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1#!/usr/bin/env perl
2
3# Ascetic x86_64 AT&T to MASM/NASM assembler translator by <appro>.
4#
5# Why AT&T to MASM and not vice versa? Several reasons. Because AT&T
6# format is way easier to parse. Because it's simpler to "gear" from
7# Unix ABI to Windows one [see cross-reference "card" at the end of
8# file]. Because Linux targets were available first...
9#
10# In addition the script also "distills" code suitable for GNU
11# assembler, so that it can be compiled with more rigid assemblers,
12# such as Solaris /usr/ccs/bin/as.
13#
14# This translator is not designed to convert *arbitrary* assembler
15# code from AT&T format to MASM one. It's designed to convert just
16# enough to provide for dual-ABI OpenSSL modules development...
17# There *are* limitations and you might have to modify your assembler
18# code or this script to achieve the desired result...
19#
20# Currently recognized limitations:
21#
22# - can't use multiple ops per line;
23#
24# Dual-ABI styling rules.
25#
26# 1. Adhere to Unix register and stack layout [see cross-reference
27# ABI "card" at the end for explanation].
28# 2. Forget about "red zone," stick to more traditional blended
29# stack frame allocation. If volatile storage is actually required
30# that is. If not, just leave the stack as is.
31# 3. Functions tagged with ".type name,@function" get crafted with
32# unified Win64 prologue and epilogue automatically. If you want
33# to take care of ABI differences yourself, tag functions as
34# ".type name,@abi-omnipotent" instead.
35# 4. To optimize the Win64 prologue you can specify number of input
36# arguments as ".type name,@function,N." Keep in mind that if N is
37# larger than 6, then you *have to* write "abi-omnipotent" code,
38# because >6 cases can't be addressed with unified prologue.
39# 5. Name local labels as .L*, do *not* use dynamic labels such as 1:
40# (sorry about latter).
41# 6. Don't use [or hand-code with .byte] "rep ret." "ret" mnemonic is
42# required to identify the spots, where to inject Win64 epilogue!
43# But on the pros, it's then prefixed with rep automatically:-)
44# 7. Stick to explicit ip-relative addressing. If you have to use
45# GOTPCREL addressing, stick to mov symbol@GOTPCREL(%rip),%r??.
46# Both are recognized and translated to proper Win64 addressing
47# modes. To support legacy code a synthetic directive, .picmeup,
48# is implemented. It puts address of the *next* instruction into
49# target register, e.g.:
50#
51# .picmeup %rax
52# lea .Label-.(%rax),%rax
53#
54# 8. In order to provide for structured exception handling unified
55# Win64 prologue copies %rsp value to %rax. For further details
56# see SEH paragraph at the end.
57# 9. .init segment is allowed to contain calls to functions only.
58# a. If function accepts more than 4 arguments *and* >4th argument
59# is declared as non 64-bit value, do clear its upper part.
60
61my $flavour = shift;
62my $output = shift;
63if ($flavour =~ /\./) { $output = $flavour; undef $flavour; }
64
65open STDOUT,">$output" || die "can't open $output: $!"
66 if (defined($output));
67
68my $gas=1; $gas=0 if ($output =~ /\.asm$/);
69my $elf=1; $elf=0 if (!$gas);
70my $win64=0;
71my $prefix="";
72my $decor=".L";
73
74my $masmref=8 + 50727*2**-32; # 8.00.50727 shipped with VS2005
75my $masm=0;
76my $PTR=" PTR";
77
78my $nasmref=2.03;
79my $nasm=0;
80
81if ($flavour eq "mingw64") { $gas=1; $elf=0; $win64=1;
82 $prefix=`echo __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__ | $ENV{CC} -E -P -`;
83 chomp($prefix);
84 }
85elsif ($flavour eq "macosx") { $gas=1; $elf=0; $prefix="_"; $decor="L\$"; }
86elsif ($flavour eq "masm") { $gas=0; $elf=0; $masm=$masmref; $win64=1; $decor="\$L\$"; }
87elsif ($flavour eq "nasm") { $gas=0; $elf=0; $nasm=$nasmref; $win64=1; $decor="\$L\$"; $PTR=""; }
88elsif (!$gas)
89{ if ($ENV{ASM} =~ m/nasm/ && `nasm -v` =~ m/version ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/i)
90 { $nasm = $1 + $2*0.01; $PTR=""; }
91 elsif (`ml64 2>&1` =~ m/Version ([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)(\.([0-9]+))?/)
92 { $masm = $1 + $2*2**-16 + $4*2**-32; }
93 die "no assembler found on %PATH" if (!($nasm || $masm));
94 $win64=1;
95 $elf=0;
96 $decor="\$L\$";
97}
98
99my $current_segment;
100my $current_function;
101my %globals;
102
103{ package opcode; # pick up opcodes
104 sub re {
105 my $self = shift; # single instance in enough...
106 local *line = shift;
107 undef $ret;
108
109 if ($line =~ /^([a-z][a-z0-9]*)/i) {
110 $self->{op} = $1;
111 $ret = $self;
112 $line = substr($line,@+[0]); $line =~ s/^\s+//;
113
114 undef $self->{sz};
115 if ($self->{op} =~ /^(movz)x?([bw]).*/) { # movz is pain...
