Migrated unit tests to Catch2 v3.7.1

18 files changed, 27424 insertions, 1361 deletions

diff --git a/src/deep.cpp b/src/deep.cpp
index bc0b73c..c1ef30e 100644
--- a/src/deep.cpp
+++ b/src/deep.cpp
@@ -112,13 +112,13 @@ int DeepFactory::DeepGC(lua_State* const L_)
 
     if (_isLastRef) {
         // retrieve wrapped __gc, if any
-        lua_pushvalue(L_, lua_upvalueindex(1));                                                // L_: self __gc?
+        lua_pushvalue(L_, lua_upvalueindex(1));                                                    // L_: self __gc?
         if (!lua_isnil(L_, -1)) {
-            lua_insert(L_, -2);                                                                // L_: __gc self
-            lua_call(L_, 1, 0);                                                                // L_:
+            lua_insert(L_, -2);                                                                    // L_: __gc self
+            lua_call(L_, 1, 0);                                                                    // L_:
         } else {
             // need an empty stack in case we are GC_ing from a Keeper, so that empty stack checks aren't triggered
-            lua_pop(L_, 2);                                                                    // L_:
+            lua_pop(L_, 2);                                                                        // L_:
         }
         DeleteDeepObject(L_, _p);
     }
diff --git a/tests/cancel.lua b/tests/cancel.lua
index 9b65ad3..84203f1 100644
--- a/tests/cancel.lua
+++ b/tests/cancel.lua
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ if not next(which_tests) or which_tests.linda then
         SLEEP(1)
 
         -- linda cancel: linda:receive() returns nil,cancel_error immediately
-        print "cancelling"
+        print "cancelling - both"
         linda:cancel("both")
 
         -- wait until cancellation is effective.
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ if not next(which_tests) or which_tests.soft then
         waitCancellation(h, "waiting")
 
         -- soft cancel, this time awakens waiting linda operations, which returns cancel_error immediately, no timeout.
-        print "cancelling"
+        print "cancelling - soft"
         h:cancel("soft", true)
 
         -- wait until cancellation is effective. the lane will interrupt its loop and print the exit message
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ if not next(which_tests) or which_tests.hook then
         SLEEP(2)
 
         -- count hook cancel after some instruction instructions
-        print "cancelling"
+        print "cancelling - line"
         h:cancel("line", 300, 5.0)
 
         -- wait until cancellation is effective. the lane will interrupt its loop and print the exit message
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ if not next(which_tests) or which_tests.hard then
         SLEEP(2)
 
         -- hard cancel: the lane will be interrupted from inside its current linda:receive() and won't return from it
-        print "cancelling"
+        print "cancelling - hard"
         h:cancel()
 
         -- wait until cancellation is effective. the lane will be stopped by the linda operation throwing an error
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ if not next(which_tests) or which_tests.hard_unprotected then
         SLEEP(2)
 
         -- hard cancel: the lane will be interrupted from inside its current linda:receive() and won't return from it
-        print "cancelling"
+        print "cancelling - hard"
         h:cancel()
 
         -- wait until cancellation is effective. the lane will be stopped by the linda operation throwing an error
diff --git a/unit_tests/Catch2.runsettings b/unit_tests/Catch2.runsettings
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9360bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unit_tests/Catch2.runsettings
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- https://github.com/JohnnyHendriks/TestAdapter_Catch2/blob/main/Docs/Settings.md -->
+<RunSettings>
+        <Catch2Adapter>
+                <DiscoverCommandLine>--list-tests --verbosity high</DiscoverCommandLine>
+                <DiscoverTimeout>300000</DiscoverTimeout>
+
+                <!-- Executable Filename
+                        Discover filenames with ... (must not include the .exe extension)
+                        Regex breakdown: ^scimitar(_(.+))+(p|r|d)(_?(.+))x*$
+                        - ^scimitar : find file that starts with scimitar
+                        - (_(.+))+ : follows with a number of elements starting with _ (_foo_bar_dll)
+                        - (r|d|p) : contains a word with one of these letters : r (release), d (debug), p (profile).
+                        - (_?(.+)): optionally follow with underscores.
+                        - x*$ end of line
+                -->
+                <FilenameFilter>UnitTests</FilenameFilter>
+
+                <!-- Enable breaking on failure -->
+                <DebugBreak>on</DebugBreak>
+
+                <!-- Combine: A single test executable is started to run multiple test cases. (Single: instance per test case) -->
+                <ExecutionMode>Combine</ExecutionMode>
+
+                <!-- In Milliseconds -->
+                <TestCaseTimeout>10000</TestCaseTimeout>
+
+                <!-- Working directory -->
+                <WorkingDirectoryRoot>Solution</WorkingDirectoryRoot>
+                <WorkingDirectory>Lanes</WorkingDirectory>
+        </Catch2Adapter>
+</RunSettings>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj b/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj
index adb90b5..5cc3b2f 100644
--- a/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj
+++ b/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -123,14 +123,14 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua53\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
     <Link>
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua54.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua53.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.2|Win32'">
@@ -141,14 +141,14 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua52\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua52\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
     <Link>
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua52.lib;gtestd.lib;gtest_maind.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua52.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.1|Win32'">
@@ -159,14 +159,14 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua51\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua51\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
     <Link>
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua51.lib;gtestd.lib;gtest_maind.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua51.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.4|x64'">
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>X64;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
       <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\bin\$(Platform)\Debug;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\lib\native\v140\windesktop\msvcstl\static\rt-dyn\x64\Debug</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua54.lib;gtestd.lib;gtest_maind.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua54.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
       <IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
       </IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
     </Link>
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>X64;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua53\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua53\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
       <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua53\bin\$(Platform)\Debug;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\lib\native\v140\windesktop\msvcstl\static\rt-dyn\x64\Debug</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua53.lib;gtestd.lib;gtest_maind.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua53.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
       <IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
       </IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
     </Link>
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>X64;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua52\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua52\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
       <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua52\bin\$(Platform)\Debug;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\lib\native\v140\windesktop\msvcstl\static\rt-dyn\x64\Debug</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua52.lib;gtestd.lib;gtest_maind.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua52.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
       <IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
       </IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
     </Link>
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>X64;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua51\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua51\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
       <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
       <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua51\bin\$(Platform)\Debug;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\lib\native\v140\windesktop\msvcstl\static\rt-dyn\x64\Debug</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua51.lib;gtestd.lib;gtest_maind.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua51.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
       <IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
       </IgnoreSpecificDefaultLibraries>
     </Link>
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
     </ClCompile>
     <Link>
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
-      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\build\native\include\;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\include;$(SolutionDir)Lanes</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
     </ClCompile>
     <Link>
       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
@@ -287,12 +287,13 @@
       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
       <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(SolutionDir)..\Lua54\bin\$(Platform)\Release;$(SolutionDir)..\Microsoft.googletest.v140.windesktop.msvcstl.static.rt-dyn.1.8.1.7\lib\native\v140\windesktop\msvcstl\static\rt-dyn\x64\Release</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
-      <AdditionalDependencies>lua54.lib;gtest.lib;gtest_main.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>lua54.lib;$(CoreLibraryDependencies);%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
     </Link>
   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="..\src\compat.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\src\deep.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="catch_amalgamated.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="_pch.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="shared.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
@@ -310,6 +311,18 @@
       <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.2|x64'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
     </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\src\deep.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="catch_amalgamated.cpp">
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.3|Win32'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.4|Win32'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.1|Win32'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release 5.4|Win32'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.2|Win32'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.3|x64'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.4|x64'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.1|x64'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release 5.4|x64'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.2|x64'">NotUsing</PrecompiledHeader>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="deep_tests.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="embedded_tests.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="lane_tests.cpp" />
@@ -331,6 +344,7 @@
     </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="Catch2.runsettings" />
     <None Include="scripts\coro\basics.lua" />
     <None Include="scripts\coro\error_handling.lua" />
     <None Include="scripts\lane\cooperative_shutdown.lua" />
diff --git a/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj.filters b/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj.filters
index 64c2a73..45ae229 100644
--- a/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj.filters
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\src\deep.cpp">
       <Filter>Lanes</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="catch_amalgamated.cpp">
+      <Filter>Catch2</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="_pch.hpp" />
@@ -25,6 +28,9 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\src\compat.hpp">
       <Filter>Lanes</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="catch_amalgamated.hpp">
+      <Filter>Catch2</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Filter Include="Scripts">
@@ -42,6 +48,9 @@
     <Filter Include="Scripts\coro">
       <UniqueIdentifier>{3cf4f618-1863-4de0-8761-5fca21e6b07c}</UniqueIdentifier>
     </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Catch2">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{2e1bf85c-7722-42ba-86f8-ac0f5a494ac5}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="scripts\linda\send_receive.lua">
@@ -95,5 +104,8 @@
     <None Include="scripts\linda\send_registered_userdata.lua">
       <Filter>Scripts\linda</Filter>
     </None>
+    <None Include="Catch2.runsettings">
+      <Filter>Catch2</Filter>
+    </None>
   </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj.user b/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj.user
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9aae23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unit_tests/UnitTests.vcxproj.user
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.4|x64'">
+    <LocalDebuggerCommandArguments />
+    <RemoteDebuggerCommandArguments />
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.1|Win32'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.2|Win32'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.3|Win32'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.4|Win32'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release 5.4|Win32'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.1|x64'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+    <LocalDebuggerCommandArguments />
+    <RemoteDebuggerCommandArguments />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.2|x64'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug 5.3|x64'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release 5.4|x64'">
+    <LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>$(SolutionDir)Lanes</LocalDebuggerWorkingDirectory>
+    <DebuggerFlavor>WindowsLocalDebugger</DebuggerFlavor>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/unit_tests/_pch.cpp b/unit_tests/_pch.cpp
index 38b27e8..189089a 100644
--- a/unit_tests/_pch.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/_pch.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
 #include "_pch.hpp"
 
 // IMPORTANT INFORMATION: some relative paths coded in the test implementations suppose that the cwd when debugging is $(SolutionDir)Lanes
-// Therefore that's what needs to be set in Google Test Adapter 'Working Directory' global setting...
\ No newline at end of file
+// Therefore that's what needs to be set in Google Test Adapter 'Working Directory' global setting...
+
+//int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+//{
+//    // your setup ...
+//
+//    int result = Catch::Session().run(argc, argv);
+//
+//    // your clean-up...
+//
+//    return result;
+//}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/unit_tests/_pch.hpp b/unit_tests/_pch.hpp
index 5d3c3e9..7fa18a2 100644
--- a/unit_tests/_pch.hpp
+++ b/unit_tests/_pch.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cassert>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <source_location>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <variant>
 
