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-.\"     $OpenBSD: inet6_option_space.3,v 1.21 2007/05/31 19:19:30 jmc Exp $
-.\"     $KAME: inet6_option_space.3,v 1.11 2005/01/05 03:00:44 itojun Exp $
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (C) 2004 WIDE Project.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: May 31 2007 $
-.Dt INET6_OPTION_SPACE 3
-.Os
-.\"
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm inet6_option_space ,
-.Nm inet6_option_init ,
-.Nm inet6_option_append ,
-.Nm inet6_option_alloc ,
-.Nm inet6_option_next ,
-.Nm inet6_option_find
-.Nd IPv6 Hop-by-Hop and Destination Option Manipulation
-.\"
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In sys/types.h
-.In netinet/in.h
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn inet6_option_space "int nbytes"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn inet6_option_init "void *bp" "struct cmsghdr **cmsgp" "int type"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn inet6_option_append "struct cmsghdr *cmsg" "const u_int8_t *typep" "int multx" "int plusy"
-.Ft "u_int8_t *"
-.Fn inet6_option_alloc "struct cmsghdr *cmsg" "int datalen" "int multx" "int plusy"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn inet6_option_next "const struct cmsghdr *cmsg" "u_int8_t **tptrp"
-.Ft "int"
-.Fn inet6_option_find "const struct cmsghdr *cmsg" "u_int8_t **tptrp" "int type"
-.\"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.\"
-Note:
-RFC 2292 has been superseded by RFC 3542.
-The use of functions described in this page is deprecated.
-See
-.Xr inet6_opt_init 3 .
-.Pp
-Manipulating and parsing IPv6's Hop-by-Hop and Destination options is
-complicated by the need to properly align and pad data as well as the
-need to manipulate ancillary information that is not part of the data
-stream.
-RFC 2292 defines a set of functions, which are implemented as
-part of the Kame libraries, to help developers create, change,
-and parse Hop-by-Hop and Destination options.
-All of the prototypes
-for the option functions are defined in the
-.Aq Pa netinet/in.h
-header file.
-.\"
-.Ss inet6_option_space
-In order to determine the amount of space necessary to hold any option
-the
-.Fn inet6_option_space
-function is called.
-It returns the number of bytes required to hold
-an option when it is stored as ancillary data, including the
-.Li cmsghdr
-structure at the beginning, and any necessary padding at the end.
-The
-.Fa nbytes
-argument indicates the size of the structure defining the option,
-and must include any pad bytes at the beginning (the value
-.Li y
-in the alignment term
-.Dq Li "xn + y" ) ,
-the type byte, the length byte, and the option data.
-.Pp
-Note: If multiple options are stored in a single ancillary data
-object, which is the recommended technique, the
-.Fn inet6_option_space
-function overestimates the amount of space required by the size of
-.Li N-1
-.Li cmsghdr
-structures, where
-.Li N
-is the number of options to be stored in the object.
-Usually this has
-no impact because it is assumed that most Hop-by-Hop and Destination
-option headers carry only one option as indicated in appendix B of RFC 2460.
-.\"
-.Ss inet6_option_init
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_init
-function is called to initialize any ancillary data object that will contain
-a Hop-by-Hop or Destination option.
-It returns
-.Li 0
-on success and
-.Li \-1
-when an error occurs.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa bp
-argument points to a previously allocated area of memory which must be
-large enough to contain all the arguments that the application intends
-to add later via the
-.Fn inet6_option_append
-and
-.Fn inet6_option_alloc
-routines.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa cmsgp
-argument is a pointer to a pointer to a
-.Li cmsghdr
-structure.
-The
-.Fa *cmsgp
-argument
-points to a
-.Li cmsghdr
-structure which is constructed by this function and stored in the
-area of memory pointed to by
-.Fa bp .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa type
-is either
-.Dv IPV6_HOPOPTS
-or
-.Dv IPV6_DSTOPTS
-and is stored in the
-.Li cmsg_type
-member of the
-.Li cmsghdr
-structure mentioned above.
-.\"
-.Ss inet6_option_append
-This function appends a Hop-by-Hop option or a Destination option into
-an ancillary data object previously initialized by a call to
-.Fn inet6_option_init .
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_append
-function returns
-.Li 0
-if it succeeds or
-.Li \-1
-when an error occurs.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa cmsg
-argument is a pointer to the
-.Li cmsghdr
-structure that was initialized by a call to
-.Fn inet6_option_init .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa typep
-argument is a pointer to the 8-bit option type.
-All options are
-encoded as type-length-value tuples and it is assumed that
-the
-.Fa typep
-field is immediately followed by the 8-bit option data length field,
-which is then followed by the option data.
-.Pp
-The option types of
-.Li 0
-and
-.Li 1
-are reserved for the
-.Li Pad1
-and
-.Li PadN
-options respectively.
-All other values from
-.Li 2
-through
-.Li 255
-are available for applications to use.
-.Pp
-The option data length, since it is stored in 8 bites, must have a
-value between
-.Li 0
-and
-.Li 255 ,
-inclusive.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa multx
-argument
-is the value
-.Li x
-in the alignment term
-.Dq Li xn + y
-and indicates the byte alignment necessary for the data.