116 $self->{op} = $1;
117 $self->{sz} = $2;
118 } elsif ($self->{op} =~ /call|jmp/) {
119 $self->{sz} = "";
120 } elsif ($self->{op} =~ /^p/ && $' !~ /^(ush|op|insrw)/) { # SSEn
121 $self->{sz} = "";
122 } elsif ($self->{op} =~ /^v/) { # VEX
123 $self->{sz} = "";
124 } elsif ($self->{op} =~ /mov[dq]/ && $line =~ /%xmm/) {
125 $self->{sz} = "";
126 } elsif ($self->{op} =~ /([a-z]{3,})([qlwb])$/) {
127 $self->{op} = $1;
128 $self->{sz} = $2;
129 }
130 }
131 $ret;
132 }
133 sub size {
134 my $self = shift;
135 my $sz = shift;
136 $self->{sz} = $sz if (defined($sz) && !defined($self->{sz}));
137 $self->{sz};
138 }
139 sub out {
140 my $self = shift;
141 if ($gas) {
142 if ($self->{op} eq "movz") { # movz is pain...
143 sprintf "%s%s%s",$self->{op},$self->{sz},shift;
144 } elsif ($self->{op} =~ /^set/) {
145 "$self->{op}";
146 } elsif ($self->{op} eq "ret") {
147 my $epilogue = "";
148 if ($win64 && $current_function->{abi} eq "svr4") {
149 $epilogue = "movq 8(%rsp),%rdi\n\t" .
150 "movq 16(%rsp),%rsi\n\t";
151 }
152 $epilogue . "retq";
153 } elsif ($self->{op} eq "call" && !$elf && $current_segment eq ".init") {
154 ".p2align\t3\n\t.quad";
155 } else {
156 "$self->{op}$self->{sz}";
157 }
158 } else {
159 $self->{op} =~ s/^movz/movzx/;
160 if ($self->{op} eq "ret") {
161 $self->{op} = "";
162 if ($win64 && $current_function->{abi} eq "svr4") {
163 $self->{op} = "mov rdi,QWORD${PTR}[8+rsp]\t;WIN64 epilogue\n\t".
164 "mov rsi,QWORD${PTR}[16+rsp]\n\t";
165 }
166 $self->{op} .= "DB\t0F3h,0C3h\t\t;repret";
167 } elsif ($self->{op} =~ /^(pop|push)f/) {
168 $self->{op} .= $self->{sz};
169 } elsif ($self->{op} eq "call" && $current_segment eq ".CRT\$XCU") {
170 $self->{op} = "\tDQ";
171 }
172 $self->{op};
173 }
174 }
175 sub mnemonic {
176 my $self=shift;
177 my $op=shift;
178 $self->{op}=$op if (defined($op));
179 $self->{op};
180 }
181}
182{ package const; # pick up constants, which start with $
183 sub re {
184 my $self = shift; # single instance in enough...
185 local *line = shift;
186 undef $ret;
187
188 if ($line =~ /^\$([^,]+)/) {
189 $self->{value} = $1;
190 $ret = $self;
191 $line = substr($line,@+[0]); $line =~ s/^\s+//;
192 }
193 $ret;
194 }
195 sub out {
196 my $self = shift;
197
198 if ($gas) {
199 # Solaris /usr/ccs/bin/as can't handle multiplications
200 # in $self->{value}
201 $self->{value} =~ s/(?<![\w\$\.])(0x?[0-9a-f]+)/oct($1)/egi;
202 $self->{value} =~ s/([0-9]+\s*[\*\/\%]\s*[0-9]+)/eval($1)/eg;
203 sprintf "\$%s",$self->{value};
204 } else {
205 $self->{value} =~ s/(0b[0-1]+)/oct($1)/eig;
206 $self->{value} =~ s/0x([0-9a-f]+)/0$1h/ig if ($masm);
207 sprintf "%s",$self->{value};
208 }
209 }
210}
211{ package ea; # pick up effective addresses: expr(%reg,%reg,scale)
212 sub re {
213 my $self = shift; # single instance in enough...
214 local *line = shift;
215 undef $ret;
216
217 # optional * ---vvv--- appears in indirect jmp/call
218 if ($line =~ /^(\*?)([^\(,]*)\(([%\w,]+)\)/) {
219 $self->{asterisk} = $1;
220 $self->{label} = $2;
221 ($self->{base},$self->{index},$self->{scale})=split(/,/,$3);
222 $self->{scale} = 1 if (!defined($self->{scale}));
223 $ret = $self;
224 $line = substr($line,@+[0]); $line =~ s/^\s+//;
225
226 if ($win64 && $self->{label} =~ s/\@GOTPCREL//) {
227 die if (opcode->mnemonic() ne "mov");
228 opcode->mnemonic("lea");
229 }
230 $self->{base} =~ s/^%//;
231 $self->{index} =~ s/^%// if (defined($self->{index}));
232 }
233 $ret;
234 }
235 sub size {}
236 sub out {
237 my $self = shift;
238 my $sz = shift;
239
240 $self->{label} =~ s/([_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)/$globals{$1} or $1/gei;
241 $self->{label} =~ s/\.L/$decor/g;
242
243 # Silently convert all EAs to 64-bit. This is required for
244 # elder GNU assembler and results in more compact code,
245 # *but* most importantly AES module depends on this feature!
246 $self->{index} =~ s/^[er](.?[0-9xpi])[d]?$/r\1/;
247 $self->{base} =~ s/^[er](.?[0-9xpi])[d]?$/r\1/;
248
249 # Solaris /usr/ccs/bin/as can't handle multiplications
250 # in $self->{label}, new gas requires sign extension...
