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1/* $OpenBSD: bcrypt.c,v 1.24 2008/04/02 19:54:05 millert Exp $ */
2
3/*
4 * Copyright 1997 Niels Provos <provos@physnet.uni-hamburg.de>
5 * All rights reserved.
6 *
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 * are met:
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16 * must display the following acknowledgement:
17 * This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
18 * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
19 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
20 *
21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
22 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
23 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
24 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
26 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
27 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
28 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
29 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
30 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
31 */
32
33/* This password hashing algorithm was designed by David Mazieres
34 * <dm@lcs.mit.edu> and works as follows:
35 *
36 * 1. state := InitState ()
37 * 2. state := ExpandKey (state, salt, password) 3.
38 * REPEAT rounds:
39 * state := ExpandKey (state, 0, salt)
40 * state := ExpandKey(state, 0, password)
41 * 4. ctext := "OrpheanBeholderScryDoubt"
42 * 5. REPEAT 64:
43 * ctext := Encrypt_ECB (state, ctext);
44 * 6. RETURN Concatenate (salt, ctext);
45 *
46 */
47
48#include <stdio.h>
49#include <stdlib.h>
50#include <sys/types.h>
51#include <string.h>
52#include <pwd.h>
53#include <blf.h>
54
55/* This implementation is adaptable to current computing power.
56 * You can have up to 2^31 rounds which should be enough for some
57 * time to come.
58 */
59
60#define BCRYPT_VERSION '2'
61#define BCRYPT_MAXSALT 16 /* Precomputation is just so nice */
62#define BCRYPT_BLOCKS 6 /* Ciphertext blocks */
63#define BCRYPT_MINROUNDS 16 /* we have log2(rounds) in salt */
64
65char *bcrypt_gensalt(u_int8_t);
66
67static void encode_salt(char *, u_int8_t *, u_int16_t, u_int8_t);
68static void encode_base64(u_int8_t *, u_int8_t *, u_int16_t);
69static void decode_base64(u_int8_t *, u_int16_t, u_int8_t *);
70
71static char encrypted[_PASSWORD_LEN];
72static char gsalt[7 + (BCRYPT_MAXSALT * 4 + 2) / 3 + 1];
73static char error[] = ":";
74
75const static u_int8_t Base64Code[] =
76"./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
77
78const static u_int8_t index_64[128] = {
79 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
80 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
81 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
82 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255,
83 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 0, 1, 54, 55,
84 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 255, 255,
85 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
86 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
87 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
88 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 28, 29, 30,
89 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
90 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,
91 51, 52, 53, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255
92};
93#define CHAR64(c) ( (c) > 127 ? 255 : index_64[(c)])
94
95static void
96decode_base64(u_int8_t *buffer, u_int16_t len, u_int8_t *data)
97{
98 u_int8_t *bp = buffer;
99 u_int8_t *p = data;
100 u_int8_t c1, c2, c3, c4;
101 while (bp < buffer + len) {
102 c1 = CHAR64(*p);
103 c2 = CHAR64(*(p + 1));
104
105 /* Invalid data */
106 if (c1 == 255 || c2 == 255)
107 break;
108
109 *bp++ = (c1 << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4);
110 if (bp >= buffer + len)
111 break;
112
113 c3 = CHAR64(*(p + 2));
114 if (c3 == 255)
115 break;
116
117 *bp++ = ((c2 & 0x0f) << 4) | ((c3 & 0x3c) >> 2);
118 if (bp >= buffer + len)
119 break;
120
121 c4 = CHAR64(*(p + 3));
122 if (c4 == 255)
123 break;
124 *bp++ = ((c3 & 0x03) << 6) | c4;
125
126 p += 4;
127 }
128}
129
130static void
131encode_salt(char *salt, u_int8_t *csalt, u_int16_t clen, u_int8_t logr)
132{
133 salt[0] = '$';
134 salt[1] = BCRYPT_VERSION;
135 salt[2] = 'a';
136 salt[3] = '$';
137
138 snprintf(salt + 4, 4, "%2.2u$", logr);
139
140 encode_base64((u_int8_t *) salt + 7, csalt, clen);
141}
142/* Generates a salt for this version of crypt.
143 Since versions may change. Keeping this here
144 seems sensible.
