83 files changed, 12353 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.inc b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b4c88b9af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#       $OpenBDS: Makefile.inc,v 1.6 1996/08/21 03:47:21 tholo Exp $
+
+# stdlib sources
+.PATH: ${LIBCSRCDIR}/arch/${MACHINE_ARCH}/stdlib ${LIBCSRCDIR}/stdlib
+
+SRCS+=  a64l.c abort.c atexit.c atoi.c atof.c atol.c bsearch.c calloc.c \
+        cfree.c exit.c getenv.c getopt.c getsubopt.c heapsort.c l64a.c \
+        malloc.c merge.c multibyte.c putenv.c qsort.c radixsort.c rand.c \
+        random.c realpath.c setenv.c strtod.c strtol.c strtoll.c strtoul.c \
+        strtoull.c system.c tfind.c tsearch.c \
+        _rand48.c drand48.c erand48.c jrand48.c lcong48.c lrand48.c \
+        mrand48.c nrand48.c seed48.c srand48.c qabs.c qdiv.c
+
+.if   (${MACHINE_ARCH} == "m68k")
+SRCS+=  abs.S div.c labs.c ldiv.c
+LSRCS+= abs.c
+.elif (${MACHINE_ARCH} == "i386")
+SRCS+=  abs.S div.S labs.S ldiv.S
+LSRCS+= abs.c div.c labs.c ldiv.c
+.elif (${MACHINE_ARCH} == "ns32k")
+SRCS+=  abs.S div.c labs.c ldiv.c
+LSRCS+= abs.c
+.elif (${MACHINE_ARCH} == "tahoe")
+SRCS+=  abs.S div.c labs.c ldiv.c
+LSRCS+= abs.c
+.elif (${MACHINE_ARCH} == "vax")
+SRCS+=  abs.c div.c labs.c ldiv.c
+.elif (${MACHINE_ARCH} == "alpha")
+# XXX should be .S's
+SRCS+=  abs.c div.c labs.c ldiv.c
+.else
+SRCS+=  abs.c div.c labs.c ldiv.c
+.endif
+
+MAN+=   a64l.3 abort.3 abs.3 alloca.3 atexit.3 atof.3 atoi.3 atol.3 bsearch.3 \
+        div.3 exit.3 getenv.3 getopt.3 getsubopt.3 labs.3 ldiv.3 \
+        malloc.3 memory.3 qabs.3 qdiv.3 qsort.3 radixsort.3 rand48.3 rand.3 \
+        random.3 realpath.3 strtod.3 strtol.3 strtoul.3 system.3 tsearch.3
+
+MLINKS+=getenv.3 setenv.3 getenv.3 unsetenv.3 getenv.3 putenv.3
+MLINKS+=malloc.3 free.3 malloc.3 realloc.3 malloc.3 calloc.3
+MLINKS+=malloc.3 cfree.3 malloc.3 malloc.conf.5
+MLINKS+=qsort.3 heapsort.3 qsort.3 mergesort.3
+MLINKS+=radixsort.3 sradixsort.3
+MLINKS+=rand.3 srand.3 rand.3 rand_r.3
+MLINKS+=random.3 initstate.3 random.3 setstate.3
+MLINKS+=random.3 srandom.3 random.3 srandomdev.3
+MLINKS+=rand48.3 drand48.3 rand48.3 erand48.3 rand48.3 lrand48.3
+MLINKS+=rand48.3 mrand48.3 rand48.3 nrand48.3 rand48.3 jrand48.3
+MLINKS+=rand48.3 srand48.3 rand48.3 seed48.3 rand48.3 lcong48.3
+MLINKS+=strtol.3 strtoll.3 strtol.3 strtoq.3
+MLINKS+=strtoul.3 strtoull.3 strtoul.3 strtouq.3
+MLINKS+=tsearch.3 tfind.3
+MLINKS+=tsearch.3 tdelete.3
+MLINKS+=tsearch.3 twalk.3
+MLINKS+=a64l.3 l64a.3
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/_rand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/_rand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fed7372f68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/_rand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: _rand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:19 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+unsigned short __rand48_seed[3] = {
+        RAND48_SEED_0,
+        RAND48_SEED_1,
+        RAND48_SEED_2
+};
+unsigned short __rand48_mult[3] = {
+        RAND48_MULT_0,
+        RAND48_MULT_1,
+        RAND48_MULT_2
+};
+unsigned short __rand48_add = RAND48_ADD;
+
+void
+__dorand48(unsigned short xseed[3])
+{
+        unsigned long accu;
+        unsigned short temp[2];
+
+        accu = (unsigned long) __rand48_mult[0] * (unsigned long) xseed[0] +
+         (unsigned long) __rand48_add;
+        temp[0] = (unsigned short) accu;        /* lower 16 bits */
+        accu >>= sizeof(unsigned short) * 8;
+        accu += (unsigned long) __rand48_mult[0] * (unsigned long) xseed[1] +
+         (unsigned long) __rand48_mult[1] * (unsigned long) xseed[0];
+        temp[1] = (unsigned short) accu;        /* middle 16 bits */
+        accu >>= sizeof(unsigned short) * 8;
+        accu += __rand48_mult[0] * xseed[2] + __rand48_mult[1] * xseed[1] + __rand48_mult[2] * xseed[0];
+        xseed[0] = temp[0];
+        xseed[1] = temp[1];
+        xseed[2] = (unsigned short) accu;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/a64l.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/a64l.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..787634303c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/a64l.3
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+.\" AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+.\" THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+.\" EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+.\" PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+.\" OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+.\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" $OpenBSD: a64l.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:01 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd August 17, 1997
+.Dt A64L 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm a64l ,
+.Nm l64a
+.Nd convert between 32-bit integer and radix-64 ASCII string
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft long
+.Fn a64l "const char *s"
+.Ft char *
+.Fn l64a "long l"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn a64l
+and
+.Fn l64a
+functions are used to maintain numbers stored in radix-64
+.Tn ASCII
+characters.
+This is a notation by which 32-bit integers
+can be represented by up to six characters; each character represents a
+.Dq digit
+in a radix-64 notation.
+.Pp
+The characters used to represent digits are
+.Ql \&.
+for 0,
+.Ql /
+for 1,
+.Ql 0
+through
+.Ql 9
+for 2-11,
+.Ql A
+through
+.Ql Z
+for 12-37, and
+.Ql a
+through
+.Ql z
+for 38-63.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn a64l
+function takes a pointer to a null-terminated radix-64 representation
+and returns a corresponding 32-bit value.
+If the string pointed to by
+.Fa s
+contains more than six characters,
+.Fn a64l
+will use the first six.
+.Fn a64l
+scans the character string from left to right, decoding
+each character as a 6-bit radix-64 number.
+If a long integer is
+larger than 32 bits, the return value will be sign-extended.
+.Pp
+.Fn l64a
+takes a long integer argument
+.Fa l
+and returns a pointer to the corresponding radix-64 representation.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+On success,
+.Fn a64l
+returns a 32-bit representation of
+.Fa s .
+If
+.Fa s
+is a null pointer or if it contains digits other than those described above.
+.Fn a64l
+returns \-1 and sets the global variable
+.Va errno
+to
+.Er EINVAL .
+.Pp
+On success,
+.Fn l64a
+returns a pointer to a string containing the radix-64 representation of
+.Fa l .
+If
+.Fa l
+is 0,
+.Fn l64a
+returns a pointer to the empty string.
+If
+.Fa l
+is negative,
+.Fn l64a
+returns a null pointer and sets the global variable
+.Va errno
+to
+.Er EINVAL .
+.Sh WARNINGS
+The value returned by
+.Fn l64a
+is a pointer into a static buffer, the contents of which
+will be overwritten by subsequent calls.
+.Pp
+The value returned by
+.Fn a64l
+may be incorrect if the value is too large; for that reason, only strings
+that resulted from a call to
+.Fn l64a
+should be used to call
+.Fn a64l .
+.Pp
+If a long integer is larger than 32 bits, only the low-order
+32 bits are used.
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn a64l
+and
+.Fn l64a
+functions conform to
+.St -xpg4.2 .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/a64l.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/a64l.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a68f0a6dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/a64l.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Written by J.T. Conklin <jtc@netbsd.org>.
+ * Public domain.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: a64l.c,v 1.3 1997/08/17 22:58:34 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+long
+a64l(s)
+        const char *s;
+{
+        long value, digit, shift;
+        int i;
+
+        if (s == NULL) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return(-1L);
+        }
+
+        value = 0;
+        shift = 0;
+        for (i = 0; *s && i < 6; i++, s++) {
+                if (*s >= '.' && *s <= '/')
+                        digit = *s - '.';
+                else if (*s >= '0' && *s <= '9')
+                        digit = *s - '0' + 2;
+                else if (*s >= 'A' && *s <= 'Z')
+                        digit = *s - 'A' + 12;
+                else if (*s >= 'a' && *s <= 'z')
+                        digit = *s - 'a' + 38;
+                else {
+                        errno = EINVAL;
+                        return(-1L);
+                }
+
+                value |= digit << shift;
+                shift += 6;
+        }
+
+        return(value);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abort.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abort.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..743d42dd8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abort.3
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: abort.3,v 1.6 2000/04/20 13:50:01 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt ABORT 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm abort
+.Nd cause abnormal program termination
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void
+.Fn abort void
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn abort
+function causes abnormal program termination to occur, unless the signal
+.Dv SIGABRT
+is being caught and the signal handler does not return.
+.Pp
+Any open streams are flushed and closed.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn abort
+function never returns.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sigaction 2 ,
+.Xr exit 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn abort
+function conforms to
+.St -p1003.1-90 .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abort.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41a9f0f48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: abort.c,v 1.7 2001/08/12 12:03:01 heko Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "thread_private.h"
+
+void (*__cleanup)();
+
+void
+abort()
+{
+        static int cleanup_called = 0;
+        sigset_t mask;
+
+
+        sigfillset(&mask);
+        /*
+         * don't block SIGABRT to give any handler a chance; we ignore
+         * any errors -- X311J doesn't allow abort to return anyway.
+         */
+        sigdelset(&mask, SIGABRT);
+#ifdef _THREAD_SAFE
+        (void)_thread_sys_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *)NULL);
+#else  /* _THREAD_SAFE */
+        (void)sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *)NULL);
+#endif /* _THREAD_SAFE */
+
+        /*
+         * POSIX requires we flush stdio buffers on abort
+         */
+        if (cleanup_called == 0 && __cleanup != NULL) {
+                cleanup_called = 1;
+                (*__cleanup)();
+        }
+
+        (void)kill(getpid(), SIGABRT);
+
+        /*
+         * if SIGABRT ignored, or caught and the handler returns, do
+         * it again, only harder.
+         */
+        (void)signal(SIGABRT, SIG_DFL);
+#ifdef _THREAD_SAFE
+        (void)_thread_sys_sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *)NULL);
+#else  /* _THREAD_SAFE */
+        (void)sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, (sigset_t *)NULL);
+#endif /* _THREAD_SAFE */
+        (void)kill(getpid(), SIGABRT);
+        exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abs.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abs.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f7c097ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abs.3
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: abs.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:01 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt ABS 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm abs
+.Nd integer absolute value function
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft int
+.Fn abs "int j"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn abs
+function computes the absolute value of the integer
+.Fa j .
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn abs
+function returns the absolute value.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr cabs 3 ,
+.Xr floor 3 ,
+.Xr hypot 3 ,
+.Xr labs 3 ,
+.Xr math 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn abs
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Sh BUGS
+The absolute value of the most negative integer remains negative.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abs.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c79e4073c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/abs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: abs.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:21 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int
+abs(j)
+        int j;
+{
+        return(j < 0 ? -j : j);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/alloca.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/alloca.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..431443a6e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/alloca.3
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991 Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: alloca.3,v 1.9 2001/12/06 04:21:27 deraadt Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd May 2, 1991
+.Dt ALLOCA 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm alloca
+.Nd memory allocator
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void *
+.Fn alloca "size_t size"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn alloca
+function allocates
+.Fa size
+bytes of space in the stack frame of the caller.
+This temporary space is automatically freed on return.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn alloca
+function returns a pointer to the beginning of the allocated space.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr pagesize 1 ,
+.Xr brk 2 ,
+.Xr calloc 3 ,
+.Xr malloc 3 ,
+.Xr realloc 3
+.Sh BUGS
+The
+.Fn alloca
+function is machine dependent; its use is discouraged.
+.\" .Sh HISTORY
+.\" The
+.\" .Fn alloca
+.\" function appeared in
+.\" .Bx ?? .
+.\" The function appeared in 32v, pwb and pwb.2 and in 3bsd 4bsd
+.\" The first man page (or link to a man page that I can find at the
+.\" moment is 4.3...
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn alloca
+function is slightly unsafe because it cannot ensure that the pointer
+returned points to a valid and usable block of memory.
+The allocation made may exceed the bounds of the stack, or even go
+further into other objects in memory, and
+.Fn alloca
+cannot determine such an error.
+Avoid
+.Fn alloca
+with large unbounded allocations.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d79ede649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.3
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
+.\" on Information Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: atexit.3,v 1.4 2000/04/20 13:50:01 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt ATEXIT 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm atexit
+.Nd register a function to be called on exit
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft int
+.Fn atexit "void (*function)(void)"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn atexit
+function registers the given
+.Fa function
+to be called at program exit, whether via
+.Xr exit 3
+or via return from the program's
+.Fn main .
+Functions so registered are called in reverse order;
+no arguments are passed.
+At least 32 functions can always be registered,
+and more are allowed as long as sufficient memory can be allocated.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+.Rv -std atexit
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er ENOMEM
+No memory was available to add the function to the list.
+The existing list of functions is unmodified.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr exit 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn atexit
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92c4884f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 Daniel Hartmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ *    - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *    - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ *      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+ *      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+ *      with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
+ * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: atexit.c,v 1.5 2002/08/30 07:58:07 dhartmei Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "atexit.h"
+
+int __atexit_invalid = 1;
+struct atexit *__atexit;
+
+/*
+ * Register a function to be performed at exit.
+ */
+int
+atexit(fn)
+        void (*fn)();
+{
+        register struct atexit *p = __atexit;
+        register int pgsize = getpagesize();
+
+        if (pgsize < sizeof(*p))
+                return (-1);
+        if (p != NULL) {
+                if (p->ind + 1 >= p->max)
+                        p = NULL;
+                else if (mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE))
+                        return (-1);
+        }
+        if (p == NULL) {
+                if (__atexit_invalid) {
+                        /* malloc.c wants the first mmap() for sbrk()
+                           games ('nice hack'), so enforce
+                           malloc_init() with a dummy call.  */
+                        free(malloc(1));
+                        __atexit_invalid = 0;
+                }
+                p = mmap(NULL, pgsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+                    MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+                if (p == MAP_FAILED)
+                        return (-1);
+                p->ind = 0;
+                p->max = (pgsize - ((char *)&p->fns[0] - (char *)p)) /
+                    sizeof(p->fns[0]);
+                p->next = __atexit;
+                __atexit = p;
+        }
+        p->fns[p->ind++] = fn;
+        if (mprotect(p, pgsize, PROT_READ))
+                return (-1);
+        return (0);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.h b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28bf3a7f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atexit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*      $OpenBSD: atexit.h,v 1.5 2002/08/30 07:58:07 dhartmei Exp $ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 Daniel Hartmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *
+ *    - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *    - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ *      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+ *      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+ *      with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
+ * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ */
+
+struct atexit {
+        struct atexit *next;            /* next in list */
+        int ind;                        /* next index in this table */
+        int max;                        /* max entries >= ATEXIT_SIZE */
+        void (*fns[1])();               /* the table itself */
+};
+
+extern int __atexit_invalid;
+extern struct atexit *__atexit;         /* points to head of LIFO stack */
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atof.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atof.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0bd85dbe82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atof.3
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: atof.3,v 1.3 1999/06/29 18:36:18 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt ATOF 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm atof
+.Nd convert
+.Tn ASCII
+string to double
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft double
+.Fn atof "const char *nptr"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn atof
+function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by
+.Fa nptr
+to
+.Li double
+representation.
+.Pp
+It is equivalent to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+strtod(nptr, (char **)NULL);
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr atoi 3 ,
+.Xr atol 3 ,
+.Xr strtod 3 ,
+.Xr strtol 3 ,
+.Xr strtoul 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn atof
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atof.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atof.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30bac19899
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atof.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: atof.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:24 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+double
+atof(ascii)
+        const char *ascii;
+{
+        return(strtod(ascii, (char **)NULL));
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atoi.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atoi.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69b94be70c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atoi.3
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: atoi.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:01 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 4, 1993
+.Dt ATOI 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm atoi
+.Nd convert
+.Tn ASCII
+string to integer
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft int
+.Fn atoi "const char *nptr"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn atoi
+function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by
+.Fa nptr
+to
+.Li integer
+representation.
+.Pp
+It is equivalent to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+(int)strtol(nptr, (char **)NULL, 10);
+.Ed
+.Sh CAVEATS
+.Nm
+does no overflow checking, handles unsigned numbers poorly,
+and handles strings containing trailing extra characters
+(like
+.Dq "123abc" Ns )
+poorly.
+Careful use of
+.Xr strtol 3
+and
+.Xr strtoul 3
+can alleviate these problems.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr atof 3 ,
+.Xr atol 3 ,
+.Xr strtod 3 ,
+.Xr strtol 3 ,
+.Xr strtoul 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn atoi
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atoi.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atoi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a74d6e1351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atoi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1988 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: atoi.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:24 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int
+atoi(str)
+        const char *str;
+{
+        return((int)strtol(str, (char **)NULL, 10));
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atol.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atol.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53a518997f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atol.3
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: atol.3,v 1.4 2000/04/20 13:50:01 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt ATOL 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm atol
+.Nd convert
+.Tn ASCII
+string to long integer
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft long
+.Fn atol "const char *nptr"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn atol
+function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by
+.Fa nptr
+to
+.Li long integer
+representation.
+.Pp
+It is equivalent to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+strtol(nptr, (char **)NULL, 10);
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr atof 3 ,
+.Xr atoi 3 ,
+.Xr strtod 3 ,
+.Xr strtol 3 ,
+.Xr strtoul 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn atol
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atol.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atol.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..528a932214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/atol.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1988 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: atol.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:26 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+long
+atol(str)
+        const char *str;
+{
+        return(strtol(str, (char **)NULL, 10));
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/bsearch.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/bsearch.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bb9d4ece4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/bsearch.3
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
+.\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: bsearch.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:01 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd April 19, 1994
+.Dt BSEARCH 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm bsearch
+.Nd binary search of a sorted table
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void *
+.Fn bsearch "const void *key" "const void *base" "size_t nmemb" "size_t size" "int (*compar) (const void *, const void *)"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn bsearch
+function searches an array of
+.Fa nmemb
+objects, the initial member of which is
+pointed to by
+.Fa base ,
+for a member that matches the object pointed to by
+.Fa key .
+The size of each member of the array is specified by
+.Fa size .
+.Pp
+The contents of the array should be in ascending sorted order according
+to the comparison function referenced by
+.Fa compar .
+The
+.Fa compar
+routine is expected to have two arguments which point to the
+.Fa key
+object and to an array member, in that order, and should return an integer
+less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the
+.Fa key
+object is found, respectively, to be less than, to match, or be
+greater than the array member.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn bsearch
+function returns a pointer to a matching member of the array, or a null
+pointer if no match is found.
+If two members compare as equal, which member is matched is unspecified.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr db 3 ,
+.Xr lsearch 3 ,
+.Xr qsort 3 ,
+.Xr tsearch 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn bsearch
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/bsearch.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/bsearch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1903202b6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/bsearch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: bsearch.c,v 1.3 2002/02/16 21:27:24 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/*
+ * Perform a binary search.
+ *
+ * The code below is a bit sneaky.  After a comparison fails, we
+ * divide the work in half by moving either left or right. If lim
+ * is odd, moving left simply involves halving lim: e.g., when lim
+ * is 5 we look at item 2, so we change lim to 2 so that we will
+ * look at items 0 & 1.  If lim is even, the same applies.  If lim
+ * is odd, moving right again involes halving lim, this time moving
+ * the base up one item past p: e.g., when lim is 5 we change base
+ * to item 3 and make lim 2 so that we will look at items 3 and 4.
+ * If lim is even, however, we have to shrink it by one before
+ * halving: e.g., when lim is 4, we still looked at item 2, so we
+ * have to make lim 3, then halve, obtaining 1, so that we will only
+ * look at item 3.
+ */
+void *
+bsearch(key, base0, nmemb, size, compar)
+        register const void *key;
+        const void *base0;
+        size_t nmemb;
+        register size_t size;
+        register int (*compar)(const void *, const void *);
+{
+        register const char *base = base0;
+        register int lim, cmp;
+        register const void *p;
+
+        for (lim = nmemb; lim != 0; lim >>= 1) {
+                p = base + (lim >> 1) * size;
+                cmp = (*compar)(key, p);
+                if (cmp == 0)
+                        return ((void *)p);
+                if (cmp > 0) {  /* key > p: move right */
+                        base = (char *)p + size;
+                        lim--;
+                } /* else move left */
+        }
+        return (NULL);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/calloc.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/calloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c75b256d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/calloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: calloc.c,v 1.7 2002/07/31 09:19:04 deraadt Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+void *
+calloc(num, size)
+        size_t num;
+        register size_t size;
+{
+        register void *p;
+
+        if (num && size && SIZE_T_MAX / num < size) {
+                errno = ENOMEM;
+                return NULL;
+        }
+        size *= num;
+        p = malloc(size);
+        if (p)
+                memset(p, 0, size);
+        return(p);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/cfree.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/cfree.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3af32039a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/cfree.c
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*      $OpenBSD: cfree.c,v 1.1 1996/08/21 03:47:22 tholo Exp $ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1996 SigmaSoft, Th. Lockert <tholo@sigmasoft.com>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by SigmaSoft, Th.  Lockert.
+ * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+ * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+ * OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+ * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+ * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: cfree.c,v 1.1 1996/08/21 03:47:22 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+#ifdef __indr_reference
+__indr_reference(free, cfree);
+#else
+
+void
+cfree(p)
+        void *p;
+{
+    free(p);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/div.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/div.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f651d7fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/div.3
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Chris Torek.
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: div.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:02 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd April 19, 1991
+.Dt DIV 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm div
+.Nd return quotient and remainder from division
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft div_t
+.Fn div "int num" "int denom"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn div
+function computes the value
+.Fa num Ns No / Ns Fa denom
+and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named
+.Fa div_t
+that contains two
+.Li int
+members named
+.Fa quot
+and
+.Fa rem .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr ldiv 3 ,
+.Xr math 3 ,
+.Xr qdiv 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn div
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/div.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/div.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1fae29008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/div.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Chris Torek.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: div.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:29 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>             /* div_t */
+
+div_t
+div(num, denom)
+        int num, denom;
+{
+        div_t r;
+
+        r.quot = num / denom;
+        r.rem = num % denom;
+        /*
+         * The ANSI standard says that |r.quot| <= |n/d|, where
+         * n/d is to be computed in infinite precision.  In other
+         * words, we should always truncate the quotient towards
+         * 0, never -infinity.
+         *
+         * Machine division and remainer may work either way when
+         * one or both of n or d is negative.  If only one is
+         * negative and r.quot has been truncated towards -inf,
+         * r.rem will have the same sign as denom and the opposite
+         * sign of num; if both are negative and r.quot has been
+         * truncated towards -inf, r.rem will be positive (will
+         * have the opposite sign of num).  These are considered
+         * `wrong'.
+         *
+         * If both are num and denom are positive, r will always
+         * be positive.
+         *
+         * This all boils down to:
+         *      if num >= 0, but r.rem < 0, we got the wrong answer.
+         * In that case, to get the right answer, add 1 to r.quot and
+         * subtract denom from r.rem.
+         */
+        if (num >= 0 && r.rem < 0) {
+                r.quot++;
+                r.rem -= denom;
+        }
+        return (r);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/drand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/drand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02886d5b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/drand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: drand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:29 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+extern unsigned short __rand48_seed[3];
+
+double
+drand48(void)
+{
+        return erand48(__rand48_seed);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/erand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/erand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b92dacffcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/erand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: erand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:29 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+double
+erand48(unsigned short xseed[3])
+{
+        __dorand48(xseed);
+        return ldexp((double) xseed[0], -48) +
+               ldexp((double) xseed[1], -32) +
+               ldexp((double) xseed[2], -16);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/exit.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/exit.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcfdfd38f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/exit.3
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: exit.3,v 1.6 2001/07/27 23:48:12 mpech Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt EXIT 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm exit
+.Nd perform normal program termination
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void
+.Fn exit "int status"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn exit
+function terminates a process.
+.Pp
+Before termination it performs the following functions in the
+order listed:
+.Bl -enum -offset indent
+.It
+Call the functions registered with the
+.Xr atexit 3
+function, in the reverse order of their registration.
+.It
+Flush all open output streams.
+.It
+Close all open streams.
+.It
+Unlink all files created with the
+.Xr tmpfile 3
+function.
+.El
+Following this,
+.Fn exit
+calls
+.Xr _exit 2 .
+Note that typically
+.Xr exit 2
+only passes the lower 8 bits of
+.Fa status
+on to the parent, thus negative values have less meaning.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn exit
+function never returns.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr _exit 2 ,
+.Xr atexit 3 ,
+.Xr intro 3 ,
+.Xr sysexits 3 ,
+.Xr tmpfile 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn exit
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/exit.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/exit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c69639125e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/exit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: exit.c,v 1.7 2002/08/30 07:58:07 dhartmei Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "atexit.h"
+#include "thread_private.h"
+
+void (*__cleanup)();
+
+/*
+ * This variable is zero until a process has created a thread.
+ * It is used to avoid calling locking functions in libc when they
+ * are not required. By default, libc is intended to be(come)
+ * thread-safe, but without a (significant) penalty to non-threaded
+ * processes.
+ */
+int     __isthreaded    = 0;
+
+/*
+ * Exit, flushing stdio buffers if necessary.
+ */
+void
+exit(status)
+        int status;
+{
+        register struct atexit *p, *q;
+        register int n, pgsize = getpagesize();
+
+        if (!__atexit_invalid) {
+                p = __atexit;
+                while (p != NULL) {
+                        for (n = p->ind; --n >= 0;)
+                                (*p->fns[n])();
+                        q = p;
+                        p = p->next;
+                        munmap(q, pgsize);
+                }
+        }
+        if (__cleanup)
+                (*__cleanup)();
+        _exit(status);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getenv.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getenv.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2aa0080d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getenv.3
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
+.\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: getenv.3,v 1.7 2000/04/20 13:50:02 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd December 11, 1993
+.Dt GETENV 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm getenv ,
+.Nm putenv ,
+.Nm setenv ,
+.Nm unsetenv
+.Nd environment variable functions
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft char *
+.Fn getenv "const char *name"
+.Ft int
+.Fn setenv "const char *name" "const char *value" "int overwrite"
+.Ft int
+.Fn putenv "const char *string"
+.Ft void
+.Fn unsetenv "const char *name"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+These functions set, unset, and fetch environment variables from the host
+.Em environment list .
+For compatibility with differing environment conventions, the given arguments
+.Fa name
+and
+.Fa value
+may be appended and prepended, respectively, with an equal sign
+.Dq Li \&= .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn getenv
+function obtains the current value of the environment variable,
+.Fa name .
+If the variable
+.Fa name
+is not in the current environment, a null pointer is returned.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn setenv
+function inserts or resets the environment variable
+.Fa name
+in the current environment list.
+If the variable
+.Fa name
+does not exist in the list, it is inserted with the given
+.Fa value .
+If the variable does exist, the argument
+.Fa overwrite
+is tested; if
+.Fa overwrite
+is zero, the variable is not reset, otherwise it is reset to the given
+.Fa value .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn putenv
+function takes an argument of the form
+.Ar name Ns No = Ns Ar value
+and is equivalent to:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+setenv(name, value, 1);
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn unsetenv
+function deletes all instances of the variable name pointed to by
+.Fa name
+from the list.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The functions
+.Fn setenv
+and
+.Fn putenv
+return zero if successful; otherwise the global variable
+.Va errno
+is set to indicate the error and \-1 is returned.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fn getenv
+is successful, the string returned should be considered read-only.
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Bl -tag -width [ENOMEM]
+.It Bq Er ENOMEM
+The function
+.Fn setenv
+or
+.Fn putenv
+failed because they were unable to allocate memory for the environment.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr csh 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr environ 7
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn getenv
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Sh HISTORY
+The functions
+.Fn setenv
+and
+.Fn unsetenv
+appeared in
+.At v7 .
+The
+.Fn putenv
+function appeared in
+.Bx 4.3 Reno .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getenv.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getenv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4db86df915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: getenv.c,v 1.4 1998/07/16 18:02:33 deraadt Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/*
+ * __findenv --
+ *      Returns pointer to value associated with name, if any, else NULL.
+ *      Sets offset to be the offset of the name/value combination in the
+ *      environmental array, for use by setenv(3) and unsetenv(3).
+ *      Explicitly removes '=' in argument name.
+ *
+ *      This routine *should* be a static; don't use it.
+ */
+char *
+__findenv(name, offset)
+        register const char *name;
+        int *offset;
+{
+        extern char **environ;
+        register int len, i;
+        register const char *np;
+        register char **p, *cp;
+
+        if (name == NULL || environ == NULL)
+                return (NULL);
+        for (np = name; *np && *np != '='; ++np)
+                ;
+        len = np - name;
+        for (p = environ; (cp = *p) != NULL; ++p) {
+                for (np = name, i = len; i && *cp; i--)
+                        if (*cp++ != *np++)
+                                break;
+                if (i == 0 && *cp++ == '=') {
+                        *offset = p - environ;
+                        return (cp);
+                }
+        }
+        return (NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * getenv --
+ *      Returns ptr to value associated with name, if any, else NULL.
+ */
+char *
+getenv(name)
+        const char *name;
+{
+        int offset;
+        char *__findenv();
+
+        return(__findenv(name, &offset));
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4acbe69606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.3
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: getopt.3,v 1.17 2002/08/19 22:29:52 miod Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd April 19, 1994
+.Dt GETOPT 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm getopt
+.Nd get option character from command line argument list
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <unistd.h>
+.Vt extern char *optarg;
+.Vt extern int   optind;
+.Vt extern int   optopt;
+.Vt extern int   opterr;
+.Vt extern int   optreset;
+.Ft int
+.Fn getopt "int argc" "char * const *argv" "const char *optstring"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn getopt
+function incrementally parses a command line argument list
+.Fa argv
+and returns the next known option character.
+An option character is
+.Dq known
+if it has been specified in the string of accepted option characters,
+.Fa optstring .
+.Pp
+The option string
+.Fa optstring
+may contain the following elements: individual characters and
+characters followed by a colon to indicate an option argument
+is to follow.
+For example, an option string
+.Qq x
+recognizes an option
+.Fl x ,
+and an option string
+.Qq Li x:
+recognizes an option and argument
+.Fl x Ar argument .
+It does not matter to
+.Fn getopt
+if a following argument has leading whitespace.
+.Pp
+On return from
+.Fn getopt ,
+.Va optarg
+points to an option argument, if it is anticipated,
+and the variable
+.Va optind
+contains the index to the next
+.Fa argv
+argument for a subsequent call
+to
+.Fn getopt .
+The variable
+.Va optopt
+saves the last known option character returned by
+.Fn getopt .
+.Pp
+The variables
+.Va opterr
+and
+.Va optind
+are both initialized to 1.
+The
+.Va optind
+variable may be set to another value before a set of calls to
+.Fn getopt
+in order to skip over more or less argv entries.
+.Pp
+In order to use
+.Fn getopt
+to evaluate multiple sets of arguments, or to evaluate a single set of
+arguments multiple times,
+the variable
+.Va optreset
+must be set to 1 before the second and each additional set of calls to
+.Fn getopt ,
+and the variable
+.Va optind
+must be reinitialized.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn getopt
+function returns \-1 when the argument list is exhausted.
+The interpretation of options in the argument list may be cancelled
+by the option
+.Ql --
+(double dash) which causes
+.Fn getopt
+to signal the end of argument processing and returns \-1.
+When all options have been processed (i.e., up to the first non-option
+argument),
+.Fn getopt
+returns \-1.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Bd -literal -compact
+int bflag, ch, fd;
+
+bflag = 0;
+while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "bf:")) != -1) {
+        switch (ch) {
+        case 'b':
+                bflag = 1;
+                break;
+        case 'f':
+                if ((fd = open(optarg, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
+                        (void)fprintf(stderr,
+                            "myname: %s: %s\en", optarg, strerror(errno));
+                        exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+        case '?':
+        default:
+                usage();
+        }
+}
+argc -= optind;
+argv += optind;
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr getopt 1 ,
+.Xr getsubopt 3
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+If the
+.Fn getopt
+function encounters a character not found in the string
+.Va optstring
+or detects
+a missing option argument it writes an error message to
+.Em stderr
+and returns
+.Ql ? .
+Setting
+.Va opterr
+to a zero will disable these error messages.
+If
+.Va optstring
+has a leading
+.Ql \&:
+then a missing option argument causes a
+.Ql \&:
+to be returned in addition to suppressing any error messages.
+.Pp
+Option arguments are allowed to begin with
+.Ql - ;
+this is reasonable but reduces the amount of error checking possible.
+.Sh EXTENSIONS
+The
+.Va optreset
+variable was added to make it possible to call the
+.Fn getopt
+function multiple times.
+This is an extension to the
+.St -p1003.2
+specification.
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Fn getopt
+function appeared in
+.Bx 4.3 .
+.Sh BUGS
+The
+.Fn getopt
+function was once specified to return
+.Dv EOF
+instead of \-1.
+This was changed by
+.St -p1003.2-92
+to decouple
+.Fn getopt
+from
+.Pa <stdio.h> .
+.Pp
+A single dash
+.Pq Ql -
+may be specified as a character in
+.Fa optstring ,
+however it should
+.Em never
+have an argument associated with it.
