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| 1 | .\" $OpenBSD: OPENSSL_sk_new.3,v 1.13 2024/03/04 09:47:34 tb Exp $ | ||
| 2 | .\" | ||
| 3 | .\" Copyright (c) 2018 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org> | ||
| 4 | .\" | ||
| 5 | .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any | ||
| 6 | .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above | ||
| 7 | .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. | ||
| 8 | .\" | ||
| 9 | .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES | ||
| 10 | .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | ||
| 11 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR | ||
| 12 | .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES | ||
| 13 | .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN | ||
| 14 | .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF | ||
| 15 | .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. | ||
| 16 | .\" | ||
| 17 | .Dd $Mdocdate: March 4 2024 $ | ||
| 18 | .Dt OPENSSL_SK_NEW 3 | ||
| 19 | .Os | ||
| 20 | .Sh NAME | ||
| 21 | .Nm sk_new_null , | ||
| 22 | .Nm sk_new , | ||
| 23 | .Nm sk_set_cmp_func , | ||
| 24 | .Nm sk_dup , | ||
| 25 | .Nm sk_free , | ||
| 26 | .Nm sk_pop_free , | ||
| 27 | .Nm sk_num , | ||
| 28 | .Nm sk_value , | ||
| 29 | .Nm sk_find , | ||
| 30 | .Nm sk_sort , | ||
| 31 | .Nm sk_is_sorted , | ||
| 32 | .Nm sk_push , | ||
| 33 | .Nm sk_unshift , | ||
| 34 | .Nm sk_insert , | ||
| 35 | .Nm sk_set , | ||
| 36 | .Nm sk_pop , | ||
| 37 | .Nm sk_shift , | ||
| 38 | .Nm sk_delete , | ||
| 39 | .Nm sk_delete_ptr , | ||
| 40 | .Nm sk_zero | ||
| 41 | .Nd variable-sized arrays of void pointers, called OpenSSL stacks | ||
| 42 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | ||
| 43 | .In openssl/stack.h | ||
| 44 | .Ft _STACK * | ||
| 45 | .Fn sk_new_null void | ||
| 46 | .Ft _STACK * | ||
| 47 | .Fo sk_new | ||
| 48 | .Fa "int (*compfunc)(const void *, const void *)" | ||
| 49 | .Fc | ||
| 50 | .Ft old_function_pointer | ||
| 51 | .Fo sk_set_cmp_func | ||
| 52 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 53 | .Fa "int (*compfunc)(const void *, const void *)" | ||
| 54 | .Fc | ||
| 55 | .Ft _STACK * | ||
| 56 | .Fo sk_dup | ||
| 57 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 58 | .Fc | ||
| 59 | .Ft void | ||
| 60 | .Fo sk_free | ||
| 61 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 62 | .Fc | ||
| 63 | .Ft void | ||
| 64 | .Fo sk_pop_free | ||
| 65 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 66 | .Fa "void (*freefunc)(void *)" | ||
| 67 | .Fc | ||
| 68 | .Ft int | ||
| 69 | .Fo sk_num | ||
| 70 | .Fa "const _STACK *stack" | ||
| 71 | .Fc | ||
| 72 | .Ft void * | ||
| 73 | .Fo sk_value | ||
| 74 | .Fa "const _STACK *stack" | ||
| 75 | .Fa "int index" | ||
| 76 | .Fc | ||
| 77 | .Ft int | ||
| 78 | .Fo sk_find | ||
| 79 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 80 | .Fa "void *wanted" | ||
| 81 | .Fc | ||
| 82 | .Ft void | ||
| 83 | .Fo sk_sort | ||
| 84 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 85 | .Fc | ||
| 86 | .Ft int | ||
| 87 | .Fo sk_is_sorted | ||
| 88 | .Fa "const _STACK *stack" | ||
| 89 | .Fc | ||
| 90 | .Ft int | ||
| 91 | .Fo sk_push | ||
| 92 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 93 | .Fa "void *new_item" | ||
| 94 | .Fc | ||
| 95 | .Ft int | ||
| 96 | .Fo sk_unshift | ||
| 97 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 98 | .Fa "void *new_item" | ||
| 99 | .Fc | ||
| 100 | .Ft int | ||
| 101 | .Fo sk_insert | ||
| 102 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 103 | .Fa "void *new_item" | ||
| 104 | .Fa "int index" | ||
| 105 | .Fc | ||
| 106 | .Ft void * | ||
| 107 | .Fo sk_set | ||
| 108 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 109 | .Fa "int index" | ||
| 110 | .Fa "void *new_item" | ||
| 111 | .Fc | ||
