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| author | Eric Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org> | 2001-04-26 23:06:39 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Eric Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org> | 2001-04-26 23:06:39 +0000 |
| commit | 924ab5b7d37a2c3171b1401f258492f3770ba199 (patch) | |
| tree | 21a97f62ab811b052769c73d76e0d6ea2c6bcd1e | |
| parent | 7f3b86e7bf64a7ad787fdcf71cb7b8ba88865f6c (diff) | |
| download | busybox-w32-924ab5b7d37a2c3171b1401f258492f3770ba199.tar.gz busybox-w32-924ab5b7d37a2c3171b1401f258492f3770ba199.tar.bz2 busybox-w32-924ab5b7d37a2c3171b1401f258492f3770ba199.zip | |
These days busybox.pod is autogenerated, so it should be removed
from CVS.
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| 1 | # vi: set sw=4 ts=4: | ||
| 2 | |||
| 3 | =head1 NAME | ||
| 4 | |||
| 5 | BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux | ||
| 6 | |||
| 7 | =head1 SYNTAX | ||
| 8 | |||
| 9 | BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or | ||
| 10 | |||
| 11 | <function> [arguments...] # if symlinked | ||
| 12 | |||
| 13 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single | ||
| 16 | small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities | ||
| 17 | you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip, | ||
| 18 | tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small | ||
| 19 | or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than | ||
| 20 | their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide | ||
| 21 | the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts. | ||
| 22 | |||
| 23 | BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. | ||
| 24 | It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or | ||
| 25 | features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded | ||
| 26 | systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a shell (such as ash), | ||
| 27 | and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae). | ||
| 28 | |||
| 29 | =head1 USAGE | ||
| 30 | |||
| 31 | When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when BusyBox | ||
| 32 | is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself has been invoked. | ||
| 33 | |||
| 34 | For example, entering | ||
| 35 | |||
| 36 | ln -s ./BusyBox ls | ||
| 37 | ./ls | ||
| 38 | |||
| 39 | will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled | ||
| 40 | into BusyBox). | ||
| 41 | |||
| 42 | You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the | ||
| 43 | command line. For example, entering | ||
| 44 | |||
| 45 | ./BusyBox ls | ||
| 46 | |||
| 47 | will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. | ||
| 48 | |||
| 49 | =head1 COMMON OPTIONS | ||
| 50 | |||
| 51 | Most BusyBox commands support the B<-h> option to provide a | ||
| 52 | terse runtime description of their behavior. | ||
| 53 | |||
| 54 | =head1 COMMANDS | ||
| 55 | |||
| 56 | Currently defined functions include: | ||
| 57 | |||
| 58 | adjtimex, ar, basename, busybox, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, | ||
| 59 | cmp, cp, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg, | ||
| 60 | dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dutmp, echo, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free, | ||
| 61 | freeramdisk, fsck.minix, getopt, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid, | ||
| 62 | hostname, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, length, ln, | ||
| 63 | loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum, | ||
| 64 | mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nc, | ||
| 65 | nslookup, ping, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, reboot, | ||
| 66 | renice, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpmunpack, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sleep, | ||
| 67 | sort, stty, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp, | ||
| 68 | touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, unix2dos, update, uptime, usleep, | ||
| 69 | uudecode, uuencode, watchdog, wc, wget, which, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, [ | ||
| 70 | |||
| 71 | =over 4 | ||
| 72 | |||
| 73 | =item B<adjtimex> | ||
| 74 | |||
| 75 | adjtimex [B<-q>] [B<-o> offset] [B<-f> frequency] [B<-p> timeconstant] [B<-t> tick] | ||
| 76 | |||
| 77 | Reads and optionally sets system timebase parameters. | ||
| 78 | See adjtimex(2). | ||
| 79 | |||
| 80 | Options: | ||
| 81 | |||
| 82 | -q quiet mode - do not print | ||
| 83 | -o offset time offset, microseconds | ||
| 84 | -f frequency frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) | ||
| 85 | (positive values make the system clock run fast) | ||
| 86 | -t tick microseconds per tick, usually 10000 | ||
| 87 | -p timeconstant | ||
| 88 | |||
| 89 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 90 | |||
| 91 | =item B<ar> | ||
| 92 | |||
| 93 | ar -[ovR]{ptx} archive filenames | ||
| 94 | |||
| 95 | Extract or list files from an ar archive. | ||
| 96 | |||
| 97 | Options: | ||
| 98 | |||
| 99 | -o preserve original dates | ||
| 100 | -p extract to stdout | ||
| 101 | -t list | ||
| 102 | -x extract | ||
| 103 | -v verbosely list files processed | ||
| 104 | -R recursive action | ||
| 105 | |||
| 106 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 107 | |||
| 108 | =item B<basename> | ||
| 109 | |||
| 110 | basename FILE [SUFFIX] | ||
| 111 | |||
| 112 | Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. | ||
| 113 | If specified, also removes any trailing SUFFIX. | ||
| 114 | |||
| 115 | Example: | ||
| 116 | |||
| 117 | $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo | ||
| 118 | foo | ||
| 119 | $ basename /usr/local/bin/ | ||
| 120 | bin | ||
| 121 | $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt | ||
| 122 | bar | ||
| 123 | |||
| 124 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 125 | |||
| 126 | =item B<cat> | ||
| 127 | |||
| 128 | cat [FILE]... | ||
| 129 | |||
| 130 | Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to stdout. | ||
| 131 | |||
| 132 | Example: | ||
| 133 | |||
| 134 | $ cat /proc/uptime | ||
| 135 | 110716.72 17.67 | ||
| 136 | |||
| 137 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 138 | |||
| 139 | =item B<chgrp> | ||
| 140 | |||
| 141 | chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE... | ||
| 142 | |||
| 143 | Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. | ||
| 144 | |||
| 145 | Options: | ||
| 146 | |||
| 147 | -R Changes files and directories recursively. | ||
| 148 | |||
| 149 | Example: | ||
| 150 | |||
| 151 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 152 | -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo | ||
| 153 | $ chgrp root /tmp/foo | ||
| 154 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 155 | -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo | ||
| 156 | |||
| 157 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 158 | |||
| 159 | =item B<chmod> | ||
| 160 | |||
| 161 | chmod [B<-R>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... | ||
| 162 | |||
| 163 | Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the | ||
| 164 | symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst. | ||
| 165 | |||
| 166 | Options: | ||
| 167 | |||
| 168 | -R Changes files and directories recursively. | ||
| 169 | |||
| 170 | Example: | ||
| 171 | |||
| 172 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 173 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo | ||
| 174 | $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo | ||
| 175 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 176 | -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo* | ||
| 177 | $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo | ||
| 178 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 179 | -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo | ||
| 180 | |||
| 181 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 182 | |||
| 183 | =item B<chown> | ||
| 184 | |||
| 185 | chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE... | ||
| 186 | |||
| 187 | Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. | ||
| 188 | |||
| 189 | Options: | ||
| 190 | |||
| 191 | -R Changes files and directories recursively. | ||
| 192 | |||
| 193 | Example: | ||
| 194 | |||
| 195 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 196 | -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo | ||
| 197 | $ chown root /tmp/foo | ||
| 198 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 199 | -r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo | ||
| 200 | $ chown root.root /tmp/foo | ||
| 201 | ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 202 | -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo | ||
| 203 | |||
| 204 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 205 | |||
| 206 | =item B<chroot> | ||
| 207 | |||
| 208 | chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...] | ||
| 209 | |||
| 210 | Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. | ||
| 211 | |||
| 212 | Example: | ||
| 213 | |||
| 214 | $ ls -l /bin/ls | ||
| 215 | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox | ||
| 216 | $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix | ||
| 217 | $ chroot /mnt | ||
| 218 | $ ls -l /bin/ls | ||
| 219 | -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls* | ||
| 220 | |||
| 221 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 222 | |||
| 223 | =item B<chvt> | ||
| 224 | |||
| 225 | chvt N | ||
| 226 | |||
| 227 | Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN | ||
| 228 | |||
| 229 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 230 | |||
| 231 | =item B<clear> | ||
| 232 | |||
| 233 | clear | ||
| 234 | |||
| 235 | Clear screen. | ||
| 236 | |||
| 237 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 238 | |||
| 239 | =item B<cmp> | ||
| 240 | |||
| 241 | cmp FILE1 [FILE2] | ||
| 242 | |||
| 243 | Compare files. | ||
| 244 | |||
| 245 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 246 | |||
| 247 | =item B<cp> | ||
| 248 | |||
| 249 | cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST | ||
| 250 | |||
| 251 | Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. | ||
| 252 | |||
| 253 | -a Same as -dpR | ||
| 254 | -d Preserves links | ||
| 255 | -p Preserves file attributes if possible | ||
| 256 | -f force (implied; ignored) - always set | ||
| 257 | -R Copies directories recursively | ||
| 258 | |||
| 259 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 260 | |||
| 261 | =item B<cut> | ||
| 262 | |||
| 263 | cut [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| 264 | |||
| 265 | Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output. | ||
| 266 | |||
| 267 | Options: | ||
| 268 | |||
| 269 | -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST | ||
| 270 | -c LIST Output only characters from LIST | ||
| 271 | -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter | ||
| 272 | -s Output only the lines containing delimiter | ||
| 273 | -f N Print only these fields | ||
| 274 | -n Ignored | ||
| 275 | |||
| 276 | Example: | ||
| 277 | |||
| 278 | $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | ||
| 279 | Hello | ||
| 280 | $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' ' | ||
| 281 | world | ||
| 282 | |||
