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Diffstat (limited to 'src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c')
-rw-r--r-- | src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c | 446 |
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diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..00edf2dca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c | |||
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1 | /* $OpenBSD: random.c,v 1.19 2013/08/01 19:42:08 kettenis Exp $ */ | ||
2 | /* | ||
3 | * Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California. | ||
4 | * All rights reserved. | ||
5 | * | ||
6 | * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | ||
7 | * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | ||
8 | * are met: | ||
9 | * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | ||
10 | * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | ||
11 | * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | ||
12 | * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | ||
13 | * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | ||
14 | * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | ||
15 | * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | ||
16 | * without specific prior written permission. | ||
17 | * | ||
18 | * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | ||
19 | * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | ||
20 | * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | ||
21 | * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | ||
22 | * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | ||
23 | * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | ||
24 | * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | ||
25 | * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | ||
26 | * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | ||
27 | * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | ||
28 | * SUCH DAMAGE. | ||
29 | */ | ||
30 | |||
31 | #include <sys/param.h> | ||
32 | #include <sys/sysctl.h> | ||
33 | #include <sys/time.h> | ||
34 | #include <fcntl.h> | ||
35 | #include <stdio.h> | ||
36 | #include <stdlib.h> | ||
37 | #include <unistd.h> | ||
38 | |||
39 | #include "thread_private.h" | ||
40 | |||
41 | /* | ||
42 | * random.c: | ||
43 | * | ||
44 | * An improved random number generation package. In addition to the standard | ||
45 | * rand()/srand() like interface, this package also has a special state info | ||
46 | * interface. The initstate() routine is called with a seed, an array of | ||
47 | * bytes, and a count of how many bytes are being passed in; this array is | ||
48 | * then initialized to contain information for random number generation with | ||
49 | * that much state information. Good sizes for the amount of state | ||
50 | * information are 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes. The state can be switched by | ||
51 | * calling the setstate() routine with the same array as was initiallized | ||
52 | * with initstate(). By default, the package runs with 128 bytes of state | ||
53 | * information and generates far better random numbers than a linear | ||
54 | * congruential generator. If the amount of state information is less than | ||
55 | * 32 bytes, a simple linear congruential R.N.G. is used. | ||
56 | * | ||
57 | * Internally, the state information is treated as an array of int32_t; the | ||
58 | * zeroeth element of the array is the type of R.N.G. being used (small | ||
59 | * integer); the remainder of the array is the state information for the | ||
60 | * R.N.G. Thus, 32 bytes of state information will give 7 int32_ts worth of | ||
61 | * state information, which will allow a degree seven polynomial. (Note: | ||
62 | * the zeroeth word of state information also has some other information | ||
