From f98977b2dac48fc66822402b095336e683715126 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Caleb Maclennan Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2022 00:09:53 +0300 Subject: Move doc→docs so we can serve it with GitHub Pages MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- doc/http.html | 339 ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 339 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 doc/http.html (limited to 'doc/http.html') diff --git a/doc/http.html b/doc/http.html deleted file mode 100644 index 52b8a30..0000000 --- a/doc/http.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,339 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -LuaSocket: HTTP support - - - - - - - -
-
-
- - - -
-LuaSocket -
Network support for the Lua language -
-

-home · -download · -introduction · -introduction · -reference -

-
-
-
- - - -

HTTP

- -

-HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used to exchange -information between web-browsers and servers. The http -namespace offers full support for the client side of the HTTP -protocol (i.e., -the facilities that would be used by a web-browser implementation). The -implementation conforms to the HTTP/1.1 standard, -RFC 2616. -

- -

-The module exports functions that provide HTTP functionality in different -levels of abstraction. From the simple -string oriented requests, through generic -LTN12 based, down to even lower-level if you bother to look through the source code. -

- -

-To obtain the http namespace, run: -

- -
--- loads the HTTP module and any libraries it requires
-local http = require("socket.http")
-
- -

-URLs must conform to -RFC 1738, -that is, an URL is a string in the form: -

- -
-
-[http://][<user>[:<password>]@]<host>[:<port>][/<path>]
-
-
- -

-MIME headers are represented as a Lua table in the form: -

- -
- - -
-headers = {
-  field-1-name = field-1-value,
-  field-2-name = field-2-value,
-  field-3-name = field-3-value,
-  ...
-  field-n-name = field-n-value
-} -
-
- -

-Field names are case insensitive (as specified by the standard) and all -functions work with lowercase field names (but see -socket.headers.canonic). -Field values are left unmodified. -

- -

-Note: MIME headers are independent of order. Therefore, there is no problem -in representing them in a Lua table. -

- -

-The following constants can be set to control the default behavior of -the HTTP module: -

- - - -

-Note: These constants are global. Changing them will also -change the behavior other code that might be using LuaSocket. -

- - - -

-http.request(url [, body])
-http.request{
-  url = string,
-  [sink = LTN12 sink,]
-  [method = string,]
-  [headers = header-table,]
-  [source = LTN12 source],
-  [step = LTN12 pump step,]
-  [proxy = string,]
-  [redirect = boolean,]
-  [create = function,]
-  [maxredirects = number]
-} -

- -

-The request function has two forms. The simple form downloads -a URL using the GET or POST method and is based -on strings. The generic form performs any HTTP method and is -LTN12 based. -

- -

-If the first argument of the request function is a string, it -should be an url. In that case, if a body -is provided as a string, the function will perform a POST method -in the url. Otherwise, it performs a GET in the -url -

- -

-If the first argument is instead a table, the most important fields are -the url and the simple -LTN12 -sink that will receive the downloaded content. -Any part of the url can be overridden by including -the appropriate field in the request table. -If authentication information is provided, the function -uses the Basic Authentication Scheme (see note) -to retrieve the document. If sink is nil, the -function discards the downloaded data. The optional parameters are the -following: -

- - -

-In case of failure, the function returns nil followed by an -error message. If successful, the simple form returns the response -body as a string, followed by the response status code, the response -headers and the response status line. The generic function returns the same -information, except the first return value is just the number 1 (the body -goes to the sink). -

- -

-Even when the server fails to provide the contents of the requested URL (URL not found, for example), -it usually returns a message body (a web page informing the -URL was not found or some other useless page). To make sure the -operation was successful, check the returned status code. For -a list of the possible values and their meanings, refer to RFC 2616. -

- -

-Here are a few examples with the simple interface: -

- -
--- load the http module
-local io = require("io")
-local http = require("socket.http")
-local ltn12 = require("ltn12")
-
--- connect to server "www.cs.princeton.edu" and retrieves this manual
--- file from "~diego/professional/luasocket/http.html" and print it to stdout
-http.request{
-    url = "http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/professional/luasocket/http.html",
-    sink = ltn12.sink.file(io.stdout)
-}
-
--- connect to server "www.example.com" and tries to retrieve
--- "/private/index.html". Fails because authentication is needed.
-b, c, h = http.request("http://www.example.com/private/index.html")
--- b returns some useless page telling about the denied access,
--- h returns authentication information
--- and c returns with value 401 (Authentication Required)
-
--- tries to connect to server "wrong.host" to retrieve "/"
--- and fails because the host does not exist.
-r, e = http.request("http://wrong.host/")
--- r is nil, and e returns with value "host not found"
-
- -

-And here is an example using the generic interface: -

- -
--- load the http module
-http = require("socket.http")
-
--- Requests information about a document, without downloading it.
--- Useful, for example, if you want to display a download gauge and need
--- to know the size of the document in advance
-r, c, h = http.request {
-  method = "HEAD",
-  url = "http://www.tecgraf.puc-rio.br/~diego"
-}
--- r is 1, c is 200, and h would return the following headers:
--- h = {
---   date = "Tue, 18 Sep 2001 20:42:21 GMT",
---   server = "Apache/1.3.12 (Unix)  (Red Hat/Linux)",
---   ["last-modified"] = "Wed, 05 Sep 2001 06:11:20 GMT",
---   ["content-length"] = 15652,
---   ["connection"] = "close",
---   ["content-Type"] = "text/html"
--- }
-
- -

-Note: When sending a POST request, simple interface adds a -"Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -header to the request. This is the type used by -HTML forms. If you need another type, use the generic -interface. -

- -

-Note: Some URLs are protected by their -servers from anonymous download. For those URLs, the server must receive -some sort of authentication along with the request or it will deny -download and return status "401 Authentication Required". -

- -

-The HTTP/1.1 standard defines two authentication methods: the Basic -Authentication Scheme and the Digest Authentication Scheme, both -explained in detail in -RFC 2068. -

- -

The Basic Authentication Scheme sends -<user> and -<password> unencrypted to the server and is therefore -considered unsafe. Unfortunately, by the time of this implementation, -the wide majority of servers and browsers support the Basic Scheme only. -Therefore, this is the method used by the toolkit whenever -authentication is required. -

- -
--- load required modules
-http = require("socket.http")
-mime = require("mime")
-
--- Connect to server "www.example.com" and tries to retrieve
--- "/private/index.html", using the provided name and password to
--- authenticate the request
-b, c, h = http.request("http://fulano:silva@www.example.com/private/index.html")
-
--- Alternatively, one could fill the appropriate header and authenticate
--- the request directly.
-r, c = http.request {
-  url = "http://www.example.com/private/index.html",
-  headers = { authorization = "Basic " .. (mime.b64("fulano:silva")) }
-}
-
- - - -
-
-
-

-home · -download · -installation · -introduction · -reference -

-

- -Last modified by Eric Westbrook on
-Sat Feb 23 19:09:42 UTC 2019 - -

-
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