summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c')
-rw-r--r--src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c446
1 files changed, 446 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00edf2dca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
1/* $OpenBSD: random.c,v 1.19 2013/08/01 19:42:08 kettenis Exp $ */
2/*
3 * Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
4 * All rights reserved.
5 *
6 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 * are met:
9 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
15 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
16 * without specific prior written permission.
17 *
18 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
19 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
20 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
21 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
22 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
23 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
24 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
25 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
26 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
27 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
28 * SUCH DAMAGE.
29 */
30
31#include <sys/param.h>
32#include <sys/sysctl.h>
33#include <sys/time.h>
34#include <fcntl.h>
35#include <stdio.h>
36#include <stdlib.h>
37#include <unistd.h>
38
39#include "thread_private.h"
40
41/*
42 * random.c:
43 *
44 * An improved random number generation package. In addition to the standard
45 * rand()/srand() like interface, this package also has a special state info
46 * interface. The initstate() routine is called with a seed, an array of
47 * bytes, and a count of how many bytes are being passed in; this array is
48 * then initialized to contain information for random number generation with
49 * that much state information. Good sizes for the amount of state
50 * information are 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes. The state can be switched by
51 * calling the setstate() routine with the same array as was initiallized
52 * with initstate(). By default, the package runs with 128 bytes of state
53 * information and generates far better random numbers than a linear
54 * congruential generator. If the amount of state information is less than
55 * 32 bytes, a simple linear congruential R.N.G. is used.
56 *
57 * Internally, the state information is treated as an array of int32_t; the
58 * zeroeth element of the array is the type of R.N.G. being used (small
59 * integer); the remainder of the array is the state information for the
60 * R.N.G. Thus, 32 bytes of state information will give 7 int32_ts worth of
61 * state information, which will allow a degree seven polynomial. (Note:
62 * the zeroeth word of state information also has some other information
63 * stored in it -- see setstate() for details).
64 *
65 * The random number generation technique is a linear feedback shift register
66 * approach, employing trinomials (since there are fewer terms to sum up that
67 * way). In this approach, the least significant bit of all the numbers in
68 * the state table will act as a linear feedback shift register, and will
69 * have period 2^deg - 1 (where deg is the degree of the polynomial being
70 * used, assuming that the polynomial is irreducible and primitive). The
71 * higher order bits will have longer periods, since their values are also
72 * influenced by pseudo-random carries out of the lower bits. The total
73 * period of the generator is approximately deg*(2**deg - 1); thus doubling
74 * the amount of state information has a vast influence on the period of the
75 * generator. Note: the deg*(2**deg - 1) is an approximation only good for
76 * large deg, when the period of the shift register is the dominant factor.
77 * With deg equal to seven, the period is actually much longer than the
78 * 7*(2**7 - 1) predicted by this formula.
79 */
80
81/*
82 * For each of the currently supported random number generators, we have a
83 * break value on the amount of state information (you need at least this
84 * many bytes of state info to support this random number generator), a degree
85 * for the polynomial (actually a trinomial) that the R.N.G. is based on, and
86 * the separation between the two lower order coefficients of the trinomial.
87 */
88#define TYPE_0 0 /* linear congruential */
89#define BREAK_0 8
90#define DEG_0 0
91#define SEP_0 0
92
93#define TYPE_1 1 /* x**7 + x**3 + 1 */
94#define BREAK_1 32
95#define DEG_1 7
96#define SEP_1 3
97
98#define TYPE_2 2 /* x**15 + x + 1 */
99#define BREAK_2 64
100#define DEG_2 15
101#define SEP_2 1
102
103#define TYPE_3 3 /* x**31 + x**3 + 1 */
104#define BREAK_3 128
105#define DEG_3 31
106#define SEP_3 3
107
108#define TYPE_4 4 /* x**63 + x + 1 */
109#define BREAK_4 256
110#define DEG_4 63
111#define SEP_4 1
112
113/*
114 * Array versions of the above information to make code run faster --
115 * relies on fact that TYPE_i == i.
116 */
117#define MAX_TYPES 5 /* max number of types above */
118
119static int degrees[MAX_TYPES] = { DEG_0, DEG_1, DEG_2, DEG_3, DEG_4 };
120static int seps [MAX_TYPES] = { SEP_0, SEP_1, SEP_2, SEP_3, SEP_4 };
121
122/*
123 * Initially, everything is set up as if from:
124 *
125 * initstate(1, &randtbl, 128);
126 *
127 * Note that this initialization takes advantage of the fact that srandom()
128 * advances the front and rear pointers 10*rand_deg times, and hence the
129 * rear pointer which starts at 0 will also end up at zero; thus the zeroeth
130 * element of the state information, which contains info about the current
131 * position of the rear pointer is just
132 *
133 * MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + TYPE_3 == TYPE_3.
