/** NOTE:
 *	This code is based on the Utf implementation from SFML2. License zlib/png (
 *http://www.sfml-dev.org/license.php ) The class was modified to fit efsw own needs. This is not
 *the original implementation from SFML2. Functions and methods are the same that in std::string to
 *facilitate portability.
 **/

#ifndef EFSW_STRING_HPP
#define EFSW_STRING_HPP

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <efsw/base.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <locale>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

namespace efsw {

/** @brief Utility string class that automatically handles conversions between types and encodings
 * **/
class String {
  public:
	typedef Uint32 StringBaseType;
	typedef std::basic_string<StringBaseType> StringType;
	typedef StringType::iterator Iterator;							 //! Iterator type
	typedef StringType::const_iterator ConstIterator;				 //! Constant iterator type
	typedef StringType::reverse_iterator ReverseIterator;			 //! Reverse Iterator type
	typedef StringType::const_reverse_iterator ConstReverseIterator; //! Constant iterator type

	static const std::size_t InvalidPos; ///< Represents an invalid position in the string

	template <class T> static std::string toStr( const T& i ) {
		std::ostringstream ss;
		ss << i;
		return ss.str();
	}

	/** Converts from a string to type */
	template <class T>
	static bool fromString( T& t, const std::string& s,
							std::ios_base& ( *f )( std::ios_base& ) = std::dec ) {
		std::istringstream iss( s );
		return !( iss >> f >> t ).fail();
	}

	/** Converts from a String to type */
	template <class T>
	static bool fromString( T& t, const String& s,
							std::ios_base& ( *f )( std::ios_base& ) = std::dec ) {
		std::istringstream iss( s.toUtf8() );
		return !( iss >> f >> t ).fail();
	}

	/** Split a string and hold it on a vector */
	static std::vector<std::string> split( const std::string& str, const char& splitchar,
										   const bool& pushEmptyString = false );

	/** Split a string and hold it on a vector */
	static std::vector<String> split( const String& str, const Uint32& splitchar,
									  const bool& pushEmptyString = false );

	/** Determine if a string starts with the string passed
	** @param start The substring expected to start
	** @param str The string to compare
	** @return -1 if the substring is no in str, otherwise the size of the substring
	*/
	static int strStartsWith( const std::string& start, const std::string& str );

	static int strStartsWith( const String& start, const String& str );

	/** @brief Construct from an UTF-8 string to UTF-32 according
	** @param uf8String UTF-8 string to convert
	**/
	static String fromUtf8( const std::string& utf8String );

	/** @brief Default constructor
	** This constructor creates an empty string.
	**/
	String();

	/** @brief Construct from a single ANSI character and a locale
	** The source character is converted to UTF-32 according
	** to the given locale. If you want to use the current global
	** locale, rather use the other constructor.
	** @param ansiChar ANSI character to convert
	** @param locale   Locale to use for conversion
	**/
	String( char ansiChar, const std::locale& locale = std::locale() );

#ifndef EFSW_NO_WIDECHAR
	/** @brief Construct from single wide character
	** @param wideChar Wide character to convert
	**/
	String( wchar_t wideChar );
#endif

	/** @brief Construct from single UTF-32 character
	** @param utf32Char UTF-32 character to convert
	**/
	String( StringBaseType utf32Char );

	/** @brief Construct from an from a null-terminated C-style UTF-8 string to UTF-32
	** @param uf8String UTF-8 string to convert
	**/
	String( const char* uf8String );

	/** @brief Construct from an UTF-8 string to UTF-32 according
	** @param uf8String UTF-8 string to convert
	**/
	String( const std::string& utf8String );

	/** @brief Construct from a null-terminated C-style ANSI string and a locale
	** The source string is converted to UTF-32 according
	** to the given locale. If you want to use the current global
	** locale, rather use the other constructor.
	** @param ansiString ANSI string to convert
	** @param locale     Locale to use for conversion
	**/
	String( const char* ansiString, const std::locale& locale );

	/** @brief Construct from an ANSI string and a locale
	** The source string is converted to UTF-32 according
	** to the given locale. If you want to use the current global
	** locale, rather use the other constructor.
	** @param ansiString ANSI string to convert
	** @param locale     Locale to use for conversion
	**/
	String( const std::string& ansiString, const std::locale& locale );

#ifndef EFSW_NO_WIDECHAR
	/** @brief Construct from null-terminated C-style wide string
	** @param wideString Wide string to convert
	**/
	String( const wchar_t* wideString );

	/** @brief Construct from a wide string
	** @param wideString Wide string to convert
	**/
	String( const std::wstring& wideString );
#endif

