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authorEric Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>2000-07-07 19:07:47 +0000
committerEric Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>2000-07-07 19:07:47 +0000
commit215809234460de93e616cffac06f641e969db673 (patch)
tree21d7f6ece71409b9d7874aca8e0b86fa7f496eed /docs
parentb9eb0233a9d257ce5311d0557ccb4432e836f088 (diff)
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This patch finishes the cleanup of all the commands. It also cleans up
the remaining chapters -- Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu> -Erik
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
-rw-r--r--docs/busybox.sgml2725
1 files changed, 1042 insertions, 1683 deletions
diff --git a/docs/busybox.sgml b/docs/busybox.sgml
index e0e023410..8d03c9d13 100644
--- a/docs/busybox.sgml
+++ b/docs/busybox.sgml
@@ -862,7 +862,7 @@
862 </para> 862 </para>
863 863
864 <para> 864 <para>
865 Returns an exit code of FALSE (1). 865 Return an exit code of FALSE (1).
866 </para> 866 </para>
867 867
868 <para> 868 <para>
@@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@
1463 </para> 1463 </para>
1464 1464
1465 <para> 1465 <para>
1466 Loads MODULE into the kernel. 1466 Load MODULE into the kernel.
1467 </para> 1467 </para>
1468 1468
1469 <para> 1469 <para>
@@ -2352,1941 +2352,1300 @@
2352 </para> 2352 </para>
2353 </sect1> 2353 </sect1>
2354 2354
2355<!-- This is where I have stopped formatting stuff --> 2355 <sect1 id="ps">
2356<varlistentry><term><emphasis>ps 2356 <title>ps</title>
2357
2358</emphasis></term>
2359<listitem><para></para>
2360
2361<para>
2362Usage: ps
2363
2364
2365</para>
2366
2367<para>
2368Report process status
2369
2370
2371</para>
2372
2373<para>
2374This version of ps accepts no options.
2375
2376
2377</para>
2378
2379<para>
2380Example:
2381
2382
2383</para>
2384
2385<para>
2386<screen>
2387 $ ps
2388 PID Uid Gid State Command
2389 1 root root S init
2390 2 root root S [kflushd]
2391 3 root root S [kupdate]
2392 4 root root S [kpiod]
2393 5 root root S [kswapd]
2394 742 andersen andersen S [bash]
2395 743 andersen andersen S -bash
2396 745 root root S [getty]
2397 2990 andersen andersen R ps
2398</screen>
2399
2400
2401</para>
2402
2403<para>
2404-------------------------------
2405
2406
2407</para>
2408
2409</listitem></varlistentry>
2410<varlistentry><term><emphasis>pwd
2411
2412</emphasis></term>
2413<listitem><para></para>
2414
2415<para>
2416Prints the full filename of the current working directory.
2417
2418
2419</para>
2420
2421<para>
2422Example:
2423
2424
2425</para>
2426
2427<para>
2428<screen>
2429 $ pwd
2430 /root
2431</screen>
2432
2433
2434</para>
2435
2436<para>
2437-------------------------------
2438
2439
2440</para>
2441
2442</listitem></varlistentry>
2443<varlistentry><term><emphasis>reboot
2444
2445</emphasis></term>
2446<listitem><para></para>
2447
2448<para>
2449Instructs the kernel to reboot the system.
2450
2451
2452</para>
2453
2454<para>
2455-------------------------------
2456
2457
2458</para>
2459
2460</listitem></varlistentry>
2461<varlistentry><term><emphasis>rm
2462
2463</emphasis></term>
2464<listitem><para></para>
2465
2466<para>
2467Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
2468
2469
2470</para>
2471
2472<para>
2473Remove (unlink) the <literal>FILE(s).</literal> You may use '--' to
2474indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
2475
2476
2477</para>
2478
2479<para>
2480Options:
2481
2482
2483</para>
2484
2485<para>
2486<screen>
2487 -f remove existing destinations, never prompt
2488 -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively
2489</screen>
2490
2491
2492</para>
2493
2494<para>
2495Example:
2496
2497
2498</para>
2499
2500<para>
2501<screen>
2502 $ rm -rf /tmp/foo
2503</screen>
2504
2505
2506</para>
2507
2508<para>
2509-------------------------------
2510
2511
2512</para>
2513
2514</listitem></varlistentry>
2515<varlistentry><term><emphasis>rmdir
2516
2517</emphasis></term>
2518<listitem><para></para>
2519
2520<para>
2521Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
2522
2523
2524</para>
2525
2526<para>
2527Remove the <literal>DIRECTORY(ies),</literal> if they are empty.
2528
2529
2530</para>
2531
2532<para>
2533Example:
2534
2535
2536</para>
2537
2538<para>
2539<screen>
2540 # rmdir /tmp/foo
2541</screen>
2542
2543
2544</para>
2545
2546<para>
2547-------------------------------
2548
2549
2550</para>
2551
2552</listitem></varlistentry>
2553<varlistentry><term><emphasis>rmmod
2554
2555</emphasis></term>
2556<listitem><para></para>
2557
2558<para>
2559Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
2560
2561
2562</para>
2563
2564<para>
2565Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.
2566
2567
2568</para>
2569
2570<para>
2571Options:
2572
2573
2574</para>
2575
2576<para>
2577<screen>
2578 -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules.
2579</screen>
2580
2581
2582</para>
2583
2584<para>
2585Example:
2586
2587
2588</para>
2589
2590<para>
2591<screen>
2592 $ rmmod tulip
2593</screen>
2594
2595
2596</para>
2597
2598<para>
2599-------------------------------
2600
2601
2602</para>
2603
2604</listitem></varlistentry>
2605<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sed
2606
2607</emphasis></term>
2608<listitem><para></para>
2609
2610<para>
2611Usage: sed [<emphasis>-n</emphasis>] <emphasis>-e</emphasis> script [file...]
2612
2613
2614</para>
2615
2616<para>
2617Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:
2618
2619
2620</para>
2621
2622<para>
2623<screen>
2624 'ADDR [!] COMMAND'
2625</screen>
2626
2627
2628</para>
2629
2630<para>
2631<screen>
2632 where address ADDR can be:
2633 NUMBER Match specified line number
2634 $ Match last line
2635 /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp
2636 (! inverts the meaning of the match)
2637</screen>
2638
2639
2640</para>
2641
2642<para>
2643<screen>
2644 and COMMAND can be:
2645 s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
2646 which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
2647 and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.
2648</screen>
2649
2650
2651</para>
2652
2653<para>
2654<screen>
2655 aTEXT
2656 which appends TEXT after the pattern space
2657</screen>
2658
2659
2660</para>
2661
2662<para>
2663Options:
2664
2665
2666</para>
2667
2668<para>
2669<screen>
2670 -e add the script to the commands to be executed
2671 -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space
2672</screen>
2673
2674
2675</para>
2676
2677<para>
2678This version of sed matches full regular expressions.
2679
2680
2681</para>
2682
2683<para>
2684Example:
2685
2686
2687</para>
2688
2689<para>
2690<screen>
2691 $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
2692 bar
2693</screen>
2694
2695
2696</para>
2697
2698<para>
2699-------------------------------
2700
2701
2702</para>
2703
2704</listitem></varlistentry>
2705<varlistentry><term><emphasis>setkeycodes
2706
2707</emphasis></term>
2708<listitem><para></para>
2709
2710<para>
2711Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
2712
2713
2714</para>
2715
2716<para>
2717Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual
2718keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
2719
2720
2721</para>
2722
2723<para>
2724SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in
2725decimal
2726
2727
2728</para>
2729
2730<para>
2731Example:
2732
2733
2734</para>
2735
2736<para>
2737<screen>
2738 # setkeycodes e030 127
2739</screen>
2740
2741
2742</para>
2743
2744<para>
2745-------------------------------
2746
2747
2748</para>
2749
2750</listitem></varlistentry>
2751<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sfdisk
2752
2753</emphasis></term>
2754<listitem><para></para>
2755
2756<para>
2757Usage: sfdisk [options] device ...