| 283 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 284 | |||
| 285 | =item B<date> | ||
| 286 | |||
| 287 | date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] | ||
| 288 | |||
| 289 | Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date. | ||
| 290 | |||
| 291 | Options: | ||
| 292 | |||
| 293 | -R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string | ||
| 294 | -d STRING display time described by STRING, not `now' | ||
| 295 | -s Sets time described by STRING | ||
| 296 | -u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time | ||
| 297 | |||
| 298 | Example: | ||
| 299 | |||
| 300 | $ date | ||
| 301 | Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000 | ||
| 302 | |||
| 303 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 304 | |||
| 305 | =item B<dc> | ||
| 306 | |||
| 307 | dc expression ... | ||
| 308 | |||
| 309 | This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the | ||
| 310 | following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor. | ||
| 311 | i.e. 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, and 'dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /' -> 16 | ||
| 312 | |||
| 313 | Example: | ||
| 314 | |||
| 315 | $ dc 2 2 + | ||
| 316 | 4 | ||
| 317 | $ dc 8 8 * 2 2 + / | ||
| 318 | 16 | ||
| 319 | $ dc 0 1 and | ||
| 320 | 0 | ||
| 321 | $ dc 0 1 or | ||
| 322 | 1 | ||
| 323 | $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc | ||
| 324 | 64 | ||
| 325 | |||
| 326 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 327 | |||
| 328 | =item B<dd> | ||
| 329 | |||
| 330 | dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] | ||
| 331 | [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|sync] | ||
| 332 | |||
| 333 | Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options | ||
| 334 | |||
| 335 | if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin | ||
| 336 | of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout | ||
| 337 | bs=N read and write N bytes at a time | ||
| 338 | count=N copy only N input blocks | ||
| 339 | skip=N skip N input blocks | ||
| 340 | seek=N skip N output blocks | ||
| 341 | conv=notrunc don't truncate output file | ||
| 342 | conv=sync pad blocks with zeros | ||
| 343 | |||
| 344 | Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), | ||
| 345 | MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824). | ||
| 346 | |||
| 347 | Example: | ||
| 348 | |||
| 349 | $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4 | ||
| 350 | 4+0 records in | ||
| 351 | 4+0 records out | ||
| 352 | |||
| 353 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 354 | |||
| 355 | =item B<deallocvt> | ||
| 356 | |||
| 357 | deallocvt N | ||
| 358 | |||
| 359 | Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN | ||
| 360 | |||
| 361 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 362 | |||
| 363 | =item B<df> | ||
| 364 | |||
| 365 | df [B<-hmk>] [filesystem ...] | ||
| 366 | |||
| 367 | Print the filesystem space used and space available. | ||
| 368 | |||
| 369 | Options: | ||
| 370 | |||
| 371 | -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) | ||
| 372 | -m print sizes in megabytes | ||
| 373 | -k print sizes in kilobytes(default) | ||
| 374 | |||
| 375 | Example: | ||
| 376 | |||
| 377 | $ df | ||
| 378 | Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on | ||
| 379 | /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / | ||
| 380 | /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot | ||
| 381 | $ df /dev/sda3 | ||
| 382 | Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on | ||
| 383 | /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / | ||
| 384 | |||
| 385 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 386 | |||
| 387 | =item B<dirname> | ||
| 388 | |||
| 389 | dirname [FILENAME ...] | ||
| 390 | |||
| 391 | Strips non-directory suffix from FILENAME | ||
| 392 | |||
| 393 | Example: | ||
| 394 | |||
| 395 | $ dirname /tmp/foo | ||
| 396 | /tmp | ||
| 397 | $ dirname /tmp/foo/ | ||
| 398 | /tmp | ||
| 399 | |||
| 400 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 401 | |||
| 402 | =item B<dmesg> | ||
| 403 | |||
| 404 | dmesg [B<-c>] [B<-n> LEVEL] [B<-s> SIZE] | ||
| 405 | |||
| 406 | Prints or controls the kernel ring buffer | ||
| 407 | |||
| 408 | Options: | ||
| 409 | |||
| 410 | -c Clears the ring buffer's contents after printing | ||
| 411 | -n LEVEL Sets console logging level | ||
| 412 | -s SIZE Use a buffer of size SIZE | ||
| 413 | |||
| 414 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 415 | |||
| 416 | =item B<dos2unix> | ||
| 417 | |||
| 418 | dos2unix [option] [file] | ||
| 419 | |||
| 420 | Converts a text file to/from dos format to unix format. | ||
| 421 | |||
| 422 | Options: | ||
| 423 | |||
| 424 | -u output will be in UNIX format | ||
| 425 | -d output will be in DOS format | ||
| 426 | |||
| 427 | - when no option is given then input format will be automaticaly detected | ||
| 428 | |||
| 429 | and converted to the oposite format on output | ||
| 430 | - when no file is given, then stdin is used as input and stdout as output | ||
| 431 | |||
| 432 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 433 | |||
| 434 | =item B<dpkg> | ||
| 435 | |||
| 436 | dpkg [B<-i>|B<-r>|-B<-unpack>|-B<-configure>] my.deb | ||
| 437 | |||
| 438 | WORK IN PROGRESS, only usefull for debian-installer | ||
| 439 | |||
| 440 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 441 | |||
| 442 | =item B<dpkg_deb> | ||
| 443 | |||
| 444 | dpkg_deb [B<-cefItxX>] file [argument] | ||
| 445 | |||
| 446 | Perform actions on debian packages (.debs) | ||
| 447 | |||
| 448 | Options: | ||
| 449 | |||
| 450 | -c List contents of filesystem tree | ||
| 451 | -e Extract control files to [argument] directory | ||
| 452 | -f Display control field name starting with [argument] | ||
| 453 | -I Display the control filenamed [argument] | ||
| 454 | -t Extract filesystem tree to stdout in tar format | ||
| 455 | -x Exctract packages filesystem tree to directory | ||
| 456 | -X Verbose extract | ||
| 457 | |||
| 458 | Example: | ||
| 459 | |||
| 460 | $ dpkg-deb -X ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb /tmp | ||
| 461 | |||
| 462 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 463 | |||
| 464 | =item B<du> | ||
| 465 | |||
| 466 | du [B<-lshmk>] [FILE]... | ||
| 467 | |||
| 468 | Summarizes disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. | ||
| 469 | Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes. | ||
| 470 | |||
| 471 | Options: | ||
| 472 | |||
| 473 | -l count sizes many times if hard linked | ||
| 474 | -s display only a total for each argument | ||
| 475 | -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) | ||
| 476 | -m print sizes in megabytes | ||
| 477 | -k print sizes in kilobytes(default) | ||
| 478 | |||
| 479 | Example: | ||
| 480 | |||
| 481 | $ du | ||
| 482 | 16 ./CVS | ||
| 483 | 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS | ||
| 484 | 80 ./kernel-patches | ||
| 485 | 12 ./tests/CVS | ||
| 486 | 36 ./tests | ||
| 487 | 12 ./scripts/CVS | ||
| 488 | 16 ./scripts | ||
| 489 | 12 ./docs/CVS | ||
| 490 | 104 ./docs | ||
| 491 | 2417 . | ||
| 492 | |||
| 493 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 494 | |||
| 495 | =item B<dumpkmap> | ||
| 496 | |||
| 497 | dumpkmap > keymap | ||
| 498 | |||
| 499 | Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output. | ||
| 500 | |||
| 501 | Example: | ||
| 502 | |||
| 503 | $ dumpkmap > keymap | ||
| 504 | |||
| 505 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 506 | |||
| 507 | =item B<dutmp> | ||
| 508 | |||
| 509 | dutmp [FILE] | ||
| 510 | |||
| 511 | Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE | ||
| 512 | or stdin to stdout. (i.e. 'dutmp /var/run/utmp') | ||
| 513 | |||
| 514 | Example: | ||
| 515 | |||
| 516 | $ dutmp /var/run/utmp | ||
| 517 | 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0 | ||
| 518 | 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0 | ||
| 519 | 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0 | ||
| 520 | 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0 | ||
| 521 | 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0 | ||
| 522 | 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0 | ||
| 523 | 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0 | ||
| 524 | |||
| 525 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 526 | |||
| 527 | =item B<echo> | ||
| 528 | |||
| 529 | echo [B<-neE>] [ARG ...] | ||
| 530 | |||
| 531 | Prints the specified ARGs to stdout | ||
| 532 | |||
| 533 | Options: | ||
| 534 | |||
| 535 | -n suppress trailing newline | ||
| 536 | -e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc) | ||
| 537 | -E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters | ||
| 538 | |||
| 539 | Example: | ||
| 540 | |||
| 541 | $ echo "Erik is cool" | ||
| 542 | Erik is cool | ||
| 543 | $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool" | ||
| 544 | Erik | ||
| 545 | is | ||
| 546 | cool | ||
| 547 | $ echo "Erik | ||
| 548 | is | ||
| 549 | cool" | ||
| 550 | Erik | ||
| 551 | is | ||
| 552 | cool | ||
| 553 | |||
| 554 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 555 | |||
| 556 | =item B<env> | ||
| 557 | |||
| 558 | env [-] [B<-iu>] [name=value ...] [command] | ||
| 559 | |||
| 560 | Prints the current environment or runs a program after setting | ||
| 561 | up the specified environment. | ||
| 562 | |||
| 563 | Options: | ||
| 564 | |||
| 565 | -, -i start with an empty environment | ||
| 566 | -u remove variable from the environment | ||
| 567 | |||
| 568 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 569 | |||
| 570 | =item B<expr> | ||
| 571 | |||
| 572 | expr EXPRESSION | ||
| 573 | |||
| 574 | Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. | ||
| 575 | |||
| 576 | EXPRESSION may be: | ||
| 577 | |||
| 578 | ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 | ||
| 579 | ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 | ||
| 580 | ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2 | ||
| 581 | ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2 | ||
| 582 | ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2 | ||
| 583 | ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2 | ||
| 584 | ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2 | ||
| 585 | ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2 | ||
| 586 | ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2 | ||
| 587 | ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2 | ||
| 588 | ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2 | ||
| 589 | ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2 | ||
| 590 | ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2 | ||
| 591 | STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING | ||
| 592 | match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP | ||
| 593 | substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 | ||
| 594 | index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, | ||
| 595 | or 0 | ||
| 596 | length STRING length of STRING | ||
| 597 | quote TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if | ||
| 598 | it is a keyword like `match' or an | ||
| 599 | operator like `/' | ||
| 600 | ( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION | ||
| 601 | |||
| 602 | Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. | ||