| 112 | .Ft void * | ||
| 113 | .Fo sk_pop | ||
| 114 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 115 | .Fc | ||
| 116 | .Ft void * | ||
| 117 | .Fo sk_shift | ||
| 118 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 119 | .Fc | ||
| 120 | .Ft void * | ||
| 121 | .Fo sk_delete | ||
| 122 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 123 | .Fa "int index" | ||
| 124 | .Fc | ||
| 125 | .Ft void * | ||
| 126 | .Fo sk_delete_ptr | ||
| 127 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 128 | .Fa "void *wanted" | ||
| 129 | .Fc | ||
| 130 | .Ft void | ||
| 131 | .Fo sk_zero | ||
| 132 | .Fa "_STACK *stack" | ||
| 133 | .Fc | ||
| 134 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | ||
| 135 | OpenSSL introduced an idiosyncratic concept of variable sized arrays | ||
| 136 | of pointers and somewhat misleadingly called such an array a | ||
| 137 | .Dq stack . | ||
| 138 | Intrinsically, and as documented in this manual page, OpenSSL stacks | ||
| 139 | are not type safe but only handle | ||
| 140 | .Vt void * | ||
| 141 | function arguments and return values. | ||
| 142 | .Pp | ||
| 143 | OpenSSL also provides a fragile, unusually complicated system of | ||
| 144 | macro-generated wrappers that offers superficial type safety at the | ||
| 145 | expense of extensive obfuscation, implemented using large amounts | ||
| 146 | of autogenerated code involving exceedingly ugly, nested | ||
| 147 | .Xr cpp 1 | ||
| 148 | macros; see the | ||
| 149 | .Xr STACK_OF 3 | ||
| 150 | manual page for details. | ||
| 151 | .Pp | ||
| 152 | The fundamental data type is the | ||
| 153 | .Vt _STACK | ||
| 154 | structure. | ||
| 155 | It stores a variable number of void pointers | ||
| 156 | and remembers the number of pointers currently stored. | ||
| 157 | It can optionally hold a pointer to a comparison function. | ||
| 158 | As long as no comparison function is installed, the order of pointers | ||
| 159 | is meaningful; as soon as a comparison function is installed, it | ||
| 160 | becomes ill-defined. | ||
| 161 | .Pp | ||
| 162 | .Fn sk_new_null | ||
| 163 | allocates and initializes a new, empty stack. | ||
| 164 | .Fn sk_new | ||
| 165 | is identical except that it also installs | ||
| 166 | .Fa compfunc | ||
| 167 | as the comparison function for the new stack object. | ||
| 168 | .Fn sk_set_cmp_func | ||
| 169 | installs | ||
| 170 | .Fa compfunc | ||
| 171 | for the existing | ||
| 172 | .Fa stack . | ||
| 173 | The | ||
| 174 | .Fa compfunc | ||
| 175 | is allowed to be | ||
| 176 | .Dv NULL , | ||
| 177 | but the | ||
| 178 | .Fa stack | ||
| 179 | is not. | ||
| 180 | .Pp | ||
| 181 | .Fn sk_dup | ||
| 182 | creates a shallow copy of the given | ||
| 183 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 184 | which must not be a | ||
| 185 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 186 | pointer. | ||
| 187 | It neither copies the objects pointed to from the stack nor | ||
| 188 | increases their reference counts, but merely copies the pointers. | ||
| 189 | Extreme care must be taken in order to avoid freeing the memory twice, | ||
| 190 | for example by calling | ||
| 191 | .Fn sk_free | ||
| 192 | on one copy and only calling | ||
| 193 | .Fn sk_pop_free | ||
| 194 | on the other. | ||
| 195 | .Pp | ||
| 196 | .Fn sk_free | ||
| 197 | frees the given | ||
| 198 | .Fa stack . | ||
| 199 | It does not free any of the pointers stored on the stack. | ||
| 200 | Unless these pointers are merely copies of pointers owned by | ||
| 201 | other objects, they must be freed before calling | ||
| 202 | .Fn sk_free , | ||
| 203 | in order to avoid leaking memory. | ||
| 204 | If | ||
| 205 | .Fa stack | ||
| 206 | is a | ||
| 207 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 208 | pointer, no action occurs. | ||
| 209 | .Pp | ||
| 210 | .Fn sk_pop_free | ||