251 use integer;
252 $self->{label} =~ s/(?<![\w\$\.])(0x?[0-9a-f]+)/oct($1)/egi;
253 $self->{label} =~ s/([0-9]+\s*[\*\/\%]\s*[0-9]+)/eval($1)/eg;
254 $self->{label} =~ s/([0-9]+)/$1<<32>>32/eg;
255
256 if ($gas) {
257 $self->{label} =~ s/^___imp_/__imp__/ if ($flavour eq "mingw64");
258
259 if (defined($self->{index})) {
260 sprintf "%s%s(%s,%%%s,%d)",$self->{asterisk},
261 $self->{label},
262 $self->{base}?"%$self->{base}":"",
263 $self->{index},$self->{scale};
264 } else {
265 sprintf "%s%s(%%%s)", $self->{asterisk},$self->{label},$self->{base};
266 }
267 } else {
268 %szmap = ( b=>"BYTE$PTR", w=>"WORD$PTR", l=>"DWORD$PTR",
269 q=>"QWORD$PTR",o=>"OWORD$PTR",x=>"XMMWORD$PTR" );
270
271 $self->{label} =~ s/\./\$/g;
272 $self->{label} =~ s/(?<![\w\$\.])0x([0-9a-f]+)/0$1h/ig;
273 $self->{label} = "($self->{label})" if ($self->{label} =~ /[\*\+\-\/]/);
274 $sz="q" if ($self->{asterisk} || opcode->mnemonic() eq "movq");
275 $sz="l" if (opcode->mnemonic() eq "movd");
276
277 if (defined($self->{index})) {
278 sprintf "%s[%s%s*%d%s]",$szmap{$sz},
279 $self->{label}?"$self->{label}+":"",
280 $self->{index},$self->{scale},
281 $self->{base}?"+$self->{base}":"";
282 } elsif ($self->{base} eq "rip") {
283 sprintf "%s[%s]",$szmap{$sz},$self->{label};
284 } else {
285 sprintf "%s[%s%s]",$szmap{$sz},
286 $self->{label}?"$self->{label}+":"",
287 $self->{base};
288 }
289 }
290 }
291}
292{ package register; # pick up registers, which start with %.
293 sub re {
294 my $class = shift; # multiple instances...
295 my $self = {};
296 local *line = shift;
297 undef $ret;
298
299 # optional * ---vvv--- appears in indirect jmp/call
300 if ($line =~ /^(\*?)%(\w+)/) {
301 bless $self,$class;
302 $self->{asterisk} = $1;
303 $self->{value} = $2;
304 $ret = $self;
305 $line = substr($line,@+[0]); $line =~ s/^\s+//;
306 }
307 $ret;
308 }
309 sub size {
310 my $self = shift;
311 undef $ret;
312
313 if ($self->{value} =~ /^r[\d]+b$/i) { $ret="b"; }
314 elsif ($self->{value} =~ /^r[\d]+w$/i) { $ret="w"; }
315 elsif ($self->{value} =~ /^r[\d]+d$/i) { $ret="l"; }
316 elsif ($self->{value} =~ /^r[\w]+$/i) { $ret="q"; }
317 elsif ($self->{value} =~ /^[a-d][hl]$/i){ $ret="b"; }
318 elsif ($self->{value} =~ /^[\w]{2}l$/i) { $ret="b"; }
319 elsif ($self->{value} =~ /^[\w]{2}$/i) { $ret="w"; }
320 elsif ($self->{value} =~ /^e[a-z]{2}$/i){ $ret="l"; }
321
322 $ret;
323 }
324 sub out {
325 my $self = shift;
326 if ($gas) { sprintf "%s%%%s",$self->{asterisk},$self->{value}; }
327 else { $self->{value}; }
328 }
329}
330{ package label; # pick up labels, which end with :
331 sub re {
332 my $self = shift; # single instance is enough...
333 local *line = shift;
334 undef $ret;
335
336 if ($line =~ /(^[\.\w]+)\:/) {
337 $self->{value} = $1;
338 $ret = $self;
339 $line = substr($line,@+[0]); $line =~ s/^\s+//;
340
341 $self->{value} =~ s/^\.L/$decor/;
342 }
343 $ret;
344 }
345 sub out {
346 my $self = shift;
347
348 if ($gas) {
349 my $func = ($globals{$self->{value}} or $self->{value}) . ":";
350 if ($win64 &&
351 $current_function->{name} eq $self->{value} &&
352 $current_function->{abi} eq "svr4") {
353 $func .= "\n";
354 $func .= " movq %rdi,8(%rsp)\n";
355 $func .= " movq %rsi,16(%rsp)\n";
356 $func .= " movq %rsp,%rax\n";
357 $func .= "${decor}SEH_begin_$current_function->{name}:\n";
358 my $narg = $current_function->{narg};
359 $narg=6 if (!defined($narg));
360 $func .= " movq %rcx,%rdi\n" if ($narg>0);
361 $func .= " movq %rdx,%rsi\n" if ($narg>1);
362 $func .= " movq %r8,%rdx\n" if ($narg>2);
363 $func .= " movq %r9,%rcx\n" if ($narg>3);
364 $func .= " movq 40(%rsp),%r8\n" if ($narg>4);
365 $func .= " movq 48(%rsp),%r9\n" if ($narg>5);
366 }
367 $func;
368 } elsif ($self->{value} ne "$current_function->{name}") {
369 $self->{value} .= ":" if ($masm && $ret!~m/^\$/);
370 $self->{value} . ":";
371 } elsif ($win64 && $current_function->{abi} eq "svr4") {
372 my $func = "$current_function->{name}" .
373 ($nasm ? ":" : "\tPROC $current_function->{scope}") .
374 "\n";
375 $func .= " mov QWORD${PTR}[8+rsp],rdi\t;WIN64 prologue\n";
376 $func .= " mov QWORD${PTR}[16+rsp],rsi\n";
377 $func .= " mov rax,rsp\n";
378 $func .= "${decor}SEH_begin_$current_function->{name}:";
379 $func .= ":" if ($masm);
380 $func .= "\n";
381 my $narg = $current_function->{narg};
382 $narg=6 if (!defined($narg));
383 $func .= " mov rdi,rcx\n" if ($narg>0);
384 $func .= " mov rsi,rdx\n" if ($narg>1);
385 $func .= " mov rdx,r8\n" if ($narg>2);
386 $func .= " mov rcx,r9\n" if ($narg>3);
387 $func .= " mov r8,QWORD${PTR}[40+rsp]\n" if ($narg>4);
388 $func .= " mov r9,QWORD${PTR}[48+rsp]\n" if ($narg>5);
389 $func .= "\n";
390 } else {
391 "$current_function->{name}".