| 603 | Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else | ||
| 604 | lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between | ||
| 605 | \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number | ||
| 606 | of characters matched or 0. | ||
| 607 | |||
| 608 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 609 | |||
| 610 | =item B<false> | ||
| 611 | |||
| 612 | false | ||
| 613 | |||
| 614 | Return an exit code of FALSE (1). | ||
| 615 | |||
| 616 | Example: | ||
| 617 | |||
| 618 | $ false | ||
| 619 | $ echo $? | ||
| 620 | 1 | ||
| 621 | |||
| 622 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 623 | |||
| 624 | =item B<fbset> | ||
| 625 | |||
| 626 | fbset [options] [mode] | ||
| 627 | |||
| 628 | Show and modify frame buffer settings | ||
| 629 | |||
| 630 | Example: | ||
| 631 | |||
| 632 | $ fbset | ||
| 633 | mode "1024x768-76" | ||
| 634 | # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz | ||
| 635 | geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16 | ||
| 636 | timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4 | ||
| 637 | accel false | ||
| 638 | rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0 | ||
| 639 | endmode | ||
| 640 | |||
| 641 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 642 | |||
| 643 | =item B<fdflush> | ||
| 644 | |||
| 645 | fdflush DEVICE | ||
| 646 | |||
| 647 | Forces floppy disk drive to detect disk change | ||
| 648 | |||
| 649 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 650 | |||
| 651 | =item B<find> | ||
| 652 | |||
| 653 | find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION] | ||
| 654 | |||
| 655 | Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is | ||
| 656 | the current directory; default EXPRESSION is 'B<-print>' | ||
| 657 | |||
| 658 | EXPRESSION may consist of: | ||
| 659 | |||
| 660 | -follow Dereference symbolic links. | ||
| 661 | -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN. | ||
| 662 | -print Print (default and assumed). | ||
| 663 | |||
| 664 | -type X Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) | ||
| 665 | -perm PERMS Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN); | ||
| 666 | or exactly (NNN) | ||
| 667 | -mtime TIME Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N); | ||
| 668 | or exactly (N) days | ||
| 669 | |||
| 670 | Example: | ||
| 671 | |||
| 672 | $ find / -name /etc/passwd | ||
| 673 | /etc/passwd | ||
| 674 | |||
| 675 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 676 | |||
| 677 | =item B<free> | ||
| 678 | |||
| 679 | free | ||
| 680 | |||
| 681 | Displays the amount of free and used system memory | ||
| 682 | |||
| 683 | Example: | ||
| 684 | |||
| 685 | $ free | ||
| 686 | total used free shared buffers | ||
| 687 | Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124 | ||
| 688 | Swap: 128516 8404 120112 | ||
| 689 | Total: 386144 257128 129016 | ||
| 690 | |||
| 691 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 692 | |||
| 693 | =item B<freeramdisk> | ||
| 694 | |||
| 695 | freeramdisk DEVICE | ||
| 696 | |||
| 697 | Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk. | ||
| 698 | |||
| 699 | Example: | ||
| 700 | |||
| 701 | $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2 | ||
| 702 | |||
| 703 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 704 | |||
| 705 | =item B<fsck_minix> | ||
| 706 | |||
| 707 | fsck_minix [B<-larvsmf>] /dev/name | ||
| 708 | |||
| 709 | Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems. | ||
| 710 | |||
| 711 | Options: | ||
| 712 | |||
| 713 | -l Lists all filenames | ||
| 714 | -r Perform interactive repairs | ||
| 715 | -a Perform automatic repairs | ||
| 716 | -v verbose | ||
| 717 | -s Outputs super-block information | ||
| 718 | -m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings | ||
| 719 | -f Force file system check. | ||
| 720 | |||
| 721 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 722 | |||
| 723 | =item B<getopt> | ||
| 724 | |||
| 725 | getopt [OPTIONS]... | ||
| 726 | |||
| 727 | Parse command options | ||
| 728 | |||
| 729 | -a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single - | ||
| 730 | -l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized | ||
| 731 | -n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported | ||
| 732 | -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized | ||
| 733 | -q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) | ||
| 734 | -Q, --quiet-output No normal output | ||
| 735 | -s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions | ||
| 736 | -T, --test Test for getopt(1) version | ||
| 737 | -u, --unqote Do not quote the output | ||
| 738 | |||
| 739 | Example: | ||
| 740 | |||
| 741 | $ cat getopt.test | ||
| 742 | #!/bin/sh | ||
| 743 | GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \ | ||
| 744 | -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"` | ||
| 745 | if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi | ||
| 746 | eval set -- "$GETOPT" | ||
| 747 | while true ; do | ||
| 748 | case $1 in | ||
| 749 | -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;; | ||
| 750 | -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;; | ||
| 751 | -c|--c-long) | ||
| 752 | case "$2" in | ||
| 753 | "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;; | ||
| 754 | *) echo "Option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;; | ||
| 755 | esac ;; | ||
| 756 | --) shift ; break ;; | ||
| 757 | *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;; | ||
| 758 | esac | ||
| 759 | done | ||
| 760 | |||
| 761 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 762 | |||
| 763 | =item B<grep> | ||
| 764 | |||
| 765 | grep [B<-ihHnqvs>] pattern [files...] | ||
| 766 | |||
| 767 | Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input. | ||
| 768 | |||
| 769 | Options: | ||
| 770 | |||
| 771 | -H prefix output lines with filename where match was found | ||
| 772 | -h suppress the prefixing filename on output | ||
| 773 | -i ignore case distinctions | ||
| 774 | -l list names of files that match | ||
| 775 | -n print line number with output lines | ||
| 776 | -q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise | ||
| 777 | -v select non-matching lines | ||
| 778 | -s suppress file open/read error messages | ||
| 779 | |||
| 780 | Example: | ||
| 781 | |||
| 782 | $ grep root /etc/passwd | ||
| 783 | root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash | ||
| 784 | $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd | ||
| 785 | root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash | ||
| 786 | |||
| 787 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 788 | |||
| 789 | =item B<gunzip> | ||
| 790 | |||
| 791 | gunzip [OPTION]... FILE | ||
| 792 | |||
| 793 | Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-'). | ||
| 794 | |||
| 795 | Options: | ||
| 796 | |||
| 797 | -c Write output to standard output | ||
| 798 | -t Test compressed file integrity | ||
| 799 | |||
| 800 | Example: | ||
| 801 | |||
| 802 | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* | ||
| 803 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz | ||
| 804 | $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz | ||
| 805 | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* | ||
| 806 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar | ||
| 807 | |||
| 808 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 809 | |||
| 810 | =item B<gzip> | ||
| 811 | |||
| 812 | gzip [OPTION]... FILE | ||
| 813 | |||
| 814 | Compress FILE with maximum compression. | ||
| 815 | When FILE is '-', reads standard input. Implies B<-c>. | ||
| 816 | |||
| 817 | Options: | ||
| 818 | |||
| 819 | -c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz | ||
| 820 | -d decompress | ||
| 821 | |||
| 822 | Example: | ||
| 823 | |||
| 824 | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* | ||
| 825 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar | ||
| 826 | $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar | ||
| 827 | $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* | ||
| 828 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz | ||
| 829 | |||
| 830 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 831 | |||
| 832 | =item B<halt> | ||
| 833 | |||
| 834 | halt | ||
| 835 | |||
| 836 | Halt the system. | ||
| 837 | |||
| 838 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 839 | |||
| 840 | =item B<head> | ||
| 841 | |||
| 842 | head [OPTION] [FILE]... | ||
| 843 | |||
| 844 | Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. | ||
| 845 | With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the | ||
| 846 | file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. | ||
| 847 | |||
| 848 | Options: | ||
| 849 | |||
| 850 | -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 | ||
| 851 | |||
| 852 | Example: | ||
| 853 | |||
| 854 | $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd | ||
| 855 | root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash | ||
| 856 | daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh | ||
| 857 | |||
| 858 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 859 | |||
| 860 | =item B<hostid> | ||
| 861 | |||
| 862 | hostid | ||
| 863 | |||
| 864 | Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine. | ||
| 865 | |||
| 866 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 867 | |||
| 868 | =item B<hostname> | ||
| 869 | |||
| 870 | hostname [OPTION] {hostname | B<-F> file} | ||
| 871 | |||
| 872 | Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given | ||
| 873 | (or a file with the B<-F> parameter), the host name will be set. | ||
| 874 | |||
| 875 | Options: | ||
| 876 | |||
| 877 | -s Short | ||
| 878 | -i Addresses for the hostname | ||
| 879 | -d DNS domain name | ||
| 880 | -F, --file FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname | ||
| 881 | |||
| 882 | Example: | ||
| 883 | |||
| 884 | $ hostname | ||
| 885 | slag | ||
| 886 | |||
| 887 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 888 | |||
| 889 | =item B<id> | ||
| 890 | |||
| 891 | id [OPTIONS]... [USERNAME] | ||
| 892 | |||
| 893 | Print information for USERNAME or the current user | ||
| 894 | |||
| 895 | Options: | ||
| 896 | |||
| 897 | -g prints only the group ID | ||
| 898 | -u prints only the user ID | ||
| 899 | -n print a name instead of a number (with for -ug) | ||
| 900 | -r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug) | ||
| 901 | |||
| 902 | Example: | ||
| 903 | |||
| 904 | $ id | ||
| 905 | uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen) | ||
| 906 | |||
| 907 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 908 | |||
| 909 | =item B<ifconfig> | ||
| 910 | |||
| 911 | ifconfig [B<-a>] <interface> [<address>] | ||
| 912 | |||
| 913 | configure a network interface | ||
| 914 | |||
| 915 | Options: | ||
| 916 | |||
| 917 | [[-]broadcast [<address>]] [[-]pointopoint [<address>]] | ||
| 918 | [netmask <address>] [dstaddr <address>] | ||
| 919 | [outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>] | ||
| 920 | [hw ether <address>] [metric <NN>] [mtu <NN>] | ||
| 921 | [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] | ||
| 922 | [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen <NN>] [[-]dynamic] | ||
| 923 | [mem_start <NN>] [io_addr <NN>] [irq <NN>] | ||