+This allows
+.Fn getopt
+to be used with programs that expect
+.Ql -
+as an option flag.
+This practice is wrong, and should not be used in any current development.
+It is provided for backward compatibility
+.Em only .
+By default, a single dash causes
+.Fn getopt
+to return \-1.
+This is, we believe, compatible with System V.
+.Pp
+It is also possible to handle digits as option letters.
+This allows
+.Fn getopt
+to be used with programs that expect a number
+.Pq Dq Li \&-\&3
+as an option.
+This practice is wrong, and should not be used in any current development.
+It is provided for backward compatibility
+.Em only .
+The following code fragment works in most cases.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+long length;
+char *p;
+
+while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "0123456789")) != -1) {
+        switch (c) {
+        case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+        case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+                p = argv[optind - 1];
+                if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] == ch && !p[2])
+                        length = ch - '0';
+                else
+                        length = strtol(argv[optind] + 1, NULL, 10);
+                break;
+        }
+}
+.Ed
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7f6163662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1994
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: getopt.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:32 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int     opterr = 1,             /* if error message should be printed */
+        optind = 1,             /* index into parent argv vector */
+        optopt,                 /* character checked for validity */
+        optreset;               /* reset getopt */
+char    *optarg;                /* argument associated with option */
+
+#define BADCH   (int)'?'
+#define BADARG  (int)':'
+#define EMSG    ""
+
+/*
+ * getopt --
+ *      Parse argc/argv argument vector.
+ */
+int
+getopt(nargc, nargv, ostr)
+        int nargc;
+        char * const *nargv;
+        const char *ostr;
+{
+        extern char *__progname;
+        static char *place = EMSG;              /* option letter processing */
+        char *oli;                              /* option letter list index */
+
+        if (optreset || !*place) {              /* update scanning pointer */
+                optreset = 0;
+                if (optind >= nargc || *(place = nargv[optind]) != '-') {
+                        place = EMSG;
+                        return (-1);
+                }
+                if (place[1] && *++place == '-') {      /* found "--" */
+                        ++optind;
+                        place = EMSG;
+                        return (-1);
+                }
+        }                                       /* option letter okay? */
+        if ((optopt = (int)*place++) == (int)':' ||
+            !(oli = strchr(ostr, optopt))) {
+                /*
+                 * if the user didn't specify '-' as an option,
+                 * assume it means -1.
+                 */
+                if (optopt == (int)'-')
+                        return (-1);
+                if (!*place)
+                        ++optind;
+                if (opterr && *ostr != ':')
+                        (void)fprintf(stderr,
+                            "%s: illegal option -- %c\n", __progname, optopt);
+                return (BADCH);
+        }
+        if (*++oli != ':') {                    /* don't need argument */
+                optarg = NULL;
+                if (!*place)
+                        ++optind;
+        }
+        else {                                  /* need an argument */
+                if (*place)                     /* no white space */
+                        optarg = place;
+                else if (nargc <= ++optind) {   /* no arg */
+                        place = EMSG;
+                        if (*ostr == ':')
+                                return (BADARG);
+                        if (opterr)
+                                (void)fprintf(stderr,
+                                    "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n",
+                                    __progname, optopt);
+                        return (BADCH);
+                }
+                else                            /* white space */
+                        optarg = nargv[optind];
+                place = EMSG;
+                ++optind;
+        }
+        return (optopt);                        /* dump back option letter */
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a17da4ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.3
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+.\" $OpenBSD: getsubopt.3,v 1.5 2000/12/15 14:31:17 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)getsubopt.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 9, 1993
+.Dt GETSUBOPT 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm getsubopt
+.Nd get sub options from an argument
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Vt extern char *suboptarg;
+.Ft int
+.Fn getsubopt "char **optionp" "char * const *tokens" "char **valuep"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn getsubopt
+function parses a string containing tokens delimited by one or more
+tab, space or comma
+.Pq Ql \&,
+characters.
+It is intended for use in parsing groups of option arguments provided
+as part of a utility command line.
+.Pp
+The argument
+.Fa optionp
+is a pointer to a pointer to the string.
+The argument
+.Fa tokens
+is a pointer to a null-terminated array of pointers to strings.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn getsubopt
+function returns the zero-based offset of the pointer in the
+.Fa tokens
+array referencing a string which matches the first token
+in the string, or, \-1 if the string contains no tokens or
+.Fa tokens
+does not contain a matching string.
+.Pp
+If the token is of the form
+.Ar name Ns No = Ns Ar value ,
+the location referenced by
+.Fa valuep
+will be set to point to the start of the
+.Dq value
+portion of the token.
+.Pp
+On return from
+.Fn getsubopt ,
+.Fa optionp
+will be set to point to the start of the next token in the string,
+or the null at the end of the string if no more tokens are present.
+The external variable
+.Fa suboptarg
+will be set to point to the start of the current token, or
+.Dv NULL
+if no tokens were present.
+The argument
+.Fa valuep
+will be set to point to the value portion of the token, or
+.Dv NULL
+if no value portion was present.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Bd -literal -compact
+char *tokens[] = {
+        #define ONE     0
+                "one",
+        #define TWO     1
+                "two",
+        NULL
+};
+
+\&...
+
+extern char *optarg, *suboptarg;
+char *options, *value;
+
+while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "ab:")) != \-1) {
+        switch(ch) {
+        case 'a':
+                /* process ``a'' option */
+                break;
+        case 'b':
+                options = optarg;
+                while (*options) {
+                        switch(getsubopt(&options, tokens, &value)) {
+                        case ONE:
+                                /* process ``one'' sub option */
+                                break;
+                        case TWO:
+                                /* process ``two'' sub option */
+                                if (!value)
+                                        error("no value for two");
+                                i = atoi(value);
+                                break;
+                        case \-1:
+                                if (suboptarg)
+                                        error("illegal sub option %s",
+                                          suboptarg);
+                                else
+                                        error("missing sub option");
+                                break;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr getopt 3 ,
+.Xr strsep 3
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Fn getsubopt
+function first appeared in
+.Bx 4.4 .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1667a31d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/getsubopt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*      $OpenBSD: getsubopt.c,v 1.1 1997/08/20 04:02:17 millert Exp $   */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef lint
+#if 0
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)getsubopt.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
+#else
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: getsubopt.c,v 1.1 1997/08/20 04:02:17 millert Exp $";
+#endif
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/*
+ * The SVID interface to getsubopt provides no way of figuring out which
+ * part of the suboptions list wasn't matched.  This makes error messages
+ * tricky...  The extern variable suboptarg is a pointer to the token
+ * which didn't match.
+ */
+char *suboptarg;
+
+int
+getsubopt(optionp, tokens, valuep)
+        register char **optionp, **valuep;
+        register char * const *tokens;
+{
+        register int cnt;
+        register char *p;
+
+        suboptarg = *valuep = NULL;
+
+        if (!optionp || !*optionp)
+                return(-1);
+
+        /* skip leading white-space, commas */
+        for (p = *optionp; *p && (*p == ',' || *p == ' ' || *p == '\t'); ++p);
+
+        if (!*p) {
+                *optionp = p;
+                return(-1);
+        }
+
+        /* save the start of the token, and skip the rest of the token. */
+        for (suboptarg = p;
+            *++p && *p != ',' && *p != '=' && *p != ' ' && *p != '\t';);
+
+        if (*p) {
+                /*
+                 * If there's an equals sign, set the value pointer, and
+                 * skip over the value part of the token.  Terminate the
+                 * token.
+                 */
+                if (*p == '=') {
+                        *p = '\0';
+                        for (*valuep = ++p;
+                            *p && *p != ',' && *p != ' ' && *p != '\t'; ++p);
+                        if (*p) 
+                                *p++ = '\0';
+                } else
+                        *p++ = '\0';
+                /* Skip any whitespace or commas after this token. */
+                for (; *p && (*p == ',' || *p == ' ' || *p == '\t'); ++p);
+        }
+
+        /* set optionp for next round. */
+        *optionp = p;
+
+        for (cnt = 0; *tokens; ++tokens, ++cnt)
+                if (!strcmp(suboptarg, *tokens))
+                        return(cnt);
+        return(-1);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/heapsort.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/heapsort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2770e5b977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/heapsort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Ronnie Kon at Mindcraft Inc., Kevin Lew and Elmer Yglesias.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: heapsort.c,v 1.3 2002/02/16 21:27:24 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/*
+ * Swap two areas of size number of bytes.  Although qsort(3) permits random
+ * blocks of memory to be sorted, sorting pointers is almost certainly the
+ * common case (and, were it not, could easily be made so).  Regardless, it
+ * isn't worth optimizing; the SWAP's get sped up by the cache, and pointer
+ * arithmetic gets lost in the time required for comparison function calls.
+ */
+#define SWAP(a, b, count, size, tmp) { \
+        count = size; \
+        do { \
+                tmp = *a; \
+                *a++ = *b; \
+                *b++ = tmp; \
+        } while (--count); \
+}
+
+/* Copy one block of size size to another. */
+#define COPY(a, b, count, size, tmp1, tmp2) { \
+        count = size; \
+        tmp1 = a; \
+        tmp2 = b; \
+        do { \
+                *tmp1++ = *tmp2++; \
+        } while (--count); \
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build the list into a heap, where a heap is defined such that for
+ * the records K1 ... KN, Kj/2 >= Kj for 1 <= j/2 <= j <= N.
+ *
+ * There two cases.  If j == nmemb, select largest of Ki and Kj.  If
+ * j < nmemb, select largest of Ki, Kj and Kj+1.
+ */
+#define CREATE(initval, nmemb, par_i, child_i, par, child, size, count, tmp) { \
+        for (par_i = initval; (child_i = par_i * 2) <= nmemb; \
+            par_i = child_i) { \
+                child = base + child_i * size; \
+                if (child_i < nmemb && compar(child, child + size) < 0) { \
+                        child += size; \
+                        ++child_i; \
+                } \
+                par = base + par_i * size; \
+                if (compar(child, par) <= 0) \
+                        break; \
+                SWAP(par, child, count, size, tmp); \
+        } \
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select the top of the heap and 'heapify'.  Since by far the most expensive
+ * action is the call to the compar function, a considerable optimization
+ * in the average case can be achieved due to the fact that k, the displaced
+ * elememt, is ususally quite small, so it would be preferable to first
+ * heapify, always maintaining the invariant that the larger child is copied
+ * over its parent's record.
+ *
+ * Then, starting from the *bottom* of the heap, finding k's correct place,
+ * again maintianing the invariant.  As a result of the invariant no element
+ * is 'lost' when k is assigned its correct place in the heap.
+ *
+ * The time savings from this optimization are on the order of 15-20% for the
+ * average case. See Knuth, Vol. 3, page 158, problem 18.
+ *
+ * XXX Don't break the #define SELECT line, below.  Reiser cpp gets upset.
+ */
+#define SELECT(par_i, child_i, nmemb, par, child, size, k, count, tmp1, tmp2) { \
+        for (par_i = 1; (child_i = par_i * 2) <= nmemb; par_i = child_i) { \
+                child = base + child_i * size; \
+                if (child_i < nmemb && compar(child, child + size) < 0) { \
+                        child += size; \
+                        ++child_i; \
+                } \
+                par = base + par_i * size; \
+                COPY(par, child, count, size, tmp1, tmp2); \
+        } \
+        for (;;) { \
+                child_i = par_i; \
+                par_i = child_i / 2; \
+                child = base + child_i * size; \
+                par = base + par_i * size; \
+                if (child_i == 1 || compar(k, par) < 0) { \
+                        COPY(child, k, count, size, tmp1, tmp2); \
+                        break; \
+                } \
+                COPY(child, par, count, size, tmp1, tmp2); \
+        } \
+}
+
+/*
+ * Heapsort -- Knuth, Vol. 3, page 145.  Runs in O (N lg N), both average
+ * and worst.  While heapsort is faster than the worst case of quicksort,
+ * the BSD quicksort does median selection so that the chance of finding
+ * a data set that will trigger the worst case is nonexistent.  Heapsort's
+ * only advantage over quicksort is that it requires little additional memory.
+ */
+int
+heapsort(vbase, nmemb, size, compar)
+        void *vbase;
+        size_t nmemb, size;
+        int (*compar)(const void *, const void *);
+{
+        register int cnt, i, j, l;
+        register char tmp, *tmp1, *tmp2;
+        char *base, *k, *p, *t;
+
+        if (nmemb <= 1)
+                return (0);
+
+        if (!size) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return (-1);
+        }
+
+        if ((k = malloc(size)) == NULL)
+                return (-1);
+
+        /*
+         * Items are numbered from 1 to nmemb, so offset from size bytes
+         * below the starting address.
+         */
+        base = (char *)vbase - size;
+
+        for (l = nmemb / 2 + 1; --l;)
+                CREATE(l, nmemb, i, j, t, p, size, cnt, tmp);
+
+        /*
+         * For each element of the heap, save the largest element into its
+         * final slot, save the displaced element (k), then recreate the
+         * heap.
+         */
+        while (nmemb > 1) {
+                COPY(k, base + nmemb * size, cnt, size, tmp1, tmp2);
+                COPY(base + nmemb * size, base + size, cnt, size, tmp1, tmp2);
+                --nmemb;
+                SELECT(i, j, nmemb, t, p, size, k, cnt, tmp1, tmp2);
+        }
+        free(k);
+        return (0);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/jrand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/jrand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99cddb71e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/jrand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: jrand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:33 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+long
+jrand48(unsigned short xseed[3])
+{
+        __dorand48(xseed);
+        return ((long) xseed[2] << 16) + (long) xseed[1];
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/l64a.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/l64a.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e99391254
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/l64a.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Written by J.T. Conklin <jtc@netbsd.org>.
+ * Public domain.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: l64a.c,v 1.3 1997/08/17 22:58:34 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+char *
+l64a(value)
+        long value;
+{
+        static char buf[8];
+        char *s = buf;
+        int digit;
+        int i;
+
+        if (value < 0) {
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return(NULL);
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; value != 0 && i < 6; i++) {
+                digit = value & 0x3f;
+
+                if (digit < 2) 
+                        *s = digit + '.';
+                else if (digit < 12)
+                        *s = digit + '0' - 2;
+                else if (digit < 38)
+                        *s = digit + 'A' - 12;
+                else
+                        *s = digit + 'a' - 38;
+
+                value >>= 6;
+                s++;
+        }
+
+        *s = '\0';
+
+        return(buf);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/labs.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/labs.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe39ca24dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/labs.3
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: labs.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:02 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt LABS 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm labs
+.Nd return the absolute value of a long integer
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft long
+.Fn labs "long j"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn labs
+function returns the absolute value of the long integer
+.Fa j .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr abs 3 ,
+.Xr cabs 3 ,
+.Xr floor 3 ,
+.Xr math 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn labs
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Sh BUGS
+The absolute value of the most negative integer remains negative.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/labs.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/labs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f20e2c29be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/labs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: labs.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:34 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+long
+labs(j)
+        long j;
+{
+        return(j < 0 ? -j : j);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/lcong48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/lcong48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44bd74e48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/lcong48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: lcong48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:35 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+extern unsigned short __rand48_seed[3];
+extern unsigned short __rand48_mult[3];
+extern unsigned short __rand48_add;
+
+void
+lcong48(unsigned short p[7])
+{
+        __rand48_seed[0] = p[0];
+        __rand48_seed[1] = p[1];
+        __rand48_seed[2] = p[2];
+        __rand48_mult[0] = p[3];
+        __rand48_mult[1] = p[4];
+        __rand48_mult[2] = p[5];
+        __rand48_add = p[6];
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/ldiv.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/ldiv.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5301b1b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/ldiv.3
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
+.\" on Information Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: ldiv.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:02 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt LDIV 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm ldiv
+.Nd return quotient and remainder from division
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft ldiv_t
+.Fn ldiv "long num" "long denom"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn ldiv
+function computes the value
+.Fa num Ns No / Ns Fa denom
+and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named
+.Li ldiv_t
+that contains two
+.Li long integer
+members named
+.Fa quot
+and
+.Fa rem .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr div 3 ,
+.Xr math 3 ,
+.Xr qdiv 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn ldiv
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/ldiv.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/ldiv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..908c2bf0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/ldiv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Chris Torek.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: ldiv.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:35 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>             /* ldiv_t */
+
+ldiv_t
+ldiv(num, denom)
+        long num, denom;
+{
+        ldiv_t r;
+
+        /* see div.c for comments */
+
+        r.quot = num / denom;
+        r.rem = num % denom;
+        if (num >= 0 && r.rem < 0) {
+                r.quot++;
+                r.rem -= denom;
+        }
+        return (r);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/lrand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/lrand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b7524a51b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/lrand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: lrand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:36 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+extern unsigned short __rand48_seed[3];
+
+long
+lrand48(void)
+{
+        __dorand48(__rand48_seed);
+        return ((long) __rand48_seed[2] << 15) + ((long) __rand48_seed[1] >> 1);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f05c38e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.3
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: malloc.3,v 1.24 2001/12/05 09:49:39 deraadt Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd August 27, 1996
+.Dt MALLOC 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm malloc ,
+.Nm calloc ,
+.Nm realloc ,
+.Nm free ,
+.Nm cfree
+.Nd memory allocation and deallocation
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void *
+.Fn malloc "size_t size"
+.Ft void *
+.Fn calloc "size_t nmemb" "size_t size"
+.Ft void *
+.Fn realloc "void *ptr" "size_t size"
+.Ft void
+.Fn free "void *ptr"
+.Ft void
+.Fn cfree "void *ptr"
+.Ft char *
+.Va malloc_options
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn malloc
+function allocates uninitialized space for an object whose
+size is specified by
+.Fa size .
+The
+.Fn malloc
+function maintains multiple lists of free blocks according to size, allocating
+space from the appropriate list.
+.Pp
+The allocated space is
+suitably aligned (after possible pointer
+coercion) for storage of any type of object.
+If the space is of
+.Em pagesize
+or larger, the memory returned will be page-aligned.
+.Pp
+Allocation of a zero size object returns a pointer to a zero size object.
+This zero size object is access protected, so any access to it will
+generate an exception (SIGSEGV).
+Many zero-sized objects can be placed consecutively in shared
+protected pages.
+The minimum size of the protection on each object is suitably aligned and
+sized as previously stated, but the protection may extend further depending
+on where in a protected zone the object lands.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn calloc
+function allocates space for an array of
+.Fa nmemb
+objects, each of whose size is
+.Fa size .
+The space is initialized to all bits zero.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn free
+function causes the space pointed to by
+.Fa ptr
+to be deallocated, that is, at least made available for further allocation,
+but if possible, it will passed back to the kernel with
+.Xr sbrk 2 .
+If
+.Fa ptr
+is a null pointer, no action occurs.
+.Pp
+A
+.Fn cfree
+function is also provided for compatibility with old systems and other
+.Nm malloc
+libraries; it is simply an alias for
+.Fn free .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn realloc
+function changes the size of the object pointed to by
+.Fa ptr
+to
+.Fa size
+bytes and returns a pointer to the (possibly moved) object.
+The contents of the object are unchanged up to the lesser
+of the new and old sizes.
+If the new size is larger, the value of the newly allocated portion
+of the object is indeterminate and uninitialized.
+If
+.Fa ptr
+is a null pointer, the
+.Fn realloc
+function behaves like the
+.Fn malloc
+function for the specified size.
+If the space cannot be allocated, the object
+pointed to by
+.Fa ptr
+is unchanged.
+If
+.Fa size
+is zero and
+.Fa ptr
+is not a null pointer, the object it points to is freed and a new zero size
+object is returned.
+.Pp
+When using
+.Fn realloc
+one must be careful to avoid the following idiom:
+.Pp
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+if ((p = realloc(p, nsize)) == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In most cases, this will result in a leak of memory.
+As stated earlier, a return value of
+.Dv NULL
+indicates that the old object still remains allocated.
+Better code looks like this:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+if ((p2 = realloc(p, nsize)) == NULL) {
+        if (p)
+                free(p);
+        p = NULL;
+        return NULL;
+}
+p = p2;
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Malloc will first look for a symbolic link called
+.Pa /etc/malloc.conf
+and next check the environment for a variable called
+.Ev MALLOC_OPTIONS
+and finally for the global variable
+.Va malloc_options
+and scan them for flags in that order.
+Flags are single letters, uppercase means on, lowercase means off.
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm A
+.Dq Abort .
+.Fn malloc
+will coredump the process, rather than tolerate failure.
+This is a very handy debugging aid, since the core file will represent the
+time of failure, rather than when the null pointer was accessed.
+.Pp
+.It Cm D
+.Dq Dump .
+.Fn malloc
+will dump statistics in a file called
+.Pa malloc.out
+at exit.
+This option requires the library to have been compiled with -DMALLOC_STATS in
+order to have any effect.
+.Pp
+.It Cm J
+.Dq Junk .
+Fill some junk into the area allocated.
+Currently junk is bytes of 0xd0; this is pronounced
+.Dq Duh .
+\&:-)
+.Pp
+.It Cm H
+.Dq Hint .
+Pass a hint to the kernel about pages we don't use.
+If the machine is paging a lot this may help a bit.
+.Pp
+.It Cm N
+Do not output warning messages when encountering possible corruption
+or bad pointers.
+.Pp
+.It Cm R
+.Dq realloc .
+Always reallocate when
+.Fn realloc
+is called, even if the initial allocation was big enough.
+This can substantially aid in compacting memory.
+.\".Pp
+.\".It Cm U
+.\".Dq utrace .
+.\"Generate entries for
+.\".Xr ktrace 1
+.\"for all operations.
+.\"Consult the source for this one.
+.Pp
+.It Cm X
+.Dq xmalloc .
+rather than return failure,
+.Xr abort 3
+the program with a diagnostic message on stderr.
+It is the intention that this option be set at compile time by
+including in the source:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+extern char *malloc_options;
+malloc_options = "X";
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.It Cm Z
+.Dq Zero .
+Fill some junk into the area allocated (see
+.Cm J ) ,
+except for the exact length the user asked for, which is zeroed.
+.Pp
+.It Cm <
+.Dq Half the cache size .
+Reduce the size of the cache by a factor of two.
+.Pp
+.It Cm >
+.Dq Double the cache size .
+Double the size of the cache by a factor of two.
+.El
+.Pp
+So to set a systemwide reduction of cache size and coredumps on problems
+one would:
+.Li ln -s 'A<' /etc/malloc.conf
+.Pp
+The
+.Cm J
+and
+.Cm Z
+is mostly for testing and debugging.
+If a program changes behavior if either of these options are used,
+it is buggy.
+.Pp
+The default cache size is 16 pages.
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+See above.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn malloc
+and
+.Fn calloc
+functions return a pointer to the allocated space if successful; otherwise,
+a null pointer is returned and
+.Va errno
+is set to
+.Er ENOMEM .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn free
+and
+.Fn cfree
+functions return no value.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn realloc
+function returns a pointer to the (possibly moved) allocated space
+if successful; otherwise, a null pointer is returned and
+.Va errno
+is set to
+.Er ENOMEM .
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+If
+.Fn malloc ,
+.Fn calloc ,
+.Fn realloc ,
+or
+.Fn free
+detect an error or warning condition,
+a message will be printed to file descriptor
+2 (not using stdio).
+Errors will always result in the process being
+.Xr abort 3 'ed.
+If the
+.Cm A
+option has been specified, warnings will also
+.Xr abort 3
+the process.
+.Pp
+Here is a brief description of the error messages and what they mean:
+.Bl -tag -width Fl
+.It Dq (ES): mumble mumble mumble
+.Fn malloc
+has been compiled with
+.Dv \&-DEXTRA_SANITY
+and something looks fishy in there.
+Consult sources and/or wizards.
+.It Dq allocation failed
+If the
+.Cm A
+option is specified it is an error for
+.Fn malloc ,
+.Fn calloc ,
+or
+.Fn realloc
+to return
+.Dv NULL .
+.It Dq mmap(2) failed, check limits.
+This is a rather weird condition that is most likely to indicate a
+seriously overloaded system or a
+.Xr ulimit 1
+restriction.
+.It Dq freelist is destroyed.
+.Fn malloc Ns 's
+internal freelist has been stomped on.
+.El
+.Pp
+Here is a brief description of the warning messages and what they mean:
+.Bl -tag -width Fl
+.It Dq chunk/page is already free.
+A pointer to a free chunk is attempted freed again.
+.It Dq junk pointer, too high to make sense.
+The pointer doesn't make sense.
+It's above the area of memory that
+.Fn malloc
+knows something about.
+This could be a pointer from some
+.Xr mmap 2 'ed
+memory.
+.It Dq junk pointer, too low to make sense.
+The pointer doesn't make sense.
+It's below the area of memory that
+.Fn malloc
+knows something about.
+This pointer probably came from your data or bss segments.
+.It Dq malloc() has never been called.
+Nothing has ever been allocated, yet something is being freed or
+realloc'ed.
+.It Dq modified (chunk-/page-) pointer.
+The pointer passed to free or realloc has been modified.
+.It Dq pointer to wrong page.
+The pointer that
+.Fn malloc
+is trying to free is not pointing to
+a sensible page.
+.It Dq recursive call.
+An attempt was made to call recursively into these functions, i.e., from a
+signal handler.
+This behavior is not supported.
+In particular, signal handlers should
+.Em not
+use any of the
+.Fn malloc
+functions nor utilize any other functions which may call
+.Fn malloc
+(e.g.,
+.Xr stdio 3
+routines).
+.It Dq unknown char in MALLOC_OPTIONS
+We found something we didn't understand.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "/etc/malloc.conf"
+.It Pa /etc/malloc.conf
+symbolic link to filename containing option flags
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr brk 2 ,
+.Xr alloca 3 ,
+.Xr getpagesize 3 ,
+.Xr memory 3
+.Pa /usr/share/doc/papers/malloc.ascii.gz
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn malloc
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Sh HISTORY
+The present implementation of
+.Fn malloc
+started out as a filesystem on a drum
+attached to a 20-bit binary challenged computer built with discrete germanium
+transistors, and it has since graduated to handle primary storage rather than
+secondary.
+.Pp
+The main difference from other
+.Fn malloc
+implementations are believed to be that
+the free pages are not accessed until allocated.
+Most
+.Fn malloc
+implementations will store a data structure containing a,
+possibly double-, linked list in the free chunks of memory, used to tie
+all the free memory together.
+That is a quite suboptimal thing to do.
+Every time the free-list is traversed, all the otherwise unused, and very
+likely paged out, pages get faulted into primary memory, just to see what
+lies after them in the list.
+.Pp
+On systems which are paging, this can make a factor five in difference on the
+page-faults of a process.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e90ce402e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/malloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1305 @@
+/*
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * "THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42):
+ * <phk@FreeBSD.ORG> wrote this file.  As long as you retain this notice you
+ * can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we meet some day, and you think
+ * this stuff is worth it, you can buy me a beer in return.   Poul-Henning Kamp
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: malloc.c,v 1.48 2002/05/27 03:13:23 deraadt Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+/*
+ * Defining MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY will enable extra checks which are
+ * related to internal conditions and consistency in malloc.c. This has
+ * a noticeable runtime performance hit, and generally will not do you
+ * any good unless you fiddle with the internals of malloc or want
+ * to catch random pointer corruption as early as possible.
+ */
+#ifndef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
+#undef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Defining MALLOC_STATS will enable you to call malloc_dump() and set
+ * the [dD] options in the MALLOC_OPTIONS environment variable.
+ * It has no run-time performance hit, but does pull in stdio...
+ */
+#ifndef MALLOC_STATS
+#undef MALLOC_STATS
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * What to use for Junk.  This is the byte value we use to fill with
+ * when the 'J' option is enabled.
+ */
+#define SOME_JUNK       0xd0            /* as in "Duh" :-) */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/*
+ * The basic parameters you can tweak.
+ *
+ * malloc_pageshift     pagesize = 1 << malloc_pageshift
+ *                      It's probably best if this is the native
+ *                      page size, but it shouldn't have to be.
+ *
+ * malloc_minsize       minimum size of an allocation in bytes.
+ *                      If this is too small it's too much work
+ *                      to manage them.  This is also the smallest
+ *                      unit of alignment used for the storage
+ *                      returned by malloc/realloc.
+ *
+ */
+
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__) && defined(__sparc__)
+#   define    malloc_pageshift  13U
+#endif /* __OpenBSD__ */
+
+#ifdef _THREAD_SAFE
+# include "thread_private.h"
+# if 0
+   /* kernel threads */
+#  include <pthread.h>
+   static pthread_mutex_t malloc_lock;
+#  define THREAD_LOCK()         pthread_mutex_lock(&malloc_lock)
+#  define THREAD_UNLOCK()       pthread_mutex_unlock(&malloc_lock)
+#  define THREAD_LOCK_INIT()    pthread_mutex_init(&malloc_lock, 0);
+# else
+   /* user threads */
+#  include "spinlock.h"
+   static spinlock_t malloc_lock = _SPINLOCK_INITIALIZER;
+#  define THREAD_LOCK()         if (__isthreaded) _SPINLOCK(&malloc_lock)
+#  define THREAD_UNLOCK()       if (__isthreaded) _SPINUNLOCK(&malloc_lock)
+#  define THREAD_LOCK_INIT()
+   /*
+    * Malloc can't use the wrapped write() if it fails very early, so
+    * we use the unwrapped syscall _thread_sys_write()
+    */
+#  define write _thread_sys_write
+   ssize_t write(int, const void *, size_t);
+#   undef malloc
+#   undef realloc
+#   undef free
+# endif
+#else
+  /* no threads */
+# define THREAD_LOCK()
+# define THREAD_UNLOCK()
+# define THREAD_LOCK_INIT()
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * No user serviceable parts behind this point.
+ *
+ * This structure describes a page worth of chunks.
+ */
+
+struct pginfo {
+    struct pginfo       *next;  /* next on the free list */
+    void                *page;  /* Pointer to the page */
+    u_short             size;   /* size of this page's chunks */
+    u_short             shift;  /* How far to shift for this size chunks */
+    u_short             free;   /* How many free chunks */
+    u_short             total;  /* How many chunk */
+    u_long              bits[1]; /* Which chunks are free */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This structure describes a number of free pages.
+ */
+
+struct pgfree {
+    struct pgfree       *next;  /* next run of free pages */
+    struct pgfree       *prev;  /* prev run of free pages */
+    void                *page;  /* pointer to free pages */
+    void                *end;   /* pointer to end of free pages */
+    u_long              size;   /* number of bytes free */
+};
+
+/*
+ * How many bits per u_long in the bitmap.
