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-.\" $OpenBSD: BIO_s_connect.3,v 1.19 2023/04/30 13:53:54 schwarze Exp $
-.\" full merge up to: OpenSSL 0e474b8b Nov 1 15:45:49 2015 +0100
-.\"
-.\" This file is a derived work.
-.\" The changes are covered by the following Copyright and license:
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
-.\"
-.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
-.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
-.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-.\"
-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
-.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
-.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
-.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
-.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
-.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-.\"
-.\" The original file was written by Dr. Stephen Henson <steve@openssl.org>.
-.\" Copyright (c) 2000, 2015 The OpenSSL Project.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\"
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\"
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
-.\"    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-.\"    distribution.
-.\"
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
-.\"    software must display the following acknowledgment:
-.\"    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
-.\"    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"
-.\"
-.\" 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
-.\"    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
-.\"    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
-.\"    openssl-core@openssl.org.
-.\"
-.\" 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
-.\"    nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
-.\"    permission of the OpenSSL Project.
-.\"
-.\" 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
-.\"    acknowledgment:
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-.\"    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"
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-.\" EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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-.\" ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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-.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
-.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
-.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
-.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
-.\" OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: April 30 2023 $
-.Dt BIO_S_CONNECT 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm BIO_s_connect ,
-.Nm BIO_new_connect ,
-.Nm BIO_set_conn_hostname ,
-.Nm BIO_set_conn_port ,
-.Nm BIO_set_conn_ip ,
-.Nm BIO_set_conn_int_port ,
-.Nm BIO_get_conn_hostname ,
-.Nm BIO_get_conn_port ,
-.Nm BIO_get_conn_ip ,
-.Nm BIO_get_conn_int_port ,
-.Nm BIO_set_nbio ,
-.Nm BIO_do_connect
-.Nd connect BIO
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In openssl/bio.h
-.Ft const BIO_METHOD *
-.Fo BIO_s_connect
-.Fa void
-.Fc
-.Ft BIO *
-.Fo BIO_new_connect
-.Fa "const char *name"
-.Fc
-.Ft long
-.Fo BIO_set_conn_hostname
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fa "char *name"
-.Fc
-.Ft long
-.Fo BIO_set_conn_port
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fa "char *port"
-.Fc
-.Ft long
-.Fo BIO_set_conn_ip
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fa "char *ip"
-.Fc
-.Ft long
-.Fo BIO_set_conn_int_port
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fa "char *port"
-.Fc
-.Ft char *
-.Fo BIO_get_conn_hostname
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fc
-.Ft char *
-.Fo BIO_get_conn_port
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fc
-.Ft char *
-.Fo BIO_get_conn_ip
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fc
-.Ft long
-.Fo BIO_get_conn_int_port
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fc
-.Ft long
-.Fo BIO_set_nbio
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fa "long n"
-.Fc
-.Ft long
-.Fo BIO_do_connect
-.Fa "BIO *b"
-.Fc
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Fn BIO_s_connect
-returns the connect BIO method.
-This is a wrapper around the platform's TCP/IP socket connection routines.
-.Pp
-Using connect BIOs, TCP/IP connections can be made and data
-transferred using only BIO routines.
-In this way any platform specific operations
-are hidden by the BIO abstraction.
-.Pp
-Read and write operations on a connect BIO will perform I/O
-on the underlying connection.
-If no connection is established and the port and hostname (see below)
-is set up properly, then a connection is established first.
-.Pp
-Connect BIOs support
-.Xr BIO_puts 3
-but not
-.Xr BIO_gets 3 .
-.Pp
-If the close flag is set on a connect BIO, then any active connection
-is shutdown and the socket closed when the BIO is freed.
-.Pp
-Calling
-.Xr BIO_reset 3
-on a connect BIO will close any active connection and reset the BIO
-into a state where it can connect to the same host again.
-.Pp
-.Xr BIO_get_fd 3
-places the underlying socket in
-.Fa c
-if it is not
-.Dv NULL
-and also returns the socket.
-If
-.Fa c
-is not
-.Dv NULL ,
-it should be of type
-.Vt "int *" .
-.Pp
-.Xr BIO_set_info_callback 3
-and
-.Xr BIO_callback_ctrl 3
-with a
-.Fa cmd
-of
-.Dv BIO_CTRL_SET_CALLBACK
-save the pointer to the
-.Fa cb
-function internally in
-.Fa b
-and
-.Xr BIO_get_info_callback 3
-retrieves this function pointer.
-If such an info callback is installed, it is invoked whenever
-a state change or error occurs in the connect BIO state machine.