| 924 | [up|down] ... | ||
| 925 | |||
| 926 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 927 | |||
| 928 | =item B<init> | ||
| 929 | |||
| 930 | init | ||
| 931 | |||
| 932 | Init is the parent of all processes. | ||
| 933 | |||
| 934 | This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel. | ||
| 935 | |||
| 936 | BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of | ||
| 937 | the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want | ||
| 938 | runlevels, use sysvinit. | ||
| 939 | |||
| 940 | BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, | ||
| 941 | it has the following default behavior: | ||
| 942 | |||
| 943 | ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS | ||
| 944 | ::askfirst:/bin/sh | ||
| 945 | ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot | ||
| 946 | ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a | ||
| 947 | ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r | ||
| 948 | |||
| 949 | if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also run: | ||
| 950 | |||
| 951 | tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh | ||
| 952 | tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh | ||
| 953 | tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh | ||
| 954 | |||
| 955 | If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows: | ||
| 956 | |||
| 957 | <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process> | ||
| 958 | |||
| 959 | <id>: | ||
| 960 | |||
| 961 | WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init! | ||
| 962 | The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for | ||
| 963 | the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are | ||
| 964 | appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to | ||
| 965 | be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this | ||
| 966 | field is left blank, the controlling tty is set to the console. Also | ||
| 967 | note that if BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then only | ||
| 968 | entries whose controlling tty is either the serial console or /dev/null | ||
| 969 | will be run. BusyBox init does nothing with utmp. We don't need no | ||
| 970 | stinkin' utmp. | ||
| 971 | |||
| 972 | <runlevels>: | ||
| 973 | |||
| 974 | The runlevels field is completely ignored. | ||
| 975 | |||
| 976 | <action>: | ||
| 977 | |||
| 978 | Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, | ||
| 979 | once, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown. | ||
| 980 | |||
| 981 | The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions | ||
| 982 | that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified | ||
| 983 | process exits. | ||
| 984 | |||
| 985 | Run only-once actions: | ||
| 986 | |||
| 987 | 'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all | ||
| 988 | sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the | ||
| 989 | completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run. | ||
| 990 | 'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until | ||
| 991 | the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asyncronous, | ||
| 992 | therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'ctrlaltdel' | ||
| 993 | actions are run when the system detects that someone on the system | ||
| 994 | console has pressed the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination. Typically one | ||
| 995 | wants to run 'reboot' at this point to cause the system to reboot. | ||
| 996 | Finally the 'shutdown' action specifies the actions to taken when | ||
| 997 | init is told to reboot. Unmounting filesystems and disabling swap | ||
| 998 | is a very good here | ||
| 999 | |||
| 1000 | Run repeatedly actions: | ||
| 1001 | |||
| 1002 | 'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process | ||
| 1003 | started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts | ||
| 1004 | it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from | ||
| 1005 | respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like | ||
| 1006 | respawn, except that before running the specified process it | ||
| 1007 | displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console." | ||
| 1008 | and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the | ||
| 1009 | specified process. | ||
| 1010 | |||
| 1011 | Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an | ||
| 1012 | error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are | ||
| 1013 | run in the reverse order from how they appear in /etc/inittab. | ||
| 1014 | |||
| 1015 | <process>: | ||
| 1016 | |||
| 1017 | Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line. | ||
| 1018 | |||
| 1019 | Example /etc/inittab file: | ||
| 1020 | |||
| 1021 | # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode. | ||
| 1022 | # | ||
| 1023 | ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS | ||
| 1024 | |||
| 1025 | # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys | ||
| 1026 | # | ||
| 1027 | # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be) | ||
| 1028 | ::askfirst:-/bin/sh | ||
| 1029 | # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4 | ||
| 1030 | tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh | ||
| 1031 | tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh | ||
| 1032 | tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh | ||
| 1033 | |||
| 1034 | # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys | ||
| 1035 | # | ||
| 1036 | tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 | ||
| 1037 | tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6 | ||
| 1038 | |||
| 1039 | |||
| 1040 | # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal) | ||
| 1041 | # | ||
| 1042 | #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100 | ||
| 1043 | #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100 | ||
| 1044 | # | ||
| 1045 | # Example how to put a getty on a modem line. | ||
| 1046 | #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2 | ||
| 1047 | |||
| 1048 | # Stuff to do before rebooting | ||
| 1049 | ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot | ||
| 1050 | ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r | ||
| 1051 | ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a | ||
| 1052 | |||
| 1053 | |||
| 1054 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1055 | |||
| 1056 | =item B<insmod> | ||
| 1057 | |||
| 1058 | insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]... | ||
| 1059 | |||
| 1060 | Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel. | ||
| 1061 | |||
| 1062 | Options: | ||
| 1063 | |||
| 1064 | -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version. | ||
| 1065 | -k Make module autoclean-able. | ||
| 1066 | -v verbose output | ||
| 1067 | -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module | ||
| 1068 | -x do not export externs | ||
| 1069 | |||
| 1070 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1071 | |||
| 1072 | =item B<kill> | ||
| 1073 | |||
| 1074 | kill [B<-signal>] process-id [process-id ...] | ||
| 1075 | |||
| 1076 | Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es). | ||
| 1077 | |||
| 1078 | Options: | ||
| 1079 | |||
| 1080 | -l List all signal names and numbers. | ||
| 1081 | |||
| 1082 | Example: | ||
| 1083 | |||
| 1084 | $ ps | grep apache | ||
| 1085 | 252 root root S [apache] | ||
| 1086 | 263 www-data www-data S [apache] | ||
| 1087 | 264 www-data www-data S [apache] | ||
| 1088 | 265 www-data www-data S [apache] | ||
| 1089 | 266 www-data www-data S [apache] | ||
| 1090 | 267 www-data www-data S [apache] | ||
| 1091 | $ kill 252 | ||
| 1092 | |||
| 1093 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1094 | |||
| 1095 | =item B<killall> | ||
| 1096 | |||
| 1097 | killall [B<-signal>] process-name [process-name ...] | ||
| 1098 | |||
| 1099 | Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es). | ||
| 1100 | |||
| 1101 | Options: | ||
| 1102 | |||
| 1103 | -l List all signal names and numbers. | ||
| 1104 | |||
| 1105 | Example: | ||
| 1106 | |||
| 1107 | $ killall apache | ||
| 1108 | |||
| 1109 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1110 | |||
| 1111 | =item B<klogd> | ||
| 1112 | |||
| 1113 | klogd B<-n> | ||
| 1114 | |||
| 1115 | Kernel logger. | ||
| 1116 | Options: | ||
| 1117 | |||
| 1118 | -n Run as a foreground process. | ||
| 1119 | |||
| 1120 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1121 | |||
| 1122 | =item B<length> | ||
| 1123 | |||
| 1124 | length STRING | ||
| 1125 | |||
| 1126 | Prints out the length of the specified STRING. | ||
| 1127 | |||
| 1128 | Example: | ||
| 1129 | |||
| 1130 | $ length Hello | ||
| 1131 | 5 | ||
| 1132 | |||
| 1133 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1134 | |||
| 1135 | =item B<ln> | ||
| 1136 | |||
| 1137 | ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY | ||
| 1138 | |||
| 1139 | Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET | ||
| 1140 | |||
| 1141 | You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options. | ||
| 1142 | |||
| 1143 | Options: | ||
| 1144 | |||
| 1145 | -s make symbolic links instead of hard links | ||
| 1146 | -f remove existing destination files | ||
| 1147 | -n no dereference symlinks - treat like normal file | ||
| 1148 | |||
| 1149 | Example: | ||
| 1150 | |||
| 1151 | $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls | ||
| 1152 | $ ls -l /tmp/ls | ||
| 1153 | lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox* | ||
| 1154 | |||
| 1155 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1156 | |||
| 1157 | =item B<loadacm> | ||
| 1158 | |||
| 1159 | loadacm < mapfile | ||
| 1160 | |||
| 1161 | Loads an acm from standard input. | ||
| 1162 | |||
| 1163 | Example: | ||
| 1164 | |||
| 1165 | $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname | ||
| 1166 | |||
| 1167 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1168 | |||
| 1169 | =item B<loadfont> | ||
| 1170 | |||
| 1171 | loadfont < font | ||
| 1172 | |||
| 1173 | Loads a console font from standard input. | ||
| 1174 | |||
| 1175 | Example: | ||
| 1176 | |||
| 1177 | $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname | ||
| 1178 | |||
| 1179 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1180 | |||
| 1181 | =item B<loadkmap> | ||
| 1182 | |||
| 1183 | loadkmap < keymap | ||
| 1184 | |||
| 1185 | Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input. | ||
| 1186 | |||
| 1187 | Example: | ||
| 1188 | |||
| 1189 | $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap | ||
| 1190 | |||
| 1191 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1192 | |||
| 1193 | =item B<logger> | ||
| 1194 | |||
| 1195 | logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE] | ||
| 1196 | |||
| 1197 | Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin. | ||
| 1198 | |||
| 1199 | Options: | ||
| 1200 | |||
| 1201 | -s Log to stderr as well as the system log. | ||
| 1202 | -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name). | ||
| 1203 | -p Enter the message with the specified priority. | ||
| 1204 | This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair. | ||
| 1205 | |||
| 1206 | Example: | ||
| 1207 | |||
| 1208 | $ logger "hello" | ||
| 1209 | |||
| 1210 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1211 | |||
| 1212 | =item B<logname> | ||
| 1213 | |||
| 1214 | logname | ||