+ * Change only if not 8 bits/byte
+ */
+#define MALLOC_BITS     (8*sizeof(u_long))
+
+/*
+ * Magic values to put in the page_directory
+ */
+#define MALLOC_NOT_MINE ((struct pginfo*) 0)
+#define MALLOC_FREE     ((struct pginfo*) 1)
+#define MALLOC_FIRST    ((struct pginfo*) 2)
+#define MALLOC_FOLLOW   ((struct pginfo*) 3)
+#define MALLOC_MAGIC    ((struct pginfo*) 4)
+
+#ifndef malloc_pageshift
+#define malloc_pageshift                (PGSHIFT)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef malloc_minsize
+#define malloc_minsize                  16U
+#endif
+
+#ifndef malloc_pageshift
+#error  "malloc_pageshift undefined"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(malloc_pagesize)
+#define malloc_pagesize                 (1UL<<malloc_pageshift)
+#endif
+
+#if ((1UL<<malloc_pageshift) != malloc_pagesize)
+#error  "(1UL<<malloc_pageshift) != malloc_pagesize"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef malloc_maxsize
+#define malloc_maxsize                  ((malloc_pagesize)>>1)
+#endif
+
+/* A mask for the offset inside a page.  */
+#define malloc_pagemask ((malloc_pagesize)-1)
+
+#define pageround(foo) (((foo) + (malloc_pagemask))&(~(malloc_pagemask)))
+#define ptr2index(foo) (((u_long)(foo) >> malloc_pageshift)-malloc_origo)
+
+/* fd of /dev/zero */
+#ifdef USE_DEV_ZERO
+static int fdzero;
+#define MMAP_FD fdzero
+#define INIT_MMAP() \
+        { if ((fdzero=open("/dev/zero", O_RDWR, 0000)) == -1) \
+            wrterror("open of /dev/zero"); }
+#else
+#define MMAP_FD (-1)
+#define INIT_MMAP()
+#endif
+
+/* Set when initialization has been done */
+static unsigned int malloc_started;
+
+/* Number of free pages we cache */
+static unsigned int malloc_cache = 16;
+
+/* The offset from pagenumber to index into the page directory */
+static u_long malloc_origo;
+
+/* The last index in the page directory we care about */
+static u_long last_index;
+
+/* Pointer to page directory. Allocated "as if with" malloc */
+static struct   pginfo **page_dir;
+
+/* How many slots in the page directory */
+static size_t   malloc_ninfo;
+
+/* Free pages line up here */
+static struct pgfree free_list;
+
+/* Abort(), user doesn't handle problems.  */
+static int malloc_abort;
+
+/* Are we trying to die ?  */
+static int suicide;
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_STATS
+/* dump statistics */
+static int malloc_stats;
+#endif
+
+/* avoid outputting warnings?  */
+static int malloc_silent;
+
+/* always realloc ?  */
+static int malloc_realloc;
+
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || (defined(__OpenBSD__) && defined(MADV_FREE))
+/* pass the kernel a hint on free pages ?  */
+static int malloc_hint;
+#endif
+
+/* xmalloc behaviour ?  */
+static int malloc_xmalloc;
+
+/* zero fill ?  */
+static int malloc_zero;
+
+/* junk fill ?  */
+static int malloc_junk;
+
+#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+/* utrace ?  */
+static int malloc_utrace;
+
+struct ut { void *p; size_t s; void *r; };
+
+void utrace(struct ut *, int);
+
+#define UTRACE(a, b, c) \
+        if (malloc_utrace) \
+                {struct ut u; u.p=a; u.s = b; u.r=c; utrace(&u, sizeof u);}
+#else /* !__FreeBSD__ */
+#define UTRACE(a,b,c)
+#endif
+
+/* my last break. */
+static void *malloc_brk;
+
+/* one location cache for free-list holders */
+static struct pgfree *px;
+
+/* compile-time options */
+char *malloc_options;
+
+/* Name of the current public function */
+static char *malloc_func;
+
+/* Macro for mmap */
+#define MMAP(size) \
+        mmap((void *)0, (size), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, \
+            MMAP_FD, (off_t)0);
+
+/*
+ * Necessary function declarations
+ */
+static int extend_pgdir(u_long index);
+static void *imalloc(size_t size);
+static void ifree(void *ptr);
+static void *irealloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
+static void *malloc_bytes(size_t size);
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_STATS
+void
+malloc_dump(fd)
+    FILE *fd;
+{
+    struct pginfo **pd;
+    struct pgfree *pf;
+    int j;
+
+    pd = page_dir;
+
+    /* print out all the pages */
+    for(j=0;j<=last_index;j++) {
+        fprintf(fd, "%08lx %5d ", (j+malloc_origo) << malloc_pageshift, j);
+        if (pd[j] == MALLOC_NOT_MINE) {
+            for(j++;j<=last_index && pd[j] == MALLOC_NOT_MINE;j++)
+                ;
+            j--;
+            fprintf(fd, ".. %5d not mine\n",    j);
+        } else if (pd[j] == MALLOC_FREE) {
+            for(j++;j<=last_index && pd[j] == MALLOC_FREE;j++)
+                ;
+            j--;
+            fprintf(fd, ".. %5d free\n", j);
+        } else if (pd[j] == MALLOC_FIRST) {
+            for(j++;j<=last_index && pd[j] == MALLOC_FOLLOW;j++)
+                ;
+            j--;
+            fprintf(fd, ".. %5d in use\n", j);
+        } else if (pd[j] < MALLOC_MAGIC) {
+            fprintf(fd, "(%p)\n", pd[j]);
+        } else {
+            fprintf(fd, "%p %d (of %d) x %d @ %p --> %p\n",
+                pd[j], pd[j]->free, pd[j]->total,
+                pd[j]->size, pd[j]->page, pd[j]->next);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for(pf=free_list.next; pf; pf=pf->next) {
+        fprintf(fd, "Free: @%p [%p...%p[ %ld ->%p <-%p\n",
+                pf, pf->page, pf->end, pf->size, pf->prev, pf->next);
+        if (pf == pf->next) {
+                fprintf(fd, "Free_list loops.\n");
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* print out various info */
+    fprintf(fd, "Minsize\t%d\n", malloc_minsize);
+    fprintf(fd, "Maxsize\t%d\n", malloc_maxsize);
+    fprintf(fd, "Pagesize\t%lu\n", (u_long)malloc_pagesize);
+    fprintf(fd, "Pageshift\t%d\n", malloc_pageshift);
+    fprintf(fd, "FirstPage\t%ld\n", malloc_origo);
+    fprintf(fd, "LastPage\t%ld %lx\n", last_index+malloc_pageshift,
+        (last_index + malloc_pageshift) << malloc_pageshift);
+    fprintf(fd, "Break\t%ld\n", (u_long)sbrk(0) >> malloc_pageshift);
+}
+#endif /* MALLOC_STATS */
+
+extern char *__progname;
+
+static void
+wrterror(p)
+    char *p;
+{
+    char *q = " error: ";
+    struct iovec iov[4];
+
+    iov[0].iov_base = __progname;
+    iov[0].iov_len = strlen(__progname);
+    iov[1].iov_base = malloc_func;
+    iov[1].iov_len = strlen(malloc_func);
+    iov[2].iov_base = q;
+    iov[2].iov_len = strlen(q);
+    iov[3].iov_base = p;
+    iov[3].iov_len = strlen(p);
+    writev(STDERR_FILENO, iov, 4);
+
+    suicide = 1;
+#ifdef MALLOC_STATS
+    if (malloc_stats)
+        malloc_dump(stderr);
+#endif /* MALLOC_STATS */
+    abort();
+}
+
+static void
+wrtwarning(p)
+    char *p;
+{
+    char *q = " warning: ";
+    struct iovec iov[4];
+
+    if (malloc_abort)
+        wrterror(p);
+    else if (malloc_silent)
+        return;
+
+    iov[0].iov_base = __progname;
+    iov[0].iov_len = strlen(__progname);
+    iov[1].iov_base = malloc_func;
+    iov[1].iov_len = strlen(malloc_func);
+    iov[2].iov_base = q;
+    iov[2].iov_len = strlen(q);
+    iov[3].iov_base = p;
+    iov[3].iov_len = strlen(p);
+    writev(STDERR_FILENO, iov, 4);
+}
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_STATS
+static void
+malloc_exit()
+{
+    FILE *fd = fopen("malloc.out", "a");
+    char *q = "malloc() warning: Couldn't dump stats.\n";
+    if (fd) {
+        malloc_dump(fd);
+        fclose(fd);
+    } else
+        write(2, q, strlen(q));
+}
+#endif /* MALLOC_STATS */
+
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a number of pages from the OS
+ */
+static void *
+map_pages(pages)
+    int pages;
+{
+    caddr_t result, tail;
+
+    result = (caddr_t)pageround((u_long)sbrk(0));
+    tail = result + (pages << malloc_pageshift);
+
+    if (brk(tail)) {
+#ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
+        wrterror("(ES): map_pages fails\n");
+#endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    last_index = ptr2index(tail) - 1;
+    malloc_brk = tail;
+
+    if ((last_index+1) >= malloc_ninfo && !extend_pgdir(last_index))
+        return 0;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extend page directory
+ */
+static int
+extend_pgdir(index)
+    u_long index;
+{
+    struct  pginfo **new, **old;
+    size_t i, oldlen;
+
+    /* Make it this many pages */
+    i = index * sizeof *page_dir;
+    i /= malloc_pagesize;
+    i += 2;
+
+    /* remember the old mapping size */
+    oldlen = malloc_ninfo * sizeof *page_dir;
+
+    /*
+     * NOTE: we allocate new pages and copy the directory rather than tempt
+     * fate by trying to "grow" the region.. There is nothing to prevent
+     * us from accidently re-mapping space that's been allocated by our caller
+     * via dlopen() or other mmap().
+     *
+     * The copy problem is not too bad, as there is 4K of page index per
+     * 4MB of malloc arena.
+     *
+     * We can totally avoid the copy if we open a file descriptor to associate
+     * the anon mappings with.  Then, when we remap the pages at the new
+     * address, the old pages will be "magically" remapped..  But this means
+     * keeping open a "secret" file descriptor.....
+     */
+
+    /* Get new pages */
+    new = (struct pginfo**) MMAP(i * malloc_pagesize);
+    if (new == MAP_FAILED)
+        return 0;
+
+    /* Copy the old stuff */
+    memcpy(new, page_dir,
+            malloc_ninfo * sizeof *page_dir);
+
+    /* register the new size */
+    malloc_ninfo = i * malloc_pagesize / sizeof *page_dir;
+
+    /* swap the pointers */
+    old = page_dir;
+    page_dir = new;
+
+    /* Now free the old stuff */
+    munmap(old, oldlen);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the world
+ */
+static void
+malloc_init ()
+{
+    char *p, b[64];
+    int i, j;
+    int save_errno = errno;
+
+    THREAD_LOCK_INIT();
+
+    INIT_MMAP();
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
+    malloc_junk = 1;
+#endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+        if (i == 0) {
+            j = readlink("/etc/malloc.conf", b, sizeof b - 1);
+            if (j <= 0)
+                continue;
+            b[j] = '\0';
+            p = b;
+        } else if (i == 1) {
+            if (issetugid() == 0)
+                p = getenv("MALLOC_OPTIONS");
+            else
+                continue;
+        } else if (i == 2) {
+            p = malloc_options;
+        }
+        for (; p && *p; p++) {
+            switch (*p) {
+                case '>': malloc_cache   <<= 1; break;
+                case '<': malloc_cache   >>= 1; break;
+                case 'a': malloc_abort   = 0; break;
+                case 'A': malloc_abort   = 1; break;
+#ifdef MALLOC_STATS
+                case 'd': malloc_stats   = 0; break;
+                case 'D': malloc_stats   = 1; break;
+#endif /* MALLOC_STATS */
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || (defined(__OpenBSD__) && defined(MADV_FREE))
+                case 'h': malloc_hint    = 0; break;
+                case 'H': malloc_hint    = 1; break;
+#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
+                case 'r': malloc_realloc = 0; break;
+                case 'R': malloc_realloc = 1; break;
+                case 'j': malloc_junk    = 0; break;
+                case 'J': malloc_junk    = 1; break;
+                case 'n': malloc_silent  = 0; break;
+                case 'N': malloc_silent  = 1; break;
+#ifdef __FreeBSD__
+                case 'u': malloc_utrace  = 0; break;
+                case 'U': malloc_utrace  = 1; break;
+#endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
+                case 'x': malloc_xmalloc = 0; break;
+                case 'X': malloc_xmalloc = 1; break;
+                case 'z': malloc_zero    = 0; break;
+                case 'Z': malloc_zero    = 1; break;
+                default:
+                    j = malloc_abort;
+                    malloc_abort = 0;
+                    wrtwarning("unknown char in MALLOC_OPTIONS\n");
+                    malloc_abort = j;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    UTRACE(0, 0, 0);
+
+    /*
+     * We want junk in the entire allocation, and zero only in the part
+     * the user asked for.
+     */
+    if (malloc_zero)
+        malloc_junk=1;
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_STATS
+    if (malloc_stats)
+        atexit(malloc_exit);
+#endif /* MALLOC_STATS */
+
+    /* Allocate one page for the page directory */
+    page_dir = (struct pginfo **) MMAP(malloc_pagesize);
+
+    if (page_dir == MAP_FAILED)
+        wrterror("mmap(2) failed, check limits.\n");
+
+    /*
+     * We need a maximum of malloc_pageshift buckets, steal these from the
+     * front of the page_directory;
+     */
+    malloc_origo = ((u_long)pageround((u_long)sbrk(0))) >> malloc_pageshift;
+    malloc_origo -= malloc_pageshift;
+
+    malloc_ninfo = malloc_pagesize / sizeof *page_dir;
+
+    /* Been here, done that */
+    malloc_started++;
+
+    /* Recalculate the cache size in bytes, and make sure it's nonzero */
+
+    if (!malloc_cache)
+        malloc_cache++;
+
+    malloc_cache <<= malloc_pageshift;
+
+    /*
+     * This is a nice hack from Kaleb Keithly (kaleb@x.org).
+     * We can sbrk(2) further back when we keep this on a low address.
+     */
+    px = (struct pgfree *) imalloc (sizeof *px);
+    errno = save_errno;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a number of complete pages
+ */
+static void *
+malloc_pages(size)
+    size_t size;
+{
+    void *p, *delay_free = 0;
+    int i;
+    struct pgfree *pf;
+    u_long index;
+
+    size = pageround(size);
+
+    p = 0;
+    /* Look for free pages before asking for more */
+    for(pf = free_list.next; pf; pf = pf->next) {
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
+        if (pf->size & malloc_pagemask)
+            wrterror("(ES): junk length entry on free_list\n");
+        if (!pf->size)
+            wrterror("(ES): zero length entry on free_list\n");
+        if (pf->page == pf->end)
+            wrterror("(ES): zero entry on free_list\n");
+        if (pf->page > pf->end)
+            wrterror("(ES): sick entry on free_list\n");
+        if ((void*)pf->page >= (void*)sbrk(0))
+            wrterror("(ES): entry on free_list past brk\n");
+        if (page_dir[ptr2index(pf->page)] != MALLOC_FREE)
+            wrterror("(ES): non-free first page on free-list\n");
+        if (page_dir[ptr2index(pf->end)-1] != MALLOC_FREE)
+            wrterror("(ES): non-free last page on free-list\n");
+#endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
+
+        if (pf->size < size)
+            continue;
+
+        if (pf->size == size) {
+            p = pf->page;
+            if (pf->next)
+                    pf->next->prev = pf->prev;
+            pf->prev->next = pf->next;
+            delay_free = pf;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        p = pf->page;
+        pf->page = (char *)pf->page + size;
+        pf->size -= size;
+        break;
+    }
+
+#ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
+    if (p && page_dir[ptr2index(p)] != MALLOC_FREE)
+        wrterror("(ES): allocated non-free page on free-list\n");
+#endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
+
+    size >>= malloc_pageshift;
+
+    /* Map new pages */
+    if (!p)
+        p = map_pages(size);
+
+    if (p) {
+
+        index = ptr2index(p);
+        page_dir[index] = MALLOC_FIRST;
+        for (i=1;i<size;i++)
+            page_dir[index+i] = MALLOC_FOLLOW;
+
+        if (malloc_junk)
+            memset(p, SOME_JUNK, size << malloc_pageshift);
+    }
+
+    if (delay_free) {
+        if (!px)
+            px = delay_free;
+        else
+            ifree(delay_free);
+    }
+
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a page of fragments
+ */
+
+static __inline__ int
+malloc_make_chunks(bits)
+    int bits;
+{
+    struct  pginfo *bp;
+    void *pp;
+    int i, k, l;
+
+    /* Allocate a new bucket */
+    pp = malloc_pages((size_t)malloc_pagesize);
+    if (!pp)
+        return 0;
+
+    /* Find length of admin structure */
+    l = sizeof *bp - sizeof(u_long);
+    l += sizeof(u_long) *
+        (((malloc_pagesize >> bits)+MALLOC_BITS-1) / MALLOC_BITS);
+
+    /* Don't waste more than two chunks on this */
+    /*
+     * If we are to allocate a memory protected page for the malloc(0)
+     * case (when bits=0), it must be from a different page than the
+     * pginfo page.
+     * --> Treat it like the big chunk alloc, get a second data page.
+     */
+    if (bits != 0 && (1UL<<(bits)) <= l+l) {
+        bp = (struct  pginfo *)pp;
+    } else {
+        bp = (struct  pginfo *)imalloc(l);
+        if (!bp) {
+            ifree(pp);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* memory protect the page allocated in the malloc(0) case */
+    if (bits == 0) {
+
+        bp->size = 0;
+        bp->shift = 1;
+        i = malloc_minsize-1;
+        while (i >>= 1)
+            bp->shift++;
+        bp->total = bp->free = malloc_pagesize >> bp->shift;
+        bp->page = pp;
+
+        k = mprotect(pp, malloc_pagesize, PROT_NONE);
+        if (k < 0) {
+            ifree(pp);
+            ifree(bp);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    } else {
+        bp->size = (1UL<<bits);
+        bp->shift = bits;
+        bp->total = bp->free = malloc_pagesize >> bits;
+        bp->page = pp;
+    }
+
+    /* set all valid bits in the bitmap */
+    k = bp->total;
+    i = 0;
+
+    /* Do a bunch at a time */
+    for(;k-i >= MALLOC_BITS; i += MALLOC_BITS)
+        bp->bits[i / MALLOC_BITS] = ~0UL;
+
+    for(; i < k; i++)
+        bp->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] |= 1UL<<(i%MALLOC_BITS);
+
+    if (bp == bp->page) {
+        /* Mark the ones we stole for ourselves */
+        for(i=0;l > 0;i++) {
+            bp->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] &= ~(1UL<<(i%MALLOC_BITS));
+            bp->free--;
+            bp->total--;
+            l -= (1 << bits);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* MALLOC_LOCK */
+
+    page_dir[ptr2index(pp)] = bp;
+
+    bp->next = page_dir[bits];
+    page_dir[bits] = bp;
+
+    /* MALLOC_UNLOCK */
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a fragment
+ */
+static void *
+malloc_bytes(size)
+    size_t size;
+{
+    int i,j;
+    u_long u;
+    struct  pginfo *bp;
+    int k;
+    u_long *lp;
+
+    /* Don't bother with anything less than this */
+    /* unless we have a malloc(0) requests */
+    if (size != 0 && size < malloc_minsize)
+        size = malloc_minsize;
+
+    /* Find the right bucket */
+    if (size == 0)
+        j=0;
+    else {
+        j = 1;
+        i = size-1;
+        while (i >>= 1)
+            j++;
+    }
+
+    /* If it's empty, make a page more of that size chunks */
+    if (!page_dir[j] && !malloc_make_chunks(j))
+        return 0;
+
+    bp = page_dir[j];
+
+    /* Find first word of bitmap which isn't empty */
+    for (lp = bp->bits; !*lp; lp++)
+        ;
+
+    /* Find that bit, and tweak it */
+    u = 1;
+    k = 0;
+    while (!(*lp & u)) {
+        u += u;
+        k++;
+    }
+    *lp ^= u;
+
+    /* If there are no more free, remove from free-list */
+    if (!--bp->free) {
+        page_dir[j] = bp->next;
+        bp->next = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Adjust to the real offset of that chunk */
+    k += (lp-bp->bits)*MALLOC_BITS;
+    k <<= bp->shift;
+
+    if (malloc_junk && bp->size != 0)
+        memset((char *)bp->page + k, SOME_JUNK, bp->size);
+
+    return (u_char *)bp->page + k;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate a piece of memory
+ */
+static void *
+imalloc(size)
+    size_t size;
+{
+    void *result;
+
+    if (!malloc_started)
+        malloc_init();
+
+    if (suicide)
+        abort();
+
+    if ((size + malloc_pagesize) < size)       /* Check for overflow */
+        result = 0;
+    else if (size <= malloc_maxsize)
+        result =  malloc_bytes(size);
+    else
+        result =  malloc_pages(size);
+
+    if (malloc_abort && !result)
+        wrterror("allocation failed.\n");
+
+    if (malloc_zero && result)
+        memset(result, 0, size);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Change the size of an allocation.
+ */
+static void *
+irealloc(ptr, size)
+    void *ptr;
+    size_t size;
+{
+    void *p;
+    u_long osize, index;
+    struct pginfo **mp;
+    int i;
+
+    if (suicide)
+        abort();
+
+    if (!malloc_started) {
+        wrtwarning("malloc() has never been called.\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    index = ptr2index(ptr);
+
+    if (index < malloc_pageshift) {
+        wrtwarning("junk pointer, too low to make sense.\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (index > last_index) {
+        wrtwarning("junk pointer, too high to make sense.\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    mp = &page_dir[index];
+
+    if (*mp == MALLOC_FIRST) {                  /* Page allocation */
+
+        /* Check the pointer */
+        if ((u_long)ptr & malloc_pagemask) {
+            wrtwarning("modified (page-) pointer.\n");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Find the size in bytes */
+        for (osize = malloc_pagesize; *++mp == MALLOC_FOLLOW;)
+            osize += malloc_pagesize;
+
+        if (!malloc_realloc &&                  /* unless we have to, */
+          size <= osize &&                      /* .. or are too small, */
+          size > (osize - malloc_pagesize)) {   /* .. or can free a page, */
+            return ptr;                         /* don't do anything. */
+        }
+
+    } else if (*mp >= MALLOC_MAGIC) {           /* Chunk allocation */
+
+        /* Check the pointer for sane values */
+        if ((u_long)ptr & ((1UL<<((*mp)->shift))-1)) {
+            wrtwarning("modified (chunk-) pointer.\n");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* Find the chunk index in the page */
+        i = ((u_long)ptr & malloc_pagemask) >> (*mp)->shift;
+
+        /* Verify that it isn't a free chunk already */
+        if ((*mp)->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] & (1UL<<(i%MALLOC_BITS))) {
+            wrtwarning("chunk is already free.\n");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        osize = (*mp)->size;
+
+        if (!malloc_realloc &&          /* Unless we have to, */
+          size < osize &&               /* ..or are too small, */
+          (size > osize/2 ||            /* ..or could use a smaller size, */
+          osize == malloc_minsize)) {   /* ..(if there is one) */
+            return ptr;                 /* ..Don't do anything */
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        wrtwarning("pointer to wrong page.\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    p = imalloc(size);
+
+    if (p) {
+        /* copy the lesser of the two sizes, and free the old one */
+        /* Don't move from/to 0 sized region !!! */
+        if (osize != 0 && size != 0) {
+            if (osize < size)
+                memcpy(p, ptr, osize);
+            else
+                memcpy(p, ptr, size);
+        }
+        ifree(ptr);
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a sequence of pages
+ */
+
+static __inline__ void
+free_pages(ptr, index, info)
+    void *ptr;
+    int index;
+    struct pginfo *info;
+{
+    int i;
+    struct pgfree *pf, *pt=0;
+    u_long l;
+    void *tail;
+
+    if (info == MALLOC_FREE) {
+        wrtwarning("page is already free.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (info != MALLOC_FIRST) {
+        wrtwarning("pointer to wrong page.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ((u_long)ptr & malloc_pagemask) {
+        wrtwarning("modified (page-) pointer.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Count how many pages and mark them free at the same time */
+    page_dir[index] = MALLOC_FREE;
+    for (i = 1; page_dir[index+i] == MALLOC_FOLLOW; i++)
+        page_dir[index + i] = MALLOC_FREE;
+
+    l = i << malloc_pageshift;
+
+    if (malloc_junk)
+        memset(ptr, SOME_JUNK, l);
+
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || (defined(__OpenBSD__) && defined(MADV_FREE))
+    if (malloc_hint)
+        madvise(ptr, l, MADV_FREE);
+#endif
+
+    tail = (char *)ptr+l;
+
+    /* add to free-list */
+    if (!px)
+        px = imalloc(sizeof *px);       /* This cannot fail... */
+    px->page = ptr;
+    px->end =  tail;
+    px->size = l;
+    if (!free_list.next) {
+
+        /* Nothing on free list, put this at head */
+        px->next = free_list.next;
+        px->prev = &free_list;
+        free_list.next = px;
+        pf = px;
+        px = 0;
+
+    } else {
+
+        /* Find the right spot, leave pf pointing to the modified entry. */
+        tail = (char *)ptr+l;
+
+        for(pf = free_list.next; pf->end < ptr && pf->next; pf = pf->next)
+            ; /* Race ahead here */
+
+        if (pf->page > tail) {
+            /* Insert before entry */
+            px->next = pf;
+            px->prev = pf->prev;
+            pf->prev = px;
+            px->prev->next = px;
+            pf = px;
+            px = 0;
+        } else if (pf->end == ptr ) {
+            /* Append to the previous entry */
+            pf->end = (char *)pf->end + l;
+            pf->size += l;
+            if (pf->next && pf->end == pf->next->page ) {
+                /* And collapse the next too. */
+                pt = pf->next;
+                pf->end = pt->end;
+                pf->size += pt->size;
+                pf->next = pt->next;
+                if (pf->next)
+                    pf->next->prev = pf;
+            }
+        } else if (pf->page == tail) {
+            /* Prepend to entry */
+            pf->size += l;
+            pf->page = ptr;
+        } else if (!pf->next) {
+            /* Append at tail of chain */
+            px->next = 0;
+            px->prev = pf;
+            pf->next = px;
+            pf = px;
+            px = 0;
+        } else {
+            wrterror("freelist is destroyed.\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Return something to OS ? */
+    if (!pf->next &&                            /* If we're the last one, */
+      pf->size > malloc_cache &&                /* ..and the cache is full, */
+      pf->end == malloc_brk &&                  /* ..and none behind us, */
+      malloc_brk == sbrk(0)) {                  /* ..and it's OK to do... */
+
+        /*
+         * Keep the cache intact.  Notice that the '>' above guarantees that
+         * the pf will always have at least one page afterwards.
+         */
+        pf->end = (char *)pf->page + malloc_cache;
+        pf->size = malloc_cache;
+
+        brk(pf->end);
+        malloc_brk = pf->end;
+
+        index = ptr2index(pf->end);
+        last_index = index - 1;
+
+        for(i=index;i <= last_index;)
+            page_dir[i++] = MALLOC_NOT_MINE;
+
+        /* XXX: We could realloc/shrink the pagedir here I guess. */
+    }
+    if (pt)
+        ifree(pt);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a chunk, and possibly the page it's on, if the page becomes empty.
+ */
+
+/* ARGSUSED */
+static __inline__ void
+free_bytes(ptr, index, info)
+    void *ptr;
+    int index;
+    struct pginfo *info;
+{
+    int i;
+    struct pginfo **mp;
+    void *vp;
+
+    /* Find the chunk number on the page */
+    i = ((u_long)ptr & malloc_pagemask) >> info->shift;
+
+    if ((u_long)ptr & ((1UL<<(info->shift))-1)) {
+        wrtwarning("modified (chunk-) pointer.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (info->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] & (1UL<<(i%MALLOC_BITS))) {
+        wrtwarning("chunk is already free.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (malloc_junk && info->size != 0)
+        memset(ptr, SOME_JUNK, info->size);
+
+    info->bits[i/MALLOC_BITS] |= 1UL<<(i%MALLOC_BITS);
+    info->free++;
+
+    if (info->size != 0)
+        mp = page_dir + info->shift;
+    else
+        mp = page_dir;
+
+    if (info->free == 1) {
+
+        /* Page became non-full */
+
+        /* Insert in address order */
+        while (*mp && (*mp)->next && (*mp)->next->page < info->page)
+            mp = &(*mp)->next;
+        info->next = *mp;
+        *mp = info;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (info->free != info->total)
+        return;
+
+    /* Find & remove this page in the queue */
+    while (*mp != info) {
+        mp = &((*mp)->next);
+#ifdef MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY
+        if (!*mp)
+                wrterror("(ES): Not on queue\n");
+#endif /* MALLOC_EXTRA_SANITY */
+    }
+    *mp = info->next;
+
+    /* Free the page & the info structure if need be */
+    page_dir[ptr2index(info->page)] = MALLOC_FIRST;
+
+    /* If the page was mprotected, unprotect it before releasing it */
+    if (info->size == 0) {
+        mprotect(info->page, malloc_pagesize, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE);
+        /* Do we have to care if mprotect succeeds here ? */
+    }
+
+    vp = info->page;            /* Order is important ! */
+    if(vp != (void*)info)
+        ifree(info);
+    ifree(vp);
+}
+
+static void
+ifree(ptr)
+    void *ptr;
+{
+    struct pginfo *info;
+    int index;
+
+    /* This is legal */
+    if (!ptr)
+        return;
+
+    if (!malloc_started) {
+        wrtwarning("malloc() has never been called.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* If we're already sinking, don't make matters any worse. */
+    if (suicide)
+        return;
+
+    index = ptr2index(ptr);
+
+    if (index < malloc_pageshift) {
+        wrtwarning("junk pointer, too low to make sense.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (index > last_index) {
+        wrtwarning("junk pointer, too high to make sense.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    info = page_dir[index];
+
+    if (info < MALLOC_MAGIC)
+        free_pages(ptr, index, info);
+    else
+        free_bytes(ptr, index, info);
+    return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are the public exported interface routines.
+ */
+
+static int malloc_active;
+
+void *
+malloc(size_t size)
+{
+    register void *r;
+
+    malloc_func = " in malloc():";
+    THREAD_LOCK();
+    if (malloc_active++) {
+        wrtwarning("recursive call.\n");
+        malloc_active--;
+        THREAD_UNLOCK();
+        return (0);
+    }
+    r = imalloc(size);
+    UTRACE(0, size, r);
+    malloc_active--;
+    THREAD_UNLOCK();
+    if (malloc_xmalloc && !r)
+        wrterror("out of memory.\n");
+    return (r);
+}
+
+void
+free(void *ptr)
+{
+    malloc_func = " in free():";
+    THREAD_LOCK();
+    if (malloc_active++) {
+        wrtwarning("recursive call.\n");
+        malloc_active--;
+        THREAD_UNLOCK();
+        return;
+    }
+    ifree(ptr);
+    UTRACE(ptr, 0, 0);
+    malloc_active--;
+    THREAD_UNLOCK();
+    return;
+}
+
+void *
+realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+    register void *r;
+
+    malloc_func = " in realloc():";
+    THREAD_LOCK();
+    if (malloc_active++) {
+        wrtwarning("recursive call.\n");
+        malloc_active--;
+        THREAD_UNLOCK();
+        return (0);
+    }
+    if (!ptr) {
+        r = imalloc(size);
+    } else {
+        r = irealloc(ptr, size);
+    }
+    UTRACE(ptr, size, r);
+    malloc_active--;
+    THREAD_UNLOCK();
+    if (malloc_xmalloc && !r)
+        wrterror("out of memory.\n");
+    return (r);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/memory.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/memory.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..959a173a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/memory.3
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: memory.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:02 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd May 2, 1991
+.Dt MEMORY 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm malloc ,
+.Nm free ,
+.Nm realloc ,
+.Nm calloc ,
+.Nm alloca
+.Nd general memory allocation operations
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void *
+.Fn malloc "size_t size"
+.Ft void
+.Fn free "void *ptr"
+.Ft void *
+.Fn realloc "void *ptr" "size_t size"
+.Ft void *
+.Fn calloc "size_t nelem" "size_t elsize"
+.Ft void *
+.Fn alloca "size_t size"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+These functions allocate and free memory for the calling process.
+They are described in the individual man pages.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr alloca 3 ,
+.Xr calloc 3 ,
+.Xr free 3 ,
+.Xr malloc 3 ,
+.Xr realloc 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+These functions, with the exception of
+.Fn alloca ,
+conform to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/merge.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ae6488af2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Peter McIlroy.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: merge.c,v 1.5 2002/02/17 19:42:24 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+/*
+ * Hybrid exponential search/linear search merge sort with hybrid
+ * natural/pairwise first pass.  Requires about .3% more comparisons
+ * for random data than LSMS with pairwise first pass alone.
+ * It works for objects as small as two bytes.
+ */
+
+#define NATURAL
+#define THRESHOLD 16    /* Best choice for natural merge cut-off. */
+
+/* #define NATURAL to get hybrid natural merge.
+ * (The default is pairwise merging.)
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static void setup(u_char *, u_char *, size_t, size_t, int (*)());
+static void insertionsort(u_char *, size_t, size_t, int (*)());
+
+#define ISIZE sizeof(int)
+#define PSIZE sizeof(u_char *)
+#define ICOPY_LIST(src, dst, last)                              \
+        do                                                      \
+        *(int*)dst = *(int*)src, src += ISIZE, dst += ISIZE;    \
+        while(src < last)
+#define ICOPY_ELT(src, dst, i)                                  \
+        do                                                      \
+        *(int*) dst = *(int*) src, src += ISIZE, dst += ISIZE;  \
+        while (i -= ISIZE)
+
+#define CCOPY_LIST(src, dst, last)              \
+        do                                      \
+                *dst++ = *src++;                \
+        while (src < last)
+#define CCOPY_ELT(src, dst, i)                  \
+        do                                      \
+                *dst++ = *src++;                \
+        while (i -= 1)
+                
+/*
+ * Find the next possible pointer head.  (Trickery for forcing an array
+ * to do double duty as a linked list when objects do not align with word
+ * boundaries.
+ */
+/* Assumption: PSIZE is a power of 2. */
+#define EVAL(p) (u_char **)                                             \
+        ((u_char *)0 +                                                  \
+            (((u_char *)p + PSIZE - 1 - (u_char *) 0) & ~(PSIZE - 1)))
+
+/*
+ * Arguments are as for qsort.
+ */
+int
+mergesort(base, nmemb, size, cmp)
+        void *base;
+        size_t nmemb;
+        register size_t size;
+        int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *);
+{
+        register int i, sense;
+        int big, iflag;
+        register u_char *f1, *f2, *t, *b, *tp2, *q, *l1, *l2;
+        u_char *list2, *list1, *p2, *p, *last, **p1;
+
+        if (size < PSIZE / 2) {         /* Pointers must fit into 2 * size. */
+                errno = EINVAL;
+                return (-1);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * XXX
+         * Stupid subtraction for the Cray.
