
+
diff --git a/win32/sys/inotify.h b/win32/sys/inotify.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/inotify.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/ioctl.h b/win32/sys/ioctl.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/ioctl.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/mman.h b/win32/sys/mman.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/mman.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/resource.h b/win32/sys/resource.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3220d8112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/resource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#ifndef _SYS_RESOURCE_H
+#define _SYS_RESOURCE_H 1
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+struct rusage {
+        struct timeval ru_utime;
+        struct timeval ru_stime;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/win32/sys/select.h b/win32/sys/select.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/select.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/socket.h b/win32/sys/socket.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/socket.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/statfs.h b/win32/sys/statfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..498f41e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/statfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef _SYS_STATFS_H
+#define _SYS_STATFS_H 1
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+struct statfs {
+        int f_type;
+        uint64_t f_bsize;
+        uint64_t f_frsize;
+        uint64_t f_blocks;
+        uint64_t f_bfree;
+        uint64_t f_bavail;
+        uint64_t f_files;
+        uint64_t f_ffree;
+        uint64_t f_fsid;
+        uint64_t f_flag;
+        uint64_t f_namelen;
+};
+
+extern int statfs(const char *file, struct statfs *buf);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/win32/sys/statvfs.h b/win32/sys/statvfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ceb9ee353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/statvfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+
+#define statvfs statfs
diff --git a/win32/sys/sysmacros.h b/win32/sys/sysmacros.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/sysmacros.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/times.h b/win32/sys/times.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/times.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/un.h b/win32/sys/un.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/un.h
diff --git a/win32/sys/utsname.h b/win32/sys/utsname.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f12efd58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/utsname.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/* Copyright (C) 1991,92,94,96,97,99,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
+
+   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
+   02111-1307 USA.  */
+
+/*
+ *      POSIX Standard: 4.4 System Identification       <sys/utsname.h>
+ */
+
+#ifndef _SYS_UTSNAME_H
+#define _SYS_UTSNAME_H  1
+
+#define _UTSNAME_LENGTH 65
+
+#ifndef _UTSNAME_SYSNAME_LENGTH
+# define _UTSNAME_SYSNAME_LENGTH _UTSNAME_LENGTH
+#endif
+#ifndef _UTSNAME_NODENAME_LENGTH
+# define _UTSNAME_NODENAME_LENGTH _UTSNAME_LENGTH
+#endif
+#ifndef _UTSNAME_RELEASE_LENGTH
+# define _UTSNAME_RELEASE_LENGTH _UTSNAME_LENGTH
+#endif
+#ifndef _UTSNAME_VERSION_LENGTH
+# define _UTSNAME_VERSION_LENGTH _UTSNAME_LENGTH
+#endif
+#ifndef _UTSNAME_MACHINE_LENGTH
+# define _UTSNAME_MACHINE_LENGTH _UTSNAME_LENGTH
+#endif
+
+/* Structure describing the system and machine.  */
+struct utsname
+  {
+    /* Name of the implementation of the operating system.  */
+    char sysname[_UTSNAME_SYSNAME_LENGTH];
+
+    /* Name of this node on the network.  */
+    char nodename[_UTSNAME_NODENAME_LENGTH];
+
+    /* Current release level of this implementation.  */
+    char release[_UTSNAME_RELEASE_LENGTH];
+    /* Current version level of this release.  */
+    char version[_UTSNAME_VERSION_LENGTH];
+
+    /* Name of the hardware type the system is running on.  */
+    char machine[_UTSNAME_MACHINE_LENGTH];
+  };
+
+/* Put information about the system in NAME.  */
+extern int uname (struct utsname *__name);
+
+
+#endif /* sys/utsname.h  */
diff --git a/win32/sys/wait.h b/win32/sys/wait.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/sys/wait.h
diff --git a/win32/system.c b/win32/system.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44a47f861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/system.c
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+int mingw_system(const char *cmd)
+{
+        const char *argv[4] = { "sh", "-c", cmd, NULL };
+        intptr_t proc;
+        HANDLE h;
+        DWORD ret = 0;
+
+        if (cmd == NULL)
+                return 1;
+
+        if ((proc=mingw_spawn_proc(argv)) == -1)
+                return -1;
+
+        h = (HANDLE)proc;
+        WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE);
+        GetExitCodeProcess(h, &ret);
+        CloseHandle(h);
+
+        return ret << 8;
+}
diff --git a/win32/termios.c b/win32/termios.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45d4e7740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/termios.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+int64_t FAST_FUNC read_key(int fd, char *buf UNUSED_PARAM, int timeout)
+{
+        HANDLE cin = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+        INPUT_RECORD record;
+        DWORD nevent_out, mode;
+        int ret = -1;
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EURO
+        wchar_t uchar;
+        char achar;
+#endif
+        DWORD alt_pressed = FALSE;
+        DWORD state;
+
+        if (fd != 0)
+                bb_error_msg_and_die("read_key only works on stdin");
+        if (cin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                return -1;
+        GetConsoleMode(cin, &mode);
+        SetConsoleMode(cin, 0);
+
+        while (1) {
+                if (timeout > 0) {
+                        if (WaitForSingleObject(cin, timeout) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+                                goto done;
+                }
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EURO
+                if (!ReadConsoleInputW(cin, &record, 1, &nevent_out))
+#else
+                if (!ReadConsoleInput(cin, &record, 1, &nevent_out))
+#endif
+                        goto done;
+
+                if (record.EventType != KEY_EVENT)
+                        continue;
+
+                state = record.Event.KeyEvent.dwControlKeyState;
+                if (!record.Event.KeyEvent.bKeyDown) {
+                        /* ignore all key up events except Alt */
+                        if (!(alt_pressed && (state & LEFT_ALT_PRESSED) == 0 &&
+                                        record.Event.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode == VK_MENU))
+                                continue;
+                }
+                alt_pressed = state & LEFT_ALT_PRESSED;
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EURO