| 1215 | |||
| 1216 | Print the name of the current user. | ||
| 1217 | |||
| 1218 | Example: | ||
| 1219 | |||
| 1220 | $ logname | ||
| 1221 | root | ||
| 1222 | |||
| 1223 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1224 | |||
| 1225 | =item B<logread> | ||
| 1226 | |||
| 1227 | logread | ||
| 1228 | |||
| 1229 | Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer). | ||
| 1230 | |||
| 1231 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1232 | |||
| 1233 | =item B<ls> | ||
| 1234 | |||
| 1235 | ls [B<-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk>] [filenames...] | ||
| 1236 | |||
| 1237 | List directory contents | ||
| 1238 | |||
| 1239 | Options: | ||
| 1240 | |||
| 1241 | -1 list files in a single column | ||
| 1242 | -A do not list implied . and .. | ||
| 1243 | -a do not hide entries starting with . | ||
| 1244 | -C list entries by columns | ||
| 1245 | -c with -l: show ctime | ||
| 1246 | -d list directory entries instead of contents | ||
| 1247 | -e list both full date and full time | ||
| 1248 | -F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries | ||
| 1249 | -i list the i-node for each file | ||
| 1250 | -l use a long listing format | ||
| 1251 | -n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names | ||
| 1252 | -p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries | ||
| 1253 | -L list entries pointed to by symbolic links | ||
| 1254 | -R list subdirectories recursively | ||
| 1255 | -r sort the listing in reverse order | ||
| 1256 | -S sort the listing by file size | ||
| 1257 | -s list the size of each file, in blocks | ||
| 1258 | -T NUM assume Tabstop every NUM columns | ||
| 1259 | -t with -l: show modification time | ||
| 1260 | -u with -l: show access time | ||
| 1261 | -v sort the listing by version | ||
| 1262 | -w NUM assume the terminal is NUM columns wide | ||
| 1263 | -x list entries by lines instead of by columns | ||
| 1264 | -X sort the listing by extension | ||
| 1265 | -h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) | ||
| 1266 | -k print sizes in kilobytes(default) | ||
| 1267 | |||
| 1268 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1269 | |||
| 1270 | =item B<lsmod> | ||
| 1271 | |||
| 1272 | lsmod | ||
| 1273 | |||
| 1274 | List the currently loaded kernel modules. | ||
| 1275 | |||
| 1276 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1277 | |||
| 1278 | =item B<makedevs> | ||
| 1279 | |||
| 1280 | makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s] | ||
| 1281 | |||
| 1282 | Creates a range of block or character special files | ||
| 1283 | |||
| 1284 | TYPEs include: | ||
| 1285 | |||
| 1286 | b: Make a block (buffered) device. | ||
| 1287 | c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. | ||
| 1288 | p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes. | ||
| 1289 | |||
| 1290 | FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device. | ||
| 1291 | LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. | ||
| 1292 | If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as well. | ||
| 1293 | |||
| 1294 | For example: | ||
| 1295 | |||
| 1296 | makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 -> ttyS2-ttyS63 | ||
| 1297 | makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s -> hda,hda1-hda8 | ||
| 1298 | |||
| 1299 | Example: | ||
| 1300 | |||
| 1301 | $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 | ||
| 1302 | [creates ttyS2-ttyS63] | ||
| 1303 | $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s | ||
| 1304 | [creates hda,hda1-hda8] | ||
| 1305 | |||
| 1306 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1307 | |||
| 1308 | =item B<md5sum> | ||
| 1309 | |||
| 1310 | md5sum [OPTION] [FILE]... | ||
| 1311 | or: md5sum [OPTION] B<-c> [FILE] | ||
| 1312 | |||
| 1313 | Print or check MD5 checksums. | ||
| 1314 | |||
| 1315 | Options: | ||
| 1316 | With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. | ||
| 1317 | |||
| 1318 | -b read files in binary mode | ||
| 1319 | -c check MD5 sums against given list | ||
| 1320 | -t read files in text mode (default) | ||
| 1321 | -g read a string | ||
| 1322 | |||
| 1323 | The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums: | ||
| 1324 | |||
| 1325 | -s don't output anything, status code shows success | ||
| 1326 | -w warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines | ||
| 1327 | |||
| 1328 | Example: | ||
| 1329 | |||
| 1330 | $ md5sum < busybox | ||
| 1331 | 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 | ||
| 1332 | $ md5sum busybox | ||
| 1333 | 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox | ||
| 1334 | $ md5sum -c - | ||
| 1335 | 6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox | ||
| 1336 | busybox: OK | ||
| 1337 | ^D | ||
| 1338 | |||
| 1339 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1340 | |||
| 1341 | =item B<mkdir> | ||
| 1342 | |||
| 1343 | mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY... | ||
| 1344 | |||
| 1345 | Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist | ||
| 1346 | |||
| 1347 | Options: | ||
| 1348 | |||
| 1349 | -m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask | ||
| 1350 | -p no error if existing, make parent directories as needed | ||
| 1351 | |||
| 1352 | Example: | ||
| 1353 | |||
| 1354 | $ mkdir /tmp/foo | ||
| 1355 | $ mkdir /tmp/foo | ||
| 1356 | /tmp/foo: File exists | ||
| 1357 | $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz | ||
| 1358 | /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory | ||
| 1359 | $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz | ||
| 1360 | |||
| 1361 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1362 | |||
| 1363 | =item B<mkfifo> | ||
| 1364 | |||
| 1365 | mkfifo [OPTIONS] name | ||
| 1366 | |||
| 1367 | Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p') | ||
| 1368 | |||
| 1369 | Options: | ||
| 1370 | |||
| 1371 | -m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw) | ||
| 1372 | |||
| 1373 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1374 | |||
| 1375 | =item B<mkfs_minix> | ||
| 1376 | |||
| 1377 | mkfs_minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks] | ||
| 1378 | |||
| 1379 | Make a MINIX filesystem. | ||
| 1380 | |||
| 1381 | Options: | ||
| 1382 | |||
| 1383 | -c Check the device for bad blocks | ||
| 1384 | -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames | ||
| 1385 | -i INODES Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem | ||
| 1386 | -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME | ||
| 1387 | -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem | ||
| 1388 | |||
| 1389 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1390 | |||
| 1391 | =item B<mknod> | ||
| 1392 | |||
| 1393 | mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR | ||
| 1394 | |||
| 1395 | Create a special file (block, character, or pipe). | ||
| 1396 | |||
| 1397 | Options: | ||
| 1398 | |||
| 1399 | -m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) | ||
| 1400 | |||
| 1401 | TYPEs include: | ||
| 1402 | |||
| 1403 | b: Make a block (buffered) device. | ||
| 1404 | c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. | ||
| 1405 | p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes. | ||
| 1406 | |||
| 1407 | Example: | ||
| 1408 | |||
| 1409 | $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 | ||
| 1410 | $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p | ||
| 1411 | |||
| 1412 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1413 | |||
| 1414 | =item B<mkswap> | ||
| 1415 | |||
| 1416 | mkswap [B<-c>] [B<-v0>|B<-v1>] device [block-count] | ||
| 1417 | |||
| 1418 | Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition. | ||
| 1419 | |||
| 1420 | Options: | ||
| 1421 | |||
| 1422 | -c Check for read-ability. | ||
| 1423 | -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs]. | ||
| 1424 | -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > | ||
| 1425 | 2.1.117). | ||
| 1426 | block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition). | ||
| 1427 | |||
| 1428 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1429 | |||
| 1430 | =item B<mktemp> | ||
| 1431 | |||
| 1432 | mktemp [B<-q>] TEMPLATE | ||
| 1433 | |||
| 1434 | Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. | ||
| 1435 | TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX). | ||
| 1436 | |||
| 1437 | Example: | ||
| 1438 | |||
| 1439 | $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX | ||
| 1440 | /tmp/temp.mWiLjM | ||
| 1441 | $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM | ||
| 1442 | -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM | ||
| 1443 | |||
| 1444 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1445 | |||
| 1446 | =item B<more> | ||
| 1447 | |||
| 1448 | more [FILE ...] | ||
| 1449 | |||
| 1450 | More is a filter for viewing FILE one screenful at a time. | ||
| 1451 | |||
| 1452 | Example: | ||
| 1453 | |||
| 1454 | $ dmesg | more | ||
| 1455 | |||
| 1456 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1457 | |||
| 1458 | =item B<mount> | ||
| 1459 | |||
| 1460 | mount [flags] device directory [B<-o> options,more-options] | ||
| 1461 | |||
| 1462 | Mount a filesystem | ||
| 1463 | |||
| 1464 | Flags: | ||
| 1465 | |||
| 1466 | -a: Mount all filesystems in fstab. | ||
| 1467 | -f: "Fake" Add entry to mount table but don't mount it. | ||
| 1468 | -n: Don't write a mount table entry. | ||
| 1469 | -o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below. | ||
| 1470 | -r: Mount the filesystem read-only. | ||
| 1471 | -t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type. | ||
| 1472 | -w: Mount for reading and writing (default). | ||
| 1473 | |||
| 1474 | Options for use with the "B<-o>" flag: | ||
| 1475 | |||
| 1476 | async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous. | ||
| 1477 | atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times. | ||
| 1478 | dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them. | ||
| 1479 | exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them. | ||
| 1480 | loop: Mounts a file via loop device. | ||
| 1481 | suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them. | ||
| 1482 | remount: Re-mount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags. | ||
| 1483 | ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write. | ||
| 1484 | |||
| 1485 | There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem. | ||
| 1486 | You'll have to see the written documentation for those. | ||
| 1487 | |||
| 1488 | Example: | ||
| 1489 | |||
| 1490 | $ mount | ||
| 1491 | /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw) | ||
| 1492 | proc on /proc type proc (rw) | ||
| 1493 | devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw) | ||
| 1494 | $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro | ||
| 1495 | $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop | ||
| 1496 | |||
| 1497 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1498 | |||
| 1499 | =item B<mt> | ||
| 1500 | |||
| 1501 | mt [B<-f> device] opcode value | ||
| 1502 | |||
| 1503 | Control magnetic tape drive operation | ||
| 1504 | |||
| 1505 | Available Opcodes: | ||
| 1506 | |||
| 1507 | bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase | ||
| 1508 | fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 | ||
| 1509 | ras3 reset retension rew rewoffline seek setblk setdensity | ||