63 | * stored in it -- see setstate() for details). | ||
64 | * | ||
65 | * The random number generation technique is a linear feedback shift register | ||
66 | * approach, employing trinomials (since there are fewer terms to sum up that | ||
67 | * way). In this approach, the least significant bit of all the numbers in | ||
68 | * the state table will act as a linear feedback shift register, and will | ||
69 | * have period 2^deg - 1 (where deg is the degree of the polynomial being | ||
70 | * used, assuming that the polynomial is irreducible and primitive). The | ||
71 | * higher order bits will have longer periods, since their values are also | ||
72 | * influenced by pseudo-random carries out of the lower bits. The total | ||
73 | * period of the generator is approximately deg*(2**deg - 1); thus doubling | ||
74 | * the amount of state information has a vast influence on the period of the | ||
75 | * generator. Note: the deg*(2**deg - 1) is an approximation only good for | ||
76 | * large deg, when the period of the shift register is the dominant factor. | ||
77 | * With deg equal to seven, the period is actually much longer than the | ||
78 | * 7*(2**7 - 1) predicted by this formula. | ||
79 | */ | ||
80 | |||
81 | /* | ||
82 | * For each of the currently supported random number generators, we have a | ||
83 | * break value on the amount of state information (you need at least this | ||
84 | * many bytes of state info to support this random number generator), a degree | ||
85 | * for the polynomial (actually a trinomial) that the R.N.G. is based on, and | ||
86 | * the separation between the two lower order coefficients of the trinomial. | ||
87 | */ | ||
88 | #define TYPE_0 0 /* linear congruential */ | ||
89 | #define BREAK_0 8 | ||
90 | #define DEG_0 0 | ||
91 | #define SEP_0 0 | ||
92 | |||
93 | #define TYPE_1 1 /* x**7 + x**3 + 1 */ | ||
94 | #define BREAK_1 32 | ||
95 | #define DEG_1 7 | ||
96 | #define SEP_1 3 | ||
97 | |||
98 | #define TYPE_2 2 /* x**15 + x + 1 */ | ||
99 | #define BREAK_2 64 | ||
100 | #define DEG_2 15 | ||
101 | #define SEP_2 1 | ||
102 | |||
103 | #define TYPE_3 3 /* x**31 + x**3 + 1 */ | ||
104 | #define BREAK_3 128 | ||
105 | #define DEG_3 31 | ||
106 | #define SEP_3 3 | ||
107 | |||
108 | #define TYPE_4 4 /* x**63 + x + 1 */ | ||
109 | #define BREAK_4 256 | ||
110 | #define DEG_4 63 | ||
111 | #define SEP_4 1 | ||
112 | |||
113 | /* | ||
114 | * Array versions of the above information to make code run faster -- | ||
115 | * relies on fact that TYPE_i == i. | ||
116 | */ | ||
117 | #define MAX_TYPES 5 /* max number of types above */ | ||
118 | |||
119 | static int degrees[MAX_TYPES] = { DEG_0, DEG_1, DEG_2, DEG_3, DEG_4 }; | ||
120 | static int seps [MAX_TYPES] = { SEP_0, SEP_1, SEP_2, SEP_3, SEP_4 }; | ||
121 | |||
122 | /* | ||
123 | * Initially, everything is set up as if from: | ||
124 | * | ||
125 | * initstate(1, &randtbl, 128); | ||
126 | * | ||
127 | * Note that this initialization takes advantage of the fact that srandom() | ||
128 | * advances the front and rear pointers 10*rand_deg times, and hence the | ||
129 | * rear pointer which starts at 0 will also end up at zero; thus the zeroeth | ||
130 | * element of the state information, which contains info about the current | ||
131 | * position of the rear pointer is just | ||
132 | * | ||
133 | * MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + TYPE_3 == TYPE_3. | ||
134 | */ | ||
135 | |||
136 | static int32_t randtbl[DEG_3 + 1] = { | ||
137 | TYPE_3, | ||
138 | 0x991539b1, 0x16a5bce3, 0x6774a4cd, 0x3e01511e, 0x4e508aaa, 0x61048c05, | ||
139 | 0xf5500617, 0x846b7115, 0x6a19892c, 0x896a97af, 0xdb48f936, 0x14898454, | ||
140 | 0x37ffd106, 0xb58bff9c, 0x59e17104, 0xcf918a49, 0x09378c83, 0x52c7a471, | ||
141 | 0x8d293ea9, 0x1f4fc301, 0xc3db71be, 0x39b44e1c, 0xf8a44ef9, 0x4c8b80b1, | ||