-#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "catch_amalgamated.hpp"
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C"
diff --git a/unit_tests/catch_amalgamated.cpp b/unit_tests/catch_amalgamated.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8288905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unit_tests/catch_amalgamated.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11811 @@
+
+//              Copyright Catch2 Authors
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//   (See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+//        https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSL-1.0
+
+//  Catch v3.7.1
+//  Generated: 2024-09-17 10:36:45.608896
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+//  This file is an amalgamation of multiple different files.
+//  You probably shouldn't edit it directly.
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+#include "catch_amalgamated.hpp"
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+// We might end up with the define made globally through the compiler,
+// and we don't want to trigger warnings for this
+#if !defined(NOMINMAX)
+#  define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#if !defined(WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN)
+#  define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#endif // defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+#endif // CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            ChronometerConcept::~ChronometerConcept() = default;
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            SampleAnalysis analyse(const IConfig &cfg, FDuration* first, FDuration* last) {
+                if (!cfg.benchmarkNoAnalysis()) {
+                    std::vector<double> samples;
+                    samples.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(last - first));
+                    for (auto current = first; current != last; ++current) {
+                        samples.push_back( current->count() );
+                    }
+
+                    auto analysis = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::analyse_samples(
+                        cfg.benchmarkConfidenceInterval(),
+                        cfg.benchmarkResamples(),
+                        samples.data(),
+                        samples.data() + samples.size() );
+                    auto outliers = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::classify_outliers(
+                        samples.data(), samples.data() + samples.size() );
+
+                    auto wrap_estimate = [](Estimate<double> e) {
+                        return Estimate<FDuration> {
+                            FDuration(e.point),
+                                FDuration(e.lower_bound),
+                                FDuration(e.upper_bound),
+                                e.confidence_interval,
+                        };
+                    };
+                    std::vector<FDuration> samples2;
+                    samples2.reserve(samples.size());
+                    for (auto s : samples) {
+                        samples2.push_back( FDuration( s ) );
+                    }
+
+                    return {
+                        CATCH_MOVE(samples2),
+                        wrap_estimate(analysis.mean),
+                        wrap_estimate(analysis.standard_deviation),
+                        outliers,
+                        analysis.outlier_variance,
+                    };
+                } else {
+                    std::vector<FDuration> samples;
+                    samples.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(last - first));
+
+                    FDuration mean = FDuration(0);
+                    int i = 0;
+                    for (auto it = first; it < last; ++it, ++i) {
+                        samples.push_back(*it);
+                        mean += *it;
+                    }
+                    mean /= i;
+
+                    return SampleAnalysis{
+                        CATCH_MOVE(samples),
+                        Estimate<FDuration>{ mean, mean, mean, 0.0 },
+                        Estimate<FDuration>{ FDuration( 0 ),
+                                             FDuration( 0 ),
+                                             FDuration( 0 ),
+                                             0.0 },
+                        OutlierClassification{},
+                        0.0
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            struct do_nothing {
+                void operator()() const {}
+            };
+
+            BenchmarkFunction::callable::~callable() = default;
+            BenchmarkFunction::BenchmarkFunction():
+                f( new model<do_nothing>{ {} } ){}
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            struct optimized_away_error : std::exception {
+                const char* what() const noexcept override;
+            };
+
+            const char* optimized_away_error::what() const noexcept {
+                return "could not measure benchmark, maybe it was optimized away";
+            }
+
+            void throw_optimized_away_error() {
+                Catch::throw_exception(optimized_away_error{});
+            }
+
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <random>
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
+#include <future>
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            namespace {
+
+                template <typename URng, typename Estimator>
+                static sample
+                resample( URng& rng,
+                          unsigned int resamples,
+                          double const* first,
+                          double const* last,
+                          Estimator& estimator ) {
+                    auto n = static_cast<size_t>( last - first );
+                    Catch::uniform_integer_distribution<size_t> dist( 0, n - 1 );
+
+                    sample out;
+                    out.reserve( resamples );
+                    std::vector<double> resampled;
+                    resampled.reserve( n );
+                    for ( size_t i = 0; i < resamples; ++i ) {
+                        resampled.clear();
+                        for ( size_t s = 0; s < n; ++s ) {
+                            resampled.push_back( first[dist( rng )] );
+                        }
+                        const auto estimate =
+                            estimator( resampled.data(), resampled.data() + resampled.size() );
+                        out.push_back( estimate );
+                    }
+                    std::sort( out.begin(), out.end() );
+                    return out;
+                }
+
+                static double outlier_variance( Estimate<double> mean,
+                                                Estimate<double> stddev,
+                                                int n ) {
+                    double sb = stddev.point;
+                    double mn = mean.point / n;
+                    double mg_min = mn / 2.;
+                    double sg = (std::min)( mg_min / 4., sb / std::sqrt( n ) );
+                    double sg2 = sg * sg;
+                    double sb2 = sb * sb;
+
+                    auto c_max = [n, mn, sb2, sg2]( double x ) -> double {
+                        double k = mn - x;
+                        double d = k * k;
+                        double nd = n * d;
+                        double k0 = -n * nd;
+                        double k1 = sb2 - n * sg2 + nd;
+                        double det = k1 * k1 - 4 * sg2 * k0;
+                        return static_cast<int>( -2. * k0 /
+                                                 ( k1 + std::sqrt( det ) ) );
+                    };
+
+                    auto var_out = [n, sb2, sg2]( double c ) {
+                        double nc = n - c;
+                        return ( nc / n ) * ( sb2 - nc * sg2 );
+                    };
+
+                    return (std::min)( var_out( 1 ),
+                                       var_out(
+                                           (std::min)( c_max( 0. ),
+                                                       c_max( mg_min ) ) ) ) /
+                           sb2;
+                }
+
+                static double erf_inv( double x ) {
+                    // Code accompanying the article "Approximating the erfinv
+                    // function" in GPU Computing Gems, Volume 2
+                    double w, p;
+
+                    w = -log( ( 1.0 - x ) * ( 1.0 + x ) );
+
+                    if ( w < 6.250000 ) {
+                        w = w - 3.125000;
+                        p = -3.6444120640178196996e-21;
+                        p = -1.685059138182016589e-19 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.2858480715256400167e-18 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.115787767802518096e-17 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.333171662854620906e-16 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.0972767875968561637e-17 + p * w;
+                        p = 6.6376381343583238325e-15 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.0545662729752068639e-14 + p * w;
+                        p = -8.1519341976054721522e-14 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.6335093153082322977e-12 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.2975133253453532498e-11 + p * w;
+                        p = -5.4154120542946279317e-11 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.051212273321532285e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.1126339803469836976e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -2.9070369957882005086e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 4.2347877827932403518e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.3654692000834678645e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.3882523362786468719e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.0001867342080340571352 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.00074070253416626697512 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0060336708714301490533 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.24015818242558961693 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.6536545626831027356 + p * w;
+                    } else if ( w < 16.000000 ) {
+                        w = sqrt( w ) - 3.250000;
+                        p = 2.2137376921775787049e-09;
+                        p = 9.0756561938885390979e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = -2.7517406297064545428e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.8239629214389227755e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.5027403968909827627e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.013867526981545969e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.9234449089955446044e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.2475304481671778723e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = -4.7318229009055733981e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 6.8284851459573175448e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.4031110387097893999e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0003550375203628474796 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.00095328937973738049703 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0016882755560235047313 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.0024914420961078508066 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.0037512085075692412107 + p * w;
+                        p = 0.005370914553590063617 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.0052589676941592334 + p * w;
+                        p = 3.0838856104922207635 + p * w;
+                    } else {
+                        w = sqrt( w ) - 5.000000;
+                        p = -2.7109920616438573243e-11;
+                        p = -2.5556418169965252055e-10 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.5076572693500548083e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -3.7894654401267369937e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = 7.6157012080783393804e-09 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.4960026627149240478e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.9147953450901080826e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = -6.7711997758452339498e-08 + p * w;
+                        p = 2.2900482228026654717e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = -9.9298272942317002539e-07 + p * w;
+                        p = 4.5260625972231537039e-06 + p * w;
+                        p = -1.9681778105531670567e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = 7.5995277030017761139e-05 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.00021503011930044477347 + p * w;
+                        p = -0.00013871931833623122026 + p * w;
+                        p = 1.0103004648645343977 + p * w;
+                        p = 4.8499064014085844221 + p * w;
+                    }
+                    return p * x;
+                }
+
+                static double
+                standard_deviation( double const* first, double const* last ) {
+                    auto m = Catch::Benchmark::Detail::mean( first, last );
+                    double variance =
+                        std::accumulate( first,
+                                         last,
+                                         0.,
+                                         [m]( double a, double b ) {
+                                             double diff = b - m;
+                                             return a + diff * diff;
+                                         } ) /
+                        ( last - first );
+                    return std::sqrt( variance );
+                }
+
+                static sample jackknife( double ( *estimator )( double const*,
+                                                                double const* ),
+                                         double* first,
+                                         double* last ) {
+                    const auto second = first + 1;
+                    sample results;
+                    results.reserve( static_cast<size_t>( last - first ) );
+
+                    for ( auto it = first; it != last; ++it ) {
+                        std::iter_swap( it, first );
+                        results.push_back( estimator( second, last ) );
+                    }
+
+                    return results;
+                }
+
+
+            } // namespace
+        }     // namespace Detail
+    }         // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+
+            double weighted_average_quantile( int k,
+                                              int q,
+                                              double* first,
+                                              double* last ) {
+                auto count = last - first;
+                double idx = (count - 1) * k / static_cast<double>(q);
+                int j = static_cast<int>(idx);
+                double g = idx - j;
+                std::nth_element(first, first + j, last);
+                auto xj = first[j];
+                if ( Catch::Detail::directCompare( g, 0 ) ) {
+                    return xj;
+                }
+
+                auto xj1 = *std::min_element(first + (j + 1), last);
+                return xj + g * (xj1 - xj);
+            }
+
+            OutlierClassification
+            classify_outliers( double const* first, double const* last ) {
+                std::vector<double> copy( first, last );
+
+                auto q1 = weighted_average_quantile( 1, 4, copy.data(), copy.data() + copy.size() );
+                auto q3 = weighted_average_quantile( 3, 4, copy.data(), copy.data() + copy.size() );
+                auto iqr = q3 - q1;
+                auto los = q1 - ( iqr * 3. );
+                auto lom = q1 - ( iqr * 1.5 );
+                auto him = q3 + ( iqr * 1.5 );
+                auto his = q3 + ( iqr * 3. );
+
+                OutlierClassification o;
+                for ( ; first != last; ++first ) {
+                    const double t = *first;
+                    if ( t < los ) {
+                        ++o.low_severe;
+                    } else if ( t < lom ) {
+                        ++o.low_mild;
+                    } else if ( t > his ) {
+                        ++o.high_severe;
+                    } else if ( t > him ) {
+                        ++o.high_mild;
+                    }
+                    ++o.samples_seen;
+                }
+                return o;
+            }
+
+            double mean( double const* first, double const* last ) {
+                auto count = last - first;
+                double sum = 0.;
+                while (first != last) {
+                    sum += *first;
+                    ++first;
+                }
+                return sum / static_cast<double>(count);
+            }
+
+            double normal_cdf( double x ) {
+                return std::erfc( -x / std::sqrt( 2.0 ) ) / 2.0;
+            }
+
+            double erfc_inv(double x) {
+                return erf_inv(1.0 - x);
+            }
+
+            double normal_quantile(double p) {
+                static const double ROOT_TWO = std::sqrt(2.0);
+
+                double result = 0.0;
+                assert(p >= 0 && p <= 1);
+                if (p < 0 || p > 1) {
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                result = -erfc_inv(2.0 * p);
+                // result *= normal distribution standard deviation (1.0) * sqrt(2)
+                result *= /*sd * */ ROOT_TWO;
+                // result += normal disttribution mean (0)
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            Estimate<double>
+            bootstrap( double confidence_level,
+                       double* first,
+                       double* last,
+                       sample const& resample,
+                       double ( *estimator )( double const*, double const* ) ) {
+                auto n_samples = last - first;
+
+                double point = estimator( first, last );
+                // Degenerate case with a single sample
+                if ( n_samples == 1 )
+                    return { point, point, point, confidence_level };
+
+                sample jack = jackknife( estimator, first, last );
+                double jack_mean =
+                    mean( jack.data(), jack.data() + jack.size() );
+                double sum_squares = 0, sum_cubes = 0;
+                for ( double x : jack ) {
+                    auto difference = jack_mean - x;
+                    auto square = difference * difference;
+                    auto cube = square * difference;
+                    sum_squares += square;
+                    sum_cubes += cube;
+                }
+
+                double accel = sum_cubes / ( 6 * std::pow( sum_squares, 1.5 ) );
+                long n = static_cast<long>( resample.size() );
+                double prob_n =
+                    std::count_if( resample.begin(),
+                                   resample.end(),
+                                   [point]( double x ) { return x < point; } ) /
+                    static_cast<double>( n );
+                // degenerate case with uniform samples
+                if ( Catch::Detail::directCompare( prob_n, 0. ) ) {
+                    return { point, point, point, confidence_level };
+                }
+
+                double bias = normal_quantile( prob_n );
+                double z1 = normal_quantile( ( 1. - confidence_level ) / 2. );
+
+                auto cumn = [n]( double x ) -> long {
+                    return std::lround( normal_cdf( x ) *
+                                        static_cast<double>( n ) );
+                };
+                auto a = [bias, accel]( double b ) {
+                    return bias + b / ( 1. - accel * b );
+                };
+                double b1 = bias + z1;
+                double b2 = bias - z1;
+                double a1 = a( b1 );
+                double a2 = a( b2 );
+                auto lo = static_cast<size_t>( (std::max)( cumn( a1 ), 0l ) );
+                auto hi =
+                    static_cast<size_t>( (std::min)( cumn( a2 ), n - 1 ) );
+
+                return { point, resample[lo], resample[hi], confidence_level };
+            }
+
+            bootstrap_analysis analyse_samples(double confidence_level,
+                                               unsigned int n_resamples,
+                                               double* first,
+                                               double* last) {
+                auto mean = &Detail::mean;
+                auto stddev = &standard_deviation;
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
+                auto Estimate = [=](double(*f)(double const*, double const*)) {
+                    std::random_device rd;
+                    auto seed = rd();
+                    return std::async(std::launch::async, [=] {
+                        SimplePcg32 rng( seed );
+                        auto resampled = resample(rng, n_resamples, first, last, f);
+                        return bootstrap(confidence_level, first, last, resampled, f);
+                    });
+                };
+
+                auto mean_future = Estimate(mean);
+                auto stddev_future = Estimate(stddev);
+
+                auto mean_estimate = mean_future.get();
+                auto stddev_estimate = stddev_future.get();
+#else
+                auto Estimate = [=](double(*f)(double const* , double const*)) {
+                    std::random_device rd;
+                    auto seed = rd();
+                    SimplePcg32 rng( seed );
+                    auto resampled = resample(rng, n_resamples, first, last, f);
+                    return bootstrap(confidence_level, first, last, resampled, f);
+                };
+
+                auto mean_estimate = Estimate(mean);
+                auto stddev_estimate = Estimate(stddev);
+#endif // CATCH_USE_ASYNC
+
+                auto n = static_cast<int>(last - first); // seriously, one can't use integral types without hell in C++
+                double outlier_variance = Detail::outlier_variance(mean_estimate, stddev_estimate, n);
+
+                return { mean_estimate, stddev_estimate, outlier_variance };
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace {
+
+// Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
+// But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
+bool marginComparison(double lhs, double rhs, double margin) {
+    return (lhs + margin >= rhs) && (rhs + margin >= lhs);
+}
+
+}
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Approx::Approx ( double value )
+    :   m_epsilon( static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon())*100. ),
+        m_margin( 0.0 ),
+        m_scale( 0.0 ),
+        m_value( value )
+    {}
+
+    Approx Approx::custom() {
+        return Approx( 0 );
+    }
+
+    Approx Approx::operator-() const {
+        auto temp(*this);
+        temp.m_value = -temp.m_value;
+        return temp;
+    }
+
+
+    std::string Approx::toString() const {
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << "Approx( " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_value ) << " )";
+        return rss.str();
+    }
+
+    bool Approx::equalityComparisonImpl(const double other) const {
+        // First try with fixed margin, then compute margin based on epsilon, scale and Approx's value
+        // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining the scaled margin value
+        return marginComparison(m_value, other, m_margin)
+            || marginComparison(m_value, other, m_epsilon * (m_scale + std::fabs(std::isinf(m_value)? 0 : m_value)));
+    }
+
+    void Approx::setMargin(double newMargin) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(newMargin >= 0,
+            "Invalid Approx::margin: " << newMargin << '.'
+            << " Approx::Margin has to be non-negative.");
+        m_margin = newMargin;
+    }
+
+    void Approx::setEpsilon(double newEpsilon) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(newEpsilon >= 0 && newEpsilon <= 1.0,
+            "Invalid Approx::epsilon: " << newEpsilon << '.'
+            << " Approx::epsilon has to be in [0, 1]");
+        m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
+    }
+
+namespace literals {
+    Approx operator ""_a(long double val) {
+        return Approx(val);
+    }
+    Approx operator ""_a(unsigned long long val) {
+        return Approx(val);
+    }
+} // end namespace literals
+
+std::string StringMaker<Catch::Approx>::convert(Catch::Approx const& value) {
+    return value.toString();
+}
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    AssertionResultData::AssertionResultData(ResultWas::OfType _resultType, LazyExpression const& _lazyExpression):
+        lazyExpression(_lazyExpression),
+        resultType(_resultType) {}
+
+    std::string AssertionResultData::reconstructExpression() const {
+
+        if( reconstructedExpression.empty() ) {
+            if( lazyExpression ) {
+                ReusableStringStream rss;
+                rss << lazyExpression;
+                reconstructedExpression = rss.str();
+            }
+        }
+        return reconstructedExpression;
+    }
+
+    AssertionResult::AssertionResult( AssertionInfo const& info, AssertionResultData&& data )
+    :   m_info( info ),
+        m_resultData( CATCH_MOVE(data) )
+    {}
+
+    // Result was a success
+    bool AssertionResult::succeeded() const {
+        return Catch::isOk( m_resultData.resultType );
+    }
+
+    // Result was a success, or failure is suppressed
+    bool AssertionResult::isOk() const {
+        return Catch::isOk( m_resultData.resultType ) || shouldSuppressFailure( m_info.resultDisposition );
+    }
+
+    ResultWas::OfType AssertionResult::getResultType() const {
+        return m_resultData.resultType;
+    }
+
+    bool AssertionResult::hasExpression() const {
+        return !m_info.capturedExpression.empty();
+    }
+
+    bool AssertionResult::hasMessage() const {
+        return !m_resultData.message.empty();
+    }
+
+    std::string AssertionResult::getExpression() const {
+        // Possibly overallocating by 3 characters should be basically free
+        std::string expr; expr.reserve(m_info.capturedExpression.size() + 3);
+        if (isFalseTest(m_info.resultDisposition)) {
+            expr += "!(";
+        }
+        expr += m_info.capturedExpression;
+        if (isFalseTest(m_info.resultDisposition)) {
+            expr += ')';
+        }
+        return expr;
+    }
+
+    std::string AssertionResult::getExpressionInMacro() const {
+        if ( m_info.macroName.empty() ) {
+            return static_cast<std::string>( m_info.capturedExpression );
+        }
+        std::string expr;
+        expr.reserve( m_info.macroName.size() + m_info.capturedExpression.size() + 4 );
+        expr += m_info.macroName;
+        expr += "( ";
+        expr += m_info.capturedExpression;
+        expr += " )";
+        return expr;
+    }
+
+    bool AssertionResult::hasExpandedExpression() const {
+        return hasExpression() && getExpandedExpression() != getExpression();
+    }
+
+    std::string AssertionResult::getExpandedExpression() const {
+        std::string expr = m_resultData.reconstructExpression();
+        return expr.empty()
+                ? getExpression()
+                : expr;
+    }
+
+    StringRef AssertionResult::getMessage() const {
+        return m_resultData.message;
+    }
+    SourceLineInfo AssertionResult::getSourceInfo() const {
+        return m_info.lineInfo;
+    }
+
+    StringRef AssertionResult::getTestMacroName() const {
+        return m_info.macroName;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static bool enableBazelEnvSupport() {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_BAZEL_SUPPORT )
+            return true;
+#else
+            return Detail::getEnv( "BAZEL_TEST" ) != nullptr;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        struct bazelShardingOptions {
+            unsigned int shardIndex, shardCount;
+            std::string shardFilePath;
+        };
+
+        static Optional<bazelShardingOptions> readBazelShardingOptions() {
+            const auto bazelShardIndex = Detail::getEnv( "TEST_SHARD_INDEX" );
+            const auto bazelShardTotal = Detail::getEnv( "TEST_TOTAL_SHARDS" );
+            const auto bazelShardInfoFile = Detail::getEnv( "TEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE" );
+
+
+            const bool has_all =
+                bazelShardIndex && bazelShardTotal && bazelShardInfoFile;
+            if ( !has_all ) {
+                // We provide nice warning message if the input is
+                // misconfigured.
+                auto warn = []( const char* env_var ) {
+                    Catch::cerr()
+                        << "Warning: Bazel shard configuration is missing '"
+                        << env_var << "'. Shard configuration is skipped.\n";
+                };
+                if ( !bazelShardIndex ) {
+                    warn( "TEST_SHARD_INDEX" );
+                }
+                if ( !bazelShardTotal ) {
+                    warn( "TEST_TOTAL_SHARDS" );
+                }
+                if ( !bazelShardInfoFile ) {
+                    warn( "TEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE" );
+                }
+                return {};
+            }
+
+            auto shardIndex = parseUInt( bazelShardIndex );
+            if ( !shardIndex ) {
+                Catch::cerr()
+                    << "Warning: could not parse 'TEST_SHARD_INDEX' ('" << bazelShardIndex
+                    << "') as unsigned int.\n";
+                return {};
+            }
+            auto shardTotal = parseUInt( bazelShardTotal );
+            if ( !shardTotal ) {
+                Catch::cerr()
+                    << "Warning: could not parse 'TEST_TOTAL_SHARD' ('"
+                    << bazelShardTotal << "') as unsigned int.\n";
+                return {};
+            }
+
+            return bazelShardingOptions{
+                *shardIndex, *shardTotal, bazelShardInfoFile };
+
+        }
+    } // end namespace
+
+
+    bool operator==( ProcessedReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                     ProcessedReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+        return lhs.name == rhs.name &&
+               lhs.outputFilename == rhs.outputFilename &&
+               lhs.colourMode == rhs.colourMode &&
+               lhs.customOptions == rhs.customOptions;
+    }
+
+    Config::Config( ConfigData const& data ):
+        m_data( data ) {
+        // We need to trim filter specs to avoid trouble with superfluous
+        // whitespace (esp. important for bdd macros, as those are manually
+        // aligned with whitespace).
+
+        for (auto& elem : m_data.testsOrTags) {
+            elem = trim(elem);
+        }
+        for (auto& elem : m_data.sectionsToRun) {
+            elem = trim(elem);
+        }
+
+        // Insert the default reporter if user hasn't asked for a specific one
+        if ( m_data.reporterSpecifications.empty() ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER )
+            const auto default_spec = CATCH_CONFIG_DEFAULT_REPORTER;
+#else
+            const auto default_spec = "console";
+#endif
+            auto parsed = parseReporterSpec(default_spec);
+            CATCH_ENFORCE( parsed,
+                           "Cannot parse the provided default reporter spec: '"
+                               << default_spec << '\'' );
+            m_data.reporterSpecifications.push_back( std::move( *parsed ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( enableBazelEnvSupport() ) {
+            readBazelEnvVars();
+        }
+
+        // Bazel support can modify the test specs, so parsing has to happen
+        // after reading Bazel env vars.
+        TestSpecParser parser( ITagAliasRegistry::get() );
+        if ( !m_data.testsOrTags.empty() ) {
+            m_hasTestFilters = true;
+            for ( auto const& testOrTags : m_data.testsOrTags ) {
+                parser.parse( testOrTags );
+            }
+        }
+        m_testSpec = parser.testSpec();
+
+
+        // We now fixup the reporter specs to handle default output spec,
+        // default colour spec, etc
+        bool defaultOutputUsed = false;
+        for ( auto const& reporterSpec : m_data.reporterSpecifications ) {
+            // We do the default-output check separately, while always
+            // using the default output below to make the code simpler
+            // and avoid superfluous copies.
+            if ( reporterSpec.outputFile().none() ) {
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( !defaultOutputUsed,
+                               "Internal error: cannot use default output for "
+                               "multiple reporters" );
+                defaultOutputUsed = true;
+            }
+
+            m_processedReporterSpecs.push_back( ProcessedReporterSpec{
+                reporterSpec.name(),
+                reporterSpec.outputFile() ? *reporterSpec.outputFile()
+                                          : data.defaultOutputFilename,
+                reporterSpec.colourMode().valueOr( data.defaultColourMode ),
+                reporterSpec.customOptions() } );
+        }
+    }
+
+    Config::~Config() = default;
+
+
+    bool Config::listTests() const          { return m_data.listTests; }
+    bool Config::listTags() const           { return m_data.listTags; }
+    bool Config::listReporters() const      { return m_data.listReporters; }
+    bool Config::listListeners() const      { return m_data.listListeners; }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> const& Config::getTestsOrTags() const { return m_data.testsOrTags; }
+    std::vector<std::string> const& Config::getSectionsToRun() const { return m_data.sectionsToRun; }
+
+    std::vector<ReporterSpec> const& Config::getReporterSpecs() const {
+        return m_data.reporterSpecifications;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ProcessedReporterSpec> const&
+    Config::getProcessedReporterSpecs() const {
+        return m_processedReporterSpecs;
+    }
+
+    TestSpec const& Config::testSpec() const { return m_testSpec; }
+    bool Config::hasTestFilters() const { return m_hasTestFilters; }
+
+    bool Config::showHelp() const { return m_data.showHelp; }
+
+    // IConfig interface
+    bool Config::allowThrows() const                   { return !m_data.noThrow; }
+    StringRef Config::name() const { return m_data.name.empty() ? m_data.processName : m_data.name; }
+    bool Config::includeSuccessfulResults() const      { return m_data.showSuccessfulTests; }
+    bool Config::warnAboutMissingAssertions() const {
+        return !!( m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::NoAssertions );
+    }
+    bool Config::warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() const {
+        return !!( m_data.warnings & WarnAbout::UnmatchedTestSpec );
+    }
+    bool Config::zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() const       { return m_data.allowZeroTests; }
+    ShowDurations Config::showDurations() const        { return m_data.showDurations; }
+    double Config::minDuration() const                 { return m_data.minDuration; }
+    TestRunOrder Config::runOrder() const              { return m_data.runOrder; }
+    uint32_t Config::rngSeed() const                   { return m_data.rngSeed; }
+    unsigned int Config::shardCount() const            { return m_data.shardCount; }
+    unsigned int Config::shardIndex() const            { return m_data.shardIndex; }
+    ColourMode Config::defaultColourMode() const       { return m_data.defaultColourMode; }
+    bool Config::shouldDebugBreak() const              { return m_data.shouldDebugBreak; }
+    int Config::abortAfter() const                     { return m_data.abortAfter; }
+    bool Config::showInvisibles() const                { return m_data.showInvisibles; }
+    Verbosity Config::verbosity() const                { return m_data.verbosity; }
+
+    bool Config::skipBenchmarks() const                           { return m_data.skipBenchmarks; }
+    bool Config::benchmarkNoAnalysis() const                      { return m_data.benchmarkNoAnalysis; }
+    unsigned int Config::benchmarkSamples() const                 { return m_data.benchmarkSamples; }
+    double Config::benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const            { return m_data.benchmarkConfidenceInterval; }
+    unsigned int Config::benchmarkResamples() const               { return m_data.benchmarkResamples; }
+    std::chrono::milliseconds Config::benchmarkWarmupTime() const { return std::chrono::milliseconds(m_data.benchmarkWarmupTime); }
+
+    void Config::readBazelEnvVars() {
+        // Register a JUnit reporter for Bazel. Bazel sets an environment
+        // variable with the path to XML output. If this file is written to
+        // during test, Bazel will not generate a default XML output.
+        // This allows the XML output file to contain higher level of detail
+        // than what is possible otherwise.
+        const auto bazelOutputFile = Detail::getEnv( "XML_OUTPUT_FILE" );
+
+        if ( bazelOutputFile ) {
+            m_data.reporterSpecifications.push_back(
+                { "junit", std::string( bazelOutputFile ), {}, {} } );
+        }
+
+        const auto bazelTestSpec = Detail::getEnv( "TESTBRIDGE_TEST_ONLY" );
+        if ( bazelTestSpec ) {
+            // Presumably the test spec from environment should overwrite
+            // the one we got from CLI (if we got any)
+            m_data.testsOrTags.clear();
+            m_data.testsOrTags.push_back( bazelTestSpec );
+        }
+
+        const auto bazelShardOptions = readBazelShardingOptions();
+        if ( bazelShardOptions ) {
+            std::ofstream f( bazelShardOptions->shardFilePath,
+                             std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::trunc );
+            if ( f.is_open() ) {
+                f << "";
+                m_data.shardIndex = bazelShardOptions->shardIndex;
+                m_data.shardCount = bazelShardOptions->shardCount;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    std::uint32_t getSeed() {
+        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->rngSeed();
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stack>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+    ScopedMessage::ScopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ):
+        m_info( CATCH_MOVE(builder.m_info) ) {
+        m_info.message = builder.m_stream.str();
+        getResultCapture().pushScopedMessage( m_info );
+    }
+
+    ScopedMessage::ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage&& old ) noexcept:
+        m_info( CATCH_MOVE( old.m_info ) ) {
+        old.m_moved = true;
+    }
+
+    ScopedMessage::~ScopedMessage() {
+        if ( !uncaught_exceptions() && !m_moved ){
+            getResultCapture().popScopedMessage(m_info);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    Capturer::Capturer( StringRef macroName,
+                        SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                        ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                        StringRef names ):
+        m_resultCapture( getResultCapture() ) {
+        auto trimmed = [&] (size_t start, size_t end) {
+            while (names[start] == ',' || isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(names[start]))) {
+                ++start;
+            }
+            while (names[end] == ',' || isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(names[end]))) {
+                --end;
+            }
+            return names.substr(start, end - start + 1);
+        };
+        auto skipq = [&] (size_t start, char quote) {
+            for (auto i = start + 1; i < names.size() ; ++i) {
+                if (names[i] == quote)
+                    return i;
+                if (names[i] == '\\')
+                    ++i;
+            }
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("CAPTURE parsing encountered unmatched quote");
+        };
+
+        size_t start = 0;
+        std::stack<char> openings;
+        for (size_t pos = 0; pos < names.size(); ++pos) {
+            char c = names[pos];
+            switch (c) {
+            case '[':
+            case '{':
+            case '(':
+            // It is basically impossible to disambiguate between
+            // comparison and start of template args in this context
+//            case '<':
+                openings.push(c);
+                break;
+            case ']':
+            case '}':
+            case ')':
+//           case '>':
+                openings.pop();
+                break;
+            case '"':
+            case '\'':
+                pos = skipq(pos, c);
+                break;
+            case ',':
+                if (start != pos && openings.empty()) {
+                    m_messages.emplace_back(macroName, lineInfo, resultType);
+                    m_messages.back().message = static_cast<std::string>(trimmed(start, pos));
+                    m_messages.back().message += " := ";
+                    start = pos;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:; // noop
+            }
+        }
+        assert(openings.empty() && "Mismatched openings");
+        m_messages.emplace_back(macroName, lineInfo, resultType);
+        m_messages.back().message = static_cast<std::string>(trimmed(start, names.size() - 1));
+        m_messages.back().message += " := ";
+    }
+    Capturer::~Capturer() {
+        if ( !uncaught_exceptions() ){
+            assert( m_captured == m_messages.size() );
+            for( size_t i = 0; i < m_captured; ++i  )
+                m_resultCapture.popScopedMessage( m_messages[i] );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Capturer::captureValue( size_t index, std::string const& value ) {
+        assert( index < m_messages.size() );
+        m_messages[index].message += value;
+        m_resultCapture.pushScopedMessage( m_messages[index] );
+        m_captured++;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+
+        class RegistryHub : public IRegistryHub,
+                            public IMutableRegistryHub,
+                            private Detail::NonCopyable {
+
+        public: // IRegistryHub
+            RegistryHub() = default;
+            ReporterRegistry const& getReporterRegistry() const override {
+                return m_reporterRegistry;
+            }
+            ITestCaseRegistry const& getTestCaseRegistry() const override {
+                return m_testCaseRegistry;
+            }
+            IExceptionTranslatorRegistry const& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() const override {
+                return m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+            }
+            ITagAliasRegistry const& getTagAliasRegistry() const override {
+                return m_tagAliasRegistry;
+            }
+            StartupExceptionRegistry const& getStartupExceptionRegistry() const override {
+                return m_exceptionRegistry;
+            }
+
+        public: // IMutableRegistryHub
+            void registerReporter( std::string const& name, IReporterFactoryPtr factory ) override {
+                m_reporterRegistry.registerReporter( name, CATCH_MOVE(factory) );
+            }
+            void registerListener( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory ) override {
+                m_reporterRegistry.registerListener( CATCH_MOVE(factory) );
+            }
+            void registerTest( Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>&& testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker>&& invoker ) override {
+                m_testCaseRegistry.registerTest( CATCH_MOVE(testInfo), CATCH_MOVE(invoker) );
+            }
+            void registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) override {
+                m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry.registerTranslator( CATCH_MOVE(translator) );
+            }
+            void registerTagAlias( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) override {
+                m_tagAliasRegistry.add( alias, tag, lineInfo );
+            }
+            void registerStartupException() noexcept override {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+                m_exceptionRegistry.add(std::current_exception());
+#else
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Attempted to register active exception under CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS!");
+#endif
+            }
+            IMutableEnumValuesRegistry& getMutableEnumValuesRegistry() override {
+                return m_enumValuesRegistry;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            TestRegistry m_testCaseRegistry;
+            ReporterRegistry m_reporterRegistry;
+            ExceptionTranslatorRegistry m_exceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+            TagAliasRegistry m_tagAliasRegistry;
+            StartupExceptionRegistry m_exceptionRegistry;
+            Detail::EnumValuesRegistry m_enumValuesRegistry;
+        };
+    }
+
+    using RegistryHubSingleton = Singleton<RegistryHub, IRegistryHub, IMutableRegistryHub>;
+
+    IRegistryHub const& getRegistryHub() {
+        return RegistryHubSingleton::get();
+    }
+    IMutableRegistryHub& getMutableRegistryHub() {
+        return RegistryHubSingleton::getMutable();
+    }
+    void cleanUp() {
+        cleanupSingletons();
+        cleanUpContext();
+    }
+    std::string translateActiveException() {
+        return getRegistryHub().getExceptionTranslatorRegistry().translateActiveException();
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <exception>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static constexpr int TestFailureExitCode = 42;
+        static constexpr int UnspecifiedErrorExitCode = 1;
+        static constexpr int AllTestsSkippedExitCode = 4;
+        static constexpr int NoTestsRunExitCode = 2;
+        static constexpr int UnmatchedTestSpecExitCode = 3;
+        static constexpr int InvalidTestSpecExitCode = 5;
+
+
+        IEventListenerPtr createReporter(std::string const& reporterName, ReporterConfig&& config) {
+            auto reporter = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().create(reporterName, CATCH_MOVE(config));
+            CATCH_ENFORCE(reporter, "No reporter registered with name: '" << reporterName << '\'');
+
+            return reporter;
+        }
+
+        IEventListenerPtr prepareReporters(Config const* config) {
+            if (Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners().empty()
+                    && config->getProcessedReporterSpecs().size() == 1) {
+                auto const& spec = config->getProcessedReporterSpecs()[0];
+                return createReporter(
+                    spec.name,
+                    ReporterConfig( config,
+                                    makeStream( spec.outputFilename ),
+                                    spec.colourMode,
+                                    spec.customOptions ) );
+            }
+
+            auto multi = Detail::make_unique<MultiReporter>(config);
+
+            auto const& listeners = Catch::getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners();
+            for (auto const& listener : listeners) {
+                multi->addListener(listener->create(config));
+            }
+
+            for ( auto const& reporterSpec : config->getProcessedReporterSpecs() ) {
+                multi->addReporter( createReporter(
+                    reporterSpec.name,
+                    ReporterConfig( config,
+                                    makeStream( reporterSpec.outputFilename ),
+                                    reporterSpec.colourMode,
+                                    reporterSpec.customOptions ) ) );
+            }
+
+            return multi;
+        }
+
+        class TestGroup {
+        public:
+            explicit TestGroup(IEventListenerPtr&& reporter, Config const* config):
+                m_reporter(reporter.get()),
+                m_config{config},
+                m_context{config, CATCH_MOVE(reporter)} {
+
+                assert( m_config->testSpec().getInvalidSpecs().empty() &&
+                        "Invalid test specs should be handled before running tests" );
+
+                auto const& allTestCases = getAllTestCasesSorted(*m_config);
+                auto const& testSpec = m_config->testSpec();
+                if ( !testSpec.hasFilters() ) {
+                    for ( auto const& test : allTestCases ) {
+                        if ( !test.getTestCaseInfo().isHidden() ) {
+                            m_tests.emplace( &test );
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    m_matches =
+                        testSpec.matchesByFilter( allTestCases, *m_config );
+                    for ( auto const& match : m_matches ) {
+                        m_tests.insert( match.tests.begin(),
+                                        match.tests.end() );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                m_tests = createShard(m_tests, m_config->shardCount(), m_config->shardIndex());
+            }
+
+            Totals execute() {
+                Totals totals;
+                for (auto const& testCase : m_tests) {
+                    if (!m_context.aborting())
+                        totals += m_context.runTest(*testCase);
+                    else
+                        m_reporter->skipTest(testCase->getTestCaseInfo());
+                }
+
+                for (auto const& match : m_matches) {
+                    if (match.tests.empty()) {
+                        m_unmatchedTestSpecs = true;
+                        m_reporter->noMatchingTestCases( match.name );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return totals;
+            }
+
+            bool hadUnmatchedTestSpecs() const {
+                return m_unmatchedTestSpecs;
+            }
+
+
+        private:
+            IEventListener* m_reporter;
+            Config const* m_config;
+            RunContext m_context;
+            std::set<TestCaseHandle const*> m_tests;
+            TestSpec::Matches m_matches;
+            bool m_unmatchedTestSpecs = false;
+        };
+
+        void applyFilenamesAsTags() {
+            for (auto const& testInfo : getRegistryHub().getTestCaseRegistry().getAllInfos()) {
+                testInfo->addFilenameTag();
+            }
+        }
+
+    } // anon namespace
+
+    Session::Session() {
+        static bool alreadyInstantiated = false;
+        if( alreadyInstantiated ) {
+            CATCH_TRY { CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Only one instance of Catch::Session can ever be used" ); }
+            CATCH_CATCH_ALL { getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException(); }
+        }
+
+        // There cannot be exceptions at startup in no-exception mode.
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+        const auto& exceptions = getRegistryHub().getStartupExceptionRegistry().getExceptions();
+        if ( !exceptions.empty() ) {
+            config();
+            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config.get());
+
+            m_startupExceptions = true;
+            auto errStream = makeStream( "%stderr" );
+            auto colourImpl = makeColourImpl(
+                ColourMode::PlatformDefault, errStream.get() );
+            auto guard = colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::Red );
+            errStream->stream() << "Errors occurred during startup!" << '\n';
+            // iterate over all exceptions and notify user
+            for ( const auto& ex_ptr : exceptions ) {
+                try {
+                    std::rethrow_exception(ex_ptr);
+                } catch ( std::exception const& ex ) {
+                    errStream->stream() << TextFlow::Column( ex.what() ).indent(2) << '\n';
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        alreadyInstantiated = true;
+        m_cli = makeCommandLineParser( m_configData );
+    }
+    Session::~Session() {
+        Catch::cleanUp();
+    }
+
+    void Session::showHelp() const {
+        Catch::cout()
+                << "\nCatch2 v" << libraryVersion() << '\n'
+                << m_cli << '\n'
+                << "For more detailed usage please see the project docs\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+    void Session::libIdentify() {
+        Catch::cout()
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "description: " << "A Catch2 test executable\n"
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "category: " << "testframework\n"
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "framework: " << "Catch2\n"
+                << std::left << std::setw(16) << "version: " << libraryVersion() << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    int Session::applyCommandLine( int argc, char const * const * argv ) {
+        if ( m_startupExceptions ) { return UnspecifiedErrorExitCode; }
+
+        auto result = m_cli.parse( Clara::Args( argc, argv ) );
+
+        if( !result ) {
+            config();
+            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config.get());
+            auto errStream = makeStream( "%stderr" );
+            auto colour = makeColourImpl( ColourMode::PlatformDefault, errStream.get() );
+
+            errStream->stream()
+                << colour->guardColour( Colour::Red )
+                << "\nError(s) in input:\n"
+                << TextFlow::Column( result.errorMessage() ).indent( 2 )
+                << "\n\n";
+            errStream->stream() << "Run with -? for usage\n\n" << std::flush;
+            return UnspecifiedErrorExitCode;
+        }
+
+        if( m_configData.showHelp )
+            showHelp();
+        if( m_configData.libIdentify )
+            libIdentify();
+
+        m_config.reset();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(_WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
+    int Session::applyCommandLine( int argc, wchar_t const * const * argv ) {
+
+        char **utf8Argv = new char *[ argc ];
+
+        for ( int i = 0; i < argc; ++i ) {
+            int bufSize = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr );
+
+            utf8Argv[ i ] = new char[ bufSize ];
+
+            WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, argv[i], -1, utf8Argv[i], bufSize, nullptr, nullptr );
+        }
+
+        int returnCode = applyCommandLine( argc, utf8Argv );
+
+        for ( int i = 0; i < argc; ++i )
+            delete [] utf8Argv[ i ];
+
+        delete [] utf8Argv;
+
+        return returnCode;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Session::useConfigData( ConfigData const& configData ) {
+        m_configData = configData;
+        m_config.reset();
+    }
+
+    int Session::run() {
+        if( ( m_configData.waitForKeypress & WaitForKeypress::BeforeStart ) != 0 ) {
+            Catch::cout() << "...waiting for enter/ return before starting\n" << std::flush;
+            static_cast<void>(std::getchar());
+        }
+        int exitCode = runInternal();
+        if( ( m_configData.waitForKeypress & WaitForKeypress::BeforeExit ) != 0 ) {
+            Catch::cout() << "...waiting for enter/ return before exiting, with code: " << exitCode << '\n' << std::flush;
+            static_cast<void>(std::getchar());
+        }
+        return exitCode;
+    }
+
+    Clara::Parser const& Session::cli() const {
+        return m_cli;
+    }
+    void Session::cli( Clara::Parser const& newParser ) {
+        m_cli = newParser;
+    }
+    ConfigData& Session::configData() {
+        return m_configData;
+    }
+    Config& Session::config() {
+        if( !m_config )
+            m_config = Detail::make_unique<Config>( m_configData );
+        return *m_config;
+    }
+
+    int Session::runInternal() {
+        if ( m_startupExceptions ) { return UnspecifiedErrorExitCode; }
+
+        if (m_configData.showHelp || m_configData.libIdentify) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        if ( m_configData.shardIndex >= m_configData.shardCount ) {
+            Catch::cerr() << "The shard count (" << m_configData.shardCount
+                          << ") must be greater than the shard index ("
+                          << m_configData.shardIndex << ")\n"
+                          << std::flush;
+            return UnspecifiedErrorExitCode;
+        }
+
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            config(); // Force config to be constructed
+
+            seedRng( *m_config );
+
+            if (m_configData.filenamesAsTags) {
+                applyFilenamesAsTags();
+            }
+
+            // Set up global config instance before we start calling into other functions
+            getCurrentMutableContext().setConfig(m_config.get());
+
+            // Create reporter(s) so we can route listings through them
+            auto reporter = prepareReporters(m_config.get());
+
+            auto const& invalidSpecs = m_config->testSpec().getInvalidSpecs();
+            if ( !invalidSpecs.empty() ) {
+                for ( auto const& spec : invalidSpecs ) {
+                    reporter->reportInvalidTestSpec( spec );
+                }
+                return InvalidTestSpecExitCode;
+            }
+
+
+            // Handle list request
+            if (list(*reporter, *m_config)) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            TestGroup tests { CATCH_MOVE(reporter), m_config.get() };
+            auto const totals = tests.execute();
+
+            if ( tests.hadUnmatchedTestSpecs()
+                && m_config->warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() ) {
+                // UnmatchedTestSpecExitCode
+                return UnmatchedTestSpecExitCode;
+            }
+
+            if ( totals.testCases.total() == 0
+                && !m_config->zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() ) {
+                return NoTestsRunExitCode;
+            }
+
+            if ( totals.testCases.total() > 0 &&
+                 totals.testCases.total() == totals.testCases.skipped
+                && !m_config->zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() ) {
+                return AllTestsSkippedExitCode;
+            }
+
+            if ( totals.assertions.failed ) { return TestFailureExitCode; }
+            return 0;
+
+        }
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+        catch( std::exception& ex ) {
+            Catch::cerr() << ex.what() << '\n' << std::flush;
+            return UnspecifiedErrorExitCode;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    RegistrarForTagAliases::RegistrarForTagAliases(char const* alias, char const* tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo) {
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerTagAlias(alias, tag, lineInfo);
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead register the exception to be processed later
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        using TCP_underlying_type = uint8_t;
+        static_assert(sizeof(TestCaseProperties) == sizeof(TCP_underlying_type),
+                      "The size of the TestCaseProperties is different from the assumed size");
+
+        constexpr TestCaseProperties operator|(TestCaseProperties lhs, TestCaseProperties rhs) {
+            return static_cast<TestCaseProperties>(
+                static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(lhs) | static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(rhs)
+            );
+        }
+
+        constexpr TestCaseProperties& operator|=(TestCaseProperties& lhs, TestCaseProperties rhs) {
+            lhs = static_cast<TestCaseProperties>(
+                static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(lhs) | static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(rhs)
+            );
+            return lhs;
+        }
+
+        constexpr TestCaseProperties operator&(TestCaseProperties lhs, TestCaseProperties rhs) {
+            return static_cast<TestCaseProperties>(
+                static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(lhs) & static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(rhs)
+            );
+        }
+
+        constexpr bool applies(TestCaseProperties tcp) {
+            static_assert(static_cast<TCP_underlying_type>(TestCaseProperties::None) == 0,
+                          "TestCaseProperties::None must be equal to 0");
+            return tcp != TestCaseProperties::None;
+        }
+
+        TestCaseProperties parseSpecialTag( StringRef tag ) {
+            if( !tag.empty() && tag[0] == '.' )
+                return TestCaseProperties::IsHidden;
+            else if( tag == "!throws"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::Throws;
+            else if( tag == "!shouldfail"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::ShouldFail;
+            else if( tag == "!mayfail"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::MayFail;
+            else if( tag == "!nonportable"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::NonPortable;
+            else if( tag == "!benchmark"_sr )
+                return TestCaseProperties::Benchmark | TestCaseProperties::IsHidden;
+            else
+                return TestCaseProperties::None;
+        }
+        bool isReservedTag( StringRef tag ) {
+            return parseSpecialTag( tag ) == TestCaseProperties::None
+                && tag.size() > 0
+                && !std::isalnum( static_cast<unsigned char>(tag[0]) );
+        }
+        void enforceNotReservedTag( StringRef tag, SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo ) {
+            CATCH_ENFORCE( !isReservedTag(tag),
+                          "Tag name: [" << tag << "] is not allowed.\n"
+                          << "Tag names starting with non alphanumeric characters are reserved\n"
+                          << _lineInfo );
+        }
+
+        std::string makeDefaultName() {
+            static size_t counter = 0;
+            return "Anonymous test case " + std::to_string(++counter);
+        }
+
+        constexpr StringRef extractFilenamePart(StringRef filename) {
+            size_t lastDot = filename.size();
+            while (lastDot > 0 && filename[lastDot - 1] != '.') {
+                --lastDot;
+            }
+            // In theory we could have filename without any extension in it
+            if ( lastDot == 0 ) { return StringRef(); }
+
+            --lastDot;
+            size_t nameStart = lastDot;
+            while (nameStart > 0 && filename[nameStart - 1] != '/' && filename[nameStart - 1] != '\\') {
+                --nameStart;
+            }
+
+            return filename.substr(nameStart, lastDot - nameStart);
+        }
+
+        // Returns the upper bound on size of extra tags ([#file]+[.])
+        constexpr size_t sizeOfExtraTags(StringRef filepath) {
+            // [.] is 3, [#] is another 3
+            const size_t extras = 3 + 3;
+            return extractFilenamePart(filepath).size() + extras;
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    bool operator<(  Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs ) {
+        Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess cmp;
+        return cmp( lhs.original, rhs.original );
+    }
+    bool operator==( Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs ) {
+        Detail::CaseInsensitiveEqualTo cmp;
+        return cmp( lhs.original, rhs.original );
+    }
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>
+        makeTestCaseInfo(StringRef _className,
+                         NameAndTags const& nameAndTags,
+                         SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo ) {
+        return Detail::make_unique<TestCaseInfo>(_className, nameAndTags, _lineInfo);
+    }
+
+    TestCaseInfo::TestCaseInfo(StringRef _className,
+                               NameAndTags const& _nameAndTags,
+                               SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo):
+        name( _nameAndTags.name.empty() ? makeDefaultName() : _nameAndTags.name ),
+        className( _className ),
+        lineInfo( _lineInfo )
+    {
+        StringRef originalTags = _nameAndTags.tags;
+        // We need to reserve enough space to store all of the tags
+        // (including optional hidden tag and filename tag)
+        auto requiredSize = originalTags.size() + sizeOfExtraTags(_lineInfo.file);
+        backingTags.reserve(requiredSize);
+
+        // We cannot copy the tags directly, as we need to normalize
+        // some tags, so that [.foo] is copied as [.][foo].
+        size_t tagStart = 0;
+        size_t tagEnd = 0;
+        bool inTag = false;
+        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < originalTags.size(); ++idx) {
+            auto c = originalTags[idx];
+            if (c == '[') {
+                CATCH_ENFORCE(
+                    !inTag,
+                    "Found '[' inside a tag while registering test case '"
+                        << _nameAndTags.name << "' at " << _lineInfo );
+
+                inTag = true;
+                tagStart = idx;
+            }
+            if (c == ']') {
+                CATCH_ENFORCE(
+                    inTag,
+                    "Found unmatched ']' while registering test case '"
+                        << _nameAndTags.name << "' at " << _lineInfo );
+
+                inTag = false;
+                tagEnd = idx;
+                assert(tagStart < tagEnd);
+
+                // We need to check the tag for special meanings, copy
+                // it over to backing storage and actually reference the
+                // backing storage in the saved tags
+                StringRef tagStr = originalTags.substr(tagStart+1, tagEnd - tagStart - 1);
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( !tagStr.empty(),
+                               "Found an empty tag while registering test case '"
+                                   << _nameAndTags.name << "' at "
+                                   << _lineInfo );
+
+                enforceNotReservedTag(tagStr, lineInfo);
+                properties |= parseSpecialTag(tagStr);
+                // When copying a tag to the backing storage, we need to
+                // check if it is a merged hide tag, such as [.foo], and
+                // if it is, we need to handle it as if it was [foo].
+                if (tagStr.size() > 1 && tagStr[0] == '.') {
+                    tagStr = tagStr.substr(1, tagStr.size() - 1);
+                }
+                // We skip over dealing with the [.] tag, as we will add
+                // it later unconditionally and then sort and unique all
+                // the tags.
+                internalAppendTag(tagStr);
+            }
+        }
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( !inTag,
+                       "Found an unclosed tag while registering test case '"
+                           << _nameAndTags.name << "' at " << _lineInfo );
+
+
+        // Add [.] if relevant
+        if (isHidden()) {
+            internalAppendTag("."_sr);
+        }
+
+        // Sort and prepare tags
+        std::sort(begin(tags), end(tags));
+        tags.erase(std::unique(begin(tags), end(tags)),
+                   end(tags));
+    }
+
+    bool TestCaseInfo::isHidden() const {
+        return applies( properties & TestCaseProperties::IsHidden );
+    }
+    bool TestCaseInfo::throws() const {
+        return applies( properties & TestCaseProperties::Throws );
+    }
+    bool TestCaseInfo::okToFail() const {
+        return applies( properties & (TestCaseProperties::ShouldFail | TestCaseProperties::MayFail ) );
+    }
+    bool TestCaseInfo::expectedToFail() const {
+        return applies( properties & (TestCaseProperties::ShouldFail) );
+    }
+
+    void TestCaseInfo::addFilenameTag() {
+        std::string combined("#");
+        combined += extractFilenamePart(lineInfo.file);
+        internalAppendTag(combined);
+    }
+
+    std::string TestCaseInfo::tagsAsString() const {
+        std::string ret;
+        // '[' and ']' per tag
+        std::size_t full_size = 2 * tags.size();
+        for (const auto& tag : tags) {
+            full_size += tag.original.size();
+        }
+        ret.reserve(full_size);
+        for (const auto& tag : tags) {
+            ret.push_back('[');
+            ret += tag.original;
+            ret.push_back(']');
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void TestCaseInfo::internalAppendTag(StringRef tagStr) {
+        backingTags += '[';
+        const auto backingStart = backingTags.size();
+        backingTags += tagStr;
+        const auto backingEnd = backingTags.size();
+        backingTags += ']';
+        tags.emplace_back(StringRef(backingTags.c_str() + backingStart, backingEnd - backingStart));
+    }
+
+    bool operator<( TestCaseInfo const& lhs, TestCaseInfo const& rhs ) {
+        // We want to avoid redoing the string comparisons multiple times,
+        // so we store the result of a three-way comparison before using
+        // it in the actual comparison logic.
+        const auto cmpName = lhs.name.compare( rhs.name );
+        if ( cmpName != 0 ) {
+            return cmpName < 0;
+        }
+        const auto cmpClassName = lhs.className.compare( rhs.className );
+        if ( cmpClassName != 0 ) {
+            return cmpClassName < 0;
+        }
+        return lhs.tags < rhs.tags;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    TestSpec::Pattern::Pattern( std::string const& name )
+    : m_name( name )
+    {}
+
+    TestSpec::Pattern::~Pattern() = default;
+
+    std::string const& TestSpec::Pattern::name() const {
+        return m_name;
+    }
+
+
+    TestSpec::NamePattern::NamePattern( std::string const& name, std::string const& filterString )
+    : Pattern( filterString )
+    , m_wildcardPattern( toLower( name ), CaseSensitive::No )
+    {}
+
+    bool TestSpec::NamePattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        return m_wildcardPattern.matches( testCase.name );
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::NamePattern::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        out << '"' << name() << '"';
+    }
+
+
+    TestSpec::TagPattern::TagPattern( std::string const& tag, std::string const& filterString )
+    : Pattern( filterString )
+    , m_tag( tag )
+    {}
+
+    bool TestSpec::TagPattern::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        return std::find( begin( testCase.tags ),
+                          end( testCase.tags ),
+                          Tag( m_tag ) ) != end( testCase.tags );
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::TagPattern::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        out << name();
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpec::Filter::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        bool should_use = !testCase.isHidden();
+        for (auto const& pattern : m_required) {
+            should_use = true;
+            if (!pattern->matches(testCase)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        for (auto const& pattern : m_forbidden) {
+            if (pattern->matches(testCase)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return should_use;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::Filter::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        bool first = true;
+        for ( auto const& pattern : m_required ) {
+            if ( !first ) {
+                out << ' ';
+            }
+            out << *pattern;
+            first = false;
+        }
+        for ( auto const& pattern : m_forbidden ) {
+            if ( !first ) {
+                out << ' ';
+            }
+            out << *pattern;
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    std::string TestSpec::extractFilterName( Filter const& filter ) {
+        Catch::ReusableStringStream sstr;
+        sstr << filter;
+        return sstr.str();
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpec::hasFilters() const {
+        return !m_filters.empty();
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpec::matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const {
+        return std::any_of( m_filters.begin(), m_filters.end(), [&]( Filter const& f ){ return f.matches( testCase ); } );
+    }
+
+    TestSpec::Matches TestSpec::matchesByFilter( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, IConfig const& config ) const {
+        Matches matches;
+        matches.reserve( m_filters.size() );
+        for ( auto const& filter : m_filters ) {
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle const*> currentMatches;
+            for ( auto const& test : testCases )
+                if ( isThrowSafe( test, config ) &&
+                     filter.matches( test.getTestCaseInfo() ) )
+                    currentMatches.emplace_back( &test );
+            matches.push_back(
+                FilterMatch{ extractFilterName( filter ), currentMatches } );
+        }
+        return matches;
+    }
+
+    const TestSpec::vectorStrings& TestSpec::getInvalidSpecs() const {
+        return m_invalidSpecs;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpec::serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const {
+        bool first = true;
+        for ( auto const& filter : m_filters ) {
+            if ( !first ) {
+                out << ',';
+            }
+            out << filter;
+            first = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static auto getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch() -> uint64_t {
+            return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    void Timer::start() {
+       m_nanoseconds = getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch();
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> uint64_t {
+        return getCurrentNanosecondsSinceEpoch() - m_nanoseconds;
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> uint64_t {
+        return getElapsedNanoseconds()/1000;
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedMilliseconds() const -> unsigned int {
+        return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedMicroseconds()/1000);
+    }
+    auto Timer::getElapsedSeconds() const -> double {
+        return getElapsedMicroseconds()/1000000.0;
+    }
+
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace Detail {
+
+    namespace {
+        const int hexThreshold = 255;
+
+        struct Endianness {
+            enum Arch { Big, Little };
+
+            static Arch which() {
+                int one = 1;
+                // If the lowest byte we read is non-zero, we can assume
+                // that little endian format is used.
+                auto value = *reinterpret_cast<char*>(&one);
+                return value ? Little : Big;
+            }
+        };
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::string fpToString(T value, int precision) {
+            if (Catch::isnan(value)) {
+                return "nan";
+            }
+
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << std::setprecision(precision)
+                << std::fixed
+                << value;
+            std::string d = rss.str();
+            std::size_t i = d.find_last_not_of('0');
+            if (i != std::string::npos && i != d.size() - 1) {
+                if (d[i] == '.')
+                    i++;
+                d = d.substr(0, i + 1);
+            }
+            return d;
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    std::string convertIntoString(StringRef string, bool escapeInvisibles) {
+        std::string ret;
+        // This is enough for the "don't escape invisibles" case, and a good
+        // lower bound on the "escape invisibles" case.
+        ret.reserve(string.size() + 2);
+
+        if (!escapeInvisibles) {
+            ret += '"';
+            ret += string;
+            ret += '"';
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        ret += '"';
+        for (char c : string) {
+            switch (c) {
+            case '\r':
+                ret.append("\\r");
+                break;
+            case '\n':
+                ret.append("\\n");
+                break;
+            case '\t':
+                ret.append("\\t");
+                break;
+            case '\f':
+                ret.append("\\f");
+                break;
+            default:
+                ret.push_back(c);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        ret += '"';
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    std::string convertIntoString(StringRef string) {
+        return convertIntoString(string, getCurrentContext().getConfig()->showInvisibles());
+    }
+
+    std::string rawMemoryToString( const void *object, std::size_t size ) {
+        // Reverse order for little endian architectures
+        int i = 0, end = static_cast<int>( size ), inc = 1;
+        if( Endianness::which() == Endianness::Little ) {
+            i = end-1;
+            end = inc = -1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned char const *bytes = static_cast<unsigned char const *>(object);
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+        for( ; i != end; i += inc )
+             rss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
+       return rss.str();
+    }
+} // end Detail namespace
+
+
+
+//// ======================================================= ////
+//
+//   Out-of-line defs for full specialization of StringMaker
+//
+//// ======================================================= ////
+
+std::string StringMaker<std::string>::convert(const std::string& str) {
+    return Detail::convertIntoString( str );
+}
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+std::string StringMaker<std::string_view>::convert(std::string_view str) {
+    return Detail::convertIntoString( StringRef( str.data(), str.size() ) );
+}
+#endif
+
+std::string StringMaker<char const*>::convert(char const* str) {
+    if (str) {
+        return Detail::convertIntoString( str );
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+std::string StringMaker<char*>::convert(char* str) { // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
+    if (str) {
+        return Detail::convertIntoString( str );
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
+std::string StringMaker<std::wstring>::convert(const std::wstring& wstr) {
+    std::string s;
+    s.reserve(wstr.size());
+    for (auto c : wstr) {
+        s += (c <= 0xff) ? static_cast<char>(c) : '?';
+    }
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(s);
+}
+
+# ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+std::string StringMaker<std::wstring_view>::convert(std::wstring_view str) {
+    return StringMaker<std::wstring>::convert(std::wstring(str));
+}
+# endif
+
+std::string StringMaker<wchar_t const*>::convert(wchar_t const * str) {
+    if (str) {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::wstring{ str });
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+std::string StringMaker<wchar_t *>::convert(wchar_t * str) {
+    if (str) {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::wstring{ str });
+    } else {
+        return{ "{null string}" };
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+#include <cstddef>
+std::string StringMaker<std::byte>::convert(std::byte value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::to_integer<unsigned long long>(value));
+}
+#endif // defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+
+std::string StringMaker<int>::convert(int value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<long>::convert(long value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<long long>::convert(long long value) {
+    ReusableStringStream rss;
+    rss << value;
+    if (value > Detail::hexThreshold) {
+        rss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
+    }
+    return rss.str();
+}
+
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned int>::convert(unsigned int value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<unsigned long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned long>::convert(unsigned long value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<unsigned long long>(value));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned long long>::convert(unsigned long long value) {
+    ReusableStringStream rss;
+    rss << value;
+    if (value > Detail::hexThreshold) {
+        rss << " (0x" << std::hex << value << ')';
+    }
+    return rss.str();
+}
+
+std::string StringMaker<signed char>::convert(signed char value) {
+    if (value == '\r') {
+        return "'\\r'";
+    } else if (value == '\f') {
+        return "'\\f'";
+    } else if (value == '\n') {
+        return "'\\n'";
+    } else if (value == '\t') {
+        return "'\\t'";
+    } else if ('\0' <= value && value < ' ') {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<unsigned int>(value));
+    } else {
+        char chstr[] = "' '";
+        chstr[1] = value;
+        return chstr;
+    }
+}
+std::string StringMaker<char>::convert(char c) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<signed char>(c));
+}
+std::string StringMaker<unsigned char>::convert(unsigned char value) {
+    return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<char>(value));
+}
+
+int StringMaker<float>::precision = std::numeric_limits<float>::max_digits10;
+
+std::string StringMaker<float>::convert(float value) {
+    return Detail::fpToString(value, precision) + 'f';
+}
+
+int StringMaker<double>::precision = std::numeric_limits<double>::max_digits10;
+
+std::string StringMaker<double>::convert(double value) {
+    return Detail::fpToString(value, precision);
+}
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Counts Counts::operator - ( Counts const& other ) const {
+        Counts diff;
+        diff.passed = passed - other.passed;
+        diff.failed = failed - other.failed;
+        diff.failedButOk = failedButOk - other.failedButOk;
+        diff.skipped = skipped - other.skipped;
+        return diff;
+    }
+
+    Counts& Counts::operator += ( Counts const& other ) {
+        passed += other.passed;
+        failed += other.failed;
+        failedButOk += other.failedButOk;
+        skipped += other.skipped;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::uint64_t Counts::total() const {
+        return passed + failed + failedButOk + skipped;
+    }
+    bool Counts::allPassed() const {
+        return failed == 0 && failedButOk == 0 && skipped == 0;
+    }
+    bool Counts::allOk() const {
+        return failed == 0;
+    }
+
+    Totals Totals::operator - ( Totals const& other ) const {
+        Totals diff;
+        diff.assertions = assertions - other.assertions;
+        diff.testCases = testCases - other.testCases;
+        return diff;
+    }
+
+    Totals& Totals::operator += ( Totals const& other ) {
+        assertions += other.assertions;
+        testCases += other.testCases;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    Totals Totals::delta( Totals const& prevTotals ) const {
+        Totals diff = *this - prevTotals;
+        if( diff.assertions.failed > 0 )
+            ++diff.testCases.failed;
+        else if( diff.assertions.failedButOk > 0 )
+            ++diff.testCases.failedButOk;
+        else if ( diff.assertions.skipped > 0 )
+            ++ diff.testCases.skipped;
+        else
+            ++diff.testCases.passed;
+        return diff;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        void registerTranslatorImpl(
+            Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) {
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerTranslator(
+                CATCH_MOVE( translator ) );
+        }
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Version::Version
+        (   unsigned int _majorVersion,
+            unsigned int _minorVersion,
+            unsigned int _patchNumber,
+            char const * const _branchName,
+            unsigned int _buildNumber )
+    :   majorVersion( _majorVersion ),
+        minorVersion( _minorVersion ),
+        patchNumber( _patchNumber ),
+        branchName( _branchName ),
+        buildNumber( _buildNumber )
+    {}
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Version const& version ) {
+        os  << version.majorVersion << '.'
+            << version.minorVersion << '.'
+            << version.patchNumber;
+        // branchName is never null -> 0th char is \0 if it is empty
+        if (version.branchName[0]) {
+            os << '-' << version.branchName
+               << '.' << version.buildNumber;
+        }
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    Version const& libraryVersion() {
+        static Version version( 3, 7, 1, "", 0 );
+        return version;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    const char* GeneratorException::what() const noexcept {
+        return m_msg;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    IGeneratorTracker::~IGeneratorTracker() = default;
+
+namespace Generators {
+
+namespace Detail {
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_generator_exception(char const* msg) {
+        Catch::throw_exception(GeneratorException{ msg });
+    }
+} // end namespace Detail
+
+    GeneratorUntypedBase::~GeneratorUntypedBase() = default;
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* acquireGeneratorTracker(StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) {
+        return getResultCapture().acquireGeneratorTracker( generatorName, lineInfo );
+    }
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* createGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                 SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+                                 GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) {
+        return getResultCapture().createGeneratorTracker(
+            generatorName, lineInfo, CATCH_MOVE( generator ) );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <random>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Generators {
+        namespace Detail {
+            std::uint32_t getSeed() { return sharedRng()(); }
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        struct RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::PImpl {
+            PImpl( long double a, long double b, uint32_t seed ):
+                rng( seed ), dist( a, b ) {}
+
+            Catch::SimplePcg32 rng;
+            std::uniform_real_distribution<long double> dist;
+        };
+
+        RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::RandomFloatingGenerator(
+            long double a, long double b, std::uint32_t seed) :
+            m_pimpl(Catch::Detail::make_unique<PImpl>(a, b, seed)) {
+            static_cast<void>( next() );
+        }
+
+        RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::~RandomFloatingGenerator() =
+            default;
+        bool RandomFloatingGenerator<long double>::next() {
+            m_current_number = m_pimpl->dist( m_pimpl->rng );
+            return true;
+        }
+    } // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IResultCapture::~IResultCapture() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IConfig::~IConfig() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IExceptionTranslator::~IExceptionTranslator() = default;
+    IExceptionTranslatorRegistry::~IExceptionTranslatorRegistry() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Generators {
+
+        bool GeneratorUntypedBase::countedNext() {
+            auto ret = next();
+            if ( ret ) {
+                m_stringReprCache.clear();
+                ++m_currentElementIndex;
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        StringRef GeneratorUntypedBase::currentElementAsString() const {