| 1510 | setpart tell unload unlock weof wset | ||
| 1511 | |||
| 1512 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1513 | |||
| 1514 | =item B<mv> | ||
| 1515 | |||
| 1516 | mv SOURCE DEST | ||
| 1517 | or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY | ||
| 1518 | |||
| 1519 | Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. | ||
| 1520 | |||
| 1521 | Example: | ||
| 1522 | |||
| 1523 | $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar | ||
| 1524 | |||
| 1525 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1526 | |||
| 1527 | =item B<nc> | ||
| 1528 | |||
| 1529 | nc [IP] [port] | ||
| 1530 | |||
| 1531 | Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port | ||
| 1532 | |||
| 1533 | Example: | ||
| 1534 | |||
| 1535 | $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25 | ||
| 1536 | 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600 | ||
| 1537 | help | ||
| 1538 | 214-Commands supported: | ||
| 1539 | 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH | ||
| 1540 | 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP | ||
| 1541 | quit | ||
| 1542 | 221 foobar closing connection | ||
| 1543 | |||
| 1544 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1545 | |||
| 1546 | =item B<nslookup> | ||
| 1547 | |||
| 1548 | nslookup [HOST] | ||
| 1549 | |||
| 1550 | Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST | ||
| 1551 | |||
| 1552 | Example: | ||
| 1553 | |||
| 1554 | $ nslookup localhost | ||
| 1555 | Server: default | ||
| 1556 | Address: default | ||
| 1557 | |||
| 1558 | Name: debian | ||
| 1559 | Address: 127.0.0.1 | ||
| 1560 | |||
| 1561 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1562 | |||
| 1563 | =item B<ping> | ||
| 1564 | |||
| 1565 | ping [OPTION]... host | ||
| 1566 | |||
| 1567 | Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. | ||
| 1568 | |||
| 1569 | Options: | ||
| 1570 | |||
| 1571 | -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings. | ||
| 1572 | -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56). | ||
| 1573 | -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start | ||
| 1574 | and when finished. | ||
| 1575 | |||
| 1576 | Example: | ||
| 1577 | |||
| 1578 | $ ping localhost | ||
| 1579 | PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes | ||
| 1580 | 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms | ||
| 1581 | |||
| 1582 | --- debian ping statistics --- | ||
| 1583 | 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss | ||
| 1584 | round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms | ||
| 1585 | |||
| 1586 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1587 | |||
| 1588 | =item B<pivot_root> | ||
| 1589 | |||
| 1590 | pivot_root new_root put_old | ||
| 1591 | |||
| 1592 | Move the current root file system to put_old and make new_root | ||
| 1593 | the new root file system. | ||
| 1594 | |||
| 1595 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1596 | |||
| 1597 | =item B<poweroff> | ||
| 1598 | |||
| 1599 | poweroff | ||
| 1600 | |||
| 1601 | Halt the system and request that the kernel shut off the power. | ||
| 1602 | |||
| 1603 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1604 | |||
| 1605 | =item B<printf> | ||
| 1606 | |||
| 1607 | printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...] | ||
| 1608 | |||
| 1609 | Formats and prints ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, | ||
| 1610 | Where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf. | ||
| 1611 | |||
| 1612 | Example: | ||
| 1613 | |||
| 1614 | $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5 | ||
| 1615 | Val=5 | ||
| 1616 | |||
| 1617 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1618 | |||
| 1619 | =item B<ps> | ||
| 1620 | |||
| 1621 | ps | ||
| 1622 | |||
| 1623 | Report process status | ||
| 1624 | |||
| 1625 | This version of ps accepts no options. | ||
| 1626 | |||
| 1627 | Example: | ||
| 1628 | |||
| 1629 | $ ps | ||
| 1630 | PID Uid Gid State Command | ||
| 1631 | 1 root root S init | ||
| 1632 | 2 root root S [kflushd] | ||
| 1633 | 3 root root S [kupdate] | ||
| 1634 | 4 root root S [kpiod] | ||
| 1635 | 5 root root S [kswapd] | ||
| 1636 | 742 andersen andersen S [bash] | ||
| 1637 | 743 andersen andersen S -bash | ||
| 1638 | 745 root root S [getty] | ||
| 1639 | 2990 andersen andersen R ps | ||
| 1640 | |||
| 1641 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1642 | |||
| 1643 | =item B<pwd> | ||
| 1644 | |||
| 1645 | pwd | ||
| 1646 | |||
| 1647 | Print the full filename of the current working directory. | ||
| 1648 | |||
| 1649 | Example: | ||
| 1650 | |||
| 1651 | $ pwd | ||
| 1652 | /root | ||
| 1653 | |||
| 1654 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1655 | |||
| 1656 | =item B<rdate> | ||
| 1657 | |||
| 1658 | rdate [OPTION] HOST | ||
| 1659 | |||
| 1660 | Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST. | ||
| 1661 | |||
| 1662 | Options: | ||
| 1663 | |||
| 1664 | -s Set the system date and time (default). | ||
| 1665 | -p Print the date and time. | ||
| 1666 | |||
| 1667 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1668 | |||
| 1669 | =item B<readlink> | ||
| 1670 | |||
| 1671 | readlink | ||
| 1672 | |||
| 1673 | Read a symbolic link. | ||
| 1674 | |||
| 1675 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1676 | |||
| 1677 | =item B<reboot> | ||
| 1678 | |||
| 1679 | reboot | ||
| 1680 | |||
| 1681 | Reboot the system. | ||
| 1682 | |||
| 1683 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1684 | |||
| 1685 | =item B<renice> | ||
| 1686 | |||
| 1687 | renice priority pid [pid ...] | ||
| 1688 | |||
| 1689 | Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range | ||
| 1690 | from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0 | ||
| 1691 | (default priority) to B<-20> (almost nothing else ever gets to run). | ||
| 1692 | |||
| 1693 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1694 | |||
| 1695 | =item B<reset> | ||
| 1696 | |||
| 1697 | reset | ||
| 1698 | |||
| 1699 | Resets the screen. | ||
| 1700 | |||
| 1701 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1702 | |||
| 1703 | =item B<rm> | ||
| 1704 | |||
| 1705 | rm [OPTION]... FILE... | ||
| 1706 | |||
| 1707 | Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to | ||
| 1708 | indicate that all following arguments are non-options. | ||
| 1709 | |||
| 1710 | Options: | ||
| 1711 | |||
| 1712 | -i always prompt before removing each destinations | ||
| 1713 | -f remove existing destinations, never prompt | ||
| 1714 | -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively | ||
| 1715 | |||
| 1716 | Example: | ||
| 1717 | |||
| 1718 | $ rm -rf /tmp/foo | ||
| 1719 | |||
| 1720 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1721 | |||
| 1722 | =item B<rmdir> | ||
| 1723 | |||
| 1724 | rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... | ||
| 1725 | |||
| 1726 | Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty. | ||
| 1727 | |||
| 1728 | Example: | ||
| 1729 | |||
| 1730 | # rmdir /tmp/foo | ||
| 1731 | |||
| 1732 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1733 | |||
| 1734 | =item B<rmmod> | ||
| 1735 | |||
| 1736 | rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]... | ||
| 1737 | |||
| 1738 | Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel. | ||
| 1739 | |||
| 1740 | Options: | ||
| 1741 | |||
| 1742 | -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules. | ||
| 1743 | |||
| 1744 | Example: | ||
| 1745 | |||
| 1746 | $ rmmod tulip | ||
| 1747 | |||
| 1748 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1749 | |||
| 1750 | =item B<route> | ||
| 1751 | |||
| 1752 | route [{add|del|flush}] | ||
| 1753 | |||
| 1754 | Edit the kernel's routing tables | ||
| 1755 | |||
| 1756 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1757 | |||
| 1758 | =item B<rpmunpack> | ||
| 1759 | |||
| 1760 | rpmunpack < package.rpm | gunzip | cpio B<-idmuv> | ||
| 1761 | |||
| 1762 | Extracts an rpm archive. | ||
| 1763 | |||
| 1764 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1765 | |||
| 1766 | =item B<sed> | ||
| 1767 | |||
| 1768 | sed [B<-Vhnef>] pattern [files...] | ||
| 1769 | |||
| 1770 | Options: | ||
| 1771 | |||
| 1772 | -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space | ||
| 1773 | -e script add the script to the commands to be executed | ||
| 1774 | -f scriptfile add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed | ||
| 1775 | -h display this help message | ||
| 1776 | |||
| 1777 | If no B<-e> or B<-f> is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the | ||
| 1778 | sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input | ||
| 1779 | files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. | ||
| 1780 | |||
| 1781 | Example: | ||
| 1782 | |||
| 1783 | $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g' | ||
| 1784 | bar | ||
| 1785 | |||
| 1786 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1787 | |||
| 1788 | =item B<setkeycodes> | ||
| 1789 | |||
| 1790 | setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ... | ||
| 1791 | |||
| 1792 | Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, | ||
| 1793 | allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes. | ||
| 1794 | |||
| 1795 | SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), | ||
| 1796 | and KEYCODE is given in decimal | ||
| 1797 | |||
| 1798 | Example: | ||
| 1799 | |||
| 1800 | $ setkeycodes e030 127 | ||
| 1801 | |||
| 1802 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1803 | |||
| 1804 | =item B<sh> | ||
| 1805 | |||
| 1806 | sh [FILE]... | ||
| 1807 | or: sh B<-c> command [args]... | ||
| 1808 | |||
| 1809 | lash: The BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter) | ||
| 1810 | |||
| 1811 | This command does not yet have proper documentation. | ||
| 1812 | |||
| 1813 | Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes, | ||
| 1814 | redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts, and has a | ||
| 1815 | sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not (yet) support | ||
| 1816 | Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like "if-then-else", "while", and such | ||
| 1817 | use ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and extremely small shell, | ||
| 1818 | this will do the job. | ||
| 1819 | |||
| 1820 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1821 | |||
| 1822 | =item B<sleep> | ||
| 1823 | |||
| 1824 | sleep N | ||
| 1825 | |||
| 1826 | Pause for N seconds. | ||
| 1827 | |||
| 1828 | Example: | ||
| 1829 | |||
| 1830 | $ sleep 2 | ||
| 1831 | [2 second delay results] | ||
| 1832 | |||
| 1833 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1834 | |||
| 1835 | =item B<sort> | ||
| 1836 | |||
| 1837 | sort [B<-nru>] [FILE]... | ||
| 1838 | |||
| 1839 | Sorts lines of text in the specified files | ||
| 1840 | |||
| 1841 | Options: | ||
| 1842 | |||
| 1843 | -u suppress duplicate lines | ||
| 1844 | -r sort in reverse order | ||
| 1845 | -n sort numerics | ||
| 1846 | |||
| 1847 | Example: | ||
| 1848 | |||
| 1849 | $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort | ||
| 1850 | a | ||
| 1851 | b | ||
| 1852 | c | ||
| 1853 | d | ||
| 1854 | e | ||
| 1855 | f | ||
| 1856 | |||
| 1857 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1858 | |||
| 1859 | =item B<stty> | ||