142 | 0x19edc328, 0x87bf4bdd, 0xc9b240e5, 0xe9ee4b1b, 0x4382aee7, 0x535b6b41, | ||
143 | 0xf3bec5da, | ||
144 | }; | ||
145 | |||
146 | /* | ||
147 | * fptr and rptr are two pointers into the state info, a front and a rear | ||
148 | * pointer. These two pointers are always rand_sep places aparts, as they | ||
149 | * cycle cyclically through the state information. (Yes, this does mean we | ||
150 | * could get away with just one pointer, but the code for random() is more | ||
151 | * efficient this way). The pointers are left positioned as they would be | ||
152 | * from the call | ||
153 | * | ||
154 | * initstate(1, randtbl, 128); | ||
155 | * | ||
156 | * (The position of the rear pointer, rptr, is really 0 (as explained above | ||
157 | * in the initialization of randtbl) because the state table pointer is set | ||
158 | * to point to randtbl[1] (as explained below). | ||
159 | */ | ||
160 | static int32_t *fptr = &randtbl[SEP_3 + 1]; | ||
161 | static int32_t *rptr = &randtbl[1]; | ||
162 | |||
163 | /* | ||
164 | * The following things are the pointer to the state information table, the | ||
165 | * type of the current generator, the degree of the current polynomial being | ||
166 | * used, and the separation between the two pointers. Note that for efficiency | ||
167 | * of random(), we remember the first location of the state information, not | ||
168 | * the zeroeth. Hence it is valid to access state[-1], which is used to | ||
169 | * store the type of the R.N.G. Also, we remember the last location, since | ||
170 | * this is more efficient than indexing every time to find the address of | ||
171 | * the last element to see if the front and rear pointers have wrapped. | ||
172 | */ | ||
173 | static int32_t *state = &randtbl[1]; | ||
174 | static int32_t *end_ptr = &randtbl[DEG_3 + 1]; | ||
175 | static int rand_type = TYPE_3; | ||
176 | static int rand_deg = DEG_3; | ||
177 | static int rand_sep = SEP_3; | ||
178 | |||
179 | _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX(random); | ||
180 | static long random_l(void); | ||
181 | |||
182 | #define LOCK() _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_LOCK(random) | ||
183 | #define UNLOCK() _THREAD_PRIVATE_MUTEX_UNLOCK(random) | ||
184 | |||
185 | /* | ||
186 | * srandom: | ||
187 | * | ||
188 | * Initialize the random number generator based on the given seed. If the | ||
189 | * type is the trivial no-state-information type, just remember the seed. | ||
190 | * Otherwise, initializes state[] based on the given "seed" via a linear | ||
191 | * congruential generator. Then, the pointers are set to known locations | ||
192 | * that are exactly rand_sep places apart. Lastly, it cycles the state | ||
193 | * information a given number of times to get rid of any initial dependencies | ||
194 | * introduced by the L.C.R.N.G. Note that the initialization of randtbl[] | ||
195 | * for default usage relies on values produced by this routine. | ||
196 | */ | ||
197 | static void | ||
198 | srandom_l(unsigned int x) | ||
199 | { | ||
200 | int i; | ||
201 | int32_t test; | ||
202 | div_t val; | ||
203 | |||
204 | if (rand_type == TYPE_0) | ||
205 | state[0] = x; | ||
206 | else { | ||
207 | /* A seed of 0 would result in state[] always being zero. */ | ||
208 | state[0] = x ? x : 1; | ||
209 | for (i = 1; i < rand_deg; i++) { | ||
210 | /* | ||
211 | * Implement the following, without overflowing 31 bits: | ||
212 | * | ||
213 | * state[i] = (16807 * state[i - 1]) % 2147483647; | ||
214 | * | ||
215 | * 2^31-1 (prime) = 2147483647 = 127773*16807+2836 | ||
216 | */ | ||
217 | val = div(state[i-1], 127773); | ||
218 | test = 16807 * val.rem - 2836 * val.quot; | ||
219 | state[i] = test + (test < 0 ? 2147483647 : 0); | ||
220 | } | ||
221 | fptr = &state[rand_sep]; | ||
222 | rptr = &state[0]; | ||
223 | for (i = 0; i < 10 * rand_deg; i++) | ||
224 | (void)random_l(); | ||