145 */
146
147char *
148bcrypt_gensalt(u_int8_t log_rounds)
149{
150 u_int8_t csalt[BCRYPT_MAXSALT];
151 u_int16_t i;
152 u_int32_t seed = 0;
153
154 for (i = 0; i < BCRYPT_MAXSALT; i++) {
155 if (i % 4 == 0)
156 seed = arc4random();
157 csalt[i] = seed & 0xff;
158 seed = seed >> 8;
159 }
160
161 if (log_rounds < 4)
162 log_rounds = 4;
163 else if (log_rounds > 31)
164 log_rounds = 31;
165
166 encode_salt(gsalt, csalt, BCRYPT_MAXSALT, log_rounds);
167 return gsalt;
168}
169/* We handle $Vers$log2(NumRounds)$salt+passwd$
170 i.e. $2$04$iwouldntknowwhattosayetKdJ6iFtacBqJdKe6aW7ou */
171
172char *
173bcrypt(const char *key, const char *salt)
174{
175 blf_ctx state;
176 u_int32_t rounds, i, k;
177 u_int16_t j;
178 u_int8_t key_len, salt_len, logr, minor;
179 u_int8_t ciphertext[4 * BCRYPT_BLOCKS] = "OrpheanBeholderScryDoubt";
180 u_int8_t csalt[BCRYPT_MAXSALT];
181 u_int32_t cdata[BCRYPT_BLOCKS];
182 int n;
183
184 /* Discard "$" identifier */
185 salt++;
186
187 if (*salt > BCRYPT_VERSION) {
188 /* How do I handle errors ? Return ':' */
189 return error;
190 }
191
192 /* Check for minor versions */
193 if (salt[1] != '$') {
194 switch (salt[1]) {
195 case 'a':
196 /* 'ab' should not yield the same as 'abab' */
197 minor = salt[1];
198 salt++;
199 break;
200 default:
201 return error;
202 }
203 } else
204 minor = 0;
205
206 /* Discard version + "$" identifier */
207 salt += 2;
208
209 if (salt[2] != '$')
210 /* Out of sync with passwd entry */
211 return error;
212
213 /* Computer power doesn't increase linear, 2^x should be fine */
214 n = atoi(salt);
215 if (n > 31 || n < 0)
216 return error;
217 logr = (u_int8_t)n;
218 if ((rounds = (u_int32_t) 1 << logr) < BCRYPT_MINROUNDS)
219 return error;
220
221 /* Discard num rounds + "$" identifier */
222 salt += 3;
223
224 if (strlen(salt) * 3 / 4 < BCRYPT_MAXSALT)
225 return error;
226
227 /* We dont want the base64 salt but the raw data */
228 decode_base64(csalt, BCRYPT_MAXSALT, (u_int8_t *) salt);
229 salt_len = BCRYPT_MAXSALT;
230 key_len = strlen(key) + (minor >= 'a' ? 1 : 0);
231
232 /* Setting up S-Boxes and Subkeys */
233 Blowfish_initstate(&state);
234 Blowfish_expandstate(&state, csalt, salt_len,
235 (u_int8_t *) key, key_len);
236 for (k = 0; k < rounds; k++) {
237 Blowfish_expand0state(&state, (u_int8_t *) key, key_len);
238 Blowfish_expand0state(&state, csalt, salt_len);
239 }
240
241 /* This can be precomputed later */
242 j = 0;
243 for (i = 0; i < BCRYPT_BLOCKS; i++)
244 cdata[i] = Blowfish_stream2word(ciphertext, 4 * BCRYPT_BLOCKS, &j);
245
246 /* Now do the encryption */
247 for (k = 0; k < 64; k++)
248 blf_enc(&state, cdata, BCRYPT_BLOCKS / 2);
249
250 for (i = 0; i < BCRYPT_BLOCKS; i++) {
251 ciphertext[4 * i + 3] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
252 cdata[i] = cdata[i] >> 8;
253 ciphertext[4 * i + 2] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
254 cdata[i] = cdata[i] >> 8;
255 ciphertext[4 * i + 1] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
256 cdata[i] = cdata[i] >> 8;
257 ciphertext[4 * i + 0] = cdata[i] & 0xff;
258 }
259
260
261 i = 0;
262 encrypted[i++] = '$';
263 encrypted[i++] = BCRYPT_VERSION;
264 if (minor)
265 encrypted[i++] = minor;
266 encrypted[i++] = '$';
267
268 snprintf(encrypted + i, 4, "%2.2u$", logr);
269
270 encode_base64((u_int8_t *) encrypted + i + 3, csalt, BCRYPT_MAXSALT);
271 encode_base64((u_int8_t *) encrypted + strlen(encrypted), ciphertext,
272 4 * BCRYPT_BLOCKS - 1);
273 memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
274 memset(ciphertext, 0, sizeof(ciphertext));
275 memset(csalt, 0, sizeof(csalt));
276 memset(cdata, 0, sizeof(cdata));
277 return encrypted;
278}
279
280static void
281encode_base64(u_int8_t *buffer, u_int8_t *data, u_int16_t len)
282{
283 u_int8_t *bp = buffer;
284 u_int8_t *p = data;
285 u_int8_t c1, c2;
286 while (p < data + len) {
287 c1 = *p++;
288 *bp++ = Base64Code[(c1 >> 2)];
289 c1 = (c1 & 0x03) << 4;
290 if (p >= data + len) {
291 *bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
292 break;
293 }
294 c2 = *p++;
295 c1 |= (c2 >> 4) & 0x0f;
296 *bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
297 c1 = (c2 & 0x0f) << 2;
298 if (p >= data + len) {
299 *bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
300 break;
301 }
302 c2 = *p++;
303 c1 |= (c2 >> 6) & 0x03;
304 *bp++ = Base64Code[c1];
305 *bp++ = Base64Code[c2 & 0x3f];
306 }
307 *bp = '\0';
308}
309#if 0
310void
311main()
312{
313 char blubber[73];
314 char salt[100];
315 char *p;
316 salt[0] = '$';
317 salt[1] = BCRYPT_VERSION;
318 salt[2] = '$';
319
320 snprintf(salt + 3, 4, "%2.2u$", 5);
321
322 printf("24 bytes of salt: ");
323 fgets(salt + 6, sizeof(salt) - 6, stdin);
324 salt[99] = 0;
325 printf("72 bytes of password: ");
326 fpurge(stdin);
327 fgets(blubber, sizeof(blubber), stdin);
328 blubber[72] = 0;
329
330 p = crypt(blubber, salt);
331 printf("Passwd entry: %s\n\n", p);
332
333 p = bcrypt_gensalt(5);
334 printf("Generated salt: %s\n", p);
335 p = crypt(blubber, p);
336 printf("Passwd entry: %s\n", p);
337}
338#endif