2758
2759
2760</para>
2761
2762<para>
2763device: something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda
2764
2765
2766</para>
2767
2768<para>
2769useful options:
2770
2771
2772</para>
2773
2774<para>
2775<screen>
2776 -s [or --show-size]: list size of a partition
2777 -c [or --id]: print or change partition Id
2778 -l [or --list]: list partitions of each device
2779 -d [or --dump]: idem, but in a format suitable for later input
2780 -i [or --increment]: number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0
2781 -uS, -uB, -uC, -uM: accept/report in units of sectors/blocks/cylinders/MB
2782 -T [or --list-types]:list the known partition types
2783 -D [or --DOS]: for DOS-compatibility: waste a little space
2784 -R [or --re-read]: make kernel reread partition table
2785 -N# : change only the partition with number #
2786 -n : do not actually write to disk
2787 -O file : save the sectors that will be overwritten to file
2788 -I file : restore these sectors again
2789 -v [or --version]: print version
2790 -? [or --help]: print this message
2791</screen>
2792
2793
2794</para>
2795
2796<para>
2797dangerous options:
2798
2799
2800</para>
2801
2802<para>
2803<screen>
2804 -g [or --show-geometry]: print the kernel's idea of the geometry
2805 -x [or --show-extended]: also list extended partitions on output
2806</screen>
2807
2808
2809</para>
2810
2811<para>
2812<screen>
2813 or expect descriptors for them on input
2814 -L [or --Linux]: do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux
2815 -q [or --quiet]: suppress warning messages
2816 You can override the detected geometry using:
2817 -C# [or --cylinders #]:set the number of cylinders to use
2818 -H# [or --heads #]: set the number of heads to use
2819 -S# [or --sectors #]: set the number of sectors to use
2820</screen>
2821
2822
2823</para>
2824
2825<para>
2826You can disable all consistency checking with:
2827
2828
2829</para>
2830
2831<para>
2832<screen>
2833 -f [or --force]: do what I say, even if it is stupid
2834</screen>
2835
2836
2837</para>
2838
2839<para>
2840-------------------------------
2841
2842
2843</para>
2844
2845</listitem></varlistentry>
2846<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sh
2847
2848</emphasis></term>
2849<listitem><para></para>
2850
2851<para>
2852Usage: sh
2853
2854
2855</para>
2856
2857<para>
2858lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
2859
2860
2861</para>
2862
2863<para>
2864This command does not yet have proper documentation.
2865
2866
2867</para>
2868
2869<para>
2870Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes,
2871redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh),
2872and has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not
2873(yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like
2874``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use ash or bash. If you just need a
2875very simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job.
2876
2877
2878</para>
2879
2880<para>
2881-------------------------------
2882
2883
2884</para>
2885
2886</listitem></varlistentry>
2887<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sleep
2888
2889</emphasis></term>
2890<listitem><para></para>
2891
2892<para>
2893Usage: sleep N
2894
2895
2896</para>
2897
2898<para>
2899Pause for N seconds.
2900
2901
2902</para>
2903
2904<para>
2905Example:
2906
2907
2908</para>
2909
2910<para>
2911<screen>
2912 $ sleep 2
2913 [2 second delay results]
2914</screen>
2915
2916
2917</para>
2918
2919<para>
2920-------------------------------
2921
2922
2923</para>
2924
2925</listitem></varlistentry>
2926<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sort
2927
2928</emphasis></term>
2929<listitem><para></para>
2930
2931<para>
2932Usage: sort [<emphasis>-n</emphasis>] [<emphasis>-r</emphasis>] [FILE]...
2933
2934
2935</para>
2936
2937<para>
2938Sorts lines of text in the specified files
2939
2940
2941</para>
2942
2943<para>
2944Example:
2945
2946
2947</para>
2948
2949<para>
2950<screen>
2951 $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
2952 a
2953 b
2954 c
2955 d
2956 e
2957 f
2958</screen>
2959
2960
2961</para>
2962
2963<para>
2964-------------------------------
2965
2966
2967</para>
2968
2969</listitem></varlistentry>
2970<varlistentry><term><emphasis>swapoff
2971
2972</emphasis></term>
2973<listitem><para></para>
2974
2975<para>
2976Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device]
2977
2978
2979</para>
2980
2981<para>
2982Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
2983
2984
2985</para>
2986
2987<para>
2988Options:
2989
2990
2991</para>
2992
2993<para>
2994<screen>
2995 -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
2996</screen>
2997
2998
2999</para>
3000
3001<para>
3002-------------------------------
3003
3004
3005</para>
3006
3007</listitem></varlistentry>
3008<varlistentry><term><emphasis>swapon
3009
3010</emphasis></term>
3011<listitem><para></para>
3012
3013<para>
3014Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device]
3015
3016
3017</para>
3018
3019<para>
3020Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
3021
3022
3023</para>
3024
3025<para>
3026Options:
3027
3028
3029</para>
3030
3031<para>
3032<screen>
3033 -a Start swapping on all swap devices
3034</screen>
3035
3036
3037</para>
3038
3039<para>
3040-------------------------------
3041
3042
3043</para>
3044
3045</listitem></varlistentry>
3046<varlistentry><term><emphasis>sync
3047
3048</emphasis></term>
3049<listitem><para></para>
3050
3051<para>
3052Usage: sync
3053
3054
3055</para>
3056
3057<para>
3058Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
3059
3060
3061</para>
3062
3063<para>
3064-------------------------------
3065
3066
3067</para>
3068
3069</listitem></varlistentry>
3070<varlistentry><term><emphasis>syslogd
3071
3072</emphasis></term>
3073<listitem><para></para>
3074
3075<para>
3076Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...
3077
3078
3079</para>
3080
3081<para>
3082Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility. Note that this
3083version of syslogd/klogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
3084
3085
3086</para>
3087
3088<para>
3089Options:
3090
3091
3092</para>
3093
3094<para>
3095<screen>
3096 -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
3097 -n Run as a foreground process
3098 -K Do not start up the klogd process
3099 -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
3100</screen>
3101
3102
3103</para>
3104
3105<para>
3106-------------------------------
3107
3108
3109</para>
3110
3111</listitem></varlistentry>
3112<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tail
3113
3114</emphasis></term>
3115<listitem><para></para>
3116
3117<para>
3118Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...
3119
3120
3121</para>
3122
3123<para>
3124Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one
3125FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or
3126when FILE is -, read standard input.
3127
3128
3129</para>
3130
3131<para>
3132Options:
3133
3134
3135</para>
3136
3137<para>
3138<screen>
3139 -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of first 10
3140 -f Output data as the file grows. This version
3141 of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.
3142</screen>
3143
3144
3145</para>
3146
3147<para>
3148Example:
3149
3150
3151</para>
3152
3153<para>
3154<screen>
3155 $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
3156 nameserver 10.0.0.1
3157</screen>
3158
3159
3160</para>
3161
3162<para>
3163-------------------------------
3164
3165
3166</para>
3167
3168</listitem></varlistentry>
3169<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tar
3170
3171</emphasis></term>
3172<listitem><para></para>
3173
3174<para>
3175Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [<emphasis>--exclude</emphasis> File] [<emphasis>-f</emphasis> tarFile] [FILE] ...