+                if (!record.Event.KeyEvent.uChar.UnicodeChar) {
+#else
+                if (!record.Event.KeyEvent.uChar.AsciiChar) {
+#endif
+                        if (alt_pressed && !(state & ENHANCED_KEY)) {
+                                /* keys on numeric pad used to enter character codes */
+                                switch (record.Event.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode) {
+                                case VK_NUMPAD0: case VK_INSERT:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD1: case VK_END:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD2: case VK_DOWN:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD3: case VK_NEXT:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD4: case VK_LEFT:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD5: case VK_CLEAR:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD6: case VK_RIGHT:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD7: case VK_HOME:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD8: case VK_UP:
+                                case VK_NUMPAD9: case VK_PRIOR:
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        switch (record.Event.KeyEvent.wVirtualKeyCode) {
+                        case VK_DELETE: ret = KEYCODE_DELETE; break;
+                        case VK_INSERT: ret = KEYCODE_INSERT; break;
+                        case VK_UP: ret = KEYCODE_UP; break;
+                        case VK_DOWN: ret = KEYCODE_DOWN; break;
+                        case VK_RIGHT: ret = KEYCODE_RIGHT; break;
+                        case VK_LEFT: ret = KEYCODE_LEFT; break;
+                        case VK_HOME: ret = KEYCODE_HOME; break;
+                        case VK_END: ret = KEYCODE_END; break;
+                        case VK_PRIOR: ret = KEYCODE_PAGEUP; break;
+                        case VK_NEXT: ret = KEYCODE_PAGEDOWN; break;
+                        default:
+                                alt_pressed = FALSE;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (state & (RIGHT_ALT_PRESSED|LEFT_ALT_PRESSED))
+                                ret &= ~0x20;
+                        if (state & (RIGHT_CTRL_PRESSED|LEFT_CTRL_PRESSED))
+                                ret &= ~0x40;
+                        if (state & SHIFT_PRESSED)
+                                ret &= ~0x80;
+                        goto done;
+                }
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EURO
+                uchar = record.Event.KeyEvent.uChar.UnicodeChar;
+                achar = uchar & 0x7f;
+                if (achar != uchar)
+                        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, &uchar, 1, &achar, 1, NULL, NULL);
+                ret = achar;
+#else
+                if ( (record.Event.KeyEvent.uChar.AsciiChar & 0x80) == 0x80 ) {
+                        char *s = &record.Event.KeyEvent.uChar.AsciiChar;
+                        OemToCharBuff(s, s, 1);
+                }
+                ret = record.Event.KeyEvent.uChar.AsciiChar;
+#endif
+                if (state & (RIGHT_ALT_PRESSED|LEFT_ALT_PRESSED)) {
+                        switch (ret) {
+                        case '\b': ret = KEYCODE_ALT_BACKSPACE; goto done;
+                        case 'b': ret = KEYCODE_ALT_LEFT; goto done;
+                        case 'd': ret = KEYCODE_ALT_D; goto done;
+                        case 'f': ret = KEYCODE_ALT_RIGHT; goto done;
+                        }
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+ done:
+        SetConsoleMode(cin, mode);
+        return ret;
+}
diff --git a/win32/termios.h b/win32/termios.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c98d414f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/termios.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/* iflag bits */
+#define IGNBRK  0x00001
+#define BRKINT  0x00002
+#define IGNPAR  0x00004
+#define IMAXBEL 0x00008
+#define INPCK   0x00010
+#define ISTRIP  0x00020
+#define INLCR   0x00040
+#define IGNCR   0x00080
+#define ICRNL   0x00100
+#define IXON    0x00400
+#define IXOFF   0x01000
+#define IUCLC   0x04000
+#define IXANY   0x08000
+#define PARMRK  0x10000
+
+/* oflag bits */
+
+#define OPOST   0x00001
+#define OLCUC   0x00002
+#define OCRNL   0x00004
+#define ONLCR   0x00008
+#define ONOCR   0x00010
+#define ONLRET  0x00020
+#define OFILL   0x00040
+#define CRDLY   0x00180
+#define CR0     0x00000
+#define CR1     0x00080
+#define CR2     0x00100
+#define CR3     0x00180
+#define NLDLY   0x00200
+#define NL0     0x00000
+#define NL1     0x00200
+#define BSDLY   0x00400
+#define BS0     0x00000
+#define BS1     0x00400
+#define TABDLY  0x01800
+#define TAB0    0x00000
+#define TAB1    0x00800
+#define TAB2    0x01000
+#define TAB3    0x01800
+#define XTABS   0x01800
+#define VTDLY   0x02000
+#define VT0     0x00000
+#define VT1     0x02000
+#define FFDLY   0x04000
+#define FF0     0x00000
+#define FF1     0x04000
+#define OFDEL   0x08000
+
+/* lflag bits */
+#define ISIG    0x0001
+#define ICANON  0x0002
+#define ECHO    0x0004
+#define ECHOE   0x0008
+#define ECHOK   0x0010
+#define ECHONL  0x0020
+#define NOFLSH  0x0040
+#define TOSTOP  0x0080
+#define IEXTEN  0x0100
+#define FLUSHO  0x0200
+#define ECHOKE  0x0400
+#define ECHOCTL 0x0800
+
+#define VDISCARD        1
+#define VEOL            2
+#define VEOL2           3
+#define VEOF            4
+#define VERASE          5
+#define VINTR           6
+#define VKILL           7
+#define VLNEXT          8
+#define VMIN            9
+#define VQUIT           10
+#define VREPRINT        11
+#define VSTART          12
+#define VSTOP           13
+#define VSUSP           14
+#define VSWTC           15
+#define VTIME           16
+#define VWERASE 17
+
+#define TCIFLUSH        0
+#define TCSAFLUSH       1
+#define TCSANOW         2
+#define TCSADRAIN       3
+#define TCSADFLUSH      4
+
+#define  B0     0000000         /* hang up */
+#define  B50    0000001
+#define  B75    0000002
+#define  B110   0000003
+#define  B134   0000004
+#define  B150   0000005
+#define  B200   0000006
+#define  B300   0000007
+#define  B600   0000010
+#define  B1200  0000011
+#define  B1800  0000012
+#define  B2400  0000013
+#define  B4800  0000014
+#define  B9600  0000015
+
+typedef unsigned char cc_t;
+typedef unsigned int  tcflag_t;
+typedef unsigned int  speed_t;
+typedef unsigned short otcflag_t;
+typedef unsigned char ospeed_t;
+
+#define NCCS            18
+struct termios {
+        tcflag_t        c_iflag;
+        tcflag_t        c_oflag;
+        tcflag_t        c_cflag;
+        tcflag_t        c_lflag;
+        char            c_line;
+        cc_t            c_cc[NCCS];
+        speed_t         c_ispeed;
+        speed_t         c_ospeed;
+};
+
+struct winsize {
+        unsigned short ws_row, ws_col;
+        unsigned short ws_xpixel, ws_ypixel;
+};
diff --git a/win32/timegm.c b/win32/timegm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bfa041c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/timegm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+        timegm from musl (https://www.musl-libc.org/).