+            if ( m_stringReprCache.empty() ) {
+                m_stringReprCache = stringifyImpl();
+            }
+            return m_stringReprCache;
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IRegistryHub::~IRegistryHub() = default;
+    IMutableRegistryHub::~IMutableRegistryHub() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    ReporterConfig::ReporterConfig(
+        IConfig const* _fullConfig,
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> _stream,
+        ColourMode colourMode,
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions ):
+        m_stream( CATCH_MOVE(_stream) ),
+        m_fullConfig( _fullConfig ),
+        m_colourMode( colourMode ),
+        m_customOptions( CATCH_MOVE( customOptions ) ) {}
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> ReporterConfig::takeStream() && {
+        assert( m_stream );
+        return CATCH_MOVE( m_stream );
+    }
+    IConfig const * ReporterConfig::fullConfig() const { return m_fullConfig; }
+    ColourMode ReporterConfig::colourMode() const { return m_colourMode; }
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> const&
+    ReporterConfig::customOptions() const {
+        return m_customOptions;
+    }
+
+    ReporterConfig::~ReporterConfig() = default;
+
+    AssertionStats::AssertionStats( AssertionResult const& _assertionResult,
+                                    std::vector<MessageInfo> const& _infoMessages,
+                                    Totals const& _totals )
+    :   assertionResult( _assertionResult ),
+        infoMessages( _infoMessages ),
+        totals( _totals )
+    {
+        if( assertionResult.hasMessage() ) {
+            // Copy message into messages list.
+            // !TBD This should have been done earlier, somewhere
+            MessageBuilder builder( assertionResult.getTestMacroName(), assertionResult.getSourceInfo(), assertionResult.getResultType() );
+            builder.m_info.message = static_cast<std::string>(assertionResult.getMessage());
+
+            infoMessages.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(builder.m_info) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    SectionStats::SectionStats(  SectionInfo&& _sectionInfo,
+                                 Counts const& _assertions,
+                                 double _durationInSeconds,
+                                 bool _missingAssertions )
+    :   sectionInfo( CATCH_MOVE(_sectionInfo) ),
+        assertions( _assertions ),
+        durationInSeconds( _durationInSeconds ),
+        missingAssertions( _missingAssertions )
+    {}
+
+
+    TestCaseStats::TestCaseStats(  TestCaseInfo const& _testInfo,
+                                   Totals const& _totals,
+                                   std::string&& _stdOut,
+                                   std::string&& _stdErr,
+                                   bool _aborting )
+    : testInfo( &_testInfo ),
+        totals( _totals ),
+        stdOut( CATCH_MOVE(_stdOut) ),
+        stdErr( CATCH_MOVE(_stdErr) ),
+        aborting( _aborting )
+    {}
+
+
+    TestRunStats::TestRunStats(   TestRunInfo const& _runInfo,
+                    Totals const& _totals,
+                    bool _aborting )
+    :   runInfo( _runInfo ),
+        totals( _totals ),
+        aborting( _aborting )
+    {}
+
+    IEventListener::~IEventListener() = default;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    IReporterFactory::~IReporterFactory() = default;
+    EventListenerFactory::~EventListenerFactory() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    ITestCaseRegistry::~ITestCaseRegistry() = default;
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    AssertionHandler::AssertionHandler
+        (   StringRef macroName,
+            SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+            StringRef capturedExpression,
+            ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition )
+    :   m_assertionInfo{ macroName, lineInfo, capturedExpression, resultDisposition },
+        m_resultCapture( getResultCapture() )
+    {
+        m_resultCapture.notifyAssertionStarted( m_assertionInfo );
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleExpr( ITransientExpression const& expr ) {
+        m_resultCapture.handleExpr( m_assertionInfo, expr, m_reaction );
+    }
+    void AssertionHandler::handleMessage(ResultWas::OfType resultType, std::string&& message) {
+        m_resultCapture.handleMessage( m_assertionInfo, resultType, CATCH_MOVE(message), m_reaction );
+    }
+
+    auto AssertionHandler::allowThrows() const -> bool {
+        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->allowThrows();
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::complete() {
+        m_completed = true;
+        if( m_reaction.shouldDebugBreak ) {
+
+            // If you find your debugger stopping you here then go one level up on the
+            // call-stack for the code that caused it (typically a failed assertion)
+
+            // (To go back to the test and change execution, jump over the throw, next)
+            CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();
+        }
+        if (m_reaction.shouldThrow) {
+            throw_test_failure_exception();
+        }
+        if ( m_reaction.shouldSkip ) {
+            throw_test_skip_exception();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleUnexpectedInflightException() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleUnexpectedInflightException( m_assertionInfo, Catch::translateActiveException(), m_reaction );
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleExceptionThrownAsExpected() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+    }
+    void AssertionHandler::handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown( m_assertionInfo, m_reaction );
+    }
+
+    void AssertionHandler::handleThrowingCallSkipped() {
+        m_resultCapture.handleNonExpr(m_assertionInfo, ResultWas::Ok, m_reaction);
+    }
+
+    // This is the overload that takes a string and infers the Equals matcher from it
+    // The more general overload, that takes any string matcher, is in catch_capture_matchers.cpp
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str ) {
+        handleExceptionMatchExpr( handler, Matchers::Equals( str ) );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        bool CaseInsensitiveLess::operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                                              StringRef rhs ) const {
+            return std::lexicographical_compare(
+                lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
+                rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
+                []( char l, char r ) { return toLower( l ) < toLower( r ); } );
+        }
+
+        bool
+        CaseInsensitiveEqualTo::operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                                            StringRef rhs ) const {
+            return std::equal(
+                lhs.begin(), lhs.end(),
+                rhs.begin(), rhs.end(),
+                []( char l, char r ) { return toLower( l ) == toLower( r ); } );
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace {
+    bool isOptPrefix( char c ) {
+        return c == '-'
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+               || c == '/'
+#endif
+            ;
+    }
+
+    Catch::StringRef normaliseOpt( Catch::StringRef optName ) {
+        if ( optName[0] == '-'
+#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+             || optName[0] == '/'
+#endif
+        ) {
+            return optName.substr( 1, optName.size() );
+        }
+
+        return optName;
+    }
+
+    static size_t find_first_separator(Catch::StringRef sr) {
+        auto is_separator = []( char c ) {
+            return c == ' ' || c == ':' || c == '=';
+        };
+        size_t pos = 0;
+        while (pos < sr.size()) {
+            if (is_separator(sr[pos])) { return pos; }
+            ++pos;
+        }
+
+        return Catch::StringRef::npos;
+    }
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Clara {
+        namespace Detail {
+
+            void TokenStream::loadBuffer() {
+                m_tokenBuffer.clear();
+
+                // Skip any empty strings
+                while ( it != itEnd && it->empty() ) {
+                    ++it;
+                }
+
+                if ( it != itEnd ) {
+                    StringRef next = *it;
+                    if ( isOptPrefix( next[0] ) ) {
+                        auto delimiterPos = find_first_separator(next);
+                        if ( delimiterPos != StringRef::npos ) {
+                            m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                { TokenType::Option,
+                                  next.substr( 0, delimiterPos ) } );
+                            m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                { TokenType::Argument,
+                                  next.substr( delimiterPos + 1, next.size() ) } );
+                        } else {
+                            if ( next.size() > 1 && next[1] != '-' && next.size() > 2 ) {
+                                // Combined short args, e.g. "-ab" for "-a -b"
+                                for ( size_t i = 1; i < next.size(); ++i ) {
+                                    m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                        { TokenType::Option,
+                                          next.substr( i, 1 ) } );
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                                    { TokenType::Option, next } );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        m_tokenBuffer.push_back(
+                            { TokenType::Argument, next } );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            TokenStream::TokenStream( Args const& args ):
+                TokenStream( args.m_args.begin(), args.m_args.end() ) {}
+
+            TokenStream::TokenStream( Iterator it_, Iterator itEnd_ ):
+                it( it_ ), itEnd( itEnd_ ) {
+                loadBuffer();
+            }
+
+            TokenStream& TokenStream::operator++() {
+                if ( m_tokenBuffer.size() >= 2 ) {
+                    m_tokenBuffer.erase( m_tokenBuffer.begin() );
+                } else {
+                    if ( it != itEnd )
+                        ++it;
+                    loadBuffer();
+                }
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                                      std::string& target ) {
+                target = source;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                                      bool& target ) {
+                std::string srcLC = toLower( source );
+
+                if ( srcLC == "y" || srcLC == "1" || srcLC == "true" ||
+                     srcLC == "yes" || srcLC == "on" ) {
+                    target = true;
+                } else if ( srcLC == "n" || srcLC == "0" || srcLC == "false" ||
+                            srcLC == "no" || srcLC == "off" ) {
+                    target = false;
+                } else {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                        "Expected a boolean value but did not recognise: '" +
+                        source + '\'' );
+                }
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            size_t ParserBase::cardinality() const { return 1; }
+
+            InternalParseResult ParserBase::parse( Args const& args ) const {
+                return parse( static_cast<std::string>(args.exeName()), TokenStream( args ) );
+            }
+
+            ParseState::ParseState( ParseResultType type,
+                                    TokenStream remainingTokens ):
+                m_type( type ), m_remainingTokens( CATCH_MOVE(remainingTokens) ) {}
+
+            ParserResult BoundFlagRef::setFlag( bool flag ) {
+                m_ref = flag;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            ResultBase::~ResultBase() = default;
+
+            bool BoundRef::isContainer() const { return false; }
+
+            bool BoundRef::isFlag() const { return false; }
+
+            bool BoundFlagRefBase::isFlag() const { return true; }
+
+} // namespace Detail
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult Arg::parse(std::string const&,
+                                               Detail::TokenStream tokens) const {
+            auto validationResult = validate();
+            if (!validationResult)
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult(validationResult);
+
+            auto token = *tokens;
+            if (token.type != Detail::TokenType::Argument)
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                    ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+
+            assert(!m_ref->isFlag());
+            auto valueRef =
+                static_cast<Detail::BoundValueRefBase*>(m_ref.get());
+
+            auto result = valueRef->setValue(static_cast<std::string>(token.token));
+            if ( !result )
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult( result );
+            else
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                    Detail::ParseState( ParseResultType::Matched,
+                                        CATCH_MOVE( ++tokens ) ) );
+        }
+
+        Opt::Opt(bool& ref) :
+            ParserRefImpl(std::make_shared<Detail::BoundFlagRef>(ref)) {}
+
+        Detail::HelpColumns Opt::getHelpColumns() const {
+            ReusableStringStream oss;
+            bool first = true;
+            for (auto const& opt : m_optNames) {
+                if (first)
+                    first = false;
+                else
+                    oss << ", ";
+                oss << opt;
+            }
+            if (!m_hint.empty())
+                oss << " <" << m_hint << '>';
+            return { oss.str(), m_description };
+        }
+
+        bool Opt::isMatch(StringRef optToken) const {
+            auto normalisedToken = normaliseOpt(optToken);
+            for (auto const& name : m_optNames) {
+                if (normaliseOpt(name) == normalisedToken)
+                    return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult Opt::parse(std::string const&,
+                                       Detail::TokenStream tokens) const {
+            auto validationResult = validate();
+            if (!validationResult)
+                return Detail::InternalParseResult(validationResult);
+
+            if (tokens &&
+                tokens->type == Detail::TokenType::Option) {
+                auto const& token = *tokens;
+                if (isMatch(token.token)) {
+                    if (m_ref->isFlag()) {
+                        auto flagRef =
+                            static_cast<Detail::BoundFlagRefBase*>(
+                                m_ref.get());
+                        auto result = flagRef->setFlag(true);
+                        if (!result)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult(result);
+                        if (result.value() ==
+                            ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                                result.value(), CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+                    } else {
+                        auto valueRef =
+                            static_cast<Detail::BoundValueRefBase*>(
+                                m_ref.get());
+                        ++tokens;
+                        if (!tokens)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::runtimeError(
+                                "Expected argument following " +
+                                token.token);
+                        auto const& argToken = *tokens;
+                        if (argToken.type != Detail::TokenType::Argument)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::runtimeError(
+                                "Expected argument following " +
+                                token.token);
+                        const auto result = valueRef->setValue(static_cast<std::string>(argToken.token));
+                        if (!result)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult(result);
+                        if (result.value() ==
+                            ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll)
+                            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                                result.value(), CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+                    }
+                    return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(Detail::ParseState(
+                        ParseResultType::Matched, CATCH_MOVE(++tokens)));
+                }
+            }
+            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                Detail::ParseState(ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+        }
+
+        Detail::Result Opt::validate() const {
+            if (m_optNames.empty())
+                return Detail::Result::logicError("No options supplied to Opt");
+            for (auto const& name : m_optNames) {
+                if (name.empty())
+                    return Detail::Result::logicError(
+                        "Option name cannot be empty");
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+                if (name[0] != '-' && name[0] != '/')
+                    return Detail::Result::logicError(
+                        "Option name must begin with '-' or '/'");
+#else
+                if (name[0] != '-')
+                    return Detail::Result::logicError(
+                        "Option name must begin with '-'");
+#endif
+            }
+            return ParserRefImpl::validate();
+        }
+
+        ExeName::ExeName() :
+            m_name(std::make_shared<std::string>("<executable>")) {}
+
+        ExeName::ExeName(std::string& ref) : ExeName() {
+            m_ref = std::make_shared<Detail::BoundValueRef<std::string>>(ref);
+        }
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult
+            ExeName::parse(std::string const&,
+                           Detail::TokenStream tokens) const {
+            return Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                Detail::ParseState(ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens)));
+        }
+
+        ParserResult ExeName::set(std::string const& newName) {
+            auto lastSlash = newName.find_last_of("\\/");
+            auto filename = (lastSlash == std::string::npos)
+                ? newName
+                : newName.substr(lastSlash + 1);
+
+            *m_name = filename;
+            if (m_ref)
+                return m_ref->setValue(filename);
+            else
+                return ParserResult::ok(ParseResultType::Matched);
+        }
+
+
+
+
+        Parser& Parser::operator|=( Parser const& other ) {
+            m_options.insert( m_options.end(),
+                              other.m_options.begin(),
+                              other.m_options.end() );
+            m_args.insert(
+                m_args.end(), other.m_args.begin(), other.m_args.end() );
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<Detail::HelpColumns> Parser::getHelpColumns() const {
+            std::vector<Detail::HelpColumns> cols;
+            cols.reserve( m_options.size() );
+            for ( auto const& o : m_options ) {
+                cols.push_back(o.getHelpColumns());
+            }
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        void Parser::writeToStream( std::ostream& os ) const {
+            if ( !m_exeName.name().empty() ) {
+                os << "usage:\n"
+                   << "  " << m_exeName.name() << ' ';
+                bool required = true, first = true;
+                for ( auto const& arg : m_args ) {
+                    if ( first )
+                        first = false;
+                    else
+                        os << ' ';
+                    if ( arg.isOptional() && required ) {
+                        os << '[';
+                        required = false;
+                    }
+                    os << '<' << arg.hint() << '>';
+                    if ( arg.cardinality() == 0 )
+                        os << " ... ";
+                }
+                if ( !required )
+                    os << ']';
+                if ( !m_options.empty() )
+                    os << " options";
+                os << "\n\nwhere options are:\n";
+            }
+
+            auto rows = getHelpColumns();
+            size_t consoleWidth = CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH;
+            size_t optWidth = 0;
+            for ( auto const& cols : rows )
+                optWidth = ( std::max )( optWidth, cols.left.size() + 2 );
+
+            optWidth = ( std::min )( optWidth, consoleWidth / 2 );
+
+            for ( auto& cols : rows ) {
+                auto row = TextFlow::Column( CATCH_MOVE(cols.left) )
+                               .width( optWidth )
+                               .indent( 2 ) +
+                           TextFlow::Spacer( 4 ) +
+                           TextFlow::Column( static_cast<std::string>(cols.descriptions) )
+                               .width( consoleWidth - 7 - optWidth );
+                os << row << '\n';
+            }
+        }
+
+        Detail::Result Parser::validate() const {
+            for ( auto const& opt : m_options ) {
+                auto result = opt.validate();
+                if ( !result )
+                    return result;
+            }
+            for ( auto const& arg : m_args ) {
+                auto result = arg.validate();
+                if ( !result )
+                    return result;
+            }
+            return Detail::Result::ok();
+        }
+
+        Detail::InternalParseResult
+        Parser::parse( std::string const& exeName,
+                       Detail::TokenStream tokens ) const {
+
+            struct ParserInfo {
+                ParserBase const* parser = nullptr;
+                size_t count = 0;
+            };
+            std::vector<ParserInfo> parseInfos;
+            parseInfos.reserve( m_options.size() + m_args.size() );
+            for ( auto const& opt : m_options ) {
+                parseInfos.push_back( { &opt, 0 } );
+            }
+            for ( auto const& arg : m_args ) {
+                parseInfos.push_back( { &arg, 0 } );
+            }
+
+            m_exeName.set( exeName );
+
+            auto result = Detail::InternalParseResult::ok(
+                Detail::ParseState( ParseResultType::NoMatch, CATCH_MOVE(tokens) ) );
+            while ( result.value().remainingTokens() ) {
+                bool tokenParsed = false;
+
+                for ( auto& parseInfo : parseInfos ) {
+                    if ( parseInfo.parser->cardinality() == 0 ||
+                         parseInfo.count < parseInfo.parser->cardinality() ) {
+                        result = parseInfo.parser->parse(
+                            exeName, CATCH_MOVE(result).value().remainingTokens() );
+                        if ( !result )
+                            return result;
+                        if ( result.value().type() !=
+                             ParseResultType::NoMatch ) {
+                            tokenParsed = true;
+                            ++parseInfo.count;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ( result.value().type() == ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll )
+                    return result;
+                if ( !tokenParsed )
+                    return Detail::InternalParseResult::runtimeError(
+                        "Unrecognised token: " +
+                        result.value().remainingTokens()->token );
+            }
+            // !TBD Check missing required options
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        Args::Args(int argc, char const* const* argv) :
+            m_exeName(argv[0]), m_args(argv + 1, argv + argc) {}
+
+        Args::Args(std::initializer_list<StringRef> args) :
+            m_exeName(*args.begin()),
+            m_args(args.begin() + 1, args.end()) {}
+
+
+        Help::Help( bool& showHelpFlag ):
+            Opt( [&]( bool flag ) {
+                showHelpFlag = flag;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::ShortCircuitAll );
+            } ) {
+            static_cast<Opt&> ( *this )(
+                "display usage information" )["-?"]["-h"]["--help"]
+                .optional();
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Clara
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Clara::Parser makeCommandLineParser( ConfigData& config ) {
+
+        using namespace Clara;
+
+        auto const setWarning = [&]( std::string const& warning ) {
+            if ( warning == "NoAssertions" ) {
+                config.warnings = static_cast<WarnAbout::What>(config.warnings | WarnAbout::NoAssertions);
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            } else if ( warning == "UnmatchedTestSpec" ) {
+                config.warnings = static_cast<WarnAbout::What>(config.warnings | WarnAbout::UnmatchedTestSpec);
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            }
+
+            return ParserResult ::runtimeError(
+                "Unrecognised warning option: '" + warning + '\'' );
+        };
+        auto const loadTestNamesFromFile = [&]( std::string const& filename ) {
+                std::ifstream f( filename.c_str() );
+                if( !f.is_open() )
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unable to load input file: '" + filename + '\'' );
+
+                std::string line;
+                while( std::getline( f, line ) ) {
+                    line = trim(line);
+                    if( !line.empty() && !startsWith( line, '#' ) ) {
+                        if( !startsWith( line, '"' ) )
+                            line = '"' + CATCH_MOVE(line) + '"';
+                        config.testsOrTags.push_back( line );
+                        config.testsOrTags.emplace_back( "," );
+                    }
+                }
+                //Remove comma in the end
+                if(!config.testsOrTags.empty())
+                    config.testsOrTags.erase( config.testsOrTags.end()-1 );
+
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setTestOrder = [&]( std::string const& order ) {
+                if( startsWith( "declared", order ) )
+                    config.runOrder = TestRunOrder::Declared;
+                else if( startsWith( "lexical", order ) )
+                    config.runOrder = TestRunOrder::LexicographicallySorted;
+                else if( startsWith( "random", order ) )
+                    config.runOrder = TestRunOrder::Randomized;
+                else
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unrecognised ordering: '" + order + '\'' );
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setRngSeed = [&]( std::string const& seed ) {
+                if( seed == "time" ) {
+                    config.rngSeed = generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom::Time);
+                    return ParserResult::ok(ParseResultType::Matched);
+                } else if (seed == "random-device") {
+                    config.rngSeed = generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom::RandomDevice);
+                    return ParserResult::ok(ParseResultType::Matched);
+                }
+
+                // TODO: ideally we should be parsing uint32_t directly
+                //       fix this later when we add new parse overload
+                auto parsedSeed = parseUInt( seed, 0 );
+                if ( !parsedSeed ) {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Could not parse '" + seed + "' as seed" );
+                }
+                config.rngSeed = *parsedSeed;
+                return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setDefaultColourMode = [&]( std::string const& colourMode ) {
+            Optional<ColourMode> maybeMode = Catch::Detail::stringToColourMode(toLower( colourMode ));
+            if ( !maybeMode ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "colour mode must be one of: default, ansi, win32, "
+                    "or none. '" +
+                    colourMode + "' is not recognised" );
+            }
+            auto mode = *maybeMode;
+            if ( !isColourImplAvailable( mode ) ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "colour mode '" + colourMode +
+                    "' is not supported in this binary" );
+            }
+            config.defaultColourMode = mode;
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+        auto const setWaitForKeypress = [&]( std::string const& keypress ) {
+                auto keypressLc = toLower( keypress );
+                if (keypressLc == "never")
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::Never;
+                else if( keypressLc == "start" )
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeStart;
+                else if( keypressLc == "exit" )
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeExit;
+                else if( keypressLc == "both" )
+                    config.waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::BeforeStartAndExit;
+                else
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "keypress argument must be one of: never, start, exit or both. '" + keypress + "' not recognised" );
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+            };
+        auto const setVerbosity = [&]( std::string const& verbosity ) {
+            auto lcVerbosity = toLower( verbosity );
+            if( lcVerbosity == "quiet" )
+                config.verbosity = Verbosity::Quiet;
+            else if( lcVerbosity == "normal" )
+                config.verbosity = Verbosity::Normal;
+            else if( lcVerbosity == "high" )
+                config.verbosity = Verbosity::High;
+            else
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Unrecognised verbosity, '" + verbosity + '\'' );
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+        auto const setReporter = [&]( std::string const& userReporterSpec ) {
+            if ( userReporterSpec.empty() ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Received empty reporter spec." );
+            }
+
+            Optional<ReporterSpec> parsed =
+                parseReporterSpec( userReporterSpec );
+            if ( !parsed ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Could not parse reporter spec '" + userReporterSpec +
+                    "'" );
+            }
+
+            auto const& reporterSpec = *parsed;
+
+            auto const& factories =
+                getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getFactories();
+            auto result = factories.find( reporterSpec.name() );
+
+            if ( result == factories.end() ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Unrecognized reporter, '" + reporterSpec.name() +
+                    "'. Check available with --list-reporters" );
+            }
+
+
+            const bool hadOutputFile = reporterSpec.outputFile().some();
+            config.reporterSpecifications.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( *parsed ) );
+            // It would be enough to check this only once at the very end, but
+            // there is  not a place where we could call this check, so do it
+            // every time it could fail. For valid inputs, this is still called
+            // at most once.
+            if (!hadOutputFile) {
+                int n_reporters_without_file = 0;
+                for (auto const& spec : config.reporterSpecifications) {
+                    if (spec.outputFile().none()) {
+                        n_reporters_without_file++;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (n_reporters_without_file > 1) {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError( "Only one reporter may have unspecified output file." );
+                }
+            }
+
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+        auto const setShardCount = [&]( std::string const& shardCount ) {
+            auto parsedCount = parseUInt( shardCount );
+            if ( !parsedCount ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Could not parse '" + shardCount + "' as shard count" );
+            }
+            if ( *parsedCount == 0 ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Shard count must be positive" );
+            }
+            config.shardCount = *parsedCount;
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+
+        auto const setShardIndex = [&](std::string const& shardIndex) {
+            auto parsedIndex = parseUInt( shardIndex );
+            if ( !parsedIndex ) {
+                return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                    "Could not parse '" + shardIndex + "' as shard index" );
+            }
+            config.shardIndex = *parsedIndex;
+            return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+        };
+
+        auto cli
+            = ExeName( config.processName )
+            | Help( config.showHelp )
+            | Opt( config.showSuccessfulTests )
+                ["-s"]["--success"]
+                ( "include successful tests in output" )
+            | Opt( config.shouldDebugBreak )
+                ["-b"]["--break"]
+                ( "break into debugger on failure" )
+            | Opt( config.noThrow )
+                ["-e"]["--nothrow"]
+                ( "skip exception tests" )
+            | Opt( config.showInvisibles )
+                ["-i"]["--invisibles"]
+                ( "show invisibles (tabs, newlines)" )
+            | Opt( config.defaultOutputFilename, "filename" )
+                ["-o"]["--out"]
+                ( "default output filename" )
+            | Opt( accept_many, setReporter, "name[::key=value]*" )
+                ["-r"]["--reporter"]
+                ( "reporter to use (defaults to console)" )
+            | Opt( config.name, "name" )
+                ["-n"]["--name"]
+                ( "suite name" )
+            | Opt( [&]( bool ){ config.abortAfter = 1; } )
+                ["-a"]["--abort"]
+                ( "abort at first failure" )
+            | Opt( [&]( int x ){ config.abortAfter = x; }, "no. failures" )
+                ["-x"]["--abortx"]
+                ( "abort after x failures" )
+            | Opt( accept_many, setWarning, "warning name" )
+                ["-w"]["--warn"]
+                ( "enable warnings" )
+            | Opt( [&]( bool flag ) { config.showDurations = flag ? ShowDurations::Always : ShowDurations::Never; }, "yes|no" )
+                ["-d"]["--durations"]
+                ( "show test durations" )
+            | Opt( config.minDuration, "seconds" )
+                ["-D"]["--min-duration"]
+                ( "show test durations for tests taking at least the given number of seconds" )
+            | Opt( loadTestNamesFromFile, "filename" )
+                ["-f"]["--input-file"]
+                ( "load test names to run from a file" )
+            | Opt( config.filenamesAsTags )
+                ["-#"]["--filenames-as-tags"]
+                ( "adds a tag for the filename" )
+            | Opt( config.sectionsToRun, "section name" )
+                ["-c"]["--section"]
+                ( "specify section to run" )
+            | Opt( setVerbosity, "quiet|normal|high" )
+                ["-v"]["--verbosity"]
+                ( "set output verbosity" )
+            | Opt( config.listTests )
+                ["--list-tests"]
+                ( "list all/matching test cases" )
+            | Opt( config.listTags )
+                ["--list-tags"]
+                ( "list all/matching tags" )
+            | Opt( config.listReporters )
+                ["--list-reporters"]
+                ( "list all available reporters" )
+            | Opt( config.listListeners )
+                ["--list-listeners"]
+                ( "list all listeners" )
+            | Opt( setTestOrder, "decl|lex|rand" )
+                ["--order"]
+                ( "test case order (defaults to decl)" )
+            | Opt( setRngSeed, "'time'|'random-device'|number" )
+                ["--rng-seed"]
+                ( "set a specific seed for random numbers" )
+            | Opt( setDefaultColourMode, "ansi|win32|none|default" )
+                ["--colour-mode"]
+                ( "what color mode should be used as default" )
+            | Opt( config.libIdentify )
+                ["--libidentify"]
+                ( "report name and version according to libidentify standard" )
+            | Opt( setWaitForKeypress, "never|start|exit|both" )
+                ["--wait-for-keypress"]
+                ( "waits for a keypress before exiting" )
+            | Opt( config.skipBenchmarks)
+                ["--skip-benchmarks"]
+                ( "disable running benchmarks")
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkSamples, "samples" )
+                ["--benchmark-samples"]
+                ( "number of samples to collect (default: 100)" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkResamples, "resamples" )
+                ["--benchmark-resamples"]
+                ( "number of resamples for the bootstrap (default: 100000)" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkConfidenceInterval, "confidence interval" )
+                ["--benchmark-confidence-interval"]
+                ( "confidence interval for the bootstrap (between 0 and 1, default: 0.95)" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkNoAnalysis )
+                ["--benchmark-no-analysis"]
+                ( "perform only measurements; do not perform any analysis" )
+            | Opt( config.benchmarkWarmupTime, "benchmarkWarmupTime" )
+                ["--benchmark-warmup-time"]
+                ( "amount of time in milliseconds spent on warming up each test (default: 100)" )
+            | Opt( setShardCount, "shard count" )
+                ["--shard-count"]
+                ( "split the tests to execute into this many groups" )
+            | Opt( setShardIndex, "shard index" )
+                ["--shard-index"]
+                ( "index of the group of tests to execute (see --shard-count)" )
+            | Opt( config.allowZeroTests )
+                ["--allow-running-no-tests"]
+                ( "Treat 'No tests run' as a success" )
+            | Arg( config.testsOrTags, "test name|pattern|tags" )
+                ( "which test or tests to use" );
+
+        return cli;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
+#endif
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    ColourImpl::~ColourImpl() = default;
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard ColourImpl::guardColour( Colour::Code colourCode ) {
+        return ColourGuard(colourCode, this );
+    }
+
+    void ColourImpl::ColourGuard::engageImpl( std::ostream& stream ) {
+        assert( &stream == &m_colourImpl->m_stream->stream() &&
+                "Engaging colour guard for different stream than used by the "
+                "parent colour implementation" );
+        static_cast<void>( stream );
+
+        m_engaged = true;
+        m_colourImpl->use( m_code );
+    }
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::ColourGuard( Colour::Code code,
+                                          ColourImpl const* colour ):
+        m_colourImpl( colour ), m_code( code ) {
+    }
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::ColourGuard( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept:
+        m_colourImpl( rhs.m_colourImpl ),
+        m_code( rhs.m_code ),
+        m_engaged( rhs.m_engaged ) {
+        rhs.m_engaged = false;
+    }
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard&
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::operator=( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept {
+        using std::swap;
+        swap( m_colourImpl, rhs.m_colourImpl );
+        swap( m_code, rhs.m_code );
+        swap( m_engaged, rhs.m_engaged );
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::~ColourGuard() {
+        if ( m_engaged ) {
+            m_colourImpl->use( Colour::None );
+        }
+    }
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard&
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::engage( std::ostream& stream ) & {
+        engageImpl( stream );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard&&
+    ColourImpl::ColourGuard::engage( std::ostream& stream ) && {
+        engageImpl( stream );
+        return CATCH_MOVE(*this);
+    }
+
+    namespace {
+        //! A do-nothing implementation of colour, used as fallback for unknown
+        //! platforms, and when the user asks to deactivate all colours.
+        class NoColourImpl final : public ColourImpl {
+        public:
+            NoColourImpl( IStream* stream ): ColourImpl( stream ) {}
+
+        private:
+            void use( Colour::Code ) const override {}
+        };
+    } // namespace
+
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#if defined ( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 ) /////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    class Win32ColourImpl final : public ColourImpl {
+    public:
+        Win32ColourImpl(IStream* stream):
+            ColourImpl(stream) {
+            CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo;
+            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo( GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ),
+                                        &csbiInfo );
+            originalForegroundAttributes = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~( BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY );
+            originalBackgroundAttributes = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~( FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY );
+        }
+
+        static bool useImplementationForStream(IStream const& stream) {
+            // Win32 text colour APIs can only be used on console streams
+            // We cannot check that the output hasn't been redirected,
+            // so we just check that the original stream is console stream.
+            return stream.isConsole();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) const override {
+            switch( _colourCode ) {
+                case Colour::None:      return setTextAttribute( originalForegroundAttributes );
+                case Colour::White:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE );
+                case Colour::Red:       return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_RED );
+                case Colour::Green:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::Blue:      return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_BLUE );
+                case Colour::Cyan:      return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::Yellow:    return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::Grey:      return setTextAttribute( 0 );
+
+                case Colour::LightGrey:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY );
+                case Colour::BrightRed:     return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED );
+                case Colour::BrightGreen:   return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+                case Colour::BrightWhite:   return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE );
+                case Colour::BrightYellow:  return setTextAttribute( FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN );
+
+                case Colour::Bright: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "not a colour" );
+
+                default:
+                    CATCH_ERROR( "Unknown colour requested" );
+            }
+        }
+
+        void setTextAttribute( WORD _textAttribute ) const {
+            SetConsoleTextAttribute( GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ),
+                                     _textAttribute |
+                                         originalBackgroundAttributes );
+        }
+        WORD originalForegroundAttributes;
+        WORD originalBackgroundAttributes;
+    };
+
+} // end anon namespace
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // Windows/ ANSI/ None
+
+
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX ) || defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_HAS_ISATTY
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    class ANSIColourImpl final : public ColourImpl {
+    public:
+        ANSIColourImpl( IStream* stream ): ColourImpl( stream ) {}
+
+        static bool useImplementationForStream(IStream const& stream) {
+            // This is kinda messy due to trying to support a bunch of
+            // different platforms at once.
+            // The basic idea is that if we are asked to do autodetection (as
+            // opposed to being told to use posixy colours outright), then we
+            // only want to use the colours if we are writing to console.
+            // However, console might be redirected, so we make an attempt at
+            // checking for that on platforms where we know how to do that.
+            bool useColour = stream.isConsole();
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_HAS_ISATTY ) && \
+    !( defined( __DJGPP__ ) && defined( __STRICT_ANSI__ ) )
+            ErrnoGuard _; // for isatty
+            useColour = useColour && isatty( STDOUT_FILENO );
+#    endif
+#    if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC ) || defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE )
+            useColour = useColour && !isDebuggerActive();
+#    endif
+
+            return useColour;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void use( Colour::Code _colourCode ) const override {
+            auto setColour = [&out =
+                                  m_stream->stream()]( char const* escapeCode ) {
+                // The escape sequence must be flushed to console, otherwise
+                // if stdin and stderr are intermixed, we'd get accidentally
+                // coloured output.
+                out << '\033' << escapeCode << std::flush;
+            };
+            switch( _colourCode ) {
+                case Colour::None:
+                case Colour::White:     return setColour( "[0m" );
+                case Colour::Red:       return setColour( "[0;31m" );
+                case Colour::Green:     return setColour( "[0;32m" );
+                case Colour::Blue:      return setColour( "[0;34m" );
+                case Colour::Cyan:      return setColour( "[0;36m" );
+                case Colour::Yellow:    return setColour( "[0;33m" );
+                case Colour::Grey:      return setColour( "[1;30m" );
+
+                case Colour::LightGrey:     return setColour( "[0;37m" );
+                case Colour::BrightRed:     return setColour( "[1;31m" );
+                case Colour::BrightGreen:   return setColour( "[1;32m" );
+                case Colour::BrightWhite:   return setColour( "[1;37m" );
+                case Colour::BrightYellow:  return setColour( "[1;33m" );
+
+                case Colour::Bright: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "not a colour" );
+                default: CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown colour requested" );
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end anon namespace
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<ColourImpl> makeColourImpl( ColourMode colourSelection,
+                                                   IStream* stream ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::Win32 ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<Win32ColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+#endif
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::ANSI ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<ANSIColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::None ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<NoColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+
+        if ( colourSelection == ColourMode::PlatformDefault) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+            if ( Win32ColourImpl::useImplementationForStream( *stream ) ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Win32ColourImpl>( stream );
+            }
+#endif
+            if ( ANSIColourImpl::useImplementationForStream( *stream ) ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<ANSIColourImpl>( stream );
+            }
+            return Detail::make_unique<NoColourImpl>( stream );
+        }
+
+        CATCH_ERROR( "Could not create colour impl for selection " << static_cast<int>(colourSelection) );
+    }
+
+    bool isColourImplAvailable( ColourMode colourSelection ) {
+        switch ( colourSelection ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+        case ColourMode::Win32:
+#endif
+        case ColourMode::ANSI:
+        case ColourMode::None:
+        case ColourMode::PlatformDefault:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Context* Context::currentContext = nullptr;
+
+    void cleanUpContext() {
+        delete Context::currentContext;
+        Context::currentContext = nullptr;
+    }
+    void Context::createContext() {
+        currentContext = new Context();
+    }
+
+    Context& getCurrentMutableContext() {
+        if ( !Context::currentContext ) { Context::createContext(); }
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-core.uninitialized.UndefReturn)
+        return *Context::currentContext;
+    }
+
+    SimplePcg32& sharedRng() {
+        static SimplePcg32 s_rng;
+        return s_rng;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE)
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+            __android_log_write( ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "Catch", text.c_str() );
+        }
+    }
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+            ::OutputDebugStringA( text.c_str() );
+        }
+    }
+
+#else
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text ) {
+            // !TBD: Need a version for Mac/ XCode and other IDEs
+            Catch::cout() << text;
+        }
+    }
+
+#endif // Platform
+
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC) || defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
+
+#  include <cassert>
+#  include <sys/types.h>
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#  include <cstddef>
+#  include <ostream>
+
+#ifdef __apple_build_version__
+    // These headers will only compile with AppleClang (XCode)
+    // For other compilers (Clang, GCC, ... ) we need to exclude them
+#  include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
+    namespace Catch {
+        #ifdef __apple_build_version__
+        // The following function is taken directly from the following technical note:
+        // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1361/_index.html
+
+        // Returns true if the current process is being debugged (either
+        // running under the debugger or has a debugger attached post facto).
+        bool isDebuggerActive(){
+            int                 mib[4];
+            struct kinfo_proc   info;
+            std::size_t         size;
+
+            // Initialize the flags so that, if sysctl fails for some bizarre
+            // reason, we get a predictable result.
+
+            info.kp_proc.p_flag = 0;
+
+            // Initialize mib, which tells sysctl the info we want, in this case
+            // we're looking for information about a specific process ID.
+
+            mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
+            mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
+            mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
+            mib[3] = getpid();
+
+            // Call sysctl.
+
+            size = sizeof(info);
+            if( sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib) / sizeof(*mib), &info, &size, nullptr, 0) != 0 ) {
+                Catch::cerr() << "\n** Call to sysctl failed - unable to determine if debugger is active **\n\n" << std::flush;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // We're being debugged if the P_TRACED flag is set.
+
+            return ( (info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0 );
+        }
+        #else
+        bool isDebuggerActive() {
+            // We need to find another way to determine this for non-appleclang compilers on macOS
+            return false;
+        }
+        #endif
+    } // namespace Catch
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+    #include <fstream>
+    #include <string>
+
+    namespace Catch{
+        // The standard POSIX way of detecting a debugger is to attempt to
+        // ptrace() the process, but this needs to be done from a child and not
+        // this process itself to still allow attaching to this process later
+        // if wanted, so is rather heavy. Under Linux we have the PID of the
+        // "debugger" (which doesn't need to be gdb, of course, it could also
+        // be strace, for example) in /proc/$PID/status, so just get it from
+        // there instead.
+        bool isDebuggerActive(){
+            // Libstdc++ has a bug, where std::ifstream sets errno to 0
+            // This way our users can properly assert over errno values
+            ErrnoGuard guard;
+            std::ifstream in("/proc/self/status");
+            for( std::string line; std::getline(in, line); ) {
+                static const int PREFIX_LEN = 11;
+                if( line.compare(0, PREFIX_LEN, "TracerPid:\t") == 0 ) {
+                    // We're traced if the PID is not 0 and no other PID starts
+                    // with 0 digit, so it's enough to check for just a single
+                    // character.
+                    return line.length() > PREFIX_LEN && line[PREFIX_LEN] != '0';
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    } // namespace Catch
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall IsDebuggerPresent();
+    namespace Catch {
+        bool isDebuggerActive() {
+            return IsDebuggerPresent() != 0;
+        }
+    }
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall IsDebuggerPresent();
+    namespace Catch {
+        bool isDebuggerActive() {
+            return IsDebuggerPresent() != 0;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    namespace Catch {
+       bool isDebuggerActive() { return false; }
+    }
+#endif // Platform
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    void ITransientExpression::streamReconstructedExpression(
+        std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // We can't make this function pure virtual to keep ITransientExpression
+        // constexpr, so we write error message instead
+        os << "Some class derived from ITransientExpression without overriding streamReconstructedExpression";
+    }
+
+    void formatReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os, std::string const& lhs, StringRef op, std::string const& rhs ) {
+        if( lhs.size() + rhs.size() < 40 &&
+                lhs.find('\n') == std::string::npos &&
+                rhs.find('\n') == std::string::npos )
+            os << lhs << ' ' << op << ' ' << rhs;
+        else
+            os << lhs << '\n' << op << '\n' << rhs;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS_CUSTOM_HANDLER)
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_exception(std::exception const& e) {
+        Catch::cerr() << "Catch will terminate because it needed to throw an exception.\n"
+                      << "The message was: " << e.what() << '\n';
+        std::terminate();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_logic_error(std::string const& msg) {
+        throw_exception(std::logic_error(msg));
+    }
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_domain_error(std::string const& msg) {
+        throw_exception(std::domain_error(msg));
+    }
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_runtime_error(std::string const& msg) {
+        throw_exception(std::runtime_error(msg));
+    }
+
+
+
+} // namespace Catch;
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    IMutableEnumValuesRegistry::~IMutableEnumValuesRegistry() = default;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        namespace {
+            // Extracts the actual name part of an enum instance
+            // In other words, it returns the Blue part of Bikeshed::Colour::Blue
+            StringRef extractInstanceName(StringRef enumInstance) {
+                // Find last occurrence of ":"
+                size_t name_start = enumInstance.size();
+                while (name_start > 0 && enumInstance[name_start - 1] != ':') {
+                    --name_start;
+                }
+                return enumInstance.substr(name_start, enumInstance.size() - name_start);
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::vector<StringRef> parseEnums( StringRef enums ) {
+            auto enumValues = splitStringRef( enums, ',' );
+            std::vector<StringRef> parsed;
+            parsed.reserve( enumValues.size() );
+            for( auto const& enumValue : enumValues ) {
+                parsed.push_back(trim(extractInstanceName(enumValue)));
+            }
+            return parsed;
+        }
+
+        EnumInfo::~EnumInfo() = default;
+
+        StringRef EnumInfo::lookup( int value ) const {
+            for( auto const& valueToName : m_values ) {
+                if( valueToName.first == value )
+                    return valueToName.second;
+            }
+            return "{** unexpected enum value **}"_sr;
+        }
+
+        Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<EnumInfo> makeEnumInfo( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values ) {
+            auto enumInfo = Catch::Detail::make_unique<EnumInfo>();
+            enumInfo->m_name = enumName;
+            enumInfo->m_values.reserve( values.size() );
+
+            const auto valueNames = Catch::Detail::parseEnums( allValueNames );
+            assert( valueNames.size() == values.size() );
+            std::size_t i = 0;
+            for( auto value : values )
+                enumInfo->m_values.emplace_back(value, valueNames[i++]);
+
+            return enumInfo;
+        }
+
+        EnumInfo const& EnumValuesRegistry::registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values ) {
+            m_enumInfos.push_back(makeEnumInfo(enumName, allValueNames, values));
+            return *m_enumInfos.back();
+        }
+
+    } // Detail
+} // Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <cerrno>
+
+namespace Catch {
+        ErrnoGuard::ErrnoGuard():m_oldErrno(errno){}
+        ErrnoGuard::~ErrnoGuard() { errno = m_oldErrno; }
+}
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    namespace {
+        static std::string tryTranslators(
+            std::vector<
+                Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator const>> const& translators ) {
+            if ( translators.empty() ) {
+                std::rethrow_exception( std::current_exception() );
+            } else {
+                return translators[0]->translate( translators.begin() + 1,
+                                                  translators.end() );
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+#endif //!defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+    ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::~ExceptionTranslatorRegistry() = default;
+
+    void ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) {
+        m_translators.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( translator ) );
+    }
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::translateActiveException() const {
+        // Compiling a mixed mode project with MSVC means that CLR
+        // exceptions will be caught in (...) as well. However, these do
+        // do not fill-in std::current_exception and thus lead to crash
+        // when attempting rethrow.
+        // /EHa switch also causes structured exceptions to be caught
+        // here, but they fill-in current_exception properly, so
+        // at worst the output should be a little weird, instead of
+        // causing a crash.
+        if ( std::current_exception() == nullptr ) {
+            return "Non C++ exception. Possibly a CLR exception.";
+        }
+
+        // First we try user-registered translators. If none of them can
+        // handle the exception, it will be rethrown handled by our defaults.
+        try {
+            return tryTranslators(m_translators);
+        }
+        // To avoid having to handle TFE explicitly everywhere, we just
+        // rethrow it so that it goes back up the caller.
+        catch( TestFailureException& ) {
+            std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+        }
+        catch( TestSkipException& ) {
+            std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+        }
+        catch( std::exception const& ex ) {
+            return ex.what();
+        }
+        catch( std::string const& msg ) {
+            return msg;
+        }
+        catch( const char* msg ) {
+            return msg;
+        }
+        catch(...) {
+            return "Unknown exception";
+        }
+    }
+
+#else // ^^ Exceptions are enabled // Exceptions are disabled vv
+    std::string ExceptionTranslatorRegistry::translateActiveException() const {
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Attempted to translate active exception under CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS!");
+    }
+#endif
+
+}
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This file provides platform specific implementations of FatalConditionHandler
+ *
+ * This means that there is a lot of conditional compilation, and platform
+ * specific code. Currently, Catch2 supports a dummy handler (if no
+ * handler is desired), and 2 platform specific handlers:
+ *  * Windows' SEH
+ *  * POSIX signals
+ *
+ * Consequently, various pieces of code below are compiled if either of
+ * the platform specific handlers is enabled, or if none of them are
+ * enabled. It is assumed that both cannot be enabled at the same time,
+ * and doing so should cause a compilation error.
+ *
+ * If another platform specific handler is added, the compile guards
+ * below will need to be updated taking these assumptions into account.
+ */
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) && !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // If neither SEH nor signal handling is required, the handler impls
+    // do not have to do anything, and can be empty.
+    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {}
+    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() noexcept {}
+    FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() = default;
+    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() = default;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // !CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH && !CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) && defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+#error "Inconsistent configuration: Windows' SEH handling and POSIX signals cannot be enabled at the same time"
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH && CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH ) || defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+
+namespace {
+    //! Signals fatal error message to the run context
+    void reportFatal( char const * const message ) {
+        Catch::getCurrentContext().getResultCapture()->handleFatalErrorCondition( message );
+    }
+
+    //! Minimal size Catch2 needs for its own fatal error handling.
+    //! Picked empirically, so it might not be sufficient on all
+    //! platforms, and for all configurations.
+    constexpr std::size_t minStackSizeForErrors = 32 * 1024;
+} // end unnamed namespace
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH || CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH )
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SignalDefs { DWORD id; const char* name; };
+
+    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+    static SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+        { EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
+        { EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow" },
+        { EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
+        { EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error" },
+    };
+
+    static LONG CALLBACK topLevelExceptionFilter(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+        for (auto const& def : signalDefs) {
+            if (ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == def.id) {
+                reportFatal(def.name);
+            }
+        }
+        // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
+        // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
+        return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+    }
+
+    // Since we do not support multiple instantiations, we put these
+    // into global variables and rely on cleaning them up in outlined
+    // constructors/destructors
+    static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER previousTopLevelExceptionFilter = nullptr;
+
+
+    // For MSVC, we reserve part of the stack memory for handling
+    // memory overflow structured exception.
+    FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() {
+        ULONG guaranteeSize = static_cast<ULONG>(minStackSizeForErrors);
+        if (!SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize)) {
+            // We do not want to fully error out, because needing
+            // the stack reserve should be rare enough anyway.
+            Catch::cerr()
+                << "Failed to reserve piece of stack."
+                << " Stack overflows will not be reported successfully.";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We do not attempt to unset the stack guarantee, because
+    // Windows does not support lowering the stack size guarantee.
+    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() = default;
+
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {
+        // Register as a the top level exception filter.
+        previousTopLevelExceptionFilter = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(topLevelExceptionFilter);
+    }
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() noexcept {
+        if (SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(previousTopLevelExceptionFilter) != topLevelExceptionFilter) {
+            Catch::cerr()
+                << "Unexpected SEH unhandled exception filter on disengage."
+                << " The filter was restored, but might be rolled back unexpectedly.";
+        }
+        previousTopLevelExceptionFilter = nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS )
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SignalDefs {
+        int id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+
+    static SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+        { SIGINT,  "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal" },
+        { SIGILL,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
+        { SIGFPE,  "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal" },
+        { SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
+        { SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal" },
+        { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal" }
+    };
+
+// Older GCCs trigger -Wmissing-field-initializers for T foo = {}
+// which is zero initialization, but not explicit. We want to avoid
+// that.
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
+#endif
+
+    static char* altStackMem = nullptr;
+    static std::size_t altStackSize = 0;
+    static stack_t oldSigStack{};
+    static struct sigaction oldSigActions[sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs)]{};
+
+    static void restorePreviousSignalHandlers() noexcept {
+        // We set signal handlers back to the previous ones. Hopefully
+        // nobody overwrote them in the meantime, and doesn't expect
+        // their signal handlers to live past ours given that they
+        // installed them after ours..
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+            sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
+        }
+        // Return the old stack
+        sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    static void handleSignal( int sig ) {
+        char const * name = "<unknown signal>";
+        for (auto const& def : signalDefs) {
+            if (sig == def.id) {
+                name = def.name;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // We need to restore previous signal handlers and let them do
+        // their thing, so that the users can have the debugger break
+        // when a signal is raised, and so on.
+        restorePreviousSignalHandlers();
+        reportFatal( name );
+        raise( sig );
+    }
+
+    FatalConditionHandler::FatalConditionHandler() {
+        assert(!altStackMem && "Cannot initialize POSIX signal handler when one already exists");
+        if (altStackSize == 0) {
+            altStackSize = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(SIGSTKSZ), minStackSizeForErrors);
+        }
+        altStackMem = new char[altStackSize]();
+    }
+
+    FatalConditionHandler::~FatalConditionHandler() {
+        delete[] altStackMem;
+        // We signal that another instance can be constructed by zeroing
+        // out the pointer.
+        altStackMem = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::engage_platform() {
+        stack_t sigStack;
+        sigStack.ss_sp = altStackMem;
+        sigStack.ss_size = altStackSize;
+        sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+        sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+        struct sigaction sa = { };
+
+        sa.sa_handler = handleSignal;
+        sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+            sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    void FatalConditionHandler::disengage_platform() noexcept {
+        restorePreviousSignalHandlers();
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        uint32_t convertToBits(float f) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), "Important ULP matcher assumption violated");
+            uint32_t i;
+            std::memcpy(&i, &f, sizeof(f));
+            return i;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t convertToBits(double d) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(double) == sizeof(uint64_t), "Important ULP matcher assumption violated");
+            uint64_t i;
+            std::memcpy(&i, &d, sizeof(d));
+            return i;
+        }
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        bool directCompare( float lhs, float rhs ) { return lhs == rhs; }
+        bool directCompare( double lhs, double rhs ) { return lhs == rhs; }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    } // end namespace Detail
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+#if !defined (CATCH_CONFIG_GETENV)
+        char const* getEnv( char const* ) { return nullptr; }
+#else
+
+        char const* getEnv( char const* varName ) {
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+#        pragma warning( push )
+#        pragma warning( disable : 4996 ) // use getenv_s instead of getenv
+#    endif
+
+            return std::getenv( varName );
+
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+#        pragma warning( pop )
+#    endif
+        }
+#endif
+} // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Catch::IStream::~IStream() = default;
+
+namespace Detail {
+    namespace {
+        template<typename WriterF, std::size_t bufferSize=256>
+        class StreamBufImpl final : public std::streambuf {
+            char data[bufferSize];
+            WriterF m_writer;
+
+        public:
+            StreamBufImpl() {
+                setp( data, data + sizeof(data) );
+            }
+
+            ~StreamBufImpl() noexcept override {
+                StreamBufImpl::sync();
+            }
+
+        private:
+            int overflow( int c ) override {
+                sync();
+
+                if( c != EOF ) {
+                    if( pbase() == epptr() )
+                        m_writer( std::string( 1, static_cast<char>( c ) ) );
+                    else
+                        sputc( static_cast<char>( c ) );
+                }
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            int sync() override {
+                if( pbase() != pptr() ) {
+                    m_writer( std::string( pbase(), static_cast<std::string::size_type>( pptr() - pbase() ) ) );
+                    setp( pbase(), epptr() );
+                }
+                return 0;
+            }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        struct OutputDebugWriter {
+
+            void operator()( std::string const& str ) {
+                if ( !str.empty() ) {
+                    writeToDebugConsole( str );
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        class FileStream final : public IStream {
+            std::ofstream m_ofs;
+        public:
+            FileStream( std::string const& filename ) {
+                m_ofs.open( filename.c_str() );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( !m_ofs.fail(), "Unable to open file: '" << filename << '\'' );
+                m_ofs << std::unitbuf;
+            }
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override {
+                return m_ofs;
+            }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        class CoutStream final : public IStream {
+            std::ostream m_os;
+        public:
+            // Store the streambuf from cout up-front because
+            // cout may get redirected when running tests
+            CoutStream() : m_os( Catch::cout().rdbuf() ) {}
+
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override { return m_os; }
+            bool isConsole() const override { return true; }
+        };
+
+        class CerrStream : public IStream {
+            std::ostream m_os;
+
+        public:
+            // Store the streambuf from cerr up-front because
+            // cout may get redirected when running tests
+            CerrStream(): m_os( Catch::cerr().rdbuf() ) {}
+
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override { return m_os; }
+            bool isConsole() const override { return true; }
+        };
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        class DebugOutStream final : public IStream {
+            Detail::unique_ptr<StreamBufImpl<OutputDebugWriter>> m_streamBuf;
+            std::ostream m_os;
+        public:
+            DebugOutStream()
+            :   m_streamBuf( Detail::make_unique<StreamBufImpl<OutputDebugWriter>>() ),
+                m_os( m_streamBuf.get() )
+            {}
+
+        public: // IStream
+            std::ostream& stream() override { return m_os; }
+        };
+
+    } // unnamed namespace
+} // namespace Detail
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    auto makeStream( std::string const& filename ) -> Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> {
+        if ( filename.empty() || filename == "-" ) {
+            return Detail::make_unique<Detail::CoutStream>();
+        }
+        if( filename[0] == '%' ) {
+            if ( filename == "%debug" ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Detail::DebugOutStream>();
+            } else if ( filename == "%stderr" ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Detail::CerrStream>();
+            } else if ( filename == "%stdout" ) {
+                return Detail::make_unique<Detail::CoutStream>();
+            } else {
+                CATCH_ERROR( "Unrecognised stream: '" << filename << '\'' );
+            }
+        }
+        return Detail::make_unique<Detail::FileStream>( filename );
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    void JsonUtils::indent( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t level ) {
+        for ( std::uint64_t i = 0; i < level; ++i ) {
+            os << "  ";
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline( std::ostream& os,
+                                        bool& should_comma,
+                                        std::uint64_t level ) {
+        if ( should_comma ) { os << ','; }
+        should_comma = true;
+        os << '\n';
+        indent( os, level );
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter::JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os ):
+        JsonObjectWriter{ os, 0 } {}
+
+    JsonObjectWriter::JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os,
+                                        std::uint64_t indent_level ):
+        m_os{ os }, m_indent_level{ indent_level } {
+        m_os << '{';
+    }
+    JsonObjectWriter::JsonObjectWriter( JsonObjectWriter&& source ) noexcept:
+        m_os{ source.m_os },
+        m_indent_level{ source.m_indent_level },
+        m_should_comma{ source.m_should_comma },
+        m_active{ source.m_active } {
+        source.m_active = false;
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter::~JsonObjectWriter() {
+        if ( !m_active ) { return; }
+
+        m_os << '\n';
+        JsonUtils::indent( m_os, m_indent_level );
+        m_os << '}';
+    }
+
+    JsonValueWriter JsonObjectWriter::write( StringRef key ) {
+        JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+            m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+
+        m_os << '"' << key << "\": ";
+        return JsonValueWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level + 1 };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter::JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os ):
+        JsonArrayWriter{ os, 0 } {}
+    JsonArrayWriter::JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os,
+                                      std::uint64_t indent_level ):
+        m_os{ os }, m_indent_level{ indent_level } {
+        m_os << '[';
+    }
+    JsonArrayWriter::JsonArrayWriter( JsonArrayWriter&& source ) noexcept:
+        m_os{ source.m_os },
+        m_indent_level{ source.m_indent_level },
+        m_should_comma{ source.m_should_comma },
+        m_active{ source.m_active } {
+        source.m_active = false;
+    }
+    JsonArrayWriter::~JsonArrayWriter() {
+        if ( !m_active ) { return; }
+
+        m_os << '\n';
+        JsonUtils::indent( m_os, m_indent_level );
+        m_os << ']';
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter JsonArrayWriter::writeObject() {
+        JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+            m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+        return JsonObjectWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level + 1 };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter JsonArrayWriter::writeArray() {
+        JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+            m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+        return JsonArrayWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level + 1 };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter& JsonArrayWriter::write( bool value ) {
+        return writeImpl( value );
+    }
+
+    JsonValueWriter::JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os ):
+        JsonValueWriter{ os, 0 } {}
+
+    JsonValueWriter::JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os,
+                                      std::uint64_t indent_level ):
+        m_os{ os }, m_indent_level{ indent_level } {}
+
+    JsonObjectWriter JsonValueWriter::writeObject() && {
+        return JsonObjectWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level };
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter JsonValueWriter::writeArray() && {
+        return JsonArrayWriter{ m_os, m_indent_level };
+    }
+
+    void JsonValueWriter::write( Catch::StringRef value ) && {
+        writeImpl( value, true );
+    }
+
+    void JsonValueWriter::write( bool value ) && {
+        writeImpl( value ? "true"_sr : "false"_sr, false );
+    }
+
+    void JsonValueWriter::writeImpl( Catch::StringRef value, bool quote ) {
+        if ( quote ) { m_os << '"'; }
+        for (char c : value) {
+            // Escape list taken from https://www.json.org/json-en.html,
+            // string definition.
+            // Note that while forward slash _can_ be escaped, it does
+            // not have to be, if JSON is not further embedded somewhere
+            // where forward slash is meaningful.
+            if ( c == '"' ) {
+                m_os << "\\\"";
+            } else if ( c == '\\' ) {
+                m_os << "\\\\";
+            } else if ( c == '\b' ) {
+                m_os << "\\b";
+            } else if ( c == '\f' ) {
+                m_os << "\\f";
+            } else if ( c == '\n' ) {
+                m_os << "\\n";
+            } else if ( c == '\r' ) {
+                m_os << "\\r";
+            } else if ( c == '\t' ) {
+                m_os << "\\t";
+            } else {
+                m_os << c;
+            }
+        }
+        if ( quote ) { m_os << '"'; }
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    auto operator << (std::ostream& os, LazyExpression const& lazyExpr) -> std::ostream& {
+        if (lazyExpr.m_isNegated)
+            os << '!';
+
+        if (lazyExpr) {
+            if (lazyExpr.m_isNegated && lazyExpr.m_transientExpression->isBinaryExpression())
+                os << '(' << *lazyExpr.m_transientExpression << ')';
+            else
+                os << *lazyExpr.m_transientExpression;
+        } else {
+            os << "{** error - unchecked empty expression requested **}";
+        }
+        return os;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_CRTDBG
+#include <crtdbg.h>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    LeakDetector::LeakDetector() {
+        int flag = _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG);
+        flag |= _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF;
+        flag |= _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF;
+        _CrtSetDbgFlag(flag);
+        _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE | _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG);
+        _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_WARN, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR);
+        // Change this to leaking allocation's number to break there
+        _CrtSetBreakAlloc(-1);
+    }
+}
+
+#else // ^^ Windows crt debug heap enabled // Windows crt debug heap disabled vv
+
+    Catch::LeakDetector::LeakDetector() = default;
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_CRTDBG
+
+Catch::LeakDetector::~LeakDetector() {
+    Catch::cleanUp();
+}
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace {
+
+        void listTests(IEventListener& reporter, IConfig const& config) {
+            auto const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
+            auto matchedTestCases = filterTests(getAllTestCasesSorted(config), testSpec, config);
+            reporter.listTests(matchedTestCases);
+        }
+
+        void listTags(IEventListener& reporter, IConfig const& config) {
+            auto const& testSpec = config.testSpec();
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> matchedTestCases = filterTests(getAllTestCasesSorted(config), testSpec, config);
+
+            std::map<StringRef, TagInfo, Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess> tagCounts;
+            for (auto const& testCase : matchedTestCases) {
+                for (auto const& tagName : testCase.getTestCaseInfo().tags) {
+                    auto it = tagCounts.find(tagName.original);
+                    if (it == tagCounts.end())
+                        it = tagCounts.insert(std::make_pair(tagName.original, TagInfo())).first;
+                    it->second.add(tagName.original);
+                }
+            }
+
+            std::vector<TagInfo> infos; infos.reserve(tagCounts.size());
+            for (auto& tagc : tagCounts) {
+                infos.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(tagc.second));
+            }
+
+            reporter.listTags(infos);
+        }
+
+        void listReporters(IEventListener& reporter) {
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> descriptions;
+
+            auto const& factories = getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getFactories();
+            descriptions.reserve(factories.size());
+            for (auto const& fac : factories) {
+                descriptions.push_back({ fac.first, fac.second->getDescription() });
+            }
+
+            reporter.listReporters(descriptions);
+        }
+
+        void listListeners(IEventListener& reporter) {
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> descriptions;
+
+            auto const& factories =
+                getRegistryHub().getReporterRegistry().getListeners();
+            descriptions.reserve( factories.size() );
+            for ( auto const& fac : factories ) {
+                descriptions.push_back( { fac->getName(), fac->getDescription() } );
+            }
+
+            reporter.listListeners( descriptions );
+        }
+
+    } // end anonymous namespace
+
+    void TagInfo::add( StringRef spelling ) {
+        ++count;
+        spellings.insert( spelling );
+    }
+
+    std::string TagInfo::all() const {
+        // 2 per tag for brackets '[' and ']'
+        size_t size =  spellings.size() * 2;
+        for (auto const& spelling : spellings) {
+            size += spelling.size();
+        }
+
+        std::string out; out.reserve(size);
+        for (auto const& spelling : spellings) {
+            out += '[';
+            out += spelling;
+            out += ']';
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    bool list( IEventListener& reporter, Config const& config ) {
+        bool listed = false;
+        if (config.listTests()) {
+            listed = true;
+            listTests(reporter, config);
+        }
+        if (config.listTags()) {
+            listed = true;
+            listTags(reporter, config);
+        }
+        if (config.listReporters()) {
+            listed = true;
+            listReporters(reporter);
+        }
+        if ( config.listListeners() ) {
+            listed = true;
+            listListeners( reporter );
+        }
+        return listed;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
+    static LeakDetector leakDetector;
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+}
+
+// Allow users of amalgamated .cpp file to remove our main and provide their own.
+#if !defined(CATCH_AMALGAMATED_CUSTOM_MAIN)
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS) && defined(_UNICODE) && !defined(DO_NOT_USE_WMAIN)
+// Standard C/C++ Win32 Unicode wmain entry point
+extern "C" int __cdecl wmain (int argc, wchar_t * argv[], wchar_t * []) {
+#else
+// Standard C/C++ main entry point
+int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
+#endif
+
+    // We want to force the linker not to discard the global variable
+    // and its constructor, as it (optionally) registers leak detector
+    (void)&Catch::leakDetector;
+
+    return Catch::Session().run( argc, argv );
+}
+
+#endif // !defined(CATCH_AMALGAMATED_CUSTOM_MAIN
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    MessageInfo::MessageInfo(   StringRef _macroName,
+                                SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                                ResultWas::OfType _type )
+    :   macroName( _macroName ),
+        lineInfo( _lineInfo ),
+        type( _type ),
+        sequence( ++globalCount )
+    {}
+
+    // This may need protecting if threading support is added
+    unsigned int MessageInfo::globalCount = 0;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE )
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+#        include <io.h> //_dup and _dup2