-Alignments may be specified as
-.Li 1 ,
-.Li 2 ,
-.Li 4 ,
-or
-.Li 8
-bytes, which is no alignment, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit alignments
-respectively.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa plusy
-argument
-is the value
-.Li y
-in the alignment term
-.Dq Li xn + y
-and must have a value between
-.Li 0
-and
-.Li 7 ,
-inclusive, indicating the amount of padding that is necessary for an
-option.
-.\"
-.Ss inet6_option_alloc
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_alloc
-function appends a Hop-by-Hop option or a Destination option into an
-ancillary data object that has previously been initialized by a call to
-.Fn inet6_option_init .
-A successful call to the
-.Fn inet6_option_alloc
-function returns a pointer to the 8-bit option type field,
-which is at the beginning of the allocated region.
-.Fn inet6_option_alloc
-returns
-.Dv NULL
-when an error has occurred.
-.Pp
-The difference between the
-.Fn inet6_option_alloc
-and
-.Fn inet6_option_append
-functions is that the latter copies the contents of a previously built
-option into the ancillary data object while the former returns a
-pointer to the place in the data object where the option's TLV must
-then be built by the application.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa cmsg
-argument is a pointer to a
-.Li cmsghdr
-structure that was initialized by
-.Fn inet6_option_init .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa datalen
-argument is the value of the option data length byte for this option.
-This value is required as an argument to allow the function to
-determine if padding must be appended at the end of the option.
-(The
-.Fn inet6_option_append
-function does not need a data length argument
-since the option data length must already be stored by the caller.)
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa multx
-and
-.Fa plusy
-arguments
-are identical to the arguments of the same name described in the
-.Fn inet6_option_init
-function above.
-.\"
-.Ss inet6_option_next
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_next
-function is used to process Hop-by-Hop and Destination options that
-are present in an ancillary data object.
-When an option remains to
-be processed, the return value of the
-.Fn inet6_option_next
-function is
-.Li 0
-and the
-.Fa *tptrp
-argument points to the 8-bit option type field, which is followed by
-the 8-bit option data length, and then the option data.
-When no more
-options remain to be processed, the return value is
-.Li \-1
-and
-.Fa *tptrp
-is
-.Dv NULL .
-When an error occurs, the return value is
-.Li \-1 ,
-but the
-.Fa *tptrp
-argument is not
-.Dv NULL .
-This set of return values allows a program to easily loop through all
-the options in an ancillary data object, checking for the error and
-end of stream conditions along the way.
-.Pp
-When a valid option is returned, the
-.Fa cmsg
-argument points to a
-.Li cmsghdr
-where the
-.Li cmsg_level
-element equals
-.Dv IPPROTO_IPV6
-and the
-.Li cmsg_type
-element is either
-.Dv IPV6_HOPOPTS
-or
-.Dv IPV6_DSTOPTS .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa tptrp
-argument is a pointer to a pointer to an 8-bit byte and
-.Fa *tptrp
-is used by the function to remember its place in the ancillary data
-object each time the function is called.
-When the
-.Fn inet6_option_next
-function is called for the first time on a given ancillary data object,
-.Fa *tptrp
-must be set to
-.Dv NULL .
-.Pp
-Each time the function returns success,
-the
-.Fa *tptrp
-argument points to the 8-bit option type field for the next option to
-be processed.
-.\"
-.Ss inet6_option_find
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_find
-function allows an application to search for a particular option type
-in an ancillary data object.
-The
-.Fa cmsg
-argument is a pointer to a
-.Li cmsghdr
-structure in which the
-.Li cmsg_level
-element equals
-.Dv IPPROTO_IPV6
-and the
-.Li cmsg_type
-element is either
-.Dv IPV6_HOPOPTS
-or
-.Dv IPV6_DSTOPTS .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa tptrp
-argument is handled exactly as in the
-.Fn inet6_option_next
-function described above.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_find
-function starts searching for an option of the specified type
-beginning after the value of
-.Fa *tptrp .
-.\"
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-RFC 2292 gives comprehensive examples in chapter 6.
-.\"
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_init
-and
-.Fn inet6_option_append
-functions return
-.Li 0
-on success or
-.Li \-1
-on an error.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn inet6_option_alloc
-function returns
-.Dv NULL
-on an error.
-.Pp
-When
-.Fn inet6_option_next
-or
-.Fn inet6_option_find
-detect an error they return
-.Li \-1 ,
-setting
-.Fa *tptrp
-to a non
-.Dv NULL
-value.
-.\"
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr inet6 4 ,
-.Xr ip6 4
-.Rs
-.%A W. Stevens
-.%A M. Thomas
-.%T "Advanced Sockets API for IPv6"
-.%N RFC 2292
-.%D February 1998
-.Re
-.Rs
-.%A S. Deering
-.%A R. Hinden
-.%T "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification"
-.%N RFC 2460
-.%D December 1998
-.Re
-.\"
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The functions are documented in
-.Dq Advanced Sockets API for IPv6
-(RFC 2292).
-.\"
-.Sh HISTORY
-This implementation first appeared in the KAME advanced networking kit.
-.\"