+
+        MIT licensed:
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+Copyright © 2005-2020 Rich Felker, et al.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
+#include "libbb.h"
+
+static long long __year_to_secs(long long year, int *is_leap)
+{
+        int cycles, centuries, leaps, rem;
+
+        if (year-2ULL <= 136) {
+                int y = year;
+                leaps = (y-68)>>2;
+                if (!((y-68)&3)) {
+                        leaps--;
+                        if (is_leap) *is_leap = 1;
+                } else if (is_leap) *is_leap = 0;
+                return 31536000*(y-70) + 86400*leaps;
+        }
+
+        if (!is_leap) is_leap = &(int){0};
+        cycles = (year-100) / 400;
+        rem = (year-100) % 400;
+        if (rem < 0) {
+                cycles--;
+                rem += 400;
+        }
+        if (!rem) {
+                *is_leap = 1;
+                centuries = 0;
+                leaps = 0;
+        } else {
+                if (rem >= 200) {
+                        if (rem >= 300) centuries = 3, rem -= 300;
+                        else centuries = 2, rem -= 200;
+                } else {
+                        if (rem >= 100) centuries = 1, rem -= 100;
+                        else centuries = 0;
+                }
+                if (!rem) {
+                        *is_leap = 0;
+                        leaps = 0;
+                } else {
+                        leaps = rem / 4U;
+                        rem %= 4U;
+                        *is_leap = !rem;
+                }
+        }
+
+        leaps += 97*cycles + 24*centuries - *is_leap;
+
+        return (year-100) * 31536000LL + leaps * 86400LL + 946684800 + 86400;
+}
+
+static int __month_to_secs(int month, int is_leap)
+{
+        static const int secs_through_month[] = {
+                0, 31*86400, 59*86400, 90*86400,
+                120*86400, 151*86400, 181*86400, 212*86400,
+                243*86400, 273*86400, 304*86400, 334*86400 };
+        int t = secs_through_month[month];
+        if (is_leap && month >= 2) t+=86400;
+        return t;
+}
+
+static long long __tm_to_secs(const struct tm *tm)
+{
+        int is_leap;
+        long long t;
+        long long year = tm->tm_year;
+        int month = tm->tm_mon;
+        if (month >= 12 || month < 0) {
+                int adj = month / 12;
+                month %= 12;
+                if (month < 0) {
+                        adj--;
+                        month += 12;
+                }
+                year += adj;
+        }
+        t = __year_to_secs(year, &is_leap);
+        t += __month_to_secs(month, is_leap);
+        t += 86400LL * (tm->tm_mday-1);
+        t += 3600LL * tm->tm_hour;
+        t += 60LL * tm->tm_min;
+        t += tm->tm_sec;
+        return t;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Restricted version of timegm:
+ *
+ *   it doesn't normalise its argument
+ *   its return value is limited to the range Microsoft supports
+ */
+time_t timegm(struct tm *tm)
+{
+        long long t = __tm_to_secs(tm);
+        if (t < 0 ||
+#ifdef _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
+                t > INT_MAX                     /* 2038-01-19 03:14:07Z */
+#else
+                t > 32535215999         /* 3000-12-31 23:59:59Z */
+#endif
+        ) {
+                errno = EOVERFLOW;
+                return -1;
+        }
+        return t;
+}
diff --git a/win32/uname.c b/win32/uname.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..357a6fc64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/uname.c
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "libbb.h"
+/* After libbb.h, since it needs sys/types.h on some systems */
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+
+int uname(struct utsname *name)
+{
+        const char *unk = "unknown";
+        OSVERSIONINFO os_info;
+        SYSTEM_INFO sys_info;
+
+        strcpy(name->sysname, "Windows_NT");
+
+        if ( gethostname(name->nodename, sizeof(name->nodename)) != 0 ) {
+                strcpy(name->nodename, unk);
+        }
+
+        memset(&os_info, 0, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO));
+        os_info.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);
+
+        GetVersionEx(&os_info);
+        sprintf(name->release, "%u.%u", (unsigned int)os_info.dwMajorVersion,
+                        (unsigned int)os_info.dwMinorVersion);
+        sprintf(name->version, "%u", (unsigned int)os_info.dwBuildNumber);
+
+        GetSystemInfo(&sys_info);
+        switch (sys_info.wProcessorArchitecture) {
+        case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64:
+                strcpy(name->machine, "x86_64");
+                break;
+        case PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL:
+                strcpy(name->machine, "i686");
+                if (sys_info.wProcessorLevel < 6) {
+                        name->machine[1] = '3';
+                }
+                break;
+        default:
+                strcpy(name->machine, unk);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/win32/winansi.c b/win32/winansi.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..622ba1c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/win32/winansi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Peter Harris <git@peter.is-a-geek.org>
+ */
+
+#include "libbb.h"
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "lazyload.h"
+#undef PACKED
+
+/*
+ Functions to be wrapped:
+*/
+#undef vfprintf
+#undef vprintf
+#undef printf
+#undef fprintf
+#undef fputs
+#undef fputc
+#undef putchar
+#undef fwrite
+#undef puts
+#undef write
+#undef read
+#undef getc
+
+#define FOREGROUND_ALL (FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
+#define BACKGROUND_ALL (BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE)
+
+static WORD plain_attr = 0xffff;
+static WORD current_attr;
+
+static HANDLE get_console(void)
+{
+        return GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+}
+
+static WORD get_console_attr(void)
+{
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+        if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(get_console(), &sbi))
+                return sbi.wAttributes;
+
+        return FOREGROUND_ALL;
+}
+
+static int is_console(int fd)
+{
+        if (plain_attr == 0xffff)
+                current_attr = plain_attr = get_console_attr();
+        return isatty(fd) && get_console() != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+static int is_console_in(int fd)
+{
+        return isatty(fd) && GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE) != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+static int is_wine(void)
+{
+        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(const char *, wine_get_version, void);
+