+#        define dup _dup
+#        define dup2 _dup2
+#        define fileno _fileno
+#    else
+#        include <unistd.h> // dup and dup2
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        //! A no-op implementation, used if no reporter wants output
+        //! redirection.
+        class NoopRedirect : public OutputRedirect {
+            void activateImpl() override {}
+            void deactivateImpl() override {}
+            std::string getStdout() override { return {}; }
+            std::string getStderr() override { return {}; }
+            void clearBuffers() override {}
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Redirects specific stream's rdbuf with another's.
+         *
+         * Redirection can be stopped and started on-demand, assumes
+         * that the underlying stream's rdbuf aren't changed by other
+         * users.
+         */
+        class RedirectedStreamNew {
+            std::ostream& m_originalStream;
+            std::ostream& m_redirectionStream;
+            std::streambuf* m_prevBuf;
+
+        public:
+            RedirectedStreamNew( std::ostream& originalStream,
+                                 std::ostream& redirectionStream ):
+                m_originalStream( originalStream ),
+                m_redirectionStream( redirectionStream ),
+                m_prevBuf( m_originalStream.rdbuf() ) {}
+
+            void startRedirect() {
+                m_originalStream.rdbuf( m_redirectionStream.rdbuf() );
+            }
+            void stopRedirect() { m_originalStream.rdbuf( m_prevBuf ); }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Redirects the `std::cout`, `std::cerr`, `std::clog` streams,
+         * but does not touch the actual `stdout`/`stderr` file descriptors.
+         */
+        class StreamRedirect : public OutputRedirect {
+            ReusableStringStream m_redirectedOut, m_redirectedErr;
+            RedirectedStreamNew m_cout, m_cerr, m_clog;
+
+        public:
+            StreamRedirect():
+                m_cout( Catch::cout(), m_redirectedOut.get() ),
+                m_cerr( Catch::cerr(), m_redirectedErr.get() ),
+                m_clog( Catch::clog(), m_redirectedErr.get() ) {}
+
+            void activateImpl() override {
+                m_cout.startRedirect();
+                m_cerr.startRedirect();
+                m_clog.startRedirect();
+            }
+            void deactivateImpl() override {
+                m_cout.stopRedirect();
+                m_cerr.stopRedirect();
+                m_clog.stopRedirect();
+            }
+            std::string getStdout() override { return m_redirectedOut.str(); }
+            std::string getStderr() override { return m_redirectedErr.str(); }
+            void clearBuffers() override {
+                m_redirectedOut.str( "" );
+                m_redirectedErr.str( "" );
+            }
+        };
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE )
+
+        // Windows's implementation of std::tmpfile is terrible (it tries
+        // to create a file inside system folder, thus requiring elevated
+        // privileges for the binary), so we have to use tmpnam(_s) and
+        // create the file ourselves there.
+        class TempFile {
+        public:
+            TempFile( TempFile const& ) = delete;
+            TempFile& operator=( TempFile const& ) = delete;
+            TempFile( TempFile&& ) = delete;
+            TempFile& operator=( TempFile&& ) = delete;
+
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+            TempFile() {
+                if ( tmpnam_s( m_buffer ) ) {
+                    CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR( "Could not get a temp filename" );
+                }
+                if ( fopen_s( &m_file, m_buffer, "wb+" ) ) {
+                    char buffer[100];
+                    if ( strerror_s( buffer, errno ) ) {
+                        CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR(
+                            "Could not translate errno to a string" );
+                    }
+                    CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR( "Could not open the temp file: '"
+                                         << m_buffer
+                                         << "' because: " << buffer );
+                }
+            }
+#    else
+            TempFile() {
+                m_file = std::tmpfile();
+                if ( !m_file ) {
+                    CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR( "Could not create a temp file." );
+                }
+            }
+#    endif
+
+            ~TempFile() {
+                // TBD: What to do about errors here?
+                std::fclose( m_file );
+                // We manually create the file on Windows only, on Linux
+                // it will be autodeleted
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+                std::remove( m_buffer );
+#    endif
+            }
+
+            std::FILE* getFile() { return m_file; }
+            std::string getContents() {
+                ReusableStringStream sstr;
+                constexpr long buffer_size = 100;
+                char buffer[buffer_size + 1] = {};
+                long current_pos = ftell( m_file );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( current_pos >= 0,
+                               "ftell failed, errno: " << errno );
+                std::rewind( m_file );
+                while ( current_pos > 0 ) {
+                    auto read_characters =
+                        std::fread( buffer,
+                                    1,
+                                    std::min( buffer_size, current_pos ),
+                                    m_file );
+                    buffer[read_characters] = '\0';
+                    sstr << buffer;
+                    current_pos -= static_cast<long>( read_characters );
+                }
+                return sstr.str();
+            }
+
+            void clear() { std::rewind( m_file ); }
+
+        private:
+            std::FILE* m_file = nullptr;
+            char m_buffer[L_tmpnam] = { 0 };
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Redirects the actual `stdout`/`stderr` file descriptors.
+         *
+         * Works by replacing the file descriptors numbered 1 and 2
+         * with an open temporary file.
+         */
+        class FileRedirect : public OutputRedirect {
+            TempFile m_outFile, m_errFile;
+            int m_originalOut = -1;
+            int m_originalErr = -1;
+
+            // Flushes cout/cerr/clog streams and stdout/stderr FDs
+            void flushEverything() {
+                Catch::cout() << std::flush;
+                fflush( stdout );
+                // Since we support overriding these streams, we flush cerr
+                // even though std::cerr is unbuffered
+                Catch::cerr() << std::flush;
+                Catch::clog() << std::flush;
+                fflush( stderr );
+            }
+
+        public:
+            FileRedirect():
+                m_originalOut( dup( fileno( stdout ) ) ),
+                m_originalErr( dup( fileno( stderr ) ) ) {
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( m_originalOut >= 0, "Could not dup stdout" );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( m_originalErr >= 0, "Could not dup stderr" );
+            }
+
+            std::string getStdout() override { return m_outFile.getContents(); }
+            std::string getStderr() override { return m_errFile.getContents(); }
+            void clearBuffers() override {
+                m_outFile.clear();
+                m_errFile.clear();
+            }
+
+            void activateImpl() override {
+                // We flush before starting redirect, to ensure that we do
+                // not capture the end of message sent before activation.
+                flushEverything();
+
+                int ret;
+                ret = dup2( fileno( m_outFile.getFile() ), fileno( stdout ) );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( ret >= 0,
+                               "dup2 to stdout has failed, errno: " << errno );
+                ret = dup2( fileno( m_errFile.getFile() ), fileno( stderr ) );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( ret >= 0,
+                               "dup2 to stderr has failed, errno: " << errno );
+            }
+            void deactivateImpl() override {
+                // We flush before ending redirect, to ensure that we
+                // capture all messages sent while the redirect was active.
+                flushEverything();
+
+                int ret;
+                ret = dup2( m_originalOut, fileno( stdout ) );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE(
+                    ret >= 0,
+                    "dup2 of original stdout has failed, errno: " << errno );
+                ret = dup2( m_originalErr, fileno( stderr ) );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE(
+                    ret >= 0,
+                    "dup2 of original stderr has failed, errno: " << errno );
+            }
+        };
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
+
+    } // end namespace
+
+    bool isRedirectAvailable( OutputRedirect::Kind kind ) {
+        switch ( kind ) {
+        // These two are always available
+        case OutputRedirect::None:
+        case OutputRedirect::Streams:
+            return true;
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE )
+        case OutputRedirect::FileDescriptors:
+            return true;
+#endif
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<OutputRedirect> makeOutputRedirect( bool actual ) {
+        if ( actual ) {
+            // TODO: Clean this up later
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE )
+            return Detail::make_unique<FileRedirect>();
+#else
+            return Detail::make_unique<StreamRedirect>();
+#endif
+        } else {
+            return Detail::make_unique<NoopRedirect>();
+        }
+    }
+
+    RedirectGuard scopedActivate( OutputRedirect& redirectImpl ) {
+        return RedirectGuard( true, redirectImpl );
+    }
+
+    RedirectGuard scopedDeactivate( OutputRedirect& redirectImpl ) {
+        return RedirectGuard( false, redirectImpl );
+    }
+
+    OutputRedirect::~OutputRedirect() = default;
+
+    RedirectGuard::RedirectGuard( bool activate, OutputRedirect& redirectImpl ):
+        m_redirect( &redirectImpl ),
+        m_activate( activate ),
+        m_previouslyActive( redirectImpl.isActive() ) {
+
+        // Skip cases where there is no actual state change.
+        if ( m_activate == m_previouslyActive ) { return; }
+
+        if ( m_activate ) {
+            m_redirect->activate();
+        } else {
+            m_redirect->deactivate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    RedirectGuard::~RedirectGuard() noexcept( false ) {
+        if ( m_moved ) { return; }
+        // Skip cases where there is no actual state change.
+        if ( m_activate == m_previouslyActive ) { return; }
+
+        if ( m_activate ) {
+            m_redirect->deactivate();
+        } else {
+            m_redirect->activate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    RedirectGuard::RedirectGuard( RedirectGuard&& rhs ) noexcept:
+        m_redirect( rhs.m_redirect ),
+        m_activate( rhs.m_activate ),
+        m_previouslyActive( rhs.m_previouslyActive ),
+        m_moved( false ) {
+        rhs.m_moved = true;
+    }
+
+    RedirectGuard& RedirectGuard::operator=( RedirectGuard&& rhs ) noexcept {
+        m_redirect = rhs.m_redirect;
+        m_activate = rhs.m_activate;
+        m_previouslyActive = rhs.m_previouslyActive;
+        m_moved = false;
+        rhs.m_moved = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE )
+#    if defined( _MSC_VER )
+#        undef dup
+#        undef dup2
+#        undef fileno
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Optional<unsigned int> parseUInt(std::string const& input, int base) {
+        auto trimmed = trim( input );
+        // std::stoull is annoying and accepts numbers starting with '-',
+        // it just negates them into unsigned int
+        if ( trimmed.empty() || trimmed[0] == '-' ) {
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            size_t pos = 0;
+            const auto ret = std::stoull( trimmed, &pos, base );
+
+            // We did not consume the whole input, so there is an issue
+            // This can be bunch of different stuff, like multiple numbers
+            // in the input, or invalid digits/characters and so on. Either
+            // way, we do not want to return the partially parsed result.
+            if ( pos != trimmed.size() ) {
+                return {};
+            }
+            // Too large
+            if ( ret > std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max() ) {
+                return {};
+            }
+            return static_cast<unsigned int>(ret);
+        }
+        CATCH_CATCH_ANON( std::invalid_argument const& ) {
+            // no conversion could be performed
+        }
+        CATCH_CATCH_ANON( std::out_of_range const& ) {
+            // the input does not fit into an unsigned long long
+        }
+        return {};
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN)
+    bool isnan(float f) {
+        return std::isnan(f);
+    }
+    bool isnan(double d) {
+        return std::isnan(d);
+    }
+#else
+    // For now we only use this for embarcadero
+    bool isnan(float f) {
+        return std::_isnan(f);
+    }
+    bool isnan(double d) {
+        return std::_isnan(d);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER )
+    float nextafter( float x, float y ) { return std::nextafter( x, y ); }
+    double nextafter( double x, double y ) { return std::nextafter( x, y ); }
+#else
+    float nextafter( float x, float y ) { return ::nextafterf( x, y ); }
+    double nextafter( double x, double y ) { return ::nextafter( x, y ); }
+#endif
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace {
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4146) // we negate uint32 during the rotate
+#endif
+        // Safe rotr implementation thanks to John Regehr
+        uint32_t rotate_right(uint32_t val, uint32_t count) {
+            const uint32_t mask = 31;
+            count &= mask;
+            return (val >> count) | (val << (-count & mask));
+        }
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+}
+
+
+    SimplePcg32::SimplePcg32(result_type seed_) {
+        seed(seed_);
+    }
+
+
+    void SimplePcg32::seed(result_type seed_) {
+        m_state = 0;
+        (*this)();
+        m_state += seed_;
+        (*this)();
+    }
+
+    void SimplePcg32::discard(uint64_t skip) {
+        // We could implement this to run in O(log n) steps, but this
+        // should suffice for our use case.
+        for (uint64_t s = 0; s < skip; ++s) {
+            static_cast<void>((*this)());
+        }
+    }
+
+    SimplePcg32::result_type SimplePcg32::operator()() {
+        // prepare the output value
+        const uint32_t xorshifted = static_cast<uint32_t>(((m_state >> 18u) ^ m_state) >> 27u);
+        const auto output = rotate_right(xorshifted, m_state >> 59u);
+
+        // advance state
+        m_state = m_state * 6364136223846793005ULL + s_inc;
+
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_state == rhs.m_state;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs) {
+        return lhs.m_state != rhs.m_state;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <random>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    std::uint32_t generateRandomSeed( GenerateFrom from ) {
+        switch ( from ) {
+        case GenerateFrom::Time:
+            return static_cast<std::uint32_t>( std::time( nullptr ) );
+
+        case GenerateFrom::Default:
+        case GenerateFrom::RandomDevice: {
+            std::random_device rd;
+            return Detail::fillBitsFrom<std::uint32_t>( rd );
+        }
+
+        default:
+            CATCH_ERROR("Unknown generation method");
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    struct ReporterRegistry::ReporterRegistryImpl {
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory>> listeners;
+        std::map<std::string, IReporterFactoryPtr, Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess>
+            factories;
+    };
+
+    ReporterRegistry::ReporterRegistry():
+        m_impl( Detail::make_unique<ReporterRegistryImpl>() ) {
+        // Because it is impossible to move out of initializer list,
+        // we have to add the elements manually
+        m_impl->factories["Automake"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<AutomakeReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["compact"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<CompactReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["console"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<ConsoleReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["JUnit"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<JunitReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["SonarQube"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<SonarQubeReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["TAP"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<TAPReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["TeamCity"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<TeamCityReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["XML"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<XmlReporter>>();
+        m_impl->factories["JSON"] =
+            Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<JsonReporter>>();
+    }
+
+    ReporterRegistry::~ReporterRegistry() = default;
+
+    IEventListenerPtr
+    ReporterRegistry::create( std::string const& name,
+                              ReporterConfig&& config ) const {
+        auto it = m_impl->factories.find( name );
+        if ( it == m_impl->factories.end() ) return nullptr;
+        return it->second->create( CATCH_MOVE( config ) );
+    }
+
+    void ReporterRegistry::registerReporter( std::string const& name,
+                                             IReporterFactoryPtr factory ) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( name.find( "::" ) == name.npos,
+                       "'::' is not allowed in reporter name: '" + name +
+                           '\'' );
+        auto ret = m_impl->factories.emplace( name, CATCH_MOVE( factory ) );
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( ret.second,
+                       "reporter using '" + name +
+                           "' as name was already registered" );
+    }
+    void ReporterRegistry::registerListener(
+        Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory ) {
+        m_impl->listeners.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( factory ) );
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::string,
+             IReporterFactoryPtr,
+             Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess> const&
+    ReporterRegistry::getFactories() const {
+        return m_impl->factories;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory>> const&
+    ReporterRegistry::getListeners() const {
+        return m_impl->listeners;
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        struct kvPair {
+            StringRef key, value;
+        };
+
+        kvPair splitKVPair(StringRef kvString) {
+            auto splitPos = static_cast<size_t>(
+                std::find( kvString.begin(), kvString.end(), '=' ) -
+                kvString.begin() );
+
+            return { kvString.substr( 0, splitPos ),
+                     kvString.substr( splitPos + 1, kvString.size() ) };
+        }
+    }
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        std::vector<std::string> splitReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec ) {
+            static constexpr auto separator = "::";
+            static constexpr size_t separatorSize = 2;
+
+            size_t separatorPos = 0;
+            auto findNextSeparator = [&reporterSpec]( size_t startPos ) {
+                static_assert(
+                    separatorSize == 2,
+                    "The code below currently assumes 2 char separator" );
+
+                auto currentPos = startPos;
+                do {
+                    while ( currentPos < reporterSpec.size() &&
+                            reporterSpec[currentPos] != separator[0] ) {
+                        ++currentPos;
+                    }
+                    if ( currentPos + 1 < reporterSpec.size() &&
+                         reporterSpec[currentPos + 1] == separator[1] ) {
+                        return currentPos;
+                    }
+                    ++currentPos;
+                } while ( currentPos < reporterSpec.size() );
+
+                return static_cast<size_t>( -1 );
+            };
+
+            std::vector<std::string> parts;
+
+            while ( separatorPos < reporterSpec.size() ) {
+                const auto nextSeparator = findNextSeparator( separatorPos );
+                parts.push_back( static_cast<std::string>( reporterSpec.substr(
+                    separatorPos, nextSeparator - separatorPos ) ) );
+
+                if ( nextSeparator == static_cast<size_t>( -1 ) ) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                separatorPos = nextSeparator + separatorSize;
+            }
+
+            // Handle a separator at the end.
+            // This is not a valid spec, but we want to do validation in a
+            // centralized place
+            if ( separatorPos == reporterSpec.size() ) {
+                parts.emplace_back();
+            }
+
+            return parts;
+        }
+
+        Optional<ColourMode> stringToColourMode( StringRef colourMode ) {
+            if ( colourMode == "default" ) {
+                return ColourMode::PlatformDefault;
+            } else if ( colourMode == "ansi" ) {
+                return ColourMode::ANSI;
+            } else if ( colourMode == "win32" ) {
+                return ColourMode::Win32;
+            } else if ( colourMode == "none" ) {
+                return ColourMode::None;
+            } else {
+                return {};
+            }
+        }
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+
+    bool operator==( ReporterSpec const& lhs, ReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+        return lhs.m_name == rhs.m_name &&
+               lhs.m_outputFileName == rhs.m_outputFileName &&
+               lhs.m_colourMode == rhs.m_colourMode &&
+               lhs.m_customOptions == rhs.m_customOptions;
+    }
+
+    Optional<ReporterSpec> parseReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec ) {
+        auto parts = Detail::splitReporterSpec( reporterSpec );
+
+        assert( parts.size() > 0 && "Split should never return empty vector" );
+
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> kvPairs;
+        Optional<std::string> outputFileName;
+        Optional<ColourMode> colourMode;
+
+        // First part is always reporter name, so we skip it
+        for ( size_t i = 1; i < parts.size(); ++i ) {
+            auto kv = splitKVPair( parts[i] );
+            auto key = kv.key, value = kv.value;
+
+            if ( key.empty() || value.empty() ) { // NOLINT(bugprone-branch-clone)
+                return {};
+            } else if ( key[0] == 'X' ) {
+                // This is a reporter-specific option, we don't check these
+                // apart from basic sanity checks
+                if ( key.size() == 1 ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+
+                auto ret = kvPairs.emplace( std::string(kv.key), std::string(kv.value) );
+                if ( !ret.second ) {
+                    // Duplicated key. We might want to handle this differently,
+                    // e.g. by overwriting the existing value?
+                    return {};
+                }
+            } else if ( key == "out" ) {
+                // Duplicated key
+                if ( outputFileName ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+                outputFileName = static_cast<std::string>( value );
+            } else if ( key == "colour-mode" ) {
+                // Duplicated key
+                if ( colourMode ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+                colourMode = Detail::stringToColourMode( value );
+                // Parsing failed
+                if ( !colourMode ) {
+                    return {};
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Unrecognized option
+                return {};
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ReporterSpec{ CATCH_MOVE( parts[0] ),
+                             CATCH_MOVE( outputFileName ),
+                             CATCH_MOVE( colourMode ),
+                             CATCH_MOVE( kvPairs ) };
+    }
+
+ReporterSpec::ReporterSpec(
+        std::string name,
+        Optional<std::string> outputFileName,
+        Optional<ColourMode> colourMode,
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions ):
+        m_name( CATCH_MOVE( name ) ),
+        m_outputFileName( CATCH_MOVE( outputFileName ) ),
+        m_colourMode( CATCH_MOVE( colourMode ) ),
+        m_customOptions( CATCH_MOVE( customOptions ) ) {}
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // This class encapsulates the idea of a pool of ostringstreams that can be reused.
+    struct StringStreams {
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<std::ostringstream>> m_streams;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_unused;
+        std::ostringstream m_referenceStream; // Used for copy state/ flags from
+
+        auto add() -> std::size_t {
+            if( m_unused.empty() ) {
+                m_streams.push_back( Detail::make_unique<std::ostringstream>() );
+                return m_streams.size()-1;
+            }
+            else {
+                auto index = m_unused.back();
+                m_unused.pop_back();
+                return index;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void release( std::size_t index ) {
+            m_streams[index]->copyfmt( m_referenceStream ); // Restore initial flags and other state
+            m_unused.push_back(index);
+        }
+    };
+
+    ReusableStringStream::ReusableStringStream()
+    :   m_index( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().add() ),
+        m_oss( Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().m_streams[m_index].get() )
+    {}
+
+    ReusableStringStream::~ReusableStringStream() {
+        static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str("");
+        m_oss->clear();
+        Singleton<StringStreams>::getMutable().release( m_index );
+    }
+
+    std::string ReusableStringStream::str() const {
+        return static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str();
+    }
+
+    void ReusableStringStream::str( std::string const& str ) {
+        static_cast<std::ostringstream*>( m_oss )->str( str );
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Generators {
+        namespace {
+            struct GeneratorTracker final : TestCaseTracking::TrackerBase,
+                                      IGeneratorTracker {
+                GeneratorBasePtr m_generator;
+
+                GeneratorTracker(
+                    TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation,
+                    TrackerContext& ctx,
+                    ITracker* parent ):
+                    TrackerBase( CATCH_MOVE( nameAndLocation ), ctx, parent ) {}
+
+                static GeneratorTracker*
+                acquire( TrackerContext& ctx,
+                         TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef const&
+                             nameAndLocation ) {
+                    GeneratorTracker* tracker;
+
+                    ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
+                    // Under specific circumstances, the generator we want
+                    // to acquire is also the current tracker. If this is
+                    // the case, we have to avoid looking through current
+                    // tracker's children, and instead return the current
+                    // tracker.
+                    // A case where this check is important is e.g.
+                    //     for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+                    //         int n = GENERATE(1, 2);
+                    //     }
+                    //
+                    // without it, the code above creates 5 nested generators.
+                    if ( currentTracker.nameAndLocation() == nameAndLocation ) {
+                        auto thisTracker = currentTracker.parent()->findChild(
+                            nameAndLocation );
+                        assert( thisTracker );
+                        assert( thisTracker->isGeneratorTracker() );
+                        tracker = static_cast<GeneratorTracker*>( thisTracker );
+                    } else if ( ITracker* childTracker =
+                                    currentTracker.findChild(
+                                        nameAndLocation ) ) {
+                        assert( childTracker );
+                        assert( childTracker->isGeneratorTracker() );
+                        tracker =
+                            static_cast<GeneratorTracker*>( childTracker );
+                    } else {
+                        return nullptr;
+                    }
+
+                    if ( !tracker->isComplete() ) { tracker->open(); }
+
+                    return tracker;
+                }
+
+                // TrackerBase interface
+                bool isGeneratorTracker() const override { return true; }
+                auto hasGenerator() const -> bool override {
+                    return !!m_generator;
+                }
+                void close() override {
+                    TrackerBase::close();
+                    // If a generator has a child (it is followed by a section)
+                    // and none of its children have started, then we must wait
+                    // until later to start consuming its values.
+                    // This catches cases where `GENERATE` is placed between two
+                    // `SECTION`s.
+                    // **The check for m_children.empty cannot be removed**.
+                    // doing so would break `GENERATE` _not_ followed by
+                    // `SECTION`s.
+                    const bool should_wait_for_child = [&]() {
+                        // No children -> nobody to wait for
+                        if ( m_children.empty() ) { return false; }
+                        // If at least one child started executing, don't wait
+                        if ( std::find_if(
+                                 m_children.begin(),
+                                 m_children.end(),
+                                 []( TestCaseTracking::ITrackerPtr const&
+                                         tracker ) {
+                                     return tracker->hasStarted();
+                                 } ) != m_children.end() ) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        // No children have started. We need to check if they
+                        // _can_ start, and thus we should wait for them, or
+                        // they cannot start (due to filters), and we shouldn't
+                        // wait for them
+                        ITracker* parent = m_parent;
+                        // This is safe: there is always at least one section
+                        // tracker in a test case tracking tree
+                        while ( !parent->isSectionTracker() ) {
+                            parent = parent->parent();
+                        }
+                        assert( parent &&
+                                "Missing root (test case) level section" );
+
+                        auto const& parentSection =
+                            static_cast<SectionTracker const&>( *parent );
+                        auto const& filters = parentSection.getFilters();
+                        // No filters -> no restrictions on running sections
+                        if ( filters.empty() ) { return true; }
+
+                        for ( auto const& child : m_children ) {
+                            if ( child->isSectionTracker() &&
+                                 std::find( filters.begin(),
+                                            filters.end(),
+                                            static_cast<SectionTracker const&>(
+                                                *child )
+                                                .trimmedName() ) !=
+                                     filters.end() ) {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                    }();
+
+                    // This check is a bit tricky, because m_generator->next()
+                    // has a side-effect, where it consumes generator's current
+                    // value, but we do not want to invoke the side-effect if
+                    // this generator is still waiting for any child to start.
+                    assert( m_generator && "Tracker without generator" );
+                    if ( should_wait_for_child ||
+                         ( m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully &&
+                           m_generator->countedNext() ) ) {
+                        m_children.clear();
+                        m_runState = Executing;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // IGeneratorTracker interface
+                auto getGenerator() const -> GeneratorBasePtr const& override {
+                    return m_generator;
+                }
+                void setGenerator( GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) override {
+                    m_generator = CATCH_MOVE( generator );
+                }
+            };
+        } // namespace
+    }
+
+    RunContext::RunContext(IConfig const* _config, IEventListenerPtr&& reporter)
+    :   m_runInfo(_config->name()),
+        m_config(_config),
+        m_reporter(CATCH_MOVE(reporter)),
+        m_lastAssertionInfo{ StringRef(), SourceLineInfo("",0), StringRef(), ResultDisposition::Normal },
+        m_outputRedirect( makeOutputRedirect( m_reporter->getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut ) ),
+        m_includeSuccessfulResults( m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || m_reporter->getPreferences().shouldReportAllAssertions )
+    {
+        getCurrentMutableContext().setResultCapture( this );
+        m_reporter->testRunStarting(m_runInfo);
+    }
+
+    RunContext::~RunContext() {
+        m_reporter->testRunEnded(TestRunStats(m_runInfo, m_totals, aborting()));
+    }
+
+    Totals RunContext::runTest(TestCaseHandle const& testCase) {
+        const Totals prevTotals = m_totals;
+
+        auto const& testInfo = testCase.getTestCaseInfo();
+        m_reporter->testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+        testCase.prepareTestCase();
+        m_activeTestCase = &testCase;
+
+
+        ITracker& rootTracker = m_trackerContext.startRun();
+        assert(rootTracker.isSectionTracker());
+        static_cast<SectionTracker&>(rootTracker).addInitialFilters(m_config->getSectionsToRun());
+
+        // We intentionally only seed the internal RNG once per test case,
+        // before it is first invoked. The reason for that is a complex
+        // interplay of generator/section implementation details and the
+        // Random*Generator types.
+        //
+        // The issue boils down to us needing to seed the Random*Generators
+        // with different seed each, so that they return different sequences
+        // of random numbers. We do this by giving them a number from the
+        // shared RNG instance as their seed.
+        //
+        // However, this runs into an issue if the reseeding happens each
+        // time the test case is entered (as opposed to first time only),
+        // because multiple generators could get the same seed, e.g. in
+        // ```cpp
+        // TEST_CASE() {
+        //     auto i = GENERATE(take(10, random(0, 100));
+        //     SECTION("A") {
+        //         auto j = GENERATE(take(10, random(0, 100));
+        //     }
+        //     SECTION("B") {
+        //         auto k = GENERATE(take(10, random(0, 100));
+        //     }
+        // }
+        // ```
+        // `i` and `j` would properly return values from different sequences,
+        // but `i` and `k` would return the same sequence, because their seed
+        // would be the same.
+        // (The reason their seeds would be the same is that the generator
+        //  for k would be initialized when the test case is entered the second
+        //  time, after the shared RNG instance was reset to the same value
+        //  it had when the generator for i was initialized.)
+        seedRng( *m_config );
+
+        uint64_t testRuns = 0;
+        std::string redirectedCout;
+        std::string redirectedCerr;
+        do {
+            m_trackerContext.startCycle();
+            m_testCaseTracker = &SectionTracker::acquire(m_trackerContext, TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef(testInfo.name, testInfo.lineInfo));
+
+            m_reporter->testCasePartialStarting(testInfo, testRuns);
+
+            const auto beforeRunTotals = m_totals;
+            runCurrentTest();
+            std::string oneRunCout = m_outputRedirect->getStdout();
+            std::string oneRunCerr = m_outputRedirect->getStderr();
+            m_outputRedirect->clearBuffers();
+            redirectedCout += oneRunCout;
+            redirectedCerr += oneRunCerr;
+
+            const auto singleRunTotals = m_totals.delta(beforeRunTotals);
+            auto statsForOneRun = TestCaseStats(testInfo, singleRunTotals, CATCH_MOVE(oneRunCout), CATCH_MOVE(oneRunCerr), aborting());
+            m_reporter->testCasePartialEnded(statsForOneRun, testRuns);
+
+            ++testRuns;
+        } while (!m_testCaseTracker->isSuccessfullyCompleted() && !aborting());
+
+        Totals deltaTotals = m_totals.delta(prevTotals);
+        if (testInfo.expectedToFail() && deltaTotals.testCases.passed > 0) {
+            deltaTotals.assertions.failed++;
+            deltaTotals.testCases.passed--;
+            deltaTotals.testCases.failed++;
+        }
+        m_totals.testCases += deltaTotals.testCases;
+        testCase.tearDownTestCase();
+        m_reporter->testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats(testInfo,
+                                  deltaTotals,
+                                  CATCH_MOVE(redirectedCout),
+                                  CATCH_MOVE(redirectedCerr),
+                                  aborting()));
+
+        m_activeTestCase = nullptr;
+        m_testCaseTracker = nullptr;
+
+        return deltaTotals;
+    }
+
+
+    void RunContext::assertionEnded(AssertionResult&& result) {
+        if (result.getResultType() == ResultWas::Ok) {
+            m_totals.assertions.passed++;
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        } else if (result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip) {
+            m_totals.assertions.skipped++;
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        } else if (!result.succeeded()) {
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = false;
+            if (result.isOk()) {
+            }
+            else if( m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo().okToFail() )
+                m_totals.assertions.failedButOk++;
+            else
+                m_totals.assertions.failed++;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        }
+
+        {
+            auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+            m_reporter->assertionEnded( AssertionStats( result, m_messages, m_totals ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning ) {
+            m_messageScopes.clear();
+        }
+
+        // Reset working state. assertion info will be reset after
+        // populateReaction is run if it is needed
+        m_lastResult = CATCH_MOVE( result );
+    }
+    void RunContext::resetAssertionInfo() {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.macroName = StringRef();
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.capturedExpression = "{Unknown expression after the reported line}"_sr;
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition = ResultDisposition::Normal;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::notifyAssertionStarted( AssertionInfo const& info ) {
+        auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+        m_reporter->assertionStarting( info );
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::sectionStarted( StringRef sectionName,
+                                     SourceLineInfo const& sectionLineInfo,
+                                     Counts& assertions ) {
+        ITracker& sectionTracker =
+            SectionTracker::acquire( m_trackerContext,
+                                     TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef(
+                                         sectionName, sectionLineInfo ) );
+
+        if (!sectionTracker.isOpen())
+            return false;
+        m_activeSections.push_back(&sectionTracker);
+
+        SectionInfo sectionInfo( sectionLineInfo, static_cast<std::string>(sectionName) );
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo = sectionInfo.lineInfo;
+
+        {
+            auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+            m_reporter->sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        }
+
+        assertions = m_totals.assertions;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+    IGeneratorTracker*
+    RunContext::acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                         SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) {
+        using namespace Generators;
+        GeneratorTracker* tracker = GeneratorTracker::acquire(
+            m_trackerContext,
+            TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocationRef(
+                 generatorName, lineInfo ) );
+        m_lastAssertionInfo.lineInfo = lineInfo;
+        return tracker;
+    }
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* RunContext::createGeneratorTracker(
+        StringRef generatorName,
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+        Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) {
+
+        auto nameAndLoc = TestCaseTracking::NameAndLocation( static_cast<std::string>( generatorName ), lineInfo );
+        auto& currentTracker = m_trackerContext.currentTracker();
+        assert(
+            currentTracker.nameAndLocation() != nameAndLoc &&
+            "Trying to create tracker for a genreator that already has one" );
+
+        auto newTracker = Catch::Detail::make_unique<Generators::GeneratorTracker>(
+            CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLoc), m_trackerContext, &currentTracker );
+        auto ret = newTracker.get();
+        currentTracker.addChild( CATCH_MOVE( newTracker ) );
+
+        ret->setGenerator( CATCH_MOVE( generator ) );
+        ret->open();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::testForMissingAssertions(Counts& assertions) {
+        if (assertions.total() != 0)
+            return false;
+        if (!m_config->warnAboutMissingAssertions())
+            return false;
+        if (m_trackerContext.currentTracker().hasChildren())
+            return false;
+        m_totals.assertions.failed++;
+        assertions.failed++;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::sectionEnded(SectionEndInfo&& endInfo) {
+        Counts assertions = m_totals.assertions - endInfo.prevAssertions;
+        bool missingAssertions = testForMissingAssertions(assertions);
+
+        if (!m_activeSections.empty()) {
+            m_activeSections.back()->close();
+            m_activeSections.pop_back();
+        }
+
+        {
+            auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+            m_reporter->sectionEnded(
+                SectionStats( CATCH_MOVE( endInfo.sectionInfo ),
+                              assertions,
+                              endInfo.durationInSeconds,
+                              missingAssertions ) );
+        }
+
+        m_messages.clear();
+        m_messageScopes.clear();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::sectionEndedEarly(SectionEndInfo&& endInfo) {
+        if ( m_unfinishedSections.empty() ) {
+            m_activeSections.back()->fail();
+        } else {
+            m_activeSections.back()->close();
+        }
+        m_activeSections.pop_back();
+
+        m_unfinishedSections.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(endInfo));
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+        auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+        m_reporter->benchmarkPreparing( name );
+    }
+    void RunContext::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) {
+        auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+        m_reporter->benchmarkStarting( info );
+    }
+    void RunContext::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) {
+        auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+        m_reporter->benchmarkEnded( stats );
+    }
+    void RunContext::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) {
+        auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+        m_reporter->benchmarkFailed( error );
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::pushScopedMessage(MessageInfo const & message) {
+        m_messages.push_back(message);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::popScopedMessage(MessageInfo const & message) {
+        m_messages.erase(std::remove(m_messages.begin(), m_messages.end(), message), m_messages.end());
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ) {
+        m_messageScopes.emplace_back( CATCH_MOVE(builder) );
+    }
+
+    std::string RunContext::getCurrentTestName() const {
+        return m_activeTestCase
+            ? m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo().name
+            : std::string();
+    }
+
+    const AssertionResult * RunContext::getLastResult() const {
+        return &(*m_lastResult);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::exceptionEarlyReported() {
+        m_shouldReportUnexpected = false;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) {
+        // TODO: scoped deactivate here? Just give up and do best effort?
+        //       the deactivation can break things further, OTOH so can the
+        //       capture
+        auto _ = scopedDeactivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+
+        // First notify reporter that bad things happened
+        m_reporter->fatalErrorEncountered( message );
+
+        // Don't rebuild the result -- the stringification itself can cause more fatal errors
+        // Instead, fake a result data.
+        AssertionResultData tempResult( ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition, { false } );
+        tempResult.message = static_cast<std::string>(message);
+        AssertionResult result(m_lastAssertionInfo, CATCH_MOVE(tempResult));
+
+        assertionEnded(CATCH_MOVE(result) );
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+
+        // Best effort cleanup for sections that have not been destructed yet
+        // Since this is a fatal error, we have not had and won't have the opportunity to destruct them properly
+        while (!m_activeSections.empty()) {
+            auto nl = m_activeSections.back()->nameAndLocation();
+            SectionEndInfo endInfo{ SectionInfo(CATCH_MOVE(nl.location), CATCH_MOVE(nl.name)), {}, 0.0 };
+            sectionEndedEarly(CATCH_MOVE(endInfo));
+        }
+        handleUnfinishedSections();
+
+        // Recreate section for test case (as we will lose the one that was in scope)
+        auto const& testCaseInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name);
+
+        Counts assertions;
+        assertions.failed = 1;
+        SectionStats testCaseSectionStats(CATCH_MOVE(testCaseSection), assertions, 0, false);
+        m_reporter->sectionEnded( testCaseSectionStats );
+
+        auto const& testInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+
+        Totals deltaTotals;
+        deltaTotals.testCases.failed = 1;
+        deltaTotals.assertions.failed = 1;
+        m_reporter->testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats(testInfo,
+                                  deltaTotals,
+                                  std::string(),
+                                  std::string(),
+                                  false));
+        m_totals.testCases.failed++;
+        m_reporter->testRunEnded(TestRunStats(m_runInfo, m_totals, false));
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::lastAssertionPassed() {
+         return m_lastAssertionPassed;
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::assertionPassed() {
+        m_lastAssertionPassed = true;
+        ++m_totals.assertions.passed;
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+        m_messageScopes.clear();
+    }
+
+    bool RunContext::aborting() const {
+        return m_totals.assertions.failed >= static_cast<std::size_t>(m_config->abortAfter());
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::runCurrentTest() {
+        auto const& testCaseInfo = m_activeTestCase->getTestCaseInfo();
+        SectionInfo testCaseSection(testCaseInfo.lineInfo, testCaseInfo.name);
+        m_reporter->sectionStarting(testCaseSection);
+        Counts prevAssertions = m_totals.assertions;
+        double duration = 0;
+        m_shouldReportUnexpected = true;
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = { "TEST_CASE"_sr, testCaseInfo.lineInfo, StringRef(), ResultDisposition::Normal };
+
+        Timer timer;
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            {
+                auto _ = scopedActivate( *m_outputRedirect );
+                timer.start();
+                invokeActiveTestCase();
+            }
+            duration = timer.getElapsedSeconds();
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ANON (TestFailureException&) {
+            // This just means the test was aborted due to failure
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ANON (TestSkipException&) {
+            // This just means the test was explicitly skipped
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // Under CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE, unexpected exceptions under REQUIRE assertions
+            // are reported without translation at the point of origin.
+            if( m_shouldReportUnexpected ) {
+                AssertionReaction dummyReaction;
+                handleUnexpectedInflightException( m_lastAssertionInfo, translateActiveException(), dummyReaction );
+            }
+        }
+        Counts assertions = m_totals.assertions - prevAssertions;
+        bool missingAssertions = testForMissingAssertions(assertions);
+
+        m_testCaseTracker->close();
+        handleUnfinishedSections();
+        m_messages.clear();
+        m_messageScopes.clear();
+
+        SectionStats testCaseSectionStats(CATCH_MOVE(testCaseSection), assertions, duration, missingAssertions);
+        m_reporter->sectionEnded(testCaseSectionStats);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::invokeActiveTestCase() {
+        // We need to engage a handler for signals/structured exceptions
+        // before running the tests themselves, or the binary can crash
+        // without failed test being reported.
+        FatalConditionHandlerGuard _(&m_fatalConditionhandler);
+        // We keep having issue where some compilers warn about an unused
+        // variable, even though the type has non-trivial constructor and
+        // destructor. This is annoying and ugly, but it makes them stfu.
+        (void)_;
+
+        m_activeTestCase->invoke();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleUnfinishedSections() {
+        // If sections ended prematurely due to an exception we stored their
+        // infos here so we can tear them down outside the unwind process.
+        for ( auto it = m_unfinishedSections.rbegin(),
+                   itEnd = m_unfinishedSections.rend();
+              it != itEnd;
+              ++it ) {
+            sectionEnded( CATCH_MOVE( *it ) );
+        }
+        m_unfinishedSections.clear();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleExpr(
+        AssertionInfo const& info,
+        ITransientExpression const& expr,
+        AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        bool negated = isFalseTest( info.resultDisposition );
+        bool result = expr.getResult() != negated;
+
+        if( result ) {
+            if (!m_includeSuccessfulResults) {
+                assertionPassed();
+            }
+            else {
+                reportExpr(info, ResultWas::Ok, &expr, negated);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            reportExpr(info, ResultWas::ExpressionFailed, &expr, negated );
+            populateReaction( reaction );
+        }
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+    void RunContext::reportExpr(
+            AssertionInfo const &info,
+            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+            ITransientExpression const *expr,
+            bool negated ) {
+
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( negated ) );
+
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+        assertionResult.m_resultData.lazyExpression.m_transientExpression = expr;
+
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleMessage(
+            AssertionInfo const& info,
+            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+            std::string&& message,
+            AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        data.message = CATCH_MOVE( message );
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ m_lastAssertionInfo,
+                                         CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+
+        const auto isOk = assertionResult.isOk();
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        if ( !isOk ) {
+            populateReaction( reaction );
+        } else if ( resultType == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            // TODO: Need to handle this explicitly, as ExplicitSkip is
+            // considered "OK"
+            reaction.shouldSkip = true;
+        }
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+    void RunContext::handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(
+            AssertionInfo const& info,
+            AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        handleNonExpr(info, Catch::ResultWas::DidntThrowException, reaction);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleUnexpectedInflightException(
+            AssertionInfo const& info,
+            std::string&& message,
+            AssertionReaction& reaction
+    ) {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( ResultWas::ThrewException, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        data.message = CATCH_MOVE(message);
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE(data) };
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        populateReaction( reaction );
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::populateReaction( AssertionReaction& reaction ) {
+        reaction.shouldDebugBreak = m_config->shouldDebugBreak();
+        reaction.shouldThrow = aborting() || (m_lastAssertionInfo.resultDisposition & ResultDisposition::Normal);
+    }
+
+    void RunContext::handleIncomplete(
+            AssertionInfo const& info
+    ) {
+        using namespace std::string_literals;
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( ResultWas::ThrewException, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        data.message = "Exception translation was disabled by CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE"s;
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+    void RunContext::handleNonExpr(
+            AssertionInfo const &info,
+            ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+            AssertionReaction &reaction
+    ) {
+        m_lastAssertionInfo = info;
+
+        AssertionResultData data( resultType, LazyExpression( false ) );
+        AssertionResult assertionResult{ info, CATCH_MOVE( data ) };
+
+        const auto isOk = assertionResult.isOk();
+        assertionEnded( CATCH_MOVE(assertionResult) );
+        if ( !isOk ) { populateReaction( reaction ); }
+        resetAssertionInfo();
+    }
+
+
+    IResultCapture& getResultCapture() {
+        if (auto* capture = getCurrentContext().getResultCapture())
+            return *capture;
+        else
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("No result capture instance");
+    }
+
+    void seedRng(IConfig const& config) {
+        sharedRng().seed(config.rngSeed());
+    }
+
+    unsigned int rngSeed() {
+        return getCurrentContext().getConfig()->rngSeed();
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    Section::Section( SectionInfo&& info ):
+        m_info( CATCH_MOVE( info ) ),
+        m_sectionIncluded(
+            getResultCapture().sectionStarted( m_info.name, m_info.lineInfo, m_assertions ) ) {
+        // Non-"included" sections will not use the timing information
+        // anyway, so don't bother with the potential syscall.
+        if (m_sectionIncluded) {
+            m_timer.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Section::Section( SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                      StringRef _name,
+                      const char* const ):
+        m_info( { "invalid", static_cast<std::size_t>( -1 ) }, std::string{} ),
+        m_sectionIncluded(
+            getResultCapture().sectionStarted( _name, _lineInfo, m_assertions ) ) {
+        // We delay initialization the SectionInfo member until we know
+        // this section needs it, so we avoid allocating std::string for name.
+        // We also delay timer start to avoid the potential syscall unless we
+        // will actually use the result.
+        if ( m_sectionIncluded ) {
+            m_info.name = static_cast<std::string>( _name );
+            m_info.lineInfo = _lineInfo;
+            m_timer.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Section::~Section() {
+        if( m_sectionIncluded ) {
+            SectionEndInfo endInfo{ CATCH_MOVE(m_info), m_assertions, m_timer.getElapsedSeconds() };
+            if ( uncaught_exceptions() ) {
+                getResultCapture().sectionEndedEarly( CATCH_MOVE(endInfo) );
+            } else {
+                getResultCapture().sectionEnded( CATCH_MOVE( endInfo ) );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This indicates whether the section should be executed or not
+    Section::operator bool() const {
+        return m_sectionIncluded;
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static auto getSingletons() -> std::vector<ISingleton*>*& {
+            static std::vector<ISingleton*>* g_singletons = nullptr;
+            if( !g_singletons )
+                g_singletons = new std::vector<ISingleton*>();
+            return g_singletons;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ISingleton::~ISingleton() = default;
+
+    void addSingleton(ISingleton* singleton ) {
+        getSingletons()->push_back( singleton );
+    }
+    void cleanupSingletons() {
+        auto& singletons = getSingletons();
+        for( auto singleton : *singletons )
+            delete singleton;
+        delete singletons;
+        singletons = nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool SourceLineInfo::operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept {
+        return line == other.line && (file == other.file || std::strcmp(file, other.file) == 0);
+    }
+    bool SourceLineInfo::operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept {
+        // We can assume that the same file will usually have the same pointer.
+        // Thus, if the pointers are the same, there is no point in calling the strcmp
+        return line < other.line || ( line == other.line && file != other.file && (std::strcmp(file, other.file) < 0));
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, SourceLineInfo const& info ) {
+#ifndef __GNUG__
+        os << info.file << '(' << info.line << ')';
+#else
+        os << info.file << ':' << info.line;
+#endif
+        return os;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    void StartupExceptionRegistry::add( std::exception_ptr const& exception ) noexcept {
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            m_exceptions.push_back(exception);
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // If we run out of memory during start-up there's really not a lot more we can do about it
+            std::terminate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::exception_ptr> const& StartupExceptionRegistry::getExceptions() const noexcept {
+        return m_exceptions;
+    }
+#endif
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+// If you #define this you must implement these functions
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NOSTDOUT )
+    std::ostream& cout() { return std::cout; }
+    std::ostream& cerr() { return std::cerr; }
+    std::ostream& clog() { return std::clog; }
+#endif
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool startsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& prefix ) {
+        return s.size() >= prefix.size() && std::equal(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), s.begin());
+    }
+    bool startsWith( StringRef s, char prefix ) {
+        return !s.empty() && s[0] == prefix;
+    }
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& suffix ) {
+        return s.size() >= suffix.size() && std::equal(suffix.rbegin(), suffix.rend(), s.rbegin());
+    }
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, char suffix ) {
+        return !s.empty() && s[s.size()-1] == suffix;
+    }
+    bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix ) {
+        return s.find( infix ) != std::string::npos;
+    }
+    void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s ) {
+        for ( char& c : s ) {
+            c = toLower( c );
+        }
+    }
+    std::string toLower( std::string const& s ) {
+        std::string lc = s;
+        toLowerInPlace( lc );
+        return lc;
+    }
+    char toLower(char c) {
+        return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)));
+    }
+
+    std::string trim( std::string const& str ) {
+        static char const* whitespaceChars = "\n\r\t ";
+        std::string::size_type start = str.find_first_not_of( whitespaceChars );
+        std::string::size_type end = str.find_last_not_of( whitespaceChars );
+
+        return start != std::string::npos ? str.substr( start, 1+end-start ) : std::string();
+    }
+
+    StringRef trim(StringRef ref) {
+        const auto is_ws = [](char c) {
+            return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r';
+        };
+        size_t real_begin = 0;
+        while (real_begin < ref.size() && is_ws(ref[real_begin])) { ++real_begin; }
+        size_t real_end = ref.size();
+        while (real_end > real_begin && is_ws(ref[real_end - 1])) { --real_end; }
+
+        return ref.substr(real_begin, real_end - real_begin);
+    }
+
+    bool replaceInPlace( std::string& str, std::string const& replaceThis, std::string const& withThis ) {
+        std::size_t i = str.find( replaceThis );
+        if (i == std::string::npos) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        std::size_t copyBegin = 0;
+        std::string origStr = CATCH_MOVE(str);
+        str.clear();
+        // There is at least one replacement, so reserve with the best guess
+        // we can make without actually counting the number of occurences.
+        str.reserve(origStr.size() - replaceThis.size() + withThis.size());
+        do {
+            str.append(origStr, copyBegin, i-copyBegin );
+            str += withThis;
+            copyBegin = i + replaceThis.size();
+            if( copyBegin < origStr.size() )
+                i = origStr.find( replaceThis, copyBegin );
+            else
+                i = std::string::npos;
+        } while( i != std::string::npos );
+        if ( copyBegin < origStr.size() ) {
+            str.append(origStr, copyBegin, origStr.size() );
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<StringRef> splitStringRef( StringRef str, char delimiter ) {
+        std::vector<StringRef> subStrings;
+        std::size_t start = 0;
+        for(std::size_t pos = 0; pos < str.size(); ++pos ) {
+            if( str[pos] == delimiter ) {
+                if( pos - start > 1 )
+                    subStrings.push_back( str.substr( start, pos-start ) );
+                start = pos+1;
+            }
+        }
+        if( start < str.size() )
+            subStrings.push_back( str.substr( start, str.size()-start ) );
+        return subStrings;
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, pluralise const& pluraliser ) {
+        os << pluraliser.m_count << ' ' << pluraliser.m_label;
+        if( pluraliser.m_count != 1 )
+            os << 's';
+        return os;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    StringRef::StringRef( char const* rawChars ) noexcept
+    : StringRef( rawChars, std::strlen(rawChars) )
+    {}
+
+
+    bool StringRef::operator<(StringRef rhs) const noexcept {
+        if (m_size < rhs.m_size) {
+            return strncmp(m_start, rhs.m_start, m_size) <= 0;
+        }
+        return strncmp(m_start, rhs.m_start, rhs.m_size) < 0;
+    }
+
+    int StringRef::compare( StringRef rhs ) const {
+        auto cmpResult =
+            strncmp( m_start, rhs.m_start, std::min( m_size, rhs.m_size ) );
+
+        // This means that strncmp found a difference before the strings
+        // ended, and we can return it directly
+        if ( cmpResult != 0 ) {
+            return cmpResult;
+        }
+
+        // If strings are equal up to length, then their comparison results on
+        // their size
+        if ( m_size < rhs.m_size ) {
+            return -1;
+        } else if ( m_size > rhs.m_size ) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, StringRef str ) -> std::ostream& {
+        return os.write(str.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(str.size()));
+    }
+
+    std::string operator+(StringRef lhs, StringRef rhs) {
+        std::string ret;
+        ret.reserve(lhs.size() + rhs.size());
+        ret += lhs;
+        ret += rhs;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    auto operator+=( std::string& lhs, StringRef rhs ) -> std::string& {
+        lhs.append(rhs.data(), rhs.size());
+        return lhs;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    TagAliasRegistry::~TagAliasRegistry() = default;
+
+    TagAlias const* TagAliasRegistry::find( std::string const& alias ) const {
+        auto it = m_registry.find( alias );
+        if( it != m_registry.end() )
+            return &(it->second);
+        else
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::string TagAliasRegistry::expandAliases( std::string const& unexpandedTestSpec ) const {
+        std::string expandedTestSpec = unexpandedTestSpec;
+        for( auto const& registryKvp : m_registry ) {
+            std::size_t pos = expandedTestSpec.find( registryKvp.first );
+            if( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+                expandedTestSpec =  expandedTestSpec.substr( 0, pos ) +
+                                    registryKvp.second.tag +
+                                    expandedTestSpec.substr( pos + registryKvp.first.size() );
+            }
+        }
+        return expandedTestSpec;
+    }
+
+    void TagAliasRegistry::add( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( startsWith(alias, "[@") && endsWith(alias, ']'),
+                      "error: tag alias, '" << alias << "' is not of the form [@alias name].\n" << lineInfo );
+
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( m_registry.insert(std::make_pair(alias, TagAlias(tag, lineInfo))).second,
+                      "error: tag alias, '" << alias << "' already registered.\n"
+                      << "\tFirst seen at: " << find(alias)->lineInfo << "\n"
+                      << "\tRedefined at: " << lineInfo );
+    }
+
+    ITagAliasRegistry::~ITagAliasRegistry() = default;
+
+    ITagAliasRegistry const& ITagAliasRegistry::get() {
+        return getRegistryHub().getTagAliasRegistry();
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    TestCaseInfoHasher::TestCaseInfoHasher( hash_t seed ): m_seed( seed ) {}
+
+    uint32_t TestCaseInfoHasher::operator()( TestCaseInfo const& t ) const {
+        // FNV-1a hash algorithm that is designed for uniqueness:
+        const hash_t prime = 1099511628211u;
+        hash_t hash = 14695981039346656037u;
+        for ( const char c : t.name ) {
+            hash ^= c;
+            hash *= prime;
+        }
+        for ( const char c : t.className ) {
+            hash ^= c;
+            hash *= prime;
+        }
+        for ( const Tag& tag : t.tags ) {
+            for ( const char c : tag.original ) {
+                hash ^= c;
+                hash *= prime;
+            }
+        }
+        hash ^= m_seed;
+        hash *= prime;
+        const uint32_t low{ static_cast<uint32_t>( hash ) };
+        const uint32_t high{ static_cast<uint32_t>( hash >> 32 ) };
+        return low * high;
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        static void enforceNoDuplicateTestCases(
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) {
+            auto testInfoCmp = []( TestCaseInfo const* lhs,
+                                   TestCaseInfo const* rhs ) {
+                return *lhs < *rhs;
+            };
+            std::set<TestCaseInfo const*, decltype( testInfoCmp )&> seenTests(
+                testInfoCmp );
+            for ( auto const& test : tests ) {
+                const auto infoPtr = &test.getTestCaseInfo();
+                const auto prev = seenTests.insert( infoPtr );
+                CATCH_ENFORCE( prev.second,
+                               "error: test case \""
+                                   << infoPtr->name << "\", with tags \""
+                                   << infoPtr->tagsAsString()
+                                   << "\" already defined.\n"
+                                   << "\tFirst seen at "
+                                   << ( *prev.first )->lineInfo << "\n"
+                                   << "\tRedefined at " << infoPtr->lineInfo );
+            }
+        }
+
+        static bool matchTest( TestCaseHandle const& testCase,
+                               TestSpec const& testSpec,
+                               IConfig const& config ) {
+            return testSpec.matches( testCase.getTestCaseInfo() ) &&
+                   isThrowSafe( testCase, config );
+        }
+
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& unsortedTestCases ) {
+        switch (config.runOrder()) {
+        case TestRunOrder::Declared:
+            return unsortedTestCases;
+
+        case TestRunOrder::LexicographicallySorted: {
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> sorted = unsortedTestCases;
+            std::sort(
+                sorted.begin(),
+                sorted.end(),
+                []( TestCaseHandle const& lhs, TestCaseHandle const& rhs ) {
+                    return lhs.getTestCaseInfo() < rhs.getTestCaseInfo();
+                }
+            );
+            return sorted;
+        }
+        case TestRunOrder::Randomized: {
+            using TestWithHash = std::pair<TestCaseInfoHasher::hash_t, TestCaseHandle>;
+
+            TestCaseInfoHasher h{ config.rngSeed() };
+            std::vector<TestWithHash> indexed_tests;
+            indexed_tests.reserve(unsortedTestCases.size());
+
+            for (auto const& handle : unsortedTestCases) {
+                indexed_tests.emplace_back(h(handle.getTestCaseInfo()), handle);
+            }
+
+            std::sort( indexed_tests.begin(),
+                       indexed_tests.end(),
+                       []( TestWithHash const& lhs, TestWithHash const& rhs ) {
+                           if ( lhs.first == rhs.first ) {
+                               return lhs.second.getTestCaseInfo() <
+                                      rhs.second.getTestCaseInfo();
+                           }
+                           return lhs.first < rhs.first;
+                       } );
+
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle> randomized;
+            randomized.reserve(indexed_tests.size());
+
+            for (auto const& indexed : indexed_tests) {
+                randomized.push_back(indexed.second);
+            }
+
+            return randomized;
+        }
+        }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Unknown test order value!");
+    }
+
+    bool isThrowSafe( TestCaseHandle const& testCase, IConfig const& config ) {
+        return !testCase.getTestCaseInfo().throws() || config.allowThrows();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> filterTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config ) {
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> filtered;
+        filtered.reserve( testCases.size() );
+        for (auto const& testCase : testCases) {
+            if ((!testSpec.hasFilters() && !testCase.getTestCaseInfo().isHidden()) ||
+                (testSpec.hasFilters() && matchTest(testCase, testSpec, config))) {
+                filtered.push_back(testCase);
+            }
+        }
+        return createShard(filtered, config.shardCount(), config.shardIndex());
+    }
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestCasesSorted( IConfig const& config ) {
+        return getRegistryHub().getTestCaseRegistry().getAllTestsSorted( config );
+    }
+
+    TestRegistry::~TestRegistry() = default;
+
+    void TestRegistry::registerTest(Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo> testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> testInvoker) {
+        m_handles.emplace_back(testInfo.get(), testInvoker.get());
+        m_viewed_test_infos.push_back(testInfo.get());
+        m_owned_test_infos.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(testInfo));
+        m_invokers.push_back(CATCH_MOVE(testInvoker));
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseInfo*> const& TestRegistry::getAllInfos() const {
+        return m_viewed_test_infos;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& TestRegistry::getAllTests() const {
+        return m_handles;
+    }
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& TestRegistry::getAllTestsSorted( IConfig const& config ) const {
+        if( m_sortedFunctions.empty() )
+            enforceNoDuplicateTestCases( m_handles );
+
+        if(  m_currentSortOrder != config.runOrder() || m_sortedFunctions.empty() ) {
+            m_sortedFunctions = sortTests( config, m_handles );
+            m_currentSortOrder = config.runOrder();
+        }
+        return m_sortedFunctions;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace TestCaseTracking {
+
+    NameAndLocation::NameAndLocation( std::string&& _name, SourceLineInfo const& _location )
+    :   name( CATCH_MOVE(_name) ),
+        location( _location )
+    {}
+
+
+    ITracker::~ITracker() = default;
+
+    void ITracker::markAsNeedingAnotherRun() {
+        m_runState = NeedsAnotherRun;
+    }
+
+    void ITracker::addChild( ITrackerPtr&& child ) {
+        m_children.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(child) );
+    }
+
+    ITracker* ITracker::findChild( NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation ) {
+        auto it = std::find_if(
+            m_children.begin(),
+            m_children.end(),
+            [&nameAndLocation]( ITrackerPtr const& tracker ) {
+                auto const& tnameAndLoc = tracker->nameAndLocation();
+                if ( tnameAndLoc.location.line !=
+                     nameAndLocation.location.line ) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return tnameAndLoc == nameAndLocation;
+            } );
+        return ( it != m_children.end() ) ? it->get() : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool ITracker::isSectionTracker() const { return false; }
+    bool ITracker::isGeneratorTracker() const { return false; }
+
+    bool ITracker::isOpen() const {
+        return m_runState != NotStarted && !isComplete();
+    }
+
+    bool ITracker::hasStarted() const { return m_runState != NotStarted; }
+
+    void ITracker::openChild() {
+        if (m_runState != ExecutingChildren) {
+            m_runState = ExecutingChildren;
+            if (m_parent) {
+                m_parent->openChild();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ITracker& TrackerContext::startRun() {
+        using namespace std::string_literals;
+        m_rootTracker = Catch::Detail::make_unique<SectionTracker>(
+            NameAndLocation( "{root}"s, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ),
+            *this,
+            nullptr );
+        m_currentTracker = nullptr;
+        m_runState = Executing;
+        return *m_rootTracker;
+    }
+
+    void TrackerContext::completeCycle() {
+        m_runState = CompletedCycle;
+    }
+
+    bool TrackerContext::completedCycle() const {
+        return m_runState == CompletedCycle;
+    }
+    void TrackerContext::setCurrentTracker( ITracker* tracker ) {
+        m_currentTracker = tracker;
+    }
+
+
+    TrackerBase::TrackerBase( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent ):
+        ITracker(CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLocation), parent),
+        m_ctx( ctx )
+    {}
+
+    bool TrackerBase::isComplete() const {
+        return m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully || m_runState == Failed;
+    }
+
+    void TrackerBase::open() {
+        m_runState = Executing;
+        moveToThis();
+        if( m_parent )
+            m_parent->openChild();
+    }
+
+    void TrackerBase::close() {
+
+        // Close any still open children (e.g. generators)
+        while( &m_ctx.currentTracker() != this )
+            m_ctx.currentTracker().close();
+
+        switch( m_runState ) {
+            case NeedsAnotherRun:
+                break;
+
+            case Executing:
+                m_runState = CompletedSuccessfully;
+                break;
+            case ExecutingChildren:
+                if( std::all_of(m_children.begin(), m_children.end(), [](ITrackerPtr const& t){ return t->isComplete(); }) )
+                    m_runState = CompletedSuccessfully;
+                break;
+
+            case NotStarted:
+            case CompletedSuccessfully:
+            case Failed:
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Illogical state: " << m_runState );
+
+            default:
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown state: " << m_runState );
+        }
+        moveToParent();
+        m_ctx.completeCycle();
+    }
+    void TrackerBase::fail() {
+        m_runState = Failed;
+        if( m_parent )
+            m_parent->markAsNeedingAnotherRun();
+        moveToParent();
+        m_ctx.completeCycle();
+    }
+
+    void TrackerBase::moveToParent() {
+        assert( m_parent );
+        m_ctx.setCurrentTracker( m_parent );
+    }
+    void TrackerBase::moveToThis() {
+        m_ctx.setCurrentTracker( this );
+    }
+
+    SectionTracker::SectionTracker( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent )
+    :   TrackerBase( CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLocation), ctx, parent ),
+        m_trimmed_name(trim(StringRef(ITracker::nameAndLocation().name)))
+    {
+        if( parent ) {
+            while ( !parent->isSectionTracker() ) {
+                parent = parent->parent();
+            }
+
+            SectionTracker& parentSection = static_cast<SectionTracker&>( *parent );
+            addNextFilters( parentSection.m_filters );
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool SectionTracker::isComplete() const {
+        bool complete = true;
+
+        if (m_filters.empty()
+            || m_filters[0].empty()
+            || std::find(m_filters.begin(), m_filters.end(), m_trimmed_name) != m_filters.end()) {
+            complete = TrackerBase::isComplete();
+        }
+        return complete;
+    }
+
+    bool SectionTracker::isSectionTracker() const { return true; }
+
+    SectionTracker& SectionTracker::acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation ) {
+        SectionTracker* tracker;
+
+        ITracker& currentTracker = ctx.currentTracker();
+        if ( ITracker* childTracker =
+                 currentTracker.findChild( nameAndLocation ) ) {
+            assert( childTracker );
+            assert( childTracker->isSectionTracker() );
+            tracker = static_cast<SectionTracker*>( childTracker );
+        } else {
+            auto newTracker = Catch::Detail::make_unique<SectionTracker>(
+                NameAndLocation{ static_cast<std::string>(nameAndLocation.name),
+                                 nameAndLocation.location },
+                ctx,
+                &currentTracker );
+            tracker = newTracker.get();
+            currentTracker.addChild( CATCH_MOVE( newTracker ) );
+        }
+
+        if ( !ctx.completedCycle() ) {
+            tracker->tryOpen();
+        }
+
+        return *tracker;
+    }
+
+    void SectionTracker::tryOpen() {
+        if( !isComplete() )
+            open();
+    }
+
+    void SectionTracker::addInitialFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+        if( !filters.empty() ) {
+            m_filters.reserve( m_filters.size() + filters.size() + 2 );
+            m_filters.emplace_back(StringRef{}); // Root - should never be consulted
+            m_filters.emplace_back(StringRef{}); // Test Case - not a section filter
+            m_filters.insert( m_filters.end(), filters.begin(), filters.end() );
+        }
+    }
+    void SectionTracker::addNextFilters( std::vector<StringRef> const& filters ) {
+        if( filters.size() > 1 )
+            m_filters.insert( m_filters.end(), filters.begin()+1, filters.end() );
+    }
+
+    StringRef SectionTracker::trimmedName() const {
+        return m_trimmed_name;
+    }
+
+} // namespace TestCaseTracking
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    void throw_test_failure_exception() {
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS )
+        throw TestFailureException{};
+#else
+        CATCH_ERROR( "Test failure requires aborting test!" );
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void throw_test_skip_exception() {
+#if !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS )
+        throw Catch::TestSkipException();
+#else
+        CATCH_ERROR( "Explicitly skipping tests during runtime requires exceptions" );
+#endif
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    void ITestInvoker::prepareTestCase() {}
+    void ITestInvoker::tearDownTestCase() {}
+    ITestInvoker::~ITestInvoker() = default;
+
+    namespace {
+        static StringRef extractClassName( StringRef classOrMethodName ) {
+            if ( !startsWith( classOrMethodName, '&' ) ) {
+                return classOrMethodName;
+            }
+
+            // Remove the leading '&' to avoid having to special case it later
+            const auto methodName =
+                classOrMethodName.substr( 1, classOrMethodName.size() );
+
+            auto reverseStart = std::make_reverse_iterator( methodName.end() );
+            auto reverseEnd = std::make_reverse_iterator( methodName.begin() );
+
+            // We make a simplifying assumption that ":" is only present
+            // in the input as part of "::" from C++ typenames (this is
+            // relatively safe assumption because the input is generated
+            // as stringification of type through preprocessor).
+            auto lastColons = std::find( reverseStart, reverseEnd, ':' ) + 1;
+            auto secondLastColons =
+                std::find( lastColons + 1, reverseEnd, ':' );
+
+            auto const startIdx = reverseEnd - secondLastColons;
+            auto const classNameSize = secondLastColons - lastColons - 1;
+
+            return methodName.substr(
+                static_cast<std::size_t>( startIdx ),
+                static_cast<std::size_t>( classNameSize ) );
+        }
+
+        class TestInvokerAsFunction final : public ITestInvoker {
+            using TestType = void ( * )();
+            TestType m_testAsFunction;
+
+        public:
+            constexpr TestInvokerAsFunction( TestType testAsFunction ) noexcept:
+                m_testAsFunction( testAsFunction ) {}
+
+            void invoke() const override { m_testAsFunction(); }
+        };
+
+    } // namespace
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> makeTestInvoker( void(*testAsFunction)() ) {
+        return Detail::make_unique<TestInvokerAsFunction>( testAsFunction );
+    }
+
+    AutoReg::AutoReg( Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept {
+        CATCH_TRY {
+            getMutableRegistryHub()
+                    .registerTest(
+                        makeTestCaseInfo(
+                            extractClassName( classOrMethod ),
+                            nameAndTags,
+                            lineInfo),
+                        CATCH_MOVE(invoker)
+                    );
+        } CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+            // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead register the exception to be processed later
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    TestSpecParser::TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry const& tagAliases ) : m_tagAliases( &tagAliases ) {}
+
+    TestSpecParser& TestSpecParser::parse( std::string const& arg ) {
+        m_mode = None;
+        m_exclusion = false;
+        m_arg = m_tagAliases->expandAliases( arg );
+        m_escapeChars.clear();
+        m_substring.reserve(m_arg.size());
+        m_patternName.reserve(m_arg.size());
+        m_realPatternPos = 0;
+
+        for( m_pos = 0; m_pos < m_arg.size(); ++m_pos )
+          //if visitChar fails
+           if( !visitChar( m_arg[m_pos] ) ){
+               m_testSpec.m_invalidSpecs.push_back(arg);
+               break;
+           }
+        endMode();
+        return *this;
+    }
+    TestSpec TestSpecParser::testSpec() {
+        addFilter();
+        return CATCH_MOVE(m_testSpec);
+    }
+    bool TestSpecParser::visitChar( char c ) {
+        if( (m_mode != EscapedName) && (c == '\\') ) {
+            escape();
+            addCharToPattern(c);
+            return true;
+        }else if((m_mode != EscapedName) && (c == ',') )  {
+            return separate();
+        }
+
+        switch( m_mode ) {
+        case None:
+            if( processNoneChar( c ) )
+                return true;
+            break;
+        case Name:
+            processNameChar( c );
+            break;
+        case EscapedName:
+            endMode();
+            addCharToPattern(c);
+            return true;
+        default:
+        case Tag:
+        case QuotedName:
+            if( processOtherChar( c ) )
+                return true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        m_substring += c;
+        if( !isControlChar( c ) ) {
+            m_patternName += c;
+            m_realPatternPos++;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Two of the processing methods return true to signal the caller to return
+    // without adding the given character to the current pattern strings
+    bool TestSpecParser::processNoneChar( char c ) {
+        switch( c ) {
+        case ' ':
+            return true;