392 ($nasm ? ":" : "\tPROC $current_function->{scope}");
393 }
394 }
395}
396{ package expr; # pick up expressions
397 sub re {
398 my $self = shift; # single instance is enough...
399 local *line = shift;
400 undef $ret;
401
402 if ($line =~ /(^[^,]+)/) {
403 $self->{value} = $1;
404 $ret = $self;
405 $line = substr($line,@+[0]); $line =~ s/^\s+//;
406
407 $self->{value} =~ s/\@PLT// if (!$elf);
408 $self->{value} =~ s/([_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)/$globals{$1} or $1/gei;
409 $self->{value} =~ s/\.L/$decor/g;
410 }
411 $ret;
412 }
413 sub out {
414 my $self = shift;
415 if ($nasm && opcode->mnemonic()=~m/^j/) {
416 "NEAR ".$self->{value};
417 } else {
418 $self->{value};
419 }
420 }
421}
422{ package directive; # pick up directives, which start with .
423 sub re {
424 my $self = shift; # single instance is enough...
425 local *line = shift;
426 undef $ret;
427 my $dir;
428 my %opcode = # lea 2f-1f(%rip),%dst; 1: nop; 2:
429 ( "%rax"=>0x01058d48, "%rcx"=>0x010d8d48,
430 "%rdx"=>0x01158d48, "%rbx"=>0x011d8d48,
431 "%rsp"=>0x01258d48, "%rbp"=>0x012d8d48,
432 "%rsi"=>0x01358d48, "%rdi"=>0x013d8d48,
433 "%r8" =>0x01058d4c, "%r9" =>0x010d8d4c,
434 "%r10"=>0x01158d4c, "%r11"=>0x011d8d4c,
435 "%r12"=>0x01258d4c, "%r13"=>0x012d8d4c,
436 "%r14"=>0x01358d4c, "%r15"=>0x013d8d4c );
437
438 if ($line =~ /^\s*(\.\w+)/) {
439 $dir = $1;
440 $ret = $self;
441 undef $self->{value};
442 $line = substr($line,@+[0]); $line =~ s/^\s+//;
443
444 SWITCH: for ($dir) {
445 /\.picmeup/ && do { if ($line =~ /(%r[\w]+)/i) {
446 $dir="\t.long";
447 $line=sprintf "0x%x,0x90000000",$opcode{$1};
448 }
449 last;
450 };
451 /\.global|\.globl|\.extern/
452 && do { $globals{$line} = $prefix . $line;
453 $line = $globals{$line} if ($prefix);
454 last;
455 };
456 /\.type/ && do { ($sym,$type,$narg) = split(',',$line);
457 if ($type eq "\@function") {
458 undef $current_function;
459 $current_function->{name} = $sym;
460 $current_function->{abi} = "svr4";
461 $current_function->{narg} = $narg;
462 $current_function->{scope} = defined($globals{$sym})?"PUBLIC":"PRIVATE";
463 } elsif ($type eq "\@abi-omnipotent") {
464 undef $current_function;
465 $current_function->{name} = $sym;
466 $current_function->{scope} = defined($globals{$sym})?"PUBLIC":"PRIVATE";
467 }
468 $line =~ s/\@abi\-omnipotent/\@function/;
469 $line =~ s/\@function.*/\@function/;
470 last;
471 };
472 /\.asciz/ && do { if ($line =~ /^"(.*)"$/) {
473 $dir = ".byte";
474 $line = join(",",unpack("C*",$1),0);
475 }
476 last;
477 };
478 /\.rva|\.long|\.quad/
479 && do { $line =~ s/([_a-z][_a-z0-9]*)/$globals{$1} or $1/gei;
480 $line =~ s/\.L/$decor/g;
481 last;
482 };
483 }
484
485 if ($gas) {
486 $self->{value} = $dir . "\t" . $line;
487
488 if ($dir =~ /\.extern/) {
489 $self->{value} = ""; # swallow extern
490 } elsif (!$elf && $dir =~ /\.type/) {
491 $self->{value} = "";
492 $self->{value} = ".def\t" . ($globals{$1} or $1) . ";\t" .
493 (defined($globals{$1})?".scl 2;":".scl 3;") .