225 | } | ||
226 | } | ||
227 | |||
228 | void | ||
229 | srandom(unsigned int x) | ||
230 | { | ||
231 | LOCK(); | ||
232 | srandom_l(x); | ||
233 | UNLOCK(); | ||
234 | } | ||
235 | |||
236 | #if defined(APIWARN) | ||
237 | __warn_references(srandom, | ||
238 | "warning: srandom() seed choices are invariably poor"); | ||
239 | #endif | ||
240 | |||
241 | /* | ||
242 | * srandomdev: | ||
243 | * | ||
244 | * Many programs choose the seed value in a totally predictable manner. | ||
245 | * This often causes problems. We seed the generator using random | ||
246 | * data from the kernel. | ||
247 | * Note that this particular seeding procedure can generate states | ||
248 | * which are impossible to reproduce by calling srandom() with any | ||
249 | * value, since the succeeding terms in the state buffer are no longer | ||
250 | * derived from the LC algorithm applied to a fixed seed. | ||
251 | */ | ||
252 | void | ||
253 | srandomdev(void) | ||
254 | { | ||
255 | int mib[2]; | ||
256 | size_t len; | ||
257 | |||
258 | LOCK(); | ||
259 | if (rand_type == TYPE_0) | ||
260 | len = sizeof(state[0]); | ||
261 | else | ||
262 | len = rand_deg * sizeof(state[0]); | ||
263 | |||
264 | mib[0] = CTL_KERN; | ||
265 | mib[1] = KERN_ARND; | ||
266 | sysctl(mib, 2, state, &len, NULL, 0); | ||
267 | |||
268 | if (rand_type != TYPE_0) { | ||
269 | fptr = &state[rand_sep]; | ||
270 | rptr = &state[0]; | ||
271 | } | ||
272 | UNLOCK(); | ||
273 | } | ||
274 | |||
275 | #if defined(APIWARN) | ||
276 | __warn_references(srandomdev, | ||
277 | "warning: srandomdev() usage; consider switching to arc4random()"); | ||
278 | #endif | ||
279 | |||
280 | /* | ||
281 | * initstate: | ||
282 | * | ||
283 | * Initialize the state information in the given array of n bytes for future | ||
284 | * random number generation. Based on the number of bytes we are given, and | ||
285 | * the break values for the different R.N.G.'s, we choose the best (largest) | ||
286 | * one we can and set things up for it. srandom() is then called to | ||
287 | * initialize the state information. | ||
288 | * | ||
289 | * Note that on return from srandom(), we set state[-1] to be the type | ||
290 | * multiplexed with the current value of the rear pointer; this is so | ||
291 | * successive calls to initstate() won't lose this information and will be | ||
292 | * able to restart with setstate(). | ||
293 | * | ||
294 | * Note: the first thing we do is save the current state, if any, just like | ||
295 | * setstate() so that it doesn't matter when initstate is called. | ||
296 | * | ||
297 | * Returns a pointer to the old state. | ||
298 | */ | ||
299 | char * | ||
300 | initstate(u_int seed, char *arg_state, size_t n) | ||
301 | { | ||
302 | char *ostate = (char *)(&state[-1]); | ||
303 | |||
304 | LOCK(); | ||
305 | if (rand_type == TYPE_0) | ||
306 | state[-1] = rand_type; | ||
307 | else | ||
308 | state[-1] = MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + rand_type; | ||
309 | if (n < BREAK_0) { | ||
310 | UNLOCK(); | ||
311 | return(NULL); | ||
312 | } | ||
313 | if (n < BREAK_1) { | ||
314 | rand_type = TYPE_0; | ||
315 | rand_deg = DEG_0; | ||
316 | rand_sep = SEP_0; | ||
317 | } else if (n < BREAK_2) { | ||
318 | rand_type = TYPE_1; | ||
319 | rand_deg = DEG_1; | ||
320 | rand_sep = SEP_1; | ||
321 | } else if (n < BREAK_3) { | ||
322 | rand_type = TYPE_2; | ||
323 | rand_deg = DEG_2; | ||
324 | rand_sep = SEP_2; | ||
325 | } else if (n < BREAK_4) { | ||
326 | rand_type = TYPE_3; | ||
327 | rand_deg = DEG_3; | ||
328 | rand_sep = SEP_3; | ||
329 | } else { | ||
330 | rand_type = TYPE_4; | ||
331 | rand_deg = DEG_4; | ||
332 | rand_sep = SEP_4; | ||
333 | } | ||
334 | state = &(((int32_t *)arg_state)[1]); /* first location */ | ||
335 | end_ptr = &state[rand_deg]; /* must set end_ptr before srandom */ | ||
336 | srandom_l(seed); | ||