3176
3177
3178</para>
3179
3180<para>
3181Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. Note that this version of
3182tar treats hard links as separate files.
3183
3184
3185</para>
3186
3187<para>
3188Main operation mode:
3189
3190
3191</para>
3192
3193<para>
3194<screen>
3195 c create
3196 x extract
3197 t list
3198</screen>
3199
3200
3201</para>
3202
3203<para>
3204File selection:
3205
3206
3207</para>
3208
3209<para>
3210<screen>
3211 f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
3212 O extract to stdout
3213 --exclude file to exclude
3214</screen>
3215
3216
3217</para>
3218
3219<para>
3220Informative output:
3221
3222
3223</para>
3224
3225<para>
3226<screen>
3227 v verbosely list files processed
3228</screen>
3229
3230
3231</para>
3232
3233<para>
3234Example:
3235
3236
3237</para>
3238
3239<para>
3240<screen>
3241 $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
3242 $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
3243</screen>
3244
3245
3246</para>
3247
3248<para>
3249-------------------------------
3250
3251
3252</para>
3253
3254</listitem></varlistentry>
3255<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tee
3256
3257</emphasis></term>
3258<listitem><para></para>
3259
3260<para>
3261Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
3262
3263
3264</para>
3265
3266<para>
3267Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
3268
3269
3270</para>
3271
3272<para>
3273Options:
3274
3275
3276</para>
3277
3278<para>
3279<screen>
3280 -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
3281</screen>
3282
3283
3284</para>
3285
3286<para>
3287Example:
3288
3289
3290</para>
3291
3292<para>
3293<screen>
3294 $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
3295 $ cat /tmp/foo
3296 Hello
3297</screen>
3298
3299
3300</para>
3301
3302<para>
3303-------------------------------
3304
3305
3306</para>
3307
3308</listitem></varlistentry>
3309<varlistentry><term><emphasis>telnet
3310
3311</emphasis></term>
3312<listitem><para></para>
3313
3314<para>
3315Usage: telnet host [port]
3316
3317
3318</para>
3319
3320<para>
3321Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another computer
3322over a network using the TELNET protocol.
3323
3324
3325</para>
3326
3327<para>
3328-------------------------------
3329
3330
3331</para>
3332
3333</listitem></varlistentry>
3334<varlistentry><term><emphasis>test, [
3335
3336</emphasis></term>
3337<listitem><para></para>
3338
3339<para>
3340Usage: test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ]
3341
3342
3343</para>
3344
3345<para>
3346Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code determined by
3347the value of EXPRESSION.
3348
3349
3350</para>
3351
3352<para>
3353Example:
3354
3355
3356</para>
3357
3358<para>
3359<screen>
3360 $ test 1 -eq 2
3361 $ echo $?
3362 1
3363 $ test 1 -eq 1
3364 $ echo $?
3365 0
3366 $ [ -d /etc ]
3367 $ echo $?
3368 0
3369 $ [ -d /junk ]
3370 $ echo $?
3371 1
3372</screen>
3373
3374
3375</para>
3376
3377<para>
3378-------------------------------
3379
3380
3381</para>
3382
3383</listitem></varlistentry>
3384<varlistentry><term><emphasis>touch
3385
3386</emphasis></term>
3387<listitem><para></para>
3388
3389<para>
3390Usage: touch [<emphasis>-c</emphasis>] file [file ...]
3391
3392
3393</para>
3394
3395<para>
3396Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected file[s].
3397
3398
3399</para>
3400
3401<para>
3402Example:
3403
3404
3405</para>
3406
3407<para>
3408<screen>
3409 $ ls -l /tmp/foo
3410 /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
3411 $ touch /tmp/foo
3412 $ ls -l /tmp/foo
3413 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
3414</screen>
3415
3416
3417</para>
3418
3419<para>
3420-------------------------------
3421
3422
3423</para>
3424
3425</listitem></varlistentry>
3426<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tr
3427
3428</emphasis></term>
3429<listitem><para></para>
3430
3431<para>
3432Usage: tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
3433
3434
3435</para>
3436
3437<para>
3438Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing
3439to standard output.
3440
3441
3442</para>
3443
3444<para>
3445Options:
3446
3447
3448</para>
3449
3450<para>
3451<screen>
3452 -c take complement of STRING1
3453 -d delete input characters coded STRING1
3454 -s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
3455</screen>
3456
3457
3458</para>
3459
3460<para>
3461Example:
3462
3463
3464</para>
3465
3466<para>
3467<screen>
3468 $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
3469 hello world
3470</screen>
3471
3472
3473</para>
3474
3475<para>
3476-------------------------------
3477
3478
3479</para>
3480
3481</listitem></varlistentry>
3482<varlistentry><term><emphasis>true
3483
3484</emphasis></term>
3485<listitem><para></para>
3486
3487<para>
3488Returns an exit code of TRUE (0)
3489
3490
3491</para>
3492
3493<para>
3494Example:
3495
3496
3497</para>
3498
3499<para>
3500<screen>
3501 $ true
3502 $ echo $?
3503 0
3504</screen>
3505
3506
3507</para>
3508
3509<para>
3510-------------------------------
3511
3512
3513</para>
3514
3515</listitem></varlistentry>
3516<varlistentry><term><emphasis>tty
3517
3518</emphasis></term>
3519<listitem><para></para>
3520
3521<para>
3522Usage: tty
3523
3524
3525</para>
3526
3527<para>
3528Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
3529
3530
3531</para>
3532
3533<para>
3534Options:
3535
3536
3537</para>
3538
3539<para>
3540<screen>
3541 -s print nothing, only return an exit status
3542</screen>
3543
3544
3545</para>
3546
3547<para>
3548Example:
3549
3550
3551</para>
3552
3553<para>
3554<screen>
3555 $ tty
3556 /dev/tty2
3557</screen>
3558
3559
3560</para>
3561
3562<para>
3563-------------------------------
3564
3565
3566</para>
3567
3568</listitem></varlistentry>
3569<varlistentry><term><emphasis>umount
3570
3571</emphasis></term>
3572<listitem><para></para>
3573
3574<para>
3575Usage: umount [flags] filesystem|directory
3576
3577
3578</para>
3579
3580<para>
3581Flags:
3582
3583
3584</para>
3585
3586<para>
3587<screen>
3588 -a: Unmount all file systems
3589 -r: Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
3590 -f: Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
3591 -l: Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
3592</screen>
3593
3594
3595</para>
3596
3597<para>
3598Example:
3599
3600
3601</para>
3602
3603<para>
3604<screen>
3605 $ umount /dev/hdc1
3606</screen>
3607
3608
3609</para>
3610
3611<para>
3612-------------------------------
3613
3614
3615</para>
3616
3617</listitem></varlistentry>
3618<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uname
3619
3620</emphasis></term>
3621<listitem><para></para>
3622
3623<para>
3624Usage: uname [OPTION]...
3625
3626
3627</para>
3628
3629<para>
3630Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as <emphasis>-s</emphasis>.