	/** @brief Construct from a null-terminated C-style UTF-32 string
	** @param utf32String UTF-32 string to assign
	**/
	String( const StringBaseType* utf32String );

	/** @brief Construct from an UTF-32 string
	** @param utf32String UTF-32 string to assign
	**/
	String( const StringType& utf32String );

	/** @brief Copy constructor
	** @param str Instance to copy
	**/
	String( const String& str );

	/** @brief Implicit cast operator to std::string (ANSI string)
	** The current global locale is used for conversion. If you
	** want to explicitely specify a locale, see toAnsiString.
	** Characters that do not fit in the target encoding are
	** discarded from the returned string.
	** This operator is defined for convenience, and is equivalent
	** to calling toAnsiString().
	** @return Converted ANSI string
	** @see toAnsiString, operator String
	**/
	operator std::string() const;

	/** @brief Convert the unicode string to an ANSI string
	** The UTF-32 string is converted to an ANSI string in
	** the encoding defined by \a locale. If you want to use
	** the current global locale, see the other overload
	** of toAnsiString.
	** Characters that do not fit in the target encoding are
	** discarded from the returned string.
	** @param locale Locale to use for conversion
	** @return Converted ANSI string
	** @see toWideString, operator std::string
	**/
	std::string toAnsiString( const std::locale& locale = std::locale() ) const;

#ifndef EFSW_NO_WIDECHAR
	/** @brief Convert the unicode string to a wide string
	** Characters that do not fit in the target encoding are
	** discarded from the returned string.
	** @return Converted wide string
	** @see toAnsiString, operator String
	**/
	std::wstring toWideString() const;
#endif

	std::string toUtf8() const;

	/** @brief Overload of assignment operator
	** @param right Instance to assign
	** @return Reference to self
	**/
	String& operator=( const String& right );

	String& operator=( const StringBaseType& right );

	/** @brief Overload of += operator to append an UTF-32 string
	** @param right String to append
	** @return Reference to self
	**/
	String& operator+=( const String& right );

	String& operator+=( const StringBaseType& right );

	/** @brief Overload of [] operator to access a character by its position
	** This function provides read-only access to characters.
	** Note: this function doesn't throw if \a index is out of range.
	** @param index Index of the character to get
	** @return Character at position \a index
	**/
	StringBaseType operator[]( std::size_t index ) const;

	/** @brief Overload of [] operator to access a character by its position
	** This function provides read and write access to characters.
	** Note: this function doesn't throw if \a index is out of range.
	** @param index Index of the character to get
	** @return Reference to the character at position \a index
	**/

	StringBaseType& operator[]( std::size_t index );

	/** @brief Get character in string
	** Performs a range check, throwing an exception of type out_of_range in case that pos is not an
	*actual position in the string.
	** @return The character at position pos in the string.
	*/
	StringBaseType at( std::size_t index ) const;

	/** @brief clear the string
	** This function removes all the characters from the string.
	** @see empty, erase
	**/
	void clear();

	/** @brief Get the size of the string
	** @return Number of characters in the string
	** @see empty
	**/
	std::size_t size() const;

	/** @see size() */
	std::size_t length() const;

	/** @brief Check whether the string is empty or not
	** @return True if the string is empty (i.e. contains no character)
	** @see clear, size
	**/
	bool empty() const;

	/** @brief Erase one or more characters from the string
	** This function removes a sequence of \a count characters
	** starting from \a position.
	** @param position Position of the first character to erase
	** @param count    Number of characters to erase
	**/
	void erase( std::size_t position, std::size_t count = 1 );

	/** @brief Insert one or more characters into the string
	** This function inserts the characters of \a str
	** into the string, starting from \a position.
	** @param position Position of insertion
	** @param str      Characters to insert
	**/
	String& insert( std::size_t position, const String& str );

	String& insert( std::size_t pos1, const String& str, std::size_t pos2, std::size_t n );

	String& insert( std::size_t pos1, const char* s, std::size_t n );

	String& insert( std::size_t pos1, const char* s );

	String& insert( std::size_t pos1, size_t n, char c );

	Iterator insert( Iterator p, char c );

	void insert( Iterator p, std::size_t n, char c );

	template <class InputIterator>
	void insert( Iterator p, InputIterator first, InputIterator last ) {
		mString.insert( p, first, last );
	}