+         */
+        iflag = 0;
+        if (!(size % ISIZE) && !(((char *)base - (char *)0) % ISIZE))
+                iflag = 1;
+
+        if ((list2 = malloc(nmemb * size + PSIZE)) == NULL)
+                return (-1);
+
+        list1 = base;
+        setup(list1, list2, nmemb, size, cmp);
+        last = list2 + nmemb * size;
+        i = big = 0;
+        while (*EVAL(list2) != last) {
+            l2 = list1;
+            p1 = EVAL(list1);
+            for (tp2 = p2 = list2; p2 != last; p1 = EVAL(l2)) {
+                p2 = *EVAL(p2);
+                f1 = l2;
+                f2 = l1 = list1 + (p2 - list2);
+                if (p2 != last)
+                        p2 = *EVAL(p2);
+                l2 = list1 + (p2 - list2);
+                while (f1 < l1 && f2 < l2) {
+                        if ((*cmp)(f1, f2) <= 0) {
+                                q = f2;
+                                b = f1, t = l1;
+                                sense = -1;
+                        } else {
+                                q = f1;
+                                b = f2, t = l2;
+                                sense = 0;
+                        }
+                        if (!big) {     /* here i = 0 */
+                                while ((b += size) < t && cmp(q, b) >sense)
+                                        if (++i == 6) {
+                                                big = 1;
+                                                goto EXPONENTIAL;
+                                        }
+                        } else {
+EXPONENTIAL:                    for (i = size; ; i <<= 1)
+                                        if ((p = (b + i)) >= t) {
+                                                if ((p = t - size) > b &&
+                                                    (*cmp)(q, p) <= sense)
+                                                        t = p;
+                                                else
+                                                        b = p;
+                                                break;
+                                        } else if ((*cmp)(q, p) <= sense) {
+                                                t = p;
+                                                if (i == size)
+                                                        big = 0; 
+                                                goto FASTCASE;
+                                        } else
+                                                b = p;
+                                while (t > b+size) {
+                                        i = (((t - b) / size) >> 1) * size;
+                                        if ((*cmp)(q, p = b + i) <= sense)
+                                                t = p;
+                                        else
+                                                b = p;
+                                }
+                                goto COPY;
+FASTCASE:                       while (i > size)
+                                        if ((*cmp)(q,
+                                                p = b + (i >>= 1)) <= sense)
+                                                t = p;
+                                        else
+                                                b = p;
+COPY:                           b = t;
+                        }
+                        i = size;
+                        if (q == f1) {
+                                if (iflag) {
+                                        ICOPY_LIST(f2, tp2, b);
+                                        ICOPY_ELT(f1, tp2, i);
+                                } else {
+                                        CCOPY_LIST(f2, tp2, b);
+                                        CCOPY_ELT(f1, tp2, i);
+                                }
+                        } else {
+                                if (iflag) {
+                                        ICOPY_LIST(f1, tp2, b);
+                                        ICOPY_ELT(f2, tp2, i);
+                                } else {
+                                        CCOPY_LIST(f1, tp2, b);
+                                        CCOPY_ELT(f2, tp2, i);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+                if (f2 < l2) {
+                        if (iflag)
+                                ICOPY_LIST(f2, tp2, l2);
+                        else
+                                CCOPY_LIST(f2, tp2, l2);
+                } else if (f1 < l1) {
+                        if (iflag)
+                                ICOPY_LIST(f1, tp2, l1);
+                        else
+                                CCOPY_LIST(f1, tp2, l1);
+                }
+                *p1 = l2;
+            }
+            tp2 = list1;        /* swap list1, list2 */
+            list1 = list2;
+            list2 = tp2;
+            last = list2 + nmemb*size;
+        }
+        if (base == list2) {
+                memmove(list2, list1, nmemb*size);
+                list2 = list1;
+        }
+        free(list2);
+        return (0);
+}
+
+#define swap(a, b) {                                    \
+                s = b;                                  \
+                i = size;                               \
+                do {                                    \
+                        tmp = *a; *a++ = *s; *s++ = tmp; \
+                } while (--i);                          \
+                a -= size;                              \
+        }
+#define reverse(bot, top) {                             \
+        s = top;                                        \
+        do {                                            \
+                i = size;                               \
+                do {                                    \
+                        tmp = *bot; *bot++ = *s; *s++ = tmp; \
+                } while (--i);                          \
+                s -= size2;                             \
+        } while(bot < s);                               \
+}
+
+/*
+ * Optional hybrid natural/pairwise first pass.  Eats up list1 in runs of
+ * increasing order, list2 in a corresponding linked list.  Checks for runs
+ * when THRESHOLD/2 pairs compare with same sense.  (Only used when NATURAL
+ * is defined.  Otherwise simple pairwise merging is used.)
+ */
+void
+setup(list1, list2, n, size, cmp)
+        size_t n, size;
+        int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *);
+        u_char *list1, *list2;
+{
+        int i, length, size2, tmp, sense;
+        u_char *f1, *f2, *s, *l2, *last, *p2;
+
+        size2 = size*2;
+        if (n <= 5) {
+                insertionsort(list1, n, size, cmp);
+                *EVAL(list2) = (u_char*) list2 + n*size;
+                return;
+        }
+        /*
+         * Avoid running pointers out of bounds; limit n to evens
+         * for simplicity.
+         */
+        i = 4 + (n & 1);
+        insertionsort(list1 + (n - i) * size, i, size, cmp);
+        last = list1 + size * (n - i);
+        *EVAL(list2 + (last - list1)) = list2 + n * size;
+
+#ifdef NATURAL
+        p2 = list2;
+        f1 = list1;
+        sense = (cmp(f1, f1 + size) > 0);
+        for (; f1 < last; sense = !sense) {
+                length = 2;
+                                        /* Find pairs with same sense. */
+                for (f2 = f1 + size2; f2 < last; f2 += size2) {
+                        if ((cmp(f2, f2+ size) > 0) != sense)
+                                break;
+                        length += 2;
+                }
+                if (length < THRESHOLD) {               /* Pairwise merge */
+                        do {
+                                p2 = *EVAL(p2) = f1 + size2 - list1 + list2;
+                                if (sense > 0)
+                                        swap (f1, f1 + size);
+                        } while ((f1 += size2) < f2);
+                } else {                                /* Natural merge */
+                        l2 = f2;
+                        for (f2 = f1 + size2; f2 < l2; f2 += size2) {
+                                if ((cmp(f2-size, f2) > 0) != sense) {
+                                        p2 = *EVAL(p2) = f2 - list1 + list2;
+                                        if (sense > 0)
+                                                reverse(f1, f2-size);
+                                        f1 = f2;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        if (sense > 0)
+                                reverse (f1, f2-size);
+                        f1 = f2;
+                        if (f2 < last || cmp(f2 - size, f2) > 0)
+                                p2 = *EVAL(p2) = f2 - list1 + list2;
+                        else
+                                p2 = *EVAL(p2) = list2 + n*size;
+                }
+        }
+#else           /* pairwise merge only. */
+        for (f1 = list1, p2 = list2; f1 < last; f1 += size2) {
+                p2 = *EVAL(p2) = p2 + size2;
+                if (cmp (f1, f1 + size) > 0)
+                        swap(f1, f1 + size);
+        }
+#endif /* NATURAL */
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is to avoid out-of-bounds addresses in sorting the
+ * last 4 elements.
+ */
+static void
+insertionsort(a, n, size, cmp)
+        u_char *a;
+        size_t n, size;
+        int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *);
+{
+        u_char *ai, *s, *t, *u, tmp;
+        int i;
+
+        for (ai = a+size; --n >= 1; ai += size)
+                for (t = ai; t > a; t -= size) {
+                        u = t - size;
+                        if (cmp(u, t) <= 0)
+                                break;
+                        swap(u, t);
+                }
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/mrand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/mrand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd34260b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/mrand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: mrand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:39 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+extern unsigned short __rand48_seed[3];
+
+long
+mrand48(void)
+{
+        __dorand48(__rand48_seed);
+        return ((long) __rand48_seed[2] << 16) + (long) __rand48_seed[1];
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/multibyte.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/multibyte.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f08bbe342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/multibyte.c
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: multibyte.c,v 1.3 2002/02/19 19:39:37 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/*
+ * Stub multibyte character functions.
+ * This cheezy implementation is fixed to the native single-byte
+ * character set.
+ */
+
+int
+mblen(s, n)
+        const char *s;
+        size_t n;
+{
+        if (s == NULL || *s == '\0')
+                return 0;
+        if (n == 0)
+                return -1;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+int
+mbtowc(pwc, s, n)
+        wchar_t *pwc;
+        const char *s;
+        size_t n;
+{
+        if (s == NULL)
+                return 0;
+        if (n == 0)
+                return -1;
+        if (pwc)
+                *pwc = (wchar_t) *s;
+        return (*s != '\0');
+}
+
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+int
+wctomb(char *s, wchar_t wchar)
+{
+        if (s == NULL)
+                return 0;
+
+        *s = (char) wchar;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+size_t
+mbstowcs(pwcs, s, n)
+        wchar_t *pwcs;
+        const char *s;
+        size_t n;
+{
+        int count = 0;
+
+        if (n != 0) {
+                do {
+                        if ((*pwcs++ = (wchar_t) *s++) == 0)
+                                break;
+                        count++;
+                } while (--n != 0);
+        }
+        
+        return count;
+}
+
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+size_t
+wcstombs(s, pwcs, n)
+        char *s;
+        const wchar_t *pwcs;
+        size_t n;
+{
+        int count = 0;
+
+        if (n != 0) {
+                do {
+                        if ((*s++ = (char) *pwcs++) == 0)
+                                break;
+                        count++;
+                } while (--n != 0);
+        }
+
+        return count;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/nrand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/nrand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1ec2cebb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/nrand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: nrand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:40 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+long
+nrand48(unsigned short xseed[3])
+{
+        __dorand48(xseed);
+        return ((long) xseed[2] << 15) + ((long) xseed[1] >> 1);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/putenv.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/putenv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8c4886d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/putenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
+ *     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: putenv.c,v 1.2 1996/08/10 05:03:00 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int
+putenv(str)
+        const char *str;
+{
+        char *p, *equal;
+        int rval;
+
+        if ((p = strdup(str)) == NULL)
+                return (-1);
+        if ((equal = strchr(p, '=')) == NULL) {
+                (void)free(p);
+                return (-1);
+        }
+        *equal = '\0';
+        rval = setenv(p, equal + 1, 1);
+        (void)free(p);
+        return (rval);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qabs.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qabs.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef0307ab25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qabs.3
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: qabs.3,v 1.5 2000/04/20 13:50:02 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt QABS 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm qabs
+.Nd return the absolute value of a quad integer
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft quad_t
+.Fn qabs "quad_t j"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn qabs
+function returns the absolute value of the quad integer
+.Fa j .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr abs 3 ,
+.Xr cabs 3 ,
+.Xr floor 3 ,
+.Xr labs 3 ,
+.Xr math 3
+.Sh BUGS
+The absolute value of the most negative integer remains negative.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qabs.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qabs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ccc42cbec6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qabs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: qabs.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:40 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+quad_t
+qabs(j)
+        quad_t j;
+{
+        return(j < 0 ? -j : j);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qdiv.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qdiv.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4db47d9b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qdiv.3
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
+.\" on Information Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: qdiv.3,v 1.4 2000/12/24 00:31:00 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt QDIV 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm qdiv
+.Nd return quotient and remainder from division
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft qdiv_t
+.Fn qdiv "quad_t num" "quad_t denom"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn qdiv
+function computes the value
+.Fa num Ns No / Ns Fa denom
+and returns the quotient and remainder in a structure named
+.Li qdiv_t
+that contains two
+.Li quad integer
+members named
+.Fa quot
+and
+.Fa rem .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr div 3 ,
+.Xr ldiv 3 ,
+.Xr math 3
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qdiv.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qdiv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07e84cd649
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qdiv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Chris Torek.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: qdiv.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:41 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>             /* qdiv_t */
+
+qdiv_t
+qdiv(num, denom)
+        quad_t num, denom;
+{
+        qdiv_t r;
+
+        /* see div.c for comments */
+
+        r.quot = num / denom;
+        r.rem = num % denom;
+        if (num >= 0 && r.rem < 0) {
+                r.quot++;
+                r.rem -= denom;
+        }
+        return (r);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qsort.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qsort.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c4eba46bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qsort.3
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: qsort.3,v 1.9 2002/02/23 19:51:46 miod Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 4, 1993
+.Dt QSORT 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm qsort ,
+.Nm heapsort ,
+.Nm mergesort
+.Nd sort functions
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void
+.Fn qsort "void *base" "size_t nmemb" "size_t size" "int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)"
+.Ft int
+.Fn heapsort "void *base" "size_t nmemb" "size_t size" "int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)"
+.Ft int
+.Fn mergesort "void *base" "size_t nmemb" "size_t size" "int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn qsort
+function is a modified partition-exchange sort, or quicksort.
+The
+.Fn heapsort
+function is a modified selection sort.
+The
+.Fn mergesort
+function is a modified merge sort with exponential search
+intended for sorting data with pre-existing order.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn qsort
+and
+.Fn heapsort
+functions sort an array of
+.Fa nmemb
+objects, the initial member of which is pointed to by
+.Fa base .
+The size of each object is specified by
+.Fa size .
+.Fn mergesort
+behaves similarly, but
+.Em requires
+that
+.Fa size
+be greater than
+.Dq "sizeof(void *) / 2" .
+.Pp
+The contents of the array
+.Fa base
+are sorted in ascending order according to
+a comparison function pointed to by
+.Fa compar ,
+which requires two arguments pointing to the objects being
+compared.
+.Pp
+The comparison function must return an integer less than, equal to, or
+greater than zero if the first argument is considered to be respectively
+less than, equal to, or greater than the second.
+.Pp
+The functions
+.Fn qsort
+and
+.Fn heapsort
+are
+.Em not
+stable, that is, if two members compare as equal, their order in
+the sorted array is undefined.
+The function
+.Fn mergesort
+is stable.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn qsort
+function is an implementation of C.A.R. Hoare's
+.Dq quicksort
+algorithm,
+a variant of partition-exchange sorting; in particular, see D.E. Knuth's
+Algorithm Q.
+.Fn qsort
+takes O N lg N average time.
+This implementation uses median selection to avoid its
+O N**2 worst-case behavior.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn heapsort
+function is an implementation of J.W.J. William's
+.Dq heapsort
+algorithm,
+a variant of selection sorting; in particular, see D.E. Knuth's Algorithm H.
+.Fn heapsort
+takes O N lg N worst-case time.
+This implementation of
+.Fn qsort
+is implemented without recursive function calls.
+.Pp
+The function
+.Fn mergesort
+requires additional memory of size
+.Fa nmemb *
+.Fa size
+bytes; it should be used only when space is not at a premium.
+.Fn mergesort
+is optimized for data with pre-existing order; its worst case
+time is O N lg N; its best case is O N.
+.Pp
+Normally,
+.Fn qsort
+is faster than
+.Fn mergesort ,
+which is faster than
+.Fn heapsort .
+Memory availability and pre-existing order in the data can make this untrue.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn qsort
+function returns no value.
+.Pp
+Upon successful completion,
+.Fn heapsort
+and
+.Fn mergesort
+return 0.
+Otherwise, they return \-1 and the global variable
+.Va errno
+is set to indicate the error.
+.Sh ERRORS
+The
+.Fn heapsort
+and
+.Fn mergesort
+functions succeed unless:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The
+.Fa size
+argument is zero, or the
+.Fa size
+argument to
+.Fn mergesort
+is less than
+.Dq "sizeof(void *) / 2" .
+.It Bq Er ENOMEM
+.Fn heapsort
+or
+.Fn mergesort
+were unable to allocate memory.
+.El
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+Previous versions of
+.Fn qsort
+did not permit the comparison routine itself to call
+.Fn qsort 3 .
+This is no longer true.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sort 1 ,
+.Xr radixsort 3
+.Rs
+.%A Hoare, C.A.R.
+.%D 1962
+.%T "Quicksort"
+.%J "The Computer Journal"
+.%V 5:1
+.%P pp. 10-15
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Williams, J.W.J
+.%D 1964
+.%T "Heapsort"
+.%J "Communications of the ACM"
+.%V 7:1
+.%P pp. 347-348
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Knuth, D.E.
+.%D 1968
+.%B "The Art of Computer Programming"
+.%V Vol. 3
+.%T "Sorting and Searching"
+.%P pp. 114-123, 145-149
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Mcilroy, P.M.
+.%T "Optimistic Sorting and Information Theoretic Complexity"
+.%J "Fourth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms"
+.%V January 1992
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Bentley, J.L.
+.%T "Engineering a Sort Function"
+.%J "bentley@research.att.com"
+.%V January 1992
+.Re
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn qsort
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qsort.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qsort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b8bb5801b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/qsort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: qsort.c,v 1.7 2002/02/17 19:42:24 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static __inline char    *med3(char *, char *, char *, int (*)());
+static __inline void     swapfunc(char *, char *, int, int);
+
+#define min(a, b)       (a) < (b) ? a : b
+
+/*
+ * Qsort routine from Bentley & McIlroy's "Engineering a Sort Function".
+ */
+#define swapcode(TYPE, parmi, parmj, n) {               \
+        long i = (n) / sizeof (TYPE);                   \
+        register TYPE *pi = (TYPE *) (parmi);           \
+        register TYPE *pj = (TYPE *) (parmj);           \
+        do {                                            \
+                register TYPE   t = *pi;                \
+                *pi++ = *pj;                            \
+                *pj++ = t;                              \
+        } while (--i > 0);                              \
+}
+
+#define SWAPINIT(a, es) swaptype = ((char *)a - (char *)0) % sizeof(long) || \
+        es % sizeof(long) ? 2 : es == sizeof(long)? 0 : 1;
+
+static __inline void
+swapfunc(a, b, n, swaptype)
+        char *a, *b;
+        int n, swaptype;
+{
+        if (swaptype <= 1) 
+                swapcode(long, a, b, n)
+        else
+                swapcode(char, a, b, n)
+}
+
+#define swap(a, b)                                      \
+        if (swaptype == 0) {                            \
+                long t = *(long *)(a);                  \
+                *(long *)(a) = *(long *)(b);            \
+                *(long *)(b) = t;                       \
+        } else                                          \
+                swapfunc(a, b, es, swaptype)
+
+#define vecswap(a, b, n)        if ((n) > 0) swapfunc(a, b, n, swaptype)
+
+static __inline char *
+med3(a, b, c, cmp)
+        char *a, *b, *c;
+        int (*cmp)();
+{
+        return cmp(a, b) < 0 ?
+               (cmp(b, c) < 0 ? b : (cmp(a, c) < 0 ? c : a ))
+              :(cmp(b, c) > 0 ? b : (cmp(a, c) < 0 ? a : c ));
+}
+
+void
+qsort(aa, n, es, cmp)
+        void *aa;
+        size_t n, es;
+        int (*cmp)();
+{
+        char *pa, *pb, *pc, *pd, *pl, *pm, *pn;
+        int d, r, swaptype, swap_cnt;
+        register char *a = aa;
+
+loop:   SWAPINIT(a, es);
+        swap_cnt = 0;
+        if (n < 7) {
+                for (pm = (char *)a + es; pm < (char *) a + n * es; pm += es)
+                        for (pl = pm; pl > (char *) a && cmp(pl - es, pl) > 0;
+                             pl -= es)
+                                swap(pl, pl - es);
+                return;
+        }
+        pm = (char *)a + (n / 2) * es;
+        if (n > 7) {
+                pl = (char *)a;
+                pn = (char *)a + (n - 1) * es;
+                if (n > 40) {
+                        d = (n / 8) * es;
+                        pl = med3(pl, pl + d, pl + 2 * d, cmp);
+                        pm = med3(pm - d, pm, pm + d, cmp);
+                        pn = med3(pn - 2 * d, pn - d, pn, cmp);
+                }
+                pm = med3(pl, pm, pn, cmp);
+        }
+        swap(a, pm);
+        pa = pb = (char *)a + es;
+
+        pc = pd = (char *)a + (n - 1) * es;
+        for (;;) {
+                while (pb <= pc && (r = cmp(pb, a)) <= 0) {
+                        if (r == 0) {
+                                swap_cnt = 1;
+                                swap(pa, pb);
+                                pa += es;
+                        }
+                        pb += es;
+                }
+                while (pb <= pc && (r = cmp(pc, a)) >= 0) {
+                        if (r == 0) {
+                                swap_cnt = 1;
+                                swap(pc, pd);
+                                pd -= es;
+                        }
+                        pc -= es;
+                }
+                if (pb > pc)
+                        break;
+                swap(pb, pc);
+                swap_cnt = 1;
+                pb += es;
+                pc -= es;
+        }
+        if (swap_cnt == 0) {  /* Switch to insertion sort */
+                for (pm = (char *) a + es; pm < (char *) a + n * es; pm += es)
+                        for (pl = pm; pl > (char *) a && cmp(pl - es, pl) > 0; 
+                             pl -= es)
+                                swap(pl, pl - es);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        pn = (char *)a + n * es;
+        r = min(pa - (char *)a, pb - pa);
+        vecswap(a, pb - r, r);
+        r = min(pd - pc, pn - pd - es);
+        vecswap(pb, pn - r, r);
+        if ((r = pb - pa) > es)
+                qsort(a, r / es, es, cmp);
+        if ((r = pd - pc) > es) { 
+                /* Iterate rather than recurse to save stack space */
+                a = pn - r;
+                n = r / es;
+                goto loop;
+        }
+/*              qsort(pn - r, r / es, es, cmp);*/
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/radixsort.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/radixsort.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f70990fa8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/radixsort.3
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: radixsort.3,v 1.7 2001/08/06 10:42:26 mpech Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd January 27, 1994
+.Dt RADIXSORT 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm radixsort
+.Nd radix sort
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <limits.h>
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft int
+.Fn radixsort "const u_char **base" "int nmemb" "const u_char *table" "u_int endbyte"
+.Ft int
+.Fn sradixsort "const u_char **base" "int nmemb" "const u_char *table" "u_int endbyte"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn radixsort
+and
+.Fn sradixsort
+functions are implementations of radix sort.
+.Pp
+These functions sort an array of pointers to byte strings, the initial
+member of which is referenced by
+.Fa base .
+The byte strings may contain any values; the end of each string
+is denoted by the user-specified value
+.Fa endbyte .
+.Pp
+Applications may specify a sort order by providing the
+.Fa table
+argument.
+If non-null,
+.Fa table
+must reference an array of
+.Dv UCHAR_MAX
++ 1 bytes which contains the sort weight of each possible byte value.
+The end-of-string byte must have a sort weight of 0 or 255
+(for sorting in reverse order).
+More than one byte may have the same sort weight.
+The
+.Fa table
+argument is useful for applications which wish to sort different characters
+equally, for example, providing a table with the same weights
+for A-Z as for a-z will result in a case-insensitive sort.
+If
+.Fa table
+is
+.Dv NULL ,
+the contents of the array are sorted in ascending order according to the
+.Tn ASCII
+order of the byte strings they reference and
+.Fa endbyte
+has a sorting weight of 0.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn sradixsort
+function is stable, that is, if two elements compare as equal, their
+order in the sorted array is unchanged.
+The
+.Fn sradixsort
+function uses additional memory sufficient to hold
+.Fa nmemb
+pointers.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn radixsort
+function is not stable, but uses no additional memory.
+.Pp
+These functions are variants of most-significant-byte radix sorting; in
+particular, see D.E. Knuth's Algorithm R and section 5.2.5, exercise 10.
+They take linear time relative to the number of bytes in the strings.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+Upon successful completion 0 is returned.
+Otherwise, \-1 is returned and the global variable
+.Va errno
+is set to indicate the error.
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The value of the
+.Fa endbyte
+element of
+.Fa table
+is not 0 or 255.
+.El
+.Pp
+Additionally, the
+.Fn sradixsort
+function may fail and set
+.Va errno
+for any of the errors specified for the library routine
+.Xr malloc 3 .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sort 1 ,
+.Xr qsort 3
+.Rs
+.%A Knuth, D.E.
+.%D 1968
+.%B "The Art of Computer Programming"
+.%T "Sorting and Searching"
+.%V Vol. 3
+.%P pp. 170-178
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Paige, R.
+.%D 1987
+.%T "Three Partition Refinement Algorithms"
+.%J "SIAM J. Comput."
+.%V Vol. 16
+.%N No. 6
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A McIlroy, P.
+.%D 1993
+.%B "Engineering Radix Sort"
+.%T "Computing Systems"
+.%V Vol. 6:1
+.%P pp. 5-27
+.Re
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Fn radixsort
+function first appeared in
+.Bx 4.4 .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/radixsort.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/radixsort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e03b479715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/radixsort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Peter McIlroy and by Dan Bernstein at New York University, 
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: radixsort.c,v 1.5 2002/02/17 19:42:24 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+/*
+ * Radixsort routines.
+ * 
+ * Program r_sort_a() is unstable but uses O(logN) extra memory for a stack.
+ * Use radixsort(a, n, trace, endchar) for this case.
+ * 
+ * For stable sorting (using N extra pointers) use sradixsort(), which calls
+ * r_sort_b().
+ * 
+ * For a description of this code, see D. McIlroy, P. McIlroy, K. Bostic,
+ * "Engineering Radix Sort".
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+        const u_char **sa;
+        int sn, si;
+} stack;
+
+static __inline void simplesort
+(const u_char **, int, int, const u_char *, u_int);
+static void r_sort_a(const u_char **, int, int, const u_char *, u_int);
+static void r_sort_b(const u_char **,
+            const u_char **, int, int, const u_char *, u_int);
+
+#define THRESHOLD       20              /* Divert to simplesort(). */
+#define SIZE            512             /* Default stack size. */
+
+#define SETUP {                                                         \
+        if (tab == NULL) {                                              \
+                tr = tr0;                                               \
+                for (c = 0; c < endch; c++)                             \
+                        tr0[c] = c + 1;                                 \
+                tr0[c] = 0;                                             \
+                for (c++; c < 256; c++)                                 \
+                        tr0[c] = c;                                     \
+                endch = 0;                                              \
+        } else {                                                        \
+                endch = tab[endch];                                     \
+                tr = tab;                                               \
+                if (endch != 0 && endch != 255) {                       \
+                        errno = EINVAL;                                 \
+                        return (-1);                                    \
+                }                                                       \
+        }                                                               \
+}
+
+int
+radixsort(a, n, tab, endch)
+        const u_char **a, *tab;
+        int n;
+        u_int endch;
+{
+        const u_char *tr;
+        int c;
+        u_char tr0[256];
+
+        SETUP;
+        r_sort_a(a, n, 0, tr, endch);
+        return (0);
+}
+
+int
+sradixsort(a, n, tab, endch)
+        const u_char **a, *tab;
+        int n;
+        u_int endch;
+{
+        const u_char *tr, **ta;
+        int c;
+        u_char tr0[256];
+
+        SETUP;
+        if (n < THRESHOLD)
+                simplesort(a, n, 0, tr, endch);
+        else {
+                if ((ta = malloc(n * sizeof(a))) == NULL)
+                        return (-1);
+                r_sort_b(a, ta, n, 0, tr, endch);
+                free(ta);
+        }
+        return (0);
+}
+
+#define empty(s)        (s >= sp)
+#define pop(a, n, i)    a = (--sp)->sa, n = sp->sn, i = sp->si
+#define push(a, n, i)   sp->sa = a, sp->sn = n, (sp++)->si = i
+#define swap(a, b, t)   t = a, a = b, b = t
+
+/* Unstable, in-place sort. */
+void
+r_sort_a(a, n, i, tr, endch)
+        const u_char **a;
+        int n, i;
+        const u_char *tr;
+        u_int endch;
+{
+        static int count[256], nc, bmin;
+        register int c;
+        register const u_char **ak, *r;
+        stack s[SIZE], *sp, *sp0, *sp1, temp;
+        int *cp, bigc;
+        const u_char **an, *t, **aj, **top[256];
+
+        /* Set up stack. */
+        sp = s;
+        push(a, n, i);
+        while (!empty(s)) {
+                pop(a, n, i);
+                if (n < THRESHOLD) {
+                        simplesort(a, n, i, tr, endch);
+                        continue;
+                }
+                an = a + n;
+
+                /* Make character histogram. */
+                if (nc == 0) {
+                        bmin = 255;     /* First occupied bin, excluding eos. */
+                        for (ak = a; ak < an;) {
+                                c = tr[(*ak++)[i]];
+                                if (++count[c] == 1 && c != endch) {
+                                        if (c < bmin)
+                                                bmin = c;
+                                        nc++;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        if (sp + nc > s + SIZE) {       /* Get more stack. */
+                                r_sort_a(a, n, i, tr, endch);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /*
+                 * Set top[]; push incompletely sorted bins onto stack.
+                 * top[] = pointers to last out-of-place element in bins.
+                 * count[] = counts of elements in bins.
+                 * Before permuting: top[c-1] + count[c] = top[c];
+                 * during deal: top[c] counts down to top[c-1].
+                 */
+                sp0 = sp1 = sp;         /* Stack position of biggest bin. */
+                bigc = 2;               /* Size of biggest bin. */
+                if (endch == 0)         /* Special case: set top[eos]. */
+                        top[0] = ak = a + count[0];
+                else {
+                        ak = a;
+                        top[255] = an;
+                }
+                for (cp = count + bmin; nc > 0; cp++) {
+                        while (*cp == 0)        /* Find next non-empty pile. */
+                                cp++;
+                        if (*cp > 1) {
+                                if (*cp > bigc) {
+                                        bigc = *cp;
+                                        sp1 = sp;
+                                }
+                                push(ak, *cp, i+1);
+                        }
+                        top[cp-count] = ak += *cp;
+                        nc--;
+                }
+                swap(*sp0, *sp1, temp); /* Play it safe -- biggest bin last. */
+
+                /*
+                 * Permute misplacements home.  Already home: everything
+                 * before aj, and in bin[c], items from top[c] on.
+                 * Inner loop:
+                 *      r = next element to put in place;
+                 *      ak = top[r[i]] = location to put the next element.
+                 *      aj = bottom of 1st disordered bin.
+                 * Outer loop:
+                 *      Once the 1st disordered bin is done, ie. aj >= ak,
+                 *      aj<-aj + count[c] connects the bins in a linked list;
+                 *      reset count[c].
+                 */
+                for (aj = a; aj < an;  *aj = r, aj += count[c], count[c] = 0)
+                        for (r = *aj;  aj < (ak = --top[c = tr[r[i]]]);)
+                                swap(*ak, r, t);
+        }
+}
+
+/* Stable sort, requiring additional memory. */
+void
+r_sort_b(a, ta, n, i, tr, endch)
+        const u_char **a, **ta;
+        int n, i;
+        const u_char *tr;
+        u_int endch;
+{
+        static int count[256], nc, bmin;
+        register int c;
+        register const u_char **ak, **ai;
+        stack s[512], *sp, *sp0, *sp1, temp;
+        const u_char **top[256];
+        int *cp, bigc;
+
+        sp = s;
+        push(a, n, i);
+        while (!empty(s)) {
+                pop(a, n, i);
+                if (n < THRESHOLD) {
+                        simplesort(a, n, i, tr, endch);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (nc == 0) {
+                        bmin = 255;
+                        for (ak = a + n; --ak >= a;) {
+                                c = tr[(*ak)[i]];
+                                if (++count[c] == 1 && c != endch) {
+                                        if (c < bmin)
+                                                bmin = c;
+                                        nc++;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        if (sp + nc > s + SIZE) {
+                                r_sort_b(a, ta, n, i, tr, endch);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                sp0 = sp1 = sp;
+                bigc = 2;
+                if (endch == 0) {
+                        top[0] = ak = a + count[0];
+                        count[0] = 0;
+                } else {
+                        ak = a;
+                        top[255] = a + n;
+                        count[255] = 0;
+                }
+                for (cp = count + bmin; nc > 0; cp++) {
+                        while (*cp == 0)
+                                cp++;
+                        if ((c = *cp) > 1) {
+                                if (c > bigc) {
+                                        bigc = c;
+                                        sp1 = sp;
+                                }
+                                push(ak, c, i+1);
+                        }
+                        top[cp-count] = ak += c;
+                        *cp = 0;                        /* Reset count[]. */
+                        nc--;
+                }
+                swap(*sp0, *sp1, temp);
+
+                for (ak = ta + n, ai = a+n; ak > ta;)   /* Copy to temp. */
+                        *--ak = *--ai;
+                for (ak = ta+n; --ak >= ta;)            /* Deal to piles. */
+                        *--top[tr[(*ak)[i]]] = *ak;
+        }
+}
+                
+static __inline void
+simplesort(a, n, b, tr, endch)  /* insertion sort */
+        register const u_char **a;
+        int n, b;
+        register const u_char *tr;
+        u_int endch;
+{
+        register u_char ch;
+        const u_char  **ak, **ai, *s, *t;
+
+        for (ak = a+1; --n >= 1; ak++)
+                for (ai = ak; ai > a; ai--) {
+                        for (s = ai[0] + b, t = ai[-1] + b;
+                            (ch = tr[*s]) != endch; s++, t++)
+                                if (ch != tr[*t])
+                                        break;
+                        if (ch >= tr[*t])
+                                break;
+                        swap(ai[0], ai[-1], s);
+                }
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8899c2e104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.3
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: rand.3,v 1.8 2001/05/13 23:38:02 millert Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt RAND 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm rand ,
+.Nm srand
+.Nd bad random number generator
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft void
+.Fn srand "unsigned int seed"
+.Ft int
+.Fn rand void
+.Ft int
+.Fn rand_r "unsigned int *seed"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Bf -symbolic
+These interfaces are obsoleted by
+.Xr random 3 .
+.Ef
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn rand
+function computes a sequence of pseudo-random integers in the range
+of 0 to
+.Dv RAND_MAX
+(as defined by the header file
+.Aq Pa stdlib.h ) .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn srand
+function sets its argument as the seed for a new sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers to be returned by
+.Fn rand .
+These sequences are repeatable by calling
+.Fn srand
+with the same seed value.
+.Pp
+If no seed value is provided, the functions are automatically
+seeded with a value of 1.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn rand_r
+is a thread-safe version of
+.Fn rand .
+Storage for the seed must be provided through the
+.Fa seed
+argument, and needs to have been initialized by the caller.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr arc4random 3 ,
+.Xr rand48 3 ,
+.Xr random 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn rand
+and
+.Fn srand
+functions conform to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn rand_r
+function conforms to ISO/IEC 9945-1 ANSI/IEEE
+.Pq Dq Tn POSIX
+Std 1003.1c Draft 10.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb180886c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: rand.c,v 1.6 1998/12/07 21:47:22 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+static u_int next = 1;
+
+int
+rand_r(seed)
+u_int *seed;
+{
+
+        *seed = *seed * 1103515245 + 12345;
+        return (*seed % ((u_int)RAND_MAX + 1));
+}
+
+int
+rand()
+{
+
+        return (rand_r(&next));
+}
+
+void
+srand(seed)
+u_int seed;
+{
+
+        next = seed;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand48.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand48.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31a4fdf4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand48.3
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+\" Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+.\" code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+.\" following conditions are retained.
+.\"
+.\" This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+.\" of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+.\" to anyone/anything when using this software.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: rand48.3,v 1.8 2001/08/06 10:42:26 mpech Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd October 8, 1993
+.Dt RAND48 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm drand48 ,
+.Nm erand48 ,
+.Nm lrand48 ,
+.Nm nrand48 ,
+.Nm mrand48 ,
+.Nm jrand48 ,
+.Nm srand48 ,
+.Nm seed48 ,
+.Nm lcong48
+.Nd pseudo random number generators and initialization routines
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft double
+.Fn drand48 void
+.Ft double
+.Fn erand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
+.Ft long
+.Fn lrand48 void
+.Ft long
+.Fn nrand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
+.Ft long
+.Fn mrand48 void
+.Ft long
+.Fn jrand48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
+.Ft void
+.Fn srand48 "long seed"
+.Ft "unsigned short *"
+.Fn seed48 "unsigned short xseed[3]"
+.Ft void
+.Fn lcong48 "unsigned short p[7]"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn rand48
+family of functions generates pseudo-random numbers using a linear
+congruential algorithm working on integers 48 bits in size.