3631
3632
3633</para>
3634
3635<para>
3636Options:
3637
3638
3639</para>
3640
3641<para>
3642<screen>
3643 -a print all information
3644 -m the machine (hardware) type
3645 -n print the machine's network node hostname
3646 -r print the operating system release
3647 -s print the operating system name
3648 -p print the host processor type
3649 -v print the operating system version
3650</screen>
3651
3652
3653</para>
3654
3655<para>
3656Example:
3657
3658
3659</para>
3660
3661<para>
3662<screen>
3663 $ uname -a
3664 Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
3665</screen>
3666
3667
3668</para>
3669
3670<para>
3671-------------------------------
3672
3673
3674</para>
3675
3676</listitem></varlistentry>
3677<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uniq
3678
3679</emphasis></term>
3680<listitem><para></para>
3681
3682<para>
3683Usage: uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
3684
3685
3686</para>
3687
3688<para>
3689Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard
3690input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
3691
3692
3693</para>
3694
3695<para>
3696Example:
3697 2357
2358 <para>
2359 Usage: ps
2360 </para>
3698 2361
3699</para> 2362 <para>
2363 Report process status. This version of ps accepts no
2364 options.
2365 </para>
3700 2366
3701<para> 2367 <para>
3702<screen> 2368 Options:
3703 $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq 2369 </para>
3704 a
3705 b
3706 c
3707</screen>
3708 2370
2371 <para>
2372 <screen>
2373 </screen>
2374 </para>
3709 2375
3710</para> 2376 <para>
2377 Example:
2378 </para>
3711 2379
3712<para> 2380 <para>
3713------------------------------- 2381 <screen>
2382 $ ps
2383 PID Uid Gid State Command
2384 1 root root S init
2385 2 root root S [kflushd]
2386 3 root root S [kupdate]
2387 4 root root S [kpiod]
2388 5 root root S [kswapd]
2389 742 andersen andersen S [bash]
2390 743 andersen andersen S -bash
2391 745 root root S [getty]
2392 2990 andersen andersen R ps
2393 </screen>
2394 </para>
2395 </sect1>
3714 2396
2397 <sect1 id="pwd">
2398 <title>pwd</title>
3715 2399
3716</para> 2400 <para>
2401 Usage: pwd
2402 </para>
3717 2403
3718</listitem></varlistentry> 2404 <para>
3719<varlistentry><term><emphasis>update 2405 Print the full filename of the current working
2406 directory.
2407 </para>
3720 2408
3721</emphasis></term> 2409 <para>
3722<listitem><para></para> 2410 Example:
2411 </para>
3723 2412
3724<para> 2413 <para>
3725Usage: update [options] 2414 <screen>
2415 $ pwd
2416 /root
2417 </screen>
2418 </para>
2419 </sect1>
3726 2420
2421 <sect1 id="reboot">
2422 <title>reboot</title>
3727 2423
3728</para> 2424 <para>
2425 Usage: reboot
2426 </para>
3729 2427
3730<para> 2428 <para>
3731Periodically flushes filesystem buffers. 2429 Reboot the system.
2430 </para>
2431 </sect1>
3732 2432
2433 <sect1 id="rm">
2434 <title>rm</title>
3733 2435
3734</para> 2436 <para>
2437 Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
2438 </para>
3735 2439
3736<para> 2440 <para>
3737Options: 2441 Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to
2442 indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
2443 </para>
3738 2444
2445 <para>
2446 Options:
2447 </para>
3739 2448
3740</para> 2449 <para>
2450 <screen>
2451 -f Remove existing destinations, never prompt
2452 -r or -R Remove the contents of directories recursively
2453 </screen>
2454 </para>
3741 2455
3742<para> 2456 <para>
3743<screen> 2457 Example:
3744 -S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing 2458 </para>
3745 -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
3746 -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)
3747</screen>
3748 2459
2460 <para>
2461 <screen>
2462 $ rm -rf /tmp/foo
2463 </screen>
2464 </para>
2465 </sect1>
3749 2466
3750</para> 2467 <sect1 id="rmdir">
2468 <title>rmdir</title>
3751 2469
3752<para> 2470 <para>
3753------------------------------- 2471 Usage: rmdir DIRECTORY...
2472 </para>
3754 2473
2474 <para>
2475 Remove DIRECTORY(s) if they are empty.
2476 </para>
3755 2477
3756</para> 2478 <para>
2479 Example:
2480 </para>
3757 2481
3758</listitem></varlistentry> 2482 <para>
3759<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uptime 2483 <screen>
2484 $ rmdir /tmp/foo
2485 </screen>
2486 </para>
2487 </sect1>
3760 2488
3761</emphasis></term> 2489 <sect1 id="rmmod">
3762<listitem><para></para> 2490 <title>rmmod</title>
3763 2491
3764<para> 2492 <para>
3765Usage: uptime 2493 Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
2494 </para>
3766 2495
2496 <para>
2497 Unload MODULE(s) from the kernel.
2498 </para>
3767 2499
3768</para> 2500 <para>
2501 Options:
2502 </para>
3769 2503
3770<para> 2504 <para>
3771Tells how long the system has been running since boot. 2505 <screen>
2506 -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules
2507 </screen>
2508 </para>
3772 2509
2510 <para>
2511 Example:
2512 </para>
3773 2513
3774</para> 2514 <para>
2515 <screen>
2516 $ rmmod tulip
2517 </screen>
2518 </para>
2519 </sect1>
3775 2520
3776<para> 2521 <sect1 id="sed">
3777Example: 2522 <title>sed</title>
3778 2523
2524 <para>
2525 Usage: sed [OPTION]... SCRIPT [FILE]...
2526 </para>
3779 2527
3780</para> 2528 <para>
2529 Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:
2530 </para>
3781 2531
3782<para> 2532 <para>
3783<screen> 2533 <screen>
3784 $ uptime 2534 ADDR [!] COMMAND
3785 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00 2535 </screen>
3786</screen> 2536 </para>
3787 2537
2538 <para>
2539 ADDR can be:
2540 </para>
3788 2541
3789</para> 2542 <para>
2543 <screen>
2544 NUMBER Match specified line number
2545 $ Match last line
2546 /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp
2547 </screen>
2548 </para>
3790 2549
3791<para> 2550 <para>
3792------------------------------- 2551 ! inverts the meaning of the match
2552 </para>
3793 2553
2554 <para>
2555 COMMAND can be:
2556 </para>
3794 2557
3795</para> 2558 <para>
2559 <screen>
2560 s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
2561 which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
2562 and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.
2563 aTEXT
2564 which appends TEXT after the pattern space
2565 </screen>
2566 </para>
3796 2567
3797</listitem></varlistentry> 2568 <para>
3798<varlistentry><term><emphasis>usleep 2569 This version of sed matches full regular expressions.
2570 </para>
3799 2571
3800</emphasis></term> 2572 <para>
3801<listitem><para></para> 2573 Options:
2574 </para>
3802 2575
3803<para> 2576 <para>
3804Usage: usleep N 2577 <screen>
2578 -e Add the script to the commands to be executed
2579 -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
2580 </screen>
2581 </para>
3805 2582
2583 <para>
2584 Example:
2585 </para>
3806 2586
3807</para> 2587 <para>
2588 <screen>
2589 $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
2590 bar
2591 </screen>
2592 </para>
2593 </sect1>
3808 2594
3809<para> 2595 <sect1 id="setkeycodes">
3810Pauses for N microseconds. 2596 <title>setkeycodes</title>
3811 2597
2598 <para>
2599 Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
2600 </para>
3812 2601
3813</para> 2602 <para>
2603 Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
2604 allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
2605 </para>
3814 2606
3815<para> 2607 <para>
3816Example: 2608 SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and
2609 KEYCODE is given in decimal.
2610 </para>
3817 2611
2612 <para>
2613 Example:
2614 </para>
3818 2615
3819</para> 2616 <para>
2617 <screen>
2618 $ setkeycodes e030 127
2619 </screen>
2620 </para>
2621 </sect1>
3820 2622
3821<para> 2623 <sect1 id="sfdisk">
3822<screen> 2624 <title>sfdisk</title>
3823 $ usleep 1000000
3824 [pauses for 1 second]
3825</screen>
3826 2625
2626 <para>
2627 Usage: sfdisk [OPTION]... DEVICE
2628 </para>
3827 2629
3828</para> 2630 <para>
2631 Partition DEVICE.
2632 </para>
3829 2633
3830<para> 2634 <para>
3831------------------------------- 2635 Options:
2636 </para>
3832 2637
2638 <para>
2639 <screen>
2640 -s List size of a partition
2641 -c Print or change partition Id
2642 -l List partitions of each device
2643 -d Idem, but in a format suitable for later input
2644 -i Number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0
2645 -uS Accept/report in units of sectors
2646 -uB Accept/report in units of blocks
2647 -uC Accept/report in units of cylinders
2648 -uM Accept/report in units of MB
2649 -T List the known partition types
2650 -D For DOS-compatibility: waste a little space
2651 -R Make kernel reread partition table
2652 -N NUM Change only the partition with number NUM
2653 -n Do not actually write to disk
2654 -O FILE Save the sectors that will be overwritten to FILE
2655 -I FILE Restore these sectors from FILE
2656 </screen>
2657 </para>
3833 2658
3834</para> 2659 <para>
2660 Dangerous options:
2661 </para>
3835 2662
3836</listitem></varlistentry> 2663 <para>
3837<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uudecode 2664 <screen>
2665 -g Print the kernel's idea of the geometry
2666 -x Also list extended partitions on output
2667 or expect descriptors for them on input
2668 -L Do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux
2669 -q Suppress warning messages
2670 </screen>
2671 </para>
3838 2672
3839</emphasis></term> 2673 <para>
3840<listitem><para></para> 2674 You can override the detected geometry using:
2675 </para>
3841 2676
3842<para> 2677 <para>
3843Usage: uudecode [OPTION] [FILE] 2678 <screen>
2679 -C NUM Set the number of cylinders to use
2680 -H NUM Set the number of heads to use
2681 -S NUM Set the number of sectors to use
2682 </screen>
2683 </para>
3844 2684
2685 <para>
2686 You can disable all consistency checking with:
2687 </para>
3845 2688
3846</para> 2689 <para>
2690 <screen>
2691 -f Do what I say, even if it is stupid
2692 </screen>
2693 </para>
2694 </sect1>
3847 2695
3848<para> 2696 <sect1 id="sh">
3849Uudecode a uuencoded file 2697 <title>sh</title>
3850 2698
2699 <para>
2700 Usage: sh
2701 </para>
3851 2702
3852</para> 2703 <para>
2704 lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
2705 </para>
3853 2706
3854<para> 2707 <para>
3855Options: 2708 This command does not yet have proper documentation.
2709 </para>
3856 2710
2711 <para>
2712 Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It
2713 properly handles pipes, redirects, job control, can be
2714 used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), and has a
2715 sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does
2716 not (yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need
2717 things like ``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use
2718 ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and
2719 extremely small shell, this will do the job.
2720 </para>
2721 </sect1>
3857 2722
3858</para> 2723 <sect1 id="sleep">
2724 <title>sleep</title>
3859 2725
3860<para> 2726 <para>
3861<screen> 2727 Usage: sleep N
3862 -o FILE direct output to FILE 2728 </para>
3863</screen>
3864 2729
2730 <para>
2731 Pause for N seconds.
2732 </para>
3865 2733
3866</para> 2734 <para>
2735 Example:
2736 </para>
3867 2737
3868<para> 2738 <para>
3869Example: 2739 <screen>
2740 $ sleep 2
2741 [2 second delay results]
2742 </screen>
2743 </para>
2744 </sect1>
3870 2745
2746 <sect1 id="sort">
2747 <title>sort</title>
3871 2748
3872</para> 2749 <para>
2750 Usage: sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
2751 </para>
3873 2752
3874<para> 2753 <para>
3875<screen> 2754 Sort lines of text in FILE(s).
3876 $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu 2755 </para>
3877 $ ls -l busybox
3878 -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
3879</screen>
3880 2756
2757 <para>
2758 Options:
2759 </para>
3881 2760
3882</para> 2761 <para>
2762 <screen>
2763 -n Compare numerically
2764 -r Reverse after sorting
2765 </screen>
2766 </para>
3883 2767
3884<para> 2768 <para>
3885------------------------------- 2769 Example:
2770 </para>
3886 2771
2772 <para>
2773 <screen>
2774 $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
2775 a
2776 b
2777 c
2778 d
2779 e
2780 f
2781 </screen>
2782 </para>
2783 </sect1>
3887 2784
3888</para> 2785 <sect1 id="swapoff">
2786 <title>swapoff</title>
3889 2787
3890</listitem></varlistentry> 2788 <para>
3891<varlistentry><term><emphasis>uuencode 2789 Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [DEVICE]
2790 </para>
3892 2791
3893</emphasis></term> 2792 <para>
3894<listitem><para></para> 2793 Stop swapping virtual memory pages on DEVICE.
2794 </para>
3895 2795
3896<para> 2796 <para>
3897Usage: uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE 2797 Options:
2798 </para>
3898 2799
2800 <para>
2801 <screen>
2802 -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
2803 </screen>
2804 </para>
2805 </sect1>
3899 2806
3900</para> 2807 <sect1 id="swapon">
2808 <title>swapon</title>
3901 2809
3902<para> 2810 <para>
3903Uuencode a file. 2811 Usage: swapon [OPTION] [DEVICE]
2812 </para>
3904 2813
2814 <para>
2815 Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
2816 </para>
3905 2817
3906</para> 2818 <para>
2819 Options:
2820 </para>
3907 2821
3908<para> 2822 <para>
3909Options: 2823 <screen>
2824 -a Start swapping on all swap devices
2825 </screen>
2826 </para>
2827 </sect1>
3910 2828
2829 <sect1 id="sync">
2830 <title>sync</title>
3911 2831
3912</para> 2832 <para>
2833 Usage: sync
2834 </para>
3913 2835
3914<para> 2836 <para>
3915<screen> 2837 Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
3916 -m use base64 encoding as of RFC1521 2838 </para>
3917</screen> 2839 </sect1>
3918 2840
2841 <sect1 id="syslogd">
2842 <title>syslogd</title>
3919 2843
3920</para> 2844 <para>
2845 Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...
2846 </para>
3921 2847
3922<para> 2848 <para>
3923Example: 2849 Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging
2850 utility. Note that this version of syslogd/klogd ignores
2851 /etc/syslog.conf.
2852 </para>
3924 2853
2854 <para>
2855 Options:
2856 </para>
3925 2857
3926</para> 2858 <para>
2859 <screen>
2860 -m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
2861 -n Run as a foreground process
2862 -K Do not start up the klogd process
2863 -O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
2864 </screen>
2865 </para>
3927 2866
3928<para> 2867 <para>
3929<screen> 2868 Example:
3930 $ uuencode busybox busybox 2869 </para>
3931 begin 755 busybox
3932 M?T5,1@$!`0````````````(``P`!````L+@$"#0```!0N@,``````#0`(``&amp;
3933 .....
3934 $ uudecode busybox busybox &gt; busybox.uu
3935 $
3936</screen>
3937 2870
2871 <para>
2872 <screen>
2873 </screen>
2874 </para>
2875 </sect1>
3938 2876
3939</para> 2877 <sect1 id="tail">
2878 <title>tail</title>
3940 2879
3941<para> 2880 <para>
3942------------------------------- 2881 Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...