	/** @brief Find a sequence of one or more characters in the string
	** This function searches for the characters of \a str
	** into the string, starting from \a start.
	** @param str   Characters to find
	** @param start Where to begin searching
	** @return Position of \a str in the string, or String::InvalidPos if not found
	**/
	std::size_t find( const String& str, std::size_t start = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find( const char* s, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n ) const;

	std::size_t find( const char* s, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find( char c, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	/** @brief Get a pointer to the C-style array of characters
	** This functions provides a read-only access to a
	** null-terminated C-style representation of the string.
	** The returned pointer is temporary and is meant only for
	** immediate use, thus it is not recommended to store it.
	** @return Read-only pointer to the array of characters
	**/
	const StringBaseType* c_str() const;

	/** @brief Get string data
	** Notice that no terminating null character is appended (see member c_str for such a
	*functionality).
	** The returned array points to an internal location which should not be modified directly in
	*the program.
	** Its contents are guaranteed to remain unchanged only until the next call to a non-constant
	*member function of the string object.
	** @return Pointer to an internal array containing the same content as the string.
	**/
	const StringBaseType* data() const;

	/** @brief Return an iterator to the beginning of the string
	** @return Read-write iterator to the beginning of the string characters
	** @see end
	**/
	Iterator begin();

	/** @brief Return an iterator to the beginning of the string
	** @return Read-only iterator to the beginning of the string characters
	** @see end
	**/
	ConstIterator begin() const;

	/** @brief Return an iterator to the beginning of the string
	** The end iterator refers to 1 position past the last character;
	** thus it represents an invalid character and should never be
	** accessed.
	** @return Read-write iterator to the end of the string characters
	** @see begin
	**/
	Iterator end();

	/** @brief Return an iterator to the beginning of the string
	** The end iterator refers to 1 position past the last character;
	** thus it represents an invalid character and should never be
	** accessed.
	** @return Read-only iterator to the end of the string characters
	** @see begin
	**/
	ConstIterator end() const;

	/** @brief Return an reverse iterator to the beginning of the string
	** @return Read-write reverse iterator to the beginning of the string characters
	** @see end
	**/
	ReverseIterator rbegin();

	/** @brief Return an reverse iterator to the beginning of the string
	** @return Read-only reverse iterator to the beginning of the string characters
	** @see end
	**/
	ConstReverseIterator rbegin() const;

	/** @brief Return an reverse iterator to the beginning of the string
	** The end reverse iterator refers to 1 position past the last character;
	** thus it represents an invalid character and should never be
	** accessed.
	** @return Read-write reverse iterator to the end of the string characters
	** @see begin
	**/
	ReverseIterator rend();

	/** @brief Return an reverse iterator to the beginning of the string
	** The end reverse iterator refers to 1 position past the last character;
	** thus it represents an invalid character and should never be
	** accessed.
	** @return Read-only reverse iterator to the end of the string characters
	** @see begin
	**/
	ConstReverseIterator rend() const;

	/** @brief Resize String */
	void resize( std::size_t n, StringBaseType c );

	/** @brief Resize String */
	void resize( std::size_t n );

	/** @return Maximum size of string */
	std::size_t max_size() const;

	/** @brief Request a change in capacity */
	void reserve( size_t res_arg = 0 );

	/** @return Size of allocated storage */
	std::size_t capacity() const;

	/** @brief Append character to string */
	void push_back( StringBaseType c );

	/** @brief Swap contents with another string */
	void swap( String& str );

	String& assign( const String& str );

	String& assign( const String& str, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n );

	String& assign( const char* s, std::size_t n );

	String& assign( const char* s );

	String& assign( std::size_t n, char c );

	template <class InputIterator> String& assign( InputIterator first, InputIterator last ) {
		mString.assign( first, last );
		return *this;
	}

	String& append( const String& str );

	String& append( const String& str, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n );

	String& append( const char* s, std::size_t n );

	String& append( const char* s );

	String& append( std::size_t n, char c );

	String& append( std::size_t n, StringBaseType c );

	template <class InputIterator> String& append( InputIterator first, InputIterator last ) {
		mString.append( first, last );
		return *this;
	}

	String& replace( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const String& str );

	String& replace( Iterator i1, Iterator i2, const String& str );

	String& replace( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const String& str, std::size_t pos2,
					 std::size_t n2 );

	String& replace( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const char* s, std::size_t n2 );

	String& replace( Iterator i1, Iterator i2, const char* s, std::size_t n2 );

	String& replace( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const char* s );

	String& replace( Iterator i1, Iterator i2, const char* s );

	String& replace( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, std::size_t n2, char c );