-The arguments of the callback include the new
-.Fa state
-in case of a state change or the old
-.Fa state
-in case of an error and the value
-.Fa res
-that the state machine would return to whatever operation invoked it
-if no info callback had been installed.
-If an info callback is installed, the state machine
-returns the return value of the info callback instead.
-Consequently, the info callback is supposed to usually return
-.Fa res .
-The precise effect of the return value depends on which operation
-the state machine was invoked from.
-Usually, \-1 is used to indicate failure and return values less than
-or equal to zero abort the operation in question, whereas positive
-values indicate success and allow the operation to proceed.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fa state
-constants passed to the callback are named according to
-which operation needs to be performed next.
-They are listed here in the order the states are passed through:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width BIO_CONN_S_BLOCKED_CONNECT -offset 3n -compact
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_BEFORE
-The BIO is idle and no connection has been initiated yet.
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_GET_IP
-The hostname to connect to needs to be converted to an IP address.
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_GET_PORT
-The service name to connect to needs to be converted to a TCP port number.
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_CREATE_SOCKET
-The TCP socket needs to be created with the
-.Xr socket 2
-system call.
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_NBIO
-Socket options may need to be set using
-.Xr fcntl 2
-and
-.Xr setsockopt 2 .
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_CONNECT
-The connection needs to be initiated with the
-.Xr connect 2
-system call.
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_BLOCKED_CONNECT
-The
-.Xr connect 2
-system call would have blocked and needs to be tried again.
-.It Dv BIO_CONN_S_OK
-The connection has been established and can now be used to transfer data.
-.El
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_hostname
-uses the string
-.Fa name
-to set the hostname.
-The hostname can be an IP address.
-The hostname can also include the port in the form
-.Ar hostname : Ns Ar port .
-It is also acceptable to use the forms
-.Ar hostname Ns / Ns Pa any/other/path
-or
-.Ar hostname : Ns Ar port Ns / Ns Pa any/other/path .
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_port
-sets the port to
-.Fa port .
-.Fa port
-is looked up as a service using
-.Xr getaddrinfo 3 .
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_ip
-sets the IP address to
-.Fa ip
-using binary form i.e. four bytes specifying the IP address
-in big-endian form.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_int_port
-sets the port using
-.Fa port .
-.Fa port
-should
-be of type
-.Vt "int *" .
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_hostname
-returns the hostname of the connect BIO or
-.Dv NULL
-if the BIO is initialized but no hostname is set.
-This return value is an internal pointer which should not be modified.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_port
-returns the port as a string.
-This return value is an internal pointer which should not be modified.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_ip
-returns the IP address in binary form.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_int_port
-returns the port as an
-.Vt int .
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_set_nbio
-sets the non-blocking I/O flag to
-.Fa n .
-If
-.Fa n
-is zero then blocking I/O is set.
-If
-.Fa n
-is 1 then non-blocking I/O is set.
-Blocking I/O is the default.
-The call to
-.Fn BIO_set_nbio
-should be made before the connection is established
-because non-blocking I/O is set during the connect process.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_new_connect
-combines
-.Xr BIO_new 3
-and
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_hostname
-into a single call.
-It creates a new connect BIO with
-.Fa name .
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_do_connect
-attempts to connect the supplied BIO.
-It returns 1 if the connection was established successfully.
-A zero or negative value is returned if the connection
-could not be established.
-The call
-.Xr BIO_should_retry 3
-should be used for non-blocking connect BIOs
-to determine if the call should be retried.
-.Pp
-If blocking I/O is set then a non-positive return value from any
-I/O call is caused by an error condition, although a zero return
-will normally mean that the connection was closed.
-.Pp
-If the port name is supplied as part of the host name then this will
-override any value set with
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_port .
-This may be undesirable if the application does not wish to allow
-connection to arbitrary ports.
-This can be avoided by checking for the presence of the
-.Sq \&:
-character in the passed hostname and either indicating an error
-or truncating the string at that point.
-.Pp
-The values returned by
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_hostname ,
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_port ,
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_ip ,
-and
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_int_port
-are updated when a connection attempt is made.
-Before any connection attempt the values returned
-are those set by the application itself.
-.Pp
-Applications do not have to call
-.Fn BIO_do_connect
-but may wish to do so to separate the connection process
-from other I/O processing.
-.Pp
-If non-blocking I/O is set,
-then retries will be requested as appropriate.
-.Pp
-In addition to
-.Xr BIO_should_read 3
-and
-.Xr BIO_should_write 3
-it is also possible for
-.Xr BIO_should_io_special 3
-to be true during the initial connection process with the reason
-.Dv BIO_RR_CONNECT .