337 | if (rand_type == TYPE_0) | ||
338 | state[-1] = rand_type; | ||
339 | else | ||
340 | state[-1] = MAX_TYPES*(rptr - state) + rand_type; | ||
341 | UNLOCK(); | ||
342 | return(ostate); | ||
343 | } | ||
344 | |||
345 | /* | ||
346 | * setstate: | ||
347 | * | ||
348 | * Restore the state from the given state array. | ||
349 | * | ||
350 | * Note: it is important that we also remember the locations of the pointers | ||
351 | * in the current state information, and restore the locations of the pointers | ||
352 | * from the old state information. This is done by multiplexing the pointer | ||
353 | * location into the zeroeth word of the state information. | ||
354 | * | ||
355 | * Note that due to the order in which things are done, it is OK to call | ||
356 | * setstate() with the same state as the current state. | ||
357 | * | ||
358 | * Returns a pointer to the old state information. | ||
359 | */ | ||
360 | char * | ||
361 | setstate(char *arg_state) | ||
362 | { | ||
363 | int32_t *new_state = (int32_t *)arg_state; | ||
364 | int32_t type = new_state[0] % MAX_TYPES; | ||
365 | int32_t rear = new_state[0] / MAX_TYPES; | ||
366 | char *ostate = (char *)(&state[-1]); | ||
367 | |||
368 | LOCK(); | ||
369 | if (rand_type == TYPE_0) | ||
370 | state[-1] = rand_type; | ||
371 | else | ||
372 | state[-1] = MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + rand_type; | ||
373 | switch(type) { | ||
374 | case TYPE_0: | ||
375 | case TYPE_1: | ||
376 | case TYPE_2: | ||
377 | case TYPE_3: | ||
378 | case TYPE_4: | ||
379 | rand_type = type; | ||
380 | rand_deg = degrees[type]; | ||
381 | rand_sep = seps[type]; | ||
382 | break; | ||
383 | default: | ||
384 | UNLOCK(); | ||
385 | return(NULL); | ||
386 | } | ||
387 | state = &new_state[1]; | ||
388 | if (rand_type != TYPE_0) { | ||
389 | rptr = &state[rear]; | ||
390 | fptr = &state[(rear + rand_sep) % rand_deg]; | ||
391 | } | ||
392 | end_ptr = &state[rand_deg]; /* set end_ptr too */ | ||
393 | UNLOCK(); | ||
394 | return(ostate); | ||
395 | } | ||
396 | |||
397 | /* | ||
398 | * random: | ||
399 | * | ||
400 | * If we are using the trivial TYPE_0 R.N.G., just do the old linear | ||
401 | * congruential bit. Otherwise, we do our fancy trinomial stuff, which is | ||
402 | * the same in all the other cases due to all the global variables that have | ||
403 | * been set up. The basic operation is to add the number at the rear pointer | ||
404 | * into the one at the front pointer. Then both pointers are advanced to | ||
405 | * the next location cyclically in the table. The value returned is the sum | ||
406 | * generated, reduced to 31 bits by throwing away the "least random" low bit. | ||
407 | * | ||
408 | * Note: the code takes advantage of the fact that both the front and | ||
409 | * rear pointers can't wrap on the same call by not testing the rear | ||
410 | * pointer if the front one has wrapped. | ||
411 | * | ||
412 | * Returns a 31-bit random number. | ||
413 | */ | ||
414 | static long | ||
415 | random_l(void) | ||
416 | { | ||
417 | int32_t i; | ||
418 | |||
419 | if (rand_type == TYPE_0) | ||
420 | i = state[0] = (state[0] * 1103515245 + 12345) & 0x7fffffff; | ||
421 | else { | ||
422 | *fptr += *rptr; | ||
423 | i = (*fptr >> 1) & 0x7fffffff; /* chucking least random bit */ | ||
424 | if (++fptr >= end_ptr) { | ||
425 | fptr = state; | ||
426 | ++rptr; | ||
427 | } else if (++rptr >= end_ptr) | ||
428 | rptr = state; | ||
429 | } | ||
430 | return((long)i); | ||
431 | } | ||
432 | |||
433 | long | ||
434 | random(void) | ||
435 | { | ||
436 | long r; | ||
437 | LOCK(); | ||
438 | r = random_l(); | ||
439 | UNLOCK(); | ||
440 | return r; | ||
441 | } | ||
442 | |||
443 | #if defined(APIWARN) | ||
444 | __warn_references(random, | ||
445 | "warning: random() isn't random; consider using arc4random()"); | ||
446 | #endif | ||