+        case '~':
+            m_exclusion = true;
+            return false;
+        case '[':
+            startNewMode( Tag );
+            return false;
+        case '"':
+            startNewMode( QuotedName );
+            return false;
+        default:
+            startNewMode( Name );
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::processNameChar( char c ) {
+        if( c == '[' ) {
+            if( m_substring == "exclude:" )
+                m_exclusion = true;
+            else
+                endMode();
+            startNewMode( Tag );
+        }
+    }
+    bool TestSpecParser::processOtherChar( char c ) {
+        if( !isControlChar( c ) )
+            return false;
+        m_substring += c;
+        endMode();
+        return true;
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::startNewMode( Mode mode ) {
+        m_mode = mode;
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::endMode() {
+        switch( m_mode ) {
+        case Name:
+        case QuotedName:
+            return addNamePattern();
+        case Tag:
+            return addTagPattern();
+        case EscapedName:
+            revertBackToLastMode();
+            return;
+        case None:
+        default:
+            return startNewMode( None );
+        }
+    }
+    void TestSpecParser::escape() {
+        saveLastMode();
+        m_mode = EscapedName;
+        m_escapeChars.push_back(m_realPatternPos);
+    }
+    bool TestSpecParser::isControlChar( char c ) const {
+        switch( m_mode ) {
+            default:
+                return false;
+            case None:
+                return c == '~';
+            case Name:
+                return c == '[';
+            case EscapedName:
+                return true;
+            case QuotedName:
+                return c == '"';
+            case Tag:
+                return c == '[' || c == ']';
+        }
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::addFilter() {
+        if( !m_currentFilter.m_required.empty() || !m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.empty() ) {
+            m_testSpec.m_filters.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(m_currentFilter) );
+            m_currentFilter = TestSpec::Filter();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::saveLastMode() {
+      lastMode = m_mode;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::revertBackToLastMode() {
+      m_mode = lastMode;
+    }
+
+    bool TestSpecParser::separate() {
+      if( (m_mode==QuotedName) || (m_mode==Tag) ){
+         //invalid argument, signal failure to previous scope.
+         m_mode = None;
+         m_pos = m_arg.size();
+         m_substring.clear();
+         m_patternName.clear();
+         m_realPatternPos = 0;
+         return false;
+      }
+      endMode();
+      addFilter();
+      return true; //success
+    }
+
+    std::string TestSpecParser::preprocessPattern() {
+        std::string token = m_patternName;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < m_escapeChars.size(); ++i)
+            token = token.substr(0, m_escapeChars[i] - i) + token.substr(m_escapeChars[i] - i + 1);
+        m_escapeChars.clear();
+        if (startsWith(token, "exclude:")) {
+            m_exclusion = true;
+            token = token.substr(8);
+        }
+
+        m_patternName.clear();
+        m_realPatternPos = 0;
+
+        return token;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::addNamePattern() {
+        auto token = preprocessPattern();
+
+        if (!token.empty()) {
+            if (m_exclusion) {
+                m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::NamePattern>(token, m_substring));
+            } else {
+                m_currentFilter.m_required.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::NamePattern>(token, m_substring));
+            }
+        }
+        m_substring.clear();
+        m_exclusion = false;
+        m_mode = None;
+    }
+
+    void TestSpecParser::addTagPattern() {
+        auto token = preprocessPattern();
+
+        if (!token.empty()) {
+            // If the tag pattern is the "hide and tag" shorthand (e.g. [.foo])
+            // we have to create a separate hide tag and shorten the real one
+            if (token.size() > 1 && token[0] == '.') {
+                token.erase(token.begin());
+                if (m_exclusion) {
+                    m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(".", m_substring));
+                } else {
+                    m_currentFilter.m_required.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(".", m_substring));
+                }
+            }
+            if (m_exclusion) {
+                m_currentFilter.m_forbidden.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(token, m_substring));
+            } else {
+                m_currentFilter.m_required.emplace_back(Detail::make_unique<TestSpec::TagPattern>(token, m_substring));
+            }
+        }
+        m_substring.clear();
+        m_exclusion = false;
+        m_mode = None;
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace {
+    bool isWhitespace( char c ) {
+        return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r';
+    }
+
+    bool isBreakableBefore( char c ) {
+        static const char chars[] = "[({<|";
+        return std::memchr( chars, c, sizeof( chars ) - 1 ) != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool isBreakableAfter( char c ) {
+        static const char chars[] = "])}>.,:;*+-=&/\\";
+        return std::memchr( chars, c, sizeof( chars ) - 1 ) != nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace TextFlow {
+        void AnsiSkippingString::preprocessString() {
+            for ( auto it = m_string.begin(); it != m_string.end(); ) {
+                // try to read through an ansi sequence
+                while ( it != m_string.end() && *it == '\033' &&
+                        it + 1 != m_string.end() && *( it + 1 ) == '[' ) {
+                    auto cursor = it + 2;
+                    while ( cursor != m_string.end() &&
+                            ( isdigit( *cursor ) || *cursor == ';' ) ) {
+                        ++cursor;
+                    }
+                    if ( cursor == m_string.end() || *cursor != 'm' ) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // 'm' -> 0xff
+                    *cursor = AnsiSkippingString::sentinel;
+                    // if we've read an ansi sequence, set the iterator and
+                    // return to the top of the loop
+                    it = cursor + 1;
+                }
+                if ( it != m_string.end() ) {
+                    ++m_size;
+                    ++it;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::AnsiSkippingString( std::string const& text ):
+            m_string( text ) {
+            preprocessString();
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::AnsiSkippingString( std::string&& text ):
+            m_string( CATCH_MOVE( text ) ) {
+            preprocessString();
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator AnsiSkippingString::begin() const {
+            return const_iterator( m_string );
+        }
+
+        AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator AnsiSkippingString::end() const {
+            return const_iterator( m_string, const_iterator::EndTag{} );
+        }
+
+        std::string AnsiSkippingString::substring( const_iterator begin,
+                                                   const_iterator end ) const {
+            // There's one caveat here to an otherwise simple substring: when
+            // making a begin iterator we might have skipped ansi sequences at
+            // the start. If `begin` here is a begin iterator, skipped over
+            // initial ansi sequences, we'll use the true beginning of the
+            // string. Lastly: We need to transform any chars we replaced with
+            // 0xff back to 'm'
+            auto str = std::string( begin == this->begin() ? m_string.begin()
+                                                           : begin.m_it,
+                                    end.m_it );
+            std::transform( str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), []( char c ) {
+                return c == AnsiSkippingString::sentinel ? 'm' : c;
+            } );
+            return str;
+        }
+
+        void AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator::tryParseAnsiEscapes() {
+            // check if we've landed on an ansi sequence, and if so read through
+            // it
+            while ( m_it != m_string->end() && *m_it == '\033' &&
+                    m_it + 1 != m_string->end() &&  *( m_it + 1 ) == '[' ) {
+                auto cursor = m_it + 2;
+                while ( cursor != m_string->end() &&
+                        ( isdigit( *cursor ) || *cursor == ';' ) ) {
+                    ++cursor;
+                }
+                if ( cursor == m_string->end() ||
+                     *cursor != AnsiSkippingString::sentinel ) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // if we've read an ansi sequence, set the iterator and
+                // return to the top of the loop
+                m_it = cursor + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator::advance() {
+            assert( m_it != m_string->end() );
+            m_it++;
+            tryParseAnsiEscapes();
+        }
+
+        void AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator::unadvance() {
+            assert( m_it != m_string->begin() );
+            m_it--;
+            // if *m_it is 0xff, scan back to the \033 and then m_it-- once more
+            // (and repeat check)
+            while ( *m_it == AnsiSkippingString::sentinel ) {
+                while ( *m_it != '\033' ) {
+                    assert( m_it != m_string->begin() );
+                    m_it--;
+                }
+                // if this happens, we must have been a begin iterator that had
+                // skipped over ansi sequences at the start of a string
+                assert( m_it != m_string->begin() );
+                assert( *m_it == '\033' );
+                m_it--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static bool isBoundary( AnsiSkippingString const& line,
+                                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator it ) {
+            return it == line.end() ||
+                   ( isWhitespace( *it ) &&
+                     !isWhitespace( *it.oneBefore() ) ) ||
+                   isBreakableBefore( *it ) ||
+                   isBreakableAfter( *it.oneBefore() );
+        }
+
+        void Column::const_iterator::calcLength() {
+            m_addHyphen = false;
+            m_parsedTo = m_lineStart;
+            AnsiSkippingString const& current_line = m_column.m_string;
+
+            if ( m_parsedTo == current_line.end() ) {
+                m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            assert( m_lineStart != current_line.end() );
+            if ( *m_lineStart == '\n' ) { ++m_parsedTo; }
+
+            const auto maxLineLength = m_column.m_width - indentSize();
+            std::size_t lineLength = 0;
+            while ( m_parsedTo != current_line.end() &&
+                    lineLength < maxLineLength && *m_parsedTo != '\n' ) {
+                ++m_parsedTo;
+                ++lineLength;
+            }
+
+            // If we encountered a newline before the column is filled,
+            // then we linebreak at the newline and consider this line
+            // finished.
+            if ( lineLength < maxLineLength ) {
+                m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo;
+            } else {
+                // Look for a natural linebreak boundary in the column
+                // (We look from the end, so that the first found boundary is
+                // the right one)
+                m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo;
+                while ( lineLength > 0 &&
+                        !isBoundary( current_line, m_lineEnd ) ) {
+                    --lineLength;
+                    --m_lineEnd;
+                }
+                while ( lineLength > 0 &&
+                        isWhitespace( *m_lineEnd.oneBefore() ) ) {
+                    --lineLength;
+                    --m_lineEnd;
+                }
+
+                // If we found one, then that is where we linebreak, otherwise
+                // we have to split text with a hyphen
+                if ( lineLength == 0 ) {
+                    m_addHyphen = true;
+                    m_lineEnd = m_parsedTo.oneBefore();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        size_t Column::const_iterator::indentSize() const {
+            auto initial = m_lineStart == m_column.m_string.begin()
+                               ? m_column.m_initialIndent
+                               : std::string::npos;
+            return initial == std::string::npos ? m_column.m_indent : initial;
+        }
+
+        std::string Column::const_iterator::addIndentAndSuffix(
+            AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator start,
+            AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator end ) const {
+            std::string ret;
+            const auto desired_indent = indentSize();
+            // ret.reserve( desired_indent + (end - start) + m_addHyphen );
+            ret.append( desired_indent, ' ' );
+            // ret.append( start, end );
+            ret += m_column.m_string.substring( start, end );
+            if ( m_addHyphen ) { ret.push_back( '-' ); }
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        Column::const_iterator::const_iterator( Column const& column ):
+            m_column( column ),
+            m_lineStart( column.m_string.begin() ),
+            m_lineEnd( column.m_string.begin() ),
+            m_parsedTo( column.m_string.begin() ) {
+            assert( m_column.m_width > m_column.m_indent );
+            assert( m_column.m_initialIndent == std::string::npos ||
+                    m_column.m_width > m_column.m_initialIndent );
+            calcLength();
+            if ( m_lineStart == m_lineEnd ) {
+                m_lineStart = m_column.m_string.end();
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::string Column::const_iterator::operator*() const {
+            assert( m_lineStart <= m_parsedTo );
+            return addIndentAndSuffix( m_lineStart, m_lineEnd );
+        }
+
+        Column::const_iterator& Column::const_iterator::operator++() {
+            m_lineStart = m_lineEnd;
+            AnsiSkippingString const& current_line = m_column.m_string;
+            if ( m_lineStart != current_line.end() && *m_lineStart == '\n' ) {
+                m_lineStart++;
+            } else {
+                while ( m_lineStart != current_line.end() &&
+                        isWhitespace( *m_lineStart ) ) {
+                    ++m_lineStart;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ( m_lineStart != current_line.end() ) { calcLength(); }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Column::const_iterator Column::const_iterator::operator++( int ) {
+            const_iterator prev( *this );
+            operator++();
+            return prev;
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, Column const& col ) {
+            bool first = true;
+            for ( auto line : col ) {
+                if ( first ) {
+                    first = false;
+                } else {
+                    os << '\n';
+                }
+                os << line;
+            }
+            return os;
+        }
+
+        Column Spacer( size_t spaceWidth ) {
+            Column ret{ "" };
+            ret.width( spaceWidth );
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator::iterator( Columns const& columns, EndTag ):
+            m_columns( columns.m_columns ), m_activeIterators( 0 ) {
+
+            m_iterators.reserve( m_columns.size() );
+            for ( auto const& col : m_columns ) {
+                m_iterators.push_back( col.end() );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator::iterator( Columns const& columns ):
+            m_columns( columns.m_columns ),
+            m_activeIterators( m_columns.size() ) {
+
+            m_iterators.reserve( m_columns.size() );
+            for ( auto const& col : m_columns ) {
+                m_iterators.push_back( col.begin() );
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::string Columns::iterator::operator*() const {
+            std::string row, padding;
+
+            for ( size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i ) {
+                const auto width = m_columns[i].width();
+                if ( m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end() ) {
+                    std::string col = *m_iterators[i];
+                    row += padding;
+                    row += col;
+
+                    padding.clear();
+                    if ( col.size() < width ) {
+                        padding.append( width - col.size(), ' ' );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    padding.append( width, ' ' );
+                }
+            }
+            return row;
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator& Columns::iterator::operator++() {
+            for ( size_t i = 0; i < m_columns.size(); ++i ) {
+                if ( m_iterators[i] != m_columns[i].end() ) {
+                    ++m_iterators[i];
+                }
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Columns::iterator Columns::iterator::operator++( int ) {
+            iterator prev( *this );
+            operator++();
+            return prev;
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, Columns const& cols ) {
+            bool first = true;
+            for ( auto line : cols ) {
+                if ( first ) {
+                    first = false;
+                } else {
+                    os << '\n';
+                }
+                os << line;
+            }
+            return os;
+        }
+
+        Columns operator+( Column const& lhs, Column const& rhs ) {
+            Columns cols;
+            cols += lhs;
+            cols += rhs;
+            return cols;
+        }
+        Columns operator+( Column&& lhs, Column&& rhs ) {
+            Columns cols;
+            cols += CATCH_MOVE( lhs );
+            cols += CATCH_MOVE( rhs );
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column const& rhs ) {
+            lhs.m_columns.push_back( rhs );
+            return lhs;
+        }
+        Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column&& rhs ) {
+            lhs.m_columns.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( rhs ) );
+            return lhs;
+        }
+        Columns operator+( Columns const& lhs, Column const& rhs ) {
+            auto combined( lhs );
+            combined += rhs;
+            return combined;
+        }
+        Columns operator+( Columns&& lhs, Column&& rhs ) {
+            lhs += CATCH_MOVE( rhs );
+            return CATCH_MOVE( lhs );
+        }
+
+    } // namespace TextFlow
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    bool uncaught_exceptions() {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+        return false;
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
+        return std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0;
+#else
+        return std::uncaught_exception();
+#endif
+  }
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    WildcardPattern::WildcardPattern( std::string const& pattern,
+                                      CaseSensitive caseSensitivity )
+    :   m_caseSensitivity( caseSensitivity ),
+        m_pattern( normaliseString( pattern ) )
+    {
+        if( startsWith( m_pattern, '*' ) ) {
+            m_pattern = m_pattern.substr( 1 );
+            m_wildcard = WildcardAtStart;
+        }
+        if( endsWith( m_pattern, '*' ) ) {
+            m_pattern = m_pattern.substr( 0, m_pattern.size()-1 );
+            m_wildcard = static_cast<WildcardPosition>( m_wildcard | WildcardAtEnd );
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool WildcardPattern::matches( std::string const& str ) const {
+        switch( m_wildcard ) {
+            case NoWildcard:
+                return m_pattern == normaliseString( str );
+            case WildcardAtStart:
+                return endsWith( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+            case WildcardAtEnd:
+                return startsWith( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+            case WildcardAtBothEnds:
+                return contains( normaliseString( str ), m_pattern );
+            default:
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown enum" );
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string WildcardPattern::normaliseString( std::string const& str ) const {
+        return trim( m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No ? toLower( str ) : str );
+    }
+}
+
+
+// Note: swapping these two includes around causes MSVC to error out
+//       while in /permissive- mode. No, I don't know why.
+//       Tested on VS 2019, 18.{3, 4}.x
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace {
+
+    size_t trailingBytes(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return 2;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t headerValue(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return c & 0x1F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return c & 0x0F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return c & 0x07;
+        }
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    void hexEscapeChar(std::ostream& os, unsigned char c) {
+        std::ios_base::fmtflags f(os.flags());
+        os << "\\x"
+            << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+            << static_cast<int>(c);
+        os.flags(f);
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool shouldNewline(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        return !!(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(fmt & XmlFormatting::Newline));
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool shouldIndent(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        return !!(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<XmlFormatting>>(fmt & XmlFormatting::Indent));
+    }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+    void XmlEncode::encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // Apostrophe escaping not necessary if we always use " to write attributes
+        // (see: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax)
+
+        for( std::size_t idx = 0; idx < m_str.size(); ++ idx ) {
+            unsigned char c = static_cast<unsigned char>(m_str[idx]);
+            switch (c) {
+            case '<':   os << "&lt;"; break;
+            case '&':   os << "&amp;"; break;
+
+            case '>':
+                // See: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
+                if (idx > 2 && m_str[idx - 1] == ']' && m_str[idx - 2] == ']')
+                    os << "&gt;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            case '\"':
+                if (m_forWhat == ForAttributes)
+                    os << "&quot;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // Check for control characters and invalid utf-8
+
+                // Escape control characters in standard ascii
+                // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+                if (c < 0x09 || (c > 0x0D && c < 0x20) || c == 0x7F) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Plain ASCII: Write it to stream
+                if (c < 0x7F) {
+                    os << c;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // UTF-8 territory
+                // Check if the encoding is valid and if it is not, hex escape bytes.
+                // Important: We do not check the exact decoded values for validity, only the encoding format
+                // First check that this bytes is a valid lead byte:
+                // This means that it is not encoded as 1111 1XXX
+                // Or as 10XX XXXX
+                if (c <  0xC0 ||
+                    c >= 0xF8) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                auto encBytes = trailingBytes(c);
+                // Are there enough bytes left to avoid accessing out-of-bounds memory?
+                if (idx + encBytes - 1 >= m_str.size()) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // The header is valid, check data
+                // The next encBytes bytes must together be a valid utf-8
+                // This means: bitpattern 10XX XXXX and the extracted value is sane (ish)
+                bool valid = true;
+                uint32_t value = headerValue(c);
+                for (std::size_t n = 1; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    unsigned char nc = static_cast<unsigned char>(m_str[idx + n]);
+                    valid &= ((nc & 0xC0) == 0x80);
+                    value = (value << 6) | (nc & 0x3F);
+                }
+
+                if (
+                    // Wrong bit pattern of following bytes
+                    (!valid) ||
+                    // Overlong encodings
+                    (value < 0x80) ||
+                    (0x80 <= value && value < 0x800   && encBytes > 2) ||
+                    (0x800 < value && value < 0x10000 && encBytes > 3) ||
+                    // Encoded value out of range
+                    (value >= 0x110000)
+                    ) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // If we got here, this is in fact a valid(ish) utf-8 sequence
+                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    os << m_str[idx + n];
+                }
+                idx += encBytes - 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode ) {
+        xmlEncode.encodeTo( os );
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer, XmlFormatting fmt )
+    :   m_writer( writer ),
+        m_fmt(fmt)
+    {}
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept
+    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ),
+        m_fmt(other.m_fmt)
+    {
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        other.m_fmt = XmlFormatting::None;
+    }
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept {
+        if ( m_writer ) {
+            m_writer->endElement();
+        }
+        m_writer = other.m_writer;
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        m_fmt = other.m_fmt;
+        other.m_fmt = XmlFormatting::None;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::~ScopedElement() {
+        if (m_writer) {
+            m_writer->endElement(m_fmt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement&
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( StringRef text, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        m_writer->writeText( text, fmt );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement&
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                              StringRef attribute ) {
+        m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::XmlWriter( std::ostream& os ) : m_os( os )
+    {
+        writeDeclaration();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::~XmlWriter() {
+        while (!m_tags.empty()) {
+            endElement();
+        }
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+            m_os << m_indent;
+            m_indent += "  ";
+        }
+        m_os << '<' << name;
+        m_tags.push_back( name );
+        m_tagIsOpen = true;
+        applyFormatting(fmt);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        ScopedElement scoped( this, fmt );
+        startElement( name, fmt );
+        return scoped;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        m_indent = m_indent.substr(0, m_indent.size() - 2);
+
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << "/>";
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        } else {
+            newlineIfNecessary();
+            if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            }
+            m_os << "</" << m_tags.back() << '>';
+        }
+        m_os << std::flush;
+        applyFormatting(fmt);
+        m_tags.pop_back();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                          StringRef attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && !attribute.empty() )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( StringRef name, bool attribute ) {
+        writeAttribute(name, (attribute ? "true"_sr : "false"_sr));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                          char const* attribute ) {
+        writeAttribute( name, StringRef( attribute ) );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( StringRef text, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(!m_tags.empty(), "Cannot write text as top level element");
+        if( !text.empty() ){
+            bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
+            ensureTagClosed();
+            if (tagWasOpen && shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            }
+            m_os << XmlEncode( text, XmlEncode::ForTextNodes );
+            applyFormatting(fmt);
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( StringRef text, XmlFormatting fmt ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        if (shouldIndent(fmt)) {
+            m_os << m_indent;
+        }
+        m_os << "<!-- " << text << " -->";
+        applyFormatting(fmt);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeStylesheetRef( StringRef url ) {
+        m_os << R"(<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href=")" << url << R"("?>)" << '\n';
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::ensureTagClosed() {
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << '>' << std::flush;
+            newlineIfNecessary();
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::applyFormatting(XmlFormatting fmt) {
+        m_needsNewline = shouldNewline(fmt);
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeDeclaration() {
+        m_os << R"(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>)" << '\n';
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::newlineIfNecessary() {
+        if( m_needsNewline ) {
+            m_os << '\n' << std::flush;
+            m_needsNewline = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    std::string MatcherUntypedBase::toString() const {
+        if (m_cachedToString.empty()) {
+            m_cachedToString = describe();
+        }
+        return m_cachedToString;
+    }
+
+    MatcherUntypedBase::~MatcherUntypedBase() = default;
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    std::string IsEmptyMatcher::describe() const {
+        return "is empty";
+    }
+
+    std::string HasSizeMatcher::describe() const {
+        ReusableStringStream sstr;
+        sstr << "has size == " << m_target_size;
+        return sstr.str();
+    }
+
+    IsEmptyMatcher IsEmpty() {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    HasSizeMatcher SizeIs(std::size_t sz) {
+        return HasSizeMatcher{ sz };
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Matchers
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+bool ExceptionMessageMatcher::match(std::exception const& ex) const {
+    return ex.what() == m_message;
+}
+
+std::string ExceptionMessageMatcher::describe() const {
+    return "exception message matches \"" + m_message + '"';
+}
+
+ExceptionMessageMatcher Message(std::string const& message) {
+    return ExceptionMessageMatcher(message);
+}
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <limits>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    template <typename FP>
+    bool almostEqualUlps(FP lhs, FP rhs, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
+        // Comparison with NaN should always be false.
+        // This way we can rule it out before getting into the ugly details
+        if (Catch::isnan(lhs) || Catch::isnan(rhs)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // This should also handle positive and negative zeros, infinities
+        const auto ulpDist = ulpDistance(lhs, rhs);
+
+        return ulpDist <= maxUlpDiff;
+    }
+
+
+template <typename FP>
+FP step(FP start, FP direction, uint64_t steps) {
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < steps; ++i) {
+        start = Catch::nextafter(start, direction);
+    }
+    return start;
+}
+
+// Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
+// But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
+bool marginComparison(double lhs, double rhs, double margin) {
+    return (lhs + margin >= rhs) && (rhs + margin >= lhs);
+}
+
+template <typename FloatingPoint>
+void write(std::ostream& out, FloatingPoint num) {
+    out << std::scientific
+        << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<FloatingPoint>::max_digits10 - 1)
+        << num;
+}
+
+} // end anonymous namespace
+
+namespace Matchers {
+namespace Detail {
+
+    enum class FloatingPointKind : uint8_t {
+        Float,
+        Double
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Detail
+
+
+    WithinAbsMatcher::WithinAbsMatcher(double target, double margin)
+        :m_target{ target }, m_margin{ margin } {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(margin >= 0, "Invalid margin: " << margin << '.'
+            << " Margin has to be non-negative.");
+    }
+
+    // Performs equivalent check of std::fabs(lhs - rhs) <= margin
+    // But without the subtraction to allow for INFINITY in comparison
+    bool WithinAbsMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
+        return (matchee + m_margin >= m_target) && (m_target + m_margin >= matchee);
+    }
+
+    std::string WithinAbsMatcher::describe() const {
+        return "is within " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_margin) + " of " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target);
+    }
+
+
+    WithinUlpsMatcher::WithinUlpsMatcher(double target, uint64_t ulps, Detail::FloatingPointKind baseType)
+        :m_target{ target }, m_ulps{ ulps }, m_type{ baseType } {
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_type == Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double
+                   || m_ulps < (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max)(),
+            "Provided ULP is impossibly large for a float comparison.");
+        CATCH_ENFORCE( std::numeric_limits<double>::is_iec559,
+                       "WithinUlp matcher only supports platforms with "
+                       "IEEE-754 compatible floating point representation" );
+    }
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+// Clang <3.5 reports on the default branch in the switch below
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunreachable-code"
+#endif
+
+    bool WithinUlpsMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
+        switch (m_type) {
+        case Detail::FloatingPointKind::Float:
+            return almostEqualUlps<float>(static_cast<float>(matchee), static_cast<float>(m_target), m_ulps);
+        case Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double:
+            return almostEqualUlps<double>(matchee, m_target, m_ulps);
+        default:
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR( "Unknown Detail::FloatingPointKind value" );
+        }
+    }
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    std::string WithinUlpsMatcher::describe() const {
+        std::stringstream ret;
+
+        ret << "is within " << m_ulps << " ULPs of ";
+
+        if (m_type == Detail::FloatingPointKind::Float) {
+            write(ret, static_cast<float>(m_target));
+            ret << 'f';
+        } else {
+            write(ret, m_target);
+        }
+
+        ret << " ([";
+        if (m_type == Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double) {
+            write( ret,
+                   step( m_target,
+                         -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+            ret << ", ";
+            write( ret,
+                   step( m_target,
+                         std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+        } else {
+            // We have to cast INFINITY to float because of MinGW, see #1782
+            write( ret,
+                   step( static_cast<float>( m_target ),
+                         -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+            ret << ", ";
+            write( ret,
+                   step( static_cast<float>( m_target ),
+                         std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity(),
+                         m_ulps ) );
+        }
+        ret << "])";
+
+        return ret.str();
+    }
+
+    WithinRelMatcher::WithinRelMatcher(double target, double epsilon):
+        m_target(target),
+        m_epsilon(epsilon){
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_epsilon >= 0., "Relative comparison with epsilon <  0 does not make sense.");
+        CATCH_ENFORCE(m_epsilon  < 1., "Relative comparison with epsilon >= 1 does not make sense.");
+    }
+
+    bool WithinRelMatcher::match(double const& matchee) const {
+        const auto relMargin = m_epsilon * (std::max)(std::fabs(matchee), std::fabs(m_target));
+        return marginComparison(matchee, m_target,
+                                std::isinf(relMargin)? 0 : relMargin);
+    }
+
+    std::string WithinRelMatcher::describe() const {
+        Catch::ReusableStringStream sstr;
+        sstr << "and " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target) << " are within " << m_epsilon * 100. << "% of each other";
+        return sstr.str();
+    }
+
+
+WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(double target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
+    return WithinUlpsMatcher(target, maxUlpDiff, Detail::FloatingPointKind::Double);
+}
+
+WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(float target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff) {
+    return WithinUlpsMatcher(target, maxUlpDiff, Detail::FloatingPointKind::Float);
+}
+
+WithinAbsMatcher WithinAbs(double target, double margin) {
+    return WithinAbsMatcher(target, margin);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target, double eps) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, eps);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon() * 100);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target, float eps) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, eps);
+}
+
+WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target) {
+    return WithinRelMatcher(target, std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon() * 100);
+}
+
+
+
+bool IsNaNMatcher::match( double const& matchee ) const {
+    return std::isnan( matchee );
+}
+
+std::string IsNaNMatcher::describe() const {
+    using namespace std::string_literals;
+    return "is NaN"s;
+}
+
+IsNaNMatcher IsNaN() { return IsNaNMatcher(); }
+
+    } // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+std::string Catch::Matchers::Detail::finalizeDescription(const std::string& desc) {
+    if (desc.empty()) {
+        return "matches undescribed predicate";
+    } else {
+        return "matches predicate: \"" + desc + '"';
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+        std::string AllTrueMatcher::describe() const { return "contains only true"; }
+
+        AllTrueMatcher AllTrue() { return AllTrueMatcher{}; }
+
+        std::string NoneTrueMatcher::describe() const { return "contains no true"; }
+
+        NoneTrueMatcher NoneTrue() { return NoneTrueMatcher{}; }
+
+        std::string AnyTrueMatcher::describe() const { return "contains at least one true"; }
+
+        AnyTrueMatcher AnyTrue() { return AnyTrueMatcher{}; }
+    } // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <regex>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    CasedString::CasedString( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity )
+    :   m_caseSensitivity( caseSensitivity ),
+        m_str( adjustString( str ) )
+    {}
+    std::string CasedString::adjustString( std::string const& str ) const {
+        return m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No
+               ? toLower( str )
+               : str;
+    }
+    StringRef CasedString::caseSensitivitySuffix() const {
+        return m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::Yes
+                   ? StringRef()
+                   : " (case insensitive)"_sr;
+    }
+
+
+    StringMatcherBase::StringMatcherBase( StringRef operation, CasedString const& comparator )
+    : m_comparator( comparator ),
+      m_operation( operation ) {
+    }
+
+    std::string StringMatcherBase::describe() const {
+        std::string description;
+        description.reserve(5 + m_operation.size() + m_comparator.m_str.size() +
+                                    m_comparator.caseSensitivitySuffix().size());
+        description += m_operation;
+        description += ": \"";
+        description += m_comparator.m_str;
+        description += '"';
+        description += m_comparator.caseSensitivitySuffix();
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    StringEqualsMatcher::StringEqualsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "equals"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool StringEqualsMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return m_comparator.adjustString( source ) == m_comparator.m_str;
+    }
+
+
+    StringContainsMatcher::StringContainsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "contains"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool StringContainsMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return contains( m_comparator.adjustString( source ), m_comparator.m_str );
+    }
+
+
+    StartsWithMatcher::StartsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "starts with"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool StartsWithMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return startsWith( m_comparator.adjustString( source ), m_comparator.m_str );
+    }
+
+
+    EndsWithMatcher::EndsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator ) : StringMatcherBase( "ends with"_sr, comparator ) {}
+
+    bool EndsWithMatcher::match( std::string const& source ) const {
+        return endsWith( m_comparator.adjustString( source ), m_comparator.m_str );
+    }
+
+
+
+    RegexMatcher::RegexMatcher(std::string regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity): m_regex(CATCH_MOVE(regex)), m_caseSensitivity(caseSensitivity) {}
+
+    bool RegexMatcher::match(std::string const& matchee) const {
+        auto flags = std::regex::ECMAScript; // ECMAScript is the default syntax option anyway
+        if (m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::No) {
+            flags |= std::regex::icase;
+        }
+        auto reg = std::regex(m_regex, flags);
+        return std::regex_match(matchee, reg);
+    }
+
+    std::string RegexMatcher::describe() const {
+        return "matches " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_regex) + ((m_caseSensitivity == CaseSensitive::Yes)? " case sensitively" : " case insensitively");
+    }
+
+
+    StringEqualsMatcher Equals( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return StringEqualsMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+    StringContainsMatcher ContainsSubstring( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return StringContainsMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+    EndsWithMatcher EndsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return EndsWithMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+    StartsWithMatcher StartsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity ) {
+        return StartsWithMatcher( CasedString( str, caseSensitivity) );
+    }
+
+    RegexMatcher Matches(std::string const& regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity) {
+        return RegexMatcher(regex, caseSensitivity);
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+    MatcherGenericBase::~MatcherGenericBase() = default;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        std::string describe_multi_matcher(StringRef combine, std::string const* descriptions_begin, std::string const* descriptions_end) {
+            std::string description;
+            std::size_t combined_size = 4;
+            for ( auto desc = descriptions_begin; desc != descriptions_end; ++desc ) {
+                combined_size += desc->size();
+            }
+            combined_size += static_cast<size_t>(descriptions_end - descriptions_begin - 1) * combine.size();
+
+            description.reserve(combined_size);
+
+            description += "( ";
+            bool first = true;
+            for( auto desc = descriptions_begin; desc != descriptions_end; ++desc ) {
+                if( first )
+                    first = false;
+                else
+                    description += combine;
+                description += *desc;
+            }
+            description += " )";
+            return description;
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // This is the general overload that takes a any string matcher
+    // There is another overload, in catch_assertionhandler.h/.cpp, that only takes a string and infers
+    // the Equals matcher (so the header does not mention matchers)
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher ) {
+        std::string exceptionMessage = Catch::translateActiveException();
+        MatchExpr<std::string, StringMatcher const&> expr( CATCH_MOVE(exceptionMessage), matcher );
+        handler.handleExpr( expr );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    AutomakeReporter::~AutomakeReporter() = default;
+
+    void AutomakeReporter::testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) {
+        // Possible values to emit are PASS, XFAIL, SKIP, FAIL, XPASS and ERROR.
+        m_stream << ":test-result: ";
+        if ( _testCaseStats.totals.testCases.skipped > 0 ) {
+            m_stream << "SKIP";
+        } else if (_testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allPassed()) {
+            m_stream << "PASS";
+        } else if (_testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allOk()) {
+            m_stream << "XFAIL";
+        } else {
+            m_stream << "FAIL";
+        }
+        m_stream << ' ' << _testCaseStats.testInfo->name << '\n';
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded(_testCaseStats);
+    }
+
+    void AutomakeReporter::skipTest(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) {
+        m_stream << ":test-result: SKIP " << testInfo.name << '\n';
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    ReporterBase::ReporterBase( ReporterConfig&& config ):
+        IEventListener( config.fullConfig() ),
+        m_wrapped_stream( CATCH_MOVE(config).takeStream() ),
+        m_stream( m_wrapped_stream->stream() ),
+        m_colour( makeColourImpl( config.colourMode(), m_wrapped_stream.get() ) ),
+        m_customOptions( config.customOptions() )
+    {}
+
+    ReporterBase::~ReporterBase() = default;
+
+    void ReporterBase::listReporters(
+        std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        defaultListReporters(m_stream, descriptions, m_config->verbosity());
+    }
+
+    void ReporterBase::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        defaultListListeners( m_stream, descriptions );
+    }
+
+    void ReporterBase::listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+        defaultListTests(m_stream,
+                         m_colour.get(),
+                         tests,
+                         m_config->hasTestFilters(),
+                         m_config->verbosity());
+    }
+
+    void ReporterBase::listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) {
+        defaultListTags( m_stream, tags, m_config->hasTestFilters() );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace {
+
+    // Colour::LightGrey
+    static constexpr Colour::Code compactDimColour = Colour::FileName;
+
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactFailedString = "FAILED"_sr;
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactPassedString = "PASSED"_sr;
+#else
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactFailedString = "failed"_sr;
+    static constexpr Catch::StringRef compactPassedString = "passed"_sr;
+#endif
+
+// Implementation of CompactReporter formatting
+class AssertionPrinter {
+public:
+    AssertionPrinter& operator= (AssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    AssertionPrinter(AssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    AssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, bool _printInfoMessages, ColourImpl* colourImpl_)
+        : stream(_stream)
+        , result(_stats.assertionResult)
+        , messages(_stats.infoMessages)
+        , itMessage(_stats.infoMessages.begin())
+        , printInfoMessages(_printInfoMessages)
+        , colourImpl(colourImpl_)
+    {}
+
+    void print() {
+        printSourceInfo();
+
+        itMessage = messages.begin();
+
+        switch (result.getResultType()) {
+        case ResultWas::Ok:
+            printResultType(Colour::ResultSuccess, compactPassedString);
+            printOriginalExpression();
+            printReconstructedExpression();
+            if (!result.hasExpression())
+                printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+            else
+                printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+            if (result.isOk())
+                printResultType(Colour::ResultSuccess, compactFailedString + " - but was ok"_sr);
+            else
+                printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printOriginalExpression();
+            printReconstructedExpression();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("unexpected exception with message:");
+            printMessage();
+            printExpressionWas();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("fatal error condition with message:");
+            printMessage();
+            printExpressionWas();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("expected exception, got none");
+            printExpressionWas();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Info:
+            printResultType(Colour::None, "info"_sr);
+            printMessage();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Warning:
+            printResultType(Colour::None, "warning"_sr);
+            printMessage();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, compactFailedString);
+            printIssue("explicitly");
+            printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+            printResultType(Colour::Skip, "skipped"_sr);
+            printMessage();
+            printRemainingMessages();
+            break;
+            // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+        case ResultWas::Unknown:
+        case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+        case ResultWas::Exception:
+            printResultType(Colour::Error, "** internal error **");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    void printSourceInfo() const {
+        stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::FileName )
+               << result.getSourceInfo() << ':';
+    }
+
+    void printResultType(Colour::Code colour, StringRef passOrFail) const {
+        if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(colour) << ' ' << passOrFail;
+            stream << ':';
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printIssue(char const* issue) const {
+        stream << ' ' << issue;
+    }
+
+    void printExpressionWas() {
+        if (result.hasExpression()) {
+            stream << ';';
+            {
+                stream << colourImpl->guardColour(compactDimColour) << " expression was:";
+            }
+            printOriginalExpression();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printOriginalExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpression()) {
+            stream << ' ' << result.getExpression();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(compactDimColour) << " for: ";
+            stream << result.getExpandedExpression();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printMessage() {
+        if (itMessage != messages.end()) {
+            stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+            ++itMessage;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void printRemainingMessages(Colour::Code colour = compactDimColour) {
+        if (itMessage == messages.end())
+            return;
+
+        const auto itEnd = messages.cend();
+        const auto N = static_cast<std::size_t>(itEnd - itMessage);
+
+        stream << colourImpl->guardColour( colour ) << " with "
+               << pluralise( N, "message"_sr ) << ':';
+
+        while (itMessage != itEnd) {
+            // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+            if (printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info) {
+                printMessage();
+                if (itMessage != itEnd) {
+                    stream << colourImpl->guardColour(compactDimColour) << " and";
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            ++itMessage;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::ostream& stream;
+    AssertionResult const& result;
+    std::vector<MessageInfo> const& messages;
+    std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itMessage;
+    bool printInfoMessages;
+    ColourImpl* colourImpl;
+};
+
+} // anon namespace
+
+        std::string CompactReporter::getDescription() {
+            return "Reports test results on a single line, suitable for IDEs";
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+            m_stream << "No test cases matched '" << unmatchedSpec << "'\n";
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) {
+            if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+                m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::BrightYellow )
+                         << "Filters: "
+                         << m_config->testSpec()
+                         << '\n';
+            }
+            m_stream << "RNG seed: " << getSeed() << '\n';
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& _assertionStats ) {
+            AssertionResult const& result = _assertionStats.assertionResult;
+
+            bool printInfoMessages = true;
+
+            // Drop out if result was successful and we're not printing those
+            if( !m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() && result.isOk() ) {
+                if( result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::ExplicitSkip )
+                    return;
+                printInfoMessages = false;
+            }
+
+            AssertionPrinter printer( m_stream, _assertionStats, printInfoMessages, m_colour.get() );
+            printer.print();
+
+            m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) {
+            double dur = _sectionStats.durationInSeconds;
+            if ( shouldShowDuration( *m_config, dur ) ) {
+                m_stream << getFormattedDuration( dur ) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << '\n' << std::flush;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void CompactReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& _testRunStats ) {
+            printTestRunTotals( m_stream, *m_colour, _testRunStats.totals );
+            m_stream << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+            StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( _testRunStats );
+        }
+
+        CompactReporter::~CompactReporter() = default;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4061) // Not all labels are EXPLICITLY handled in switch
+ // Note that 4062 (not all labels are handled and default is missing) is enabled
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#  pragma clang diagnostic push
+// For simplicity, benchmarking-only helpers are always enabled
+#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#endif
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Formatter impl for ConsoleReporter
+class ConsoleAssertionPrinter {
+public:
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter& operator= (ConsoleAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter(ConsoleAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, ColourImpl* colourImpl_, bool _printInfoMessages)
+        : stream(_stream),
+        stats(_stats),
+        result(_stats.assertionResult),
+        colour(Colour::None),
+        messages(_stats.infoMessages),
+        colourImpl(colourImpl_),
+        printInfoMessages(_printInfoMessages) {
+        switch (result.getResultType()) {
+        case ResultWas::Ok:
+            colour = Colour::Success;
+            passOrFail = "PASSED"_sr;
+            //if( result.hasMessage() )
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+            if (result.isOk()) {
+                colour = Colour::Success;
+                passOrFail = "FAILED - but was ok"_sr;
+            } else {
+                colour = Colour::Error;
+                passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            }
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            // todo switch
+            switch (messages.size()) { case 0:
+                messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with "_sr;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with message"_sr;
+                break;
+            default:
+                messageLabel = "due to unexpected exception with messages"_sr;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            messageLabel = "due to a fatal error condition"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            messageLabel = "because no exception was thrown where one was expected"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Info:
+            messageLabel = "info"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::Warning:
+            messageLabel = "warning"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+            passOrFail = "FAILED"_sr;
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+        case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+            colour = Colour::Skip;
+            passOrFail = "SKIPPED"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() == 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with message"_sr;
+            if (messages.size() > 1)
+                messageLabel = "explicitly with messages"_sr;
+            break;
+            // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+        case ResultWas::Unknown:
+        case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+        case ResultWas::Exception:
+            passOrFail = "** internal error **"_sr;
+            colour = Colour::Error;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void print() const {
+        printSourceInfo();
+        if (stats.totals.assertions.total() > 0) {
+            printResultType();
+            printOriginalExpression();
+            printReconstructedExpression();
+        } else {
+            stream << '\n';
+        }
+        printMessage();
+    }
+
+private:
+    void printResultType() const {
+        if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(colour) << passOrFail << ":\n";
+        }
+    }
+    void printOriginalExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpression()) {
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::OriginalExpression )
+                   << "  " << result.getExpressionInMacro() << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+        if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+            stream << "with expansion:\n";
+            stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::ReconstructedExpression )
+                   << TextFlow::Column( result.getExpandedExpression() )
+                          .indent( 2 )
+                   << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void printMessage() const {
+        if (!messageLabel.empty())
+            stream << messageLabel << ':' << '\n';
+        for (auto const& msg : messages) {
+            // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+            if (printInfoMessages || msg.type != ResultWas::Info)
+                stream << TextFlow::Column(msg.message).indent(2) << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void printSourceInfo() const {
+        stream << colourImpl->guardColour( Colour::FileName )
+               << result.getSourceInfo() << ": ";
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& stream;
+    AssertionStats const& stats;
+    AssertionResult const& result;
+    Colour::Code colour;
+    StringRef passOrFail;
+    StringRef messageLabel;
+    std::vector<MessageInfo> const& messages;
+    ColourImpl* colourImpl;
+    bool printInfoMessages;
+};
+
+std::size_t makeRatio( std::uint64_t number, std::uint64_t total ) {
+    const auto ratio = total > 0 ? CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH * number / total : 0;
+    return (ratio == 0 && number > 0) ? 1 : static_cast<std::size_t>(ratio);
+}
+
+std::size_t&
+findMax( std::size_t& i, std::size_t& j, std::size_t& k, std::size_t& l ) {
+    if (i > j && i > k && i > l)
+        return i;
+    else if (j > k && j > l)
+        return j;
+    else if (k > l)
+        return k;
+    else
+        return l;
+}
+
+struct ColumnBreak {};
+struct RowBreak {};
+struct OutputFlush {};
+
+class Duration {
+    enum class Unit {
+        Auto,
+        Nanoseconds,
+        Microseconds,
+        Milliseconds,
+        Seconds,
+        Minutes
+    };
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond = 1000;
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond = 1000 * s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond;
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInASecond = 1000 * s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond;
+    static const uint64_t s_nanosecondsInAMinute = 60 * s_nanosecondsInASecond;
+
+    double m_inNanoseconds;
+    Unit m_units;
+
+public:
+    explicit Duration(double inNanoseconds, Unit units = Unit::Auto)
+        : m_inNanoseconds(inNanoseconds),
+        m_units(units) {
+        if (m_units == Unit::Auto) {
+            if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond)
+                m_units = Unit::Nanoseconds;
+            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond)
+                m_units = Unit::Microseconds;
+            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInASecond)
+                m_units = Unit::Milliseconds;
+            else if (m_inNanoseconds < s_nanosecondsInAMinute)
+                m_units = Unit::Seconds;
+            else
+                m_units = Unit::Minutes;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    auto value() const -> double {
+        switch (m_units) {
+        case Unit::Microseconds:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMicrosecond);
+        case Unit::Milliseconds:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMillisecond);
+        case Unit::Seconds:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInASecond);
+        case Unit::Minutes:
+            return m_inNanoseconds / static_cast<double>(s_nanosecondsInAMinute);
+        default:
+            return m_inNanoseconds;
+        }
+    }
+    StringRef unitsAsString() const {
+        switch (m_units) {
+        case Unit::Nanoseconds:
+            return "ns"_sr;
+        case Unit::Microseconds:
+            return "us"_sr;
+        case Unit::Milliseconds:
+            return "ms"_sr;
+        case Unit::Seconds:
+            return "s"_sr;
+        case Unit::Minutes:
+            return "m"_sr;
+        default:
+            return "** internal error **"_sr;
+        }
+
+    }
+    friend auto operator << (std::ostream& os, Duration const& duration) -> std::ostream& {
+        return os << duration.value() << ' ' << duration.unitsAsString();
+    }
+};
+} // end anon namespace
+
+enum class Justification { Left, Right };
+
+struct ColumnInfo {
+    std::string name;
+    std::size_t width;
+    Justification justification;
+};
+
+class TablePrinter {
+    std::ostream& m_os;
+    std::vector<ColumnInfo> m_columnInfos;
+    ReusableStringStream m_oss;
+    int m_currentColumn = -1;
+    bool m_isOpen = false;
+
+public:
+    TablePrinter( std::ostream& os, std::vector<ColumnInfo> columnInfos )
+    :   m_os( os ),
+        m_columnInfos( CATCH_MOVE( columnInfos ) ) {}
+
+    auto columnInfos() const -> std::vector<ColumnInfo> const& {
+        return m_columnInfos;
+    }
+
+    void open() {
+        if (!m_isOpen) {
+            m_isOpen = true;
+            *this << RowBreak();
+
+            TextFlow::Columns headerCols;
+            for (auto const& info : m_columnInfos) {
+                assert(info.width > 2);
+                headerCols += TextFlow::Column(info.name).width(info.width - 2);
+                headerCols += TextFlow::Spacer( 2 );
+            }
+            m_os << headerCols << '\n';
+
+            m_os << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    void close() {
+        if (m_isOpen) {
+            *this << RowBreak();
+            m_os << '\n' << std::flush;
+            m_isOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<< (TablePrinter& tp, T const& value) {
+        tp.m_oss << value;
+        return tp;
+    }
+
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<< (TablePrinter& tp, ColumnBreak) {
+        auto colStr = tp.m_oss.str();
+        const auto strSize = colStr.size();
+        tp.m_oss.str("");
+        tp.open();
+        if (tp.m_currentColumn == static_cast<int>(tp.m_columnInfos.size() - 1)) {
+            tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
+            tp.m_os << '\n';
+        }
+        tp.m_currentColumn++;
+
+        auto colInfo = tp.m_columnInfos[tp.m_currentColumn];
+        auto padding = (strSize + 1 < colInfo.width)
+            ? std::string(colInfo.width - (strSize + 1), ' ')
+            : std::string();
+        if (colInfo.justification == Justification::Left)
+            tp.m_os << colStr << padding << ' ';
+        else
+            tp.m_os << padding << colStr << ' ';
+        return tp;
+    }
+
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<< (TablePrinter& tp, RowBreak) {
+        if (tp.m_currentColumn > 0) {
+            tp.m_os << '\n';
+            tp.m_currentColumn = -1;
+        }
+        return tp;
+    }
+
+    friend TablePrinter& operator<<(TablePrinter& tp, OutputFlush) {
+        tp.m_os << std::flush;
+        return tp;
+    }
+};
+
+ConsoleReporter::ConsoleReporter(ReporterConfig&& config):
+    StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE( config ) ),
+    m_tablePrinter(Detail::make_unique<TablePrinter>(m_stream,
+        [&config]() -> std::vector<ColumnInfo> {
+        if (config.fullConfig()->benchmarkNoAnalysis())
+        {
+            return{
+                { "benchmark name", CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 43, Justification::Left },
+                { "     samples", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "  iterations", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "        mean", 14, Justification::Right }
+            };
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return{
+                { "benchmark name", CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 43, Justification::Left },
+                { "samples      mean       std dev", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "iterations   low mean   low std dev", 14, Justification::Right },
+                { "est run time high mean  high std dev", 14, Justification::Right }
+            };
+        }
+    }())) {}
+ConsoleReporter::~ConsoleReporter() = default;
+
+std::string ConsoleReporter::getDescription() {
+    return "Reports test results as plain lines of text";
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+    m_stream << "No test cases matched '" << unmatchedSpec << "'\n";
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) {
+    m_stream << "Invalid Filter: " << arg << '\n';
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) {}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) {
+    AssertionResult const& result = _assertionStats.assertionResult;
+
+    bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
+
+    // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
+    // TODO: Make configurable whether skips should be printed
+    if (!includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::ExplicitSkip)
+        return;
+
+    lazyPrint();
+
+    ConsoleAssertionPrinter printer(m_stream, _assertionStats, m_colour.get(), includeResults);
+    printer.print();
+    m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) {
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    m_headerPrinted = false;
+    StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting(_sectionInfo);
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) {
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    if (_sectionStats.missingAssertions) {
+        lazyPrint();
+        auto guard =
+            m_colour->guardColour( Colour::ResultError ).engage( m_stream );
+        if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1)
+            m_stream << "\nNo assertions in section";
+        else
+            m_stream << "\nNo assertions in test case";
+        m_stream << " '" << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << "'\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+    double dur = _sectionStats.durationInSeconds;
+    if (shouldShowDuration(*m_config, dur)) {
+        m_stream << getFormattedDuration(dur) << " s: " << _sectionStats.sectionInfo.name << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+    if (m_headerPrinted) {
+        m_headerPrinted = false;
+    }
+    StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded(_sectionStats);
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+    lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+
+    auto nameCol = TextFlow::Column( static_cast<std::string>( name ) )
+                       .width( m_tablePrinter->columnInfos()[0].width - 2 );
+
+    bool firstLine = true;
+    for (auto line : nameCol) {
+        if (!firstLine)
+            (*m_tablePrinter) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak();
+        else
+            firstLine = false;
+
+        (*m_tablePrinter) << line << ColumnBreak();
+    }
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const& info) {
+    (*m_tablePrinter) << info.samples << ColumnBreak()
+        << info.iterations << ColumnBreak();
+    if ( !m_config->benchmarkNoAnalysis() ) {
+        ( *m_tablePrinter )
+            << Duration( info.estimatedDuration ) << ColumnBreak();
+    }
+    ( *m_tablePrinter ) << OutputFlush{};
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& stats) {
+    if (m_config->benchmarkNoAnalysis())
+    {
+        (*m_tablePrinter) << Duration(stats.mean.point.count()) << ColumnBreak();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        (*m_tablePrinter) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.mean.point.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.mean.lower_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.mean.upper_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.point.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.lower_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak()
+            << Duration(stats.standardDeviation.upper_bound.count()) << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak() << ColumnBreak();
+    }
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) {
+    auto guard = m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Red ).engage( m_stream );
+    (*m_tablePrinter)
+        << "Benchmark failed (" << error << ')'
+        << ColumnBreak() << RowBreak();
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) {
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded(_testCaseStats);
+    m_headerPrinted = false;
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) {
+    printTotalsDivider(_testRunStats.totals);
+    printTestRunTotals( m_stream, *m_colour, _testRunStats.totals );
+    m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+    StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded(_testRunStats);
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo) {
+    StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting(_testRunInfo);
+    if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::BrightYellow ) << "Filters: "
+                 << m_config->testSpec() << '\n';
+    }
+    m_stream << "Randomness seeded to: " << getSeed() << '\n';
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrint() {
+
+    m_tablePrinter->close();
+    lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable() {
+
+    if ( !m_testRunInfoPrinted ) {
+        lazyPrintRunInfo();
+    }
+    if (!m_headerPrinted) {
+        printTestCaseAndSectionHeader();
+        m_headerPrinted = true;
+    }
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::lazyPrintRunInfo() {
+    m_stream << '\n'
+             << lineOfChars( '~' ) << '\n'
+             << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::SecondaryText )
+             << currentTestRunInfo.name << " is a Catch2 v" << libraryVersion()
+             << " host application.\n"
+             << "Run with -? for options\n\n";
+
+    m_testRunInfoPrinted = true;
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::printTestCaseAndSectionHeader() {
+    assert(!m_sectionStack.empty());
+    printOpenHeader(currentTestCaseInfo->name);
+
+    if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1) {
+        auto guard = m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Headers ).engage( m_stream );
+
+        auto
+            it = m_sectionStack.begin() + 1, // Skip first section (test case)
+            itEnd = m_sectionStack.end();
+        for (; it != itEnd; ++it)
+            printHeaderString(it->name, 2);
+    }
+
+    SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.back().lineInfo;
+
+
+    m_stream << lineOfChars( '-' ) << '\n'
+             << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::FileName ) << lineInfo << '\n'
+             << lineOfChars( '.' ) << "\n\n"
+             << std::flush;
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::printClosedHeader(std::string const& _name) {
+    printOpenHeader(_name);
+    m_stream << lineOfChars('.') << '\n';
+}
+void ConsoleReporter::printOpenHeader(std::string const& _name) {
+    m_stream << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+    {
+        auto guard = m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Headers ).engage( m_stream );
+        printHeaderString(_name);
+    }
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::printHeaderString(std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent) {
+    // We want to get a bit fancy with line breaking here, so that subsequent
+    // lines start after ":" if one is present, e.g.
+    // ```
+    // blablabla: Fancy
+    //            linebreaking
+    // ```
+    // but we also want to avoid problems with overly long indentation causing
+    // the text to take up too many lines, e.g.
+    // ```
+    // blablabla: F
+    //            a
+    //            n
+    //            c
+    //            y
+    //            .
+    //            .
+    //            .
+    // ```
+    // So we limit the prefix indentation check to first quarter of the possible
+    // width
+    std::size_t idx = _string.find( ": " );
+    if ( idx != std::string::npos && idx < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH / 4 ) {
+        idx += 2;
+    } else {
+        idx = 0;
+    }
+    m_stream << TextFlow::Column( _string )
+                  .indent( indent + idx )
+                  .initialIndent( indent )
+           << '\n';
+}
+
+void ConsoleReporter::printTotalsDivider(Totals const& totals) {
+    if (totals.testCases.total() > 0) {
+        std::size_t failedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.failed, totals.testCases.total());
+        std::size_t failedButOkRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.failedButOk, totals.testCases.total());
+        std::size_t passedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.passed, totals.testCases.total());
+        std::size_t skippedRatio = makeRatio(totals.testCases.skipped, totals.testCases.total());
+        while (failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio + skippedRatio < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1)
+            findMax(failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio, skippedRatio)++;
+        while (failedRatio + failedButOkRatio + passedRatio > CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1)
+            findMax(failedRatio, failedButOkRatio, passedRatio, skippedRatio)--;
+
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Error )
+                 << std::string( failedRatio, '=' )
+                 << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::ResultExpectedFailure )
+                 << std::string( failedButOkRatio, '=' );
+        if ( totals.testCases.allPassed() ) {
+            m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::ResultSuccess )
+                     << std::string( passedRatio, '=' );
+        } else {
+            m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Success )
+                     << std::string( passedRatio, '=' );
+        }
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Skip )
+                 << std::string( skippedRatio, '=' );
+    } else {
+        m_stream << m_colour->guardColour( Colour::Warning )
+                 << std::string( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1, '=' );
+    }
+    m_stream << '\n';
+}
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#  pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace {
+        struct BySectionInfo {
+            BySectionInfo( SectionInfo const& other ): m_other( other ) {}
+            BySectionInfo( BySectionInfo const& other ) = default;
+            bool operator()(
+                Detail::unique_ptr<CumulativeReporterBase::SectionNode> const&
+                    node ) const {
+                return (
+                    ( node->stats.sectionInfo.name == m_other.name ) &&
+                    ( node->stats.sectionInfo.lineInfo == m_other.lineInfo ) );
+            }
+            void operator=( BySectionInfo const& ) = delete;
+
+        private:
+            SectionInfo const& m_other;
+        };
+
+    } // namespace
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(
+            AssertionStats const& assertion ):
+            m_assertion( assertion ) {}
+
+        AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(
+            BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmark ):
+            m_benchmark( benchmark ) {}
+
+        bool AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::isAssertion() const {
+            return m_assertion.some();
+        }
+        bool AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::isBenchmark() const {
+            return m_benchmark.some();
+        }
+
+        AssertionStats const& AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::asAssertion() const {
+            assert(m_assertion.some());
+
+            return *m_assertion;
+        }
+        BenchmarkStats<> const& AssertionOrBenchmarkResult::asBenchmark() const {
+            assert(m_benchmark.some());
+
+            return *m_benchmark;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    CumulativeReporterBase::~CumulativeReporterBase() = default;
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats) {
+        m_sectionStack.back()->assertionsAndBenchmarks.emplace_back(benchmarkStats);
+    }
+
+    void
+    CumulativeReporterBase::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        // We need a copy, because SectionStats expect to take ownership
+        SectionStats incompleteStats( SectionInfo(sectionInfo), Counts(), 0, false );
+        SectionNode* node;
+        if ( m_sectionStack.empty() ) {
+            if ( !m_rootSection ) {
+                m_rootSection =
+                    Detail::make_unique<SectionNode>( incompleteStats );
+            }
+            node = m_rootSection.get();
+        } else {
+            SectionNode& parentNode = *m_sectionStack.back();
+            auto it = std::find_if( parentNode.childSections.begin(),
+                                    parentNode.childSections.end(),
+                                    BySectionInfo( sectionInfo ) );
+            if ( it == parentNode.childSections.end() ) {
+                auto newNode =
+                    Detail::make_unique<SectionNode>( incompleteStats );
+                node = newNode.get();
+                parentNode.childSections.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( newNode ) );
+            } else {
+                node = it->get();
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_deepestSection = node;
+        m_sectionStack.push_back( node );
+    }
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::assertionEnded(
+        AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
+        // AssertionResult holds a pointer to a temporary DecomposedExpression,
+        // which getExpandedExpression() calls to build the expression string.
+        // Our section stack copy of the assertionResult will likely outlive the
+        // temporary, so it must be expanded or discarded now to avoid calling
+        // a destroyed object later.
+        if ( m_shouldStoreFailedAssertions &&
+             !assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() ) {
+            static_cast<void>(
+                assertionStats.assertionResult.getExpandedExpression() );
+        }
+        if ( m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions &&
+             assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() ) {
+            static_cast<void>(
+                assertionStats.assertionResult.getExpandedExpression() );
+        }
+        SectionNode& sectionNode = *m_sectionStack.back();
+        sectionNode.assertionsAndBenchmarks.emplace_back( assertionStats );
+    }
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
+        assert( !m_sectionStack.empty() );
+        SectionNode& node = *m_sectionStack.back();
+        node.stats = sectionStats;
+        m_sectionStack.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::testCaseEnded(
+        TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        auto node = Detail::make_unique<TestCaseNode>( testCaseStats );
+        assert( m_sectionStack.size() == 0 );
+        node->children.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(m_rootSection) );
+        m_testCases.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(node) );
+
+        assert( m_deepestSection );
+        m_deepestSection->stdOut = testCaseStats.stdOut;
+        m_deepestSection->stdErr = testCaseStats.stdErr;
+    }
+
+
+    void CumulativeReporterBase::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
+        assert(!m_testRun && "CumulativeReporterBase assumes there can only be one test run");
+        m_testRun = Detail::make_unique<TestRunNode>( testRunStats );
+        m_testRun->children.swap( m_testCases );
+        testRunEndedCumulative();
+    }
+
+    bool CumulativeReporterBase::SectionNode::hasAnyAssertions() const {
+        return std::any_of(
+            assertionsAndBenchmarks.begin(),
+            assertionsAndBenchmarks.end(),
+            []( Detail::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult const& res ) {
+                return res.isAssertion();
+            } );
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    void EventListenerBase::fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef ) {}
+
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::benchmarkFailed( StringRef ) {}
+
+    void EventListenerBase::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) {}
+
+    void EventListenerBase::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listReporters(
+        std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCasePartialStarting(TestCaseInfo const&, uint64_t) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCasePartialEnded(TestCaseStats const&, uint64_t) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& ) {}
+    void EventListenerBase::skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& ) {}
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        void listTestNamesOnly(std::ostream& out,
+                               std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+            for (auto const& test : tests) {
+                auto const& testCaseInfo = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+
+                if (startsWith(testCaseInfo.name, '#')) {
+                    out << '"' << testCaseInfo.name << '"';
+                } else {
+                    out << testCaseInfo.name;
+                }
+
+                out << '\n';
+            }
+            out << std::flush;
+        }
+    } // end unnamed namespace
+
+
+    // Because formatting using c++ streams is stateful, drop down to C is
+    // required Alternatively we could use stringstream, but its performance
+    // is... not good.
+    std::string getFormattedDuration( double duration ) {
+        // Max exponent + 1 is required to represent the whole part
+        // + 1 for decimal point
+        // + 3 for the 3 decimal places
+        // + 1 for null terminator
+        const std::size_t maxDoubleSize = DBL_MAX_10_EXP + 1 + 1 + 3 + 1;
+        char buffer[maxDoubleSize];
+
+        // Save previous errno, to prevent sprintf from overwriting it
+        ErrnoGuard guard;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        size_t printedLength = static_cast<size_t>(
+            sprintf_s( buffer, "%.3f", duration ) );
+#else
+        size_t printedLength = static_cast<size_t>(
+            std::snprintf( buffer, maxDoubleSize, "%.3f", duration ) );
+#endif
+        return std::string( buffer, printedLength );
+    }
+
+    bool shouldShowDuration( IConfig const& config, double duration ) {
+        if ( config.showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always ) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if ( config.showDurations() == ShowDurations::Never ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const double min = config.minDuration();
+        return min >= 0 && duration >= min;
+    }
+
+    std::string serializeFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters ) {
+        // We add a ' ' separator between each filter
+        size_t serialized_size = filters.size() - 1;
+        for (auto const& filter : filters) {
+            serialized_size += filter.size();
+        }
+
+        std::string serialized;
+        serialized.reserve(serialized_size);
+        bool first = true;
+
+        for (auto const& filter : filters) {
+            if (!first) {
+                serialized.push_back(' ');
+            }
+            first = false;
+            serialized.append(filter);
+        }
+
+        return serialized;
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& out, lineOfChars value ) {
+        for ( size_t idx = 0; idx < CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1; ++idx ) {
+            out.put( value.c );
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    void
+    defaultListReporters( std::ostream& out,
+                          std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions,
+                          Verbosity verbosity ) {