| 1860 | |||
| 1861 | stty [B<-a>|g] [B<-F> device] [SETTING]... | ||
| 1862 | |||
| 1863 | Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, | ||
| 1864 | and deviations from stty sane. | ||
| 1865 | |||
| 1866 | Options: | ||
| 1867 | |||
| 1868 | -F device open device instead of stdin | ||
| 1869 | -a print all current settings in human-readable form | ||
| 1870 | -g print in stty-readable form | ||
| 1871 | [SETTING] see documentation | ||
| 1872 | |||
| 1873 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1874 | |||
| 1875 | =item B<swapoff> | ||
| 1876 | |||
| 1877 | swapoff [OPTION] [device] | ||
| 1878 | |||
| 1879 | Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. | ||
| 1880 | |||
| 1881 | Options: | ||
| 1882 | |||
| 1883 | -a Stop swapping on all swap devices | ||
| 1884 | |||
| 1885 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1886 | |||
| 1887 | =item B<swapon> | ||
| 1888 | |||
| 1889 | swapon [OPTION] [device] | ||
| 1890 | |||
| 1891 | Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. | ||
| 1892 | |||
| 1893 | Options: | ||
| 1894 | |||
| 1895 | -a Start swapping on all swap devices | ||
| 1896 | |||
| 1897 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1898 | |||
| 1899 | =item B<sync> | ||
| 1900 | |||
| 1901 | sync | ||
| 1902 | |||
| 1903 | Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk. | ||
| 1904 | |||
| 1905 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1906 | |||
| 1907 | =item B<syslogd> | ||
| 1908 | |||
| 1909 | syslogd [OPTION]... | ||
| 1910 | |||
| 1911 | Linux system and kernel logging utility. | ||
| 1912 | Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf. | ||
| 1913 | |||
| 1914 | Options: | ||
| 1915 | |||
| 1916 | -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off) | ||
| 1917 | -n Run as a foreground process | ||
| 1918 | -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages) | ||
| 1919 | -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) | ||
| 1920 | -L Log locally and via network logging (default is network only) | ||
| 1921 | |||
| 1922 | Example: | ||
| 1923 | |||
| 1924 | $ syslogd -R masterlog:514 | ||
| 1925 | $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601 | ||
| 1926 | |||
| 1927 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1928 | |||
| 1929 | =item B<tail> | ||
| 1930 | |||
| 1931 | tail [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| 1932 | |||
| 1933 | Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. | ||
| 1934 | With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the | ||
| 1935 | file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. | ||
| 1936 | |||
| 1937 | Options: | ||
| 1938 | |||
| 1939 | -c N[kbm] output the last N bytes | ||
| 1940 | -n N[kbm] print last N lines instead of last 10 | ||
| 1941 | -f output data as the file grows | ||
| 1942 | -q never output headers giving file names | ||
| 1943 | -s SEC wait SEC seconds between reads with -f | ||
| 1944 | -v always output headers giving file names | ||
| 1945 | |||
| 1946 | If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with | ||
| 1947 | the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items | ||
| 1948 | in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2). | ||
| 1949 | |||
| 1950 | Example: | ||
| 1951 | |||
| 1952 | $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf | ||
| 1953 | nameserver 10.0.0.1 | ||
| 1954 | |||
| 1955 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1956 | |||
| 1957 | =item B<tar> | ||
| 1958 | |||
| 1959 | tar -[cxtvO] [-B<-exclude> File] [B<-X> File][B<-f> tarFile] [FILE(s)] ... | ||
| 1960 | |||
| 1961 | Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. | ||
| 1962 | |||
| 1963 | Main operation mode: | ||
| 1964 | |||
| 1965 | c create | ||
| 1966 | x extract | ||
| 1967 | t list | ||
| 1968 | |||
| 1969 | File selection: | ||
| 1970 | |||
| 1971 | f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin | ||
| 1972 | O extract to stdout | ||
| 1973 | exclude file to exclude | ||
| 1974 | X file with names to exclude | ||
| 1975 | |||
| 1976 | Informative output: | ||
| 1977 | |||
| 1978 | v verbosely list files processed | ||
| 1979 | |||
| 1980 | Example: | ||
| 1981 | |||
| 1982 | $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf - | ||
| 1983 | $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local | ||
| 1984 | |||
| 1985 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 1986 | |||
| 1987 | =item B<tee> | ||
| 1988 | |||
| 1989 | tee [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| 1990 | |||
| 1991 | Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. | ||
| 1992 | |||
| 1993 | Options: | ||
| 1994 | |||
| 1995 | -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite | ||
| 1996 | |||
| 1997 | Example: | ||
| 1998 | |||
| 1999 | $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo | ||
| 2000 | $ cat /tmp/foo | ||
| 2001 | Hello | ||
| 2002 | |||
| 2003 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2004 | |||
| 2005 | =item B<telnet> | ||
| 2006 | |||
| 2007 | telnet host [port] | ||
| 2008 | |||
| 2009 | Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another | ||
| 2010 | computer over a network using the TELNET protocol. | ||
| 2011 | |||
| 2012 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2013 | |||
| 2014 | =item B<test> | ||
| 2015 | |||
| 2016 | test EXPRESSION | ||
| 2017 | or [ EXPRESSION ] | ||
| 2018 | |||
| 2019 | Checks file types and compares values returning an exit | ||
| 2020 | code determined by the value of EXPRESSION. | ||
| 2021 | |||
| 2022 | Example: | ||
| 2023 | |||
| 2024 | $ test 1 -eq 2 | ||
| 2025 | $ echo $? | ||
| 2026 | 1 | ||
| 2027 | $ test 1 -eq 1 | ||
| 2028 | $ echo $? | ||
| 2029 | 0 | ||
| 2030 | $ [ -d /etc ] | ||
| 2031 | $ echo $? | ||
| 2032 | 0 | ||
| 2033 | $ [ -d /junk ] | ||
| 2034 | $ echo $? | ||
| 2035 | 1 | ||
| 2036 | |||
| 2037 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2038 | |||
| 2039 | =item B<tftp> | ||
| 2040 | |||
| 2041 | tftp command SOURCE DEST | ||
| 2042 | |||
| 2043 | Transfers a file from/to a tftp server using "octet" mode. | ||
| 2044 | |||
| 2045 | Commands: | ||
| 2046 | |||
| 2047 | get Get file from server SOURCE and store to local DEST. | ||
| 2048 | put Put local file SOURCE to server DEST. | ||
| 2049 | |||
| 2050 | When naming a server, use the syntax "server:file". | ||
| 2051 | |||
| 2052 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2053 | |||
| 2054 | =item B<touch> | ||
| 2055 | |||
| 2056 | touch [B<-c>] file [file ...] | ||
| 2057 | |||
| 2058 | Update the last-modified date on the given file[s]. | ||
| 2059 | |||
| 2060 | Options: | ||
| 2061 | |||
| 2062 | -c Do not create any files | ||
| 2063 | |||
| 2064 | Example: | ||
| 2065 | |||
| 2066 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 2067 | /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory | ||
| 2068 | $ touch /tmp/foo | ||
| 2069 | $ ls -l /tmp/foo | ||
| 2070 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo | ||
| 2071 | |||
| 2072 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2073 | |||
| 2074 | =item B<tr> | ||
| 2075 | |||
| 2076 | tr [B<-cds>] STRING1 [STRING2] | ||
| 2077 | |||
| 2078 | Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from | ||
| 2079 | standard input, writing to standard output. | ||
| 2080 | |||
| 2081 | Options: | ||
| 2082 | |||
| 2083 | -c take complement of STRING1 | ||
| 2084 | -d delete input characters coded STRING1 | ||
| 2085 | -s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character | ||
| 2086 | |||
| 2087 | Example: | ||
| 2088 | |||
| 2089 | $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z] | ||
| 2090 | hello world | ||
| 2091 | |||
| 2092 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2093 | |||
| 2094 | =item B<true> | ||
| 2095 | |||
| 2096 | true | ||
| 2097 | |||
| 2098 | Return an exit code of TRUE (0). | ||
| 2099 | |||
| 2100 | Example: | ||
| 2101 | |||
| 2102 | $ true | ||
| 2103 | $ echo $? | ||
| 2104 | 0 | ||
| 2105 | |||
| 2106 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2107 | |||
| 2108 | =item B<tty> | ||
| 2109 | |||
| 2110 | tty | ||
| 2111 | |||
| 2112 | Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. | ||
| 2113 | |||
| 2114 | Options: | ||
| 2115 | |||
| 2116 | -s print nothing, only return an exit status | ||
| 2117 | |||
| 2118 | Example: | ||
| 2119 | |||
| 2120 | $ tty | ||
| 2121 | /dev/tty2 | ||
| 2122 | |||
| 2123 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2124 | |||
| 2125 | =item B<umount> | ||
| 2126 | |||
| 2127 | umount [flags] filesystem|directory | ||
| 2128 | |||
| 2129 | Unmount file systems | ||
| 2130 | |||
| 2131 | Flags: | ||
| 2132 | |||
| 2133 | -a Unmount all file systems in /etc/mtab | ||
| 2134 | -n Don't erase /etc/mtab entries | ||
| 2135 | -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy | ||
| 2136 | -f Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server) | ||
| 2137 | -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used) | ||
| 2138 | |||
| 2139 | Example: | ||
| 2140 | |||
| 2141 | $ umount /dev/hdc1 | ||
| 2142 | |||
| 2143 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2144 | |||
| 2145 | =item B<uname> | ||
| 2146 | |||
| 2147 | uname [OPTION]... | ||
| 2148 | |||
| 2149 | Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as B<-s>. | ||
| 2150 | |||
| 2151 | Options: | ||
| 2152 | |||
| 2153 | -a print all information | ||
| 2154 | -m the machine (hardware) type | ||
| 2155 | -n print the machine's network node hostname | ||
| 2156 | -r print the operating system release | ||
| 2157 | -s print the operating system name | ||
| 2158 | -p print the host processor type | ||
| 2159 | -v print the operating system version | ||
| 2160 | |||
| 2161 | Example: | ||
| 2162 | |||
| 2163 | $ uname -a | ||
| 2164 | Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown | ||
| 2165 | |||
| 2166 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2167 | |||
| 2168 | =item B<uniq> | ||
| 2169 | |||
| 2170 | uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]] | ||
| 2171 | |||
| 2172 | Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT | ||
| 2173 | (or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output). | ||
| 2174 | |||
| 2175 | Options: | ||
| 2176 | |||
| 2177 | -c prefix lines by the number of occurrences | ||
| 2178 | -d only print duplicate lines | ||
| 2179 | -u only print unique lines | ||
| 2180 | |||
| 2181 | Example: | ||
| 2182 | |||
| 2183 | $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq | ||
| 2184 | a | ||
| 2185 | b | ||
| 2186 | c | ||
| 2187 | |||
| 2188 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2189 | |||
| 2190 | =item B<unix2dos> | ||
| 2191 | |||
| 2192 | unix2dos [option] [file] | ||
| 2193 | |||
| 2194 | See 'dos2unix -B<-help>' for help! | ||
| 2195 | |||
| 2196 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2197 | |||
| 2198 | =item B<update> | ||
| 2199 | |||
| 2200 | update [options] | ||
| 2201 | |||
| 2202 | Periodically flushes filesystem buffers. | ||
| 2203 | |||
| 2204 | Options: | ||
| 2205 | |||
| 2206 | -S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing | ||
| 2207 | -s SECS call sync this often (default 30) | ||
| 2208 | -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5) | ||
| 2209 | |||
| 2210 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2211 | |||
