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-.\"     $OpenBSD: getnameinfo.3,v 1.42 2012/01/03 12:06:04 jmc Exp $
-.\"     $KAME: getnameinfo.3,v 1.37 2005/01/05 03:23:05 itojun Exp $
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (C) 2004  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
-.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001  Internet Software Consortium.
-.\"
-.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
-.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
-.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-.\"
-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
-.\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
-.\" AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
-.\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
-.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
-.\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
-.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: January 3 2012 $
-.Dt GETNAMEINFO 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm getnameinfo
-.Nd socket address structure to hostname and service name
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
-.Fd #include <sys/socket.h>
-.Fd #include <netdb.h>
-.Ft int
-.Fn getnameinfo "const struct sockaddr *sa" "socklen_t salen" "char *host" \
-    "size_t hostlen" "char *serv" "size_t servlen" "int flags"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn getnameinfo
-function is used to convert a
-.Li sockaddr
-structure to a pair of host name and service strings.
-It is a replacement for and provides more flexibility than the
-.Xr gethostbyaddr 3
-and
-.Xr getservbyport 3
-functions and is the converse of the
-.Xr getaddrinfo 3
-function.
-.Pp
-The
-.Li sockaddr
-structure
-.Fa sa
-should point to either a
-.Li sockaddr_in
-or
-.Li sockaddr_in6
-structure (for IPv4 or IPv6 respectively) that is
-.Fa salen
-bytes long.
-.Pp
-The host and service names associated with
-.Fa sa
-are stored in
-.Fa host
-and
-.Fa serv
-which have length parameters
-.Fa hostlen
-and
-.Fa servlen .
-The maximum value for
-.Fa hostlen
-is
-.Dv NI_MAXHOST
-and
-the maximum value for
-.Fa servlen
-is
-.Dv NI_MAXSERV ,
-as defined by
-.Aq Pa netdb.h .
-If a length parameter is zero, no string will be stored.
-Otherwise, enough space must be provided to store the
-host name or service string plus a byte for the NUL terminator.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa flags
-argument is formed by
-.Tn OR Ns 'ing
-the following values:
-.Bl -tag -width "NI_NUMERICHOSTXX"
-.It Dv NI_NOFQDN
-A fully qualified domain name is not required for local hosts.
-The local part of the fully qualified domain name is returned instead.
-.It Dv NI_NUMERICHOST
-Return the address in numeric form, as if calling
-.Xr inet_ntop 3 ,
-instead of a host name.
-.It Dv NI_NAMEREQD
-A name is required.
-If the host name cannot be found in DNS and this flag is set,
-a non-zero error code is returned.
-If the host name is not found and the flag is not set, the
-address is returned in numeric form.
-.It NI_NUMERICSERV
-The service name is returned as a digit string representing the port number.
-.It NI_DGRAM
-Specifies that the service being looked up is a datagram
-service, and causes
-.Xr getservbyport 3
-to be called with a second argument of
-.Dq udp
-instead of its default of
-.Dq tcp .
-This is required for the few ports (512\-514) that have different services
-for
-.Tn UDP
-and
-.Tn TCP .
-.El
-.Pp
-This implementation allows numeric IPv6 address notation with scope identifier,
-as documented in RFC 4007.
-IPv6 link-local address will appear as a string like
-.Dq Li fe80::1%ne0 .
-Refer to
-.Xr getaddrinfo 3
-for more information.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Fn getnameinfo
-returns zero on success or one of the error codes listed in
-.Xr gai_strerror 3
-if an error occurs.
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-The following code tries to get a numeric host name, and service name,
-for a given socket address.
-Observe that there is no hardcoded reference to a particular address family.
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-struct sockaddr *sa;    /* input */
-char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST], sbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
-
-if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), sbuf,
-    sizeof(sbuf), NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV))
-        errx(1, "could not get numeric hostname");
-printf("host=%s, serv=%s\en", hbuf, sbuf);
-.Ed
-.Pp
-The following version checks if the socket address has a reverse address mapping:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-struct sockaddr *sa;    /* input */
-char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
-
-if (getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0,
-    NI_NAMEREQD))
-        errx(1, "could not resolve hostname");
-printf("host=%s\en", hbuf);
-.Ed
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr gai_strerror 3 ,
-.Xr getaddrinfo 3 ,
-.Xr gethostbyaddr 3 ,
-.Xr getservbyport 3 ,
-.Xr inet_ntop 3 ,
-.Xr resolver 3 ,
-.Xr hosts 5 ,
-.Xr resolv.conf 5 ,
-.Xr services 5 ,
-.Xr hostname 7 ,
-.Xr named 8
-.Rs
-.%A R. Gilligan
-.%A S. Thomson
-.%A J. Bound
-.%A W. Stevens
-.%T Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6
-.%R RFC 2553
-.%D March 1999
-.Re
-.Rs
-.%A S. Deering
-.%A B. Haberman
-.%A T. Jinmei
-.%A E. Nordmark
-.%A B. Zill
-.%T "IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture"
-.%R RFC 4007
-.%D March 2005
-.Re
-.Rs
-.%A Craig Metz
-.%T Protocol Independence Using the Sockets API
-.%B "Proceedings of the Freenix Track: 2000 USENIX Annual Technical Conference"
-.%D June 2000
-.Re
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn getnameinfo
-function is defined by the
-.St -p1003.1g-2000
-draft specification and documented in
-.Tn "RFC 2553" ,
-.Dq Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 .
-.Sh CAVEATS
-.Fn getnameinfo
-can return both numeric and FQDN forms of the address specified in
-.Fa sa .
-There is no return value that indicates whether the string returned in
-.Fa host
-is a result of binary to numeric-text translation (like
-.Xr inet_ntop 3 ) ,
-or is the result of a DNS reverse lookup.
-Because of this, malicious parties could set up a PTR record as follows:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR  10.1.1.1
-.Ed
-.Pp
-and trick the caller of
-.Fn getnameinfo
-into believing that
-.Fa sa
-is
-.Li 10.1.1.1
-when it is actually
-.Li 127.0.0.1 .
-.Pp
-To prevent such attacks, the use of
-.Dv NI_NAMEREQD
-is recommended when the result of
-.Fn getnameinfo
-is used
-for access control purposes:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-struct sockaddr *sa;
-char addr[NI_MAXHOST];
-struct addrinfo hints, *res;
-int error;
-
-error = getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, addr, sizeof(addr),
-    NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD);
-if (error == 0) {
-        memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
-        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/
-        hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
-        if (getaddrinfo(addr, "0", &hints, &res) == 0) {
-                /* malicious PTR record */
-                freeaddrinfo(res);
-                printf("bogus PTR record\en");
-                return -1;
-        }
-        /* addr is FQDN as a result of PTR lookup */
-} else {
-        /* addr is numeric string */
-        error = getnameinfo(sa, sa->sa_len, addr, sizeof(addr),
-            NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
-}
-.Ed
-.Sh BUGS
-The implementation of
-.Fn getnameinfo
-is not thread-safe.
-.Pp
-.Ox
-intentionally uses a different
-.Dv NI_MAXHOST
-value from what
-.Tn "RFC 2553"
-suggests, to avoid buffer length handling mistakes.