134 */
135
136static int32_t randtbl[DEG_3 + 1] = {
137 TYPE_3,
138 0x991539b1, 0x16a5bce3, 0x6774a4cd, 0x3e01511e, 0x4e508aaa, 0x61048c05,
139 0xf5500617, 0x846b7115, 0x6a19892c, 0x896a97af, 0xdb48f936, 0x14898454,
140 0x37ffd106, 0xb58bff9c, 0x59e17104, 0xcf918a49, 0x09378c83, 0x52c7a471,
141 0x8d293ea9, 0x1f4fc301, 0xc3db71be, 0x39b44e1c, 0xf8a44ef9, 0x4c8b80b1,
142 0x19edc328, 0x87bf4bdd, 0xc9b240e5, 0xe9ee4b1b, 0x4382aee7, 0x535b6b41,
143 0xf3bec5da,
144};
145
146/*
147 * fptr and rptr are two pointers into the state info, a front and a rear
148 * pointer. These two pointers are always rand_sep places aparts, as they
149 * cycle cyclically through the state information. (Yes, this does mean we
150 * could get away with just one pointer, but the code for random() is more
151 * efficient this way). The pointers are left positioned as they would be
152 * from the call
153 *
154 * initstate(1, randtbl, 128);
155 *
156 * (The position of the rear pointer, rptr, is really 0 (as explained above
157 * in the initialization of randtbl) because the state table pointer is set
158 * to point to randtbl[1] (as explained below).
159 */
160static int32_t *fptr = &randtbl[SEP_3 + 1];
161static int32_t *rptr = &randtbl[1];
162
163/*
164 * The following things are the pointer to the state information table, the
165 * type of the current generator, the degree of the current polynomial being
166 * used, and the separation between the two pointers. Note that for efficiency
167 * of random(), we remember the first location of the state information, not
168 * the zeroeth. Hence it is valid to access state[-1], which is used to
169 * store the type of the R.N.G. Also, we remember the last location, since
170 * this is more efficient than indexing every time to find the address of
171 * the last element to see if the front and rear pointers have wrapped.
172 */
173static int32_t *state = &randtbl[1];
174static int32_t *end_ptr = &randtbl[DEG_3 + 1];
175static int rand_type = TYPE_3;
176static int rand_deg = DEG_3;
177static int rand_sep = SEP_3;
178
179_THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX(random);
180static long random_l(void);
181
182#define LOCK() _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_LOCK(random)
183#define UNLOCK() _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(random)
184
185/*
186 * srandom:
187 *
188 * Initialize the random number generator based on the given seed. If the
189 * type is the trivial no-state-information type, just remember the seed.
190 * Otherwise, initializes state[] based on the given "seed" via a linear
191 * congruential generator. Then, the pointers are set to known locations
192 * that are exactly rand_sep places apart. Lastly, it cycles the state
193 * information a given number of times to get rid of any initial dependencies
194 * introduced by the L.C.R.N.G. Note that the initialization of randtbl[]
195 * for default usage relies on values produced by this routine.
196 */
197static void
198srandom_l(unsigned int x)
199{
200 int i;
201 int32_t test;
202 div_t val;
203
204 if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
205 state[0] = x;
206 else {
207 /* A seed of 0 would result in state[] always being zero. */
208 state[0] = x ? x : 1;
209 for (i = 1; i < rand_deg; i++) {
210 /*
211 * Implement the following, without overflowing 31 bits:
212 *
213 * state[i] = (16807 * state[i - 1]) % 2147483647;
214 *
215 * 2^31-1 (prime) = 2147483647 = 127773*16807+2836
216 */
217 val = div(state[i-1], 127773);
218 test = 16807 * val.rem - 2836 * val.quot;
219 state[i] = test + (test < 0 ? 2147483647 : 0);
220 }
221 fptr = &state[rand_sep];
222 rptr = &state[0];
223 for (i = 0; i < 10 * rand_deg; i++)
224 (void)random_l();
225 }
226}
227
228void
229srandom(unsigned int x)
230{
231 LOCK();
232 srandom_l(x);
233 UNLOCK();
234}
235
236#if defined(APIWARN)
237__warn_references(srandom,
238 "warning: srandom() seed choices are invariably poor");
239#endif
240
241/*
242 * srandomdev:
243 *
244 * Many programs choose the seed value in a totally predictable manner.
245 * This often causes problems. We seed the generator using random
246 * data from the kernel.
247 * Note that this particular seeding procedure can generate states
248 * which are impossible to reproduce by calling srandom() with any
249 * value, since the succeeding terms in the state buffer are no longer
250 * derived from the LC algorithm applied to a fixed seed.
251 */
252void
253srandomdev(void)
254{
255 int mib[2];
256 size_t len;
257
258 LOCK();
259 if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
260 len = sizeof(state[0]);
261 else
262 len = rand_deg * sizeof(state[0]);
263
264 mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
265 mib[1] = KERN_ARND;
266 sysctl(mib, 2, state, &len, NULL, 0);
267
268 if (rand_type != TYPE_0) {
269 fptr = &state[rand_sep];
270 rptr = &state[0];
271 }
272 UNLOCK();
273}
274
275#if defined(APIWARN)
276__warn_references(srandomdev,
277 "warning: srandomdev() usage; consider switching to arc4random()");
278#endif
279
280/*
281 * initstate:
282 *
283 * Initialize the state information in the given array of n bytes for future
284 * random number generation. Based on the number of bytes we are given, and
285 * the break values for the different R.N.G.'s, we choose the best (largest)
286 * one we can and set things up for it. srandom() is then called to
287 * initialize the state information.