494 "\t.type 32;\t.endef"
495 if ($win64 && $line =~ /([^,]+),\@function/);
496 } elsif (!$elf && $dir =~ /\.size/) {
497 $self->{value} = "";
498 if (defined($current_function)) {
499 $self->{value} .= "${decor}SEH_end_$current_function->{name}:"
500 if ($win64 && $current_function->{abi} eq "svr4");
501 undef $current_function;
502 }
503 } elsif (!$elf && $dir =~ /\.align/) {
504 $self->{value} = ".p2align\t" . (log($line)/log(2));
505 } elsif ($dir eq ".section") {
506 $current_segment=$line;
507 if (!$elf && $current_segment eq ".rodata") {
508 if ($flavour eq "macosx") { $self->{value} = ".section\t__DATA,__const"; }
509 }
510 if (!$elf && $current_segment eq ".init") {
511 if ($flavour eq "macosx") { $self->{value} = ".mod_init_func"; }
512 elsif ($flavour eq "mingw64") { $self->{value} = ".section\t.ctors"; }
513 }
514 } elsif ($dir =~ /\.(text|data)/) {
515 $current_segment=".$1";
516 } elsif ($dir =~ /\.hidden/) {
517 if ($flavour eq "macosx") { $self->{value} = ".private_extern\t$prefix$line"; }
518 elsif ($flavour eq "mingw64") { $self->{value} = ""; }
519 } elsif ($dir =~ /\.comm/) {
520 $self->{value} = "$dir\t$prefix$line";
521 $self->{value} =~ s|,([0-9]+),([0-9]+)$|",$1,".log($2)/log(2)|e if ($flavour eq "macosx");
522 }
523 $line = "";
524 return $self;
525 }
526
527 # non-gas case or nasm/masm
528 SWITCH: for ($dir) {
529 /\.text/ && do { my $v=undef;
530 if ($nasm) {
531 $v="section .text code align=64\n";
532 } else {
533 $v="$current_segment\tENDS\n" if ($current_segment);
534 $current_segment = ".text\$";
535 $v.="$current_segment\tSEGMENT ";
536 $v.=$masm>=$masmref ? "ALIGN(64)" : "PAGE";
537 $v.=" 'CODE'";
538 }
539 $self->{value} = $v;
540 last;
541 };
542 /\.data/ && do { my $v=undef;
543 if ($nasm) {
544 $v="section .data data align=8\n";
545 } else {
546 $v="$current_segment\tENDS\n" if ($current_segment);
547 $current_segment = "_DATA";
548 $v.="$current_segment\tSEGMENT";
549 }
550 $self->{value} = $v;
551 last;
552 };
553 /\.section/ && do { my $v=undef;
554 $line =~ s/([^,]*).*/$1/;
555 $line = ".CRT\$XCU" if ($line eq ".init");
556 $line = ".rdata" if ($line eq ".rodata");
557 if ($nasm) {
558 $v="section $line";
559 if ($line=~/\.([prx])data/) {
560 $v.=" rdata align=";
561 $v.=$1 eq "p"? 4 : 8;
562 } elsif ($line=~/\.CRT\$/i) {
563 $v.=" rdata align=8";
564 }
565 } else {
566 $v="$current_segment\tENDS\n" if ($current_segment);
567 $v.="$line\tSEGMENT";
568 if ($line=~/\.([prx])data/) {
569 $v.=" READONLY";
570 if ($masm>=$masmref) {
571 if ($1 eq "r") {
572 $v.=" ALIGN(64)";
573 } elsif ($1 eq "p") {
574 $v.=" ALIGN(4)";
575 } else {
576 $v.=" ALIGN(8)";
577 }
578 }
579 } elsif ($line=~/\.CRT\$/i) {
580 $v.=" READONLY ";
581 $v.=$masm>=$masmref ? "ALIGN(8)" : "DWORD";
582 }
583 }
584 $current_segment = $line;
585 $self->{value} = $v;
586 last;
587 };
588 /\.extern/ && do { $self->{value} = "EXTERN\t".$line;
589 $self->{value} .= ":NEAR" if ($masm);
590 last;
591 };
592 /\.globl|.global/
593 && do { $self->{value} = $masm?"PUBLIC":"global";
594 $self->{value} .= "\t".$line;
595 last;
596 };
597 /\.size/ && do { if (defined($current_function)) {
598 undef $self->{value};
599 if ($current_function->{abi} eq "svr4") {
600 $self->{value}="${decor}SEH_end_$current_function->{name}:";
601 $self->{value}.=":\n" if($masm);
602 }
603 $self->{value}.="$current_function->{name}\tENDP" if($masm && $current_function->{name});
604 undef $current_function;
605 }
606 last;
607 };
608 /\.align/ && do { $self->{value} = "ALIGN\t".$line; last; };
609 /\.(value|long|rva|quad)/
610 && do { my $sz = substr($1,0,1);
611 my @arr = split(/,\s*/,$line);
612 my $last = pop(@arr);
613 my $conv = sub { my $var=shift;
614 $var=~s/^(0b[0-1]+)/oct($1)/eig;
615 $var=~s/^0x([0-9a-f]+)/0$1h/ig if ($masm);
616 if ($sz eq "D" && ($current_segment=~/.[px]data/ || $dir eq ".rva"))
617 { $var=~s/([_a-z\$\@][_a-z0-9\$\@]*)/$nasm?"$1 wrt ..imagebase":"imagerel $1"/egi; }
618 $var;
619 };
620
621 $sz =~ tr/bvlrq/BWDDQ/;
622 $self->{value} = "\tD$sz\t";
623 for (@arr) { $self->{value} .= &$conv($_).","; }
624 $self->{value} .= &$conv($last);
625 last;
626 };
627 /\.byte/ && do { my @str=split(/,\s*/,$line);
628 map(s/(0b[0-1]+)/oct($1)/eig,@str);
629 map(s/0x([0-9a-f]+)/0$1h/ig,@str) if ($masm);