+        out << "Available reporters:\n";
+        const auto maxNameLen =
+            std::max_element( descriptions.begin(),
+                              descriptions.end(),
+                              []( ReporterDescription const& lhs,
+                                  ReporterDescription const& rhs ) {
+                                  return lhs.name.size() < rhs.name.size();
+                              } )
+                ->name.size();
+
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            if ( verbosity == Verbosity::Quiet ) {
+                out << TextFlow::Column( desc.name )
+                           .indent( 2 )
+                           .width( 5 + maxNameLen )
+                    << '\n';
+            } else {
+                out << TextFlow::Column( desc.name + ':' )
+                               .indent( 2 )
+                               .width( 5 + maxNameLen ) +
+                           TextFlow::Column( desc.description )
+                               .initialIndent( 0 )
+                               .indent( 2 )
+                               .width( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - maxNameLen - 8 )
+                    << '\n';
+            }
+        }
+        out << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void defaultListListeners( std::ostream& out,
+                               std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        out << "Registered listeners:\n";
+
+        if(descriptions.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto maxNameLen =
+            std::max_element( descriptions.begin(),
+                              descriptions.end(),
+                              []( ListenerDescription const& lhs,
+                                  ListenerDescription const& rhs ) {
+                                  return lhs.name.size() < rhs.name.size();
+                              } )
+                ->name.size();
+
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            out << TextFlow::Column( static_cast<std::string>( desc.name ) +
+                                     ':' )
+                           .indent( 2 )
+                           .width( maxNameLen + 5 ) +
+                       TextFlow::Column( desc.description )
+                           .initialIndent( 0 )
+                           .indent( 2 )
+                           .width( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - maxNameLen - 8 )
+                << '\n';
+        }
+
+        out << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void defaultListTags( std::ostream& out,
+                          std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags,
+                          bool isFiltered ) {
+        if ( isFiltered ) {
+            out << "Tags for matching test cases:\n";
+        } else {
+            out << "All available tags:\n";
+        }
+
+        for ( auto const& tagCount : tags ) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << "  " << std::setw( 2 ) << tagCount.count << "  ";
+            auto str = rss.str();
+            auto wrapper = TextFlow::Column( tagCount.all() )
+                               .initialIndent( 0 )
+                               .indent( str.size() )
+                               .width( CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 10 );
+            out << str << wrapper << '\n';
+        }
+        out << pluralise(tags.size(), "tag"_sr) << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void defaultListTests(std::ostream& out, ColourImpl* streamColour, std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests, bool isFiltered, Verbosity verbosity) {
+        // We special case this to provide the equivalent of old
+        // `--list-test-names-only`, which could then be used by the
+        // `--input-file` option.
+        if (verbosity == Verbosity::Quiet) {
+            listTestNamesOnly(out, tests);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (isFiltered) {
+            out << "Matching test cases:\n";
+        } else {
+            out << "All available test cases:\n";
+        }
+
+        for (auto const& test : tests) {
+            auto const& testCaseInfo = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+            Colour::Code colour = testCaseInfo.isHidden()
+                ? Colour::SecondaryText
+                : Colour::None;
+            auto colourGuard = streamColour->guardColour( colour ).engage( out );
+
+            out << TextFlow::Column(testCaseInfo.name).indent(2) << '\n';
+            if (verbosity >= Verbosity::High) {
+                out << TextFlow::Column(Catch::Detail::stringify(testCaseInfo.lineInfo)).indent(4) << '\n';
+            }
+            if (!testCaseInfo.tags.empty() &&
+                verbosity > Verbosity::Quiet) {
+                out << TextFlow::Column(testCaseInfo.tagsAsString()).indent(6) << '\n';
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (isFiltered) {
+            out << pluralise(tests.size(), "matching test case"_sr);
+        } else {
+            out << pluralise(tests.size(), "test case"_sr);
+        }
+        out << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    namespace {
+        class SummaryColumn {
+        public:
+            SummaryColumn( std::string suffix, Colour::Code colour ):
+                m_suffix( CATCH_MOVE( suffix ) ), m_colour( colour ) {}
+
+            SummaryColumn&& addRow( std::uint64_t count ) && {
+                std::string row = std::to_string(count);
+                auto const new_width = std::max( m_width, row.size() );
+                if ( new_width > m_width ) {
+                    for ( auto& oldRow : m_rows ) {
+                        oldRow.insert( 0, new_width - m_width, ' ' );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    row.insert( 0, m_width - row.size(), ' ' );
+                }
+                m_width = new_width;
+                m_rows.push_back( row );
+                return std::move( *this );
+            }
+
+            std::string const& getSuffix() const { return m_suffix; }
+            Colour::Code getColour() const { return m_colour; }
+            std::string const& getRow( std::size_t index ) const {
+                return m_rows[index];
+            }
+
+        private:
+            std::string m_suffix;
+            Colour::Code m_colour;
+            std::size_t m_width = 0;
+            std::vector<std::string> m_rows;
+        };
+
+        void printSummaryRow( std::ostream& stream,
+                              ColourImpl& colour,
+                              StringRef label,
+                              std::vector<SummaryColumn> const& cols,
+                              std::size_t row ) {
+            for ( auto const& col : cols ) {
+                auto const& value = col.getRow( row );
+                auto const& suffix = col.getSuffix();
+                if ( suffix.empty() ) {
+                    stream << label << ": ";
+                    if ( value != "0" ) {
+                        stream << value;
+                    } else {
+                        stream << colour.guardColour( Colour::Warning )
+                               << "- none -";
+                    }
+                } else if ( value != "0" ) {
+                    stream << colour.guardColour( Colour::LightGrey ) << " | "
+                           << colour.guardColour( col.getColour() ) << value
+                           << ' ' << suffix;
+                }
+            }
+            stream << '\n';
+        }
+    } // namespace
+
+    void printTestRunTotals( std::ostream& stream,
+                             ColourImpl& streamColour,
+                             Totals const& totals ) {
+        if ( totals.testCases.total() == 0 ) {
+            stream << streamColour.guardColour( Colour::Warning )
+                   << "No tests ran\n";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ( totals.assertions.total() > 0 && totals.testCases.allPassed() ) {
+            stream << streamColour.guardColour( Colour::ResultSuccess )
+                   << "All tests passed";
+            stream << " ("
+                   << pluralise( totals.assertions.passed, "assertion"_sr )
+                   << " in "
+                   << pluralise( totals.testCases.passed, "test case"_sr )
+                   << ')' << '\n';
+            return;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<SummaryColumn> columns;
+        // Don't include "skipped assertions" in total count
+        const auto totalAssertionCount =
+            totals.assertions.total() - totals.assertions.skipped;
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "", Colour::None )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.total() )
+                               .addRow( totalAssertionCount ) );
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "passed", Colour::Success )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.passed )
+                               .addRow( totals.assertions.passed ) );
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "failed", Colour::ResultError )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.failed )
+                               .addRow( totals.assertions.failed ) );
+        columns.push_back( SummaryColumn( "skipped", Colour::Skip )
+                               .addRow( totals.testCases.skipped )
+                               // Don't print "skipped assertions"
+                               .addRow( 0 ) );
+        columns.push_back(
+            SummaryColumn( "failed as expected", Colour::ResultExpectedFailure )
+                .addRow( totals.testCases.failedButOk )
+                .addRow( totals.assertions.failedButOk ) );
+        printSummaryRow( stream, streamColour, "test cases"_sr, columns, 0 );
+        printSummaryRow( stream, streamColour, "assertions"_sr, columns, 1 );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+//
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace {
+        void writeSourceInfo( JsonObjectWriter& writer,
+                              SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo ) {
+            auto source_location_writer =
+                writer.write( "source-location"_sr ).writeObject();
+            source_location_writer.write( "filename"_sr )
+                .write( sourceInfo.file );
+            source_location_writer.write( "line"_sr ).write( sourceInfo.line );
+        }
+
+        void writeTags( JsonArrayWriter writer, std::vector<Tag> const& tags ) {
+            for ( auto const& tag : tags ) {
+                writer.write( tag.original );
+            }
+        }
+
+        void writeProperties( JsonArrayWriter writer,
+                              TestCaseInfo const& info ) {
+            if ( info.isHidden() ) { writer.write( "is-hidden"_sr ); }
+            if ( info.okToFail() ) { writer.write( "ok-to-fail"_sr ); }
+            if ( info.expectedToFail() ) {
+                writer.write( "expected-to-fail"_sr );
+            }
+            if ( info.throws() ) { writer.write( "throws"_sr ); }
+        }
+
+    } // namespace
+
+    JsonReporter::JsonReporter( ReporterConfig&& config ):
+        StreamingReporterBase{ CATCH_MOVE( config ) } {
+
+        m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+        // TBD: Do we want to report all assertions? XML reporter does
+        //      not, but for machine-parseable reporters I think the answer
+        //      should be yes.
+        m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+
+        m_objectWriters.emplace( m_stream );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Object );
+        auto& writer = m_objectWriters.top();
+
+        writer.write( "version"_sr ).write( 1 );
+
+        {
+            auto metadata_writer = writer.write( "metadata"_sr ).writeObject();
+            metadata_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( m_config->name() );
+            metadata_writer.write( "rng-seed"_sr ).write( m_config->rngSeed() );
+            metadata_writer.write( "catch2-version"_sr )
+                .write( libraryVersion() );
+            if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+                metadata_writer.write( "filters"_sr )
+                    .write( m_config->testSpec() );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    JsonReporter::~JsonReporter() {
+        endListing();
+        // TODO: Ensure this closes the top level object, add asserts
+        assert( m_writers.size() == 1 && "Only the top level object should be open" );
+        assert( m_writers.top() == Writer::Object );
+        endObject();
+        m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+        assert( m_writers.empty() );
+    }
+
+    JsonArrayWriter& JsonReporter::startArray() {
+        m_arrayWriters.emplace( m_arrayWriters.top().writeArray() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Array );
+        return m_arrayWriters.top();
+    }
+    JsonArrayWriter& JsonReporter::startArray( StringRef key ) {
+        m_arrayWriters.emplace(
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( key ).writeArray() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Array );
+        return m_arrayWriters.top();
+    }
+
+    JsonObjectWriter& JsonReporter::startObject() {
+        m_objectWriters.emplace( m_arrayWriters.top().writeObject() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Object );
+        return m_objectWriters.top();
+    }
+    JsonObjectWriter& JsonReporter::startObject( StringRef key ) {
+        m_objectWriters.emplace(
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( key ).writeObject() );
+        m_writers.emplace( Writer::Object );
+        return m_objectWriters.top();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::endObject() {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Object ) );
+        m_objectWriters.pop();
+        m_writers.pop();
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::endArray() {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        m_arrayWriters.pop();
+        m_writers.pop();
+    }
+
+    bool JsonReporter::isInside( Writer writer ) {
+        return !m_writers.empty() && m_writers.top() == writer;
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::startListing() {
+        if ( !m_startedListing ) { startObject( "listings"_sr ); }
+        m_startedListing = true;
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::endListing() {
+        if ( m_startedListing ) { endObject(); }
+        m_startedListing = false;
+    }
+
+    std::string JsonReporter::getDescription() {
+        return "Outputs listings as JSON. Test listing is Work-in-Progress!";
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( runInfo );
+        endListing();
+
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Object ) );
+        startObject( "test-run"_sr );
+        startArray( "test-cases"_sr );
+    }
+
+     static void writeCounts( JsonObjectWriter&& writer, Counts const& counts ) {
+        writer.write( "passed"_sr ).write( counts.passed );
+        writer.write( "failed"_sr ).write( counts.failed );
+        writer.write( "fail-but-ok"_sr ).write( counts.failedButOk );
+        writer.write( "skipped"_sr ).write( counts.skipped );
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& runStats) {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        // End "test-cases"
+        endArray();
+
+        {
+            auto totals =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "totals"_sr ).writeObject();
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "assertions"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         runStats.totals.assertions );
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "test-cases"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         runStats.totals.testCases );
+        }
+
+        // End the "test-run" object
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& tcInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting( tcInfo );
+
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) &&
+                "We should be in the 'test-cases' array" );
+        startObject();
+        // "test-info" prelude
+        {
+            auto testInfo =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "test-info"_sr ).writeObject();
+            // TODO: handle testName vs className!!
+            testInfo.write( "name"_sr ).write( tcInfo.name );
+            writeSourceInfo(testInfo, tcInfo.lineInfo);
+            writeTags( testInfo.write( "tags"_sr ).writeArray(), tcInfo.tags );
+            writeProperties( testInfo.write( "properties"_sr ).writeArray(),
+                             tcInfo );
+        }
+
+
+        // Start the array for individual test runs (testCasePartial pairs)
+        startArray( "runs"_sr );
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( tcStats );
+
+        // We need to close the 'runs' array before finishing the test case
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        endArray();
+
+        {
+            auto totals =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "totals"_sr ).writeObject();
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "assertions"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         tcStats.totals.assertions );
+            // We do not write the test case totals, because there will always be just one test case here.
+            // TODO: overall "result" -> success, skip, fail here? Or in partial result?
+        }
+        // We do not write out stderr/stdout, because we instead wrote those out in partial runs
+
+        // TODO: aborting?
+
+        // And we also close this test case's object
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Object ) );
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& /*tcInfo*/,
+                                                uint64_t index ) {
+        startObject();
+        m_objectWriters.top().write( "run-idx"_sr ).write( index );
+        startArray( "path"_sr );
+        // TODO: we want to delay most of the printing to the 'root' section
+        // TODO: childSection key name?
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats,
+                                             uint64_t /*index*/ ) {
+        // Fixme: the top level section handles this.
+        //// path object
+        endArray();
+        if ( !tcStats.stdOut.empty() ) {
+            m_objectWriters.top()
+                .write( "captured-stdout"_sr )
+                .write( tcStats.stdOut );
+        }
+        if ( !tcStats.stdErr.empty() ) {
+            m_objectWriters.top()
+                .write( "captured-stderr"_sr )
+                .write( tcStats.stdErr );
+        }
+        {
+            auto totals =
+                m_objectWriters.top().write( "totals"_sr ).writeObject();
+            writeCounts( totals.write( "assertions"_sr ).writeObject(),
+                         tcStats.totals.assertions );
+            // We do not write the test case totals, because there will
+            // always be just one test case here.
+            // TODO: overall "result" -> success, skip, fail here? Or in
+            // partial result?
+        }
+        // TODO: aborting?
+        // run object
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) &&
+                "Section should always start inside an object" );
+        // We want to nest top level sections, even though it shares name
+        // and source loc with the TEST_CASE
+        auto& sectionObject = startObject();
+        sectionObject.write( "kind"_sr ).write( "section"_sr );
+        sectionObject.write( "name"_sr ).write( sectionInfo.name );
+        writeSourceInfo( m_objectWriters.top(), sectionInfo.lineInfo );
+
+
+        // TBD: Do we want to create this event lazily? It would become
+        //      rather complex, but we could do it, and it would look
+        //      better for empty sections. OTOH, empty sections should
+        //      be rare.
+        startArray( "path"_sr );
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& /*sectionStats */) {
+        // End the subpath array
+        endArray();
+        // TODO: metadata
+        // TODO: what info do we have here?
+
+        // End the section object
+        endObject();
+    }
+
+    void JsonReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& /*assertionInfo*/ ) {}
+    void JsonReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        // TODO: There is lot of different things to handle here, but
+        //       we can fill it in later, after we show that the basic
+        //       outline and streaming reporter impl works well enough.
+        //if ( !m_config->includeSuccessfulResults()
+        //    && assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() ) {
+        //    return;
+        //}
+        assert( isInside( Writer::Array ) );
+        auto assertionObject = m_arrayWriters.top().writeObject();
+
+        assertionObject.write( "kind"_sr ).write( "assertion"_sr );
+        writeSourceInfo( assertionObject,
+                         assertionStats.assertionResult.getSourceInfo() );
+        assertionObject.write( "status"_sr )
+            .write( assertionStats.assertionResult.isOk() );
+        // TODO: handling of result.
+        // TODO: messages
+        // TODO: totals?
+    }
+
+
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) { (void)name; }
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) {}
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) {}
+    void JsonReporter::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) { (void)error; }
+
+    void JsonReporter::listReporters(
+        std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer =
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( "reporters"_sr ).writeArray();
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            auto desc_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            desc_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( desc.name );
+            desc_writer.write( "description"_sr ).write( desc.description );
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer =
+            m_objectWriters.top().write( "listeners"_sr ).writeArray();
+
+        for ( auto const& desc : descriptions ) {
+            auto desc_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            desc_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( desc.name );
+            desc_writer.write( "description"_sr ).write( desc.description );
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer = m_objectWriters.top().write( "tests"_sr ).writeArray();
+
+        for ( auto const& test : tests ) {
+            auto desc_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            auto const& info = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+
+            desc_writer.write( "name"_sr ).write( info.name );
+            desc_writer.write( "class-name"_sr ).write( info.className );
+            {
+                auto tag_writer = desc_writer.write( "tags"_sr ).writeArray();
+                for ( auto const& tag : info.tags ) {
+                    tag_writer.write( tag.original );
+                }
+            }
+            writeSourceInfo( desc_writer, info.lineInfo );
+        }
+    }
+    void JsonReporter::listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags ) {
+        startListing();
+
+        auto writer = m_objectWriters.top().write( "tags"_sr ).writeArray();
+        for ( auto const& tag : tags ) {
+            auto tag_writer = writer.writeObject();
+            {
+                auto aliases_writer =
+                    tag_writer.write( "aliases"_sr ).writeArray();
+                for ( auto alias : tag.spellings ) {
+                    aliases_writer.write( alias );
+                }
+            }
+            tag_writer.write( "count"_sr ).write( tag.count );
+        }
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        std::string getCurrentTimestamp() {
+            time_t rawtime;
+            std::time(&rawtime);
+
+            std::tm timeInfo = {};
+#if defined (_MSC_VER) || defined (__MINGW32__)
+            gmtime_s(&timeInfo, &rawtime);
+#elif defined (CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION)
+            gmtime_s(&rawtime, &timeInfo);
+#elif defined (__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+            timeInfo = *std::gmtime(&rawtime);
+#else
+            gmtime_r(&rawtime, &timeInfo);
+#endif
+
+            auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+            char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+            const char * const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, &timeInfo);
+
+            return std::string(timeStamp, timeStampSize - 1);
+        }
+
+        std::string fileNameTag(std::vector<Tag> const& tags) {
+            auto it = std::find_if(begin(tags),
+                                   end(tags),
+                                   [] (Tag const& tag) {
+                                       return tag.original.size() > 0
+                                           && tag.original[0] == '#'; });
+            if (it != tags.end()) {
+                return static_cast<std::string>(
+                    it->original.substr(1, it->original.size() - 1)
+                );
+            }
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // Formats the duration in seconds to 3 decimal places.
+        // This is done because some genius defined Maven Surefire schema
+        // in a way that only accepts 3 decimal places, and tools like
+        // Jenkins use that schema for validation JUnit reporter output.
+        std::string formatDuration( double seconds ) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << std::fixed << std::setprecision( 3 ) << seconds;
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+
+        static void normalizeNamespaceMarkers(std::string& str) {
+            std::size_t pos = str.find( "::" );
+            while ( pos != std::string::npos ) {
+                str.replace( pos, 2, "." );
+                pos += 1;
+                pos = str.find( "::", pos );
+            }
+        }
+
+    } // anonymous namespace
+
+    JunitReporter::JunitReporter( ReporterConfig&& _config )
+        :   CumulativeReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(_config) ),
+            xml( m_stream )
+        {
+            m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+            m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = false;
+            m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions = false;
+        }
+
+    std::string JunitReporter::getDescription() {
+        return "Reports test results in an XML format that looks like Ant's junitreport target";
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo )  {
+        CumulativeReporterBase::testRunStarting( runInfo );
+        xml.startElement( "testsuites" );
+        suiteTimer.start();
+        stdOutForSuite.clear();
+        stdErrForSuite.clear();
+        unexpectedExceptions = 0;
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo ) {
+        m_okToFail = testCaseInfo.okToFail();
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        if( assertionStats.assertionResult.getResultType() == ResultWas::ThrewException && !m_okToFail )
+            unexpectedExceptions++;
+        CumulativeReporterBase::assertionEnded( assertionStats );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        stdOutForSuite += testCaseStats.stdOut;
+        stdErrForSuite += testCaseStats.stdErr;
+        CumulativeReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::testRunEndedCumulative() {
+        const auto suiteTime = suiteTimer.getElapsedSeconds();
+        writeRun( *m_testRun, suiteTime );
+        xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeRun( TestRunNode const& testRunNode, double suiteTime ) {
+        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testsuite" );
+
+        TestRunStats const& stats = testRunNode.value;
+        xml.writeAttribute( "name"_sr, stats.runInfo.name );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "errors"_sr, unexpectedExceptions );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, stats.totals.assertions.failed-unexpectedExceptions );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "skipped"_sr, stats.totals.assertions.skipped );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "tests"_sr, stats.totals.assertions.total() );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "hostname"_sr, "tbd"_sr ); // !TBD
+        if( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Never )
+            xml.writeAttribute( "time"_sr, ""_sr );
+        else
+            xml.writeAttribute( "time"_sr, formatDuration( suiteTime ) );
+        xml.writeAttribute( "timestamp"_sr, getCurrentTimestamp() );
+
+        // Write properties
+        {
+            auto properties = xml.scopedElement("properties");
+            xml.scopedElement("property")
+                .writeAttribute("name"_sr, "random-seed"_sr)
+                .writeAttribute("value"_sr, m_config->rngSeed());
+            if (m_config->testSpec().hasFilters()) {
+                xml.scopedElement("property")
+                    .writeAttribute("name"_sr, "filters"_sr)
+                    .writeAttribute("value"_sr, m_config->testSpec());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Write test cases
+        for( auto const& child : testRunNode.children )
+            writeTestCase( *child );
+
+        xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( stdOutForSuite ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( stdErrForSuite ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeTestCase( TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode ) {
+        TestCaseStats const& stats = testCaseNode.value;
+
+        // All test cases have exactly one section - which represents the
+        // test case itself. That section may have 0-n nested sections
+        assert( testCaseNode.children.size() == 1 );
+        SectionNode const& rootSection = *testCaseNode.children.front();
+
+        std::string className =
+            static_cast<std::string>( stats.testInfo->className );
+
+        if( className.empty() ) {
+            className = fileNameTag(stats.testInfo->tags);
+            if ( className.empty() ) {
+                className = "global";
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( !m_config->name().empty() )
+            className = static_cast<std::string>(m_config->name()) + '.' + className;
+
+        normalizeNamespaceMarkers(className);
+
+        writeSection( className, "", rootSection, stats.testInfo->okToFail() );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeSection( std::string const& className,
+                                      std::string const& rootName,
+                                      SectionNode const& sectionNode,
+                                      bool testOkToFail) {
+        std::string name = trim( sectionNode.stats.sectionInfo.name );
+        if( !rootName.empty() )
+            name = rootName + '/' + name;
+
+        if ( sectionNode.stats.assertions.total() > 0
+           || !sectionNode.stdOut.empty()
+           || !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() ) {
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( "testcase" );
+            if( className.empty() ) {
+                xml.writeAttribute( "classname"_sr, name );
+                xml.writeAttribute( "name"_sr, "root"_sr );
+            }
+            else {
+                xml.writeAttribute( "classname"_sr, className );
+                xml.writeAttribute( "name"_sr, name );
+            }
+            xml.writeAttribute( "time"_sr, formatDuration( sectionNode.stats.durationInSeconds ) );
+            // This is not ideal, but it should be enough to mimic gtest's
+            // junit output.
+            // Ideally the JUnit reporter would also handle `skipTest`
+            // events and write those out appropriately.
+            xml.writeAttribute( "status"_sr, "run"_sr );
+
+            if (sectionNode.stats.assertions.failedButOk) {
+                xml.scopedElement("skipped")
+                    .writeAttribute("message", "TEST_CASE tagged with !mayfail");
+            }
+
+            writeAssertions( sectionNode );
+
+
+            if( !sectionNode.stdOut.empty() )
+                xml.scopedElement( "system-out" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdOut ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+            if( !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() )
+                xml.scopedElement( "system-err" ).writeText( trim( sectionNode.stdErr ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        }
+        for( auto const& childNode : sectionNode.childSections )
+            if( className.empty() )
+                writeSection( name, "", *childNode, testOkToFail );
+            else
+                writeSection( className, name, *childNode, testOkToFail );
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeAssertions( SectionNode const& sectionNode ) {
+        for (auto const& assertionOrBenchmark : sectionNode.assertionsAndBenchmarks) {
+            if (assertionOrBenchmark.isAssertion()) {
+                writeAssertion(assertionOrBenchmark.asAssertion());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void JunitReporter::writeAssertion( AssertionStats const& stats ) {
+        AssertionResult const& result = stats.assertionResult;
+        if ( !result.isOk() ||
+             result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            std::string elementName;
+            switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                    elementName = "error";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                    elementName = "failure";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                    elementName = "skipped";
+                    break;
+                // We should never see these here:
+                case ResultWas::Info:
+                case ResultWas::Warning:
+                case ResultWas::Ok:
+                case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                case ResultWas::Exception:
+                    elementName = "internalError";
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement( elementName );
+
+            xml.writeAttribute( "message"_sr, result.getExpression() );
+            xml.writeAttribute( "type"_sr, result.getTestMacroName() );
+
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            if ( result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+                rss << "SKIPPED\n";
+            } else {
+                rss << "FAILED" << ":\n";
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    rss << "  ";
+                    rss << result.getExpressionInMacro();
+                    rss << '\n';
+                }
+                if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+                    rss << "with expansion:\n";
+                    rss << TextFlow::Column(result.getExpandedExpression()).indent(2) << '\n';
+                }
+            }
+
+            if( result.hasMessage() )
+                rss << result.getMessage() << '\n';
+            for( auto const& msg : stats.infoMessages )
+                if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info )
+                    rss << msg.message << '\n';
+
+            rss << "at " << result.getSourceInfo();
+            xml.writeText( rss.str(), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    void MultiReporter::updatePreferences(IEventListener const& reporterish) {
+        m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut |=
+            reporterish.getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut;
+        m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions |=
+            reporterish.getPreferences().shouldReportAllAssertions;
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::addListener( IEventListenerPtr&& listener ) {
+        updatePreferences(*listener);
+        m_reporterLikes.insert(m_reporterLikes.begin() + m_insertedListeners, CATCH_MOVE(listener) );
+        ++m_insertedListeners;
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::addReporter( IEventListenerPtr&& reporter ) {
+        updatePreferences(*reporter);
+
+        // We will need to output the captured stdout if there are reporters
+        // that do not want it captured.
+        // We do not consider listeners, because it is generally assumed that
+        // listeners are output-transparent, even though they can ask for stdout
+        // capture to do something with it.
+        m_haveNoncapturingReporters |= !reporter->getPreferences().shouldRedirectStdOut;
+
+        // Reporters can always be placed to the back without breaking the
+        // reporting order
+        m_reporterLikes.push_back( CATCH_MOVE( reporter ) );
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->noMatchingTestCases( unmatchedSpec );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->fatalErrorEncountered( error );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->reportInvalidTestSpec( arg );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkPreparing(name);
+        }
+    }
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkStarting( benchmarkInfo );
+        }
+    }
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkEnded( benchmarkStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->benchmarkFailed(error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testRunStarting( testRunInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCaseStarting( testInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void
+    MultiReporter::testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo,
+                                                uint64_t partNumber ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCasePartialStarting( testInfo, partNumber );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->assertionStarting( assertionInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+        const bool reportByDefault =
+            assertionStats.assertionResult.getResultType() != ResultWas::Ok ||
+            m_config->includeSuccessfulResults();
+
+        for ( auto & reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            if ( reportByDefault ||
+                 reporterish->getPreferences().shouldReportAllAssertions ) {
+                    reporterish->assertionEnded( assertionStats );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->sectionEnded( sectionStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& testStats,
+                                                  uint64_t partNumber ) {
+        if ( m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut &&
+             m_haveNoncapturingReporters ) {
+            if ( !testStats.stdOut.empty() ) {
+                Catch::cout() << testStats.stdOut << std::flush;
+            }
+            if ( !testStats.stdErr.empty() ) {
+                Catch::cerr() << testStats.stdErr << std::flush;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCasePartialEnded( testStats, partNumber );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->testRunEnded( testRunStats );
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    void MultiReporter::skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->skipTest( testInfo );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->listReporters(descriptions);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listListeners(
+        std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) {
+        for ( auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes ) {
+            reporterish->listListeners( descriptions );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->listTests(tests);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void MultiReporter::listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) {
+        for (auto& reporterish : m_reporterLikes) {
+            reporterish->listTags(tags);
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        void registerReporterImpl( std::string const& name,
+                                   IReporterFactoryPtr reporterPtr ) {
+            CATCH_TRY {
+                getMutableRegistryHub().registerReporter(
+                    name, CATCH_MOVE( reporterPtr ) );
+            }
+            CATCH_CATCH_ALL {
+                // Do not throw when constructing global objects, instead
+                // register the exception to be processed later
+                getMutableRegistryHub().registerStartupException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        void registerListenerImpl( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> listenerFactory ) {
+            getMutableRegistryHub().registerListener( CATCH_MOVE(listenerFactory) );
+        }
+
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <map>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        std::string createMetadataString(IConfig const& config) {
+            ReusableStringStream sstr;
+            if ( config.testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+                sstr << "filters='"
+                         << config.testSpec()
+                         << "' ";
+            }
+            sstr << "rng-seed=" << config.rngSeed();
+            return sstr.str();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo) {
+        CumulativeReporterBase::testRunStarting(testRunInfo);
+
+        xml.writeComment( createMetadataString( *m_config ) );
+        xml.startElement("testExecutions");
+        xml.writeAttribute("version"_sr, '1');
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeRun( TestRunNode const& runNode ) {
+        std::map<StringRef, std::vector<TestCaseNode const*>> testsPerFile;
+
+        for ( auto const& child : runNode.children ) {
+            testsPerFile[child->value.testInfo->lineInfo.file].push_back(
+                child.get() );
+        }
+
+        for ( auto const& kv : testsPerFile ) {
+            writeTestFile( kv.first, kv.second );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeTestFile(StringRef filename, std::vector<TestCaseNode const*> const& testCaseNodes) {
+        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement("file");
+        xml.writeAttribute("path"_sr, filename);
+
+        for (auto const& child : testCaseNodes)
+            writeTestCase(*child);
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeTestCase(TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode) {
+        // All test cases have exactly one section - which represents the
+        // test case itself. That section may have 0-n nested sections
+        assert(testCaseNode.children.size() == 1);
+        SectionNode const& rootSection = *testCaseNode.children.front();
+        writeSection("", rootSection, testCaseNode.value.testInfo->okToFail());
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeSection(std::string const& rootName, SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail) {
+        std::string name = trim(sectionNode.stats.sectionInfo.name);
+        if (!rootName.empty())
+            name = rootName + '/' + name;
+
+        if ( sectionNode.stats.assertions.total() > 0
+            || !sectionNode.stdOut.empty()
+            || !sectionNode.stdErr.empty() ) {
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement("testCase");
+            xml.writeAttribute("name"_sr, name);
+            xml.writeAttribute("duration"_sr, static_cast<long>(sectionNode.stats.durationInSeconds * 1000));
+
+            writeAssertions(sectionNode, okToFail);
+        }
+
+        for (auto const& childNode : sectionNode.childSections)
+            writeSection(name, *childNode, okToFail);
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeAssertions(SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail) {
+        for (auto const& assertionOrBenchmark : sectionNode.assertionsAndBenchmarks) {
+            if (assertionOrBenchmark.isAssertion()) {
+                writeAssertion(assertionOrBenchmark.asAssertion(), okToFail);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SonarQubeReporter::writeAssertion(AssertionStats const& stats, bool okToFail) {
+        AssertionResult const& result = stats.assertionResult;
+        if ( !result.isOk() ||
+             result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            std::string elementName;
+            if (okToFail) {
+                elementName = "skipped";
+            } else {
+                switch (result.getResultType()) {
+                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                    elementName = "error";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                    elementName = "failure";
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                    elementName = "skipped";
+                    break;
+                    // We should never see these here:
+                case ResultWas::Info:
+                case ResultWas::Warning:
+                case ResultWas::Ok:
+                case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                case ResultWas::Exception:
+                    elementName = "internalError";
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = xml.scopedElement(elementName);
+
+            ReusableStringStream messageRss;
+            messageRss << result.getTestMacroName() << '(' << result.getExpression() << ')';
+            xml.writeAttribute("message"_sr, messageRss.str());
+
+            ReusableStringStream textRss;
+            if ( result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+                textRss << "SKIPPED\n";
+            } else {
+                textRss << "FAILED:\n";
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    textRss << '\t' << result.getExpressionInMacro() << '\n';
+                }
+                if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+                    textRss << "with expansion:\n\t" << result.getExpandedExpression() << '\n';
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (result.hasMessage())
+                textRss << result.getMessage() << '\n';
+
+            for (auto const& msg : stats.infoMessages)
+                if (msg.type == ResultWas::Info)
+                    textRss << msg.message << '\n';
+
+            textRss << "at " << result.getSourceInfo();
+            xml.writeText(textRss.str(), XmlFormatting::Newline);
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    StreamingReporterBase::~StreamingReporterBase() = default;
+
+    void
+    StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo ) {
+        currentTestRunInfo = _testRunInfo;
+    }
+
+    void StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& ) {
+        currentTestCaseInfo = nullptr;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        // Yes, this has to be outside the class and namespaced by naming.
+        // Making older compiler happy is hard.
+        static constexpr StringRef tapFailedString = "not ok"_sr;
+        static constexpr StringRef tapPassedString = "ok"_sr;
+        static constexpr Colour::Code tapDimColour = Colour::FileName;
+
+        class TapAssertionPrinter {
+        public:
+            TapAssertionPrinter& operator= (TapAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+            TapAssertionPrinter(TapAssertionPrinter const&) = delete;
+            TapAssertionPrinter(std::ostream& _stream, AssertionStats const& _stats, std::size_t _counter, ColourImpl* colour_)
+                : stream(_stream)
+                , result(_stats.assertionResult)
+                , messages(_stats.infoMessages)
+                , itMessage(_stats.infoMessages.begin())
+                , printInfoMessages(true)
+                , counter(_counter)
+                , colourImpl( colour_ ) {}
+
+            void print() {
+                itMessage = messages.begin();
+
+                switch (result.getResultType()) {
+                case ResultWas::Ok:
+                    printResultType(tapPassedString);
+                    printOriginalExpression();
+                    printReconstructedExpression();
+                    if (!result.hasExpression())
+                        printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+                    else
+                        printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                    if (result.isOk()) {
+                        printResultType(tapPassedString);
+                    } else {
+                        printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    }
+                    printOriginalExpression();
+                    printReconstructedExpression();
+                    if (result.isOk()) {
+                        printIssue(" # TODO");
+                    }
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("unexpected exception with message:"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printExpressionWas();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("fatal error condition with message:"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printExpressionWas();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("expected exception, got none"_sr);
+                    printExpressionWas();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::Info:
+                    printResultType("info"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::Warning:
+                    printResultType("warning"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                    printResultType(tapFailedString);
+                    printIssue("explicitly"_sr);
+                    printRemainingMessages(Colour::None);
+                    break;
+                case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                    printResultType(tapPassedString);
+                    printIssue(" # SKIP"_sr);
+                    printMessage();
+                    printRemainingMessages();
+                    break;
+                    // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+                case ResultWas::Unknown:
+                case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+                case ResultWas::Exception:
+                    printResultType("** internal error **"_sr);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+        private:
+            void printResultType(StringRef passOrFail) const {
+                if (!passOrFail.empty()) {
+                    stream << passOrFail << ' ' << counter << " -";
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printIssue(StringRef issue) const {
+                stream << ' ' << issue;
+            }
+
+            void printExpressionWas() {
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    stream << ';';
+                    stream << colourImpl->guardColour( tapDimColour )
+                           << " expression was:";
+                    printOriginalExpression();
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printOriginalExpression() const {
+                if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                    stream << ' ' << result.getExpression();
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printReconstructedExpression() const {
+                if (result.hasExpandedExpression()) {
+                    stream << colourImpl->guardColour( tapDimColour ) << " for: ";
+
+                    std::string expr = result.getExpandedExpression();
+                    std::replace(expr.begin(), expr.end(), '\n', ' ');
+                    stream << expr;
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printMessage() {
+                if (itMessage != messages.end()) {
+                    stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+                    ++itMessage;
+                }
+            }
+
+            void printRemainingMessages(Colour::Code colour = tapDimColour) {
+                if (itMessage == messages.end()) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // using messages.end() directly (or auto) yields compilation error:
+                std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itEnd = messages.end();
+                const std::size_t N = static_cast<std::size_t>(itEnd - itMessage);
+
+                stream << colourImpl->guardColour( colour ) << " with "
+                       << pluralise( N, "message"_sr ) << ':';
+
+                for (; itMessage != itEnd; ) {
+                    // If this assertion is a warning ignore any INFO messages
+                    if (printInfoMessages || itMessage->type != ResultWas::Info) {
+                        stream << " '" << itMessage->message << '\'';
+                        if (++itMessage != itEnd) {
+                            stream << colourImpl->guardColour(tapDimColour) << " and";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        private:
+            std::ostream& stream;
+            AssertionResult const& result;
+            std::vector<MessageInfo> const& messages;
+            std::vector<MessageInfo>::const_iterator itMessage;
+            bool printInfoMessages;
+            std::size_t counter;
+            ColourImpl* colourImpl;
+        };
+
+    } // End anonymous namespace
+
+    void TAPReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) {
+        if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+            m_stream << "# filters: " << m_config->testSpec() << '\n';
+        }
+        m_stream << "# rng-seed: " << m_config->rngSeed() << '\n';
+    }
+
+    void TAPReporter::noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) {
+        m_stream << "# No test cases matched '" << unmatchedSpec << "'\n";
+    }
+
+    void TAPReporter::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) {
+        ++counter;
+
+        m_stream << "# " << currentTestCaseInfo->name << '\n';
+        TapAssertionPrinter printer(m_stream, _assertionStats, counter, m_colour.get());
+        printer.print();
+
+        m_stream << '\n' << std::flush;
+    }
+
+    void TAPReporter::testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) {
+        m_stream << "1.." << _testRunStats.totals.assertions.total();
+        if (_testRunStats.totals.testCases.total() == 0) {
+            m_stream << " # Skipped: No tests ran.";
+        }
+        m_stream << "\n\n" << std::flush;
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded(_testRunStats);
+    }
+
+
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace {
+        // if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
+        // subsequent lines
+        void printHeaderString(std::ostream& os, std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent = 0) {
+            std::size_t i = _string.find(": ");
+            if (i != std::string::npos)
+                i += 2;
+            else
+                i = 0;
+            os << TextFlow::Column(_string)
+                  .indent(indent + i)
+                  .initialIndent(indent) << '\n';
+        }
+
+        std::string escape(StringRef str) {
+            std::string escaped = static_cast<std::string>(str);
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "|", "||");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "'", "|'");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "\n", "|n");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "\r", "|r");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "[", "|[");
+            replaceInPlace(escaped, "]", "|]");
+            return escaped;
+        }
+    } // end anonymous namespace
+
+
+    TeamCityReporter::~TeamCityReporter() = default;
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) {
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testSuiteStarted name='" << escape( runInfo.name )
+               << "']\n";
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& runStats ) {
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testSuiteFinished name='"
+               << escape( runStats.runInfo.name ) << "']\n";
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) {
+        AssertionResult const& result = assertionStats.assertionResult;
+        if ( !result.isOk() ||
+             result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+
+            ReusableStringStream msg;
+            if (!m_headerPrintedForThisSection)
+                printSectionHeader(msg.get());
+            m_headerPrintedForThisSection = true;
+
+            msg << result.getSourceInfo() << '\n';
+
+            switch (result.getResultType()) {
+            case ResultWas::ExpressionFailed:
+                msg << "expression failed";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                msg << "unexpected exception";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                msg << "fatal error condition";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::DidntThrowException:
+                msg << "no exception was thrown where one was expected";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                msg << "explicit failure";
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                msg << "explicit skip";
+                break;
+
+                // We shouldn't get here because of the isOk() test
+            case ResultWas::Ok:
+            case ResultWas::Info:
+            case ResultWas::Warning:
+                CATCH_ERROR("Internal error in TeamCity reporter");
+                // These cases are here to prevent compiler warnings
+            case ResultWas::Unknown:
+            case ResultWas::FailureBit:
+            case ResultWas::Exception:
+                CATCH_ERROR("Not implemented");
+            }
+            if (assertionStats.infoMessages.size() == 1)
+                msg << " with message:";
+            if (assertionStats.infoMessages.size() > 1)
+                msg << " with messages:";
+            for (auto const& messageInfo : assertionStats.infoMessages)
+                msg << "\n  \"" << messageInfo.message << '"';
+
+
+            if (result.hasExpression()) {
+                msg <<
+                    "\n  " << result.getExpressionInMacro() << "\n"
+                    "with expansion:\n"
+                    "  " << result.getExpandedExpression() << '\n';
+            }
+
+            if ( result.getResultType() == ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+                m_stream << "##teamcity[testIgnored";
+            } else if ( currentTestCaseInfo->okToFail() ) {
+                msg << "- failure ignore as test marked as 'ok to fail'\n";
+                m_stream << "##teamcity[testIgnored";
+            } else {
+                m_stream << "##teamcity[testFailed";
+            }
+            m_stream << " name='" << escape( currentTestCaseInfo->name ) << '\''
+                     << " message='" << escape( msg.str() ) << '\'' << "]\n";
+        }
+        m_stream.flush();
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) {
+        m_testTimer.start();
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testStarted name='"
+            << escape(testInfo.name) << "']\n";
+        m_stream.flush();
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded(testCaseStats);
+        auto const& testCaseInfo = *testCaseStats.testInfo;
+        if (!testCaseStats.stdOut.empty())
+            m_stream << "##teamcity[testStdOut name='"
+            << escape(testCaseInfo.name)
+            << "' out='" << escape(testCaseStats.stdOut) << "']\n";
+        if (!testCaseStats.stdErr.empty())
+            m_stream << "##teamcity[testStdErr name='"
+            << escape(testCaseInfo.name)
+            << "' out='" << escape(testCaseStats.stdErr) << "']\n";
+        m_stream << "##teamcity[testFinished name='"
+            << escape(testCaseInfo.name) << "' duration='"
+            << m_testTimer.getElapsedMilliseconds() << "']\n";
+        m_stream.flush();
+    }
+
+    void TeamCityReporter::printSectionHeader(std::ostream& os) {
+        assert(!m_sectionStack.empty());
+
+        if (m_sectionStack.size() > 1) {
+            os << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+
+            std::vector<SectionInfo>::const_iterator
+                it = m_sectionStack.begin() + 1, // Skip first section (test case)
+                itEnd = m_sectionStack.end();
+            for (; it != itEnd; ++it)
+                printHeaderString(os, it->name);
+            os << lineOfChars('-') << '\n';
+        }
+
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo = m_sectionStack.front().lineInfo;
+
+        os << lineInfo << '\n';
+        os << lineOfChars('.') << "\n\n";
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4061) // Not all labels are EXPLICITLY handled in switch
+                              // Note that 4062 (not all labels are handled
+                              // and default is missing) is enabled
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+    XmlReporter::XmlReporter( ReporterConfig&& _config )
+    :   StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(_config) ),
+        m_xml(m_stream)
+    {
+        m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+        m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+    }
+
+    XmlReporter::~XmlReporter() = default;
+
+    std::string XmlReporter::getDescription() {
+        return "Reports test results as an XML document";
+    }
+
+    std::string XmlReporter::getStylesheetRef() const {
+        return std::string();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::writeSourceInfo( SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo ) {
+        m_xml
+            .writeAttribute( "filename"_sr, sourceInfo.file )
+            .writeAttribute( "line"_sr, sourceInfo.line );
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunStarting( testInfo );
+        std::string stylesheetRef = getStylesheetRef();
+        if( !stylesheetRef.empty() )
+            m_xml.writeStylesheetRef( stylesheetRef );
+        m_xml.startElement("Catch2TestRun")
+             .writeAttribute("name"_sr, m_config->name())
+             .writeAttribute("rng-seed"_sr, m_config->rngSeed())
+             .writeAttribute("xml-format-version"_sr, 3)
+             .writeAttribute("catch2-version"_sr, libraryVersion());
+        if ( m_config->testSpec().hasFilters() ) {
+            m_xml.writeAttribute( "filters"_sr, m_config->testSpec() );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseStarting(testInfo);
+        m_xml.startElement( "TestCase" )
+            .writeAttribute( "name"_sr, trim( StringRef(testInfo.name) ) )
+            .writeAttribute( "tags"_sr, testInfo.tagsAsString() );
+
+        writeSourceInfo( testInfo.lineInfo );
+
+        if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+            m_testCaseTimer.start();
+        m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        if( m_sectionDepth++ > 0 ) {
+            m_xml.startElement( "Section" )
+                .writeAttribute( "name"_sr, trim( StringRef(sectionInfo.name) ) );
+            writeSourceInfo( sectionInfo.lineInfo );
+            m_xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) { }
+
+    void XmlReporter::assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) {
+
+        AssertionResult const& result = assertionStats.assertionResult;
+
+        bool includeResults = m_config->includeSuccessfulResults() || !result.isOk();
+
+        if( includeResults || result.getResultType() == ResultWas::Warning ) {
+            // Print any info messages in <Info> tags.
+            for( auto const& msg : assertionStats.infoMessages ) {
+                if( msg.type == ResultWas::Info && includeResults ) {
+                    auto t = m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" );
+                    writeSourceInfo( msg.lineInfo );
+                    t.writeText( msg.message );
+                } else if ( msg.type == ResultWas::Warning ) {
+                    auto t = m_xml.scopedElement( "Warning" );
+                    writeSourceInfo( msg.lineInfo );
+                    t.writeText( msg.message );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Drop out if result was successful but we're not printing them.
+        if ( !includeResults && result.getResultType() != ResultWas::Warning &&
+             result.getResultType() != ResultWas::ExplicitSkip ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Print the expression if there is one.
+        if( result.hasExpression() ) {
+            m_xml.startElement( "Expression" )
+                .writeAttribute( "success"_sr, result.succeeded() )
+                .writeAttribute( "type"_sr, result.getTestMacroName() );
+
+            writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "Original" )
+                .writeText( result.getExpression() );
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "Expanded" )
+                .writeText( result.getExpandedExpression() );
+        }
+
+        // And... Print a result applicable to each result type.
+        switch( result.getResultType() ) {
+            case ResultWas::ThrewException:
+                m_xml.startElement( "Exception" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::FatalErrorCondition:
+                m_xml.startElement( "FatalErrorCondition" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::Info:
+                m_xml.scopedElement( "Info" )
+                     .writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::Warning:
+                // Warning will already have been written
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitFailure:
+                m_xml.startElement( "Failure" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            case ResultWas::ExplicitSkip:
+                m_xml.startElement( "Skip" );
+                writeSourceInfo( result.getSourceInfo() );
+                m_xml.writeText( result.getMessage() );
+                m_xml.endElement();
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if( result.hasExpression() )
+            m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::sectionEnded( sectionStats );
+        if ( --m_sectionDepth > 0 ) {
+            {
+                XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" );
+                e.writeAttribute( "successes"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.passed );
+                e.writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.failed );
+                e.writeAttribute( "expectedFailures"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.failedButOk );
+                e.writeAttribute( "skipped"_sr, sectionStats.assertions.skipped > 0 );
+
+                if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+                    e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds"_sr, sectionStats.durationInSeconds );
+            }
+            // Ends assertion tag
+            m_xml.endElement();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testCaseEnded( testCaseStats );
+        XmlWriter::ScopedElement e = m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResult" );
+        e.writeAttribute( "success"_sr, testCaseStats.totals.assertions.allOk() );
+        e.writeAttribute( "skips"_sr, testCaseStats.totals.assertions.skipped );
+
+        if ( m_config->showDurations() == ShowDurations::Always )
+            e.writeAttribute( "durationInSeconds"_sr, m_testCaseTimer.getElapsedSeconds() );
+        if( !testCaseStats.stdOut.empty() )
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "StdOut" ).writeText( trim( StringRef(testCaseStats.stdOut) ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        if( !testCaseStats.stdErr.empty() )
+            m_xml.scopedElement( "StdErr" ).writeText( trim( StringRef(testCaseStats.stdErr) ), XmlFormatting::Newline );
+
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) {
+        StreamingReporterBase::testRunEnded( testRunStats );
+        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResults" )
+            .writeAttribute( "successes"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.passed )
+            .writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.failed )
+            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.failedButOk )
+            .writeAttribute( "skips"_sr, testRunStats.totals.assertions.skipped );
+        m_xml.scopedElement( "OverallResultsCases")
+            .writeAttribute( "successes"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.passed )
+            .writeAttribute( "failures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.failed )
+            .writeAttribute( "expectedFailures"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.failedButOk )
+            .writeAttribute( "skips"_sr, testRunStats.totals.testCases.skipped );
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) {
+        m_xml.startElement("BenchmarkResults")
+             .writeAttribute("name"_sr, name);
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const &info) {
+        m_xml.writeAttribute("samples"_sr, info.samples)
+            .writeAttribute("resamples"_sr, info.resamples)
+            .writeAttribute("iterations"_sr, info.iterations)
+            .writeAttribute("clockResolution"_sr, info.clockResolution)
+            .writeAttribute("estimatedDuration"_sr, info.estimatedDuration)
+            .writeComment("All values in nano seconds"_sr);
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats) {
+        m_xml.scopedElement("mean")
+            .writeAttribute("value"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.point.count())
+            .writeAttribute("lowerBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.lower_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("upperBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.upper_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("ci"_sr, benchmarkStats.mean.confidence_interval);
+        m_xml.scopedElement("standardDeviation")
+            .writeAttribute("value"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.point.count())
+            .writeAttribute("lowerBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.lower_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("upperBound"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.upper_bound.count())
+            .writeAttribute("ci"_sr, benchmarkStats.standardDeviation.confidence_interval);
+        m_xml.scopedElement("outliers")
+            .writeAttribute("variance"_sr, benchmarkStats.outlierVariance)
+            .writeAttribute("lowMild"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.low_mild)
+            .writeAttribute("lowSevere"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.low_severe)
+            .writeAttribute("highMild"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.high_mild)
+            .writeAttribute("highSevere"_sr, benchmarkStats.outliers.high_severe);
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::benchmarkFailed(StringRef error) {
+        m_xml.scopedElement("failed").
+            writeAttribute("message"_sr, error);
+        m_xml.endElement();
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("AvailableReporters");
+        for (auto const& reporter : descriptions) {
+            auto inner = m_xml.scopedElement("Reporter");
+            m_xml.startElement("Name", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(reporter.name, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("Description", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(reporter.description, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement( "RegisteredListeners" );
+        for ( auto const& listener : descriptions ) {
+            auto inner = m_xml.scopedElement( "Listener" );
+            m_xml.startElement( "Name", XmlFormatting::Indent )
+                .writeText( listener.name, XmlFormatting::None )
+                .endElement( XmlFormatting::Newline );
+            m_xml.startElement( "Description", XmlFormatting::Indent )
+                .writeText( listener.description, XmlFormatting::None )
+                .endElement( XmlFormatting::Newline );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("MatchingTests");
+        for (auto const& test : tests) {
+            auto innerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("TestCase");
+            auto const& testInfo = test.getTestCaseInfo();
+            m_xml.startElement("Name", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.name, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("ClassName", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.className, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("Tags", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.tagsAsString(), XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+
+            auto sourceTag = m_xml.scopedElement("SourceInfo");
+            m_xml.startElement("File", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(testInfo.lineInfo.file, XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            m_xml.startElement("Line", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(std::to_string(testInfo.lineInfo.line), XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlReporter::listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) {
+        auto outerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("TagsFromMatchingTests");
+        for (auto const& tag : tags) {
+            auto innerTag = m_xml.scopedElement("Tag");
+            m_xml.startElement("Count", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                 .writeText(std::to_string(tag.count), XmlFormatting::None)
+                 .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            auto aliasTag = m_xml.scopedElement("Aliases");
+            for (auto const& alias : tag.spellings) {
+                m_xml.startElement("Alias", XmlFormatting::Indent)
+                     .writeText(alias, XmlFormatting::None)
+                     .endElement(XmlFormatting::Newline);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
diff --git a/unit_tests/catch_amalgamated.hpp b/unit_tests/catch_amalgamated.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7c768b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unit_tests/catch_amalgamated.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14106 @@
+
+//              Copyright Catch2 Authors
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//   (See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+//        https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSL-1.0
+
+//  Catch v3.7.1
+//  Generated: 2024-09-17 10:36:40.974985
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+//  This file is an amalgamation of multiple different files.
+//  You probably shouldn't edit it directly.
+//  ----------------------------------------------------------
+#ifndef CATCH_AMALGAMATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_AMALGAMATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2. It includes **all** of Catch2 headers.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the top level folder, or to the
+ * corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here. Headers
+ * added to the various subparts (e.g. matchers, generators, etc...),
+ * should go their respective catch-all headers.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's benchmarking. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to benchmarking.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `benchmark` folder, or to
+ * the corresponding internal (detail) subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMPILER_CAPABILITIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMPILER_CAPABILITIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Detect a number of compiler features - by compiler
+// The following features are defined:
+//
+// CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH : is Windows SEH supported?
+// CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS : are POSIX signals supported?
+// CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS : Are exceptions enabled?
+// ****************
+// Note to maintainers: if new toggles are added please document them
+// in configuration.md, too
+// ****************
+
+// In general each macro has a _NO_<feature name> form
+// (e.g. CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) which disables the feature.
+// Many features, at point of detection, define an _INTERNAL_ macro, so they
+// can be combined, en-mass, with the _NO_ forms later.
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PLATFORM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PLATFORM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// See e.g.:
+// https://opensource.apple.com/source/CarbonHeaders/CarbonHeaders-18.1/TargetConditionals.h.auto.html
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#  ifndef __has_extension
+#    define __has_extension(x) 0
+#  endif
+#  include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#  if (defined(TARGET_OS_OSX) && TARGET_OS_OSX == 1) || \
+      (defined(TARGET_OS_MAC) && TARGET_OS_MAC == 1)
+#    define CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+#  elif (defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 1)
+#    define CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#  endif
+
+#elif defined(linux) || defined(__linux) || defined(__linux__)
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX
+
+#elif defined(WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+#  if defined( WINAPI_FAMILY ) && ( WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_APP )
+#      define CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_UWP
+#  endif
+
+#elif defined(__ORBIS__) || defined(__PROSPERO__)
+#  define CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION
+
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_PLATFORM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+#  if (__cplusplus >= 201703L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#    define CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
+#  if (__cplusplus >= 202002L) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L)
+#    define CATCH_CPP20_OR_GREATER
+#  endif
+
+#endif
+
+// Only GCC compiler should be used in this block, so other compilers trying to
+// mask themselves as GCC should be ignored.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ICC) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__LCC__) && !defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic pop" )
+
+// This only works on GCC 9+. so we have to also add a global suppression of Wparentheses
+// for older versions of GCC.
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wparentheses\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-result\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-variable\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wuseless-cast\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wshadow\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...) (void)__builtin_constant_p(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__NVCOMPILER)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "diag push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "diag pop" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma( "diag_suppress declared_but_not_referenced" )
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#  ifdef __NVCC_DIAG_PRAGMA_SUPPORT__
+// New pragmas introduced in CUDA 11.5+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "nv_diagnostic push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "nv_diagnostic pop" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma( "nv_diag_suppress 177" )
+#  else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma( "diag_suppress 177" )
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// clang-cl defines _MSC_VER as well as __clang__, which could cause the
+// start/stop internal suppression macros to be double defined.
+#if defined(__clang__) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION _Pragma( "clang diagnostic push" )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION  _Pragma( "clang diagnostic pop" )
+
+#endif // __clang__ && !_MSC_VER
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+
+// As of this writing, IBM XL's implementation of __builtin_constant_p has a bug
+// which results in calls to destructors being emitted for each temporary,
+// without a matching initialization. In practice, this can result in something
+// like `std::string::~string` being called on an uninitialized value.
+//
+// For example, this code will likely segfault under IBM XL:
+// ```
+// REQUIRE(std::string("12") + "34" == "1234")
+// ```
+//
+// Similarly, NVHPC's implementation of `__builtin_constant_p` has a bug which
+// results in calls to the immediately evaluated lambda expressions to be
+// reported as unevaluated lambdas.
+// https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia_bug/3321845.
+//
+// Therefore, `CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN` is not implemented.
+#  if !defined(__ibmxl__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && !defined( __NVCOMPILER )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...) (void)__builtin_constant_p(__VA_ARGS__) /* NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg, hicpp-vararg) */
+#  endif
+
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wexit-time-destructors\"" ) \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wglobal-constructors\"")
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wparentheses\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-variable\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+         _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wunused-template\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wcomma\"" )
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS \
+        _Pragma( "clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wshadow\"" )
+
+#endif // __clang__
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// We know some environments not to support full POSIX signals
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) ||                                       \
+    defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION ) ||                                   \
+    defined( __CYGWIN__ ) ||                                                   \
+    defined( __QNX__ ) ||                                                      \
+    defined( __EMSCRIPTEN__ ) ||                                               \
+    defined( __DJGPP__ ) ||                                                    \
+    defined( __OS400__ )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Assume that some platforms do not support getenv.
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_UWP ) ||                                   \
+    defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_PLAYSTATION ) ||                                   \
+    defined( _GAMING_XBOX )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_GETENV
+#else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GETENV
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Android somehow still does not support std::to_string
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Not all Windows environments support SEH properly
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// PS4
+#if defined(__ORBIS__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Cygwin
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+
+// Required for some versions of Cygwin to declare gettimeofday
+// see: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/36901803/gettimeofday-not-declared-in-this-scope-cygwin
+#   define _BSD_SOURCE
+// some versions of cygwin (most) do not support std::to_string. Use the libstd check.
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.8.2/libstdc++/api/a01053_source.html line 2812-2813
+# if !((__cplusplus >= 201103L) && defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99) \
+           && !defined(_GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF))
+
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING
+
+# endif
+#endif // __CYGWIN__
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Visual C++
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// We want to defer to nvcc-specific warning suppression if we are compiled
+// with nvcc masquerading for MSVC.
+#    if !defined( __CUDACC__ )
+#        define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            __pragma( warning( push ) )
+#        define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            __pragma( warning( pop ) )
+#    endif
+
+// Universal Windows platform does not support SEH
+// Or console colours (or console at all...)
+#  if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS_UWP)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32
+#  else
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#  endif
+
+// MSVC traditional preprocessor needs some workaround for __VA_ARGS__
+// _MSVC_TRADITIONAL == 0 means new conformant preprocessor
+// _MSVC_TRADITIONAL == 1 means old traditional non-conformant preprocessor
+#  if !defined(__clang__) // Handle Clang masquerading for msvc
+#    if !defined(_MSVC_TRADITIONAL) || (defined(_MSVC_TRADITIONAL) && _MSVC_TRADITIONAL)
+#      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#    endif // MSVC_TRADITIONAL
+#  endif // __clang__
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#if defined(_REENTRANT) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Enable async processing, as -pthread is specified or no additional linking is required
+# define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Check if we are compiled with -fno-exceptions or equivalent
+#if defined(__EXCEPTIONS) || defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
+#endif
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Embarcadero C++Build
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// RTX is a special version of Windows that is real time.
+// This means that it is detected as Windows, but does not provide
+// the same set of capabilities as real Windows does.
+#if defined(UNDER_RTSS) || defined(RTX64_BUILD)
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_ASYNC
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_C99_MATH_TR1)
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER
+#endif
+
+// Various stdlib support checks that require __has_include
+#if defined(__has_include)
+  // Check if string_view is available and usable
+  #if __has_include(<string_view>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+  #endif
+
+  // Check if optional is available and usable
+  #  if __has_include(<optional>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL
+  #  endif // __has_include(<optional>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+
+  // Check if byte is available and usable
+  #  if __has_include(<cstddef>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    include <cstddef>
+  #    if defined(__cpp_lib_byte) && (__cpp_lib_byte > 0)
+  #      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE
+  #    endif
+  #  endif // __has_include(<cstddef>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+
+  // Check if variant is available and usable
+  #  if __has_include(<variant>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+  #    if defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 8)
+         // work around clang bug with libstdc++ https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=31852
+         // fix should be in clang 8, workaround in libstdc++ 8.2
+  #      include <ciso646>