2882 </para>
3943 2883
2884 <para>
2885 Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
2886 With more than one FILE, precede each with a header
2887 giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -,
2888 read stdin.
2889 </para>
3944 2890
3945</para> 2891 <para>
2892 Options:
2893 </para>
3946 2894
3947</listitem></varlistentry> 2895 <para>
3948<varlistentry><term><emphasis>wc 2896 <screen>
2897 -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of last 10
2898 -f Output data as the file grows. This version
2899 of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.
2900 </screen>
2901 </para>
3949 2902
3950</emphasis></term> 2903 <para>
3951<listitem><para></para> 2904 Example:
2905 </para>
3952 2906
3953<para> 2907 <para>
3954Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... 2908 <screen>
2909 $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
2910 nameserver 10.0.0.1
2911 </screen>
2912 </para>
2913 </sect1>
3955 2914
2915 <sect1 id="tar">
2916 <title>tar</title>
3956 2917
3957</para> 2918 <para>
2919 Usage: tar [MODE] [OPTION] [FILE]...
2920 </para>
3958 2921
3959<para> 2922 <para>
3960Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more 2923
3961than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input. 2924 </para>
3962 2925
2926 <para>
2927 MODE may be chosen from
2928 </para>
3963 2929
3964</para> 2930 <para>
2931 <screen>
2932 c Create
2933 x Extract
2934 t List
2935 </screen>
2936 </para>
3965 2937
3966<para> 2938 <para>
3967Options: 2939 Options:
2940 </para>
3968 2941
2942 <para>
2943 <screen>
2944 f FILE Use FILE for tarfile (or stdin if '-')
2945 O Extract to stdout
2946 --exclude FILE Exclude FILE
2947 v List files processed
2948 </screen>
2949 </para>
3969 2950
3970</para> 2951 <para>
2952 Example:
2953 </para>
3971 2954
3972<para> 2955 <para>
3973<screen> 2956 <screen>
3974 -c print the byte counts 2957 $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
3975 -l print the newline counts 2958 $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
3976 -L print the length of the longest line 2959 </screen>
3977 -w print the word counts 2960 </para>
3978</screen> 2961 </sect1>
3979 2962
2963 <sect1 id="tee">
2964 <title>tee</title>
3980 2965
3981</para> 2966 <para>
2967 Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
2968 </para>
3982 2969
3983<para> 2970 <para>
3984Example: 2971 Copy stdin to FILE(s), and also to stdout.
2972 </para>
3985 2973
2974 <para>
2975 Options:
2976 </para>
3986 2977
3987</para> 2978 <para>
2979 <screen>
2980 -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
2981 </screen>
2982 </para>
3988 2983
3989<para> 2984 <para>
3990<screen> 2985 Example:
3991 $ wc /etc/passwd 2986 </para>
3992 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
3993</screen>
3994 2987
2988 <para>
2989 <screen>
2990 $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
2991 Hello
2992 $ cat /tmp/foo
2993 Hello
2994 </screen>
2995 </para>
2996 </sect1>
3995 2997
3996</para> 2998 <sect1 id="telnet">
2999 <title>telnet</title>
3997 3000
3998<para> 3001 <para>
3999------------------------------- 3002 Usage: telnet HOST [PORT]
3003 </para>
4000 3004
3005 <para>
3006 Establish interactive communication with another
3007 computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.
3008 </para>
3009 </sect1>
4001 3010
4002</para> 3011 <sect1 id="test">
3012 <title>test, [</title>
4003 3013
4004</listitem></varlistentry> 3014 <para>
4005<varlistentry><term><emphasis>which 3015 Usage: test EXPRESSION
3016 </para>
4006 3017
4007</emphasis></term> 3018 <para>
4008<listitem><para></para> 3019 <screen>
3020 or: [ EXPRESSION ]
4009 3021
4010<para> 3022 <para>
4011Usage: which [COMMAND ...] 3023 Check file types and compare values returning an exit
3024 code determined by the value of EXPRESSION.
3025 </para>
4012 3026
3027 <para>
3028 Example:
3029 </para>
4013 3030
4014</para> 3031 <para>
3032 <screen>
3033 $ test 1 -eq 2
3034 $ echo $?
3035 1
3036 $ test 1 -eq 1
3037 $ echo $?
3038 0
3039 $ [ -d /etc ]
3040 $ echo $?
3041 0
3042 $ [ -d /junk ]
3043 $ echo $?
3044 1
3045 </screen>
3046 </para>
3047 </sect1>
4015 3048
4016<para> 3049 <sect1 id="touch">
4017Locates a COMMAND. 3050 <title>touch</title>
4018 3051
3052 <para>
3053 Usage: touch [OPTION]... FILE...
3054 </para>
4019 3055
4020</para> 3056 <para>
3057 Update the last-modified date on (or create) FILE(s).
3058 </para>
4021 3059
4022<para> 3060 <para>
4023Example: 3061 Options:
3062 </para>
4024 3063
3064 <para>
3065 <screen>
3066 -c Do not create files
3067 </screen>
3068 </para>
4025 3069
4026</para> 3070 <para>
3071 Example:
3072 </para>
4027 3073
4028<para> 3074 <para>
4029<screen> 3075 <screen>
4030 $ which login 3076 $ ls -l /tmp/foo
4031 /bin/login 3077 /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
4032</screen> 3078 $ touch /tmp/foo
3079 $ ls -l /tmp/foo
3080 -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
3081 </screen>
3082 </para>
3083 </sect1>
4033 3084
3085 <sect1 id="tr">
3086 <title>tr</title>
4034 3087
4035</para> 3088 <para>
3089 Usage: tr [OPTION]... STRING1 [STRING2]
3090 </para>
4036 3091
4037<para> 3092 <para>
4038------------------------------- 3093 Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from stdin,
3094 writing to stdout.
3095 </para>
4039 3096
3097 <para>
3098 Options:
3099 </para>
4040 3100
4041</para> 3101 <para>
3102 <screen>
3103 -c Take complement of STRING1
3104 -d Delete input characters coded STRING1
3105 -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
3106 </screen>
3107 </para>
4042 3108
4043</listitem></varlistentry> 3109 <para>
4044<varlistentry><term><emphasis>whoami 3110 Example:
3111 </para>
4045 3112
4046</emphasis></term> 3113 <para>
4047<listitem><para></para> 3114 <screen>
3115 $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
3116 hello world
3117 </screen>
3118 </para>
3119 </sect1>
4048 3120
4049<para> 3121 <sect1 id="true">
4050Usage: whoami 3122 <title>true</title>
4051 3123
3124 <para>
3125 Usage: true
3126 </para>
4052 3127
4053</para> 3128 <para>
3129 Return an exit code of TRUE (1).
3130 </para>
4054 3131
4055<para> 3132 <para>
4056Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id. 3133 Example:
3134 </para>
4057 3135
3136 <para>
3137 <screen>
3138 $ true
3139 $ echo $?