630 while ($#str>15) {
631 $self->{value}.="DB\t"
632 .join(",",@str[0..15])."\n";
633 foreach (0..15) { shift @str; }
634 }
635 $self->{value}.="DB\t"
636 .join(",",@str) if (@str);
637 last;
638 };
639 /\.comm/ && do { my @str=split(/,\s*/,$line);
640 my $v=undef;
641 if ($nasm) {
642 $v.="common $prefix@str[0] @str[1]";
643 } else {
644 $v="$current_segment\tENDS\n" if ($current_segment);
645 $current_segment = "_DATA";
646 $v.="$current_segment\tSEGMENT\n";
647 $v.="COMM @str[0]:DWORD:".@str[1]/4;
648 }
649 $self->{value} = $v;
650 last;
651 };
652 }
653 $line = "";
654 }
655
656 $ret;
657 }
658 sub out {
659 my $self = shift;
660 $self->{value};
661 }
662}
663
664sub rex {
665 local *opcode=shift;
666 my ($dst,$src,$rex)=@_;
667
668 $rex|=0x04 if($dst>=8);
669 $rex|=0x01 if($src>=8);
670 push @opcode,($rex|0x40) if ($rex);
671}
672
673# older gas and ml64 don't handle SSE>2 instructions
674my %regrm = ( "%eax"=>0, "%ecx"=>1, "%edx"=>2, "%ebx"=>3,
675 "%esp"=>4, "%ebp"=>5, "%esi"=>6, "%edi"=>7 );
676
677if ($flavour ne "openbsd") {
678
679$movq = sub { # elderly gas can't handle inter-register movq
680 my $arg = shift;
681 my @opcode=(0x66);
682 if ($arg =~ /%xmm([0-9]+),\s*%r(\w+)/) {
683 my ($src,$dst)=($1,$2);
684 if ($dst !~ /[0-9]+/) { $dst = $regrm{"%e$dst"}; }
685 rex(\@opcode,$src,$dst,0x8);
686 push @opcode,0x0f,0x7e;
687 push @opcode,0xc0|(($src&7)<<3)|($dst&7); # ModR/M
688 @opcode;
689 } elsif ($arg =~ /%r(\w+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+)/) {
690 my ($src,$dst)=($2,$1);
691 if ($dst !~ /[0-9]+/) { $dst = $regrm{"%e$dst"}; }
692 rex(\@opcode,$src,$dst,0x8);
693 push @opcode,0x0f,0x6e;
694 push @opcode,0xc0|(($src&7)<<3)|($dst&7); # ModR/M
695 @opcode;
696 } else {
697 ();
698 }
699};
700
701}
702
703my $pextrd = sub {
704 if (shift =~ /\$([0-9]+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+),\s*(%\w+)/) {
705 my @opcode=(0x66);
706 $imm=$1;
707 $src=$2;
708 $dst=$3;
709 if ($dst =~ /%r([0-9]+)d/) { $dst = $1; }
710 elsif ($dst =~ /%e/) { $dst = $regrm{$dst}; }
711 rex(\@opcode,$src,$dst);
712 push @opcode,0x0f,0x3a,0x16;
713 push @opcode,0xc0|(($src&7)<<3)|($dst&7); # ModR/M
714 push @opcode,$imm;
715 @opcode;
716 } else {
717 ();
718 }
719};
720
721my $pinsrd = sub {
722 if (shift =~ /\$([0-9]+),\s*(%\w+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+)/) {
723 my @opcode=(0x66);
724 $imm=$1;
725 $src=$2;
726 $dst=$3;
727 if ($src =~ /%r([0-9]+)/) { $src = $1; }
728 elsif ($src =~ /%e/) { $src = $regrm{$src}; }
729 rex(\@opcode,$dst,$src);
730 push @opcode,0x0f,0x3a,0x22;
731 push @opcode,0xc0|(($dst&7)<<3)|($src&7); # ModR/M
732 push @opcode,$imm;
733 @opcode;
734 } else {
735 ();
736 }
737};
738
739if ($flavour ne "openbsd") {
740
741$pshufb = sub {
742 if (shift =~ /%xmm([0-9]+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+)/) {
743 my @opcode=(0x66);
744 rex(\@opcode,$2,$1);
745 push @opcode,0x0f,0x38,0x00;
746 push @opcode,0xc0|($1&7)|(($2&7)<<3); # ModR/M
747 @opcode;
748 } else {
749 ();
750 }
751};
752
753$palignr = sub {
754 if (shift =~ /\$([0-9]+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+)/) {
755 my @opcode=(0x66);
756 rex(\@opcode,$3,$2);
757 push @opcode,0x0f,0x3a,0x0f;
758 push @opcode,0xc0|($2&7)|(($3&7)<<3); # ModR/M
759 push @opcode,$1;
760 @opcode;
761 } else {
762 ();
763 }
764};
765
766$pclmulqdq = sub {
767 if (shift =~ /\$([x0-9a-f]+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+),\s*%xmm([0-9]+)/) {
768 my @opcode=(0x66);
769 rex(\@opcode,$3,$2);
770 push @opcode,0x0f,0x3a,0x44;
771 push @opcode,0xc0|($2&7)|(($3&7)<<3); # ModR/M
772 my $c=$1;
773 push @opcode,$c=~/^0/?oct($c):$c;
774 @opcode;
775 } else {
776 ();
777 }
778};
779
780}
781
782if ($nasm) {
783 print <<___;
784default rel
785%define XMMWORD
786___
787} elsif ($masm) {
788 print <<___;
789OPTION DOTNAME
790___
791}
792
793if ($nasm) {
794 print <<___;
795\%define _CET_ENDBR
796___
797} else {
798 print <<___;
799#if defined(__CET__)
800#include <cet.h>
801#else
802#define _CET_ENDBR
803#endif
804
805___
806}
807
808print "#include \"x86_arch.h\"\n";
809
810while($line=<>) {
811
812 chomp($line);
813
814 $line =~ s|[#!].*$||; # get rid of asm-style comments...
815 $line =~ s|/\*.*\*/||; # ... and C-style comments...