+  #      if defined(__GLIBCXX__) && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && (_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 9)
+  #        define CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_VARIANT
+  #      else
+  #        define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
+  #      endif // defined(__GLIBCXX__) && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && (_GLIBCXX_RELEASE < 9)
+  #    else
+  #      define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
+  #    endif // defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 8)
+  #  endif // __has_include(<variant>) && defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
+#endif // defined(__has_include)
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif
+// This is set by default, because we assume that unix compilers are posix-signal-compatible by default.
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GETENV) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_GETENV) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_GETENV) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_GETENV)
+#   define CATCH_CONFIG_GETENV
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP11_TO_STRING) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING)
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_OPTIONAL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_STRING_VIEW) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_VARIANT) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_BYTE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_REDIRECT)
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_NEW_CAPTURE) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_NEW_CAPTURE
+#endif
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS ) &&          \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS )
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_POLYFILL_ISNAN) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_ISNAN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)  && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_ASYNC) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_USE_ASYNC) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_USE_ASYNC
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_GLOBAL_NEXTAFTER
+#endif
+
+
+// Even if we do not think the compiler has that warning, we still have
+// to provide a macro that can be used by the code.
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS )
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+
+// The goal of this macro is to avoid evaluation of the arguments, but
+// still have the compiler warn on problems inside...
+#if !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN)
+#   define CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(...)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__apple_build_version__) && (__clang_major__ < 10)
+#   undef CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
+#elif defined(__clang__) && (__clang_major__ < 5)
+#   undef CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+#define CATCH_TRY if ((true))
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ALL if ((false))
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ANON(type) if ((false))
+#else
+#define CATCH_TRY try
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ALL catch (...)
+#define CATCH_CATCH_ANON(type) catch (type)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR)
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) &&       \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_COLOUR_WIN32 )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_COLOUR_WIN32
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_SHARED_LIBRARY ) && defined( _MSC_VER ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC )
+#    ifdef Catch2_EXPORTS
+#        define CATCH_EXPORT //__declspec( dllexport ) // not needed
+#    else
+#        define CATCH_EXPORT __declspec( dllimport )
+#    endif
+#else
+#    define CATCH_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMPILER_CAPABILITIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IResultCapture;
+    class IConfig;
+
+    class Context {
+        IConfig const* m_config = nullptr;
+        IResultCapture* m_resultCapture = nullptr;
+
+        CATCH_EXPORT static Context* currentContext;
+        friend Context& getCurrentMutableContext();
+        friend Context const& getCurrentContext();
+        static void createContext();
+        friend void cleanUpContext();
+
+    public:
+        constexpr IResultCapture* getResultCapture() const {
+            return m_resultCapture;
+        }
+        constexpr IConfig const* getConfig() const { return m_config; }
+        constexpr void setResultCapture( IResultCapture* resultCapture ) {
+            m_resultCapture = resultCapture;
+        }
+        constexpr void setConfig( IConfig const* config ) { m_config = config; }
+
+    };
+
+    Context& getCurrentMutableContext();
+
+    inline Context const& getCurrentContext() {
+        // We duplicate the logic from `getCurrentMutableContext` here,
+        // to avoid paying the call overhead in debug mode.
+        if ( !Context::currentContext ) { Context::createContext(); }
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-core.uninitialized.UndefReturn)
+        return *Context::currentContext;
+    }
+
+    void cleanUpContext();
+
+    class SimplePcg32;
+    SimplePcg32& sharedRng();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MOVE_AND_FORWARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MOVE_AND_FORWARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+//! Replacement for std::move with better compile time performance
+#define CATCH_MOVE(...) static_cast<std::remove_reference_t<decltype(__VA_ARGS__)>&&>(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+//! Replacement for std::forward with better compile time performance
+#define CATCH_FORWARD(...) static_cast<decltype(__VA_ARGS__)&&>(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif // CATCH_MOVE_AND_FORWARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_FAILURE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_FAILURE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    //! Used to signal that an assertion macro failed
+    struct TestFailureException{};
+    //! Used to signal that the remainder of a test should be skipped
+    struct TestSkipException {};
+
+    /**
+     * Outlines throwing of `TestFailureException` into a single TU
+     *
+     * Also handles `CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS` for callers.
+     */
+    [[noreturn]] void throw_test_failure_exception();
+
+    /**
+     * Outlines throwing of `TestSkipException` into a single TU
+     *
+     * Also handles `CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS` for callers.
+     */
+    [[noreturn]] void throw_test_skip_exception();
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_FAILURE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the CONFIG configuration option
+ *
+ * When generating internal unique names, there are two options. Either
+ * we mix in the current line number, or mix in an incrementing number.
+ * We prefer the latter, using `__COUNTER__`, but users might want to
+ * use the former.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if ( !defined(__JETBRAINS_IDE__) || __JETBRAINS_IDE__ >= 20170300L )
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_COUNTER ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_COUNTER ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line ) name##line
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, line ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE2( name, line )
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_COUNTER
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __COUNTER__ )
+#else
+#  define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( name ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_LINE( name, __LINE__ )
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_CAPTURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_CAPTURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STRINGREF_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STRINGREF_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /// A non-owning string class (similar to the forthcoming std::string_view)
+    /// Note that, because a StringRef may be a substring of another string,
+    /// it may not be null terminated.
+    class StringRef {
+    public:
+        using size_type = std::size_t;
+        using const_iterator = const char*;
+
+        static constexpr size_type npos{ static_cast<size_type>( -1 ) };
+
+    private:
+        static constexpr char const* const s_empty = "";
+
+        char const* m_start = s_empty;
+        size_type m_size = 0;
+
+    public: // construction
+        constexpr StringRef() noexcept = default;
+
+        StringRef( char const* rawChars ) noexcept;
+
+        constexpr StringRef( char const* rawChars, size_type size ) noexcept
+        :   m_start( rawChars ),
+            m_size( size )
+        {}
+
+        StringRef( std::string const& stdString ) noexcept
+        :   m_start( stdString.c_str() ),
+            m_size( stdString.size() )
+        {}
+
+        explicit operator std::string() const {
+            return std::string(m_start, m_size);
+        }
+
+    public: // operators
+        auto operator == ( StringRef other ) const noexcept -> bool {
+            return m_size == other.m_size
+                && (std::memcmp( m_start, other.m_start, m_size ) == 0);
+        }
+        auto operator != (StringRef other) const noexcept -> bool {
+            return !(*this == other);
+        }
+
+        constexpr auto operator[] ( size_type index ) const noexcept -> char {
+            assert(index < m_size);
+            return m_start[index];
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(StringRef rhs) const noexcept;
+
+    public: // named queries
+        constexpr auto empty() const noexcept -> bool {
+            return m_size == 0;
+        }
+        constexpr auto size() const noexcept -> size_type {
+            return m_size;
+        }
+
+        // Returns a substring of [start, start + length).
+        // If start + length > size(), then the substring is [start, size()).
+        // If start > size(), then the substring is empty.
+        constexpr StringRef substr(size_type start, size_type length) const noexcept {
+            if (start < m_size) {
+                const auto shortened_size = m_size - start;
+                return StringRef(m_start + start, (shortened_size < length) ? shortened_size : length);
+            } else {
+                return StringRef();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Returns the current start pointer. May not be null-terminated.
+        constexpr char const* data() const noexcept {
+            return m_start;
+        }
+
+        constexpr const_iterator begin() const { return m_start; }
+        constexpr const_iterator end() const { return m_start + m_size; }
+
+
+        friend std::string& operator += (std::string& lhs, StringRef rhs);
+        friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, StringRef str);
+        friend std::string operator+(StringRef lhs, StringRef rhs);
+
+        /**
+         * Provides a three-way comparison with rhs
+         *
+         * Returns negative number if lhs < rhs, 0 if lhs == rhs, and a positive
+         * number if lhs > rhs
+         */
+        int compare( StringRef rhs ) const;
+    };
+
+
+    constexpr auto operator ""_sr( char const* rawChars, std::size_t size ) noexcept -> StringRef {
+        return StringRef( rawChars, size );
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+constexpr auto operator ""_catch_sr( char const* rawChars, std::size_t size ) noexcept -> Catch::StringRef {
+    return Catch::StringRef( rawChars, size );
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_STRINGREF_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RESULT_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RESULT_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // ResultWas::OfType enum
+    struct ResultWas { enum OfType {
+        Unknown = -1,
+        Ok = 0,
+        Info = 1,
+        Warning = 2,
+        // TODO: Should explicit skip be considered "not OK" (cf. isOk)? I.e., should it have the failure bit?
+        ExplicitSkip = 4,
+
+        FailureBit = 0x10,
+
+        ExpressionFailed = FailureBit | 1,
+        ExplicitFailure = FailureBit | 2,
+
+        Exception = 0x100 | FailureBit,
+
+        ThrewException = Exception | 1,
+        DidntThrowException = Exception | 2,
+
+        FatalErrorCondition = 0x200 | FailureBit
+
+    }; };
+
+    constexpr bool isOk( ResultWas::OfType resultType ) {
+        return ( resultType & ResultWas::FailureBit ) == 0;
+    }
+    constexpr bool isJustInfo( int flags ) { return flags == ResultWas::Info; }
+
+
+    // ResultDisposition::Flags enum
+    struct ResultDisposition { enum Flags {
+        Normal = 0x01,
+
+        ContinueOnFailure = 0x02,   // Failures fail test, but execution continues
+        FalseTest = 0x04,           // Prefix expression with !
+        SuppressFail = 0x08         // Failures are reported but do not fail the test
+    }; };
+
+    constexpr ResultDisposition::Flags operator|( ResultDisposition::Flags lhs,
+                                        ResultDisposition::Flags rhs ) {
+        return static_cast<ResultDisposition::Flags>( static_cast<int>( lhs ) |
+                                                      static_cast<int>( rhs ) );
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool isFalseTest( int flags ) {
+        return ( flags & ResultDisposition::FalseTest ) != 0;
+    }
+    constexpr bool shouldSuppressFailure( int flags ) {
+        return ( flags & ResultDisposition::SuppressFail ) != 0;
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RESULT_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIQUE_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIQUE_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+    /**
+     * A reimplementation of `std::unique_ptr` for improved compilation performance
+     *
+     * Does not support arrays nor custom deleters.
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    class unique_ptr {
+        T* m_ptr;
+    public:
+        constexpr unique_ptr(std::nullptr_t = nullptr):
+            m_ptr{}
+        {}
+        explicit constexpr unique_ptr(T* ptr):
+            m_ptr(ptr)
+        {}
+
+        template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<T, U>::value>>
+        unique_ptr(unique_ptr<U>&& from):
+            m_ptr(from.release())
+        {}
+
+        template <typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<T, U>::value>>
+        unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr<U>&& from) {
+            reset(from.release());
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        unique_ptr(unique_ptr const&) = delete;
+        unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr const&) = delete;
+
+        unique_ptr(unique_ptr&& rhs) noexcept:
+            m_ptr(rhs.m_ptr) {
+            rhs.m_ptr = nullptr;
+        }
+        unique_ptr& operator=(unique_ptr&& rhs) noexcept {
+            reset(rhs.release());
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        ~unique_ptr() {
+            delete m_ptr;
+        }
+
+        T& operator*() {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return *m_ptr;
+        }
+        T const& operator*() const {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return *m_ptr;
+        }
+        T* operator->() noexcept {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return m_ptr;
+        }
+        T const* operator->() const noexcept {
+            assert(m_ptr);
+            return m_ptr;
+        }
+
+        T* get() { return m_ptr; }
+        T const* get() const { return m_ptr; }
+
+        void reset(T* ptr = nullptr) {
+            delete m_ptr;
+            m_ptr = ptr;
+        }
+
+        T* release() {
+            auto temp = m_ptr;
+            m_ptr = nullptr;
+            return temp;
+        }
+
+        explicit operator bool() const {
+            return m_ptr;
+        }
+
+        friend void swap(unique_ptr& lhs, unique_ptr& rhs) {
+            auto temp = lhs.m_ptr;
+            lhs.m_ptr = rhs.m_ptr;
+            rhs.m_ptr = temp;
+        }
+    };
+
+    //! Specialization to cause compile-time error for arrays
+    template <typename T>
+    class unique_ptr<T[]>;
+
+    template <typename T, typename... Args>
+    unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args&&... args) {
+        return unique_ptr<T>(new T(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...));
+    }
+
+
+} // end namespace Detail
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIQUE_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_FWD_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_FWD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        using IDuration = std::chrono::nanoseconds;
+        using FDuration = std::chrono::duration<double, std::nano>;
+
+        template <typename Clock>
+        using TimePoint = typename Clock::time_point;
+
+        using default_clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // We cannot forward declare the type with default template argument
+    // multiple times, so it is split out into a separate header so that
+    // we can prevent multiple declarations in dependees
+    template <typename Duration = Benchmark::FDuration>
+    struct BenchmarkStats;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_FWD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class AssertionResult;
+    struct AssertionInfo;
+    struct SectionInfo;
+    struct SectionEndInfo;
+    struct MessageInfo;
+    struct MessageBuilder;
+    struct Counts;
+    struct AssertionReaction;
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+
+    class ITransientExpression;
+    class IGeneratorTracker;
+
+    struct BenchmarkInfo;
+
+    namespace Generators {
+        class GeneratorUntypedBase;
+        using GeneratorBasePtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<GeneratorUntypedBase>;
+    }
+
+
+    class IResultCapture {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IResultCapture();
+
+        virtual void notifyAssertionStarted( AssertionInfo const& info ) = 0;
+        virtual bool sectionStarted( StringRef sectionName,
+                                     SourceLineInfo const& sectionLineInfo,
+                                     Counts& assertions ) = 0;
+        virtual void sectionEnded( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) = 0;
+        virtual void sectionEndedEarly( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) = 0;
+
+        virtual IGeneratorTracker*
+        acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                 SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) = 0;
+        virtual IGeneratorTracker*
+        createGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+                                Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) = 0;
+        virtual void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) = 0;
+        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) = 0;
+        virtual void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void pushScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
+        virtual void popScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) = 0;
+
+        virtual void handleExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ITransientExpression const& expr,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleMessage
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    std::string&& message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleUnexpectedInflightException
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    std::string&& message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleIncomplete
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info ) = 0;
+        virtual void handleNonExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    AssertionReaction &reaction ) = 0;
+
+
+
+        virtual bool lastAssertionPassed() = 0;
+        virtual void assertionPassed() = 0;
+
+        // Deprecated, do not use:
+        virtual std::string getCurrentTestName() const = 0;
+        virtual const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const = 0;
+        virtual void exceptionEarlyReported() = 0;
+    };
+
+    IResultCapture& getResultCapture();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_CAPTURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_NONCOPYABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_NONCOPYABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        //! Deriving classes become noncopyable and nonmovable
+        class NonCopyable {
+            NonCopyable( NonCopyable const& ) = delete;
+            NonCopyable( NonCopyable&& ) = delete;
+            NonCopyable& operator=( NonCopyable const& ) = delete;
+            NonCopyable& operator=( NonCopyable&& ) = delete;
+
+        protected:
+            NonCopyable() noexcept = default;
+        };
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_NONCOPYABLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class Verbosity {
+        Quiet = 0,
+        Normal,
+        High
+    };
+
+    struct WarnAbout { enum What {
+        Nothing = 0x00,
+        //! A test case or leaf section did not run any assertions
+        NoAssertions = 0x01,
+        //! A command line test spec matched no test cases
+        UnmatchedTestSpec = 0x02,
+    }; };
+
+    enum class ShowDurations {
+        DefaultForReporter,
+        Always,
+        Never
+    };
+    enum class TestRunOrder {
+        Declared,
+        LexicographicallySorted,
+        Randomized
+    };
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t {
+        //! Let Catch2 pick implementation based on platform detection
+        PlatformDefault,
+        //! Use ANSI colour code escapes
+        ANSI,
+        //! Use Win32 console colour API
+        Win32,
+        //! Don't use any colour
+        None
+    };
+    struct WaitForKeypress { enum When {
+        Never,
+        BeforeStart = 1,
+        BeforeExit = 2,
+        BeforeStartAndExit = BeforeStart | BeforeExit
+    }; };
+
+    class TestSpec;
+    class IStream;
+
+    class IConfig : public Detail::NonCopyable {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IConfig();
+
+        virtual bool allowThrows() const = 0;
+        virtual StringRef name() const = 0;
+        virtual bool includeSuccessfulResults() const = 0;
+        virtual bool shouldDebugBreak() const = 0;
+        virtual bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const = 0;
+        virtual bool warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() const = 0;
+        virtual bool zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() const = 0;
+        virtual int abortAfter() const = 0;
+        virtual bool showInvisibles() const = 0;
+        virtual ShowDurations showDurations() const = 0;
+        virtual double minDuration() const = 0;
+        virtual TestSpec const& testSpec() const = 0;
+        virtual bool hasTestFilters() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getTestsOrTags() const = 0;
+        virtual TestRunOrder runOrder() const = 0;
+        virtual uint32_t rngSeed() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int shardCount() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int shardIndex() const = 0;
+        virtual ColourMode defaultColourMode() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const = 0;
+        virtual Verbosity verbosity() const = 0;
+
+        virtual bool skipBenchmarks() const = 0;
+        virtual bool benchmarkNoAnalysis() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int benchmarkSamples() const = 0;
+        virtual double benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const = 0;
+        virtual unsigned int benchmarkResamples() const = 0;
+        virtual std::chrono::milliseconds benchmarkWarmupTime() const = 0;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_REGISTRY_HUB_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_REGISTRY_HUB_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class ITestCaseRegistry;
+    class IExceptionTranslatorRegistry;
+    class IExceptionTranslator;
+    class ReporterRegistry;
+    class IReporterFactory;
+    class ITagAliasRegistry;
+    class ITestInvoker;
+    class IMutableEnumValuesRegistry;
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+
+    class StartupExceptionRegistry;
+    class EventListenerFactory;
+
+    using IReporterFactoryPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IReporterFactory>;
+
+    class IRegistryHub {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IRegistryHub(); // = default
+
+        virtual ReporterRegistry const& getReporterRegistry() const = 0;
+        virtual ITestCaseRegistry const& getTestCaseRegistry() const = 0;
+        virtual ITagAliasRegistry const& getTagAliasRegistry() const = 0;
+        virtual IExceptionTranslatorRegistry const& getExceptionTranslatorRegistry() const = 0;
+
+
+        virtual StartupExceptionRegistry const& getStartupExceptionRegistry() const = 0;
+    };
+
+    class IMutableRegistryHub {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IMutableRegistryHub(); // = default
+        virtual void registerReporter( std::string const& name, IReporterFactoryPtr factory ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerListener( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerTest(Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>&& testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker>&& invoker) = 0;
+        virtual void registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerTagAlias( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) = 0;
+        virtual void registerStartupException() noexcept = 0;
+        virtual IMutableEnumValuesRegistry& getMutableEnumValuesRegistry() = 0;
+    };
+
+    IRegistryHub const& getRegistryHub();
+    IMutableRegistryHub& getMutableRegistryHub();
+    void cleanUp();
+    std::string translateActiveException();
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_REGISTRY_HUB_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ESTIMATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ESTIMATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        template <typename Type>
+        struct Estimate {
+            Type point;
+            Type lower_bound;
+            Type upper_bound;
+            double confidence_interval;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ESTIMATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OUTLIER_CLASSIFICATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OUTLIER_CLASSIFICATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct OutlierClassification {
+            int samples_seen = 0;
+            int low_severe = 0;     // more than 3 times IQR below Q1
+            int low_mild = 0;       // 1.5 to 3 times IQR below Q1
+            int high_mild = 0;      // 1.5 to 3 times IQR above Q3
+            int high_severe = 0;    // more than 3 times IQR above Q3
+
+            constexpr int total() const {
+                return low_severe + low_mild + high_mild + high_severe;
+            }
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OUTLIERS_CLASSIFICATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+// The fwd decl & default specialization needs to be seen by VS2017 before
+// BenchmarkStats itself, or VS2017 will report compilation error.
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct BenchmarkInfo {
+        std::string name;
+        double estimatedDuration;
+        int iterations;
+        unsigned int samples;
+        unsigned int resamples;
+        double clockResolution;
+        double clockCost;
+    };
+
+    // We need to keep template parameter for backwards compatibility,
+    // but we also do not want to use the template paraneter.
+    template <class Dummy>
+    struct BenchmarkStats {
+        BenchmarkInfo info;
+
+        std::vector<Benchmark::FDuration> samples;
+        Benchmark::Estimate<Benchmark::FDuration> mean;
+        Benchmark::Estimate<Benchmark::FDuration> standardDeviation;
+        Benchmark::OutlierClassification outliers;
+        double outlierVariance;
+    };
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ENVIRONMENT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ENVIRONMENT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct EnvironmentEstimate {
+            FDuration mean;
+            OutlierClassification outliers;
+        };
+        struct Environment {
+            EnvironmentEstimate clock_resolution;
+            EnvironmentEstimate clock_cost;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ENVIRONMENT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_EXECUTION_PLAN_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_EXECUTION_PLAN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BENCHMARK_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CHRONOMETER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CHRONOMETER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OPTIMIZER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OPTIMIZER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+#   include <atomic> // atomic_thread_fence
+#endif
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+        template <typename T>
+        inline void keep_memory(T* p) {
+            asm volatile("" : : "g"(p) : "memory");
+        }
+        inline void keep_memory() {
+            asm volatile("" : : : "memory");
+        }
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            inline void optimizer_barrier() { keep_memory(); }
+        } // namespace Detail
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+
+#if defined(_MSVC_VER)
+#pragma optimize("", off)
+#elif defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+// For IAR the pragma only affects the following function
+#pragma optimize=disable
+#endif
+        template <typename T>
+        inline void keep_memory(T* p) {
+            // thanks @milleniumbug
+            *reinterpret_cast<char volatile*>(p) = *reinterpret_cast<char const volatile*>(p);
+        }
+        // TODO equivalent keep_memory()
+#if defined(_MSVC_VER)
+#pragma optimize("", on)
+#endif
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            inline void optimizer_barrier() {
+                std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+#endif
+
+        template <typename T>
+        inline void deoptimize_value(T&& x) {
+            keep_memory(&x);
+        }
+
+        template <typename Fn, typename... Args>
+        inline auto invoke_deoptimized(Fn&& fn, Args&&... args) -> std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<void, decltype(fn(args...))>::value> {
+            deoptimize_value(CATCH_FORWARD(fn) (CATCH_FORWARD(args)...));
+        }
+
+        template <typename Fn, typename... Args>
+        inline auto invoke_deoptimized(Fn&& fn, Args&&... args) -> std::enable_if_t<std::is_same<void, decltype(fn(args...))>::value> {
+            CATCH_FORWARD((fn)) (CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+        }
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OPTIMIZER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_META_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_META_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    template <typename>
+    struct true_given : std::true_type {};
+
+    struct is_callable_tester {
+        template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+        static true_given<decltype(std::declval<Fun>()(std::declval<Args>()...))> test(int);
+        template <typename...>
+        static std::false_type test(...);
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_callable;
+
+    template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+    struct is_callable<Fun(Args...)> : decltype(is_callable_tester::test<Fun, Args...>(0)) {};
+
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_is_invocable) && __cpp_lib_is_invocable >= 201703
+    // std::result_of is deprecated in C++17 and removed in C++20. Hence, it is
+    // replaced with std::invoke_result here.
+    template <typename Func, typename... U>
+    using FunctionReturnType = std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<std::invoke_result_t<Func, U...>>>;
+#else
+    template <typename Func, typename... U>
+    using FunctionReturnType = std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_cv_t<std::result_of_t<Func(U...)>>>;
+#endif
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+namespace mpl_{
+    struct na;
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_META_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            struct ChronometerConcept {
+                virtual void start() = 0;
+                virtual void finish() = 0;
+                virtual ~ChronometerConcept(); // = default;
+
+                ChronometerConcept() = default;
+                ChronometerConcept(ChronometerConcept const&) = default;
+                ChronometerConcept& operator=(ChronometerConcept const&) = default;
+            };
+            template <typename Clock>
+            struct ChronometerModel final : public ChronometerConcept {
+                void start() override { started = Clock::now(); }
+                void finish() override { finished = Clock::now(); }
+
+                IDuration elapsed() const {
+                    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+                        finished - started );
+                }
+
+                TimePoint<Clock> started;
+                TimePoint<Clock> finished;
+            };
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        struct Chronometer {
+        public:
+            template <typename Fun>
+            void measure(Fun&& fun) { measure(CATCH_FORWARD(fun), is_callable<Fun(int)>()); }
+
+            int runs() const { return repeats; }
+
+            Chronometer(Detail::ChronometerConcept& meter, int repeats_)
+                : impl(&meter)
+                , repeats(repeats_) {}
+
+        private:
+            template <typename Fun>
+            void measure(Fun&& fun, std::false_type) {
+                measure([&fun](int) { return fun(); }, std::true_type());
+            }
+
+            template <typename Fun>
+            void measure(Fun&& fun, std::true_type) {
+                Detail::optimizer_barrier();
+                impl->start();
+                for (int i = 0; i < repeats; ++i) invoke_deoptimized(fun, i);
+                impl->finish();
+                Detail::optimizer_barrier();
+            }
+
+            Detail::ChronometerConcept* impl;
+            int repeats;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CHRONOMETER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename T, typename U>
+            struct is_related
+                : std::is_same<std::decay_t<T>, std::decay_t<U>> {};
+
+            /// We need to reinvent std::function because every piece of code that might add overhead
+            /// in a measurement context needs to have consistent performance characteristics so that we
+            /// can account for it in the measurement.
+            /// Implementations of std::function with optimizations that aren't always applicable, like
+            /// small buffer optimizations, are not uncommon.
+            /// This is effectively an implementation of std::function without any such optimizations;
+            /// it may be slow, but it is consistently slow.
+            struct BenchmarkFunction {
+            private:
+                struct callable {
+                    virtual void call(Chronometer meter) const = 0;
+                    virtual ~callable(); // = default;
+
+                    callable() = default;
+                    callable(callable&&) = default;
+                    callable& operator=(callable&&) = default;
+                };
+                template <typename Fun>
+                struct model : public callable {
+                    model(Fun&& fun_) : fun(CATCH_MOVE(fun_)) {}
+                    model(Fun const& fun_) : fun(fun_) {}
+
+                    void call(Chronometer meter) const override {
+                        call(meter, is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>());
+                    }
+                    void call(Chronometer meter, std::true_type) const {
+                        fun(meter);
+                    }
+                    void call(Chronometer meter, std::false_type) const {
+                        meter.measure(fun);
+                    }
+
+                    Fun fun;
+                };
+
+            public:
+                BenchmarkFunction();
+
+                template <typename Fun,
+                    std::enable_if_t<!is_related<Fun, BenchmarkFunction>::value, int> = 0>
+                    BenchmarkFunction(Fun&& fun)
+                    : f(new model<std::decay_t<Fun>>(CATCH_FORWARD(fun))) {}
+
+                BenchmarkFunction( BenchmarkFunction&& that ) noexcept:
+                    f( CATCH_MOVE( that.f ) ) {}
+
+                BenchmarkFunction&
+                operator=( BenchmarkFunction&& that ) noexcept {
+                    f = CATCH_MOVE( that.f );
+                    return *this;
+                }
+
+                void operator()(Chronometer meter) const { f->call(meter); }
+
+            private:
+                Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<callable> f;
+            };
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_FUNCTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPEAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPEAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Fun>
+            struct repeater {
+                void operator()(int k) const {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+                        fun();
+                    }
+                }
+                Fun fun;
+            };
+            template <typename Fun>
+            repeater<std::decay_t<Fun>> repeat(Fun&& fun) {
+                return { CATCH_FORWARD(fun) };
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPEAT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RUN_FOR_AT_LEAST_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RUN_FOR_AT_LEAST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MEASURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MEASURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMPLETE_INVOKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMPLETE_INVOKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename T>
+            struct CompleteType { using type = T; };
+            template <>
+            struct CompleteType<void> { struct type {}; };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            using CompleteType_t = typename CompleteType<T>::type;
+
+            template <typename Result>
+            struct CompleteInvoker {
+                template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+                static Result invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                    return CATCH_FORWARD(fun)(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                }
+            };
+            template <>
+            struct CompleteInvoker<void> {
+                template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+                static CompleteType_t<void> invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                    CATCH_FORWARD(fun)(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                    return {};
+                }
+            };
+
+            // invoke and not return void :(
+            template <typename Fun, typename... Args>
+            CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Fun, Args...>> complete_invoke(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                return CompleteInvoker<FunctionReturnType<Fun, Args...>>::invoke(CATCH_FORWARD(fun), CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+            }
+
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        template <typename Fun>
+        Detail::CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Fun>> user_code(Fun&& fun) {
+            return Detail::complete_invoke(CATCH_FORWARD(fun));
+        }
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMPLETE_INVOKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TIMING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TIMING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        template <typename Result>
+        struct Timing {
+            IDuration elapsed;
+            Result result;
+            int iterations;
+        };
+        template <typename Func, typename... Args>
+        using TimingOf = Timing<Detail::CompleteType_t<FunctionReturnType<Func, Args...>>>;
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TIMING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun, typename... Args>
+            TimingOf<Fun, Args...> measure(Fun&& fun, Args&&... args) {
+                auto start = Clock::now();
+                auto&& r = Detail::complete_invoke(CATCH_FORWARD(fun), CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                auto end = Clock::now();
+                auto delta = end - start;
+                return { delta, CATCH_FORWARD(r), 1 };
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MEASURE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            TimingOf<Fun, int> measure_one(Fun&& fun, int iters, std::false_type) {
+                return Detail::measure<Clock>(fun, iters);
+            }
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            TimingOf<Fun, Chronometer> measure_one(Fun&& fun, int iters, std::true_type) {
+                Detail::ChronometerModel<Clock> meter;
+                auto&& result = Detail::complete_invoke(fun, Chronometer(meter, iters));
+
+                return { meter.elapsed(), CATCH_MOVE(result), iters };
+            }
+
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            using run_for_at_least_argument_t = std::conditional_t<is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>::value, Chronometer, int>;
+
+
+            [[noreturn]]
+            void throw_optimized_away_error();
+
+            template <typename Clock, typename Fun>
+            TimingOf<Fun, run_for_at_least_argument_t<Clock, Fun>>
+                run_for_at_least(IDuration how_long,
+                                 const int initial_iterations,
+                                 Fun&& fun) {
+                auto iters = initial_iterations;
+                while (iters < (1 << 30)) {
+                    auto&& Timing = measure_one<Clock>(fun, iters, is_callable<Fun(Chronometer)>());
+
+                    if (Timing.elapsed >= how_long) {
+                        return { Timing.elapsed, CATCH_MOVE(Timing.result), iters };
+                    }
+                    iters *= 2;
+                }
+                throw_optimized_away_error();
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RUN_FOR_AT_LEAST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct ExecutionPlan {
+            int iterations_per_sample;
+            FDuration estimated_duration;
+            Detail::BenchmarkFunction benchmark;
+            FDuration warmup_time;
+            int warmup_iterations;
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            std::vector<FDuration> run(const IConfig &cfg, Environment env) const {
+                // warmup a bit
+                Detail::run_for_at_least<Clock>(
+                    std::chrono::duration_cast<IDuration>( warmup_time ),
+                    warmup_iterations,
+                    Detail::repeat( []() { return Clock::now(); } )
+                );
+
+                std::vector<FDuration> times;
+                const auto num_samples = cfg.benchmarkSamples();
+                times.reserve( num_samples );
+                for ( size_t i = 0; i < num_samples; ++i ) {
+                    Detail::ChronometerModel<Clock> model;
+                    this->benchmark( Chronometer( model, iterations_per_sample ) );
+                    auto sample_time = model.elapsed() - env.clock_cost.mean;
+                    if ( sample_time < FDuration::zero() ) {
+                        sample_time = FDuration::zero();
+                    }
+                    times.push_back(sample_time / iterations_per_sample);
+                }
+                return times;
+            }
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_EXECUTION_PLAN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ESTIMATE_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ESTIMATE_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            using sample = std::vector<double>;
+
+            double weighted_average_quantile( int k,
+                                              int q,
+                                              double* first,
+                                              double* last );
+
+            OutlierClassification
+            classify_outliers( double const* first, double const* last );
+
+            double mean( double const* first, double const* last );
+
+            double normal_cdf( double x );
+
+            double erfc_inv(double x);
+
+            double normal_quantile(double p);
+
+            Estimate<double>
+            bootstrap( double confidence_level,
+                       double* first,
+                       double* last,
+                       sample const& resample,
+                       double ( *estimator )( double const*, double const* ) );
+
+            struct bootstrap_analysis {
+                Estimate<double> mean;
+                Estimate<double> standard_deviation;
+                double outlier_variance;
+            };
+
+            bootstrap_analysis analyse_samples(double confidence_level,
+                                               unsigned int n_resamples,
+                                               double* first,
+                                               double* last);
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_STATS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename Clock>
+            std::vector<double> resolution(int k) {
+                const size_t points = static_cast<size_t>( k + 1 );
+                // To avoid overhead from the branch inside vector::push_back,
+                // we allocate them all and then overwrite.
+                std::vector<TimePoint<Clock>> times(points);
+                for ( auto& time : times ) {
+                    time = Clock::now();
+                }
+
+                std::vector<double> deltas;
+                deltas.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(k));
+                for ( size_t idx = 1; idx < points; ++idx ) {
+                    deltas.push_back( static_cast<double>(
+                        ( times[idx] - times[idx - 1] ).count() ) );
+                }
+
+                return deltas;
+            }
+
+            constexpr auto warmup_iterations = 10000;
+            constexpr auto warmup_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+            constexpr auto minimum_ticks = 1000;
+            constexpr auto warmup_seed = 10000;
+            constexpr auto clock_resolution_estimation_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_time_limit = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_tick_limit = 100000;
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_time = std::chrono::milliseconds(10);
+            constexpr auto clock_cost_estimation_iterations = 10000;
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            int warmup() {
+                return run_for_at_least<Clock>(warmup_time, warmup_seed, &resolution<Clock>)
+                    .iterations;
+            }
+            template <typename Clock>
+            EnvironmentEstimate estimate_clock_resolution(int iterations) {
+                auto r = run_for_at_least<Clock>(clock_resolution_estimation_time, iterations, &resolution<Clock>)
+                    .result;
+                return {
+                    FDuration(mean(r.data(), r.data() + r.size())),
+                    classify_outliers(r.data(), r.data() + r.size()),
+                };
+            }
+            template <typename Clock>
+            EnvironmentEstimate estimate_clock_cost(FDuration resolution) {
+                auto time_limit = (std::min)(
+                    resolution * clock_cost_estimation_tick_limit,
+                    FDuration(clock_cost_estimation_time_limit));
+                auto time_clock = [](int k) {
+                    return Detail::measure<Clock>([k] {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
+                            volatile auto ignored = Clock::now();
+                            (void)ignored;
+                        }
+                    }).elapsed;
+                };
+                time_clock(1);
+                int iters = clock_cost_estimation_iterations;
+                auto&& r = run_for_at_least<Clock>(clock_cost_estimation_time, iters, time_clock);
+                std::vector<double> times;
+                int nsamples = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(time_limit / r.elapsed));
+                times.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(nsamples));
+                for ( int s = 0; s < nsamples; ++s ) {
+                    times.push_back( static_cast<double>(
+                        ( time_clock( r.iterations ) / r.iterations )
+                            .count() ) );
+                }
+                return {
+                    FDuration(mean(times.data(), times.data() + times.size())),
+                    classify_outliers(times.data(), times.data() + times.size()),
+                };
+            }
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            Environment measure_environment() {
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"
+#endif
+                static Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<Environment> env;
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+                if (env) {
+                    return *env;
+                }
+
+                auto iters = Detail::warmup<Clock>();
+                auto resolution = Detail::estimate_clock_resolution<Clock>(iters);
+                auto cost = Detail::estimate_clock_cost<Clock>(resolution.mean);
+
+                env = Catch::Detail::make_unique<Environment>( Environment{resolution, cost} );
+                return *env;
+            }
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ESTIMATE_CLOCK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ANALYSE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ANALYSE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SAMPLE_ANALYSIS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SAMPLE_ANALYSIS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct SampleAnalysis {
+            std::vector<FDuration> samples;
+            Estimate<FDuration> mean;
+            Estimate<FDuration> standard_deviation;
+            OutlierClassification outliers;
+            double outlier_variance;
+        };
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SAMPLE_ANALYSIS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class IConfig;
+
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            SampleAnalysis analyse(const IConfig &cfg, FDuration* first, FDuration* last);
+        } // namespace Detail
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ANALYSE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        struct Benchmark {
+            Benchmark(std::string&& benchmarkName)
+                : name(CATCH_MOVE(benchmarkName)) {}
+
+            template <class FUN>
+            Benchmark(std::string&& benchmarkName , FUN &&func)
+                : fun(CATCH_MOVE(func)), name(CATCH_MOVE(benchmarkName)) {}
+
+            template <typename Clock>
+            ExecutionPlan prepare(const IConfig &cfg, Environment env) {
+                auto min_time = env.clock_resolution.mean * Detail::minimum_ticks;
+                auto run_time = std::max(min_time, std::chrono::duration_cast<decltype(min_time)>(cfg.benchmarkWarmupTime()));
+                auto&& test = Detail::run_for_at_least<Clock>(std::chrono::duration_cast<IDuration>(run_time), 1, fun);
+                int new_iters = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(min_time * test.iterations / test.elapsed));
+                return { new_iters, test.elapsed / test.iterations * new_iters * cfg.benchmarkSamples(), CATCH_MOVE(fun), std::chrono::duration_cast<FDuration>(cfg.benchmarkWarmupTime()), Detail::warmup_iterations };
+            }
+
+            template <typename Clock = default_clock>
+            void run() {
+                static_assert( Clock::is_steady,
+                               "Benchmarking clock should be steady" );
+                auto const* cfg = getCurrentContext().getConfig();
+
+                auto env = Detail::measure_environment<Clock>();
+
+                getResultCapture().benchmarkPreparing(name);
+                CATCH_TRY{
+                    auto plan = user_code([&] {
+                        return prepare<Clock>(*cfg, env);
+                    });
+
+                    BenchmarkInfo info {
+                        CATCH_MOVE(name),
+                        plan.estimated_duration.count(),
+                        plan.iterations_per_sample,
+                        cfg->benchmarkSamples(),
+                        cfg->benchmarkResamples(),
+                        env.clock_resolution.mean.count(),
+                        env.clock_cost.mean.count()
+                    };
+
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkStarting(info);
+
+                    auto samples = user_code([&] {
+                        return plan.template run<Clock>(*cfg, env);
+                    });
+
+                    auto analysis = Detail::analyse(*cfg, samples.data(), samples.data() + samples.size());
+                    BenchmarkStats<> stats{ CATCH_MOVE(info), CATCH_MOVE(analysis.samples), analysis.mean, analysis.standard_deviation, analysis.outliers, analysis.outlier_variance };
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkEnded(stats);
+                } CATCH_CATCH_ANON (TestFailureException const&) {
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkFailed("Benchmark failed due to failed assertion"_sr);
+                } CATCH_CATCH_ALL{
+                    getResultCapture().benchmarkFailed(translateActiveException());
+                    // We let the exception go further up so that the
+                    // test case is marked as failed.
+                    std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+                }
+            }
+
+            // sets lambda to be used in fun *and* executes benchmark!
+            template <typename Fun, std::enable_if_t<!Detail::is_related<Fun, Benchmark>::value, int> = 0>
+                Benchmark & operator=(Fun func) {
+                auto const* cfg = getCurrentContext().getConfig();
+                if (!cfg->skipBenchmarks()) {
+                    fun = Detail::BenchmarkFunction(func);
+                    run();
+                }
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            explicit operator bool() {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            Detail::BenchmarkFunction fun;
+            std::string name;
+        };
+    }
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(arg1, arg2, ...) arg1
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(arg1, arg2, ...) arg2
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(BenchmarkName, name, benchmarkIndex)\
+    if( Catch::Benchmark::Benchmark BenchmarkName{name} ) \
+        BenchmarkName = [&](int benchmarkIndex)
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(BenchmarkName, name)\
+    if( Catch::Benchmark::Benchmark BenchmarkName{name} ) \
+        BenchmarkName = [&]
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL)
+
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK(...) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,))
+#define CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(name) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), name)
+
+#else
+
+#define BENCHMARK(...) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_1_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,), INTERNAL_CATCH_GET_2_ARG(__VA_ARGS__,,))
+#define BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(name) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_BENCHMARK_ADVANCED(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(CATCH2_INTERNAL_BENCHMARK_), name)
+
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// Adapted from donated nonius code.
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONSTRUCTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONSTRUCTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Benchmark {
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename T, bool Destruct>
+            struct ObjectStorage
+            {
+                ObjectStorage() = default;
+
+                ObjectStorage(const ObjectStorage& other)
+                {
+                    new(&data) T(other.stored_object());
+                }
+
+                ObjectStorage(ObjectStorage&& other)
+                {
+                    new(data) T(CATCH_MOVE(other.stored_object()));
+                }
+
+                ~ObjectStorage() { destruct_on_exit<T>(); }
+
+                template <typename... Args>
+                void construct(Args&&... args)
+                {
+                    new (data) T(CATCH_FORWARD(args)...);
+                }
+
+                template <bool AllowManualDestruction = !Destruct>
+                std::enable_if_t<AllowManualDestruction> destruct()
+                {
+                    stored_object().~T();
+                }
+
+            private:
+                // If this is a constructor benchmark, destruct the underlying object
+                template <typename U>
+                void destruct_on_exit(std::enable_if_t<Destruct, U>* = nullptr) { destruct<true>(); }
+                // Otherwise, don't
+                template <typename U>
+                void destruct_on_exit(std::enable_if_t<!Destruct, U>* = nullptr) { }
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && __GNUC__ <= 6
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+#endif
+                T& stored_object() { return *reinterpret_cast<T*>( data ); }
+
+                T const& stored_object() const {
+                    return *reinterpret_cast<T const*>( data );
+                }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && __GNUC__ <= 6
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+                alignas( T ) unsigned char data[sizeof( T )]{};
+            };
+        } // namespace Detail
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using storage_for = Detail::ObjectStorage<T, true>;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using destructable_object = Detail::ObjectStorage<T, false>;
+    } // namespace Benchmark
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONSTRUCTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_BENCHMARK_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TOSTRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TOSTRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <string>
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the WCHAR configuration option
+ *
+ * We want to support platforms that do not provide `wchar_t`, so we
+ * sometimes have to disable providing wchar_t overloads through Catch2,
+ * e.g. the StringMaker specialization for `std::wstring`.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// We assume that WCHAR should be enabled by default, and only disabled
+// for a shortlist (so far only DJGPP) of compilers.
+
+#if defined(__DJGPP__)
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR
+#endif // __DJGPP__
+
+#if !defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_WCHAR ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REUSABLE_STRING_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REUSABLE_STRING_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ReusableStringStream : Detail::NonCopyable {
+        std::size_t m_index;
+        std::ostream* m_oss;
+    public:
+        ReusableStringStream();
+        ~ReusableStringStream();
+
+        //! Returns the serialized state
+        std::string str() const;
+        //! Sets internal state to `str`
+        void str(std::string const& str);
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+// Old versions of GCC do not understand -Wnonnull-compare
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"
+// Streaming a function pointer triggers Waddress and Wnonnull-compare
+// on GCC, because it implicitly converts it to bool and then decides
+// that the check it uses (a? true : false) is tautological and cannot
+// be null...
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Waddress"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnonnull-compare"
+#endif
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator << ( T const& value ) -> ReusableStringStream& {
+            *m_oss << value;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+        auto get() -> std::ostream& { return *m_oss; }
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_REUSABLE_STRING_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_VOID_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_VOID_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <typename...>
+        struct make_void { using type = void; };
+
+        template <typename... Ts>
+        using void_t = typename make_void<Ts...>::type;
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_VOID_TYPE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        struct EnumInfo {
+            StringRef m_name;
+            std::vector<std::pair<int, StringRef>> m_values;
+
+            ~EnumInfo();
+
+            StringRef lookup( int value ) const;
+        };
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    class IMutableEnumValuesRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IMutableEnumValuesRegistry(); // = default;
+
+        virtual Detail::EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allEnums, std::vector<int> const& values ) = 0;
+
+        template<typename E>
+        Detail::EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allEnums, std::initializer_list<E> values ) {
+            static_assert(sizeof(int) >= sizeof(E), "Cannot serialize enum to int");
+            std::vector<int> intValues;
+            intValues.reserve( values.size() );
+            for( auto enumValue : values )
+                intValues.push_back( static_cast<int>( enumValue ) );
+            return registerEnum( enumName, allEnums, intValues );
+        }
+    };
+
+} // Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+#include <string_view>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4180) // We attempt to stream a function (address) by const&, which MSVC complains about but is harmless
+#endif
+
+// We need a dummy global operator<< so we can bring it into Catch namespace later
+struct Catch_global_namespace_dummy{};
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Catch_global_namespace_dummy);
+
+namespace Catch {
+    // Bring in global namespace operator<< for ADL lookup in
+    // `IsStreamInsertable` below.
+    using ::operator<<;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        inline std::size_t catch_strnlen(const char *str, std::size_t n) {
+            auto ret = std::char_traits<char>::find(str, n, '\0');
+            if (ret != nullptr) {
+                return static_cast<std::size_t>(ret - str);
+            }
+            return n;
+        }
+
+        constexpr StringRef unprintableString = "{?}"_sr;
+
+        //! Encases `string in quotes, and optionally escapes invisibles
+        std::string convertIntoString( StringRef string, bool escapeInvisibles );
+
+        //! Encases `string` in quotes, and escapes invisibles if user requested
+        //! it via CLI
+        std::string convertIntoString( StringRef string );
+
+        std::string rawMemoryToString( const void *object, std::size_t size );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::string rawMemoryToString( const T& object ) {
+          return rawMemoryToString( &object, sizeof(object) );
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        class IsStreamInsertable {
+            template<typename Stream, typename U>
+            static auto test(int)
+                -> decltype(std::declval<Stream&>() << std::declval<U>(), std::true_type());
+
+            template<typename, typename>
+            static auto test(...)->std::false_type;
+
+        public:
+            static const bool value = decltype(test<std::ostream, const T&>(0))::value;
+        };
+
+        template<typename E>
+        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            !std::is_enum<T>::value && !std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
+        std::string> convertUnstreamable( T const& ) {
+            return std::string(Detail::unprintableString);
+        }
+        template<typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            !std::is_enum<T>::value && std::is_base_of<std::exception, T>::value,
+         std::string> convertUnstreamable(T const& ex) {
+            return ex.what();
+        }
+
+
+        template<typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            std::is_enum<T>::value,
+        std::string> convertUnstreamable( T const& value ) {
+            return convertUnknownEnumToString( value );
+        }
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED)
+        //! Convert a CLR string to a utf8 std::string
+        template<typename T>
+        std::string clrReferenceToString( T^ ref ) {
+            if (ref == nullptr)
+                return std::string("null");
+            auto bytes = System::Text::Encoding::UTF8->GetBytes(ref->ToString());
+            cli::pin_ptr<System::Byte> p = &bytes[0];
+            return std::string(reinterpret_cast<char const *>(p), bytes->Length);
+        }
+#endif
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+
+    template <typename T, typename = void>
+    struct StringMaker {
+        template <typename Fake = T>
+        static
+        std::enable_if_t<::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>
+            convert(const Fake& value) {
+                ReusableStringStream rss;
+                // NB: call using the function-like syntax to avoid ambiguity with
+                // user-defined templated operator<< under clang.
+                rss.operator<<(value);
+                return rss.str();
+        }
+
+        template <typename Fake = T>
+        static
+        std::enable_if_t<!::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<Fake>::value, std::string>
+            convert( const Fake& value ) {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER)
+            return Detail::convertUnstreamable(value);
+#else
+            return CATCH_CONFIG_FALLBACK_STRINGIFIER(value);
+#endif
+        }
+    };
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        // This function dispatches all stringification requests inside of Catch.
+        // Should be preferably called fully qualified, like ::Catch::Detail::stringify
+        template <typename T>
+        std::string stringify(const T& e) {
+            return ::Catch::StringMaker<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>>::convert(e);
+        }
+
+        template<typename E>
+        std::string convertUnknownEnumToString( E e ) {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<E>>(e));
+        }
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED)
+        template <typename T>
+        std::string stringify( T^ e ) {
+            return ::Catch::StringMaker<T^>::convert(e);
+        }
+#endif
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    // Some predefined specializations
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::string> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::string& str);
+    };
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::string_view> {
+        static std::string convert(std::string_view str);
+    };
+#endif
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<char const *> {
+        static std::string convert(char const * str);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<char *> {
+        static std::string convert(char * str);
+    };
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR)
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::wstring> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::wstring& wstr);
+    };
+
+# ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_STRING_VIEW
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::wstring_view> {
+        static std::string convert(std::wstring_view str);
+    };
+# endif
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<wchar_t const *> {
+        static std::string convert(wchar_t const * str);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<wchar_t *> {
+        static std::string convert(wchar_t * str);
+    };
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR
+
+    template<size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<char[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(char const* str) {
+            return Detail::convertIntoString(
+                StringRef( str, Detail::catch_strnlen( str, SZ ) ) );
+        }
+    };
+    template<size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<signed char[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(signed char const* str) {
+            auto reinterpreted = reinterpret_cast<char const*>(str);
+            return Detail::convertIntoString(
+                StringRef(reinterpreted, Detail::catch_strnlen(reinterpreted, SZ)));
+        }
+    };
+    template<size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned char[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned char const* str) {
+            auto reinterpreted = reinterpret_cast<char const*>(str);
+            return Detail::convertIntoString(
+                StringRef(reinterpreted, Detail::catch_strnlen(reinterpreted, SZ)));
+        }
+    };
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::byte> {
+        static std::string convert(std::byte value);
+    };
+#endif // defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_BYTE)
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<int> {
+        static std::string convert(int value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<long> {
+        static std::string convert(long value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<long long> {
+        static std::string convert(long long value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned int> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned int value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned long> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned long value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned long long> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned long long value);
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<bool> {
+        static std::string convert(bool b) {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return b ? "true"s : "false"s;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<char> {
+        static std::string convert(char c);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<signed char> {
+        static std::string convert(signed char value);
+    };
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<unsigned char> {
+        static std::string convert(unsigned char value);
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::nullptr_t> {
+        static std::string convert(std::nullptr_t) {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "nullptr"s;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<float> {
+        static std::string convert(float value);
+        CATCH_EXPORT static int precision;
+    };
+
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<double> {
+        static std::string convert(double value);
+        CATCH_EXPORT static int precision;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringMaker<T*> {
+        template <typename U>
+        static std::string convert(U* p) {
+            if (p) {
+                return ::Catch::Detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+            } else {
+                return "nullptr";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename R, typename C>
+    struct StringMaker<R C::*> {
+        static std::string convert(R C::* p) {
+            if (p) {
+                return ::Catch::Detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+            } else {
+                return "nullptr";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED)
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringMaker<T^> {
+        static std::string convert( T^ ref ) {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::clrReferenceToString(ref);
+        }
+    };
+#endif
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        template<typename InputIterator, typename Sentinel = InputIterator>
+        std::string rangeToString(InputIterator first, Sentinel last) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << "{ ";
+            if (first != last) {
+                rss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
+                for (++first; first != last; ++first)
+                    rss << ", " << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*first);
+            }
+            rss << " }";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Separate std-lib types stringification, so it can be selectively enabled
+// This means that we do not bring in their headers
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_ALL_STRINGMAKERS)
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER
+#endif
+
+// Separate std::pair specialization
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER)
+#include <utility>
+namespace Catch {
+    template<typename T1, typename T2>
+    struct StringMaker<std::pair<T1, T2> > {
+        static std::string convert(const std::pair<T1, T2>& pair) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << "{ "
+                << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(pair.first)
+                << ", "
+                << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(pair.second)
+                << " }";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_PAIR_STRINGMAKER
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_OPTIONAL)
+#include <optional>
+namespace Catch {
+    template<typename T>
+    struct StringMaker<std::optional<T> > {
+        static std::string convert(const std::optional<T>& optional) {
+            if (optional.has_value()) {
+                return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(*optional);
+            } else {
+                return "{ }";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    template <>
+    struct StringMaker<std::nullopt_t> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::nullopt_t&) {
+            return "{ }";
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_OPTIONAL_STRINGMAKER
+
+// Separate std::tuple specialization
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER)
+#include <tuple>
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        template<
+            typename Tuple,
+            std::size_t N = 0,
+            bool = (N < std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value)
+            >
+            struct TupleElementPrinter {
+            static void print(const Tuple& tuple, std::ostream& os) {
+                os << (N ? ", " : " ")
+                    << ::Catch::Detail::stringify(std::get<N>(tuple));
+                TupleElementPrinter<Tuple, N + 1>::print(tuple, os);
+            }
+        };
+
+        template<
+            typename Tuple,
+            std::size_t N
+        >
+            struct TupleElementPrinter<Tuple, N, false> {
+            static void print(const Tuple&, std::ostream&) {}
+        };
+
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename ...Types>
+    struct StringMaker<std::tuple<Types...>> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::tuple<Types...>& tuple) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << '{';
+            Detail::TupleElementPrinter<std::tuple<Types...>>::print(tuple, rss.get());
+            rss << " }";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_TUPLE_STRINGMAKER
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_VARIANT)
+#include <variant>
+namespace Catch {
+    template<>
+    struct StringMaker<std::monostate> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::monostate&) {
+            return "{ }";
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename... Elements>
+    struct StringMaker<std::variant<Elements...>> {
+        static std::string convert(const std::variant<Elements...>& variant) {
+            if (variant.valueless_by_exception()) {
+                return "{valueless variant}";
+            } else {
+                return std::visit(
+                    [](const auto& value) {
+                        return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(value);
+                    },
+                    variant
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ENABLE_VARIANT_STRINGMAKER
+
+namespace Catch {
+    // Import begin/ end from std here
+    using std::begin;
+    using std::end;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        template <typename T, typename = void>
+        struct is_range_impl : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct is_range_impl<T, void_t<decltype(begin(std::declval<T>()))>> : std::true_type {};
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_range : Detail::is_range_impl<T> {};
+
+#if defined(_MANAGED) // Managed types are never ranges
+    template <typename T>
+    struct is_range<T^> {
+        static const bool value = false;
+    };
+#endif
+
+    template<typename Range>
+    std::string rangeToString( Range const& range ) {
+        return ::Catch::Detail::rangeToString( begin( range ), end( range ) );
+    }
+
+    // Handle vector<bool> specially
+    template<typename Allocator>
+    std::string rangeToString( std::vector<bool, Allocator> const& v ) {
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << "{ ";
+        bool first = true;
+        for( bool b : v ) {
+            if( first )
+                first = false;
+            else
+                rss << ", ";
+            rss << ::Catch::Detail::stringify( b );
+        }
+        rss << " }";
+        return rss.str();
+    }
+
+    template<typename R>
+    struct StringMaker<R, std::enable_if_t<is_range<R>::value && !::Catch::Detail::IsStreamInsertable<R>::value>> {
+        static std::string convert( R const& range ) {
+            return rangeToString( range );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, size_t SZ>
+    struct StringMaker<T[SZ]> {
+        static std::string convert(T const(&arr)[SZ]) {
+            return rangeToString(arr);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+// Separate std::chrono::duration specialization
+#include <ctime>
+#include <ratio>
+#include <chrono>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+template <class Ratio>
+struct ratio_string {
+    static std::string symbol() {
+        Catch::ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << '[' << Ratio::num << '/'
+            << Ratio::den << ']';
+        return rss.str();
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::atto> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'a'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::femto> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'f'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::pico> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'p'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::nano> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'n'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::micro> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'u'; }
+};
+template <>
+struct ratio_string<std::milli> {
+    static char symbol() { return 'm'; }
+};
+
+    ////////////
+    // std::chrono::duration specializations
+    template<typename Value, typename Ratio>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, Ratio>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, Ratio> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << ' ' << ratio_string<Ratio>::symbol() << 's';
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+    template<typename Value>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<1>>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<1>> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << " s";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+    template<typename Value>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<60>>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<60>> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << " m";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+    template<typename Value>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<3600>>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::duration<Value, std::ratio<3600>> const& duration) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << duration.count() << " h";
+            return rss.str();
+        }
+    };
+
+    ////////////
+    // std::chrono::time_point specialization
+    // Generic time_point cannot be specialized, only std::chrono::time_point<system_clock>
+    template<typename Clock, typename Duration>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration> const& time_point) {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify(time_point.time_since_epoch()) + " since epoch";
+        }
+    };
+    // std::chrono::time_point<system_clock> specialization
+    template<typename Duration>
+    struct StringMaker<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>> {
+        static std::string convert(std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> const& time_point) {
+            auto converted = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point);
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            std::tm timeInfo = {};
+            gmtime_s(&timeInfo, &converted);
+#else
+            std::tm* timeInfo = std::gmtime(&converted);
+#endif
+
+            auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+            char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+            const char * const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, &timeInfo);
+#else
+            std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, timeInfo);
+#endif
+            return std::string(timeStamp, timeStampSize - 1);
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, ... ) \
+namespace Catch { \
+    template<> struct StringMaker<enumName> { \
+        static std::string convert( enumName value ) { \
+            static const auto& enumInfo = ::Catch::getMutableRegistryHub().getMutableEnumValuesRegistry().registerEnum( #enumName, #__VA_ARGS__, { __VA_ARGS__ } ); \
+            return static_cast<std::string>(enumInfo.lookup( static_cast<int>( value ) )); \
+        } \
+    }; \
+}
+
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_ENUM( enumName, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TOSTRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Approx {
+    private:
+        bool equalityComparisonImpl(double other) const;
+        // Sets and validates the new margin (margin >= 0)
+        void setMargin(double margin);
+        // Sets and validates the new epsilon (0 < epsilon < 1)
+        void setEpsilon(double epsilon);
+
+    public:
+        explicit Approx ( double value );
+
+        static Approx custom();
+
+        Approx operator-() const;
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx operator()( T const& value ) const {
+            Approx approx( static_cast<double>(value) );
+            approx.m_epsilon = m_epsilon;
+            approx.m_margin = m_margin;
+            approx.m_scale = m_scale;
+            return approx;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        explicit Approx( T const& value ): Approx(static_cast<double>(value))
+        {}
+
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator == ( const T& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            auto lhs_v = static_cast<double>(lhs);
+            return rhs.equalityComparisonImpl(lhs_v);
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator == ( Approx const& lhs, const T& rhs ) {
+            return operator==( rhs, lhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator != ( T const& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            return !operator==( lhs, rhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator != ( Approx const& lhs, T const& rhs ) {
+            return !operator==( rhs, lhs );
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator <= ( T const& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            return static_cast<double>(lhs) < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator <= ( Approx const& lhs, T const& rhs ) {
+            return lhs.m_value < static_cast<double>(rhs) || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator >= ( T const& lhs, Approx const& rhs ) {
+            return static_cast<double>(lhs) > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        friend bool operator >= ( Approx const& lhs, T const& rhs ) {
+            return lhs.m_value > static_cast<double>(rhs) || lhs == rhs;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx& epsilon( T const& newEpsilon ) {
+            const auto epsilonAsDouble = static_cast<double>(newEpsilon);
+            setEpsilon(epsilonAsDouble);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx& margin( T const& newMargin ) {
+            const auto marginAsDouble = static_cast<double>(newMargin);
+            setMargin(marginAsDouble);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <typename T, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        Approx& scale( T const& newScale ) {
+            m_scale = static_cast<double>(newScale);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        std::string toString() const;
+
+    private:
+        double m_epsilon;
+        double m_margin;
+        double m_scale;
+        double m_value;
+    };
+
+namespace literals {
+    Approx operator ""_a(long double val);
+    Approx operator ""_a(unsigned long long val);
+} // end namespace literals
+
+template<>
+struct StringMaker<Catch::Approx> {
+    static std::string convert(Catch::Approx const& value);
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_APPROX_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ASSERTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ASSERTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SOURCE_LINE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SOURCE_LINE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SourceLineInfo {
+
+        SourceLineInfo() = delete;
+        constexpr SourceLineInfo( char const* _file, std::size_t _line ) noexcept:
+            file( _file ),
+            line( _line )
+        {}
+