+The particular formula employed is
+r(n+1) = (a * r(n) + c) mod m
+where the default values are
+for the multiplicand a = 0xfdeece66d = 25214903917 and
+the addend c = 0xb = 11.
+The modulus is always fixed at m = 2 ** 48.
+r(n) is called the seed of the random number generator.
+.Pp
+For all the six generator routines described next, the first
+computational step is to perform a single iteration of the algorithm.
+.Pp
+.Fn drand48
+and
+.Fn erand48
+return values of type double.
+The full 48 bits of r(n+1) are
+loaded into the mantissa of the returned value, with the exponent set
+such that the values produced lie in the interval [0.0, 1.0).
+.Pp
+.Fn lrand48
+and
+.Fn nrand48
+return values of type long in the range
+[0, 2**31-1].
+The high-order (31) bits of
+r(n+1) are loaded into the lower bits of the returned value, with
+the topmost (sign) bit set to zero.
+.Pp
+.Fn mrand48
+and
+.Fn jrand48
+return values of type long in the range
+[-2**31, 2**31-1].
+The high-order (32) bits of r(n+1) are loaded into the returned value.
+.Pp
+.Fn drand48 ,
+.Fn lrand48 ,
+and
+.Fn mrand48
+use an internal buffer to store r(n).
+For these functions
+the initial value of r(0) = 0x1234abcd330e = 20017429951246.
+.Pp
+On the other hand,
+.Fn erand48 ,
+.Fn nrand48 ,
+and
+.Fn jrand48
+use a user-supplied buffer to store the seed r(n),
+which consists of an array of 3 shorts, where the zeroth member
+holds the least significant bits.
+.Pp
+All functions share the same multiplicand and addend.
+.Pp
+.Fn srand48
+is used to initialize the internal buffer r(n) of
+.Fn drand48 ,
+.Fn lrand48 ,
+and
+.Fn mrand48
+such that the 32 bits of the seed value are copied into the upper 32 bits
+of r(n), with the lower 16 bits of r(n) arbitrarily being set to 0x330e.
+Additionally, the constant multiplicand and addend of the algorithm are
+reset to the default values given above.
+.Pp
+.Fn seed48
+also initializes the internal buffer r(n) of
+.Fn drand48 ,
+.Fn lrand48 ,
+and
+.Fn mrand48 ,
+but here all 48 bits of the seed can be specified in an array of 3 shorts,
+where the zeroth member specifies the lowest bits.
+Again, the constant multiplicand and addend of the algorithm are
+reset to the default values given above.
+.Fn seed48
+returns a pointer to an array of 3 shorts which contains the old seed.
+This array is statically allocated, so its contents are lost after
+each new call to
+.Fn seed48 .
+.Pp
+Finally,
+.Fn lcong48
+allows full control over the multiplicand and addend used in
+.Fn drand48 ,
+.Fn erand48 ,
+.Fn lrand48 ,
+.Fn nrand48 ,
+.Fn mrand48 ,
+and
+.Fn jrand48 ,
+and the seed used in
+.Fn drand48 ,
+.Fn lrand48 ,
+and
+.Fn mrand48 .
+An array of 7 shorts is passed as parameter; the first three shorts are
+used to initialize the seed; the second three are used to initialize the
+multiplicand; and the last short is used to initialize the addend.
+It is thus not possible to use values greater than 0xffff as the addend.
+.Pp
+Note that all three methods of seeding the random number generator
+always also set the multiplicand and addend for any of the six
+generator calls.
+.Pp
+For a more powerful random number generator, see
+.Xr random 3
+.Sh AUTHORS
+Martin Birgmeier
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr arc4random 3 ,
+.Xr rand 3 ,
+.Xr random 3
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand48.h b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand48.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afa49f65f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/rand48.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ *
+ *      $OpenBSD: rand48.h,v 1.3 2002/02/16 21:27:24 millert Exp $
+ */
+
+#ifndef _RAND48_H_
+#define _RAND48_H_
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void            __dorand48(unsigned short[3]);
+
+#define RAND48_SEED_0   (0x330e)
+#define RAND48_SEED_1   (0xabcd)
+#define RAND48_SEED_2   (0x1234)
+#define RAND48_MULT_0   (0xe66d)
+#define RAND48_MULT_1   (0xdeec)
+#define RAND48_MULT_2   (0x0005)
+#define RAND48_ADD      (0x000b)
+
+#endif /* _RAND48_H_ */
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d4545651b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.3
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: random.3,v 1.14 2001/09/06 15:04:34 mpech Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd April 19, 1991
+.Dt RANDOM 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm random ,
+.Nm srandom ,
+.Nm srandomdev ,
+.Nm initstate ,
+.Nm setstate
+.Nd better random number generator; routines for changing generators
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft long
+.Fn random void
+.Ft void
+.Fn srandom "unsigned int seed"
+.Ft void
+.Fn srandomdev void
+.Ft char *
+.Fn initstate "unsigned int seed" "char *state" "size_t n"
+.Ft char *
+.Fn setstate "const char *state"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn random
+function uses a non-linear additive feedback random number generator employing
+a default table of size 31 long integers to return successive pseudo-random
+numbers in the range from 0 to (2**31)\-1.
+The period of this random number generator is very large, approximately
+16*((2**31)\-1.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn random
+and
+.Fn srandom
+functions have (almost) the same calling sequence and initialization
+properties as
+.Xr rand 3 Ns / Xr srand 3 .
+The difference is that
+.Xr rand
+produces a much less random sequence \(em in fact, the low dozen bits
+generated by rand go through a cyclic pattern.
+All the bits generated by
+.Fn random
+are usable.
+For example,
+.Sq Li random()&01
+will produce a random binary
+value.
+.Pp
+Like
+.Xr rand 3 ,
+.Fn random
+will by default produce a sequence of numbers that can be duplicated
+by calling
+.Fn srandom
+with
+.Ql 1
+as the seed.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn srandomdev
+routine initialize a state array using the
+.Xr arandom 4
+random number device which returns good random numbers,
+suitable for cryptographic use.
+Note that this particular seeding procedure can generate
+states which are impossible to reproduce by calling
+.Fn srandom
+with any value, since the succeeding terms in the
+state buffer are no longer derived from the LC algorithm applied to
+a fixed seed.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn initstate
+routine allows a state array, passed in as an argument, to be initialized
+for future use.
+The size of the state array (in bytes) is used by
+.Fn initstate
+to decide how sophisticated a random number generator it should use \(em the
+more state, the better the random numbers will be.
+(Current "optimal" values for the amount of state information are
+8, 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes; other amounts will be rounded down to
+the nearest known amount.
+Using less than 8 bytes will cause an error.)
+The seed for the initialization (which specifies a starting point for
+the random number sequence, and provides for restarting at the same
+point) is also an argument.
+The
+.Fn initstate
+function returns a pointer to the previous state information array.
+.Pp
+Once a state has been initialized, the
+.Fn setstate
+routine provides for rapid switching between states.
+The
+.Fn setstate
+function returns a pointer to the previous state array; its
+argument state array is used for further random number generation
+until the next call to
+.Fn initstate
+or
+.Fn setstate .
+.Pp
+Once a state array has been initialized, it may be restarted at a
+different point either by calling
+.Fn initstate
+(with the desired seed, the state array, and its size) or by calling
+both
+.Fn setstate
+(with the state array) and
+.Fn srandom
+(with the desired seed).
+The advantage of calling both
+.Fn setstate
+and
+.Fn srandom
+is that the size of the state array does not have to be remembered after
+it is initialized.
+.Pp
+With 256 bytes of state information, the period of the random number
+generator is greater than 2**69
+which should be sufficient for most purposes.
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An Earl T. Cohen
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+If
+.Fn initstate
+is called with less than 8 bytes of state information, or if
+.Fn setstate
+detects that the state information has been garbled, error
+messages are printed on the standard error output.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr arc4random 3 ,
+.Xr drand48 3 ,
+.Xr rand 3 ,
+.Xr random 4
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn random ,
+.Fn srandom ,
+.Fn initstate ,
+and
+.Fn setstate
+functions conform to
+.St -xpg4.2 .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn srandomdev
+function is an extension.
+.Sh HISTORY
+These
+functions appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .
+.Sh BUGS
+About 2/3 the speed of
+.Xr rand 3 .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ce7c90ee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/random.c
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: random.c,v 1.9 2000/04/04 14:27:00 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/*
+ * random.c:
+ *
+ * An improved random number generation package.  In addition to the standard
+ * rand()/srand() like interface, this package also has a special state info
+ * interface.  The initstate() routine is called with a seed, an array of
+ * bytes, and a count of how many bytes are being passed in; this array is
+ * then initialized to contain information for random number generation with
+ * that much state information.  Good sizes for the amount of state
+ * information are 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes.  The state can be switched by
+ * calling the setstate() routine with the same array as was initiallized
+ * with initstate().  By default, the package runs with 128 bytes of state
+ * information and generates far better random numbers than a linear
+ * congruential generator.  If the amount of state information is less than
+ * 32 bytes, a simple linear congruential R.N.G. is used.
+ *
+ * Internally, the state information is treated as an array of longs; the
+ * zeroeth element of the array is the type of R.N.G. being used (small
+ * integer); the remainder of the array is the state information for the
+ * R.N.G.  Thus, 32 bytes of state information will give 7 longs worth of
+ * state information, which will allow a degree seven polynomial.  (Note:
+ * the zeroeth word of state information also has some other information
+ * stored in it -- see setstate() for details).
+ * 
+ * The random number generation technique is a linear feedback shift register
+ * approach, employing trinomials (since there are fewer terms to sum up that
+ * way).  In this approach, the least significant bit of all the numbers in
+ * the state table will act as a linear feedback shift register, and will
+ * have period 2^deg - 1 (where deg is the degree of the polynomial being
+ * used, assuming that the polynomial is irreducible and primitive).  The
+ * higher order bits will have longer periods, since their values are also
+ * influenced by pseudo-random carries out of the lower bits.  The total
+ * period of the generator is approximately deg*(2**deg - 1); thus doubling
+ * the amount of state information has a vast influence on the period of the
+ * generator.  Note: the deg*(2**deg - 1) is an approximation only good for
+ * large deg, when the period of the shift register is the dominant factor.
+ * With deg equal to seven, the period is actually much longer than the
+ * 7*(2**7 - 1) predicted by this formula.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * For each of the currently supported random number generators, we have a
+ * break value on the amount of state information (you need at least this
+ * many bytes of state info to support this random number generator), a degree
+ * for the polynomial (actually a trinomial) that the R.N.G. is based on, and
+ * the separation between the two lower order coefficients of the trinomial.
+ */
+#define TYPE_0          0               /* linear congruential */
+#define BREAK_0         8
+#define DEG_0           0
+#define SEP_0           0
+
+#define TYPE_1          1               /* x**7 + x**3 + 1 */
+#define BREAK_1         32
+#define DEG_1           7
+#define SEP_1           3
+
+#define TYPE_2          2               /* x**15 + x + 1 */
+#define BREAK_2         64
+#define DEG_2           15
+#define SEP_2           1
+
+#define TYPE_3          3               /* x**31 + x**3 + 1 */
+#define BREAK_3         128
+#define DEG_3           31
+#define SEP_3           3
+
+#define TYPE_4          4               /* x**63 + x + 1 */
+#define BREAK_4         256
+#define DEG_4           63
+#define SEP_4           1
+
+/*
+ * Array versions of the above information to make code run faster --
+ * relies on fact that TYPE_i == i.
+ */
+#define MAX_TYPES       5               /* max number of types above */
+
+static int degrees[MAX_TYPES] = { DEG_0, DEG_1, DEG_2, DEG_3, DEG_4 };
+static int seps [MAX_TYPES] =   { SEP_0, SEP_1, SEP_2, SEP_3, SEP_4 };
+
+/*
+ * Initially, everything is set up as if from:
+ *
+ *      initstate(1, &randtbl, 128);
+ *
+ * Note that this initialization takes advantage of the fact that srandom()
+ * advances the front and rear pointers 10*rand_deg times, and hence the
+ * rear pointer which starts at 0 will also end up at zero; thus the zeroeth
+ * element of the state information, which contains info about the current
+ * position of the rear pointer is just
+ *
+ *      MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + TYPE_3 == TYPE_3.
+ */
+
+static long randtbl[DEG_3 + 1] = {
+        TYPE_3,
+        0x991539b1, 0x16a5bce3, 0x6774a4cd, 0x3e01511e, 0x4e508aaa, 0x61048c05, 
+        0xf5500617, 0x846b7115, 0x6a19892c, 0x896a97af, 0xdb48f936, 0x14898454, 
+        0x37ffd106, 0xb58bff9c, 0x59e17104, 0xcf918a49, 0x09378c83, 0x52c7a471, 
+        0x8d293ea9, 0x1f4fc301, 0xc3db71be, 0x39b44e1c, 0xf8a44ef9, 0x4c8b80b1, 
+        0x19edc328, 0x87bf4bdd, 0xc9b240e5, 0xe9ee4b1b, 0x4382aee7, 0x535b6b41, 
+        0xf3bec5da,
+};
+
+/*
+ * fptr and rptr are two pointers into the state info, a front and a rear
+ * pointer.  These two pointers are always rand_sep places aparts, as they
+ * cycle cyclically through the state information.  (Yes, this does mean we
+ * could get away with just one pointer, but the code for random() is more
+ * efficient this way).  The pointers are left positioned as they would be
+ * from the call
+ *
+ *      initstate(1, randtbl, 128);
+ *
+ * (The position of the rear pointer, rptr, is really 0 (as explained above
+ * in the initialization of randtbl) because the state table pointer is set
+ * to point to randtbl[1] (as explained below).
+ */
+static long *fptr = &randtbl[SEP_3 + 1];
+static long *rptr = &randtbl[1];
+
+/*
+ * The following things are the pointer to the state information table, the
+ * type of the current generator, the degree of the current polynomial being
+ * used, and the separation between the two pointers.  Note that for efficiency
+ * of random(), we remember the first location of the state information, not
+ * the zeroeth.  Hence it is valid to access state[-1], which is used to
+ * store the type of the R.N.G.  Also, we remember the last location, since
+ * this is more efficient than indexing every time to find the address of
+ * the last element to see if the front and rear pointers have wrapped.
+ */
+static long *state = &randtbl[1];
+static int rand_type = TYPE_3;
+static int rand_deg = DEG_3;
+static int rand_sep = SEP_3;
+static long *end_ptr = &randtbl[DEG_3 + 1];
+
+/*
+ * srandom:
+ *
+ * Initialize the random number generator based on the given seed.  If the
+ * type is the trivial no-state-information type, just remember the seed.
+ * Otherwise, initializes state[] based on the given "seed" via a linear
+ * congruential generator.  Then, the pointers are set to known locations
+ * that are exactly rand_sep places apart.  Lastly, it cycles the state
+ * information a given number of times to get rid of any initial dependencies
+ * introduced by the L.C.R.N.G.  Note that the initialization of randtbl[]
+ * for default usage relies on values produced by this routine.
+ */
+void
+srandom(x)
+        u_int x;
+{
+        register long int test;
+        register int i;
+        ldiv_t val;
+
+        if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
+                state[0] = x;
+        else {
+                state[0] = x;
+                for (i = 1; i < rand_deg; i++) {
+                        /*
+                         * Implement the following, without overflowing 31 bits:
+                         *
+                         *      state[i] = (16807 * state[i - 1]) % 2147483647;
+                         *
+                         *      2^31-1 (prime) = 2147483647 = 127773*16807+2836
+                         */
+                        val = ldiv(state[i-1], 127773);
+                        test = 16807 * val.rem - 2836 * val.quot;
+                        state[i] = test + (test < 0 ? 2147483647 : 0);
+                }
+                fptr = &state[rand_sep];
+                rptr = &state[0];
+                for (i = 0; i < 10 * rand_deg; i++)
+                        (void)random();
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * srandomdev:
+ *
+ * Many programs choose the seed value in a totally predictable manner.
+ * This often causes problems.  We seed the generator using the much more
+ * secure arandom(4) interface.  Note that this particular seeding
+ * procedure can generate states which are impossible to reproduce by
+ * calling srandom() with any value, since the succeeding terms in the
+ * state buffer are no longer derived from the LC algorithm applied to
+ * a fixed seed.
+ */
+void
+srandomdev()
+{
+        int fd;
+        size_t len;
+
+        if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
+                len = sizeof(state[0]);
+        else
+                len = rand_deg * sizeof(state[0]);
+
+        if ((fd = open("/dev/arandom", O_RDONLY, 0)) != -1 &&
+            read(fd, (void *) state, len) == (ssize_t) len) {
+                close(fd);
+        } else {
+                struct timeval tv;
+                u_int junk;
+
+                /* XXX - this could be better */
+                gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+                srandom(getpid() ^ tv.tv_sec ^ tv.tv_usec ^ junk);
+                if (fd != -1)
+                        close(fd);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (rand_type != TYPE_0) {
+                fptr = &state[rand_sep];
+                rptr = &state[0];
+        }
+}
+
+/*
+ * initstate:
+ *
+ * Initialize the state information in the given array of n bytes for future
+ * random number generation.  Based on the number of bytes we are given, and
+ * the break values for the different R.N.G.'s, we choose the best (largest)
+ * one we can and set things up for it.  srandom() is then called to
+ * initialize the state information.
+ * 
+ * Note that on return from srandom(), we set state[-1] to be the type
+ * multiplexed with the current value of the rear pointer; this is so
+ * successive calls to initstate() won't lose this information and will be
+ * able to restart with setstate().
+ * 
+ * Note: the first thing we do is save the current state, if any, just like
+ * setstate() so that it doesn't matter when initstate is called.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the old state.
+ */
+char *
+initstate(seed, arg_state, n)
+        u_int seed;                     /* seed for R.N.G. */
+        char *arg_state;                /* pointer to state array */
+        size_t n;                       /* # bytes of state info */
+{
+        register char *ostate = (char *)(&state[-1]);
+
+        if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
+                state[-1] = rand_type;
+        else
+                state[-1] = MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + rand_type;
+        if (n < BREAK_0)
+                return(NULL);
+        if (n < BREAK_1) {
+                rand_type = TYPE_0;
+                rand_deg = DEG_0;
+                rand_sep = SEP_0;
+        } else if (n < BREAK_2) {
+                rand_type = TYPE_1;
+                rand_deg = DEG_1;
+                rand_sep = SEP_1;
+        } else if (n < BREAK_3) {
+                rand_type = TYPE_2;
+                rand_deg = DEG_2;
+                rand_sep = SEP_2;
+        } else if (n < BREAK_4) {
+                rand_type = TYPE_3;
+                rand_deg = DEG_3;
+                rand_sep = SEP_3;
+        } else {
+                rand_type = TYPE_4;
+                rand_deg = DEG_4;
+                rand_sep = SEP_4;
+        }
+        state = &(((long *)arg_state)[1]);      /* first location */
+        end_ptr = &state[rand_deg];     /* must set end_ptr before srandom */
+        srandom(seed);
+        if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
+                state[-1] = rand_type;
+        else
+                state[-1] = MAX_TYPES*(rptr - state) + rand_type;
+        return(ostate);
+}
+
+/*
+ * setstate:
+ *
+ * Restore the state from the given state array.
+ *
+ * Note: it is important that we also remember the locations of the pointers
+ * in the current state information, and restore the locations of the pointers
+ * from the old state information.  This is done by multiplexing the pointer
+ * location into the zeroeth word of the state information.
+ *
+ * Note that due to the order in which things are done, it is OK to call
+ * setstate() with the same state as the current state.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the old state information.
+ */
+char *
+setstate(arg_state)
+        const char *arg_state;
+{
+        register long *new_state = (long *)arg_state;
+        register int type = new_state[0] % MAX_TYPES;
+        register int rear = new_state[0] / MAX_TYPES;
+        char *ostate = (char *)(&state[-1]);
+
+        if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
+                state[-1] = rand_type;
+        else
+                state[-1] = MAX_TYPES * (rptr - state) + rand_type;
+        switch(type) {
+        case TYPE_0:
+        case TYPE_1:
+        case TYPE_2:
+        case TYPE_3:
+        case TYPE_4:
+                rand_type = type;
+                rand_deg = degrees[type];
+                rand_sep = seps[type];
+                break;
+        default:
+                return(NULL);
+        }
+        state = &new_state[1];
+        if (rand_type != TYPE_0) {
+                rptr = &state[rear];
+                fptr = &state[(rear + rand_sep) % rand_deg];
+        }
+        end_ptr = &state[rand_deg];             /* set end_ptr too */
+        return(ostate);
+}
+
+/*
+ * random:
+ *
+ * If we are using the trivial TYPE_0 R.N.G., just do the old linear
+ * congruential bit.  Otherwise, we do our fancy trinomial stuff, which is
+ * the same in all the other cases due to all the global variables that have
+ * been set up.  The basic operation is to add the number at the rear pointer
+ * into the one at the front pointer.  Then both pointers are advanced to
+ * the next location cyclically in the table.  The value returned is the sum
+ * generated, reduced to 31 bits by throwing away the "least random" low bit.
+ *
+ * Note: the code takes advantage of the fact that both the front and
+ * rear pointers can't wrap on the same call by not testing the rear
+ * pointer if the front one has wrapped.
+ *
+ * Returns a 31-bit random number.
+ */
+long
+random()
+{
+        long i;
+
+        if (rand_type == TYPE_0)
+                i = state[0] = (state[0] * 1103515245 + 12345) & 0x7fffffff;
+        else {
+                *fptr += *rptr;
+                i = (*fptr >> 1) & 0x7fffffff;  /* chucking least random bit */
+                if (++fptr >= end_ptr) {
+                        fptr = state;
+                        ++rptr;
+                } else if (++rptr >= end_ptr)
+                        rptr = state;
+        }
+        return(i);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/realpath.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/realpath.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56fbea9ede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/realpath.3
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1994
+.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Jan-Simon Pendry.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: realpath.3,v 1.8 2001/04/23 15:30:25 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd February 16, 1994
+.Dt REALPATH 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm realpath
+.Nd returns the canonicalized absolute pathname
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <sys/param.h>
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft "char *"
+.Fn realpath "const char *pathname" "char resolvedname[MAXPATHLEN]"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn realpath
+function resolves all symbolic links, extra
+.Dq /
+characters and references to
+.Pa /./
+and
+.Pa /../
+in
+.Fa pathname ,
+and copies the resulting absolute pathname into the memory referenced by
+.Fa resolvedname .
+The
+.Fa resolvedname
+argument
+.Em must
+refer to a buffer capable of storing at least
+.Dv MAXPATHLEN
+characters.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn realpath
+function will resolve both absolute and relative paths
+and return the absolute pathname corresponding to
+.Fa pathname .
+All but the last component of
+.Fa pathname
+must exist when
+.Fn realpath
+is called.
+.Sh "RETURN VALUES"
+The
+.Fn realpath
+function returns
+.Fa resolvedname
+on success.
+If an error occurs,
+.Fn realpath
+returns
+.Dv NULL ,
+and
+.Fa resolvedname
+contains the pathname which caused the problem.
+.Sh ERRORS
+The function
+.Fn realpath
+may fail and set the external variable
+.Va errno
+for any of the errors specified for the library functions
+.Xr chdir 2 ,
+.Xr close 2 ,
+.Xr fchdir 2 ,
+.Xr lstat 2 ,
+.Xr open 2 ,
+.Xr readlink 2 ,
+and
+.Xr getcwd 3 .
+.Sh CAVEATS
+This implementation of
+.Fn realpath
+differs slightly from the Solaris implementation.
+The
+.Bx 4.4
+version always returns absolute pathnames,
+whereas the Solaris implementation will,
+under certain circumstances, return a relative
+.Fa resolvedname
+when given a relative
+.Fa pathname .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr getcwd 3
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Fn realpath
+function call first appeared in
+.Bx 4.4 .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/realpath.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/realpath.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d01b19e0f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/realpath.c
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1994
+ *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+ * Jan-Simon Pendry.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: realpath.c,v 1.7 2002/05/24 21:22:37 deraadt Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/*
+ * char *realpath(const char *path, char resolved_path[MAXPATHLEN]);
+ *
+ * Find the real name of path, by removing all ".", ".." and symlink
+ * components.  Returns (resolved) on success, or (NULL) on failure,
+ * in which case the path which caused trouble is left in (resolved).
+ */
+char *
+realpath(path, resolved)
+        const char *path;
+        char *resolved;
+{
+        struct stat sb;
+        int fd, n, rootd, serrno;
+        char *p, *q, wbuf[MAXPATHLEN];
+        int symlinks = 0;
+
+        /* Save the starting point. */
+        if ((fd = open(".", O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
+                (void)strlcpy(resolved, ".", MAXPATHLEN);
+                return (NULL);
+        }
+
+        /* Convert "." -> "" to optimize away a needless lstat() and chdir() */
+        if (path[0] == '.' && path[1] == '\0')
+                path = "";
+
+        /*
+         * Find the dirname and basename from the path to be resolved.
+         * Change directory to the dirname component.
+         * lstat the basename part.
+         *     if it is a symlink, read in the value and loop.
+         *     if it is a directory, then change to that directory.
+         * get the current directory name and append the basename.
+         */
+        strlcpy(resolved, path, MAXPATHLEN);
+loop:
+        q = strrchr(resolved, '/');
+        if (q != NULL) {
+                p = q + 1;
+                if (q == resolved)
+                        q = "/";
+                else {
+                        do {
+                                --q;
+                        } while (q > resolved && *q == '/');
+                        q[1] = '\0';
+                        q = resolved;
+                }
+                if (chdir(q) < 0)
+                        goto err1;
+        } else
+                p = resolved;
+
+        /* Deal with the last component. */
+        if (*p != '\0' && lstat(p, &sb) == 0) {
+                if (S_ISLNK(sb.st_mode)) {
+                        if (++symlinks > MAXSYMLINKS) {
+                                errno = ELOOP;
+                                goto err1;
+                        }
+                        n = readlink(p, resolved, MAXPATHLEN-1);
+                        if (n < 0)
+                                goto err1;
+                        resolved[n] = '\0';
+                        goto loop;
+                }
+                if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
+                        if (chdir(p) < 0)
+                                goto err1;
+                        p = "";
+                }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Save the last component name and get the full pathname of
+         * the current directory.
+         */
+        (void)strlcpy(wbuf, p, sizeof wbuf);
+        if (getcwd(resolved, MAXPATHLEN) == 0)
+                goto err1;
+
+        /*
+         * Join the two strings together, ensuring that the right thing
+         * happens if the last component is empty, or the dirname is root.
+         */
+        if (resolved[0] == '/' && resolved[1] == '\0')
+                rootd = 1;
+        else
+                rootd = 0;
+
+        if (*wbuf) {
+                if (strlen(resolved) + strlen(wbuf) + rootd + 1 > MAXPATHLEN) {
+                        errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+                        goto err1;
+                }
+                if (rootd == 0)
+                        (void)strcat(resolved, "/");
+                (void)strcat(resolved, wbuf);
+        }
+
+        /* Go back to where we came from. */
+        if (fchdir(fd) < 0) {
+                serrno = errno;
+                goto err2;
+        }
+
+        /* It's okay if the close fails, what's an fd more or less? */
+        (void)close(fd);
+        return (resolved);
+
+err1:   serrno = errno;
+        (void)fchdir(fd);
+err2:   (void)close(fd);
+        errno = serrno;
+        return (NULL);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/seed48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/seed48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4dcd0ead8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/seed48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: seed48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:48 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+extern unsigned short __rand48_seed[3];
+extern unsigned short __rand48_mult[3];
+extern unsigned short __rand48_add;
+
+unsigned short *
+seed48(unsigned short xseed[3])
+{
+        static unsigned short sseed[3];
+
+        sseed[0] = __rand48_seed[0];
+        sseed[1] = __rand48_seed[1];
+        sseed[2] = __rand48_seed[2];
+        __rand48_seed[0] = xseed[0];
+        __rand48_seed[1] = xseed[1];
+        __rand48_seed[2] = xseed[2];
+        __rand48_mult[0] = RAND48_MULT_0;
+        __rand48_mult[1] = RAND48_MULT_1;
+        __rand48_mult[2] = RAND48_MULT_2;
+        __rand48_add = RAND48_ADD;
+        return sseed;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/setenv.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/setenv.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc7c67a5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/setenv.c
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1987 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: setenv.c,v 1.4 2001/07/09 06:57:45 deraadt Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/*
+ * setenv --
+ *      Set the value of the environmental variable "name" to be
+ *      "value".  If rewrite is set, replace any current value.
+ */
+int
+setenv(name, value, rewrite)
+        register const char *name;
+        register const char *value;
+        int rewrite;
+{
+        extern char **environ;
+        static int alloced;                     /* if allocated space before */
+        register char *C;
+        int l_value, offset;
+        char *__findenv();
+
+        if (*value == '=')                      /* no `=' in value */
+                ++value;
+        l_value = strlen(value);
+        if ((C = __findenv(name, &offset))) {   /* find if already exists */
+                if (!rewrite)
+                        return (0);
+                if (strlen(C) >= l_value) {     /* old larger; copy over */
+                        while ((*C++ = *value++))
+                                ;
+                        return (0);
+                }
+        } else {                                        /* create new slot */
+                register int    cnt;
+                register char   **P;
+
+                for (P = environ, cnt = 0; *P; ++P, ++cnt);
+                if (alloced) {                  /* just increase size */
+                        P = (char **)realloc((void *)environ,
+                            (size_t)(sizeof(char *) * (cnt + 2)));
+                        if (!P)
+                                return (-1);
+                        environ = P;
+                }
+                else {                          /* get new space */
+                        alloced = 1;            /* copy old entries into it */
+                        P = (char **)malloc((size_t)(sizeof(char *) *
+                            (cnt + 2)));
+                        if (!P)
+                                return (-1);
+                        bcopy(environ, P, cnt * sizeof(char *));
+                        environ = P;
+                }
+                environ[cnt + 1] = NULL;
+                offset = cnt;
+        }
+        for (C = (char *)name; *C && *C != '='; ++C);   /* no `=' in name */
+        if (!(environ[offset] =                 /* name + `=' + value */
+            malloc((size_t)((int)(C - name) + l_value + 2))))
+                return (-1);
+        for (C = environ[offset]; (*C = *name++) && *C != '='; ++C)
+                ;
+        for (*C++ = '='; (*C++ = *value++); )
+                ;
+        return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * unsetenv(name) --
+ *      Delete environmental variable "name".
+ */
+void
+unsetenv(name)
+        const char      *name;
+{
+        extern char **environ;
+        register char **P;
+        int offset;
+        char *__findenv();
+
+        while (__findenv(name, &offset))                /* if set multiple times */
+                for (P = &environ[offset];; ++P)
+                        if (!(*P = *(P + 1)))
+                                break;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/srand48.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/srand48.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcff8a172e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/srand48.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1993 Martin Birgmeier
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
+ * code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
+ * following conditions are retained.
+ *
+ * This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
+ * of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
+ * to anyone/anything when using this software.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: srand48.c,v 1.2 1996/08/19 08:33:49 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include "rand48.h"
+
+extern unsigned short __rand48_seed[3];
+extern unsigned short __rand48_mult[3];
+extern unsigned short __rand48_add;
+
+void
+srand48(long seed)
+{
+        __rand48_seed[0] = RAND48_SEED_0;
+        __rand48_seed[1] = (unsigned short) seed;
+        __rand48_seed[2] = (unsigned short) (seed >> 16);
+        __rand48_mult[0] = RAND48_MULT_0;
+        __rand48_mult[1] = RAND48_MULT_1;
+        __rand48_mult[2] = RAND48_MULT_2;
+        __rand48_add = RAND48_ADD;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e04f6738e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.3
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: strtod.3,v 1.7 2000/04/20 13:50:03 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt STRTOD 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm strtod
+.Nd convert
+.Tn ASCII
+string to double
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft double
+.Fn strtod "const char *nptr" "char **endptr"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn strtod
+function converts the initial portion of the string pointed to by
+.Fa nptr
+to
+.Li double
+representation.
+.Pp
+The expected form of the string is an optional plus
+.Pq Ql +
+or minus sign
+.Pq Ql -
+followed by a sequence of digits optionally containing
+a decimal-point character, optionally followed by an exponent.
+An exponent consists of an
+.Sq E
+or
+.Sq e ,
+followed by an optional plus or minus sign, followed by a sequence of digits.
+.Pp
+Leading whitespace characters in the string (as defined by the
+.Xr isspace 3
+function) are skipped.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn strtod
+function returns the converted value, if any.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fa endptr
+is not
+.Dv NULL ,
+a pointer to the character after the last character used
+in the conversion is stored in the location referenced by
+.Fa endptr .
+.Pp
+If no conversion is performed, zero is returned and the value of
+.Fa nptr
+is stored in the location referenced by
+.Fa endptr .
+.Pp
+If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus
+.Dv HUGE_VAL
+is returned (according to the sign of the value), and
+.Er ERANGE
+is stored in
+.Va errno .
+If the correct value would cause underflow, zero is returned and
+.Er ERANGE
+is stored in
+.Va errno .
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er ERANGE
+Overflow or underflow occurred.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr atof 3 ,
+.Xr atoi 3 ,
+.Xr atol 3 ,
+.Xr strtol 3 ,
+.Xr strtoul 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn strtod
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce7ce9fe56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtod.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2528 @@
+/****************************************************************
+ *
+ * The author of this software is David M. Gay.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 1991 by AT&T.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice
+ * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy
+ * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting
+ * documentation for such software.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR AT&T MAKES ANY
+ * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ *
+ ***************************************************************/
+
+/* Please send bug reports to
+        David M. Gay
+        AT&T Bell Laboratories, Room 2C-463
+        600 Mountain Avenue
+        Murray Hill, NJ 07974-2070
+        U.S.A.
+        dmg@research.att.com or research!dmg
+ */
+
+/* strtod for IEEE-, VAX-, and IBM-arithmetic machines.
