From 8748c1e58b42a18ddefc3a3c64dcef04f063fd73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: provos <>
Date: Sun, 13 Apr 1997 21:30:47 +0000
Subject: the before mentioned random number generator.
---
src/lib/libc/net/res_init.c | 17 +---
src/lib/libc/net/res_mkquery.c | 11 ++-
src/lib/libc/net/res_random.c | 192 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 202 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/lib/libc/net/res_random.c
(limited to 'src/lib')
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/net/res_init.c b/src/lib/libc/net/res_init.c
index a16c47807f..973fdd43be 100644
--- a/src/lib/libc/net/res_init.c
+++ b/src/lib/libc/net/res_init.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: res_init.c,v 1.13 1997/04/05 21:13:17 millert Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: res_init.c,v 1.14 1997/04/13 21:30:43 provos Exp $ */
/*
* ++Copyright++ 1985, 1989, 1993
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)res_init.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/7/93";
static char rcsid[] = "$From: res_init.c,v 8.7 1996/09/28 06:51:07 vixie Exp $";
#else
-static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: res_init.c,v 1.13 1997/04/05 21:13:17 millert Exp $";
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: res_init.c,v 1.14 1997/04/13 21:30:43 provos Exp $";
#endif
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
@@ -185,13 +185,6 @@ res_init()
if (!(_res.options & RES_INIT))
_res.options = RES_DEFAULT;
- /*
- * This one used to initialize implicitly to zero, so unless the app
- * has set it to something in particular, we can randomize it now.
- */
- if (!_res.id)
- _res.id = res_randomid();
-
#ifdef USELOOPBACK
_res.nsaddr.sin_addr = inet_makeaddr(IN_LOOPBACKNET, 1);
#else
@@ -510,9 +503,3 @@ net_mask(in) /* XXX - should really use system's version of this */
return (htonl(IN_CLASSC_NET));
}
#endif
-
-u_int
-res_randomid()
-{
- return (0xffff & arc4random());
-}
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/net/res_mkquery.c b/src/lib/libc/net/res_mkquery.c
index 5faba01748..2c244c24fc 100644
--- a/src/lib/libc/net/res_mkquery.c
+++ b/src/lib/libc/net/res_mkquery.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: res_mkquery.c,v 1.6 1997/03/13 19:07:39 downsj Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: res_mkquery.c,v 1.7 1997/04/13 21:30:46 provos Exp $ */
/*
* ++Copyright++ 1985, 1993
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)res_mkquery.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93";
static char rcsid[] = "$From: res_mkquery.c,v 8.5 1996/08/27 08:33:28 vixie Exp $";
#else
-static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: res_mkquery.c,v 1.6 1997/03/13 19:07:39 downsj Exp $";
+static char rcsid[] = "$OpenBSD: res_mkquery.c,v 1.7 1997/04/13 21:30:46 provos Exp $";
#endif
#endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */
@@ -106,12 +106,17 @@ res_mkquery(op, dname, class, type, data, datalen, newrr_in, buf, buflen)
#endif
/*
* Initialize header fields.
+ *
+ * A special random number generator is used to create non predictable
+ * and non repeating ids over a long period. It also avoids reuse
+ * by switching between two distinct number cycles.
*/
+
if ((buf == NULL) || (buflen < HFIXEDSZ))
return (-1);
bzero(buf, HFIXEDSZ);
hp = (HEADER *) buf;
- hp->id = htons(++_res.id);
+ hp->id = htons(_res.id=res_randomid());
hp->opcode = op;
hp->rd = (_res.options & RES_RECURSE) != 0;
hp->rcode = NOERROR;
diff --git a/src/lib/libc/net/res_random.c b/src/lib/libc/net/res_random.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6d3a9269c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/libc/net/res_random.c
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/* $OpenBSD: res_random.c,v 1.1 1997/04/13 21:30:47 provos Exp $ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997 Niels Provos <provos@physnet.uni-hamburg.de>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Theo de Raadt <deraadt@openbsd.org> came up with the idea of using
+ * such a mathematical system to generate more random (yet non-repeating)
+ * ids to solve the resolver/named problem. But Niels designed the
+ * actual system based on the constraints.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ * must display the following acknowledgement:
+ * This product includes software developed by Niels Provos.