-If this is returned, it is an indication
-that a connection attempt would block.
-The application should then take appropriate action to wait
-until the underlying socket has connected and retry the call.
-.Pp
-When a chain containing a connect BIO is copied with
-.Xr BIO_dup_chain 3 ,
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_hostname ,
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_port ,
-.Fn BIO_set_nbio ,
-and
-.Xr BIO_set_info_callback 3
-are called internally to automatically copy the hostname, port,
-non-blocking I/O flag, and info callback from the original BIO object
-to the new one.
-.Pp
-.Xr BIO_ctrl 3
-.Fa cmd
-and
-.Fa larg
-arguments correspond to macros as follows:
-.Bl -column BIO_C_DO_STATE_MACHINE larg BIO_get_conn_hostname(3) -offset 3n
-.It Fa cmd No constant        Ta Fa larg Ta corresponding macro
-.It Dv BIO_C_DO_STATE_MACHINE Ta 0       Ta Fn BIO_do_connect
-.It Dv BIO_C_GET_CONNECT      Ta 0       Ta Fn BIO_get_conn_hostname
-.It                           Ta 1       Ta Fn BIO_get_conn_port
-.It                           Ta 2       Ta Fn BIO_get_conn_ip
-.It                           Ta 3       Ta Fn BIO_get_conn_int_port
-.It Dv BIO_C_GET_FD           Ta 0       Ta Xr BIO_get_fd 3
-.It Dv BIO_C_SET_CONNECT      Ta 0       Ta Fn BIO_set_conn_hostname
-.It                           Ta 1       Ta Fn BIO_set_conn_port
-.It                           Ta 2       Ta Fn BIO_set_conn_ip
-.It                           Ta 3       Ta Fn BIO_set_conn_int_port
-.It Dv BIO_C_SET_NBIO         Ta Fa n    Ta Fn BIO_set_nbio
-.It Dv BIO_CTRL_GET_CLOSE     Ta 0       Ta Xr BIO_get_close 3
-.It Dv BIO_CTRL_RESET         Ta 0       Ta Xr BIO_reset 3
-.It Dv BIO_CTRL_SET_CLOSE     Ta Fa flag Ta Xr BIO_set_close 3
-.El
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-.Fn BIO_s_connect
-returns the connect BIO method.
-.Pp
-When called on a connect BIO object,
-.Xr BIO_method_type 3
-returns the constant
-.Dv BIO_TYPE_CONNECT
-and
-.Xr BIO_method_name 3
-returns a pointer to the static string
-.Qq socket connect .
-.Pp
-.Xr BIO_get_fd 3
-returns the socket or -1 if the BIO has not been initialized.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_hostname ,
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_port ,
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_ip ,
-and
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_int_port
-always return 1.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_hostname
-returns the connected hostname or
-.Dv NULL
-if none is set.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_port
-returns a string representing the connected port or
-.Dv NULL
-if not set.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_ip
-returns a pointer to the connected IP address in binary form
-or all zeros if not set.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_int_port
-returns the connected port or 0 if none was set.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_set_nbio
-always returns 1.
-.Pp
-.Fn BIO_do_connect
-returns 1 if the connection was successfully
-established and 0 or -1 if the connection failed.
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-This example connects to a webserver on the local host and attempts
-to retrieve a page and copy the result to standard output.
-.Bd -literal -offset 2n
-BIO *cbio, *out;
-int len;
-char tmpbuf[1024];
-
-ERR_load_crypto_strings();
-cbio = BIO_new_connect("localhost:http");
-out = BIO_new_fp(stdout, BIO_NOCLOSE);
-if (BIO_do_connect(cbio) <= 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error connecting to server\en");
-        ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
-        /* whatever ... */
-}
-BIO_puts(cbio, "GET / HTTP/1.0\en\en");
-for(;;) {
-        len = BIO_read(cbio, tmpbuf, 1024);
-        if (len <= 0)
-                break;
-        BIO_write(out, tmpbuf, len);
-}
-BIO_free(cbio);
-BIO_free(out);
-.Ed
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr BIO_new 3
-.Sh HISTORY
-.Fn BIO_s_connect ,
-.Fn BIO_new_connect ,
-.Fn BIO_set_nbio ,
-and
-.Fn BIO_do_connect
-first appeared in SSLeay 0.8.0.
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_hostname ,
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_port ,
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_ip ,
-.Fn BIO_set_conn_int_port ,
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_hostname ,
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_port ,
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_ip ,
-and
-.Fn BIO_get_conn_int_port
-first appeared in SSLeay 0.9.0.
-All these functions have been available since
-.Ox 2.4 .