| 2212 | =item B<uptime> | ||
| 2213 | |||
| 2214 | uptime | ||
| 2215 | |||
| 2216 | Display the time since the last boot. | ||
| 2217 | |||
| 2218 | Example: | ||
| 2219 | |||
| 2220 | $ uptime | ||
| 2221 | 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00 | ||
| 2222 | |||
| 2223 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2224 | |||
| 2225 | =item B<usleep> | ||
| 2226 | |||
| 2227 | usleep N | ||
| 2228 | |||
| 2229 | Pause for N microseconds. | ||
| 2230 | |||
| 2231 | Example: | ||
| 2232 | |||
| 2233 | $ usleep 1000000 | ||
| 2234 | [pauses for 1 second] | ||
| 2235 | |||
| 2236 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2237 | |||
| 2238 | =item B<uudecode> | ||
| 2239 | |||
| 2240 | uudecode [FILE]... | ||
| 2241 | |||
| 2242 | Uudecode a file that is uuencoded. | ||
| 2243 | |||
| 2244 | Options: | ||
| 2245 | |||
| 2246 | -o FILE direct output to FILE | ||
| 2247 | |||
| 2248 | Example: | ||
| 2249 | |||
| 2250 | $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu | ||
| 2251 | $ ls -l busybox | ||
| 2252 | -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox | ||
| 2253 | |||
| 2254 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2255 | |||
| 2256 | =item B<uuencode> | ||
| 2257 | |||
| 2258 | uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE | ||
| 2259 | |||
| 2260 | Uuencode a file. | ||
| 2261 | |||
| 2262 | Options: | ||
| 2263 | |||
| 2264 | -m use base64 encoding as of RFC1521 | ||
| 2265 | |||
| 2266 | Example: | ||
| 2267 | |||
| 2268 | $ uuencode busybox busybox | ||
| 2269 | begin 755 busybox | ||
| 2270 | <encoded file snipped> | ||
| 2271 | $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu | ||
| 2272 | $ | ||
| 2273 | |||
| 2274 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2275 | |||
| 2276 | =item B<vi> | ||
| 2277 | |||
| 2278 | vi [OPTION] [FILE]... | ||
| 2279 | |||
| 2280 | edit FILE. | ||
| 2281 | |||
| 2282 | Options: | ||
| 2283 | |||
| 2284 | -R Read-only- do not write to the file. | ||
| 2285 | |||
| 2286 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2287 | |||
| 2288 | =item B<watchdog> | ||
| 2289 | |||
| 2290 | watchdog DEV | ||
| 2291 | |||
| 2292 | Periodically write to watchdog device DEV | ||
| 2293 | |||
| 2294 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2295 | |||
| 2296 | =item B<wc> | ||
| 2297 | |||
| 2298 | wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... | ||
| 2299 | |||
| 2300 | Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if | ||
| 2301 | more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input. | ||
| 2302 | |||
| 2303 | Options: | ||
| 2304 | |||
| 2305 | -c print the byte counts | ||
| 2306 | -l print the newline counts | ||
| 2307 | -L print the length of the longest line | ||
| 2308 | -w print the word counts | ||
| 2309 | |||
| 2310 | Example: | ||
| 2311 | |||
| 2312 | $ wc /etc/passwd | ||
| 2313 | 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd | ||
| 2314 | |||
| 2315 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2316 | |||
| 2317 | =item B<wget> | ||
| 2318 | |||
| 2319 | wget [B<-c>] [B<-q>] [B<-O> file] url | ||
| 2320 | |||
| 2321 | wget retrieves files via HTTP or FTP | ||
| 2322 | |||
| 2323 | Options: | ||
| 2324 | |||
| 2325 | -c continue retrieval of aborted transfers | ||
| 2326 | -q quiet mode - do not print | ||
| 2327 | -O save to filename ('-' for stdout) | ||
| 2328 | |||
| 2329 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2330 | |||
| 2331 | =item B<which> | ||
| 2332 | |||
| 2333 | which [COMMAND ...] | ||
| 2334 | |||
| 2335 | Locates a COMMAND. | ||
| 2336 | |||
| 2337 | Example: | ||
| 2338 | |||
| 2339 | $ which login | ||
| 2340 | /bin/login | ||
| 2341 | |||
| 2342 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2343 | |||
| 2344 | =item B<whoami> | ||
| 2345 | |||
| 2346 | whoami | ||
| 2347 | |||
| 2348 | Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id. | ||
| 2349 | |||
| 2350 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2351 | |||
| 2352 | =item B<xargs> | ||
| 2353 | |||
| 2354 | xargs [COMMAND] [ARGS...] | ||
| 2355 | |||
| 2356 | Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input. | ||
| 2357 | |||
| 2358 | Example: | ||
| 2359 | |||
| 2360 | $ ls | xargs gzip | ||
| 2361 | $ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm | ||
| 2362 | |||
| 2363 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2364 | |||
| 2365 | =item B<yes> | ||
| 2366 | |||
| 2367 | yes [OPTION]... [STRING]... | ||
| 2368 | |||
| 2369 | Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'. | ||
| 2370 | |||
| 2371 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2372 | |||
| 2373 | =item B<zcat> | ||
| 2374 | |||
| 2375 | zcat FILE | ||
| 2376 | |||
| 2377 | Uncompress to stdout. | ||
| 2378 | |||
| 2379 | ------------------------------- | ||
| 2380 | |||
| 2381 | =back | ||
| 2382 | |||
| 2383 | =head1 LIBC NSS | ||
| 2384 | |||
| 2385 | GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C | ||
| 2386 | library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, | ||
| 2387 | such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it | ||
| 2388 | will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that make use of NSS. | ||
| 2389 | This allows you to run an embedded system without the need for installing an | ||
| 2390 | /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* libraries installed. | ||
| 2391 | |||
| 2392 | If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for authentication | ||
| 2393 | via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will need to adjust the | ||
| 2394 | BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have enough space to install | ||
| 2395 | of that stuff on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities. | ||
| 2396 | |||
| 2397 | =head1 SEE ALSO | ||
| 2398 | |||
| 2399 | textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc... | ||
| 2400 | |||
| 2401 | =head1 MAINTAINER | ||
| 2402 | |||
| 2403 | Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com> | ||
| 2404 | |||
| 2405 | =head1 AUTHORS | ||
| 2406 | |||
| 2407 | The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether | ||
| 2408 | they know it or not. | ||
| 2409 | |||
| 2410 | |||
| 2411 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2412 | |||
| 2413 | Erik Andersen <andersen@lineo.com>, <andersee@debian.org> | ||
| 2414 | |||
| 2415 | Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the | ||
| 2416 | core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. | ||
| 2417 | |||
| 2418 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2419 | |||
| 2420 | John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com> | ||
| 2421 | |||
| 2422 | du, head, nslookup, sort, tee, uniq (so Kraai could rewrite them ;-), | ||
| 2423 | documentation | ||
| 2424 | |||
| 2425 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2426 | |||
| 2427 | Edward Betts <edward@debian.org> | ||
| 2428 | |||
| 2429 | expr, hostid, logname, tty, wc, whoami, yes | ||
| 2430 | |||
| 2431 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2432 | |||
| 2433 | Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com> | ||
| 2434 | |||
| 2435 | tiny-ls(ls) | ||
| 2436 | |||
| 2437 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2438 | |||
| 2439 | Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org> | ||
| 2440 | |||
| 2441 | fbset, ping, hostname, and mkfifo | ||
| 2442 | |||
| 2443 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2444 | |||
| 2445 | Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com> | ||
| 2446 | |||
| 2447 | more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, | ||
| 2448 | various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance | ||
| 2449 | |||
| 2450 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2451 | |||
| 2452 | Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov> | ||
| 2453 | |||
| 2454 | various fixes, shell rewrite | ||
| 2455 | |||
| 2456 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2457 | |||
| 2458 | Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org> | ||
| 2459 | |||
| 2460 | cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c. | ||
| 2461 | |||
| 2462 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2463 | |||
| 2464 | Sterling Huxley <sterling@europa.com> | ||
| 2465 | |||
| 2466 | vi (!!!) | ||
| 2467 | |||
| 2468 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2469 | |||
| 2470 | Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org> | ||
| 2471 | |||
| 2472 | mktemp.c | ||
| 2473 | |||
| 2474 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2475 | |||
| 2476 | Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu> | ||
| 2477 | |||
| 2478 | documentation, bugfixes | ||
| 2479 | |||
| 2480 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2481 | |||
| 2482 | John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com> | ||
| 2483 | |||
| 2484 | dirname, tr | ||
| 2485 | |||
| 2486 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2487 | |||
| 2488 | Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au> | ||
| 2489 | |||
| 2490 | ar.c | ||
| 2491 | |||
| 2492 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2493 | |||
| 2494 | Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru> | ||
| 2495 | |||
| 2496 | cmdedit, stty-port, locale, various fixes | ||
| 2497 | and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect. | ||
| 2498 | |||
| 2499 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2500 | |||
| 2501 | Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com> | ||
| 2502 | |||
| 2503 | Original author of BusyBox. His code is still in many apps. | ||
| 2504 | |||
| 2505 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2506 | |||
| 2507 | Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com> | ||
| 2508 | |||
| 2509 | wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications | ||
| 2510 | |||
| 2511 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2512 | |||
| 2513 | Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org> | ||
| 2514 | |||
| 2515 | Lots of bugs fixes and patches. | ||
| 2516 | |||
| 2517 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2518 | |||
| 2519 | Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com> | ||
| 2520 | |||
| 2521 | Remote logging feature for syslogd | ||
| 2522 | |||
| 2523 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2524 | |||
| 2525 | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com> | ||
| 2526 | |||
| 2527 | mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix | ||
| 2528 | |||
| 2529 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2530 | |||
| 2531 | Mark Whitley <markw@lineo.com> | ||
| 2532 | |||
| 2533 | sed remix, bug fixes, style-guide, etc. | ||
| 2534 | |||
| 2535 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2536 | |||
| 2537 | Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com> | ||
| 2538 | |||
| 2539 | gzip, mini-netcat(nc) | ||
| 2540 | |||
| 2541 | =for html <br> | ||
| 2542 | |||
| 2543 | Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> | ||
| 2544 | |||
| 2545 | tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance | ||
| 2546 | |||
| 2547 | =cut | ||
| 2548 | |||
| 2549 | # $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.102 2001/04/17 23:57:23 beppu Exp $ | ||