3140 0
3141 </screen>
3142 </para>
3143 </sect1>
4058 3144
4059</para> 3145 <sect1 id="tty">
3146 <title>tty</title>
4060 3147
4061<para> 3148 <para>
4062Example: 3149 Usage: tty
3150 </para>
4063 3151
3152 <para>
3153 Print the file name of the terminal connected to stdin.
3154 </para>
4064 3155
4065</para> 3156 <para>
3157 Options:
3158 </para>
4066 3159
4067<para> 3160 <para>
4068<screen> 3161 <screen>
4069 $ whoami 3162 -s Print nothing, only return an exit status
4070 andersen 3163 </screen>
4071</screen> 3164 </para>
4072 3165
3166 <para>
3167 Example:
3168 </para>
4073 3169
4074</para> 3170 <para>
3171 <screen>
3172 $ tty
3173 /dev/tty2
3174 </screen>
3175 </para>
3176 </sect1>
4075 3177
4076<para> 3178 <sect1 id="umount">
4077------------------------------- 3179 <title>umount</title>
4078 3180
3181 <para>
3182 Usage: umount [OPTION]... DEVICE|DIRECTORY
3183 </para>
4079 3184
4080</para> 3185 <para>
3186
3187 </para>
4081 3188
4082</listitem></varlistentry> 3189 <para>
4083<varlistentry><term><emphasis>yes 3190 Options:
3191 </para>
4084 3192
4085</emphasis></term> 3193 <para>
4086<listitem><para></para> 3194 <screen>
3195 -a Unmount all file systems
3196 -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
3197 -f Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
3198 -l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
3199 </screen>
3200 </para>
4087 3201
4088<para> 3202 <para>
4089Usage: yes [OPTION]... [STRING]... 3203 Example:
3204 </para>
4090 3205
3206 <para>
3207 <screen>
3208 $ umount /dev/hdc1
3209 </screen>
3210 </para>
3211 </sect1>
4091 3212
4092</para> 3213 <sect1 id="uname">
3214 <title>uname</title>
4093 3215
4094<para> 3216 <para>
4095Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified <literal>STRING(s),</literal> 3217 Usage: uname [OPTION]...
4096or `y'. 3218 </para>
4097 3219
3220 <para>
3221 Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same
3222 as -s.
3223 </para>
4098 3224
4099</para> 3225 <para>
3226 Options:
3227 </para>
4100 3228
4101<para> 3229 <para>
4102------------------------------- 3230 <screen>
3231 -a Print all information
3232 -m Print the machine (hardware) type
3233 -n Print the machine's network node hostname
3234 -r Print the operating system release
3235 -s Print the operating system name
3236 -p Print the host processor type
3237 -v Print the operating system version
3238 </screen>
3239 </para>
4103 3240
3241 <para>
3242 Example:
3243 </para>
4104 3244
4105</para> 3245 <para>
3246 <screen>
3247 $ uname -a
3248 Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
3249 </screen>
3250 </para>
3251 </sect1>
4106 3252
4107</listitem></varlistentry> 3253 <sect1 id="uniq">
4108<varlistentry><term><emphasis>zcat 3254 <title>uniq</title>
4109 3255
4110</emphasis></term> 3256 <para>
4111<listitem><para></para> 3257 Usage: uniq [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
3258 </para>
4112 3259
4113<para> 3260 <para>
4114This is essentially an alias for invoking ``gunzip <emphasis>-c</emphasis>'', where it decompresses the file in question and send the output to 3261 Discard all but one of successive identical lines from
4115stdout. 3262 INPUT (or stdin), writing to OUTPUT (or stdout).
3263 </para>
4116 3264
3265 <para>
3266 Example:
3267 </para>
4117 3268
4118</para> 3269 <para>
3270 <screen>
3271 $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
3272 a
3273 b
3274 c
3275 </screen>
3276 </para>
3277 </sect1>
4119 3278
4120<para> 3279 <sect1 id="update">
4121------------------------------- 3280 <title>update</title>
4122 3281
3282 <para>
3283 Usage: update [OPTION]...
3284 </para>
4123 3285
4124</para> 3286 <para>
3287 Periodically flush filesystem buffers.
3288 </para>
4125 3289
4126</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist> 3290 <para>
3291 Options:
3292 </para>
4127 3293
4128</sect1> 3294 <para>
3295 <screen>
3296 -S Force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
3297 -s SECS Call sync this often (default 30)
3298 -f SECS Flush some buffers this often (default 5)
3299 </screen>
3300 </para>
3301 </sect1>
4129 3302
4130<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-6"><title>LIBC NSS 3303 <sect1 id="uptime">
3304 <title>uptime</title>
4131 3305
4132</title> 3306 <para>
4133<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it --> 3307 Usage: uptime
4134<para> 3308 </para>
4135</para>
4136 3309
3310 <para>
3311 Display how long the system has been running since boot.
3312 </para>
4137 3313
4138<para> 3314 <para>
4139GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of 3315 Example:
4140the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads 3316 </para>
4141system data, such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it
4142Policy that it will never use NSS, and will never use libc calls that
4143make use of NSS. This allows you to run an embedded system without the need
4144for installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without /lib/libnss_*
4145libraries installed.
4146 3317
3318 <para>
3319 <screen>
3320 $ uptime
3321 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
3322 </screen>
3323 </para>
3324 </sect1>
4147 3325
4148</para> 3326 <sect1 id="usleep">
3327 <title>usleep</title>
4149 3328
4150<para> 3329 <para>
4151If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for 3330 Usage: usleep N
4152authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will 3331 </para>
4153need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have
4154enough space to install of that stuff on your system, then you probably
4155want the full GNU utilities.
4156 3332
3333 <para>
3334 Pause for N microseconds.
3335 </para>
4157 3336
4158</para> 3337 <para>
3338 Example:
3339 </para>
4159 3340
4160</sect1> 3341 <para>
3342 <screen>
3343 $ usleep 1000000
3344 [pauses for 1 second]
3345 </screen>
3346 </para>
3347 </sect1>
4161 3348
4162<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-7"><title>SEE ALSO 3349 <sect1 id="uudecode">
3350 <title>uudecode</title>
4163 3351
4164</title> 3352 <para>
4165<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it --> 3353 Usage: uudecode [OPTION] [FILE]
4166<para> 3354 </para>
4167</para>
4168 3355
3356 <para>
3357 Uudecode a uuencoded file.
3358 </para>
4169 3359
4170<para> 3360 <para>
4171<literal>textutils(1),</literal> <literal>shellutils(1),</literal> etc... 3361 Options:
3362 </para>
4172 3363
3364 <para>
3365 <screen>
3366 -o FILE Direct output to FILE
3367 </screen>
3368 </para>
4173 3369
4174</para> 3370 <para>
3371 Example:
3372 </para>
4175 3373
4176</sect1> 3374 <para>
3375 <screen>
3376 $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
3377 $ ls -l busybox
3378 -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
3379 </screen>
3380 </para>
3381 </sect1>
4177 3382
4178<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-8"><title>MAINTAINER 3383 <sect1 id="uuencode">
3384 <title>uuencode</title>
4179 3385
4180</title> 3386 <para>
4181<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it --> 3387 Usage: uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] OUTFILE
4182<para> 3388 </para>
4183</para>
4184 3389
3390 <para>
3391 Uuencode a file.
3392 </para>
4185 3393
4186<para> 3394 <para>
4187Erik Andersen &lt;andersee@debian.org&gt; &lt;andersen@lineo.com&gt; 3395 Options:
3396 </para>
4188 3397
3398 <para>
3399 <screen>
3400 -m Use base64 encoding as of RFC1521
3401 </screen>
3402 </para>
4189 3403
4190</para> 3404 <para>
3405 Example:
3406 </para>
4191 3407
4192</sect1> 3408 <para>
3409 <screen>
3410 $ uuencode busybox busybox
3411 begin 755 busybox
3412 M?T5,1@$!`0````````````(``P`!````L+@$"#0```!0N@,``````#0`(``&amp;
3413 .....