+        return INIT_PROC_ADDR(ntdll.dll, wine_get_version) != NULL;
+}
+
+#ifndef ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING
+#define ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING 0x0004
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DISABLE_NEWLINE_AUTO_RETURN
+#define DISABLE_NEWLINE_AUTO_RETURN 0x0008
+#endif
+
+int skip_ansi_emulation(int reset)
+{
+        static int skip = -1;
+
+        if (skip < 0 || reset) {
+                const char *var = getenv(bb_skip_ansi_emulation);
+                int dflt = is_wine() ? 0 : CONFIG_SKIP_ANSI_EMULATION_DEFAULT;
+                skip = var == NULL ? dflt : atoi(var);
+                if (skip < 0 || skip > 2)
+                        skip = 0;
+
+                if (is_console(STDOUT_FILENO)) {
+                        HANDLE h = get_console();
+                        DWORD mode;
+
+                        if (GetConsoleMode(h, &mode)) {
+                                if (skip)
+                                        mode |= ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
+                                else
+                                        mode &= ~ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
+                                mode &= ~DISABLE_NEWLINE_AUTO_RETURN;
+                                if (!SetConsoleMode(h, mode) && skip == 2)
+                                        skip = 0;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return skip;
+}
+
+void set_title(const char *str)
+{
+        if (is_console(STDOUT_FILENO))
+                SetConsoleTitle(str);
+}
+
+static HANDLE dup_handle(HANDLE h)
+{
+        HANDLE h2;
+
+        if (!DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), h, GetCurrentProcess(),
+                                                        &h2, 0, TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
+                return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        return h2;
+}
+
+static void use_alt_buffer(int flag)
+{
+        static HANDLE console_orig = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        const char *var;
+        HANDLE console, h;
+
+        var = getenv("BB_ALT_BUFFER");
+        if (var ? strcmp(var, "0") == 0 : is_wine()) {
+                reset_screen();
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (flag) {
+                SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
+                CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+                if (console_orig != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        return;
+
+                console = get_console();
+                console_orig = dup_handle(console);
+
+                // handle should be inheritable
+                memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+                sa.nLength = sizeof(sa);
+                /* sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL; - memset did it */
+                sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
+
+                // create new alternate buffer
+                h = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE,
+                                        FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, &sa,
+                                        CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, NULL);
+                if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        return;
+
+                if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi))
+                        SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(h, sbi.dwSize);
+        }
+        else {
+                if (console_orig == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        return;
+
+                // revert to original buffer
+                h = dup_handle(console_orig);
+                console_orig = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+                if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        return;
+        }
+
+        console = h;
+        SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(console);
+        close(STDOUT_FILENO);
+        _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)console, O_RDWR|O_BINARY);
+}
+
+static void clear_buffer(DWORD len, COORD pos)
+{
+        HANDLE console = get_console();
+        DWORD dummy;
+
+        FillConsoleOutputCharacterA(console, ' ', len, pos, &dummy);
+        FillConsoleOutputAttribute(console, plain_attr, len, pos, &dummy);
+}
+
+static void erase_in_line(void)
+{
+        HANDLE console = get_console();
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+        if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi))
+                return;
+        clear_buffer(sbi.dwSize.X - sbi.dwCursorPosition.X, sbi.dwCursorPosition);
+}
+
+static void erase_till_end_of_screen(void)
+{
+        HANDLE console = get_console();
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+        DWORD len;
+
+        if(!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi))
+                return;
+        len = sbi.dwSize.X - sbi.dwCursorPosition.X +
+                        sbi.dwSize.X * (sbi.srWindow.Bottom - sbi.dwCursorPosition.Y);
+        clear_buffer(len, sbi.dwCursorPosition);
+}
+
+void reset_screen(void)
+{
+        HANDLE console = get_console();
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+        COORD pos = { 0, 0 };
+
+        /* move to start of screen buffer and clear it all */
+        if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi))
+                return;
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, pos);
+        clear_buffer(sbi.dwSize.X * sbi.dwSize.Y, pos);
+}
+
+void move_cursor_row(int n)
+{
+        HANDLE console = get_console();
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+        if(!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi))
+                return;
+        sbi.dwCursorPosition.Y += n;
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, sbi.dwCursorPosition);
+}
+
+static void move_cursor_column(int n)
+{
+        HANDLE console = get_console();
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+        if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi))
+                return;
+        sbi.dwCursorPosition.X += n;
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, sbi.dwCursorPosition);
+}
+
+static void move_cursor(int x, int y)
+{
+        HANDLE console = get_console();
+        COORD pos;
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+
+        if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi))
+                return;
+        pos.X = sbi.srWindow.Left + x;
+        pos.Y = sbi.srWindow.Top + y;
+        SetConsoleCursorPosition(console, pos);
+}
+
+static const unsigned char colour_1bit[16] = {
+        /* Black */   0,