288 *
289 * Note that on return from srandom(), we set state[-1] to be the type
290 * multiplexed with the current value of the rear pointer; this is so
291 * successive calls to initstate() won't lose this information and will be
292 * able to restart with setstate().
293 *
294 * Note: the first thing we do is save the current state, if any, just like
295 * setstate() so that it doesn't matter when initstate is called.
296 *
297 * Returns a pointer to the old state.
298 */
299char *
300initstate(u_int seed, char *arg_state, size_t n)
301{
302 char *ostate = (char *)(&state[-1]);
303
304 LOCK();
305 if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
306 state[-1] = rand_type;
307 else
308 state[-1] = MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + rand_type;
309 if (n < BREAK_0) {
310 UNLOCK();
311 return(NULL);
312 }
313 if (n < BREAK_1) {
314 rand_type = TYPE_0;
315 rand_deg = DEG_0;
316 rand_sep = SEP_0;
317 } else if (n < BREAK_2) {
318 rand_type = TYPE_1;
319 rand_deg = DEG_1;
320 rand_sep = SEP_1;
321 } else if (n < BREAK_3) {
322 rand_type = TYPE_2;
323 rand_deg = DEG_2;
324 rand_sep = SEP_2;
325 } else if (n < BREAK_4) {
326 rand_type = TYPE_3;
327 rand_deg = DEG_3;
328 rand_sep = SEP_3;
329 } else {
330 rand_type = TYPE_4;
331 rand_deg = DEG_4;
332 rand_sep = SEP_4;
333 }
334 state = &(((int32_t *)arg_state)[1]); /* first location */
335 end_ptr = &state[rand_deg]; /* must set end_ptr before srandom */
336 srandom_l(seed);
337 if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
338 state[-1] = rand_type;
339 else
340 state[-1] = MAX_TYPES*(rptr - state) + rand_type;
341 UNLOCK();
342 return(ostate);
343}
344
345/*
346 * setstate:
347 *
348 * Restore the state from the given state array.
349 *
350 * Note: it is important that we also remember the locations of the pointers
351 * in the current state information, and restore the locations of the pointers
352 * from the old state information. This is done by multiplexing the pointer
353 * location into the zeroeth word of the state information.
354 *
355 * Note that due to the order in which things are done, it is OK to call
356 * setstate() with the same state as the current state.
357 *
358 * Returns a pointer to the old state information.
359 */
360char *
361setstate(char *arg_state)
362{
363 int32_t *new_state = (int32_t *)arg_state;
364 int32_t type = new_state[0] % MAX_TYPES;
365 int32_t rear = new_state[0] / MAX_TYPES;
366 char *ostate = (char *)(&state[-1]);
367
368 LOCK();
369 if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
370 state[-1] = rand_type;
371 else
372 state[-1] = MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + rand_type;
373 switch(type) {
374 case TYPE_0:
375 case TYPE_1:
376 case TYPE_2:
377 case TYPE_3:
378 case TYPE_4:
379 rand_type = type;
380 rand_deg = degrees[type];
381 rand_sep = seps[type];
382 break;
383 default:
384 UNLOCK();
385 return(NULL);
386 }
387 state = &new_state[1];
388 if (rand_type != TYPE_0) {
389 rptr = &state[rear];
390 fptr = &state[(rear + rand_sep) % rand_deg];
391 }
392 end_ptr = &state[rand_deg]; /* set end_ptr too */
393 UNLOCK();
394 return(ostate);
395}
396
397/*
398 * random:
399 *
400 * If we are using the trivial TYPE_0 R.N.G., just do the old linear
401 * congruential bit. Otherwise, we do our fancy trinomial stuff, which is
402 * the same in all the other cases due to all the global variables that have
403 * been set up. The basic operation is to add the number at the rear pointer
404 * into the one at the front pointer. Then both pointers are advanced to
405 * the next location cyclically in the table. The value returned is the sum
406 * generated, reduced to 31 bits by throwing away the "least random" low bit.
407 *
408 * Note: the code takes advantage of the fact that both the front and
409 * rear pointers can't wrap on the same call by not testing the rear
410 * pointer if the front one has wrapped.
411 *
412 * Returns a 31-bit random number.
413 */
414static long
415random_l(void)
416{
417 int32_t i;
418
419 if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
420 i = state[0] = (state[0] * 1103515245 + 12345) & 0x7fffffff;
421 else {
422 *fptr += *rptr;
423 i = (*fptr >> 1) & 0x7fffffff; /* chucking least random bit */
424 if (++fptr >= end_ptr) {
425 fptr = state;
426 ++rptr;
427 } else if (++rptr >= end_ptr)
428 rptr = state;
429 }
430 return((long)i);
431}
432
433long
434random(void)
435{
436 long r;
437 LOCK();
438 r = random_l();
439 UNLOCK();
440 return r;
441}
442
443#if defined(APIWARN)
444__warn_references(random,
445 "warning: random() isn't random; consider using arc4random()");
446#endif