| 211 | is severely misnamed. | ||
| 212 | It does not at all do what one would expect from a function called | ||
| 213 | .Dq pop . | ||
| 214 | Instead, it does the same as | ||
| 215 | .Fn sk_free , | ||
| 216 | except that it also calls the function | ||
| 217 | .Fa freefunc | ||
| 218 | on each of the pointers contained in the | ||
| 219 | .Fa stack . | ||
| 220 | If the calls to | ||
| 221 | .Fa freefunc | ||
| 222 | are intended to free the memory in use by the objects on the stack, | ||
| 223 | ensure that no other pointers to the same objects remain elsewhere. | ||
| 224 | .Pp | ||
| 225 | .Fn sk_find | ||
| 226 | searches the | ||
| 227 | .Fa stack | ||
| 228 | for the | ||
| 229 | .Fa wanted | ||
| 230 | pointer. | ||
| 231 | If the | ||
| 232 | .Fa stack | ||
| 233 | contains more than one copy of the | ||
| 234 | .Fa wanted | ||
| 235 | pointer, only the first match is found. | ||
| 236 | If a comparison function is installed for the stack, the stack is | ||
| 237 | first sorted with | ||
| 238 | .Fn sk_sort , | ||
| 239 | and instead of comparing pointers, two pointers are considered to match | ||
| 240 | if the comparison function returns 0. | ||
| 241 | .Pp | ||
| 242 | .Fn sk_sort | ||
| 243 | sorts the | ||
| 244 | .Fa stack | ||
| 245 | using | ||
| 246 | .Xr qsort 3 | ||
| 247 | and the installed comparison function. | ||
| 248 | If | ||
| 249 | .Fa stack | ||
| 250 | is a | ||
| 251 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 252 | pointer or already considered sorted, no action occurs. | ||
| 253 | This function can only be called if a comparison function is installed. | ||
| 254 | .Pp | ||
| 255 | .Fn sk_is_sorted | ||
| 256 | reports whether the | ||
| 257 | .Fa stack | ||
| 258 | is considered sorted. | ||
| 259 | Calling | ||
| 260 | .Fn sk_new_null | ||
| 261 | or | ||
| 262 | .Fn sk_new , | ||
| 263 | successfully calling | ||
| 264 | .Fn sk_push , | ||
| 265 | .Fn sk_unshift , | ||
| 266 | .Fn sk_insert , | ||
| 267 | or | ||
| 268 | .Fn sk_set , | ||
| 269 | or changing the comparison function sets the state to unsorted. | ||
| 270 | If a comparison function is installed, calling | ||
| 271 | .Fn sk_sort , | ||
| 272 | or | ||
| 273 | .Fn sk_find | ||
| 274 | sets the state to sorted. | ||
| 275 | .Pp | ||
| 276 | .Fn sk_push | ||
| 277 | pushes | ||
| 278 | .Fa new_item | ||
| 279 | onto the end of the | ||
| 280 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 281 | increasing the number of pointers by 1. | ||
| 282 | If | ||
| 283 | .Fa stack | ||
| 284 | is a | ||
| 285 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 286 | pointer, no action occurs. | ||
| 287 | .Pp | ||
| 288 | .Fn sk_unshift | ||
| 289 | inserts | ||
| 290 | .Fa new_item | ||
| 291 | at the beginning of the | ||
| 292 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 293 | such that it gets the index 0. | ||
| 294 | The number of pointers increases by 1. | ||
| 295 | If | ||
| 296 | .Fa stack | ||
| 297 | is a | ||
| 298 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 299 | pointer, no action occurs. | ||
| 300 | .Pp | ||
| 301 | .Fn sk_insert | ||
| 302 | inserts the | ||
| 303 | .Fa new_item | ||
| 304 | into the | ||
| 305 | .Fa stack | ||
| 306 | such that it gets the given | ||
| 307 | .Fa index . | ||
| 308 | If | ||
| 309 | .Fa index | ||
| 310 | is less than 0 or greater than or equal to | ||
| 311 | .Fn sk_num stack , | ||
| 312 | the effect is the same as for | ||
| 313 | .Fn sk_push . | ||
| 314 | If | ||
| 315 | .Fa stack | ||
| 316 | is a | ||
| 317 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 318 | pointer, no action occurs. | ||
| 319 | .Pp | ||
| 320 | .Fn sk_set | ||
| 321 | replaces the pointer with the given | ||
| 322 | .Fa index | ||
| 323 | on the | ||
| 324 | .Fa stack | ||
| 325 | with the | ||
| 326 | .Fa new_item . | ||