	String& replace( Iterator i1, Iterator i2, std::size_t n2, char c );

	template <class InputIterator>
	String& replace( Iterator i1, Iterator i2, InputIterator j1, InputIterator j2 ) {
		mString.replace( i1, i2, j1, j2 );
		return *this;
	}

	std::size_t rfind( const String& str, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t rfind( const char* s, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n ) const;

	std::size_t rfind( const char* s, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t rfind( char c, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	String substr( std::size_t pos = 0, std::size_t n = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t copy( StringBaseType* s, std::size_t n, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	int compare( const String& str ) const;

	int compare( const char* s ) const;

	int compare( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const String& str ) const;

	int compare( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const char* s ) const;

	int compare( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const String& str, std::size_t pos2,
				 std::size_t n2 ) const;

	int compare( std::size_t pos1, std::size_t n1, const char* s, std::size_t n2 ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_of( const String& str, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_of( StringBaseType c, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_of( const String& str, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_of( StringBaseType c, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_not_of( const String& str, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_not_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_not_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find_first_not_of( StringBaseType c, std::size_t pos = 0 ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_not_of( const String& str, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_not_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos, std::size_t n ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_not_of( const char* s, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

	std::size_t find_last_not_of( StringBaseType c, std::size_t pos = StringType::npos ) const;

  private:
	friend bool operator==( const String& left, const String& right );
	friend bool operator<( const String& left, const String& right );

	StringType mString; ///< Internal string of UTF-32 characters
};

/** @relates String
** @brief Overload of == operator to compare two UTF-32 strings
** @param left  Left operand (a string)
** @param right Right operand (a string)
** @return True if both strings are equal
**/
bool operator==( const String& left, const String& right );

/** @relates String
** @brief Overload of != operator to compare two UTF-32 strings
** @param left  Left operand (a string)
** @param right Right operand (a string)
** @return True if both strings are different
**/
bool operator!=( const String& left, const String& right );

/** @relates String
** @brief Overload of < operator to compare two UTF-32 strings
** @param left  Left operand (a string)
** @param right Right operand (a string)
** @return True if \a left is alphabetically lesser than \a right
**/
bool operator<( const String& left, const String& right );

/** @relates String
** @brief Overload of > operator to compare two UTF-32 strings
** @param left  Left operand (a string)
** @param right Right operand (a string)
** @return True if \a left is alphabetically greater than \a right
**/
bool operator>( const String& left, const String& right );

/** @relates String
** @brief Overload of <= operator to compare two UTF-32 strings
** @param left  Left operand (a string)
** @param right Right operand (a string)
** @return True if \a left is alphabetically lesser or equal than \a right
**/
bool operator<=( const String& left, const String& right );

/** @relates String
** @brief Overload of >= operator to compare two UTF-32 strings
** @param left  Left operand (a string)
** @param right Right operand (a string)
** @return True if \a left is alphabetically greater or equal than \a right
**/
bool operator>=( const String& left, const String& right );

/** @relates String
** @brief Overload of binary + operator to concatenate two strings
** @param left  Left operand (a string)
** @param right Right operand (a string)
** @return Concatenated string
**/
String operator+( const String& left, const String& right );

} // namespace efsw

#endif

/** @class efsw::String
** @ingroup system
** efsw::String is a utility string class defined mainly for
** convenience. It is a Unicode string (implemented using
** UTF-32), thus it can store any character in the world
** (european, chinese, arabic, hebrew, etc.).
** It automatically handles conversions from/to ANSI and
** wide strings, so that you can work with standard string
** classes and still be compatible with functions taking a
** efsw::String.
** @code
** efsw::String s;
** std::string s1 = s;  // automatically converted to ANSI string
** String s2 = s; // automatically converted to wide string
** s = "hello";         // automatically converted from ANSI string
** s = L"hello";        // automatically converted from wide string
** s += 'a';            // automatically converted from ANSI string
** s += L'a';           // automatically converted from wide string
** @endcode
** Conversions involving ANSI strings use the default user locale. However
** it is possible to use a custom locale if necessary:
** @code
** std::locale locale;
** efsw::String s;
** ...
** std::string s1 = s.toAnsiString(locale);
** s = efsw::String("hello", locale);
** @endcode
**
** efsw::String defines the most important functions of the
** standard std::string class: removing, random access, iterating,
** appending, comparing, etc. However it is a simple class
** provided for convenience, and you may have to consider using
** a more optimized class if your program requires complex string
** handling. The automatic conversion functions will then take
** care of converting your string to efsw::String whenever EE
** requires it.
**
** Please note that EE also defines a low-level, generic
** interface for Unicode handling, see the efsw::Utf classes.
**
** All credits to Laurent Gomila, i just modified and expanded a little bit the implementation.
**/