3414 $ uudecode busybox busybox &gt; busybox.uu
3415 $
3416 </screen>
3417 </para>
3418 </sect1>
4193 3419
4194<sect1 id="pod2docbook-ch-1-sect-9"><title>AUTHORS 3420 <sect1 id="wc">
3421 <title>wc</title>
4195 3422
4196</title> 3423 <para>
4197<!-- Bogus hack to ensure that each sect has a paragraph in it --> 3424 Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
4198<para> 3425 </para>
4199</para>
4200 3426
3427 <para>
3428 Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a
3429 total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no
3430 FILE, read stdin.
3431 </para>
4201 3432
4202<para> 3433 <para>
4203The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it 3434 Options:
4204or not. 3435 </para>
4205 3436
3437 <para>
3438 <screen>
3439 -c Print the byte counts
3440 -l Print the newline counts
3441 -L Print the length of the longest line
3442 -w Print the word counts
3443 </screen>
3444 </para>
4206 3445
4207</para> 3446 <para>
3447 Example:
3448 </para>
4208 3449
4209<para> 3450 <para>
4210Erik Andersen &lt;andersee@debian.org&gt; 3451 <screen>
3452 $ wc /etc/passwd
3453 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
3454 </screen>
3455 </para>
3456 </sect1>
4211 3457
3458 <sect1 id="which">
3459 <title>which</title>
4212 3460
4213</para> 3461 <para>
3462 Usage: which [COMMAND]...
3463 </para>
4214 3464
4215<para> 3465 <para>
4216John Beppu &lt;beppu@lineo.com&gt; 3466 Locate COMMAND(s).
3467 </para>
4217 3468
3469 <para>
3470 Example:
3471 </para>
4218 3472
4219</para> 3473 <para>
3474 <screen>
3475 $ which login
3476 /bin/login
3477 </screen>
3478 </para>
3479 </sect1>
4220 3480
4221<para> 3481 <sect1 id="whoami">
4222Brian Candler &lt;B.Candler@pobox.com&gt; 3482 <title>whoami</title>
4223 3483
3484 <para>
3485 Usage: whoami
3486 </para>
4224 3487
4225</para> 3488 <para>
3489 Print the user name associated with the current
3490 effective user id.
3491 </para>
4226 3492
4227<para> 3493 <para>
4228Randolph Chung &lt;tausq@debian.org&gt; 3494 Example:
3495 </para>
4229 3496
3497 <para>
3498 <screen>
3499 $ whoami
3500 andersen
3501 </screen>
3502 </para>
3503 </sect1>
4230 3504
4231</para> 3505 <sect1 id="yes">
3506 <title>yes</title>
4232 3507
4233<para> 3508 <para>
4234Dave Cinege &lt;dcinege@psychosis.com&gt; 3509 Usage: yes [STRING]...
3510 </para>
4235 3511
3512 <para>
3513 Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s),
3514 or `y'.
3515 </para>
3516 </sect1>
4236 3517
4237</para> 3518 <sect1 id="zcat">
3519 <title>zcat</title>
4238 3520
4239<para> 3521 <para>
4240Karl M. Hegbloom &lt;karlheg@debian.org&gt; 3522 Usage: zcat [OPTION]... FILE
3523 </para>
4241 3524
3525 <para>
3526 Uncompress FILE (or stdin if FILE is '-') to stdout.
3527 </para>
4242 3528
4243</para> 3529 <para>
3530 Options:
3531 </para>
4244 3532
4245<para> 3533 <para>
4246John Lombardo &lt;john@deltanet.com&gt; 3534 <screen>
3535 -t Test compressed file integrity
3536 </screen>
3537 </para>
4247 3538
3539 <para>
3540 Example:
3541 </para>
4248 3542
4249</para> 3543 <para>
3544 <screen>
3545 </screen>
3546 </para>
3547 </sect1>
3548 </chapter>
4250 3549
4251<para> 3550 <chapter id="LIBC-NSS">
4252Glenn McGrath &lt;bug1@netconnect.com.au&gt; 3551 <title>LIBC NSS</title>
4253 3552
3553 <para>
3554 GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
3555 behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to
3556 configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group
3557 information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it will never use
3558 NSS, and will never use libc calls that make use of NSS. This
3559 allows you to run an embedded system without the need for
3560 installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without /lib/libnss_*
3561 libraries installed.
3562 </para>
4254 3563
4255</para> 3564 <para>
3565 If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for
3566 authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox,
3567 then you will need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are
3568 though, that if you have enough space to install of that stuff
3569 on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities.
3570 </para>
3571 </chapter>
4256 3572
4257<para> 3573 <chapter id="SEE-ALSO">
4258Bruce Perens &lt;bruce@perens.com&gt; 3574 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
4259 3575
3576 <para>
3577 <literal>textutils(1),</literal>
3578 <literal>shellutils(1),</literal>
3579 etc...
3580 </para>
3581 </chapter>
4260 3582
4261</para> 3583 <chapter id="MAINTAINER">
3584 <title>MAINTAINER</title>
4262 3585
4263<para> 3586 <para>
4264Pavel Roskin &lt;proski@gnu.org&gt; 3587 Erik Andersen &lt;andersee@debian.org&gt; &lt;andersen@lineo.com&gt;
3588 </para>
3589 </chapter>
4265 3590
3591 <chapter id="AUTHORS">
3592 <title>AUTHORS</title>
4266 3593
4267</para> 3594 <para>
3595 The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether
3596 they know it or not.
3597 </para>
4268 3598
4269<para> 3599 <para>
4270Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@transmeta.com&gt; 3600 Erik Andersen &lt;andersee@debian.org&gt;
3601 </para>
4271 3602
3603 <para>
3604 John Beppu &lt;beppu@lineo.com&gt;
3605 </para>
4272 3606
4273</para> 3607 <para>
3608 Brian Candler &lt;B.Candler@pobox.com&gt;
3609 </para>
4274 3610
4275<para> 3611 <para>
4276Charles P. Wright &lt;cpwright@villagenet.com&gt; 3612 Randolph Chung &lt;tausq@debian.org&gt;
3613 </para>
4277 3614
3615 <para>
3616 Dave Cinege &lt;dcinege@psychosis.com&gt;
3617 </para>
4278 3618
4279</para> 3619 <para>
3620 Karl M. Hegbloom &lt;karlheg@debian.org&gt;
3621 </para>
4280 3622
4281<para> 3623 <para>
4282Enrique Zanardi &lt;ezanardi@ull.es&gt; 3624 John Lombardo &lt;john@deltanet.com&gt;
3625 </para>
4283 3626
3627 <para>
3628 Glenn McGrath &lt;bug1@netconnect.com.au&gt;
3629 </para>
4284 3630
4285</para> 3631 <para>
3632 Bruce Perens &lt;bruce@perens.com&gt;
3633 </para>
4286 3634
4287</sect1> 3635 <para>
3636 Pavel Roskin &lt;proski@gnu.org&gt;
3637 </para>
4288 3638
4289</chapter> 3639 <para>
3640 Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@transmeta.com&gt;
3641 </para>
4290 3642
3643 <para>
3644 Charles P. Wright &lt;cpwright@villagenet.com&gt;
3645 </para>
4291 3646
3647 <para>
3648 Enrique Zanardi &lt;ezanardi@ull.es&gt;
3649 </para>
3650 </chapter>
4292</book> <!-- End of the book --> 3651</book> <!-- End of the book -->
generated by cgit v1.2.3-55-g6feb (git 2.39.1) at 2026-01-28 16:34:03 +0000