| 327 | The old pointer is not freed, | ||
| 328 | which may leak memory if no copy of it exists elsewhere. | ||
| 329 | If | ||
| 330 | .Fa stack | ||
| 331 | is a | ||
| 332 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 333 | pointer or if | ||
| 334 | .Fa index | ||
| 335 | is less than 0 or greater than or equal to | ||
| 336 | .Fn sk_num stack , | ||
| 337 | no action occurs. | ||
| 338 | .Pp | ||
| 339 | .Fn sk_pop | ||
| 340 | and | ||
| 341 | .Fn sk_shift | ||
| 342 | remove the pointer with the highest or lowest index from the | ||
| 343 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 344 | respectively, reducing the number of pointers by 1. | ||
| 345 | If | ||
| 346 | .Fa stack | ||
| 347 | is a | ||
| 348 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 349 | pointer or if it is empty, no action occurs. | ||
| 350 | .Pp | ||
| 351 | .Fn sk_delete | ||
| 352 | removes the pointer with the given | ||
| 353 | .Fa index | ||
| 354 | from the | ||
| 355 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 356 | reducing the number of pointers by 1. | ||
| 357 | If | ||
| 358 | .Fa stack | ||
| 359 | is a | ||
| 360 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 361 | pointer or the | ||
| 362 | .Fa index | ||
| 363 | is less than 0 or greater than or equal to | ||
| 364 | .Fn sk_num stack , | ||
| 365 | no action occurs. | ||
| 366 | .Pp | ||
| 367 | .Fn sk_delete_ptr | ||
| 368 | removes the | ||
| 369 | .Fa wanted | ||
| 370 | pointer from the | ||
| 371 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 372 | reducing the number of pointers by 1 if it is found. | ||
| 373 | It never uses a comparison function | ||
| 374 | but only compares pointers themselves. | ||
| 375 | The | ||
| 376 | .Fa stack | ||
| 377 | pointer must not be | ||
| 378 | .Dv NULL . | ||
| 379 | .Pp | ||
| 380 | .Fn sk_zero | ||
| 381 | removes all pointers from the | ||
| 382 | .Fa stack . | ||
| 383 | It does not free any of the pointers. | ||
| 384 | Unless these pointers are merely copies of pointers owned by other | ||
| 385 | objects, they must be freed before calling | ||
| 386 | .Fn sk_zero , | ||
| 387 | in order to avoid leaking memory. | ||
| 388 | If | ||
| 389 | .Fa stack | ||
| 390 | is a | ||
| 391 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 392 | pointer, no action occurs. | ||
| 393 | .Sh RETURN VALUES | ||
| 394 | .Fn sk_new_null , | ||
| 395 | .Fn sk_new , | ||
| 396 | and | ||
| 397 | .Fn sk_dup | ||
| 398 | return a pointer to the newly allocated stack object or | ||
| 399 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 400 | if insufficient memory is available. | ||
| 401 | .Pp | ||
| 402 | .Fn sk_set_cmp_func | ||
| 403 | returns a pointer to the comparison function | ||
| 404 | that was previously installed for the | ||
| 405 | .Fa stack | ||
| 406 | or | ||
| 407 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 408 | if none was installed. | ||
| 409 | .Pp | ||
| 410 | .Fn sk_num | ||
| 411 | returns the number of pointers currently stored on the | ||
| 412 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 413 | or \-1 if | ||
| 414 | .Fa stack | ||
| 415 | is a | ||
| 416 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 417 | pointer. | ||
| 418 | .Pp | ||
| 419 | .Fn sk_value | ||
| 420 | returns the pointer with the given | ||
| 421 | .Fa index | ||
| 422 | from the | ||
| 423 | .Fa stack , | ||
| 424 | or | ||
| 425 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 426 | if | ||
| 427 | .Fa stack | ||
| 428 | is a | ||
| 429 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 430 | pointer or if the | ||
| 431 | .Fa index | ||
| 432 | is less than 0 or greater than or equal to | ||
| 433 | .Fn sk_num stack . | ||
| 434 | .Pp | ||
| 435 | .Fn sk_find | ||
| 436 | returns the lowest index considered to match or \-1 if | ||
| 437 | .Fa stack | ||