+        /* Red   */   FOREGROUND_RED,
+        /* Green */   FOREGROUND_GREEN,
+        /* Yellow */  FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN,
+        /* Blue */    FOREGROUND_BLUE,
+        /* Magenta */ FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE,
+        /* Cyan */    FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE,
+        /* White */   FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE,
+        /* ... and again but brighter */
+        FOREGROUND_INTENSITY,
+        FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY,
+        FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY,
+        FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY,
+        FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY,
+        FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY,
+        FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY,
+        FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY
+};
+
+#if !ENABLE_FEATURE_IMPROVED_COLOUR_MAPPING
+static WORD rgb_to_console(int *rgb)
+{
+        int dark = 0, bright;
+        WORD attr = 0;
+
+        if (rgb[0] > 85)
+                attr |= FOREGROUND_RED;
+        else
+                ++dark;
+
+        if (rgb[1] > 85)
+                attr |= FOREGROUND_GREEN;
+        else
+                ++dark;
+
+        if (rgb[2] > 85)
+                attr |= FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+        else
+                ++dark;
+
+        /* increase intensity if all components are either bright or
+         * dark and at least one is bright */
+        bright = (rgb[0] > 171) + (rgb[1] > 171) + (rgb[2] > 171);
+        if (bright + dark == 3 && dark != 3) {
+                attr |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+        }
+
+        return attr;
+}
+#else
+#include <math.h>
+
+/* Standard console colours in LAB colour space */
+static float colour_lab[16][3] = {
+        {-0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000},
+        {25.530788, 48.055233, 38.059635},
+        {46.228817, -51.699638, 49.897949},
+        {51.868336, -12.930751, 56.677288},
+        {12.975313, 47.507763, -64.704285},
+        {29.782101, 58.939846, -36.497940},
+        {48.256081, -28.841570, -8.481050},
+        {77.704361, 0.004262, -0.008416},
+        {53.585018, 0.003129, -0.006235},
+        {53.232883, 80.109299, 67.220078},
+        {87.737038, -86.184654, 83.181168},
+        {97.138245, -21.555901, 94.482483},
+        {32.302586, 79.196678, -107.863686},
+        {60.319931, 98.254234, -60.842991},
+        {91.116524, -48.079609, -14.138126},
+        {100.000000, 0.005245, -0.010419},
+};
+
+/* Convert RGB to XYZ and XYZ to LAB.  See:
+ * http://www.easyrgb.com/en/math.php#text1 */
+static void rgb2lab(const int *rgb, float *lab)
+{
+        float var_RGB[3], var_XYZ[3];
+        int i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+                var_RGB[i] = rgb[i]/255.0f;
+                if (var_RGB[i] > 0.04045f)
+                        var_RGB[i] = pow((var_RGB[i] + 0.055f) / 1.055f, 2.4f);
+                else
+                        var_RGB[i] /= 12.92f;
+        }
+
+        /* use equal energy reference values */
+        var_XYZ[0] = var_RGB[0]*0.4124f + var_RGB[1]*0.3576f + var_RGB[2]*0.1805f;
+        var_XYZ[1] = var_RGB[0]*0.2126f + var_RGB[1]*0.7152f + var_RGB[2]*0.0722f;
+        var_XYZ[2] = var_RGB[0]*0.0193f + var_RGB[1]*0.1192f + var_RGB[2]*0.9505f;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+                if (var_XYZ[i] > 0.008856f)
+                        var_XYZ[i] = pow(var_XYZ[i], 1.0f / 3.0f);
+                else
+                        var_XYZ[i] = 7.787f * var_XYZ[i] + 16.0f / 116.0f;
+        }
+
+        lab[0] = 116.0f * var_XYZ[1] - 16.0f;
+        lab[1] = 500.0f * (var_XYZ[0] - var_XYZ[1]);
+        lab[2] = 200.0f * (var_XYZ[1] - var_XYZ[2]);
+}
+
+static WORD rgb_to_console(int *rgb)
+{
+        int i, imin = 0;
+        float deltamin = 1.0e20;
+
+        /* Use 1976 CIE deltaE to find closest console colour.  See:
+         * https://zschuessler.github.io/DeltaE/learn */
+        for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+                float lab[3], dl, da, db, delta;
+
+                rgb2lab(rgb, lab);
+                dl = colour_lab[i][0] - lab[0];
+                da = colour_lab[i][1] - lab[1];
+                db = colour_lab[i][2] - lab[2];
+                delta = dl * dl + da * da + db *db;
+                if (delta < deltamin) {
+                        imin = i;
+                        deltamin = delta;
+                }
+        }
+        return colour_1bit[imin];
+}
+#endif
+
+/* 24-bit colour */
+static char *process_24bit(char *str, WORD *attr)
+{
+        int count;
+        int rgb[3];
+
+        for (count = 0; count < 3; ++count) {
+                rgb[count] = strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10);
+                if (*str == ';')
+                        ++str;
+        }
+
+        *attr = rgb_to_console(rgb);
+
+        return *(str - 1) == ';' ? str - 1 : str;
+}
+
+/* 8-bit colour */
+static char *process_8bit(char *str, WORD *attr)
+{
+        int val = strtol(str, &str, 10);
+
+        if (val < 16) {
+                *attr = colour_1bit[val];
+        }
+        else if (val < 232) {
+                int i, rgb[3];
+
+                val -= 16;
+                for (i = 2; i >= 0; --i) {
+                        rgb[i] = (val % 6) * 42 + 21;
+                        val /= 6;
+                }
+
+                *attr = rgb_to_console(rgb);
+        }
+        else if (val < 238) {
+                /* black */
+                *attr = 0;
+        }
+        else if (val < 244) {
+                /* bright black */
+                *attr = FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+        }
+        else if (val < 250) {
+                /* white */
+                *attr = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;
+        }
+        else if (val < 256) {
+                /* bright white */
+                *attr = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE |
+                                        FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+        }
+
+        return str;
+}
+
+static char *process_colour(char *str, WORD *attr)
+{
+        long val = strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10);
+
+        *attr = -1;     /* error return */
+        switch (val) {
+        case 2:
+                str = process_24bit(str + 1, attr);
+                break;
+        case 5:
+                str = process_8bit(str + 1, attr);
+                break;
+        default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return str;
+}
+
+/* On input pos points to the start of a suspected escape sequence.