+ *
+ * This strtod returns a nearest machine number to the input decimal
+ * string (or sets errno to ERANGE).  With IEEE arithmetic, ties are
+ * broken by the IEEE round-even rule.  Otherwise ties are broken by
+ * biased rounding (add half and chop).
+ *
+ * Inspired loosely by William D. Clinger's paper "How to Read Floating
+ * Point Numbers Accurately" [Proc. ACM SIGPLAN '90, pp. 92-101].
+ *
+ * Modifications:
+ *
+ *      1. We only require IEEE, IBM, or VAX double-precision
+ *              arithmetic (not IEEE double-extended).
+ *      2. We get by with floating-point arithmetic in a case that
+ *              Clinger missed -- when we're computing d * 10^n
+ *              for a small integer d and the integer n is not too
+ *              much larger than 22 (the maximum integer k for which
+ *              we can represent 10^k exactly), we may be able to
+ *              compute (d*10^k) * 10^(e-k) with just one roundoff.
+ *      3. Rather than a bit-at-a-time adjustment of the binary
+ *              result in the hard case, we use floating-point
+ *              arithmetic to determine the adjustment to within
+ *              one bit; only in really hard cases do we need to
+ *              compute a second residual.
+ *      4. Because of 3., we don't need a large table of powers of 10
+ *              for ten-to-e (just some small tables, e.g. of 10^k
+ *              for 0 <= k <= 22).
+ */
+
+/*
+ * #define IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN for IEEE-arithmetic machines where the least
+ *      significant byte has the lowest address.
+ * #define IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN for IEEE-arithmetic machines where the most
+ *      significant byte has the lowest address.
+ * #define Long int on machines with 32-bit ints and 64-bit longs.
+ * #define Sudden_Underflow for IEEE-format machines without gradual
+ *      underflow (i.e., that flush to zero on underflow).
+ * #define IBM for IBM mainframe-style floating-point arithmetic.
+ * #define VAX for VAX-style floating-point arithmetic.
+ * #define Unsigned_Shifts if >> does treats its left operand as unsigned.
+ * #define No_leftright to omit left-right logic in fast floating-point
+ *      computation of dtoa.
+ * #define Check_FLT_ROUNDS if FLT_ROUNDS can assume the values 2 or 3.
+ * #define RND_PRODQUOT to use rnd_prod and rnd_quot (assembly routines
+ *      that use extended-precision instructions to compute rounded
+ *      products and quotients) with IBM.
+ * #define ROUND_BIASED for IEEE-format with biased rounding.
+ * #define Inaccurate_Divide for IEEE-format with correctly rounded
+ *      products but inaccurate quotients, e.g., for Intel i860.
+ * #define Just_16 to store 16 bits per 32-bit Long when doing high-precision
+ *      integer arithmetic.  Whether this speeds things up or slows things
+ *      down depends on the machine and the number being converted.
+ * #define KR_headers for old-style C function headers.
+ * #define Bad_float_h if your system lacks a float.h or if it does not
+ *      define some or all of DBL_DIG, DBL_MAX_10_EXP, DBL_MAX_EXP,
+ *      FLT_RADIX, FLT_ROUNDS, and DBL_MAX.
+ * #define MALLOC your_malloc, where your_malloc(n) acts like malloc(n)
+ *      if memory is available and otherwise does something you deem
+ *      appropriate.  If MALLOC is undefined, malloc will be invoked
+ *      directly -- and assumed always to succeed.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: strtod.c,v 1.15 2002/02/19 19:39:37 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#if defined(__m68k__) || defined(__sparc__) || defined(__i386__) || \
+    defined(__mips__) || defined(__ns32k__) || defined(__alpha__) || \
+    defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__m88k__) || defined(__hppa__)
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
+#define IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN
+#else
+#define IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __arm32__
+/*
+ * Although the CPU is little endian the FP has different
+ * byte and word endianness. The byte order is still little endian
+ * but the word order is big endian.
+ */
+#define IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __vax__
+#define VAX
+#endif
+
+#define Long    int32_t
+#define ULong   u_int32_t
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#include "stdio.h"
+#define Bug(x) {fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", x); exit(1);}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include "malloc.h"
+#include "memory.h"
+#else
+#ifndef KR_headers
+#include "stdlib.h"
+#include "string.h"
+#include "locale.h"
+#else
+#include "malloc.h"
+#include "memory.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MALLOC
+#ifdef KR_headers
+extern char *MALLOC();
+#else
+extern void *MALLOC(size_t);
+#endif
+#else
+#define MALLOC malloc
+#endif
+
+#include "ctype.h"
+#include "errno.h"
+
+#ifdef Bad_float_h
+#ifdef IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN
+#define IEEE_ARITHMETIC
+#endif
+#ifdef IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define IEEE_ARITHMETIC
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IEEE_ARITHMETIC
+#define DBL_DIG 15
+#define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 308
+#define DBL_MAX_EXP 1024
+#define FLT_RADIX 2
+#define FLT_ROUNDS 1
+#define DBL_MAX 1.7976931348623157e+308
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IBM
+#define DBL_DIG 16
+#define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 75
+#define DBL_MAX_EXP 63
+#define FLT_RADIX 16
+#define FLT_ROUNDS 0
+#define DBL_MAX 7.2370055773322621e+75
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VAX
+#define DBL_DIG 16
+#define DBL_MAX_10_EXP 38
+#define DBL_MAX_EXP 127
+#define FLT_RADIX 2
+#define FLT_ROUNDS 1
+#define DBL_MAX 1.7014118346046923e+38
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LONG_MAX
+#define LONG_MAX 2147483647
+#endif
+#else
+#include "float.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef __MATH_H__
+#include "math.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CONST
+#ifdef KR_headers
+#define CONST /* blank */
+#else
+#define CONST const
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Unsigned_Shifts
+#define Sign_Extend(a,b) if (b < 0) a |= 0xffff0000;
+#else
+#define Sign_Extend(a,b) /*no-op*/
+#endif
+
+#if defined(IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) + defined(IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN) + defined(VAX) + \
+    defined(IBM) != 1
+Exactly one of IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN, VAX, or
+IBM should be defined.
+#endif
+
+typedef union {
+        double d;
+        ULong ul[2];
+} _double;
+#define value(x) ((x).d)
+#ifdef IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define word0(x) ((x).ul[1])
+#define word1(x) ((x).ul[0])
+#else
+#define word0(x) ((x).ul[0])
+#define word1(x) ((x).ul[1])
+#endif
+
+/* The following definition of Storeinc is appropriate for MIPS processors.
+ * An alternative that might be better on some machines is
+ * #define Storeinc(a,b,c) (*a++ = b << 16 | c & 0xffff)
+ */
+#if defined(IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) + defined(VAX) + defined(__arm32__)
+#define Storeinc(a,b,c) (((unsigned short *)a)[1] = (unsigned short)b, \
+((unsigned short *)a)[0] = (unsigned short)c, a++)
+#else
+#define Storeinc(a,b,c) (((unsigned short *)a)[0] = (unsigned short)b, \
+((unsigned short *)a)[1] = (unsigned short)c, a++)
+#endif
+
+/* #define P DBL_MANT_DIG */
+/* Ten_pmax = floor(P*log(2)/log(5)) */
+/* Bletch = (highest power of 2 < DBL_MAX_10_EXP) / 16 */
+/* Quick_max = floor((P-1)*log(FLT_RADIX)/log(10) - 1) */
+/* Int_max = floor(P*log(FLT_RADIX)/log(10) - 1) */
+
+#if defined(IEEE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) + defined(IEEE_BIG_ENDIAN)
+#define Exp_shift  20
+#define Exp_shift1 20
+#define Exp_msk1    0x100000
+#define Exp_msk11   0x100000
+#define Exp_mask  0x7ff00000
+#define P 53
+#define Bias 1023
+#define IEEE_Arith
+#define Emin (-1022)
+#define Exp_1  0x3ff00000
+#define Exp_11 0x3ff00000
+#define Ebits 11
+#define Frac_mask  0xfffff
+#define Frac_mask1 0xfffff
+#define Ten_pmax 22
+#define Bletch 0x10
+#define Bndry_mask  0xfffff
+#define Bndry_mask1 0xfffff
+#define LSB 1
+#define Sign_bit 0x80000000
+#define Log2P 1
+#define Tiny0 0
+#define Tiny1 1
+#define Quick_max 14
+#define Int_max 14
+#define Infinite(x) (word0(x) == 0x7ff00000) /* sufficient test for here */
+#else
+#undef  Sudden_Underflow
+#define Sudden_Underflow
+#ifdef IBM
+#define Exp_shift  24
+#define Exp_shift1 24
+#define Exp_msk1   0x1000000
+#define Exp_msk11  0x1000000
+#define Exp_mask  0x7f000000
+#define P 14
+#define Bias 65
+#define Exp_1  0x41000000
+#define Exp_11 0x41000000
+#define Ebits 8 /* exponent has 7 bits, but 8 is the right value in b2d */
+#define Frac_mask  0xffffff
+#define Frac_mask1 0xffffff
+#define Bletch 4
+#define Ten_pmax 22
+#define Bndry_mask  0xefffff
+#define Bndry_mask1 0xffffff
+#define LSB 1
+#define Sign_bit 0x80000000
+#define Log2P 4
+#define Tiny0 0x100000
+#define Tiny1 0
+#define Quick_max 14
+#define Int_max 15
+#else /* VAX */
+#define Exp_shift  23
+#define Exp_shift1 7
+#define Exp_msk1    0x80
+#define Exp_msk11   0x800000
+#define Exp_mask  0x7f80
+#define P 56
+#define Bias 129
+#define Exp_1  0x40800000
+#define Exp_11 0x4080
+#define Ebits 8
+#define Frac_mask  0x7fffff
+#define Frac_mask1 0xffff007f
+#define Ten_pmax 24
+#define Bletch 2
+#define Bndry_mask  0xffff007f
+#define Bndry_mask1 0xffff007f
+#define LSB 0x10000
+#define Sign_bit 0x8000
+#define Log2P 1
+#define Tiny0 0x80
+#define Tiny1 0
+#define Quick_max 15
+#define Int_max 15
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IEEE_Arith
+#define ROUND_BIASED
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RND_PRODQUOT
+#define rounded_product(a,b) a = rnd_prod(a, b)
+#define rounded_quotient(a,b) a = rnd_quot(a, b)
+#ifdef KR_headers
+extern double rnd_prod(), rnd_quot();
+#else
+extern double rnd_prod(double, double), rnd_quot(double, double);
+#endif
+#else
+#define rounded_product(a,b) a *= b
+#define rounded_quotient(a,b) a /= b
+#endif
+
+#define Big0 (Frac_mask1 | Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1))
+#define Big1 0xffffffff
+
+#ifndef Just_16
+/* When Pack_32 is not defined, we store 16 bits per 32-bit Long.
+ * This makes some inner loops simpler and sometimes saves work
+ * during multiplications, but it often seems to make things slightly
+ * slower.  Hence the default is now to store 32 bits per Long.
+ */
+#ifndef Pack_32
+#define Pack_32
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define Kmax 15
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" double strtod(const char *s00, char **se);
+extern "C" char *__dtoa(double d, int mode, int ndigits,
+                        int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve);
+#endif
+
+ struct
+Bigint {
+        struct Bigint *next;
+        int k, maxwds, sign, wds;
+        ULong x[1];
+        };
+
+ typedef struct Bigint Bigint;
+
+ static Bigint *freelist[Kmax+1];
+
+ static Bigint *
+Balloc
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (k) int k;
+#else
+        (int k)
+#endif
+{
+        int x;
+        Bigint *rv;
+
+        if ((rv = freelist[k])) {
+                freelist[k] = rv->next;
+                }
+        else {
+                x = 1 << k;
+                rv = (Bigint *)MALLOC(sizeof(Bigint) + (x-1)*sizeof(Long));
+                rv->k = k;
+                rv->maxwds = x;
+                }
+        rv->sign = rv->wds = 0;
+        return rv;
+        }
+
+ static void
+Bfree
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (v) Bigint *v;
+#else
+        (Bigint *v)
+#endif
+{
+        if (v) {
+                v->next = freelist[v->k];
+                freelist[v->k] = v;
+                }
+        }
+
+#define Bcopy(x,y) memcpy((char *)&x->sign, (char *)&y->sign, \
+y->wds*sizeof(Long) + 2*sizeof(int))
+
+ static Bigint *
+multadd
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (b, m, a) Bigint *b; int m, a;
+#else
+        (Bigint *b, int m, int a)       /* multiply by m and add a */
+#endif
+{
+        int i, wds;
+        ULong *x, y;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        ULong xi, z;
+#endif
+        Bigint *b1;
+
+        wds = b->wds;
+        x = b->x;
+        i = 0;
+        do {
+#ifdef Pack_32
+                xi = *x;
+                y = (xi & 0xffff) * m + a;
+                z = (xi >> 16) * m + (y >> 16);
+                a = (int)(z >> 16);
+                *x++ = (z << 16) + (y & 0xffff);
+#else
+                y = *x * m + a;
+                a = (int)(y >> 16);
+                *x++ = y & 0xffff;
+#endif
+                }
+                while(++i < wds);
+        if (a) {
+                if (wds >= b->maxwds) {
+                        b1 = Balloc(b->k+1);
+                        Bcopy(b1, b);
+                        Bfree(b);
+                        b = b1;
+                        }
+                b->x[wds++] = a;
+                b->wds = wds;
+                }
+        return b;
+        }
+
+ static Bigint *
+s2b
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (s, nd0, nd, y9) CONST char *s; int nd0, nd; ULong y9;
+#else
+        (CONST char *s, int nd0, int nd, ULong y9)
+#endif
+{
+        Bigint *b;
+        int i, k;
+        Long x, y;
+
+        x = (nd + 8) / 9;
+        for(k = 0, y = 1; x > y; y <<= 1, k++) ;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        b = Balloc(k);
+        b->x[0] = y9;
+        b->wds = 1;
+#else
+        b = Balloc(k+1);
+        b->x[0] = y9 & 0xffff;
+        b->wds = (b->x[1] = y9 >> 16) ? 2 : 1;
+#endif
+
+        i = 9;
+        if (9 < nd0) {
+                s += 9;
+                do b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0');
+                        while(++i < nd0);
+                s++;
+                }
+        else
+                s += 10;
+        for(; i < nd; i++)
+                b = multadd(b, 10, *s++ - '0');
+        return b;
+        }
+
+ static int
+hi0bits
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (x) register ULong x;
+#else
+        (register ULong x)
+#endif
+{
+        register int k = 0;
+
+        if (!(x & 0xffff0000)) {
+                k = 16;
+                x <<= 16;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 0xff000000)) {
+                k += 8;
+                x <<= 8;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 0xf0000000)) {
+                k += 4;
+                x <<= 4;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 0xc0000000)) {
+                k += 2;
+                x <<= 2;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 0x80000000)) {
+                k++;
+                if (!(x & 0x40000000))
+                        return 32;
+                }
+        return k;
+        }
+
+ static int
+lo0bits
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (y) ULong *y;
+#else
+        (ULong *y)
+#endif
+{
+        register int k;
+        register ULong x = *y;
+
+        if (x & 7) {
+                if (x & 1)
+                        return 0;
+                if (x & 2) {
+                        *y = x >> 1;
+                        return 1;
+                        }
+                *y = x >> 2;
+                return 2;
+                }
+        k = 0;
+        if (!(x & 0xffff)) {
+                k = 16;
+                x >>= 16;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 0xff)) {
+                k += 8;
+                x >>= 8;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 0xf)) {
+                k += 4;
+                x >>= 4;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 0x3)) {
+                k += 2;
+                x >>= 2;
+                }
+        if (!(x & 1)) {
+                k++;
+                x >>= 1;
+                if (!x & 1)
+                        return 32;
+                }
+        *y = x;
+        return k;
+        }
+
+ static Bigint *
+i2b
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (i) int i;
+#else
+        (int i)
+#endif
+{
+        Bigint *b;
+
+        b = Balloc(1);
+        b->x[0] = i;
+        b->wds = 1;
+        return b;
+        }
+
+ static Bigint *
+mult
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (a, b) Bigint *a, *b;
+#else
+        (Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
+#endif
+{
+        Bigint *c;
+        int k, wa, wb, wc;
+        ULong carry, y, z;
+        ULong *x, *xa, *xae, *xb, *xbe, *xc, *xc0;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        ULong z2;
+#endif
+
+        if (a->wds < b->wds) {
+                c = a;
+                a = b;
+                b = c;
+                }
+        k = a->k;
+        wa = a->wds;
+        wb = b->wds;
+        wc = wa + wb;
+        if (wc > a->maxwds)
+                k++;
+        c = Balloc(k);
+        for(x = c->x, xa = x + wc; x < xa; x++)
+                *x = 0;
+        xa = a->x;
+        xae = xa + wa;
+        xb = b->x;
+        xbe = xb + wb;
+        xc0 = c->x;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        for(; xb < xbe; xb++, xc0++) {
+                if ((y = *xb & 0xffff)) {
+                        x = xa;
+                        xc = xc0;
+                        carry = 0;
+                        do {
+                                z = (*x & 0xffff) * y + (*xc & 0xffff) + carry;
+                                carry = z >> 16;
+                                z2 = (*x++ >> 16) * y + (*xc >> 16) + carry;
+                                carry = z2 >> 16;
+                                Storeinc(xc, z2, z);
+                                }
+                                while(x < xae);
+                        *xc = carry;
+                        }
+                if ((y = *xb >> 16)) {
+                        x = xa;
+                        xc = xc0;
+                        carry = 0;
+                        z2 = *xc;
+                        do {
+                                z = (*x & 0xffff) * y + (*xc >> 16) + carry;
+                                carry = z >> 16;
+                                Storeinc(xc, z, z2);
+                                z2 = (*x++ >> 16) * y + (*xc & 0xffff) + carry;
+                                carry = z2 >> 16;
+                                }
+                                while(x < xae);
+                        *xc = z2;
+                        }
+                }
+#else
+        for(; xb < xbe; xc0++) {
+                if (y = *xb++) {
+                        x = xa;
+                        xc = xc0;
+                        carry = 0;
+                        do {
+                                z = *x++ * y + *xc + carry;
+                                carry = z >> 16;
+                                *xc++ = z & 0xffff;
+                                }
+                                while(x < xae);
+                        *xc = carry;
+                        }
+                }
+#endif
+        for(xc0 = c->x, xc = xc0 + wc; wc > 0 && !*--xc; --wc) ;
+        c->wds = wc;
+        return c;
+        }
+
+ static Bigint *p5s;
+
+ static Bigint *
+pow5mult
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (b, k) Bigint *b; int k;
+#else
+        (Bigint *b, int k)
+#endif
+{
+        Bigint *b1, *p5, *p51;
+        int i;
+        static int p05[3] = { 5, 25, 125 };
+
+        if ((i = k & 3))
+                b = multadd(b, p05[i-1], 0);
+
+        if (!(k >>= 2))
+                return b;
+        if (!(p5 = p5s)) {
+                /* first time */
+                p5 = p5s = i2b(625);
+                p5->next = 0;
+                }
+        for(;;) {
+                if (k & 1) {
+                        b1 = mult(b, p5);
+                        Bfree(b);
+                        b = b1;
+                        }
+                if (!(k >>= 1))
+                        break;
+                if (!(p51 = p5->next)) {
+                        p51 = p5->next = mult(p5,p5);
+                        p51->next = 0;
+                        }
+                p5 = p51;
+                }
+        return b;
+        }
+
+ static Bigint *
+lshift
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (b, k) Bigint *b; int k;
+#else
+        (Bigint *b, int k)
+#endif
+{
+        int i, k1, n, n1;
+        Bigint *b1;
+        ULong *x, *x1, *xe, z;
+
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        n = k >> 5;
+#else
+        n = k >> 4;
+#endif
+        k1 = b->k;
+        n1 = n + b->wds + 1;
+        for(i = b->maxwds; n1 > i; i <<= 1)
+                k1++;
+        b1 = Balloc(k1);
+        x1 = b1->x;
+        for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                *x1++ = 0;
+        x = b->x;
+        xe = x + b->wds;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        if (k &= 0x1f) {
+                k1 = 32 - k;
+                z = 0;
+                do {
+                        *x1++ = *x << k | z;
+                        z = *x++ >> k1;
+                        }
+                        while(x < xe);
+                if ((*x1 = z))
+                        ++n1;
+                }
+#else
+        if (k &= 0xf) {
+                k1 = 16 - k;
+                z = 0;
+                do {
+                        *x1++ = *x << k  & 0xffff | z;
+                        z = *x++ >> k1;
+                        }
+                        while(x < xe);
+                if (*x1 = z)
+                        ++n1;
+                }
+#endif
+        else do
+                *x1++ = *x++;
+                while(x < xe);
+        b1->wds = n1 - 1;
+        Bfree(b);
+        return b1;
+        }
+
+ static int
+cmp
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (a, b) Bigint *a, *b;
+#else
+        (Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
+#endif
+{
+        ULong *xa, *xa0, *xb, *xb0;
+        int i, j;
+
+        i = a->wds;
+        j = b->wds;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        if (i > 1 && !a->x[i-1])
+                Bug("cmp called with a->x[a->wds-1] == 0");
+        if (j > 1 && !b->x[j-1])
+                Bug("cmp called with b->x[b->wds-1] == 0");
+#endif
+        if (i -= j)
+                return i;
+        xa0 = a->x;
+        xa = xa0 + j;
+        xb0 = b->x;
+        xb = xb0 + j;
+        for(;;) {
+                if (*--xa != *--xb)
+                        return *xa < *xb ? -1 : 1;
+                if (xa <= xa0)
+                        break;
+                }
+        return 0;
+        }
+
+ static Bigint *
+diff
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (a, b) Bigint *a, *b;
+#else
+        (Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
+#endif
+{
+        Bigint *c;
+        int i, wa, wb;
+        Long borrow, y; /* We need signed shifts here. */
+        ULong *xa, *xae, *xb, *xbe, *xc;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        Long z;
+#endif
+
+        i = cmp(a,b);
+        if (!i) {
+                c = Balloc(0);
+                c->wds = 1;
+                c->x[0] = 0;
+                return c;
+                }
+        if (i < 0) {
+                c = a;
+                a = b;
+                b = c;
+                i = 1;
+                }
+        else
+                i = 0;
+        c = Balloc(a->k);
+        c->sign = i;
+        wa = a->wds;
+        xa = a->x;
+        xae = xa + wa;
+        wb = b->wds;
+        xb = b->x;
+        xbe = xb + wb;
+        xc = c->x;
+        borrow = 0;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        do {
+                y = (*xa & 0xffff) - (*xb & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                borrow = y >> 16;
+                Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                z = (*xa++ >> 16) - (*xb++ >> 16) + borrow;
+                borrow = z >> 16;
+                Sign_Extend(borrow, z);
+                Storeinc(xc, z, y);
+                }
+                while(xb < xbe);
+        while(xa < xae) {
+                y = (*xa & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                borrow = y >> 16;
+                Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                z = (*xa++ >> 16) + borrow;
+                borrow = z >> 16;
+                Sign_Extend(borrow, z);
+                Storeinc(xc, z, y);
+                }
+#else
+        do {
+                y = *xa++ - *xb++ + borrow;
+                borrow = y >> 16;
+                Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                *xc++ = y & 0xffff;
+                }
+                while(xb < xbe);
+        while(xa < xae) {
+                y = *xa++ + borrow;
+                borrow = y >> 16;
+                Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                *xc++ = y & 0xffff;
+                }
+#endif
+        while(!*--xc)
+                wa--;
+        c->wds = wa;
+        return c;
+        }
+
+ static double
+ulp
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (_x) double _x;
+#else
+        (double _x)
+#endif
+{
+        _double x;
+        register Long L;
+        _double a;
+
+        value(x) = _x;
+        L = (word0(x) & Exp_mask) - (P-1)*Exp_msk1;
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+        if (L > 0) {
+#endif
+#ifdef IBM
+                L |= Exp_msk1 >> 4;
+#endif
+                word0(a) = L;
+                word1(a) = 0;
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+                }
+        else {
+                L = -L >> Exp_shift;
+                if (L < Exp_shift) {
+                        word0(a) = 0x80000 >> L;
+                        word1(a) = 0;
+                        }
+                else {
+                        word0(a) = 0;
+                        L -= Exp_shift;
+                        word1(a) = L >= 31 ? 1 : 1 << 31 - L;
+                        }
+                }
+#endif
+        return value(a);
+        }
+
+ static double
+b2d
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (a, e) Bigint *a; int *e;
+#else
+        (Bigint *a, int *e)
+#endif
+{
+        ULong *xa, *xa0, w, y, z;
+        int k;
+        _double d;
+#ifdef VAX
+        ULong d0, d1;
+#else
+#define d0 word0(d)
+#define d1 word1(d)
+#endif
+
+        xa0 = a->x;
+        xa = xa0 + a->wds;
+        y = *--xa;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        if (!y) Bug("zero y in b2d");
+#endif
+        k = hi0bits(y);
+        *e = 32 - k;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        if (k < Ebits) {
+                d0 = Exp_1 | y >> Ebits - k;
+                w = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+                d1 = y << (32-Ebits) + k | w >> Ebits - k;
+                goto ret_d;
+                }
+        z = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+        if (k -= Ebits) {
+                d0 = Exp_1 | y << k | z >> 32 - k;
+                y = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+                d1 = z << k | y >> 32 - k;
+                }
+        else {
+                d0 = Exp_1 | y;
+                d1 = z;
+                }
+#else
+        if (k < Ebits + 16) {
+                z = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+                d0 = Exp_1 | y << k - Ebits | z >> Ebits + 16 - k;
+                w = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+                y = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+                d1 = z << k + 16 - Ebits | w << k - Ebits | y >> 16 + Ebits - k;
+                goto ret_d;
+                }
+        z = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+        w = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+        k -= Ebits + 16;
+        d0 = Exp_1 | y << k + 16 | z << k | w >> 16 - k;
+        y = xa > xa0 ? *--xa : 0;
+        d1 = w << k + 16 | y << k;
+#endif
+ ret_d:
+#ifdef VAX
+        word0(d) = d0 >> 16 | d0 << 16;
+        word1(d) = d1 >> 16 | d1 << 16;
+#else
+#undef d0
+#undef d1
+#endif
+        return value(d);
+        }
+
+ static Bigint *
+d2b
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (_d, e, bits) double d; int *e, *bits;
+#else
+        (double _d, int *e, int *bits)
+#endif
+{
+        Bigint *b;
+        int de, i, k;
+        ULong *x, y, z;
+        _double d;
+#ifdef VAX
+        ULong d0, d1;
+#endif
+
+        value(d) = _d;
+#ifdef VAX
+        d0 = word0(d) >> 16 | word0(d) << 16;
+        d1 = word1(d) >> 16 | word1(d) << 16;
+#else
+#define d0 word0(d)
+#define d1 word1(d)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        b = Balloc(1);
+#else
+        b = Balloc(2);
+#endif
+        x = b->x;
+
+        z = d0 & Frac_mask;
+        d0 &= 0x7fffffff;       /* clear sign bit, which we ignore */
+#ifdef Sudden_Underflow
+        de = (int)(d0 >> Exp_shift);
+#ifndef IBM
+        z |= Exp_msk11;
+#endif
+#else
+        if (de = (int)(d0 >> Exp_shift))
+                z |= Exp_msk1;
+#endif
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        if (y = d1) {
+                if (k = lo0bits(&y)) {
+                        x[0] = y | z << 32 - k;
+                        z >>= k;
+                        }
+                else
+                        x[0] = y;
+                i = b->wds = (x[1] = z) ? 2 : 1;
+                }
+        else {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+                if (!z)
+                        Bug("Zero passed to d2b");
+#endif
+                k = lo0bits(&z);
+                x[0] = z;
+                i = b->wds = 1;
+                k += 32;
+                }
+#else
+        if (y = d1) {
+                if (k = lo0bits(&y))
+                        if (k >= 16) {
+                                x[0] = y | z << 32 - k & 0xffff;
+                                x[1] = z >> k - 16 & 0xffff;
+                                x[2] = z >> k;
+                                i = 2;
+                                }
+                        else {
+                                x[0] = y & 0xffff;
+                                x[1] = y >> 16 | z << 16 - k & 0xffff;
+                                x[2] = z >> k & 0xffff;
+                                x[3] = z >> k+16;
+                                i = 3;
+                                }
+                else {
+                        x[0] = y & 0xffff;
+                        x[1] = y >> 16;
+                        x[2] = z & 0xffff;
+                        x[3] = z >> 16;
+                        i = 3;
+                        }
+                }
+        else {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+                if (!z)
+                        Bug("Zero passed to d2b");
+#endif
+                k = lo0bits(&z);
+                if (k >= 16) {
+                        x[0] = z;
+                        i = 0;
+                        }
+                else {
+                        x[0] = z & 0xffff;
+                        x[1] = z >> 16;
+                        i = 1;
+                        }
+                k += 32;
+                }
+        while(!x[i])
+                --i;
+        b->wds = i + 1;
+#endif
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+        if (de) {
+#endif
+#ifdef IBM
+                *e = (de - Bias - (P-1) << 2) + k;
+                *bits = 4*P + 8 - k - hi0bits(word0(d) & Frac_mask);
+#else
+                *e = de - Bias - (P-1) + k;
+                *bits = P - k;
+#endif
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+                }
+        else {
+                *e = de - Bias - (P-1) + 1 + k;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+                *bits = 32*i - hi0bits(x[i-1]);
+#else
+                *bits = (i+2)*16 - hi0bits(x[i]);
+#endif
+                }
+#endif
+        return b;
+        }
+#undef d0
+#undef d1
+
+ static double
+ratio
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (a, b) Bigint *a, *b;
+#else
+        (Bigint *a, Bigint *b)
+#endif
+{
+        _double da, db;
+        int k, ka, kb;
+
+        value(da) = b2d(a, &ka);
+        value(db) = b2d(b, &kb);
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        k = ka - kb + 32*(a->wds - b->wds);
+#else
+        k = ka - kb + 16*(a->wds - b->wds);
+#endif
+#ifdef IBM
+        if (k > 0) {
+                word0(da) += (k >> 2)*Exp_msk1;
+                if (k &= 3)
+                        da *= 1 << k;
+                }
+        else {
+                k = -k;
+                word0(db) += (k >> 2)*Exp_msk1;
+                if (k &= 3)
+                        db *= 1 << k;
+                }
+#else
+        if (k > 0)
+                word0(da) += k*Exp_msk1;
+        else {
+                k = -k;
+                word0(db) += k*Exp_msk1;
+                }
+#endif
+        return value(da) / value(db);
+        }
+
+static CONST double
+tens[] = {
+                1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9,
+                1e10, 1e11, 1e12, 1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, 1e17, 1e18, 1e19,
+                1e20, 1e21, 1e22
+#ifdef VAX
+                , 1e23, 1e24
+#endif
+                };
+
+#ifdef IEEE_Arith
+static CONST double bigtens[] = { 1e16, 1e32, 1e64, 1e128, 1e256 };
+static CONST double tinytens[] = { 1e-16, 1e-32, 1e-64, 1e-128, 1e-256 };
+#define n_bigtens 5
+#else
+#ifdef IBM
+static CONST double bigtens[] = { 1e16, 1e32, 1e64 };
+static CONST double tinytens[] = { 1e-16, 1e-32, 1e-64 };
+#define n_bigtens 3
+#else
+static CONST double bigtens[] = { 1e16, 1e32 };
+static CONST double tinytens[] = { 1e-16, 1e-32 };
+#define n_bigtens 2
+#endif
+#endif
+
+ double
+strtod
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (s00, se) CONST char *s00; char **se;
+#else
+        (CONST char *s00, char **se)
+#endif
+{
+        int bb2, bb5, bbe, bd2, bd5, bbbits, bs2, c, dsign,
+                 e, e1, esign, i, j, k, nd, nd0, nf, nz, nz0, sign;
+        CONST char *s, *s0, *s1;
+        double aadj, aadj1, adj;
+        _double rv, rv0;
+        Long L;
+        ULong y, z;
+        Bigint *bb, *bb1, *bd, *bd0, *bs, *delta;
+
+#ifndef KR_headers
+        CONST char decimal_point = localeconv()->decimal_point[0];
+#else
+        CONST char decimal_point = '.';
+#endif
+
+        sign = nz0 = nz = 0;
+        value(rv) = 0.;
+
+
+        for(s = s00; isspace((unsigned char) *s); s++)
+                ;
+
+        if (*s == '-') {
+                sign = 1;
+                s++;
+        } else if (*s == '+') {
+                s++;
+        }
+
+        if (*s == '\0') {
+                s = s00;
+                goto ret;
+        }
+
+        if (*s == '0') {
+                nz0 = 1;
+                while(*++s == '0') ;
+                if (!*s)
+                        goto ret;
+                }
+        s0 = s;
+        y = z = 0;
+        for(nd = nf = 0; (c = *s) >= '0' && c <= '9'; nd++, s++)
+                if (nd < 9)
+                        y = 10*y + c - '0';
+                else if (nd < 16)
+                        z = 10*z + c - '0';
+        nd0 = nd;
+        if (c == decimal_point) {
+                c = *++s;
+                if (!nd) {
+                        for(; c == '0'; c = *++s)
+                                nz++;
+                        if (c > '0' && c <= '9') {
+                                s0 = s;
+                                nf += nz;
+                                nz = 0;
+                                goto have_dig;
+                                }
+                        goto dig_done;
+                        }
+                for(; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = *++s) {
+ have_dig:
+                        nz++;
+                        if (c -= '0') {
+                                nf += nz;
+                                for(i = 1; i < nz; i++)
+                                        if (nd++ < 9)
+                                                y *= 10;
+                                        else if (nd <= DBL_DIG + 1)
+                                                z *= 10;
+                                if (nd++ < 9)
+                                        y = 10*y + c;
+                                else if (nd <= DBL_DIG + 1)
+                                        z = 10*z + c;
+                                nz = 0;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+ dig_done:
+        e = 0;
+        if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+                if (!nd && !nz && !nz0) {
+                        s = s00;
+                        goto ret;
+                        }
+                s00 = s;
+                esign = 0;
+                switch(c = *++s) {
+                        case '-':
+                                esign = 1;
+                        case '+':
+                                c = *++s;
+                        }
+                if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+                        while(c == '0')
+                                c = *++s;
+                        if (c > '0' && c <= '9') {
+                                L = c - '0';
+                                s1 = s;
+                                while((c = *++s) >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                                        L = 10*L + c - '0';
+                                if (s - s1 > 8 || L > 19999)
+                                        /* Avoid confusion from exponents
+                                         * so large that e might overflow.