+ * 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * seed = random 15bit
+ * n = prime, g0 = generator to n,
+ * j = random so that gcd(j,n-1) == 1
+ * g = g0^j mod n will be a generator again.
+ *
+ * X[0] = random seed.
+ * X[n] = a*X[n-1]+b mod m is a Linear Congruential Generator
+ * with a = 625, b = 6571, m = 31104 and a maximal period of m-1.
+ *
+ * The transaction id is determined by:
+ * id[n] = seed xor (g^X[n] mod n)
+ *
+ * Effectivly the id is restricted to the lower 15 bits, thus
+ * yielding two different cycles by toggling the msb on and off.
+ * This avoids reuse issues caused by reseeding.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <resolv.h>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define RU_MAX 20000 /* Uniq cycle, avoid blackjack prediction */
+#define RU_GEN 2 /* Starting generator */
+#define RU_N 32749 /* RU_N-1 = 2*2*3*2729 */
+#define RU_A 625
+#define RU_B 6571
+#define RU_M 31104
+
+#define PFAC_N 3
+const static u_int16_t pfacts[PFAC_N] = {
+ 2,
+ 3,
+ 2729
+};
+
+static u_int16_t ru_x;
+static u_int16_t ru_seed;
+static u_int16_t ru_g;
+static u_int16_t ru_counter = 0;
+static u_int16_t ru_msb = 0;
+
+static u_int32_t pmod __P((u_int32_t, u_int32_t, u_int32_t));
+static void res_initid __P((void));
+
+/*
+ * Do a fast modular exponation, returned value will be in the range
+ * of 0 - (mod-1)
+ */
+
+static u_int32_t
+pmod(gen, exp, mod)
+ u_int32_t gen, exp, mod;
+{
+ u_int32_t s, t, u;
+
+ s = 1;
+ t = gen;
+ u = exp;
+
+ while (u) {
+ if (u & 1)
+ s = (s*t) % mod;
+ u >>= 1;
+ t = (t*t) % mod;
+ }
+ return (s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initalizes the seed and choosed a suitable generator. Also toggles
+ * the msb flag. The msb flag is used to generate two distinct
+ * cycles of random numbers and thus avoiding reuse of ids.
+ *
+ * This function is called from res_randomid() when needed, an
+ * application does not have to worry about it.
+ */
+static void
+res_initid()
+{
+ u_int16_t j, i;
+ u_int32_t tmp;
+ int noprime = 1;
+
+ tmp = arc4random();
+ ru_x = (tmp & 0xFFFF) % RU_M;
+
+ /* 15 bits of random seed */
+ ru_seed = (tmp >> 16) & 0x7FFF;
+
+ j = arc4random() % RU_N;
+
+ /*
+ * Do a fast gcd(j,RU_N-1), so we can find a j with
+ * gcd(j, RU_N-1) == 1, giving a new generator for
+ * RU_GEN^j mod RU_N
+ */
+
+ while (noprime) {
+ for (i=0; i<PFAC_N; i++)
+ if (j%pfacts[i] == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if (i>=PFAC_N)
+ noprime = 0;
+ else
+ j = (j+1) % RU_N;
+ }
+
+ ru_g = pmod(RU_GEN,j,RU_N);
+ ru_counter = 0;
+
+ ru_msb = ru_msb == 0x8000 ? 0 : 0x8000;
+}
+
+u_int
+res_randomid()
+{
+ if (ru_counter % RU_MAX == 0)
+ res_initid();
+
+ ru_counter++;
+
+ /* Linear Congruential Generator */
+ ru_x = (RU_A*ru_x + RU_B) % RU_M;
+
+ return (ru_seed ^ pmod(ru_g,ru_x,RU_N)) | ru_msb;
+}
+
+#if 0
+void
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ int i, n;
+ u_int16_t wert;
+
+ res_initid();
+
+ printf("Generator: %d\n", ru_g);
+ printf("Seed: %d\n", ru_seed);
+ printf("Ru_X: %d\n", ru_x);
+
+ n = atoi(argv[1]);
+ for (i=0;i<n;i++) {
+ wert = res_randomid();
+ printf("%06d\n", wert);
+ }
+}
+#endif
+
--
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