+ * If a valid sequence is found return a pointer to the character
+ * following it, otherwise return the original pointer. */
+static char *process_escape(char *pos)
+{
+        char *str, *func;
+        char *bel;
+        size_t len;
+        WORD t, attr = current_attr;
+        static int reverse = 0;
+
+        switch (pos[1]) {
+        case '[':
+                /* go ahead and process "\033[" sequence */
+                break;
+        case ']':
+                if ((pos[2] == '0' || pos[2] == '2') && pos[3] == ';' &&
+                                (bel=strchr(pos+4, '\007')) && bel - pos < 260) {
+                        /* set console title */
+                        *bel++ = '\0';
+                        CharToOem(pos+4, pos+4);
+                        SetConsoleTitle(pos+4);
+                        return bel;
+                }
+                /* invalid "\033]" sequence, fall through */
+        default:
+                return pos;
+        }
+
+        str = pos + 2;
+        len = strspn(str, "0123456789;");
+        func = str + len;
+        switch (*func) {
+        case 'm':
+                do {
+                        long val = strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10);
+                        switch (val) {
+                        case 0: /* reset */
+                                attr = plain_attr;
+                                reverse = 0;
+                                break;
+                        case 1: /* bold */
+                                attr |= FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+                                break;
+                        case 2:  /* faint */
+                        case 22: /* normal */
+                                attr &= ~FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+                                break;
+                        case 3:  /* italic */
+                                /* Unsupported */
+                                break;
+                        case 4:  /* underline */
+                        case 21: /* double underline */
+                                /* Wikipedia says this flag does nothing */
+                                /* Furthermore, mingw doesn't define this flag
+                                attr |= COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE; */
+                                break;
+                        case 24: /* no underline */
+                                /* attr &= ~COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE; */
+                                break;
+                        case 5:  /* slow blink */
+                        case 6:  /* fast blink */
+                                /* We don't have blink, but we do have
+                                   background intensity */
+                                attr |= BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+                                break;
+                        case 25: /* no blink */
+                                attr &= ~BACKGROUND_INTENSITY;
+                                break;
+                        case 7:  /* reverse video on */
+                                reverse = 1;
+                                break;
+                        case 27: /* reverse video off */
+                                reverse = 0;
+                                break;
+                        case 8:  /* conceal */
+                        case 9:  /* strike through */
+                        case 28: /* reveal */
+                                /* Unsupported */
+                                break;
+
+                        /* Foreground colours */
+                        case 30: /* Black */
+                        case 31: /* Red */
+                        case 32: /* Green */
+                        case 33: /* Yellow */
+                        case 34: /* Blue */
+                        case 35: /* Magenta */
+                        case 36: /* Cyan */
+                        case 37: /* White */
+                                attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+                                attr |= colour_1bit[val - 30];
+                                break;
+                        case 38: /* 8/24 bit */
+                                str = process_colour(str + 1, &t);
+                                if (t != -1) {
+                                        attr &= ~(FOREGROUND_ALL|FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+                                        attr |= t;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        case 39: /* reset */
+                                attr &= ~FOREGROUND_ALL;
+                                attr |= (plain_attr & FOREGROUND_ALL);
+                                break;
+
+                        /* Background colours */
+                        case 40: /* Black */
+                        case 41: /* Red */
+                        case 42: /* Green */
+                        case 43: /* Yellow */
+                        case 44: /* Blue */
+                        case 45: /* Magenta */
+                        case 46: /* Cyan */
+                        case 47: /* White */
+                                attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+                                attr |= colour_1bit[val - 40] << 4;
+                                break;
+                        case 48: /* 8/24 bit */
+                                str = process_colour(str + 1, &t);
+                                if (t != -1) {
+                                        attr &= ~(BACKGROUND_ALL|BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
+                                        attr |= t << 4;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        case 49: /* reset */
+                                attr &= ~BACKGROUND_ALL;
+                                attr |= (plain_attr & BACKGROUND_ALL);
+                                break;
+
+                        default:
+                                /* Unsupported code */
+                                return pos;
+                        }
+                        str++;
+                } while (str < func);
+
+                current_attr = attr;
+                if (reverse)
+                        attr = ((attr >> 4) & 0xf) | ((attr << 4) & 0xf0);
+                SetConsoleTextAttribute(get_console(), attr);
+                break;
+        case 'A': /* up */
+                move_cursor_row(-strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10));
+                break;
+        case 'B': /* down */
+                move_cursor_row(strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10));
+                break;
+        case 'C': /* forward */
+                move_cursor_column(strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10));
+                break;
+        case 'D': /* back */
+                move_cursor_column(-strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10));
+                break;
+        case 'H':
+                if (!len)
+                        move_cursor(0, 0);
+                else {
+                        int row, col = 1;
+
+                        row = strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10);
+                        if (*str == ';') {
+                                col = strtol(str+1, (char **)&str, 10);
+                        }
+                        move_cursor(col > 0 ? col-1 : 0, row > 0 ? row-1 : 0);
+                }
+                break;
+        case 'J':
+                erase_till_end_of_screen();
+                break;
+        case 'K':
+                erase_in_line();
+                break;
+        case '?':
+                if (strncmp(str+1, "1049", 4) == 0 &&