816 $line =~ s|^\s+||; # ... and skip white spaces in beginning
817
818 undef $label;
819 undef $opcode;
820 undef @args;
821
822 if ($label=label->re(\$line)) { print $label->out(); }
823
824 if (directive->re(\$line)) {
825 printf "%s",directive->out();
826 } elsif ($opcode=opcode->re(\$line)) {
827 my $asm = eval("\$".$opcode->mnemonic());
828 undef @bytes;
829
830 if ((ref($asm) eq 'CODE') && scalar(@bytes=&$asm($line))) {
831 print $gas?".byte\t":"DB\t",join(',',@bytes),"\n";
832 next;
833 }
834
835 ARGUMENT: while (1) {
836 my $arg;
837
838 if ($arg=register->re(\$line)) { opcode->size($arg->size()); }
839 elsif ($arg=const->re(\$line)) { }
840 elsif ($arg=ea->re(\$line)) { }
841 elsif ($arg=expr->re(\$line)) { }
842 else { last ARGUMENT; }
843
844 push @args,$arg;
845
846 last ARGUMENT if ($line !~ /^,/);
847
848 $line =~ s/^,\s*//;
849 } # ARGUMENT:
850
851 if ($#args>=0) {
852 my $insn;
853 my $sz=opcode->size();
854
855 if ($gas) {
856 $insn = $opcode->out($#args>=1?$args[$#args]->size():$sz);
857 @args = map($_->out($sz),@args);
858 printf "\t%s\t%s",$insn,join(",",@args);
859 } else {
860 $insn = $opcode->out();
861 foreach (@args) {
862 my $arg = $_->out();
863 # $insn.=$sz compensates for movq, pinsrw, ...
864 if ($arg =~ /^xmm[0-9]+$/) { $insn.=$sz; $sz="x" if(!$sz); last; }
865 if ($arg =~ /^mm[0-9]+$/) { $insn.=$sz; $sz="q" if(!$sz); last; }
866 }
867 @args = reverse(@args);
868 undef $sz if ($nasm && $opcode->mnemonic() eq "lea");
869 printf "\t%s\t%s",$insn,join(",",map($_->out($sz),@args));
870 }
871 } else {
872 printf "\t%s",$opcode->out();
873 }
874 }
875
876 print $line,"\n";
877}
878
879print "\n$current_segment\tENDS\n" if ($current_segment && $masm);
880print "END\n" if ($masm);
881
882close STDOUT;
883
884 #################################################
885# Cross-reference x86_64 ABI "card"
886#
887# Unix Win64
888# %rax * *
889# %rbx - -
890# %rcx #4 #1
891# %rdx #3 #2
892# %rsi #2 -
893# %rdi #1 -
894# %rbp - -
895# %rsp - -
896# %r8 #5 #3
897# %r9 #6 #4
898# %r10 * *
899# %r11 * *
900# %r12 - -
901# %r13 - -
902# %r14 - -
903# %r15 - -
904#
905# (*) volatile register
906# (-) preserved by callee
907# (#) Nth argument, volatile
908#
909# In Unix terms top of stack is argument transfer area for arguments
910# which could not be accommodated in registers. Or in other words 7th
911# [integer] argument resides at 8(%rsp) upon function entry point.
912# 128 bytes above %rsp constitute a "red zone" which is not touched
913# by signal handlers and can be used as temporal storage without
914# allocating a frame.
915#
916# In Win64 terms N*8 bytes on top of stack is argument transfer area,
917# which belongs to/can be overwritten by callee. N is the number of
918# arguments passed to callee, *but* not less than 4! This means that
919# upon function entry point 5th argument resides at 40(%rsp), as well
920# as that 32 bytes from 8(%rsp) can always be used as temporal
921# storage [without allocating a frame]. One can actually argue that
922# one can assume a "red zone" above stack pointer under Win64 as well.
923# Point is that at apparently no occasion Windows kernel would alter
924# the area above user stack pointer in true asynchronous manner...
925#
926# All the above means that if assembler programmer adheres to Unix
927# register and stack layout, but disregards the "red zone" existence,
928# it's possible to use following prologue and epilogue to "gear" from
929# Unix to Win64 ABI in leaf functions with not more than 6 arguments.
930#
931# omnipotent_function:
932# ifdef WIN64
933# movq %rdi,8(%rsp)
934# movq %rsi,16(%rsp)
935# movq %rcx,%rdi ; if 1st argument is actually present
936# movq %rdx,%rsi ; if 2nd argument is actually ...
937# movq %r8,%rdx ; if 3rd argument is ...
938# movq %r9,%rcx ; if 4th argument ...
939# movq 40(%rsp),%r8 ; if 5th ...
940# movq 48(%rsp),%r9 ; if 6th ...
941# endif
942# ...
943# ifdef WIN64
944# movq 8(%rsp),%rdi
945# movq 16(%rsp),%rsi
946# endif
947# ret
948#
949 #################################################
950# Win64 SEH, Structured Exception Handling.
951#
952# Unlike on Unix systems(*) lack of Win64 stack unwinding information
953# has undesired side-effect at run-time: if an exception is raised in
954# assembler subroutine such as those in question (basically we're
955# referring to segmentation violations caused by malformed input
956# parameters), the application is briskly terminated without invoking
957# any exception handlers, most notably without generating memory dump
958# or any user notification whatsoever. This poses a problem. It's
959# possible to address it by registering custom language-specific
960# handler that would restore processor context to the state at
961# subroutine entry point and return "exception is not handled, keep
962# unwinding" code. Writing such handler can be a challenge... But it's
963# doable, though requires certain coding convention. Consider following
964# snippet:
965#
966# .type function,@function
967# function:
968# movq %rsp,%rax # copy rsp to volatile register
969# pushq %r15 # save non-volatile registers
970# pushq %rbx
971# pushq %rbp
972# movq %rsp,%r11
973# subq %rdi,%r11 # prepare [variable] stack frame
974# andq $-64,%r11
975# movq %rax,0(%r11) # check for exceptions
976# movq %r11,%rsp # allocate [variable] stack frame
977# movq %rax,0(%rsp) # save original rsp value
978# magic_point:
979# ...