+                                         */
+                                        e = 19999; /* safe for 16 bit ints */
+                                else
+                                        e = (int)L;
+                                if (esign)
+                                        e = -e;
+                                }
+                        else
+                                e = 0;
+                        }
+                else
+                        s = s00;
+                }
+        if (!nd) {
+                if (!nz && !nz0)
+                        s = s00;
+                goto ret;
+                }
+        e1 = e -= nf;
+
+        /* Now we have nd0 digits, starting at s0, followed by a
+         * decimal point, followed by nd-nd0 digits.  The number we're
+         * after is the integer represented by those digits times
+         * 10**e */
+
+        if (!nd0)
+                nd0 = nd;
+        k = nd < DBL_DIG + 1 ? nd : DBL_DIG + 1;
+        value(rv) = y;
+        if (k > 9)
+                value(rv) = tens[k - 9] * value(rv) + z;
+        bd0 = 0;
+        if (nd <= DBL_DIG
+#ifndef RND_PRODQUOT
+                && FLT_ROUNDS == 1
+#endif
+                        ) {
+                if (!e)
+                        goto ret;
+                if (e > 0) {
+                        if (e <= Ten_pmax) {
+#ifdef VAX
+                                goto vax_ovfl_check;
+#else
+                                /* value(rv) = */ rounded_product(value(rv),
+                                    tens[e]);
+                                goto ret;
+#endif
+                                }
+                        i = DBL_DIG - nd;
+                        if (e <= Ten_pmax + i) {
+                                /* A fancier test would sometimes let us do
+                                 * this for larger i values.
+                                 */
+                                e -= i;
+                                value(rv) *= tens[i];
+#ifdef VAX
+                                /* VAX exponent range is so narrow we must
+                                 * worry about overflow here...
+                                 */
+ vax_ovfl_check:
+                                word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
+                                /* value(rv) = */ rounded_product(value(rv),
+                                    tens[e]);
+                                if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
+                                 > Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1-P))
+                                        goto ovfl;
+                                word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
+#else
+                                /* value(rv) = */ rounded_product(value(rv),
+                                    tens[e]);
+#endif
+                                goto ret;
+                                }
+                        }
+#ifndef Inaccurate_Divide
+                else if (e >= -Ten_pmax) {
+                        /* value(rv) = */ rounded_quotient(value(rv),
+                            tens[-e]);
+                        goto ret;
+                        }
+#endif
+                }
+        e1 += nd - k;
+
+        /* Get starting approximation = rv * 10**e1 */
+
+        if (e1 > 0) {
+                if (i = e1 & 15)
+                        value(rv) *= tens[i];
+                if (e1 &= ~15) {
+                        if (e1 > DBL_MAX_10_EXP) {
+ ovfl:
+                                errno = ERANGE;
+#ifndef Bad_float_h
+                                value(rv) = HUGE_VAL;
+#else
+                                /* Can't trust HUGE_VAL */
+#ifdef IEEE_Arith
+                                word0(rv) = Exp_mask;
+                                word1(rv) = 0;
+#else
+                                word0(rv) = Big0;
+                                word1(rv) = Big1;
+#endif
+#endif
+                                if (bd0)
+                                        goto retfree;
+                                goto ret;
+                                }
+                        if (e1 >>= 4) {
+                                for(j = 0; e1 > 1; j++, e1 >>= 1)
+                                        if (e1 & 1)
+                                                value(rv) *= bigtens[j];
+                        /* The last multiplication could overflow. */
+                                word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
+                                value(rv) *= bigtens[j];
+                                if ((z = word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
+                                 > Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-P))
+                                        goto ovfl;
+                                if (z > Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1-P)) {
+                                        /* set to largest number */
+                                        /* (Can't trust DBL_MAX) */
+                                        word0(rv) = Big0;
+                                        word1(rv) = Big1;
+                                        }
+                                else
+                                        word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
+                                }
+
+                        }
+                }
+        else if (e1 < 0) {
+                e1 = -e1;
+                if (i = e1 & 15)
+                        value(rv) /= tens[i];
+                if (e1 &= ~15) {
+                        e1 >>= 4;
+                        if (e1 >= 1 << n_bigtens)
+                                goto undfl;
+                        for(j = 0; e1 > 1; j++, e1 >>= 1)
+                                if (e1 & 1)
+                                        value(rv) *= tinytens[j];
+                        /* The last multiplication could underflow. */
+                        value(rv0) = value(rv);
+                        value(rv) *= tinytens[j];
+                        if (!value(rv)) {
+                                value(rv) = 2.*value(rv0);
+                                value(rv) *= tinytens[j];
+                                if (!value(rv)) {
+ undfl:
+                                        value(rv) = 0.;
+                                        errno = ERANGE;
+                                        if (bd0)
+                                                goto retfree;
+                                        goto ret;
+                                        }
+                                word0(rv) = Tiny0;
+                                word1(rv) = Tiny1;
+                                /* The refinement below will clean
+                                 * this approximation up.
+                                 */
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+        /* Now the hard part -- adjusting rv to the correct value.*/
+
+        /* Put digits into bd: true value = bd * 10^e */
+
+        bd0 = s2b(s0, nd0, nd, y);
+
+        for(;;) {
+                bd = Balloc(bd0->k);
+                Bcopy(bd, bd0);
+                bb = d2b(value(rv), &bbe, &bbbits);     /* rv = bb * 2^bbe */
+                bs = i2b(1);
+
+                if (e >= 0) {
+                        bb2 = bb5 = 0;
+                        bd2 = bd5 = e;
+                        }
+                else {
+                        bb2 = bb5 = -e;
+                        bd2 = bd5 = 0;
+                        }
+                if (bbe >= 0)
+                        bb2 += bbe;
+                else
+                        bd2 -= bbe;
+                bs2 = bb2;
+#ifdef Sudden_Underflow
+#ifdef IBM
+                j = 1 + 4*P - 3 - bbbits + ((bbe + bbbits - 1) & 3);
+#else
+                j = P + 1 - bbbits;
+#endif
+#else
+                i = bbe + bbbits - 1;   /* logb(rv) */
+                if (i < Emin)   /* denormal */
+                        j = bbe + (P-Emin);
+                else
+                        j = P + 1 - bbbits;
+#endif
+                bb2 += j;
+                bd2 += j;
+                i = bb2 < bd2 ? bb2 : bd2;
+                if (i > bs2)
+                        i = bs2;
+                if (i > 0) {
+                        bb2 -= i;
+                        bd2 -= i;
+                        bs2 -= i;
+                        }
+                if (bb5 > 0) {
+                        bs = pow5mult(bs, bb5);
+                        bb1 = mult(bs, bb);
+                        Bfree(bb);
+                        bb = bb1;
+                        }
+                if (bb2 > 0)
+                        bb = lshift(bb, bb2);
+                if (bd5 > 0)
+                        bd = pow5mult(bd, bd5);
+                if (bd2 > 0)
+                        bd = lshift(bd, bd2);
+                if (bs2 > 0)
+                        bs = lshift(bs, bs2);
+                delta = diff(bb, bd);
+                dsign = delta->sign;
+                delta->sign = 0;
+                i = cmp(delta, bs);
+                if (i < 0) {
+                        /* Error is less than half an ulp -- check for
+                         * special case of mantissa a power of two.
+                         */
+                        if (dsign || word1(rv) || word0(rv) & Bndry_mask)
+                                break;
+                        delta = lshift(delta,Log2P);
+                        if (cmp(delta, bs) > 0)
+                                goto drop_down;
+                        break;
+                        }
+                if (i == 0) {
+                        /* exactly half-way between */
+                        if (dsign) {
+                                if ((word0(rv) & Bndry_mask1) == Bndry_mask1
+                                 &&  word1(rv) == 0xffffffff) {
+                                        /*boundary case -- increment exponent*/
+                                        word0(rv) = (word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
+                                                + Exp_msk1
+#ifdef IBM
+                                                | Exp_msk1 >> 4
+#endif
+                                                ;
+                                        word1(rv) = 0;
+                                        break;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        else if (!(word0(rv) & Bndry_mask) && !word1(rv)) {
+ drop_down:
+                                /* boundary case -- decrement exponent */
+#ifdef Sudden_Underflow
+                                L = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
+#ifdef IBM
+                                if (L <  Exp_msk1)
+#else
+                                if (L <= Exp_msk1)
+#endif
+                                        goto undfl;
+                                L -= Exp_msk1;
+#else
+                                L = (word0(rv) & Exp_mask) - Exp_msk1;
+#endif
+                                word0(rv) = L | Bndry_mask1;
+                                word1(rv) = 0xffffffff;
+#ifdef IBM
+                                goto cont;
+#else
+                                break;
+#endif
+                                }
+#ifndef ROUND_BIASED
+                        if (!(word1(rv) & LSB))
+                                break;
+#endif
+                        if (dsign)
+                                value(rv) += ulp(value(rv));
+#ifndef ROUND_BIASED
+                        else {
+                                value(rv) -= ulp(value(rv));
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+                                if (!value(rv))
+                                        goto undfl;
+#endif
+                                }
+#endif
+                        break;
+                        }
+                if ((aadj = ratio(delta, bs)) <= 2.) {
+                        if (dsign)
+                                aadj = aadj1 = 1.;
+                        else if (word1(rv) || word0(rv) & Bndry_mask) {
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+                                if (word1(rv) == Tiny1 && !word0(rv))
+                                        goto undfl;
+#endif
+                                aadj = 1.;
+                                aadj1 = -1.;
+                                }
+                        else {
+                                /* special case -- power of FLT_RADIX to be */
+                                /* rounded down... */
+
+                                if (aadj < 2./FLT_RADIX)
+                                        aadj = 1./FLT_RADIX;
+                                else
+                                        aadj *= 0.5;
+                                aadj1 = -aadj;
+                                }
+                        }
+                else {
+                        aadj *= 0.5;
+                        aadj1 = dsign ? aadj : -aadj;
+#ifdef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
+                        switch(FLT_ROUNDS) {
+                                case 2: /* towards +infinity */
+                                        aadj1 -= 0.5;
+                                        break;
+                                case 0: /* towards 0 */
+                                case 3: /* towards -infinity */
+                                        aadj1 += 0.5;
+                                }
+#else
+                        if (FLT_ROUNDS == 0)
+                                aadj1 += 0.5;
+#endif
+                        }
+                y = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
+
+                /* Check for overflow */
+
+                if (y == Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1)) {
+                        value(rv0) = value(rv);
+                        word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
+                        adj = aadj1 * ulp(value(rv));
+                        value(rv) += adj;
+                        if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) >=
+                                        Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-P)) {
+                                if (word0(rv0) == Big0 && word1(rv0) == Big1)
+                                        goto ovfl;
+                                word0(rv) = Big0;
+                                word1(rv) = Big1;
+                                goto cont;
+                                }
+                        else
+                                word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
+                        }
+                else {
+#ifdef Sudden_Underflow
+                        if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= P*Exp_msk1) {
+                                value(rv0) = value(rv);
+                                word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
+                                adj = aadj1 * ulp(value(rv));
+                                value(rv) += adj;
+#ifdef IBM
+                                if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <  P*Exp_msk1)
+#else
+                                if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= P*Exp_msk1)
+#endif
+                                        {
+                                        if (word0(rv0) == Tiny0
+                                         && word1(rv0) == Tiny1)
+                                                goto undfl;
+                                        word0(rv) = Tiny0;
+                                        word1(rv) = Tiny1;
+                                        goto cont;
+                                        }
+                                else
+                                        word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
+                                }
+                        else {
+                                adj = aadj1 * ulp(value(rv));
+                                value(rv) += adj;
+                                }
+#else
+                        /* Compute adj so that the IEEE rounding rules will
+                         * correctly round rv + adj in some half-way cases.
+                         * If rv * ulp(rv) is denormalized (i.e.,
+                         * y <= (P-1)*Exp_msk1), we must adjust aadj to avoid
+                         * trouble from bits lost to denormalization;
+                         * example: 1.2e-307 .
+                         */
+                        if (y <= (P-1)*Exp_msk1 && aadj >= 1.) {
+                                aadj1 = (double)(int)(aadj + 0.5);
+                                if (!dsign)
+                                        aadj1 = -aadj1;
+                                }
+                        adj = aadj1 * ulp(value(rv));
+                        value(rv) += adj;
+#endif
+                        }
+                z = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
+                if (y == z) {
+                        /* Can we stop now? */
+                        L = aadj;
+                        aadj -= L;
+                        /* The tolerances below are conservative. */
+                        if (dsign || word1(rv) || word0(rv) & Bndry_mask) {
+                                if (aadj < .4999999 || aadj > .5000001)
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                        else if (aadj < .4999999/FLT_RADIX)
+                                break;
+                        }
+ cont:
+                Bfree(bb);
+                Bfree(bd);
+                Bfree(bs);
+                Bfree(delta);
+                }
+ retfree:
+        Bfree(bb);
+        Bfree(bd);
+        Bfree(bs);
+        Bfree(bd0);
+        Bfree(delta);
+ ret:
+        if (se)
+                *se = (char *)s;
+        return sign ? -value(rv) : value(rv);
+        }
+
+ static int
+quorem
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (b, S) Bigint *b, *S;
+#else
+        (Bigint *b, Bigint *S)
+#endif
+{
+        int n;
+        Long borrow, y;
+        ULong carry, q, ys;
+        ULong *bx, *bxe, *sx, *sxe;
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        Long z;
+        ULong si, zs;
+#endif
+
+        n = S->wds;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        /*debug*/ if (b->wds > n)
+        /*debug*/       Bug("oversize b in quorem");
+#endif
+        if (b->wds < n)
+                return 0;
+        sx = S->x;
+        sxe = sx + --n;
+        bx = b->x;
+        bxe = bx + n;
+        q = *bxe / (*sxe + 1);  /* ensure q <= true quotient */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        /*debug*/ if (q > 9)
+        /*debug*/       Bug("oversized quotient in quorem");
+#endif
+        if (q) {
+                borrow = 0;
+                carry = 0;
+                do {
+#ifdef Pack_32
+                        si = *sx++;
+                        ys = (si & 0xffff) * q + carry;
+                        zs = (si >> 16) * q + (ys >> 16);
+                        carry = zs >> 16;
+                        y = (*bx & 0xffff) - (ys & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                        borrow = y >> 16;
+                        Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                        z = (*bx >> 16) - (zs & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                        borrow = z >> 16;
+                        Sign_Extend(borrow, z);
+                        Storeinc(bx, z, y);
+#else
+                        ys = *sx++ * q + carry;
+                        carry = ys >> 16;
+                        y = *bx - (ys & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                        borrow = y >> 16;
+                        Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                        *bx++ = y & 0xffff;
+#endif
+                        }
+                        while(sx <= sxe);
+                if (!*bxe) {
+                        bx = b->x;
+                        while(--bxe > bx && !*bxe)
+                                --n;
+                        b->wds = n;
+                        }
+                }
+        if (cmp(b, S) >= 0) {
+                q++;
+                borrow = 0;
+                carry = 0;
+                bx = b->x;
+                sx = S->x;
+                do {
+#ifdef Pack_32
+                        si = *sx++;
+                        ys = (si & 0xffff) + carry;
+                        zs = (si >> 16) + (ys >> 16);
+                        carry = zs >> 16;
+                        y = (*bx & 0xffff) - (ys & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                        borrow = y >> 16;
+                        Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                        z = (*bx >> 16) - (zs & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                        borrow = z >> 16;
+                        Sign_Extend(borrow, z);
+                        Storeinc(bx, z, y);
+#else
+                        ys = *sx++ + carry;
+                        carry = ys >> 16;
+                        y = *bx - (ys & 0xffff) + borrow;
+                        borrow = y >> 16;
+                        Sign_Extend(borrow, y);
+                        *bx++ = y & 0xffff;
+#endif
+                        }
+                        while(sx <= sxe);
+                bx = b->x;
+                bxe = bx + n;
+                if (!*bxe) {
+                        while(--bxe > bx && !*bxe)
+                                --n;
+                        b->wds = n;
+                        }
+                }
+        return q;
+        }
+
+/* dtoa for IEEE arithmetic (dmg): convert double to ASCII string.
+ *
+ * Inspired by "How to Print Floating-Point Numbers Accurately" by
+ * Guy L. Steele, Jr. and Jon L. White [Proc. ACM SIGPLAN '90, pp. 92-101].
+ *
+ * Modifications:
+ *      1. Rather than iterating, we use a simple numeric overestimate
+ *         to determine k = floor(log10(d)).  We scale relevant
+ *         quantities using O(log2(k)) rather than O(k) multiplications.
+ *      2. For some modes > 2 (corresponding to ecvt and fcvt), we don't
+ *         try to generate digits strictly left to right.  Instead, we
+ *         compute with fewer bits and propagate the carry if necessary
+ *         when rounding the final digit up.  This is often faster.
+ *      3. Under the assumption that input will be rounded nearest,
+ *         mode 0 renders 1e23 as 1e23 rather than 9.999999999999999e22.
+ *         That is, we allow equality in stopping tests when the
+ *         round-nearest rule will give the same floating-point value
+ *         as would satisfaction of the stopping test with strict
+ *         inequality.
+ *      4. We remove common factors of powers of 2 from relevant
+ *         quantities.
+ *      5. When converting floating-point integers less than 1e16,
+ *         we use floating-point arithmetic rather than resorting
+ *         to multiple-precision integers.
+ *      6. When asked to produce fewer than 15 digits, we first try
+ *         to get by with floating-point arithmetic; we resort to
+ *         multiple-precision integer arithmetic only if we cannot
+ *         guarantee that the floating-point calculation has given
+ *         the correctly rounded result.  For k requested digits and
+ *         "uniformly" distributed input, the probability is
+ *         something like 10^(k-15) that we must resort to the Long
+ *         calculation.
+ */
+
+ char *
+__dtoa
+#ifdef KR_headers
+        (_d, mode, ndigits, decpt, sign, rve)
+        double _d; int mode, ndigits, *decpt, *sign; char **rve;
+#else
+        (double _d, int mode, int ndigits, int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve)
+#endif
+{
+ /*     Arguments ndigits, decpt, sign are similar to those
+        of ecvt and fcvt; trailing zeros are suppressed from
+        the returned string.  If not null, *rve is set to point
+        to the end of the return value.  If d is +-Infinity or NaN,
+        then *decpt is set to 9999.
+
+        mode:
+                0 ==> shortest string that yields d when read in
+                        and rounded to nearest.
+                1 ==> like 0, but with Steele & White stopping rule;
+                        e.g. with IEEE P754 arithmetic , mode 0 gives
+                        1e23 whereas mode 1 gives 9.999999999999999e22.
+                2 ==> max(1,ndigits) significant digits.  This gives a
+                        return value similar to that of ecvt, except
+                        that trailing zeros are suppressed.
+                3 ==> through ndigits past the decimal point.  This
+                        gives a return value similar to that from fcvt,
+                        except that trailing zeros are suppressed, and
+                        ndigits can be negative.
+                4-9 should give the same return values as 2-3, i.e.,
+                        4 <= mode <= 9 ==> same return as mode
+                        2 + (mode & 1).  These modes are mainly for
+                        debugging; often they run slower but sometimes
+                        faster than modes 2-3.
+                4,5,8,9 ==> left-to-right digit generation.
+                6-9 ==> don't try fast floating-point estimate
+                        (if applicable).
+
+                Values of mode other than 0-9 are treated as mode 0.
+
+                Sufficient space is allocated to the return value
+                to hold the suppressed trailing zeros.
+        */
+
+        int bbits, b2, b5, be, dig, i, ieps, ilim, ilim0, ilim1,
+                j, j1, k, k0, k_check, leftright, m2, m5, s2, s5,
+                spec_case, try_quick;
+        Long L;
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+        int denorm;
+        ULong x;
+#endif
+        Bigint *b, *b1, *delta, *mlo, *mhi, *S;
+        double ds;
+        char *s, *s0;
+        static Bigint *result;
+        static int result_k;
+        _double d, d2, eps;
+
+        value(d) = _d;
+        if (result) {
+                result->k = result_k;
+                result->maxwds = 1 << result_k;
+                Bfree(result);
+                result = 0;
+                }
+
+        if (word0(d) & Sign_bit) {
+                /* set sign for everything, including 0's and NaNs */
+                *sign = 1;
+                word0(d) &= ~Sign_bit;  /* clear sign bit */
+                }
+        else
+                *sign = 0;
+
+#if defined(IEEE_Arith) + defined(VAX)
+#ifdef IEEE_Arith
+        if ((word0(d) & Exp_mask) == Exp_mask)
+#else
+        if (word0(d)  == 0x8000)
+#endif
+                {
+                /* Infinity or NaN */
+                *decpt = 9999;
+                s =
+#ifdef IEEE_Arith
+                        !word1(d) && !(word0(d) & 0xfffff) ? "Infinity" :
+#endif
+                                "NaN";
+                if (rve)
+                        *rve =
+#ifdef IEEE_Arith
+                                s[3] ? s + 8 :
+#endif
+                                                s + 3;
+                return s;
+                }
+#endif
+#ifdef IBM
+        value(d) += 0; /* normalize */
+#endif
+        if (!value(d)) {
+                *decpt = 1;
+                s = "0";
+                if (rve)
+                        *rve = s + 1;
+                return s;
+                }
+
+        b = d2b(value(d), &be, &bbits);
+#ifdef Sudden_Underflow
+        i = (int)(word0(d) >> Exp_shift1 & (Exp_mask>>Exp_shift1));
+#else
+        if (i = (int)(word0(d) >> Exp_shift1 & (Exp_mask>>Exp_shift1))) {
+#endif
+                value(d2) = value(d);
+                word0(d2) &= Frac_mask1;
+                word0(d2) |= Exp_11;
+#ifdef IBM
+                if (j = 11 - hi0bits(word0(d2) & Frac_mask))
+                        value(d2) /= 1 << j;
+#endif
+
+                /* log(x)       ~=~ log(1.5) + (x-1.5)/1.5
+                 * log10(x)      =  log(x) / log(10)
+                 *              ~=~ log(1.5)/log(10) + (x-1.5)/(1.5*log(10))
+                 * log10(d) = (i-Bias)*log(2)/log(10) + log10(d2)
+                 *
+                 * This suggests computing an approximation k to log10(d) by
+                 *
+                 * k = (i - Bias)*0.301029995663981
+                 *      + ( (d2-1.5)*0.289529654602168 + 0.176091259055681 );
+                 *
+                 * We want k to be too large rather than too small.
+                 * The error in the first-order Taylor series approximation
+                 * is in our favor, so we just round up the constant enough
+                 * to compensate for any error in the multiplication of
+                 * (i - Bias) by 0.301029995663981; since |i - Bias| <= 1077,
+                 * and 1077 * 0.30103 * 2^-52 ~=~ 7.2e-14,
+                 * adding 1e-13 to the constant term more than suffices.
+                 * Hence we adjust the constant term to 0.1760912590558.
+                 * (We could get a more accurate k by invoking log10,
+                 *  but this is probably not worthwhile.)
+                 */
+
+                i -= Bias;
+#ifdef IBM
+                i <<= 2;
+                i += j;
+#endif
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+                denorm = 0;
+                }
+        else {
+                /* d is denormalized */
+
+                i = bbits + be + (Bias + (P-1) - 1);
+                x = i > 32  ? word0(d) << 64 - i | word1(d) >> i - 32
+                            : word1(d) << 32 - i;
+                value(d2) = x;
+                word0(d2) -= 31*Exp_msk1; /* adjust exponent */
+                i -= (Bias + (P-1) - 1) + 1;
+                denorm = 1;
+                }
+#endif
+        ds = (value(d2)-1.5)*0.289529654602168 + 0.1760912590558 +
+            i*0.301029995663981;
+        k = (int)ds;
+        if (ds < 0. && ds != k)
+                k--;    /* want k = floor(ds) */
+        k_check = 1;
+        if (k >= 0 && k <= Ten_pmax) {
+                if (value(d) < tens[k])
+                        k--;
+                k_check = 0;
+                }
+        j = bbits - i - 1;
+        if (j >= 0) {
+                b2 = 0;
+                s2 = j;
+                }
+        else {
+                b2 = -j;
+                s2 = 0;
+                }
+        if (k >= 0) {
+                b5 = 0;
+                s5 = k;
+                s2 += k;
+                }
+        else {
+                b2 -= k;
+                b5 = -k;
+                s5 = 0;
+                }
+        if (mode < 0 || mode > 9)
+                mode = 0;
+        try_quick = 1;
+        if (mode > 5) {
+                mode -= 4;
+                try_quick = 0;
+                }
+        leftright = 1;
+        switch(mode) {
+                case 0:
+                case 1:
+                        ilim = ilim1 = -1;
+                        i = 18;
+                        ndigits = 0;
+                        break;
+                case 2:
+                        leftright = 0;
+                        /* no break */
+                case 4:
+                        if (ndigits <= 0)
+                                ndigits = 1;
+                        ilim = ilim1 = i = ndigits;
+                        break;
+                case 3:
+                        leftright = 0;
+                        /* no break */
+                case 5:
+                        i = ndigits + k + 1;
+                        ilim = i;
+                        ilim1 = i - 1;
+                        if (i <= 0)
+                                i = 1;
+                }
+        j = sizeof(ULong);
+        for(result_k = 0; sizeof(Bigint) - sizeof(ULong) + j <= i;
+                j <<= 1) result_k++;
+        result = Balloc(result_k);
+        s = s0 = (char *)result;
+
+        if (ilim >= 0 && ilim <= Quick_max && try_quick) {
+
+                /* Try to get by with floating-point arithmetic. */
+
+                i = 0;
+                value(d2) = value(d);
+                k0 = k;
+                ilim0 = ilim;
+                ieps = 2; /* conservative */
+                if (k > 0) {
+                        ds = tens[k&0xf];
+                        j = k >> 4;
+                        if (j & Bletch) {
+                                /* prevent overflows */
+                                j &= Bletch - 1;
+                                value(d) /= bigtens[n_bigtens-1];
+                                ieps++;
+                                }
+                        for(; j; j >>= 1, i++)
+                                if (j & 1) {
+                                        ieps++;
+                                        ds *= bigtens[i];
+                                        }
+                        value(d) /= ds;
+                        }
+                else if (j1 = -k) {
+                        value(d) *= tens[j1 & 0xf];
+                        for(j = j1 >> 4; j; j >>= 1, i++)
+                                if (j & 1) {
+                                        ieps++;
+                                        value(d) *= bigtens[i];
+                                        }
+                        }
+                if (k_check && value(d) < 1. && ilim > 0) {
+                        if (ilim1 <= 0)
+                                goto fast_failed;
+                        ilim = ilim1;
+                        k--;
+                        value(d) *= 10.;
+                        ieps++;
+                        }
+                value(eps) = ieps*value(d) + 7.;
+                word0(eps) -= (P-1)*Exp_msk1;
+                if (ilim == 0) {
+                        S = mhi = 0;
+                        value(d) -= 5.;
+                        if (value(d) > value(eps))
+                                goto one_digit;
+                        if (value(d) < -value(eps))
+                                goto no_digits;
+                        goto fast_failed;
+                        }
+#ifndef No_leftright
+                if (leftright) {
+                        /* Use Steele & White method of only
+                         * generating digits needed.
+                         */
+                        value(eps) = 0.5/tens[ilim-1] - value(eps);
+                        for(i = 0;;) {
+                                L = value(d);
+                                value(d) -= L;
+                                *s++ = '0' + (int)L;
+                                if (value(d) < value(eps))
+                                        goto ret1;
+                                if (1. - value(d) < value(eps))
+                                        goto bump_up;
+                                if (++i >= ilim)
+                                        break;
+                                value(eps) *= 10.;
+                                value(d) *= 10.;
+                                }
+                        }
+                else {
+#endif
+                        /* Generate ilim digits, then fix them up. */
+                        value(eps) *= tens[ilim-1];
+                        for(i = 1;; i++, value(d) *= 10.) {
+                                L = value(d);
+                                value(d) -= L;
+                                *s++ = '0' + (int)L;
+                                if (i == ilim) {
+                                        if (value(d) > 0.5 + value(eps))
+                                                goto bump_up;
+                                        else if (value(d) < 0.5 - value(eps)) {
+                                                while(*--s == '0');
+                                                s++;
+                                                goto ret1;
+                                                }
+                                        break;
+                                        }
+                                }
+#ifndef No_leftright
+                        }
+#endif
+ fast_failed:
+                s = s0;
+                value(d) = value(d2);
+                k = k0;
+                ilim = ilim0;
+                }
+
+        /* Do we have a "small" integer? */
+
+        if (be >= 0 && k <= Int_max) {
+                /* Yes. */
+                ds = tens[k];
+                if (ndigits < 0 && ilim <= 0) {
+                        S = mhi = 0;
+                        if (ilim < 0 || value(d) <= 5*ds)
+                                goto no_digits;
+                        goto one_digit;
+                        }
+                for(i = 1;; i++) {
+                        L = value(d) / ds;
+                        value(d) -= L*ds;
+#ifdef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
+                        /* If FLT_ROUNDS == 2, L will usually be high by 1 */
+                        if (value(d) < 0) {
+                                L--;
+                                value(d) += ds;
+                                }
+#endif
+                        *s++ = '0' + (int)L;
+                        if (i == ilim) {
+                                value(d) += value(d);
+                                if (value(d) > ds || value(d) == ds && L & 1) {
+ bump_up:
+                                        while(*--s == '9')
+                                                if (s == s0) {
+                                                        k++;
+                                                        *s = '0';
+                                                        break;
+                                                        }
+                                        ++*s++;
+                                        }
+                                break;
+                                }
+                        if (!(value(d) *= 10.))
+                                break;
+                        }
+                goto ret1;
+                }
+
+        m2 = b2;
+        m5 = b5;
+        mhi = mlo = 0;
+        if (leftright) {
+                if (mode < 2) {
+                        i =
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+                                denorm ? be + (Bias + (P-1) - 1 + 1) :
+#endif
+#ifdef IBM
+                                1 + 4*P - 3 - bbits + ((bbits + be - 1) & 3);
+#else
+                                1 + P - bbits;
+#endif
+                        }
+                else {
+                        j = ilim - 1;
+                        if (m5 >= j)
+                                m5 -= j;
+                        else {
+                                s5 += j -= m5;
+                                b5 += j;
+                                m5 = 0;
+                                }
+                        if ((i = ilim) < 0) {
+                                m2 -= i;
+                                i = 0;
+                                }
+                        }
+                b2 += i;
+                s2 += i;
+                mhi = i2b(1);
+                }
+        if (m2 > 0 && s2 > 0) {
+                i = m2 < s2 ? m2 : s2;
+                b2 -= i;
+                m2 -= i;
+                s2 -= i;
+                }
+        if (b5 > 0) {
+                if (leftright) {
+                        if (m5 > 0) {
+                                mhi = pow5mult(mhi, m5);
+                                b1 = mult(mhi, b);
+                                Bfree(b);
+                                b = b1;
+                                }
+                        if (j = b5 - m5)
+                                b = pow5mult(b, j);
+                        }
+                else
+                        b = pow5mult(b, b5);
+                }
+        S = i2b(1);
+        if (s5 > 0)
+                S = pow5mult(S, s5);
+
+        /* Check for special case that d is a normalized power of 2. */
+
+        if (mode < 2) {
+                if (!word1(d) && !(word0(d) & Bndry_mask)
+#ifndef Sudden_Underflow
+                 && word0(d) & Exp_mask
+#endif
+                                ) {
+                        /* The special case */
+                        b2 += Log2P;
+                        s2 += Log2P;
+                        spec_case = 1;
+                        }
+                else
+                        spec_case = 0;
+                }
+
+        /* Arrange for convenient computation of quotients:
+         * shift left if necessary so divisor has 4 leading 0 bits.
+         *
+         * Perhaps we should just compute leading 28 bits of S once
+         * and for all and pass them and a shift to quorem, so it
+         * can do shifts and ors to compute the numerator for q.
+         */
+#ifdef Pack_32
+        if (i = ((s5 ? 32 - hi0bits(S->x[S->wds-1]) : 1) + s2) & 0x1f)
+                i = 32 - i;
+#else
+        if (i = ((s5 ? 32 - hi0bits(S->x[S->wds-1]) : 1) + s2) & 0xf)
+                i = 16 - i;
+#endif
+        if (i > 4) {
+                i -= 4;
+                b2 += i;
+                m2 += i;
+                s2 += i;
+                }
+        else if (i < 4) {
+                i += 28;
+                b2 += i;
+                m2 += i;
+                s2 += i;
+                }
+        if (b2 > 0)
+                b = lshift(b, b2);
+        if (s2 > 0)
+                S = lshift(S, s2);
+        if (k_check) {
+                if (cmp(b,S) < 0) {
+                        k--;
+                        b = multadd(b, 10, 0);  /* we botched the k estimate */
+                        if (leftright)
+                                mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0);
+                        ilim = ilim1;
+                        }
+                }
+        if (ilim <= 0 && mode > 2) {
+                if (ilim < 0 || cmp(b,S = multadd(S,5,0)) <= 0) {
+                        /* no digits, fcvt style */
+ no_digits:
+                        k = -1 - ndigits;
+                        goto ret;
+                        }
+ one_digit:
+                *s++ = '1';
+                k++;
+                goto ret;
+                }
+        if (leftright) {
+                if (m2 > 0)
+                        mhi = lshift(mhi, m2);
+
+                /* Compute mlo -- check for special case
+                 * that d is a normalized power of 2.