+                                (str[5] == 'h' || str[5] == 'l') ) {
+                        use_alt_buffer(str[5] == 'h');
+                        func = str + 5;
+                        break;
+                }
+                /* fall through */
+        default:
+                /* Unsupported code */
+                return pos;
+        }
+
+        return (char *)func + 1;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_FEATURE_EURO
+void init_codepage(void)
+{
+        if (GetConsoleCP() == 850 && GetConsoleOutputCP() == 850) {
+                SetConsoleCP(858);
+                SetConsoleOutputCP(858);
+        }
+}
+
+static BOOL winansi_CharToOemBuff(LPCSTR s, LPSTR d, DWORD len)
+{
+        WCHAR *buf;
+        int i;
+
+        if (!s || !d)
+                return FALSE;
+
+        buf = xmalloc(len*sizeof(WCHAR));
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, s, len, buf, len);
+        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_OEMCP, 0, buf, len, d, len, NULL, NULL);
+        if (GetConsoleOutputCP() == 858) {
+                for (i=0; i<len; ++i) {
+                        if (buf[i] == 0x20ac) {
+                                d[i] = 0xd5;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        free(buf);
+        return TRUE;
+}
+
+static BOOL winansi_CharToOem(LPCSTR s, LPSTR d)
+{
+        if (!s || !d)
+                return FALSE;
+        return winansi_CharToOemBuff(s, d, strlen(s)+1);
+}
+
+static BOOL winansi_OemToCharBuff(LPCSTR s, LPSTR d, DWORD len)
+{
+        WCHAR *buf;
+        int i;
+
+        if (!s || !d)
+                return FALSE;
+
+        buf = xmalloc(len*sizeof(WCHAR));
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_OEMCP, 0, s, len, buf, len);
+        WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, buf, len, d, len, NULL, NULL);
+        if (GetConsoleOutputCP() == 858) {
+                for (i=0; i<len; ++i) {
+                        if (buf[i] == 0x0131) {
+                                d[i] = 0x80;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        free(buf);
+        return TRUE;
+}
+
+# undef CharToOemBuff
+# undef CharToOem
+# undef OemToCharBuff
+# define CharToOemBuff winansi_CharToOemBuff
+# define CharToOem winansi_CharToOem
+# define OemToCharBuff winansi_OemToCharBuff
+#endif
+
+static int ansi_emulate(const char *s, FILE *stream)
+{
+        int rv = 0;
+        const unsigned char *t;
+        char *pos, *str;
+        size_t cur_len;
+        static size_t max_len = 0;
+        static char *mem = NULL;
+
+        /* if no special treatment is required output the string as-is */
+        for ( t=(unsigned char *)s; *t; ++t ) {
+                if ( *t == '\033' || *t > 0x7f ) {
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if ( *t == '\0' ) {
+                return fputs(s, stream) == EOF ? EOF : strlen(s);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Make a writable copy of the string and retain array for reuse.
+         * The test above guarantees that the string length won't be zero
+         * so the array will always be allocated.
+         */
+        cur_len = strlen(s);
+        if ( cur_len > max_len ) {
+                free(mem);
+                mem = xstrdup(s);
+                max_len = cur_len;
+        }
+        else {
+                strcpy(mem, s);
+        }
+        pos = str = mem;
+
+        while (*pos) {
+                pos = strchr(str, '\033');
+                if (pos && !skip_ansi_emulation(FALSE)) {
+                        size_t len = pos - str;
+
+                        if (len) {
+                                *pos = '\0';    /* NB, '\033' has been overwritten */
+                                CharToOem(str, str);
+                                if (fputs(str, stream) == EOF)
+                                        return EOF;
+                                rv += len;
+                        }
+
+                        if (fflush(stream) == EOF)
+                                return EOF;
+
+                        str = process_escape(pos);
+                        if (str == pos) {
+                                if (fputc('\033', stream) == EOF)
+                                        return EOF;
+                                ++str;
+                        }
+                        rv += str - pos;
+                        pos = str;
+
+                        if (fflush(stream) == EOF)
+                                return EOF;
+
+                } else {
+                        rv += strlen(str);
+                        CharToOem(str, str);
+                        return fputs(str, stream) == EOF ? EOF : rv;
+                }
+        }
+        return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_putchar(int c)
+{
+        char t = c;
+        char *s = &t;
+
+        if (!is_console(STDOUT_FILENO))
+                return putchar(c);
+
+        CharToOemBuff(s, s, 1);
+        return putchar(t) == EOF ? EOF : (unsigned char)c;
+}
+
+int winansi_puts(const char *s)
+{
+        return (winansi_fputs(s, stdout) == EOF || putchar('\n') == EOF) ? EOF : 0;
+}
+
+static sighandler_t sigpipe_handler = SIG_DFL;
+
+#undef signal
+sighandler_t winansi_signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler)
+{
+        sighandler_t old;
+
+        if (signum == SIGPIPE) {
+                old = sigpipe_handler;
+                sigpipe_handler = handler;
+                return old;
+        }
+        return signal(signum, handler);
+}
+
+static void check_pipe_fd(int fd)
+{
+        int error = GetLastError();
+
+        if ((error == ERROR_NO_DATA &&
+                        GetFileType((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd)) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE) ||
+                        error == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) {
+                if (sigpipe_handler == SIG_DFL)
+                        exit(128+SIGPIPE);
+                else /* SIG_IGN */
+                        errno = EPIPE;
+        }
+}
+
+static void check_pipe(FILE *stream)
+{
+        int fd = fileno(stream);
+
+        if (fd != -1 && ferror(stream)) {
+                check_pipe_fd(fd);
+        }
+}
+
+size_t winansi_fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream)
+{
+        size_t lsize, lmemb, ret;
+        char *str;
+        int rv;
+
+        lsize = MIN(size, nmemb);
+        lmemb = MAX(size, nmemb);
+        if (lsize != 1 || !is_console(fileno(stream))) {
+                SetLastError(0);
+                if ((ret=fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream)) < nmemb)
+                        check_pipe(stream);
+                return ret;
+        }
+
+        str = xmalloc(lmemb+1);
+        memcpy(str, ptr, lmemb);
+        str[lmemb] = '\0';
+
+        rv = ansi_emulate(str, stream);
+        free(str);
+
+        return rv == EOF ? 0 : nmemb;
+}
+
+int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream)
+{
+        int ret;
+
+        if (!is_console(fileno(stream))) {
+                SetLastError(0);
+                if ((ret=fputs(str, stream)) == EOF)
+                        check_pipe(stream);
+                return ret;
+        }
+
+        return ansi_emulate(str, stream) == EOF ? EOF : 0;
+}
+
+int winansi_fputc(int c, FILE *stream)
+{
+        int ret;
+        char t = c;
+        char *s = &t;
+
+        if (!is_console(fileno(stream))) {
+                SetLastError(0);
+                if ((ret=fputc(c, stream)) == EOF)
+                        check_pipe(stream);
+                return ret;
+        }
+
+        CharToOemBuff(s, s, 1);
+        return fputc(t, stream) == EOF ? EOF : (unsigned char )c;
+}
+
+#if !defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO) || !__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
+/*
+ * Prior to Windows 10 vsnprintf was incompatible with the C99 standard.