980# movq 0(%rsp),%rcx # pull original rsp value
981# movq -24(%rcx),%rbp # restore non-volatile registers
982# movq -16(%rcx),%rbx
983# movq -8(%rcx),%r15
984# movq %rcx,%rsp # restore original rsp
985# ret
986# .size function,.-function
987#
988# The key is that up to magic_point copy of original rsp value remains
989# in chosen volatile register and no non-volatile register, except for
990# rsp, is modified. While past magic_point rsp remains constant till
991# the very end of the function. In this case custom language-specific
992# exception handler would look like this:
993#
994# EXCEPTION_DISPOSITION handler (EXCEPTION_RECORD *rec,ULONG64 frame,
995# CONTEXT *context,DISPATCHER_CONTEXT *disp)
996# { ULONG64 *rsp = (ULONG64 *)context->Rax;
997# if (context->Rip >= magic_point)
998# { rsp = ((ULONG64 **)context->Rsp)[0];
999# context->Rbp = rsp[-3];
1000# context->Rbx = rsp[-2];
1001# context->R15 = rsp[-1];
1002# }
1003# context->Rsp = (ULONG64)rsp;
1004# context->Rdi = rsp[1];
1005# context->Rsi = rsp[2];
1006#
1007# memcpy (disp->ContextRecord,context,sizeof(CONTEXT));
1008# RtlVirtualUnwind(UNW_FLAG_NHANDLER,disp->ImageBase,
1009# dips->ControlPc,disp->FunctionEntry,disp->ContextRecord,
1010# &disp->HandlerData,&disp->EstablisherFrame,NULL);
1011# return ExceptionContinueSearch;
1012# }
1013#
1014# It's appropriate to implement this handler in assembler, directly in
1015# function's module. In order to do that one has to know members'
1016# offsets in CONTEXT and DISPATCHER_CONTEXT structures and some constant
1017# values. Here they are:
1018#
1019# CONTEXT.Rax 120
1020# CONTEXT.Rcx 128
1021# CONTEXT.Rdx 136
1022# CONTEXT.Rbx 144
1023# CONTEXT.Rsp 152
1024# CONTEXT.Rbp 160
1025# CONTEXT.Rsi 168
1026# CONTEXT.Rdi 176
1027# CONTEXT.R8 184
1028# CONTEXT.R9 192
1029# CONTEXT.R10 200
1030# CONTEXT.R11 208
1031# CONTEXT.R12 216
1032# CONTEXT.R13 224
1033# CONTEXT.R14 232
1034# CONTEXT.R15 240
1035# CONTEXT.Rip 248
1036# CONTEXT.Xmm6 512
1037# sizeof(CONTEXT) 1232
1038# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.ControlPc 0
1039# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.ImageBase 8
1040# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.FunctionEntry 16
1041# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.EstablisherFrame 24
1042# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.TargetIp 32
1043# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.ContextRecord 40
1044# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.LanguageHandler 48
1045# DISPATCHER_CONTEXT.HandlerData 56
1046# UNW_FLAG_NHANDLER 0
1047# ExceptionContinueSearch 1
1048#
1049# In order to tie the handler to the function one has to compose
1050# couple of structures: one for .xdata segment and one for .pdata.
1051#
1052# UNWIND_INFO structure for .xdata segment would be
1053#
1054# function_unwind_info:
1055# .byte 9,0,0,0
1056# .rva handler
1057#
1058# This structure designates exception handler for a function with
1059# zero-length prologue, no stack frame or frame register.
1060#
1061# To facilitate composing of .pdata structures, auto-generated "gear"
1062# prologue copies rsp value to rax and denotes next instruction with
1063# .LSEH_begin_{function_name} label. This essentially defines the SEH
1064# styling rule mentioned in the beginning. Position of this label is
1065# chosen in such manner that possible exceptions raised in the "gear"
1066# prologue would be accounted to caller and unwound from latter's frame.
1067# End of function is marked with respective .LSEH_end_{function_name}
1068# label. To summarize, .pdata segment would contain
1069#
1070# .rva .LSEH_begin_function
1071# .rva .LSEH_end_function
1072# .rva function_unwind_info
1073#
1074# Reference to functon_unwind_info from .xdata segment is the anchor.
1075# In case you wonder why references are 32-bit .rvas and not 64-bit
1076# .quads. References put into these two segments are required to be
1077# *relative* to the base address of the current binary module, a.k.a.
1078# image base. No Win64 module, be it .exe or .dll, can be larger than
1079# 2GB and thus such relative references can be and are accommodated in
1080# 32 bits.
1081#
1082# Having reviewed the example function code, one can argue that "movq
1083# %rsp,%rax" above is redundant. It is not! Keep in mind that on Unix
1084# rax would contain an undefined value. If this "offends" you, use
1085# another register and refrain from modifying rax till magic_point is
1086# reached, i.e. as if it was a non-volatile register. If more registers
1087# are required prior [variable] frame setup is completed, note that
1088# nobody says that you can have only one "magic point." You can
1089# "liberate" non-volatile registers by denoting last stack off-load
1090# instruction and reflecting it in finer grade unwind logic in handler.
1091# After all, isn't it why it's called *language-specific* handler...
1092#
1093# Attentive reader can notice that exceptions would be mishandled in
1094# auto-generated "gear" epilogue. Well, exception effectively can't
1095# occur there, because if memory area used by it was subject to
1096# segmentation violation, then it would be raised upon call to the
1097# function (and as already mentioned be accounted to caller, which is
1098# not a problem). If you're still not comfortable, then define tail
1099# "magic point" just prior ret instruction and have handler treat it...
1100#
1101# (*) Note that we're talking about run-time, not debug-time. Lack of
1102# unwind information makes debugging hard on both Windows and
1103# Unix. "Unlike" referes to the fact that on Unix signal handler
1104# will always be invoked, core dumped and appropriate exit code
1105# returned to parent (for user notification).
generated by cgit v1.2.3-55-g6feb (git 2.39.1) at 2025-12-26 15:14:47 +0000