+                 */
+
+                mlo = mhi;
+                if (spec_case) {
+                        mhi = Balloc(mhi->k);
+                        Bcopy(mhi, mlo);
+                        mhi = lshift(mhi, Log2P);
+                        }
+
+                for(i = 1;;i++) {
+                        dig = quorem(b,S) + '0';
+                        /* Do we yet have the shortest decimal string
+                         * that will round to d?
+                         */
+                        j = cmp(b, mlo);
+                        delta = diff(S, mhi);
+                        j1 = delta->sign ? 1 : cmp(b, delta);
+                        Bfree(delta);
+#ifndef ROUND_BIASED
+                        if (j1 == 0 && !mode && !(word1(d) & 1)) {
+                                if (dig == '9')
+                                        goto round_9_up;
+                                if (j > 0)
+                                        dig++;
+                                *s++ = dig;
+                                goto ret;
+                                }
+#endif
+                        if (j < 0 || j == 0 && !mode
+#ifndef ROUND_BIASED
+                                                        && !(word1(d) & 1)
+#endif
+                                        ) {
+                                if (j1 > 0) {
+                                        b = lshift(b, 1);
+                                        j1 = cmp(b, S);
+                                        if ((j1 > 0 || j1 == 0 && dig & 1)
+                                        && dig++ == '9')
+                                                goto round_9_up;
+                                        }
+                                *s++ = dig;
+                                goto ret;
+                                }
+                        if (j1 > 0) {
+                                if (dig == '9') { /* possible if i == 1 */
+ round_9_up:
+                                        *s++ = '9';
+                                        goto roundoff;
+                                        }
+                                *s++ = dig + 1;
+                                goto ret;
+                                }
+                        *s++ = dig;
+                        if (i == ilim)
+                                break;
+                        b = multadd(b, 10, 0);
+                        if (mlo == mhi)
+                                mlo = mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0);
+                        else {
+                                mlo = multadd(mlo, 10, 0);
+                                mhi = multadd(mhi, 10, 0);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        else
+                for(i = 1;; i++) {
+                        *s++ = dig = quorem(b,S) + '0';
+                        if (i >= ilim)
+                                break;
+                        b = multadd(b, 10, 0);
+                        }
+
+        /* Round off last digit */
+
+        b = lshift(b, 1);
+        j = cmp(b, S);
+        if (j > 0 || j == 0 && dig & 1) {
+ roundoff:
+                while(*--s == '9')
+                        if (s == s0) {
+                                k++;
+                                *s++ = '1';
+                                goto ret;
+                                }
+                ++*s++;
+                }
+        else {
+                while(*--s == '0');
+                s++;
+                }
+ ret:
+        Bfree(S);
+        if (mhi) {
+                if (mlo && mlo != mhi)
+                        Bfree(mlo);
+                Bfree(mhi);
+                }
+ ret1:
+        Bfree(b);
+        if (s == s0) {                          /* don't return empty string */
+                *s++ = '0';
+                k = 0;
+        }
+        *s = 0;
+        *decpt = k + 1;
+        if (rve)
+                *rve = s;
+        return s0;
+        }
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5bdff0b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.3
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
+.\" on Information Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: strtol.3,v 1.10 2002/06/29 00:20:11 millert Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 25, 1992
+.Dt STRTOL 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm strtol ,
+.Nm strtoll ,
+.Nm strtoq
+.Nd convert string value to a long or long long integer
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Fd #include <limits.h>
+.Ft long
+.Fn strtol "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base"
+.Pp
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Fd #include <limits.h>
+.Ft long long
+.Fn strtoll "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base"
+.Pp
+.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Fd #include <limits.h>
+.Ft quad_t
+.Fn strtoq "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn strtol
+function converts the string in
+.Fa nptr
+to a
+.Li long
+value.
+The
+.Fn strtoll
+function converts the string in
+.Fa nptr
+to a
+.Li long long
+value.
+The
+.Fn strtoq
+function is a deprecated equivalent of
+.Fn strtoll
+and is provided for backwards compatibility with legacy programs.
+The conversion is done according to the given
+.Fa base ,
+which must be a number between 2 and 36 inclusive or the special value 0.
+.Pp
+The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of whitespace
+(as determined by
+.Xr isspace 3 )
+followed by a single optional
+.Ql +
+or
+.Ql -
+sign.
+If
+.Fa base
+is zero or 16, the string may then include a
+.Ql 0x
+prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero
+.Fa base
+is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is
+.Ql 0 ,
+in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
+.Pp
+The remainder of the string is converted to a
+.Li long
+value in the obvious manner,
+stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit
+in the given base.
+(In bases above 10, the letter
+.Ql A
+in either upper or lower case represents 10,
+.Ql B
+represents 11, and so forth, with
+.Ql Z
+representing 35.)
+.Pp
+If
+.Fa endptr
+is non-null,
+.Fn strtol
+stores the address of the first invalid character in
+.Fa *endptr .
+If there were no digits at all, however,
+.Fn strtol
+stores the original value of
+.Fa nptr
+in
+.Fa *endptr .
+(Thus, if
+.Fa *nptr
+is not
+.Ql \e0
+but
+.Fa **endptr
+is
+.Ql \e0
+on return, the entire string was valid.)
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn strtol
+function returns the result of the conversion,
+unless the value would underflow or overflow.
+If an underflow occurs,
+.Fn strtol
+returns
+.Dv LONG_MIN .
+If an overflow occurs,
+.Fn strtol
+returns
+.Dv LONG_MAX .
+In both cases,
+.Va errno
+is set to
+.Er ERANGE .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn strtoll
+function has identical return values except that
+.Dv LLONG_MIN
+and
+.Dv LLONG_MAX
+are used to indicate underflow and overflow respectively.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Ensuring that a string is a valid number (i.e., in range and containing no
+trailing characters) requires clearing
+.Va errno
+beforehand explicitly since
+.Va errno
+is not changed on a successful call to
+.Fn strtol ,
+and the return value of
+.Fn strtol
+cannot be used unambiguously to signal an error:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+char *ep;
+long lval;
+
+\&...
+
+errno = 0;
+lval = strtol(buf, &ep, 10);
+if (buf[0] == '\e0' || *ep != '\e0')
+        goto not_a_number;
+if (errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN))
+        goto out_of_range;
+.Ed
+.Pp
+This example will accept
+.Dq 12
+but not
+.Dq 12foo
+or
+.Dq 12\en .
+If trailing whitespace is acceptable, further checks must be done on
+.Va *ep ;
+alternately, use
+.Xr sscanf 3 .
+.Pp
+If
+.Fn strtol
+is being used instead of
+.Xr atoi 3 ,
+error checking is further complicated because the desired return value is an
+.Li int
+rather than a
+.Li long ;
+however, on some architectures integers and long integers are the same size.
+Thus the following is necessary:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+char *ep;
+int ival;
+long lval;
+
+\&...
+
+errno = 0;
+lval = strtol(buf, &ep, 10);
+if (buf[0] == '\e0' || *ep != '\e0')
+     goto not_a_number;
+if ((errno == ERANGE && (lval == LONG_MAX || lval == LONG_MIN)) ||
+    (lval > INT_MAX || lval < INT_MIN))
+     goto out_of_range;
+ival = lval;
+.Ed
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er ERANGE
+The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr atof 3 ,
+.Xr atoi 3 ,
+.Xr atol 3 ,
+.Xr sscanf 3 ,
+.Xr strtod 3 ,
+.Xr strtoul 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn strtol
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Sh BUGS
+Ignores the current locale.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4ad557fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtol.c
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: strtol.c,v 1.4 1996/08/19 08:33:51 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string to a long integer.
+ *
+ * Ignores `locale' stuff.  Assumes that the upper and lower case
+ * alphabets and digits are each contiguous.
+ */
+long
+strtol(nptr, endptr, base)
+        const char *nptr;
+        char **endptr;
+        register int base;
+{
+        register const char *s;
+        register long acc, cutoff;
+        register int c;
+        register int neg, any, cutlim;
+
+        /*
+         * Skip white space and pick up leading +/- sign if any.
+         * If base is 0, allow 0x for hex and 0 for octal, else
+         * assume decimal; if base is already 16, allow 0x.
+         */
+        s = nptr;
+        do {
+                c = (unsigned char) *s++;
+        } while (isspace(c));
+        if (c == '-') {
+                neg = 1;
+                c = *s++;
+        } else {
+                neg = 0;
+                if (c == '+')
+                        c = *s++;
+        }
+        if ((base == 0 || base == 16) &&
+            c == '0' && (*s == 'x' || *s == 'X')) {
+                c = s[1];
+                s += 2;
+                base = 16;
+        }
+        if (base == 0)
+                base = c == '0' ? 8 : 10;
+
+        /*
+         * Compute the cutoff value between legal numbers and illegal
+         * numbers.  That is the largest legal value, divided by the
+         * base.  An input number that is greater than this value, if
+         * followed by a legal input character, is too big.  One that
+         * is equal to this value may be valid or not; the limit
+         * between valid and invalid numbers is then based on the last
+         * digit.  For instance, if the range for longs is
+         * [-2147483648..2147483647] and the input base is 10,
+         * cutoff will be set to 214748364 and cutlim to either
+         * 7 (neg==0) or 8 (neg==1), meaning that if we have accumulated
+         * a value > 214748364, or equal but the next digit is > 7 (or 8),
+         * the number is too big, and we will return a range error.
+         *
+         * Set any if any `digits' consumed; make it negative to indicate
+         * overflow.
+         */
+        cutoff = neg ? LONG_MIN : LONG_MAX;
+        cutlim = cutoff % base;
+        cutoff /= base;
+        if (neg) {
+                if (cutlim > 0) {
+                        cutlim -= base;
+                        cutoff += 1;
+                }
+                cutlim = -cutlim;
+        }
+        for (acc = 0, any = 0;; c = (unsigned char) *s++) {
+                if (isdigit(c))
+                        c -= '0';
+                else if (isalpha(c))
+                        c -= isupper(c) ? 'A' - 10 : 'a' - 10;
+                else
+                        break;
+                if (c >= base)
+                        break;
+                if (any < 0)
+                        continue;
+                if (neg) {
+                        if (acc < cutoff || acc == cutoff && c > cutlim) {
+                                any = -1;
+                                acc = LONG_MIN;
+                                errno = ERANGE;
+                        } else {
+                                any = 1;
+                                acc *= base;
+                                acc -= c;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        if (acc > cutoff || acc == cutoff && c > cutlim) {
+                                any = -1;
+                                acc = LONG_MAX;
+                                errno = ERANGE;
+                        } else {
+                                any = 1;
+                                acc *= base;
+                                acc += c;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        if (endptr != 0)
+                *endptr = (char *) (any ? s - 1 : nptr);
+        return (acc);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoll.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoll.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0eb6d198c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoll.c
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1992 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static const char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: strtoll.c,v 1.1 2002/06/29 00:20:11 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string to a long long.
+ *
+ * Ignores `locale' stuff.  Assumes that the upper and lower case
+ * alphabets and digits are each contiguous.
+ */
+long long
+strtoll(nptr, endptr, base)
+        const char *nptr;
+        char **endptr;
+        int base;
+{
+        const char *s;
+        long long acc, cutoff;
+        int c;
+        int neg, any, cutlim;
+
+        /*
+         * Skip white space and pick up leading +/- sign if any.
+         * If base is 0, allow 0x for hex and 0 for octal, else
+         * assume decimal; if base is already 16, allow 0x.
+         */
+        s = nptr;
+        do {
+                c = (unsigned char) *s++;
+        } while (isspace(c));
+        if (c == '-') {
+                neg = 1;
+                c = *s++;
+        } else {
+                neg = 0;
+                if (c == '+')
+                        c = *s++;
+        }
+        if ((base == 0 || base == 16) &&
+            c == '0' && (*s == 'x' || *s == 'X')) {
+                c = s[1];
+                s += 2;
+                base = 16;
+        }
+        if (base == 0)
+                base = c == '0' ? 8 : 10;
+
+        /*
+         * Compute the cutoff value between legal numbers and illegal
+         * numbers.  That is the largest legal value, divided by the
+         * base.  An input number that is greater than this value, if
+         * followed by a legal input character, is too big.  One that
+         * is equal to this value may be valid or not; the limit
+         * between valid and invalid numbers is then based on the last
+         * digit.  For instance, if the range for long longs is
+         * [-9223372036854775808..9223372036854775807] and the input base
+         * is 10, cutoff will be set to 922337203685477580 and cutlim to
+         * either 7 (neg==0) or 8 (neg==1), meaning that if we have
+         * accumulated a value > 922337203685477580, or equal but the
+         * next digit is > 7 (or 8), the number is too big, and we will
+         * return a range error.
+         *
+         * Set any if any `digits' consumed; make it negative to indicate
+         * overflow.
+         */
+        cutoff = neg ? LLONG_MIN : LLONG_MAX;
+        cutlim = cutoff % base;
+        cutoff /= base;
+        if (neg) {
+                if (cutlim > 0) {
+                        cutlim -= base;
+                        cutoff += 1;
+                }
+                cutlim = -cutlim;
+        }
+        for (acc = 0, any = 0;; c = (unsigned char) *s++) {
+                if (isdigit(c))
+                        c -= '0';
+                else if (isalpha(c))
+                        c -= isupper(c) ? 'A' - 10 : 'a' - 10;
+                else
+                        break;
+                if (c >= base)
+                        break;
+                if (any < 0)
+                        continue;
+                if (neg) {
+                        if (acc < cutoff || (acc == cutoff && c > cutlim)) {
+                                any = -1;
+                                acc = LLONG_MIN;
+                                errno = ERANGE;
+                        } else {
+                                any = 1;
+                                acc *= base;
+                                acc -= c;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        if (acc > cutoff || (acc == cutoff && c > cutlim)) {
+                                any = -1;
+                                acc = LLONG_MAX;
+                                errno = ERANGE;
+                        } else {
+                                any = 1;
+                                acc *= base;
+                                acc += c;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+        if (endptr != 0)
+                *endptr = (char *) (any ? s - 1 : nptr);
+        return (acc);
+}
+
+#ifdef __weak_alias
+__weak_alias(strtoq, strtoll);
+#else
+quad_t
+strtoq(nptr, endptr, base)
+        const char *nptr;
+        char **endptr;
+        int base;
+{
+
+        return ((quad_t)strtoll(nptr, endptr, base);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d55de4d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.3
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
+.\" on Information Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: strtoul.3,v 1.10 2002/06/29 00:20:11 millert Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 25, 1992
+.Dt STRTOUL 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm strtoul ,
+.Nm strtoull ,
+.Nm strtouq
+.Nd convert a string to an unsigned long or unsigned long long integer
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Fd #include <limits.h>
+.Ft unsigned long
+.Fn strtoul "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base"
+.Pp
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Fd #include <limits.h>
+.Ft unsigned long long
+.Fn strtoull "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base"
+.Pp
+.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Fd #include <limits.h>
+.Ft u_quad_t
+.Fn strtouq "const char *nptr" "char **endptr" "int base"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn strtoul
+function converts the string in
+.Fa nptr
+to an
+.Li unsigned long
+value.
+The
+.Fn strtoull
+function converts the string in
+.Fa nptr
+to an
+.Li unsigned long long
+value.
+The
+.Fn strtouq
+function is a deprecated equivalent of
+.Fn strtoull
+and is provided for backwards compatibility with legacy programs.
+The conversion is done according to the given
+.Fa base ,
+which must be a number between 2 and 36 inclusive
+or the special value 0.
+.Pp
+The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of whitespace
+(as determined by
+.Xr isspace 3 )
+followed by a single optional
+.Ql +
+or
+.Ql -
+sign.
+If
+.Fa base
+is zero or 16, the string may then include a
+.Ql 0x
+prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero
+.Fa base
+is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is
+.Ql 0 ,
+in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).
+.Pp
+The remainder of the string is converted to an
+.Li unsigned long
+value in the obvious manner, stopping at the end of the string
+or at the first character that does not produce a valid digit
+in the given base.
+(In bases above 10, the letter
+.Ql A
+in either upper or lower case represents 10,
+.Ql B
+represents 11, and so forth, with
+.Ql Z
+representing 35.)
+.Pp
+If
+.Fa endptr
+is non-null,
+.Fn strtoul
+stores the address of the first invalid character in
+.Fa *endptr .
+If there were no digits at all, however,
+.Fn strtoul
+stores the original value of
+.Fa nptr
+in
+.Fa *endptr .
+(Thus, if
+.Fa *nptr
+is not
+.Ql \e0
+but
+.Fa **endptr
+is
+.Ql \e0
+on return, the entire string was valid.)
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn strtoul
+function returns the result of the conversion,
+unless the value would overflow, in which case
+.Dv ULONG_MAX
+is returned and
+.Va errno
+is set to
+.Er ERANGE .
+If there was a leading minus sign,
+.Fn strtoul
+returns the (unsigned) negation of the absolute value of the number, unless
+the absolute value would overflow.
+In this case,
+.Fn strtoul
+returns
+.Dv ULONG_MAX
+and sets the global variable
+.Va errno
+to
+.Er ERANGE .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn strtoull
+function has identical return values except that
+.Dv ULLONG_MIN
+and
+.Dv ULLONG_MAX
+are used to indicate underflow and overflow respectively.
+.Pp
+There is no way to determine if
+.Fn strtoul
+has processed a negative number (and returned an unsigned value) short of
+examining the string in
+.Fa nptr
+directly.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Ensuring that a string is a valid number (i.e., in range and containing no
+trailing characters) requires clearing
+.Va errno
+beforehand explicitly since
+.Va errno
+is not changed on a successful call to
+.Fn strtoul ,
+and the return value of
+.Fn strtoul
+cannot be used unambiguously to signal an error:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+char *ep;
+unsigned long ulval;
+
+\&...
+
+errno = 0;
+ulval = strtoul(buf, &ep, 10);
+if (buf[0] == '\e0' || *ep != '\e0')
+        goto not_a_number;
+if (errno == ERANGE && ulval == ULONG_MAX)
+        goto out_of_range;
+.Ed
+.Pp
+This example will accept
+.Dq 12
+but not
+.Dq 12foo
+or
+.Dq 12\en .
+If trailing whitespace is acceptable, further checks must be done on
+.Va *ep ;
+alternately, use
+.Xr sscanf 3 .
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er ERANGE
+The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sscanf 3 ,
+.Xr strtol 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn strtoul
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Sh BUGS
+Ignores the current locale.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d3b363fa04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoul.c
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1990 Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: strtoul.c,v 1.4 1996/08/19 08:33:52 tholo Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.
+ *
+ * Ignores `locale' stuff.  Assumes that the upper and lower case
+ * alphabets and digits are each contiguous.
+ */
+unsigned long
+strtoul(nptr, endptr, base)
+        const char *nptr;
+        char **endptr;
+        register int base;
+{
+        register const char *s;
+        register unsigned long acc, cutoff;
+        register int c;
+        register int neg, any, cutlim;
+
+        /*
+         * See strtol for comments as to the logic used.
+         */
+        s = nptr;
+        do {
+                c = (unsigned char) *s++;
+        } while (isspace(c));
+        if (c == '-') {
+                neg = 1;
+                c = *s++;
+        } else {
+                neg = 0;
+                if (c == '+')
+                        c = *s++;
+        }
+        if ((base == 0 || base == 16) &&
+            c == '0' && (*s == 'x' || *s == 'X')) {
+                c = s[1];
+                s += 2;
+                base = 16;
+        }
+        if (base == 0)
+                base = c == '0' ? 8 : 10;
+
+        cutoff = ULONG_MAX / (unsigned long)base;
+        cutlim = ULONG_MAX % (unsigned long)base;
+        for (acc = 0, any = 0;; c = (unsigned char) *s++) {
+                if (isdigit(c))
+                        c -= '0';
+                else if (isalpha(c))
+                        c -= isupper(c) ? 'A' - 10 : 'a' - 10;
+                else
+                        break;
+                if (c >= base)
+                        break;
+                if (any < 0)
+                        continue;
+                if (acc > cutoff || acc == cutoff && c > cutlim) {
+                        any = -1;
+                        acc = ULONG_MAX;
+                        errno = ERANGE;
+                } else {
+                        any = 1;
+                        acc *= (unsigned long)base;
+                        acc += c;
+                }
+        }
+        if (neg && any > 0)
+                acc = -acc;
+        if (endptr != 0)
+                *endptr = (char *) (any ? s - 1 : nptr);
+        return (acc);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoull.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoull.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b4dd56c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/strtoull.c
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 1992 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static const char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: strtoull.c,v 1.1 2002/06/29 00:20:11 millert Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string to an unsigned long long.
+ *
+ * Ignores `locale' stuff.  Assumes that the upper and lower case
+ * alphabets and digits are each contiguous.
+ */
+unsigned long long
+strtoull(nptr, endptr, base)
+        const char *nptr;
+        char **endptr;
+        int base;
+{
+        const char *s;
+        unsigned long long acc, cutoff;
+        int c;
+        int neg, any, cutlim;
+
+        /*
+         * See strtoq for comments as to the logic used.
+         */
+        s = nptr;
+        do {
+                c = (unsigned char) *s++;
+        } while (isspace(c));
+        if (c == '-') {
+                neg = 1;
+                c = *s++;
+        } else { 
+                neg = 0;
+                if (c == '+')
+                        c = *s++;
+        }
+        if ((base == 0 || base == 16) &&
+            c == '0' && (*s == 'x' || *s == 'X')) {
+                c = s[1];
+                s += 2;
+                base = 16;
+        }
+        if (base == 0)
+                base = c == '0' ? 8 : 10;
+
+        cutoff = ULLONG_MAX / (unsigned long long)base;
+        cutlim = ULLONG_MAX % (unsigned long long)base;
+        for (acc = 0, any = 0;; c = (unsigned char) *s++) {
+                if (isdigit(c))
+                        c -= '0';
+                else if (isalpha(c))
+                        c -= isupper(c) ? 'A' - 10 : 'a' - 10;
+                else
+                        break;
+                if (c >= base)
+                        break;
+                if (any < 0)
+                        continue;
+                if (acc > cutoff || (acc == cutoff && c > cutlim)) {
+                        any = -1;
+                        acc = ULLONG_MAX;
+                        errno = ERANGE;
+                } else {
+                        any = 1;
+                        acc *= (unsigned long long)base;
+                        acc += c;
+                }
+        }
+        if (neg && any > 0)
+                acc = -acc;
+        if (endptr != 0)
+                *endptr = (char *) (any ? s - 1 : nptr);
+        return (acc);
+}
+
+#ifdef __weak_alias
+__weak_alias(strtouq, strtoull);
+#else
+u_quad_t
+strtouq(nptr, endptr, base)
+        const char *nptr;
+        char **endptr;
+        int base;
+{
+
+        return ((u_quad_t)strtoull(nptr, endptr, base);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/system.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/system.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83c6de80e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/system.3
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
+.\"     This product includes software developed by the University of
+.\"     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: system.3,v 1.8 2000/10/06 04:17:51 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 29, 1991
+.Dt SYSTEM 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm system
+.Nd pass a command to the shell
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <stdlib.h>
+.Ft int
+.Fn system "const char *string"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn system
+function hands the argument
+.Fa string
+to the command interpreter
+.Xr sh 1 .
+The calling process waits for the shell to finish executing the command,
+ignoring
+.Dv SIGINT
+and
+.Dv SIGQUIT ,
+and blocking
+.Dv SIGCHLD .
+.Pp
+If
+.Fa string
+is
+.Dv NULL ,
+.Fn system
+will return non-zero.
+Otherwise,
+.Fn system
+returns the termination status of the shell in the format specified by
+.Xr waitpid 2 .
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+If a child process cannot be created, or the termination status of
+the shell cannot be obtained,
+.Fn system
+returns \-1 and sets
+.Va errno
+to indicate the error.
+If execution of the shell fails,
+.Fn system
+returns the termination status for a program that terminates with a call of
+.Fn exit 127 .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr waitpid 2 ,
+.Xr popen 3
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn system
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC
+and
+.St -p1003.2-92 .
+.Sh CAVEATS
+Never supply the
+.Fn system
+function with a command containing any part of an unsanitized user-supplied
+string.
+Shell meta-characters present will be honored by the
+.Xr sh 1
+command interpreter.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/system.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/system.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..636a9ebdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/system.c
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1988 The Regents of the University of California.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ *      This product includes software developed by the University of
+ *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
+static char *rcsid = "$OpenBSD: system.c,v 1.5 2002/05/26 09:29:02 deraadt Exp $";
+#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <paths.h>
+
+extern char **environ;
+
+int
+system(command)
+        const char *command;
+{
+        pid_t pid;
+        sig_t intsave, quitsave;
+        sigset_t mask, omask;
+        int pstat;
+        char *argp[] = {"sh", "-c", NULL, NULL};
+
+        if (!command)           /* just checking... */
+                return(1);
+
+        argp[2] = (char *)command;
+
+        sigemptyset(&mask);
+        sigaddset(&mask, SIGCHLD);
+        sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &omask);
+        switch (pid = vfork()) {
+        case -1:                        /* error */
+                sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+                return(-1);
+        case 0:                         /* child */
+                sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+                execve(_PATH_BSHELL, argp, environ);
+                _exit(127);
+        }
+
+        intsave = signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+        quitsave = signal(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+        pid = waitpid(pid, (int *)&pstat, 0);
+        sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+        (void)signal(SIGINT, intsave);
+        (void)signal(SIGQUIT, quitsave);
+        return (pid == -1 ? -1 : pstat);
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tfind.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tfind.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c3b8c17f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tfind.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Tree search generalized from Knuth (6.2.2) Algorithm T just like
+ * the AT&T man page says.
+ *
+ * The node_t structure is for internal use only, lint doesn't grok it.
+ *
+ * Written by reading the System V Interface Definition, not the code.
+ *
+ * Totally public domain.
+ */
+/*LINTLIBRARY*/
+#include <search.h>
+
+typedef struct node_t
+{
+    char          *key;
+    struct node_t *llink, *rlink;
+} node;
+
+/* find a node, or return 0 */
+void *
+tfind(vkey, vrootp, compar)
+        const void      *vkey;          /* key to be found */
+        void            *const *vrootp; /* address of the tree root */
+        int             (*compar)(const void *, const void *);
+{
+    char *key = (char *)vkey;
+    node **rootp = (node **)vrootp;
+
+    if (rootp == (struct node_t **)0)
+        return ((struct node_t *)0);
+    while (*rootp != (struct node_t *)0) {      /* T1: */
+        int r;
+        if ((r = (*compar)(key, (*rootp)->key)) == 0)   /* T2: */
+            return (*rootp);            /* key found */
+        rootp = (r < 0) ?
+            &(*rootp)->llink :          /* T3: follow left branch */
+            &(*rootp)->rlink;           /* T4: follow right branch */
+    }
+    return (node *)0;
+}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tsearch.3 b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tsearch.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b000a0a8b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tsearch.3
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+.\" AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+.\" THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+.\" EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+.\" PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+.\" OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+.\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     $OpenBSD: tsearch.3,v 1.9 2000/08/09 15:51:21 aaron Exp $
+.\"
+.Dd June 15, 1997
+.Dt TSEARCH 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm tsearch ,
+.Nm tfind ,
+.Nm tdelete ,
+.Nm twalk
+.Nd manipulate binary search trees
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <search.h>
+.Ft void *
+.Fn tdelete "const void *key" "void **rootp" "int (*compar) (const void *, const void *)"
+.Ft void *
+.Fn tfind "const void *key" "void * const *rootp" "int (*compar) (const void *, const void *)"
+.Ft void *
+.Fn tsearch "const void *key" "void **rootp" "int (*compar) (const void *, const void *)"
+.Ft void
+.Fn twalk "const void *root" "void (*action) (const void *, VISIT, int)"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn tdelete ,
+.Fn tfind ,
+.Fn tsearch ,
+and
+.Fn twalk
+functions manage binary search trees based on algorithms T and D
+from Knuth (6.2.2).
+The comparison function passed in by
+the user has the same style of return values as
+.Xr strcmp 3 .
+.Pp
+.Fn tfind
+searches for the datum matched by the argument
+.Fa key
+in the binary tree rooted at
+.Fa rootp ,
+returning a pointer to the datum if it is found and
+.Dv NULL
+if it is not.
+.Pp
+.Fn tsearch
+is identical to
+.Fn tfind
+except that if no match is found,
+.Fa key
+is inserted into the tree and a pointer to it is returned.
+If
+.Fa rootp
+points to a null value a new binary search tree is created.
+.Pp
+.Fn tdelete
+deletes a node from the specified binary search tree and returns
+a pointer to the parent of the node to be deleted.
+It takes the same arguments as
+.Fn tfind
+and
+.Fn tsearch .
+If the node to be deleted is the root of the binary search tree,
+.Fa rootp
+will be adjusted.
+.Pp
+.Fn twalk
+walks the binary search tree rooted in
+.Fa root
+and calls the function
+.Fa action
+on each node.
+.Fa action
+is called with three arguments: a pointer to the current node,
+a value from the enum
+.Sy "typedef enum { preorder, postorder, endorder, leaf } VISIT;"
+specifying the traversal type, and a node level (where level
+zero is the root of the tree).
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr bsearch 3 ,
+.Xr lsearch 3
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn tsearch
+function returns
+.Dv NULL
+if allocation of a new node fails (usually
+due to a lack of free memory).
+.Pp
+.Fn tfind ,
+.Fn tsearch ,
+and
+.Fn tdelete
+return
+.Dv NULL
+if
+.Fa rootp
+is
+.Dv NULL
+or the datum cannot be found.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn twalk
+function returns no value.
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tsearch.c b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tsearch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ad5866172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/stdlib/tsearch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Tree search generalized from Knuth (6.2.2) Algorithm T just like
+ * the AT&T man page says.
+ *
+ * The node_t structure is for internal use only, lint doesn't grok it.
+ *
+ * Written by reading the System V Interface Definition, not the code.
+ *
+ * Totally public domain.
+ */
+/*LINTLIBRARY*/
+
+#include <search.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef struct node_t {
+    char          *key;
+    struct node_t *left, *right;
+} node;
+
+/* find or insert datum into search tree */
+void *
+tsearch(vkey, vrootp, compar)
+        const void      *vkey;          /* key to be located */
+        void            **vrootp;       /* address of tree root */
+        int             (*compar)(const void *, const void *);
+{
+    register node *q;
+    char *key = (char *)vkey;
+    node **rootp = (node **)vrootp;
+
+    if (rootp == (struct node_t **)0)
+        return ((void *)0);
+    while (*rootp != (struct node_t *)0) {      /* Knuth's T1: */
+        int r;
+
+        if ((r = (*compar)(key, (*rootp)->key)) == 0)   /* T2: */
+            return ((void *)*rootp);            /* we found it! */
+        rootp = (r < 0) ?
+            &(*rootp)->left :           /* T3: follow left branch */
+            &(*rootp)->right;           /* T4: follow right branch */
+    }
+    q = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));  /* T5: key not found */
+    if (q != (struct node_t *)0) {      /* make new node */
+        *rootp = q;                     /* link new node to old */
+        q->key = key;                   /* initialize new node */
+        q->left = q->right = (struct node_t *)0;
+    }
+    return ((void *)q);
+}
+
+/* delete node with given key */
+void *
+tdelete(vkey, vrootp, compar)
+        const void      *vkey;          /* key to be deleted */
+        void            **vrootp;       /* address of the root of tree */
+        int             (*compar)(const void *, const void *);
+{
+    node **rootp = (node **)vrootp;
+    char *key = (char *)vkey;
+    node *p;
+    register node *q;
+    register node *r;
+    int cmp;
+
+    if (rootp == (struct node_t **)0 || (p = *rootp) == (struct node_t *)0)
+        return ((struct node_t *)0);
+    while ((cmp = (*compar)(key, (*rootp)->key)) != 0) {
+        p = *rootp;
+        rootp = (cmp < 0) ?
+            &(*rootp)->left :           /* follow left branch */
+            &(*rootp)->right;           /* follow right branch */
+        if (*rootp == (struct node_t *)0)
+            return ((void *)0);         /* key not found */
+    }
+    r = (*rootp)->right;                        /* D1: */
+    if ((q = (*rootp)->left) == (struct node_t *)0)     /* Left (struct node_t *)0? */
+        q = r;
+    else if (r != (struct node_t *)0) {         /* Right link is null? */
+        if (r->left == (struct node_t *)0) {    /* D2: Find successor */
+            r->left = q;
+            q = r;
+        } else {                        /* D3: Find (struct node_t *)0 link */
+            for (q = r->left; q->left != (struct node_t *)0; q = r->left)
+                r = q;
+            r->left = q->right;
+            q->left = (*rootp)->left;
+            q->right = (*rootp)->right;
+        }
+    }
+    free((struct node_t *) *rootp);     /* D4: Free node */
+    *rootp = q;                         /* link parent to new node */
+    return(p);
+}
+
+/* Walk the nodes of a tree */
+static void
+trecurse(root, action, level)
+        register node   *root;          /* Root of the tree to be walked */
+        register void   (*action)();    /* Function to be called at each node */
+        register int    level;
+{
+    if (root->left == (struct node_t *)0 && root->right == (struct node_t *)0)
+        (*action)(root, leaf, level);
+    else {
+        (*action)(root, preorder, level);
+        if (root->left != (struct node_t *)0)
+            trecurse(root->left, action, level + 1);
+        (*action)(root, postorder, level);
+        if (root->right != (struct node_t *)0)
+            trecurse(root->right, action, level + 1);
+        (*action)(root, endorder, level);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Walk the nodes of a tree */
+void
+twalk(vroot, action)
+        const void      *vroot;         /* Root of the tree to be walked */
+        void            (*action)(const void *, VISIT, int);
+{
+    node *root = (node *)vroot;
+
+    if (root != (node *)0 && action != (void(*)())0)
+        trecurse(root, action, 0);
+}