+ * Implement a replacement using _vsnprintf.
+ */
+int winansi_vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *format, va_list list)
+{
+        size_t len;
+        va_list list2;
+
+        va_copy(list2, list);
+        len = _vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, list2);
+        va_end(list2);
+        if (len < 0)
+                return -1;
+
+        _vsnprintf(buf, size, format, list);
+        buf[size-1] = '\0';
+        return len;
+}
+#endif
+
+int winansi_vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list list)
+{
+        int len, rv;
+        char small_buf[256];
+        char *buf = small_buf;
+        va_list cp;
+
+        if (!is_console(fileno(stream)))
+                goto abort;
+
+        va_copy(cp, list);
+        len = vsnprintf(small_buf, sizeof(small_buf), format, cp);
+        va_end(cp);
+
+        if (len > sizeof(small_buf) - 1) {
+                buf = xmalloc(len + 1);
+                va_copy(cp, list);
+                len = vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, format, cp);
+                va_end(cp);
+        }
+
+        if (len == -1)
+                goto abort;
+
+        rv = ansi_emulate(buf, stream);
+
+        if (buf != small_buf)
+                free(buf);
+        return rv;
+
+abort:
+        SetLastError(0);
+        if ((rv=vfprintf(stream, format, list)) == EOF || ferror(stream) != 0)
+                check_pipe(stream);
+        return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+{
+        va_list list;
+        int rv;
+
+        va_start(list, format);
+        rv = winansi_vfprintf(stream, format, list);
+        va_end(list);
+
+        return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+        va_list list;
+        int rv;
+
+        va_start(list, format);
+        rv = winansi_vfprintf(stdout, format, list);
+        va_end(list);
+
+        return rv;
+}
+
+static int ansi_emulate_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        int rv = 0, i;
+        int special = FALSE, has_null = FALSE;
+        const unsigned char *s = (const unsigned char *)buf;
+        char *pos, *str;
+        size_t len, out_len;
+        static size_t max_len = 0;
+        static char *mem = NULL;
+
+        for ( i=0; i<count; ++i ) {
+                if ( s[i] == '\033' || s[i] > 0x7f ) {
+                        special = TRUE;
+                }
+                else if ( !s[i] ) {
+                        has_null = TRUE;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * If no special treatment is required or the data contains NUL
+         * characters output the string as-is.
+         */
+        if ( !special || has_null ) {
+                return write(fd, buf, count);
+        }
+
+        /* make a writable copy of the data and retain array for reuse */
+        if ( count > max_len ) {
+                free(mem);
+                mem = malloc(count+1);
+                max_len = count;
+        }
+        memcpy(mem, buf, count);
+        mem[count] = '\0';
+        pos = str = mem;
+
+        /* we've checked the data doesn't contain any NULs */
+        while (*pos) {
+                pos = strchr(str, '\033');
+                if (pos && !skip_ansi_emulation(FALSE)) {
+                        len = pos - str;
+
+                        if (len) {
+                                CharToOemBuff(str, str, len);
+                                out_len = write(fd, str, len);
+                                if (out_len == -1)
+                                        return -1;
+                                rv += out_len;
+                        }
+
+                        str = process_escape(pos);
+                        if (str == pos) {
+                                if (write(fd, pos, 1) == -1)
+                                        return -1;
+                                ++str;
+                        }
+                        rv += str - pos;
+                        pos = str;
+                } else {
+                        len = strlen(str);
+                        CharToOem(str, str);
+                        out_len = write(fd, str, len);
+                        return (out_len == -1) ? -1 : rv+out_len;
+                }
+        }
+        return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        if (!is_console(fd)) {
+                int ret;
+
+                SetLastError(0);
+                if ((ret=write(fd, buf, count)) == -1) {
+                        check_pipe_fd(fd);
+                }
+                return ret;
+        }
+
+        return ansi_emulate_write(fd, buf, count);
+}
+
+int winansi_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        int rv;
+
+        rv = mingw_read(fd, buf, count);
+        if (!is_console_in(fd))
+                return rv;
+
+        if ( rv > 0 ) {
+                OemToCharBuff(buf, buf, rv);
+        }
+
+        return rv;
+}
+
+int winansi_getc(FILE *stream)
+{
+        int rv;
+
+        rv = getc(stream);
+        if (!is_console_in(fileno(stream)))
+                return rv;
+
+        if ( rv != EOF ) {
+                unsigned char c = (unsigned char)rv;
+                char *s = (char *)&c;
+                OemToCharBuff(s, s, 1);
+                rv = (int)c;
+        }
+
+        return rv;
+}
+
+/* Ensure that isatty(fd) returns 0 for the NUL device */
+int mingw_isatty(int fd)
+{
+        int result = _isatty(fd);
+
+        if (result) {
+                HANDLE handle = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
+                DWORD mode;
+
+                if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* check if its a device (i.e. console, printer, serial port) */
+                if (GetFileType(handle) != FILE_TYPE_CHAR)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (!GetConsoleMode(handle, &mode))
+                        return 0;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+}