| 438 | is a | ||
| 439 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 440 | pointer or if no match is found. | ||
| 441 | .Pp | ||
| 442 | .Fn sk_is_sorted | ||
| 443 | returns 1 if the | ||
| 444 | .Fa stack | ||
| 445 | is considered sorted or if it is a | ||
| 446 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 447 | pointer, or 0 otherwise. | ||
| 448 | .Pp | ||
| 449 | .Fn sk_push , | ||
| 450 | .Fn sk_unshift , | ||
| 451 | and | ||
| 452 | .Fn sk_insert | ||
| 453 | return the new number of pointers on the | ||
| 454 | .Fa stack | ||
| 455 | or 0 if | ||
| 456 | .Fa stack | ||
| 457 | is a | ||
| 458 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 459 | pointer or if memory allocation fails. | ||
| 460 | .Pp | ||
| 461 | .Fn sk_set | ||
| 462 | returns | ||
| 463 | .Fa new_item | ||
| 464 | or | ||
| 465 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 466 | if | ||
| 467 | .Fa stack | ||
| 468 | is a | ||
| 469 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 470 | pointer or if the | ||
| 471 | .Fa index | ||
| 472 | is less than 0 or greater than or equal to | ||
| 473 | .Fn sk_num stack . | ||
| 474 | .Pp | ||
| 475 | .Fn sk_pop | ||
| 476 | and | ||
| 477 | .Fn sk_shift | ||
| 478 | return the deleted pointer or | ||
| 479 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 480 | if | ||
| 481 | .Fa stack | ||
| 482 | is a | ||
| 483 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 484 | pointer or if it is empty. | ||
| 485 | .Pp | ||
| 486 | .Fn sk_delete | ||
| 487 | returns the deleted pointer or | ||
| 488 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 489 | if | ||
| 490 | .Fa stack | ||
| 491 | is a | ||
| 492 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 493 | pointer or if the | ||
| 494 | .Fa index | ||
| 495 | is less than 0 or greater than or equal to | ||
| 496 | .Fn sk_num stack . | ||
| 497 | .Pp | ||
| 498 | .Fn sk_delete_ptr | ||
| 499 | returns | ||
| 500 | .Fa wanted | ||
| 501 | or | ||
| 502 | .Dv NULL | ||
| 503 | if it is not found. | ||
| 504 | .Sh SEE ALSO | ||
| 505 | .Xr STACK_OF 3 | ||
| 506 | .Sh HISTORY | ||
| 507 | .Fn sk_new_null , | ||
| 508 | .Fn sk_new , | ||
| 509 | .Fn sk_free , | ||
| 510 | .Fn sk_pop_free , | ||
| 511 | .Fn sk_num , | ||
| 512 | .Fn sk_value , | ||
| 513 | .Fn sk_find , | ||
| 514 | .Fn sk_push , | ||
| 515 | .Fn sk_unshift , | ||
| 516 | .Fn sk_insert , | ||
| 517 | .Fn sk_pop , | ||
| 518 | .Fn sk_shift , | ||
| 519 | .Fn sk_delete , | ||
| 520 | and | ||
| 521 | .Fn sk_delete_ptr | ||
| 522 | first appeared in SSLeay 0.5.1. | ||
| 523 | .Fn sk_set_cmp_func , | ||
| 524 | .Fn sk_dup , | ||
| 525 | and | ||
| 526 | .Fn sk_zero | ||
| 527 | first appeared in SSLeay 0.8.0. | ||
| 528 | These functions have been available since | ||
| 529 | .Ox 2.4 . | ||
| 530 | .Pp | ||
| 531 | .Fn sk_set | ||
| 532 | first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.3. | ||
| 533 | .Fn sk_sort | ||
| 534 | first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.4. | ||
| 535 | Both functions have been available since | ||
| 536 | .Ox 2.6 . | ||
| 537 | .Pp | ||
| 538 | .Fn sk_is_sorted | ||
| 539 | first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.7e and has been available since | ||
| 540 | .Ox 3.8 . | ||
| 541 | .Sh BUGS | ||
| 542 | Even if a comparison function is installed, empty stacks and | ||
| 543 | stacks containing a single pointer are sometimes considered | ||
| 544 | sorted and sometimes considered unsorted. | ||
| 545 | .Pp | ||
| 546 | If a comparison function is installed, the concept of | ||
| 547 | .Dq first match | ||
| 548 | in | ||
| 549 | .Fn sk_find | ||
| 550 | is ill-defined because | ||
| 551 | .Xr qsort 3 | ||
| 552 | is not a stable sorting function. | ||
| 553 | It is probably best to only assume that they return an arbitrary match. | ||