+        bool operator == ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept;
+        bool operator < ( SourceLineInfo const& other ) const noexcept;
+
+        char const* file;
+        std::size_t line;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, SourceLineInfo const& info);
+    };
+}
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO \
+    ::Catch::SourceLineInfo( __FILE__, static_cast<std::size_t>( __LINE__ ) )
+
+#endif // CATCH_SOURCE_LINE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct AssertionInfo {
+        // AssertionInfo() = delete;
+
+        StringRef macroName;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+        StringRef capturedExpression;
+        ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ASSERTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ASSERTION_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ASSERTION_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LAZY_EXPR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LAZY_EXPR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ITransientExpression;
+
+    class LazyExpression {
+        friend class AssertionHandler;
+        friend struct AssertionStats;
+        friend class RunContext;
+
+        ITransientExpression const* m_transientExpression = nullptr;
+        bool m_isNegated;
+    public:
+        constexpr LazyExpression( bool isNegated ):
+            m_isNegated(isNegated)
+        {}
+        constexpr LazyExpression(LazyExpression const& other) = default;
+        LazyExpression& operator = ( LazyExpression const& ) = delete;
+
+        constexpr explicit operator bool() const {
+            return m_transientExpression != nullptr;
+        }
+
+        friend auto operator << ( std::ostream& os, LazyExpression const& lazyExpr ) -> std::ostream&;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_LAZY_EXPR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct AssertionResultData
+    {
+        AssertionResultData() = delete;
+
+        AssertionResultData( ResultWas::OfType _resultType, LazyExpression const& _lazyExpression );
+
+        std::string message;
+        mutable std::string reconstructedExpression;
+        LazyExpression lazyExpression;
+        ResultWas::OfType resultType;
+
+        std::string reconstructExpression() const;
+    };
+
+    class AssertionResult {
+    public:
+        AssertionResult() = delete;
+        AssertionResult( AssertionInfo const& info, AssertionResultData&& data );
+
+        bool isOk() const;
+        bool succeeded() const;
+        ResultWas::OfType getResultType() const;
+        bool hasExpression() const;
+        bool hasMessage() const;
+        std::string getExpression() const;
+        std::string getExpressionInMacro() const;
+        bool hasExpandedExpression() const;
+        std::string getExpandedExpression() const;
+        StringRef getMessage() const;
+        SourceLineInfo getSourceInfo() const;
+        StringRef getTestMacroName() const;
+
+    //protected:
+        AssertionInfo m_info;
+        AssertionResultData m_resultData;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ASSERTION_RESULT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CASE_SENSITIVE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CASE_SENSITIVE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class CaseSensitive { Yes, No };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CASE_SENSITIVE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_SPEC_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_SPEC_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_WILDCARD_PATTERN_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_WILDCARD_PATTERN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch
+{
+    class WildcardPattern {
+        enum WildcardPosition {
+            NoWildcard = 0,
+            WildcardAtStart = 1,
+            WildcardAtEnd = 2,
+            WildcardAtBothEnds = WildcardAtStart | WildcardAtEnd
+        };
+
+    public:
+
+        WildcardPattern( std::string const& pattern, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity );
+        bool matches( std::string const& str ) const;
+
+    private:
+        std::string normaliseString( std::string const& str ) const;
+        CaseSensitive m_caseSensitivity;
+        WildcardPosition m_wildcard = NoWildcard;
+        std::string m_pattern;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_WILDCARD_PATTERN_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IConfig;
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+
+    class TestSpec {
+
+        class Pattern {
+        public:
+            explicit Pattern( std::string const& name );
+            virtual ~Pattern();
+            virtual bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const = 0;
+            std::string const& name() const;
+        private:
+            virtual void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const = 0;
+            // Writes string that would be reparsed into the pattern
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                            Pattern const& pattern) {
+                pattern.serializeTo( out );
+                return out;
+            }
+
+            std::string const m_name;
+        };
+
+        class NamePattern : public Pattern {
+        public:
+            explicit NamePattern( std::string const& name, std::string const& filterString );
+            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
+        private:
+            void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const override;
+
+            WildcardPattern m_wildcardPattern;
+        };
+
+        class TagPattern : public Pattern {
+        public:
+            explicit TagPattern( std::string const& tag, std::string const& filterString );
+            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const override;
+        private:
+            void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const override;
+
+            std::string m_tag;
+        };
+
+        struct Filter {
+            std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<Pattern>> m_required;
+            std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<Pattern>> m_forbidden;
+
+            //! Serializes this filter into a string that would be parsed into
+            //! an equivalent filter
+            void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const;
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, Filter const& f) {
+                f.serializeTo( out );
+                return out;
+            }
+
+            bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const;
+        };
+
+        static std::string extractFilterName( Filter const& filter );
+
+    public:
+        struct FilterMatch {
+            std::string name;
+            std::vector<TestCaseHandle const*> tests;
+        };
+        using Matches = std::vector<FilterMatch>;
+        using vectorStrings = std::vector<std::string>;
+
+        bool hasFilters() const;
+        bool matches( TestCaseInfo const& testCase ) const;
+        Matches matchesByFilter( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, IConfig const& config ) const;
+        const vectorStrings & getInvalidSpecs() const;
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<Filter> m_filters;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_invalidSpecs;
+
+        friend class TestSpecParser;
+        //! Serializes this test spec into a string that would be parsed into
+        //! equivalent test spec
+        void serializeTo( std::ostream& out ) const;
+        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                        TestSpec const& spec) {
+            spec.serializeTo( out );
+            return out;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_SPEC_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OPTIONAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OPTIONAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // An optional type
+    template<typename T>
+    class Optional {
+    public:
+        Optional(): nullableValue( nullptr ) {}
+        ~Optional() { reset(); }
+
+        Optional( T const& _value ):
+            nullableValue( new ( storage ) T( _value ) ) {}
+        Optional( T&& _value ):
+            nullableValue( new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( _value ) ) ) {}
+
+        Optional& operator=( T const& _value ) {
+            reset();
+            nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( _value );
+            return *this;
+        }
+        Optional& operator=( T&& _value ) {
+            reset();
+            nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( _value ) );
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Optional( Optional const& _other ):
+            nullableValue( _other ? new ( storage ) T( *_other ) : nullptr ) {}
+        Optional( Optional&& _other ):
+            nullableValue( _other ? new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( *_other ) )
+                                  : nullptr ) {}
+
+        Optional& operator=( Optional const& _other ) {
+            if ( &_other != this ) {
+                reset();
+                if ( _other ) { nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( *_other ); }
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+        Optional& operator=( Optional&& _other ) {
+            if ( &_other != this ) {
+                reset();
+                if ( _other ) {
+                    nullableValue = new ( storage ) T( CATCH_MOVE( *_other ) );
+                }
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        void reset() {
+            if ( nullableValue ) { nullableValue->~T(); }
+            nullableValue = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        T& operator*() {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return *nullableValue;
+        }
+        T const& operator*() const {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return *nullableValue;
+        }
+        T* operator->() {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return nullableValue;
+        }
+        const T* operator->() const {
+            assert(nullableValue);
+            return nullableValue;
+        }
+
+        T valueOr( T const& defaultValue ) const {
+            return nullableValue ? *nullableValue : defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        bool some() const { return nullableValue != nullptr; }
+        bool none() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
+
+        bool operator !() const { return nullableValue == nullptr; }
+        explicit operator bool() const {
+            return some();
+        }
+
+        friend bool operator==(Optional const& a, Optional const& b) {
+            if (a.none() && b.none()) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (a.some() && b.some()) {
+                return *a == *b;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        friend bool operator!=(Optional const& a, Optional const& b) {
+            return !( a == b );
+        }
+
+    private:
+        T* nullableValue;
+        alignas(alignof(T)) char storage[sizeof(T)];
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OPTIONAL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class GenerateFrom {
+        Time,
+        RandomDevice,
+        //! Currently equivalent to RandomDevice, but can change at any point
+        Default
+    };
+
+    std::uint32_t generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom from);
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t;
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        //! Splits the reporter spec into reporter name and kv-pair options
+        std::vector<std::string> splitReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec );
+
+        Optional<ColourMode> stringToColourMode( StringRef colourMode );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Structured reporter spec that a reporter can be created from
+     *
+     * Parsing has been validated, but semantics have not. This means e.g.
+     * that the colour mode is known to Catch2, but it might not be
+     * compiled into the binary, and the output filename might not be
+     * openable.
+     */
+    class ReporterSpec {
+        std::string m_name;
+        Optional<std::string> m_outputFileName;
+        Optional<ColourMode> m_colourMode;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m_customOptions;
+
+        friend bool operator==( ReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ReporterSpec const& rhs );
+        friend bool operator!=( ReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+            return !( lhs == rhs );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        ReporterSpec(
+            std::string name,
+            Optional<std::string> outputFileName,
+            Optional<ColourMode> colourMode,
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions );
+
+        std::string const& name() const { return m_name; }
+
+        Optional<std::string> const& outputFile() const {
+            return m_outputFileName;
+        }
+
+        Optional<ColourMode> const& colourMode() const { return m_colourMode; }
+
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> const& customOptions() const {
+            return m_customOptions;
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Parses provided reporter spec string into
+     *
+     * Returns empty optional on errors, e.g.
+     *  * field that is not first and not a key+value pair
+     *  * duplicated keys in kv pair
+     *  * unknown catch reporter option
+     *  * empty key/value in an custom kv pair
+     *  * ...
+     */
+    Optional<ReporterSpec> parseReporterSpec( StringRef reporterSpec );
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IStream;
+
+    /**
+     * `ReporterSpec` but with the defaults filled in.
+     *
+     * Like `ReporterSpec`, the semantics are unchecked.
+     */
+    struct ProcessedReporterSpec {
+        std::string name;
+        std::string outputFilename;
+        ColourMode colourMode;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions;
+        friend bool operator==( ProcessedReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ProcessedReporterSpec const& rhs );
+        friend bool operator!=( ProcessedReporterSpec const& lhs,
+                                ProcessedReporterSpec const& rhs ) {
+            return !( lhs == rhs );
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct ConfigData {
+
+        bool listTests = false;
+        bool listTags = false;
+        bool listReporters = false;
+        bool listListeners = false;
+
+        bool showSuccessfulTests = false;
+        bool shouldDebugBreak = false;
+        bool noThrow = false;
+        bool showHelp = false;
+        bool showInvisibles = false;
+        bool filenamesAsTags = false;
+        bool libIdentify = false;
+        bool allowZeroTests = false;
+
+        int abortAfter = -1;
+        uint32_t rngSeed = generateRandomSeed(GenerateFrom::Default);
+
+        unsigned int shardCount = 1;
+        unsigned int shardIndex = 0;
+
+        bool skipBenchmarks = false;
+        bool benchmarkNoAnalysis = false;
+        unsigned int benchmarkSamples = 100;
+        double benchmarkConfidenceInterval = 0.95;
+        unsigned int benchmarkResamples = 100'000;
+        std::chrono::milliseconds::rep benchmarkWarmupTime = 100;
+
+        Verbosity verbosity = Verbosity::Normal;
+        WarnAbout::What warnings = WarnAbout::Nothing;
+        ShowDurations showDurations = ShowDurations::DefaultForReporter;
+        double minDuration = -1;
+        TestRunOrder runOrder = TestRunOrder::Declared;
+        ColourMode defaultColourMode = ColourMode::PlatformDefault;
+        WaitForKeypress::When waitForKeypress = WaitForKeypress::Never;
+
+        std::string defaultOutputFilename;
+        std::string name;
+        std::string processName;
+        std::vector<ReporterSpec> reporterSpecifications;
+
+        std::vector<std::string> testsOrTags;
+        std::vector<std::string> sectionsToRun;
+    };
+
+
+    class Config : public IConfig {
+    public:
+
+        Config() = default;
+        Config( ConfigData const& data );
+        ~Config() override; // = default in the cpp file
+
+        bool listTests() const;
+        bool listTags() const;
+        bool listReporters() const;
+        bool listListeners() const;
+
+        std::vector<ReporterSpec> const& getReporterSpecs() const;
+        std::vector<ProcessedReporterSpec> const&
+        getProcessedReporterSpecs() const;
+
+        std::vector<std::string> const& getTestsOrTags() const override;
+        std::vector<std::string> const& getSectionsToRun() const override;
+
+        TestSpec const& testSpec() const override;
+        bool hasTestFilters() const override;
+
+        bool showHelp() const;
+
+        // IConfig interface
+        bool allowThrows() const override;
+        StringRef name() const override;
+        bool includeSuccessfulResults() const override;
+        bool warnAboutMissingAssertions() const override;
+        bool warnAboutUnmatchedTestSpecs() const override;
+        bool zeroTestsCountAsSuccess() const override;
+        ShowDurations showDurations() const override;
+        double minDuration() const override;
+        TestRunOrder runOrder() const override;
+        uint32_t rngSeed() const override;
+        unsigned int shardCount() const override;
+        unsigned int shardIndex() const override;
+        ColourMode defaultColourMode() const override;
+        bool shouldDebugBreak() const override;
+        int abortAfter() const override;
+        bool showInvisibles() const override;
+        Verbosity verbosity() const override;
+        bool skipBenchmarks() const override;
+        bool benchmarkNoAnalysis() const override;
+        unsigned int benchmarkSamples() const override;
+        double benchmarkConfidenceInterval() const override;
+        unsigned int benchmarkResamples() const override;
+        std::chrono::milliseconds benchmarkWarmupTime() const override;
+
+    private:
+        // Reads Bazel env vars and applies them to the config
+        void readBazelEnvVars();
+
+        ConfigData m_data;
+        std::vector<ProcessedReporterSpec> m_processedReporterSpecs;
+        TestSpec m_testSpec;
+        bool m_hasTestFilters = false;
+    };
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GET_RANDOM_SEED_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GET_RANDOM_SEED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    //! Returns Catch2's current RNG seed.
+    std::uint32_t getSeed();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_GET_RANDOM_SEED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MESSAGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MESSAGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES configuration option
+ *
+ * CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL can be used to avoid clashes with other macros
+ * by prepending CATCH_. This may not be desirable if the only clashes are with
+ * logger macros such as INFO and WARN. In this cases
+ * CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES can be used to only prefix a small subset
+ * of relevant macros.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES)
+    #define CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STREAM_END_STOP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STREAM_END_STOP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // Use this in variadic streaming macros to allow
+    //    << +StreamEndStop
+    // as well as
+    //    << stuff +StreamEndStop
+    struct StreamEndStop {
+        constexpr StringRef operator+() const { return StringRef(); }
+
+        template <typename T>
+        constexpr friend T const& operator+( T const& value, StreamEndStop ) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_STREAM_END_STOP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MESSAGE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MESSAGE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct MessageInfo {
+        MessageInfo(    StringRef _macroName,
+                        SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                        ResultWas::OfType _type );
+
+        StringRef macroName;
+        std::string message;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+        ResultWas::OfType type;
+        unsigned int sequence;
+
+        bool operator == (MessageInfo const& other) const {
+            return sequence == other.sequence;
+        }
+        bool operator < (MessageInfo const& other) const {
+            return sequence < other.sequence;
+        }
+    private:
+        static unsigned int globalCount;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MESSAGE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+    class IResultCapture;
+
+    struct MessageStream {
+
+        template<typename T>
+        MessageStream& operator << ( T const& value ) {
+            m_stream << value;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        ReusableStringStream m_stream;
+    };
+
+    struct MessageBuilder : MessageStream {
+        MessageBuilder( StringRef macroName,
+                        SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                        ResultWas::OfType type ):
+            m_info(macroName, lineInfo, type) {}
+
+        template<typename T>
+        MessageBuilder&& operator << ( T const& value ) && {
+            m_stream << value;
+            return CATCH_MOVE(*this);
+        }
+
+        MessageInfo m_info;
+    };
+
+    class ScopedMessage {
+    public:
+        explicit ScopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder );
+        ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage& duplicate ) = delete;
+        ScopedMessage( ScopedMessage&& old ) noexcept;
+        ~ScopedMessage();
+
+        MessageInfo m_info;
+        bool m_moved = false;
+    };
+
+    class Capturer {
+        std::vector<MessageInfo> m_messages;
+        IResultCapture& m_resultCapture;
+        size_t m_captured = 0;
+    public:
+        Capturer( StringRef macroName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, ResultWas::OfType resultType, StringRef names );
+
+        Capturer(Capturer const&) = delete;
+        Capturer& operator=(Capturer const&) = delete;
+
+        ~Capturer();
+
+        void captureValue( size_t index, std::string const& value );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        void captureValues( size_t index, T const& value ) {
+            captureValue( index, Catch::Detail::stringify( value ) );
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... Ts>
+        void captureValues( size_t index, T const& value, Ts const&... values ) {
+            captureValue( index, Catch::Detail::stringify(value) );
+            captureValues( index+1, values... );
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( macroName, messageType, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), resultDisposition ); \
+        catchAssertionHandler.handleMessage( messageType, ( Catch::MessageStream() << __VA_ARGS__ + ::Catch::StreamEndStop() ).m_stream.str() ); \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( false )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( varName, macroName, ... ) \
+    Catch::Capturer varName( macroName##_catch_sr,        \
+                             CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,     \
+                             Catch::ResultWas::Info,      \
+                             #__VA_ARGS__##_catch_sr );   \
+    varName.captureValues( 0, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( macroName, log ) \
+    const Catch::ScopedMessage INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( scopedMessage )( Catch::MessageBuilder( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info ) << log )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( macroName, log ) \
+    Catch::getResultCapture().emplaceUnscopedMessage( Catch::MessageBuilder( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::ResultWas::Info ) << log )
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "CATCH_INFO", msg )
+  #define CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( "CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO", msg )
+  #define CATCH_WARN( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_WARN", Catch::ResultWas::Warning, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, msg )
+  #define CATCH_CAPTURE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(capturer), "CATCH_CAPTURE", __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_INFO( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_WARN( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CAPTURE( ... )       (void)(0)
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_INFO( "INFO", msg )
+  #define UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_UNSCOPED_INFO( "UNSCOPED_INFO", msg )
+  #define WARN( msg ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "WARN", Catch::ResultWas::Warning, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, msg )
+  #define CAPTURE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_CAPTURE( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(capturer), "CAPTURE", __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_MESSAGES) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define INFO( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define UNSCOPED_INFO( msg ) (void)(0)
+  #define WARN( msg )          (void)(0)
+  #define CAPTURE( ... )       (void)(0)
+
+#endif // end of user facing macro declarations
+
+
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_MESSAGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SECTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SECTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TOTALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TOTALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct Counts {
+        Counts operator - ( Counts const& other ) const;
+        Counts& operator += ( Counts const& other );
+
+        std::uint64_t total() const;
+        bool allPassed() const;
+        bool allOk() const;
+
+        std::uint64_t passed = 0;
+        std::uint64_t failed = 0;
+        std::uint64_t failedButOk = 0;
+        std::uint64_t skipped = 0;
+    };
+
+    struct Totals {
+
+        Totals operator - ( Totals const& other ) const;
+        Totals& operator += ( Totals const& other );
+
+        Totals delta( Totals const& prevTotals ) const;
+
+        Counts assertions;
+        Counts testCases;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_TOTALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct SectionInfo {
+        // The last argument is ignored, so that people can write
+        // SECTION("ShortName", "Proper description that is long") and
+        // still use the `-c` flag comfortably.
+        SectionInfo( SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo, std::string _name,
+                    const char* const = nullptr ):
+            name(CATCH_MOVE(_name)),
+            lineInfo(_lineInfo)
+            {}
+
+        std::string name;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+    };
+
+    struct SectionEndInfo {
+        SectionInfo sectionInfo;
+        Counts prevAssertions;
+        double durationInSeconds;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SECTION_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SESSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SESSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMMANDLINE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMMANDLINE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CLARA_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CLARA_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wweak-vtables"
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated"
+#endif
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
+#    ifdef __has_include
+#        if __has_include( <optional>) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+#            include <optional>
+#            define CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE std::optional
+#        endif
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Clara {
+
+        class Args;
+        class Parser;
+
+        // enum of result types from a parse
+        enum class ParseResultType {
+            Matched,
+            NoMatch,
+            ShortCircuitAll,
+            ShortCircuitSame
+        };
+
+        struct accept_many_t {};
+        constexpr accept_many_t accept_many {};
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            struct fake_arg {
+                template <typename T>
+                operator T();
+            };
+
+            template <typename F, typename = void>
+            struct is_unary_function : std::false_type {};
+
+            template <typename F>
+            struct is_unary_function<
+                F,
+                Catch::Detail::void_t<decltype(
+                    std::declval<F>()( fake_arg() ) )
+                >
+            > : std::true_type {};
+
+            // Traits for extracting arg and return type of lambdas (for single
+            // argument lambdas)
+            template <typename L>
+            struct UnaryLambdaTraits
+                : UnaryLambdaTraits<decltype( &L::operator() )> {};
+
+            template <typename ClassT, typename ReturnT, typename... Args>
+            struct UnaryLambdaTraits<ReturnT ( ClassT::* )( Args... ) const> {
+                static const bool isValid = false;
+            };
+
+            template <typename ClassT, typename ReturnT, typename ArgT>
+            struct UnaryLambdaTraits<ReturnT ( ClassT::* )( ArgT ) const> {
+                static const bool isValid = true;
+                using ArgType = std::remove_const_t<std::remove_reference_t<ArgT>>;
+                using ReturnType = ReturnT;
+            };
+
+            class TokenStream;
+
+            // Wraps a token coming from a token stream. These may not directly
+            // correspond to strings as a single string may encode an option +
+            // its argument if the : or = form is used
+            enum class TokenType { Option, Argument };
+            struct Token {
+                TokenType type;
+                StringRef token;
+            };
+
+            // Abstracts iterators into args as a stream of tokens, with option
+            // arguments uniformly handled
+            class TokenStream {
+                using Iterator = std::vector<StringRef>::const_iterator;
+                Iterator it;
+                Iterator itEnd;
+                std::vector<Token> m_tokenBuffer;
+                void loadBuffer();
+
+            public:
+                explicit TokenStream( Args const& args );
+                TokenStream( Iterator it, Iterator itEnd );
+
+                explicit operator bool() const {
+                    return !m_tokenBuffer.empty() || it != itEnd;
+                }
+
+                size_t count() const {
+                    return m_tokenBuffer.size() + ( itEnd - it );
+                }
+
+                Token operator*() const {
+                    assert( !m_tokenBuffer.empty() );
+                    return m_tokenBuffer.front();
+                }
+
+                Token const* operator->() const {
+                    assert( !m_tokenBuffer.empty() );
+                    return &m_tokenBuffer.front();
+                }
+
+                TokenStream& operator++();
+            };
+
+            //! Denotes type of a parsing result
+            enum class ResultType {
+                Ok,          ///< No errors
+                LogicError,  ///< Error in user-specified arguments for
+                             ///< construction
+                RuntimeError ///< Error in parsing inputs
+            };
+
+            class ResultBase {
+            protected:
+                ResultBase( ResultType type ): m_type( type ) {}
+                virtual ~ResultBase(); // = default;
+
+
+                ResultBase(ResultBase const&) = default;
+                ResultBase& operator=(ResultBase const&) = default;
+                ResultBase(ResultBase&&) = default;
+                ResultBase& operator=(ResultBase&&) = default;
+
+                virtual void enforceOk() const = 0;
+
+                ResultType m_type;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            class ResultValueBase : public ResultBase {
+            public:
+                T const& value() const& {
+                    enforceOk();
+                    return m_value;
+                }
+                T&& value() && {
+                    enforceOk();
+                    return CATCH_MOVE( m_value );
+                }
+
+            protected:
+                ResultValueBase( ResultType type ): ResultBase( type ) {}
+
+                ResultValueBase( ResultValueBase const& other ):
+                    ResultBase( other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( other.m_value );
+                }
+                ResultValueBase( ResultValueBase&& other ):
+                    ResultBase( other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( CATCH_MOVE(other.m_value) );
+                }
+
+
+                ResultValueBase( ResultType, T const& value ):
+                    ResultBase( ResultType::Ok ) {
+                    new ( &m_value ) T( value );
+                }
+                ResultValueBase( ResultType, T&& value ):
+                    ResultBase( ResultType::Ok ) {
+                    new ( &m_value ) T( CATCH_MOVE(value) );
+                }
+
+                ResultValueBase& operator=( ResultValueBase const& other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        m_value.~T();
+                    ResultBase::operator=( other );
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( other.m_value );
+                    return *this;
+                }
+                ResultValueBase& operator=( ResultValueBase&& other ) {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok ) m_value.~T();
+                    ResultBase::operator=( other );
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        new ( &m_value ) T( CATCH_MOVE(other.m_value) );
+                    return *this;
+                }
+
+
+                ~ResultValueBase() override {
+                    if ( m_type == ResultType::Ok )
+                        m_value.~T();
+                }
+
+                union {
+                    T m_value;
+                };
+            };
+
+            template <> class ResultValueBase<void> : public ResultBase {
+            protected:
+                using ResultBase::ResultBase;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T = void>
+            class BasicResult : public ResultValueBase<T> {
+            public:
+                template <typename U>
+                explicit BasicResult( BasicResult<U> const& other ):
+                    ResultValueBase<T>( other.type() ),
+                    m_errorMessage( other.errorMessage() ) {
+                    assert( type() != ResultType::Ok );
+                }
+
+                template <typename U>
+                static auto ok( U&& value ) -> BasicResult {
+                    return { ResultType::Ok, CATCH_FORWARD(value) };
+                }
+                static auto ok() -> BasicResult { return { ResultType::Ok }; }
+                static auto logicError( std::string&& message )
+                    -> BasicResult {
+                    return { ResultType::LogicError, CATCH_MOVE(message) };
+                }
+                static auto runtimeError( std::string&& message )
+                    -> BasicResult {
+                    return { ResultType::RuntimeError, CATCH_MOVE(message) };
+                }
+
+                explicit operator bool() const {
+                    return m_type == ResultType::Ok;
+                }
+                auto type() const -> ResultType { return m_type; }
+                auto errorMessage() const -> std::string const& {
+                    return m_errorMessage;
+                }
+
+            protected:
+                void enforceOk() const override {
+
+                    // Errors shouldn't reach this point, but if they do
+                    // the actual error message will be in m_errorMessage
+                    assert( m_type != ResultType::LogicError );
+                    assert( m_type != ResultType::RuntimeError );
+                    if ( m_type != ResultType::Ok )
+                        std::abort();
+                }
+
+                std::string
+                    m_errorMessage; // Only populated if resultType is an error
+
+                BasicResult( ResultType type,
+                             std::string&& message ):
+                    ResultValueBase<T>( type ), m_errorMessage( CATCH_MOVE(message) ) {
+                    assert( m_type != ResultType::Ok );
+                }
+
+                using ResultValueBase<T>::ResultValueBase;
+                using ResultBase::m_type;
+            };
+
+            class ParseState {
+            public:
+                ParseState( ParseResultType type,
+                            TokenStream remainingTokens );
+
+                ParseResultType type() const { return m_type; }
+                TokenStream const& remainingTokens() const& {
+                    return m_remainingTokens;
+                }
+                TokenStream&& remainingTokens() && {
+                    return CATCH_MOVE( m_remainingTokens );
+                }
+
+            private:
+                ParseResultType m_type;
+                TokenStream m_remainingTokens;
+            };
+
+            using Result = BasicResult<void>;
+            using ParserResult = BasicResult<ParseResultType>;
+            using InternalParseResult = BasicResult<ParseState>;
+
+            struct HelpColumns {
+                std::string left;
+                StringRef descriptions;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source, T& target ) {
+                std::stringstream ss( source );
+                ss >> target;
+                if ( ss.fail() ) {
+                    return ParserResult::runtimeError(
+                        "Unable to convert '" + source +
+                        "' to destination type" );
+                } else {
+                    return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+                }
+            }
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                                      std::string& target );
+            ParserResult convertInto( std::string const& source, bool& target );
+
+#ifdef CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
+            template <typename T>
+            auto convertInto( std::string const& source,
+                              CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE<T>& target )
+                -> ParserResult {
+                T temp;
+                auto result = convertInto( source, temp );
+                if ( result )
+                    target = CATCH_MOVE( temp );
+                return result;
+            }
+#endif // CLARA_CONFIG_OPTIONAL_TYPE
+
+            struct BoundRef : Catch::Detail::NonCopyable {
+                virtual ~BoundRef() = default;
+                virtual bool isContainer() const;
+                virtual bool isFlag() const;
+            };
+            struct BoundValueRefBase : BoundRef {
+                virtual auto setValue( std::string const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult = 0;
+            };
+            struct BoundFlagRefBase : BoundRef {
+                virtual auto setFlag( bool flag ) -> ParserResult = 0;
+                bool isFlag() const override;
+            };
+
+            template <typename T> struct BoundValueRef : BoundValueRefBase {
+                T& m_ref;
+
+                explicit BoundValueRef( T& ref ): m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+                ParserResult setValue( std::string const& arg ) override {
+                    return convertInto( arg, m_ref );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <typename T>
+            struct BoundValueRef<std::vector<T>> : BoundValueRefBase {
+                std::vector<T>& m_ref;
+
+                explicit BoundValueRef( std::vector<T>& ref ): m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+                auto isContainer() const -> bool override { return true; }
+
+                auto setValue( std::string const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult override {
+                    T temp;
+                    auto result = convertInto( arg, temp );
+                    if ( result )
+                        m_ref.push_back( temp );
+                    return result;
+                }
+            };
+
+            struct BoundFlagRef : BoundFlagRefBase {
+                bool& m_ref;
+
+                explicit BoundFlagRef( bool& ref ): m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+                ParserResult setFlag( bool flag ) override;
+            };
+
+            template <typename ReturnType> struct LambdaInvoker {
+                static_assert(
+                    std::is_same<ReturnType, ParserResult>::value,
+                    "Lambda must return void or clara::ParserResult" );
+
+                template <typename L, typename ArgType>
+                static auto invoke( L const& lambda, ArgType const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult {
+                    return lambda( arg );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <> struct LambdaInvoker<void> {
+                template <typename L, typename ArgType>
+                static auto invoke( L const& lambda, ArgType const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult {
+                    lambda( arg );
+                    return ParserResult::ok( ParseResultType::Matched );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <typename ArgType, typename L>
+            auto invokeLambda( L const& lambda, std::string const& arg )
+                -> ParserResult {
+                ArgType temp{};
+                auto result = convertInto( arg, temp );
+                return !result ? result
+                               : LambdaInvoker<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<
+                                     L>::ReturnType>::invoke( lambda, temp );
+            }
+
+            template <typename L> struct BoundLambda : BoundValueRefBase {
+                L m_lambda;
+
+                static_assert(
+                    UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::isValid,
+                    "Supplied lambda must take exactly one argument" );
+                explicit BoundLambda( L const& lambda ): m_lambda( lambda ) {}
+
+                auto setValue( std::string const& arg )
+                    -> ParserResult override {
+                    return invokeLambda<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::ArgType>(
+                        m_lambda, arg );
+                }
+            };
+
+            template <typename L> struct BoundManyLambda : BoundLambda<L> {
+                explicit BoundManyLambda( L const& lambda ): BoundLambda<L>( lambda ) {}
+                bool isContainer() const override { return true; }
+            };
+
+            template <typename L> struct BoundFlagLambda : BoundFlagRefBase {
+                L m_lambda;
+
+                static_assert(
+                    UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::isValid,
+                    "Supplied lambda must take exactly one argument" );
+                static_assert(
+                    std::is_same<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<L>::ArgType,
+                                 bool>::value,
+                    "flags must be boolean" );
+
+                explicit BoundFlagLambda( L const& lambda ):
+                    m_lambda( lambda ) {}
+
+                auto setFlag( bool flag ) -> ParserResult override {
+                    return LambdaInvoker<typename UnaryLambdaTraits<
+                        L>::ReturnType>::invoke( m_lambda, flag );
+                }
+            };
+
+            enum class Optionality { Optional, Required };
+
+            class ParserBase {
+            public:
+                virtual ~ParserBase() = default;
+                virtual auto validate() const -> Result { return Result::ok(); }
+                virtual auto parse( std::string const& exeName,
+                                    TokenStream tokens ) const
+                    -> InternalParseResult = 0;
+                virtual size_t cardinality() const;
+
+                InternalParseResult parse( Args const& args ) const;
+            };
+
+            template <typename DerivedT>
+            class ComposableParserImpl : public ParserBase {
+            public:
+                template <typename T>
+                auto operator|( T const& other ) const -> Parser;
+            };
+
+            // Common code and state for Args and Opts
+            template <typename DerivedT>
+            class ParserRefImpl : public ComposableParserImpl<DerivedT> {
+            protected:
+                Optionality m_optionality = Optionality::Optional;
+                std::shared_ptr<BoundRef> m_ref;
+                StringRef m_hint;
+                StringRef m_description;
+
+                explicit ParserRefImpl( std::shared_ptr<BoundRef> const& ref ):
+                    m_ref( ref ) {}
+
+            public:
+                template <typename LambdaT>
+                ParserRefImpl( accept_many_t,
+                               LambdaT const& ref,
+                               StringRef hint ):
+                    m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundManyLambda<LambdaT>>( ref ) ),
+                    m_hint( hint ) {}
+
+                template <typename T,
+                          typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                              !Detail::is_unary_function<T>::value>>
+                ParserRefImpl( T& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                    m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundValueRef<T>>( ref ) ),
+                    m_hint( hint ) {}
+
+                template <typename LambdaT,
+                          typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                              Detail::is_unary_function<LambdaT>::value>>
+                ParserRefImpl( LambdaT const& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                    m_ref( std::make_shared<BoundLambda<LambdaT>>( ref ) ),
+                    m_hint( hint ) {}
+
+                DerivedT& operator()( StringRef description ) & {
+                    m_description = description;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&>( *this );
+                }
+                DerivedT&& operator()( StringRef description ) && {
+                    m_description = description;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&&>( *this );
+                }
+
+                auto optional() -> DerivedT& {
+                    m_optionality = Optionality::Optional;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&>( *this );
+                }
+
+                auto required() -> DerivedT& {
+                    m_optionality = Optionality::Required;
+                    return static_cast<DerivedT&>( *this );
+                }
+
+                auto isOptional() const -> bool {
+                    return m_optionality == Optionality::Optional;
+                }
+
+                auto cardinality() const -> size_t override {
+                    if ( m_ref->isContainer() )
+                        return 0;
+                    else
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+                StringRef hint() const { return m_hint; }
+            };
+
+        } // namespace detail
+
+
+        // A parser for arguments
+        class Arg : public Detail::ParserRefImpl<Arg> {
+        public:
+            using ParserRefImpl::ParserRefImpl;
+            using ParserBase::parse;
+
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const&,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+        };
+
+        // A parser for options
+        class Opt : public Detail::ParserRefImpl<Opt> {
+        protected:
+            std::vector<StringRef> m_optNames;
+
+        public:
+            template <typename LambdaT>
+            explicit Opt(LambdaT const& ref) :
+                ParserRefImpl(
+                    std::make_shared<Detail::BoundFlagLambda<LambdaT>>(ref)) {}
+
+            explicit Opt(bool& ref);
+
+            template <typename LambdaT,
+                      typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                          Detail::is_unary_function<LambdaT>::value>>
+            Opt( LambdaT const& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                ParserRefImpl( ref, hint ) {}
+
+            template <typename LambdaT>
+            Opt( accept_many_t, LambdaT const& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                ParserRefImpl( accept_many, ref, hint ) {}
+
+            template <typename T,
+                      typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                          !Detail::is_unary_function<T>::value>>
+            Opt( T& ref, StringRef hint ):
+                ParserRefImpl( ref, hint ) {}
+
+            Opt& operator[]( StringRef optName ) & {
+                m_optNames.push_back(optName);
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Opt&& operator[]( StringRef optName ) && {
+                m_optNames.push_back( optName );
+                return CATCH_MOVE(*this);
+            }
+
+            Detail::HelpColumns getHelpColumns() const;
+
+            bool isMatch(StringRef optToken) const;
+
+            using ParserBase::parse;
+
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const&,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+
+            Detail::Result validate() const override;
+        };
+
+        // Specifies the name of the executable
+        class ExeName : public Detail::ComposableParserImpl<ExeName> {
+            std::shared_ptr<std::string> m_name;
+            std::shared_ptr<Detail::BoundValueRefBase> m_ref;
+
+        public:
+            ExeName();
+            explicit ExeName(std::string& ref);
+
+            template <typename LambdaT>
+            explicit ExeName(LambdaT const& lambda) : ExeName() {
+                m_ref = std::make_shared<Detail::BoundLambda<LambdaT>>(lambda);
+            }
+
+            // The exe name is not parsed out of the normal tokens, but is
+            // handled specially
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const&,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+
+            std::string const& name() const { return *m_name; }
+            Detail::ParserResult set(std::string const& newName);
+        };
+
+
+        // A Combined parser
+        class Parser : Detail::ParserBase {
+            mutable ExeName m_exeName;
+            std::vector<Opt> m_options;
+            std::vector<Arg> m_args;
+
+        public:
+
+            auto operator|=(ExeName const& exeName) -> Parser& {
+                m_exeName = exeName;
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            auto operator|=(Arg const& arg) -> Parser& {
+                m_args.push_back(arg);
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            friend Parser& operator|=( Parser& p, Opt const& opt ) {
+                p.m_options.push_back( opt );
+                return p;
+            }
+            friend Parser& operator|=( Parser& p, Opt&& opt ) {
+                p.m_options.push_back( CATCH_MOVE(opt) );
+                return p;
+            }
+
+            Parser& operator|=(Parser const& other);
+
+            template <typename T>
+            friend Parser operator|( Parser const& p, T&& rhs ) {
+                Parser temp( p );
+                temp |= rhs;
+                return temp;
+            }
+
+            template <typename T>
+            friend Parser operator|( Parser&& p, T&& rhs ) {
+                p |= CATCH_FORWARD(rhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(p);
+            }
+
+            std::vector<Detail::HelpColumns> getHelpColumns() const;
+
+            void writeToStream(std::ostream& os) const;
+
+            friend auto operator<<(std::ostream& os, Parser const& parser)
+                -> std::ostream& {
+                parser.writeToStream(os);
+                return os;
+            }
+
+            Detail::Result validate() const override;
+
+            using ParserBase::parse;
+            Detail::InternalParseResult
+                parse(std::string const& exeName,
+                      Detail::TokenStream tokens) const override;
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Wrapper over argc + argv, assumes that the inputs outlive it
+         */
+        class Args {
+            friend Detail::TokenStream;
+            StringRef m_exeName;
+            std::vector<StringRef> m_args;
+
+        public:
+            Args(int argc, char const* const* argv);
+            // Helper constructor for testing
+            Args(std::initializer_list<StringRef> args);
+
+            StringRef exeName() const { return m_exeName; }
+        };
+
+
+        // Convenience wrapper for option parser that specifies the help option
+        struct Help : Opt {
+            Help(bool& showHelpFlag);
+        };
+
+        // Result type for parser operation
+        using Detail::ParserResult;
+
+        namespace Detail {
+            template <typename DerivedT>
+            template <typename T>
+            Parser
+                ComposableParserImpl<DerivedT>::operator|(T const& other) const {
+                return Parser() | static_cast<DerivedT const&>(*this) | other;
+            }
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Clara
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CLARA_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ConfigData;
+
+    Clara::Parser makeCommandLineParser( ConfigData& config );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMMANDLINE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Session : Detail::NonCopyable {
+    public:
+
+        Session();
+        ~Session();
+
+        void showHelp() const;
+        void libIdentify();
+
+        int applyCommandLine( int argc, char const * const * argv );
+    #if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WCHAR) && defined(_WIN32) && defined(UNICODE)
+        int applyCommandLine( int argc, wchar_t const * const * argv );
+    #endif
+
+        void useConfigData( ConfigData const& configData );
+
+        template<typename CharT>
+        int run(int argc, CharT const * const argv[]) {
+            if (m_startupExceptions)
+                return 1;
+            int returnCode = applyCommandLine(argc, argv);
+            if (returnCode == 0)
+                returnCode = run();
+            return returnCode;
+        }
+
+        int run();
+
+        Clara::Parser const& cli() const;
+        void cli( Clara::Parser const& newParser );
+        ConfigData& configData();
+        Config& config();
+    private:
+        int runInternal();
+
+        Clara::Parser m_cli;
+        ConfigData m_configData;
+        Detail::unique_ptr<Config> m_config;
+        bool m_startupExceptions = false;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SESSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TagAlias {
+        TagAlias(std::string const& _tag, SourceLineInfo _lineInfo):
+            tag(_tag),
+            lineInfo(_lineInfo)
+        {}
+
+        std::string tag;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_AUTOREGISTRAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_AUTOREGISTRAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct RegistrarForTagAliases {
+        RegistrarForTagAliases( char const* alias, char const* tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_TAG_ALIAS( alias, spec ) \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+    namespace{ Catch::RegistrarForTagAliases INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( AutoRegisterTagAlias )( alias, spec, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO ); } \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#endif // CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_AUTOREGISTRAR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// We need this suppression to leak, because it took until GCC 10
+// for the front end to handle local suppression via _Pragma properly
+// inside templates (so `TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE` and co).
+// **THIS IS DIFFERENT FOR STANDARD TESTS, WHERE GCC 9 IS SUFFICIENT**
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ICC) && __GNUC__ < 10
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_MACRO_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_MACRO_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ASSERTION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ASSERTION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_DECOMPOSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_DECOMPOSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_COMPARE_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_COMPARE_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && !defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+    // GCC likes to complain about comparing bool with 0, in the decltype()
+    // that defines the comparable traits below.
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wbool-compare"
+    // "ordered comparison of pointer with integer zero" same as above,
+    // but it does not have a separate warning flag to suppress
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wextra"
+    // Did you know that comparing floats with `0` directly
+    // is super-duper dangerous in unevaluated context?
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+    // Did you know that comparing floats with `0` directly
+    // is super-duper dangerous in unevaluated context?
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+
+#define CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( id, op )                               \
+    template <typename, typename, typename = void>                            \
+    struct is_##id##_comparable : std::false_type {};                         \
+    template <typename T, typename U>                                         \
+    struct is_##id##_comparable<                                              \
+        T,                                                                    \
+        U,                                                                    \
+        void_t<decltype( std::declval<T>() op std::declval<U>() )>>           \
+        : std::true_type {};                                                  \
+    template <typename, typename = void>                                      \
+    struct is_##id##_0_comparable : std::false_type {};                       \
+    template <typename T>                                                     \
+    struct is_##id##_0_comparable<T,                                          \
+                                  void_t<decltype( std::declval<T>() op 0 )>> \
+        : std::true_type {};
+
+        // We need all 6 pre-spaceship comparison ops: <, <=, >, >=, ==, !=
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( lt, < )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( le, <= )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( gt, > )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( ge, >= )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( eq, == )
+        CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT( ne, != )
+
+#undef CATCH_DEFINE_COMPARABLE_TRAIT
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) && !defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+#if defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_COMPARE_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LOGICAL_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LOGICAL_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+
+#if defined( __cpp_lib_logical_traits ) && __cpp_lib_logical_traits >= 201510
+
+    using std::conjunction;
+    using std::disjunction;
+    using std::negation;
+
+#else
+
+    template <class...> struct conjunction : std::true_type {};
+    template <class B1> struct conjunction<B1> : B1 {};
+    template <class B1, class... Bn>
+    struct conjunction<B1, Bn...>
+        : std::conditional_t<bool( B1::value ), conjunction<Bn...>, B1> {};
+
+    template <class...> struct disjunction : std::false_type {};
+    template <class B1> struct disjunction<B1> : B1 {};
+    template <class B1, class... Bn>
+    struct disjunction<B1, Bn...>
+        : std::conditional_t<bool( B1::value ), B1, disjunction<Bn...>> {};
+
+    template <class B>
+    struct negation : std::integral_constant<bool, !bool(B::value)> {};
+
+#endif
+
+} // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_LOGICAL_TRAITS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+/** \file
+ * Why does decomposing look the way it does:
+ *
+ * Conceptually, decomposing is simple. We change `REQUIRE( a == b )` into
+ * `Decomposer{} <= a == b`, so that `Decomposer{} <= a` is evaluated first,
+ * and our custom operator is used for `a == b`, because `a` is transformed
+ * into `ExprLhs<T&>` and then into `BinaryExpr<T&, U&>`.
+ *
+ * In practice, decomposing ends up a mess, because we have to support
+ * various fun things.
+ *
+ * 1) Types that are only comparable with literal 0, and they do this by
+ *    comparing against a magic type with pointer constructor and deleted
+ *    other constructors. Example: `REQUIRE((a <=> b) == 0)` in libstdc++
+ *
+ * 2) Types that are only comparable with literal 0, and they do this by
+ *    comparing against a magic type with consteval integer constructor.
+ *    Example: `REQUIRE((a <=> b) == 0)` in current MSVC STL.
+ *
+ * 3) Types that have no linkage, and so we cannot form a reference to
+ *    them. Example: some implementations of traits.
+ *
+ * 4) Starting with C++20, when the compiler sees `a == b`, it also uses
+ *    `b == a` when constructing the overload set. For us this means that
+ *    when the compiler handles `ExprLhs<T> == b`, it also tries to resolve
+ *    the overload set for `b == ExprLhs<T>`.
+ *
+ * To accomodate these use cases, decomposer ended up rather complex.
+ *
+ * 1) These types are handled by adding SFINAE overloads to our comparison
+ *    operators, checking whether `T == U` are comparable with the given
+ *    operator, and if not, whether T (or U) are comparable with literal 0.
+ *    If yes, the overload compares T (or U) with 0 literal inline in the
+ *    definition.
+ *
+ *    Note that for extra correctness, we check  that the other type is
+ *    either an `int` (literal 0 is captured as `int` by templates), or
+ *    a `long` (some platforms use 0L for `NULL` and we want to support
+ *    that for pointer comparisons).
+ *
+ * 2) For these types, `is_foo_comparable<T, int>` is true, but letting
+ *    them fall into the overload that actually does `T == int` causes
+ *    compilation error. Handling them requires that the decomposition
+ *    is `constexpr`, so that P2564R3 applies and the `consteval` from
+ *    their accompanying magic type is propagated through the `constexpr`
+ *    call stack.
+ *
+ *    However this is not enough to handle these types automatically,
+ *    because our default is to capture types by reference, to avoid
+ *    runtime copies. While these references cannot become dangling,
+ *    they outlive the constexpr context and thus the default capture
+ *    path cannot be actually constexpr.
+ *
+ *    The solution is to capture these types by value, by explicitly
+ *    specializing `Catch::capture_by_value` for them. Catch2 provides
+ *    specialization for `std::foo_ordering`s, but users can specialize
+ *    the trait for their own types as well.
+ *
+ * 3) If a type has no linkage, we also cannot capture it by reference.
+ *    The solution is once again to capture them by value. We handle
+ *    the common cases by using `std::is_arithmetic` as the default
+ *    for `Catch::capture_by_value`, but that is only a some-effort
+ *    heuristic. But as with 2), users can specialize `capture_by_value`
+ *    for their own types as needed.
+ *
+ * 4) To support C++20 and make the SFINAE on our decomposing operators
+ *    work, the SFINAE has to happen in return type, rather than in
+ *    a template type. This is due to our use of logical type traits
+ *    (`conjunction`/`disjunction`/`negation`), that we use to workaround
+ *    an issue in older (9-) versions of GCC. I still blame C++20 for
+ *    this, because without the comparison order switching, the logical
+ *    traits could still be used in template type.
+ *
+ * There are also other side concerns, e.g. supporting both `REQUIRE(a)`
+ * and `REQUIRE(a == b)`, or making `REQUIRE_THAT(a, IsEqual(b))` slot
+ * nicely into the same expression handling logic, but these are rather
+ * straightforward and add only a bit of complexity (e.g. common base
+ * class for decomposed expressions).
+ */
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4389) // '==' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+#pragma warning(disable:4018) // more "signed/unsigned mismatch"
+#pragma warning(disable:4312) // Converting int to T* using reinterpret_cast (issue on x64 platform)
+#pragma warning(disable:4180) // qualifier applied to function type has no meaning
+#pragma warning(disable:4800) // Forcing result to true or false
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#  pragma clang diagnostic push
+#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#  pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CPP20_OR_GREATER) && __has_include(<compare>)
+#  include <compare>
+#    if defined( __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison ) && \
+            __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison >= 201907L
+#      define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP20_COMPARE_OVERLOADS
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        // This was added in C++20, but we require only C++14 for now.
+        template <typename T>
+        using RemoveCVRef_t = std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>;
+    }
+
+    // Note: There is nothing that stops us from extending this,
+    //       e.g. to `std::is_scalar`, but the more encompassing
+    //       traits are usually also more expensive. For now we
+    //       keep this as it used to be and it can be changed later.
+    template <typename T>
+    struct capture_by_value
+        : std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_arithmetic<T>{}> {};
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_CPP20_COMPARE_OVERLOADS )
+    template <>
+    struct capture_by_value<std::strong_ordering> : std::true_type {};
+    template <>
+    struct capture_by_value<std::weak_ordering> : std::true_type {};
+    template <>
+    struct capture_by_value<std::partial_ordering> : std::true_type {};
+#endif
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct always_false : std::false_type {};
+
+    class ITransientExpression {
+        bool m_isBinaryExpression;
+        bool m_result;
+
+    protected:
+        ~ITransientExpression() = default;
+
+    public:
+        constexpr auto isBinaryExpression() const -> bool { return m_isBinaryExpression; }
+        constexpr auto getResult() const -> bool { return m_result; }
+        //! This function **has** to be overriden by the derived class.
+        virtual void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        constexpr ITransientExpression( bool isBinaryExpression, bool result )
+        :   m_isBinaryExpression( isBinaryExpression ),
+            m_result( result )
+        {}
+
+        constexpr ITransientExpression( ITransientExpression const& ) = default;
+        constexpr ITransientExpression& operator=( ITransientExpression const& ) = default;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, ITransientExpression const& expr) {
+            expr.streamReconstructedExpression(out);
+            return out;
+        }
+    };
+
+    void formatReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os, std::string const& lhs, StringRef op, std::string const& rhs );
+
+    template<typename LhsT, typename RhsT>
+    class BinaryExpr  : public ITransientExpression {
+        LhsT m_lhs;
+        StringRef m_op;
+        RhsT m_rhs;
+
+        void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const override {
+            formatReconstructedExpression
+                    ( os, Catch::Detail::stringify( m_lhs ), m_op, Catch::Detail::stringify( m_rhs ) );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        constexpr BinaryExpr( bool comparisonResult, LhsT lhs, StringRef op, RhsT rhs )
+        :   ITransientExpression{ true, comparisonResult },
+            m_lhs( lhs ),
+            m_op( op ),
+            m_rhs( rhs )
+        {}
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator && ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator || ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator == ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator != ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator > ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator < ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator >= ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        auto operator <= ( T ) const -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> const {
+            static_assert(always_false<T>::value,
+            "chained comparisons are not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename LhsT>
+    class UnaryExpr : public ITransientExpression {
+        LhsT m_lhs;
+
+        void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream &os ) const override {
+            os << Catch::Detail::stringify( m_lhs );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        explicit constexpr UnaryExpr( LhsT lhs )
+        :   ITransientExpression{ false, static_cast<bool>(lhs) },
+            m_lhs( lhs )
+        {}
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename LhsT>
+    class ExprLhs {
+        LhsT m_lhs;
+    public:
+        explicit constexpr ExprLhs( LhsT lhs ) : m_lhs( lhs ) {}
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR( id, op )           \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT&& rhs )             \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                Detail::negation<capture_by_value<             \
+                                    Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<RhsT>>>>::value,     \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>> {                                   \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                capture_by_value<RhsT>>::value,                \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_eq_0_comparable<LhsT>,                              \
+              /* We allow long because we want `ptr op NULL` to be accepted */ \
+                Detail::disjunction<std::is_same<RhsT, int>,                   \
+                                    std::is_same<RhsT, long>>>::value,         \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( rhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }                    \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op 0 ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };   \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_eq_0_comparable<RhsT>,                              \
+              /* We allow long because we want `ptr op NULL` to be accepted */ \
+                Detail::disjunction<std::is_same<LhsT, int>,                   \
+                                    std::is_same<LhsT, long>>>::value,         \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( lhs.m_lhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }              \
+        return { static_cast<bool>( 0 op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };    \
+    }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR( eq, == )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR( ne, != )
+
+    #undef CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_EQUALITY_OPERATOR
+
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( id, op )         \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT&& rhs )             \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                Detail::negation<capture_by_value<             \
+                                    Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<RhsT>>>>::value,     \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>> {                                   \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>,      \
+                                capture_by_value<RhsT>>::value,                \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_##id##_0_comparable<LhsT>,                          \
+                std::is_same<RhsT, int>>::value,                               \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( rhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }                    \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op 0 ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };   \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            Detail::conjunction<                                               \
+                Detail::negation<Detail::is_##id##_comparable<LhsT, RhsT>>,    \
+                Detail::is_##id##_0_comparable<RhsT>,                          \
+                std::is_same<LhsT, int>>::value,                               \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                                          \
+        if ( lhs.m_lhs != 0 ) { throw_test_failure_exception(); }              \
+        return { static_cast<bool>( 0 op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs };    \
+    }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( lt, < )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( le, <= )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( gt, > )
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR( ge, >= )
+
+    #undef CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON_OPERATOR
+
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR( op )                        \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT&& rhs )             \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<                                                   \
+            !capture_by_value<Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<RhsT>>::value,             \
+            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&>> {                                   \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }                                                                          \
+    template <typename RhsT>                                                   \
+    constexpr friend auto operator op( ExprLhs&& lhs, RhsT rhs )               \
+        -> std::enable_if_t<capture_by_value<RhsT>::value,                     \
+                            BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT>> {                          \
+        return {                                                               \
+            static_cast<bool>( lhs.m_lhs op rhs ), lhs.m_lhs, #op##_sr, rhs }; \
+    }
+
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR(|)
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR(&)
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR(^)
+
+    #undef CATCH_INTERNAL_DEFINE_EXPRESSION_OPERATOR
+
+        template<typename RhsT>
+        friend auto operator && ( ExprLhs &&, RhsT && ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> {
+            static_assert(always_false<RhsT>::value,
+            "operator&& is not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        template<typename RhsT>
+        friend auto operator || ( ExprLhs &&, RhsT && ) -> BinaryExpr<LhsT, RhsT const&> {
+            static_assert(always_false<RhsT>::value,
+            "operator|| is not supported inside assertions, "
+            "wrap the expression inside parentheses, or decompose it");
+        }
+
+        constexpr auto makeUnaryExpr() const -> UnaryExpr<LhsT> {
+            return UnaryExpr<LhsT>{ m_lhs };
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct Decomposer {
+        template <typename T,
+                  std::enable_if_t<!capture_by_value<Detail::RemoveCVRef_t<T>>::value,
+                      int> = 0>
+        constexpr friend auto operator <= ( Decomposer &&, T && lhs ) -> ExprLhs<T const&> {
+            return ExprLhs<const T&>{ lhs };
+        }
+
+        template <typename T,
+                  std::enable_if_t<capture_by_value<T>::value, int> = 0>
+        constexpr friend auto operator <= ( Decomposer &&, T value ) -> ExprLhs<T> {
+            return ExprLhs<T>{ value };
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+#ifdef __clang__
+#  pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#  pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_DECOMPOSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct AssertionReaction {
+        bool shouldDebugBreak = false;
+        bool shouldThrow = false;
+        bool shouldSkip = false;
+    };
+
+    class AssertionHandler {
+        AssertionInfo m_assertionInfo;
+        AssertionReaction m_reaction;
+        bool m_completed = false;
+        IResultCapture& m_resultCapture;
+
+    public:
+        AssertionHandler
+            (   StringRef macroName,
+                SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo,
+                StringRef capturedExpression,
+                ResultDisposition::Flags resultDisposition );
+        ~AssertionHandler() {
+            if ( !m_completed ) {
+                m_resultCapture.handleIncomplete( m_assertionInfo );
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        template<typename T>
+        constexpr void handleExpr( ExprLhs<T> const& expr ) {
+            handleExpr( expr.makeUnaryExpr() );
+        }
+        void handleExpr( ITransientExpression const& expr );
+
+        void handleMessage(ResultWas::OfType resultType, std::string&& message);
+
+        void handleExceptionThrownAsExpected();
+        void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown();
+        void handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected();
+        void handleThrowingCallSkipped();
+        void handleUnexpectedInflightException();
+
+        void complete();
+
+        // query
+        auto allowThrows() const -> bool;
+    };
+
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, std::string const& str );
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ASSERTION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_STRINGIFICATION)
+  #define CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(...) #__VA_ARGS__##_catch_sr
+#else
+  #define CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(...) "Disabled by CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_STRINGIFICATION"_catch_sr
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// We need this suppression to leak, because it took until GCC 10
+// for the front end to handle local suppression via _Pragma properly
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__ICC) && __GNUC__ <= 9
+  #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE) || defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Another way to speed-up compilation is to omit local try-catch for REQUIRE*
+// macros.
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( capturer )
+
+#else // CATCH_CONFIG_FAST_COMPILE
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY try
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( handler ) catch(...) { (handler).handleUnexpectedInflightException(); }
+
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { /* NOLINT(bugprone-infinite-loop) */ \
+        /* The expression should not be evaluated, but warnings should hopefully be checked */ \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_IGNORE_BUT_WARN(__VA_ARGS__); \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY { \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PARENTHESES_WARNINGS \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::Decomposer() <= __VA_ARGS__ ); /* NOLINT(bugprone-chained-comparison) */ \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        } INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( (void)0, (false) && static_cast<const bool&>( !!(__VA_ARGS__) ) ) // the expression here is never evaluated at runtime but it forces the compiler to give it a look
+    // The double negation silences MSVC's C4800 warning, the static_cast forces short-circuit evaluation if the type has overloaded &&.
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( macroName, resultDisposition, __VA_ARGS__ ); \
+    if( Catch::getResultCapture().lastAssertionPassed() )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_ELSE( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( macroName, resultDisposition, __VA_ARGS__ ); \
+    if( !Catch::getResultCapture().lastAssertionPassed() )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition ); \
+        try { \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+            static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionNotThrownAsExpected(); \
+        } \
+        catch( ... ) { \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+        } \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( false )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( macroName, resultDisposition, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__), resultDisposition); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+                static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionThrownAsExpected(); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( false )
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( macroName, exceptionType, resultDisposition, expr ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(expr) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType), resultDisposition ); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+                static_cast<void>(expr); \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( exceptionType const& ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleExceptionThrownAsExpected(); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( false )
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Although this is matcher-based, it can be used with just a string
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( macroName, resultDisposition, matcher, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_RESULT \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+                static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__); \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                Catch::handleExceptionMatchExpr( catchAssertionHandler, matcher ); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( false )
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_MACRO_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SECTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SECTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for the STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT configuration option
+ *
+ * Some of Catch2's macros can be defined differently to work better with
+ * static analysis tools, like clang-tidy or coverity.
+ * Currently the main use case is to show that `SECTION`s are executed
+ * exclusively, and not all in one run of a `TEST_CASE`.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(__clang_analyzer__) || defined(__COVERITY__)
+    #define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TIMER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TIMER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Timer {
+        uint64_t m_nanoseconds = 0;
+    public:
+        void start();
+        auto getElapsedNanoseconds() const -> uint64_t;
+        auto getElapsedMicroseconds() const -> uint64_t;
+        auto getElapsedMilliseconds() const -> unsigned int;
+        auto getElapsedSeconds() const -> double;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TIMER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class Section : Detail::NonCopyable {
+    public:
+        Section( SectionInfo&& info );
+        Section( SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo,
+                 StringRef _name,
+                 const char* const = nullptr );
+        ~Section();
+
+        // This indicates whether the section should be executed or not
+        explicit operator bool() const;
+
+    private:
+        SectionInfo m_info;
+
+        Counts m_assertions;
+        bool m_sectionIncluded;
+        Timer m_timer;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT)
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( ... )                                 \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                         \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                  \
+        if ( Catch::Section const& INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(            \
+                 catch_internal_Section ) =                               \
+                 Catch::Section( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, __VA_ARGS__ ) ) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )                     \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                     \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS              \
+        if ( Catch::Section const& INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(        \
+                 catch_internal_Section ) =                           \
+                 Catch::SectionInfo(                                  \
+                     CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,                         \
+                     ( Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__ ) \
+                         .str() ) )                                   \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#else
+
+// These section definitions imply that at most one section at one level
+// will be intered (because only one section's __LINE__ can be equal to
+// the dummy `catchInternalSectionHint` variable from `TEST_CASE`).
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        // Intentionally without linkage, as it should only be used as a dummy
+        // symbol for static analysis.
+        // The arguments are used as a dummy for checking warnings in the passed
+        // expressions.
+        int GetNewSectionHint( StringRef, const char* const = nullptr );
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( ... )                                   \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                    \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS                             \
+        if ( [[maybe_unused]] const int catchInternalPreviousSectionHint =  \
+                 catchInternalSectionHint,                                  \
+             catchInternalSectionHint =                                     \
+                 Catch::Detail::GetNewSectionHint(__VA_ARGS__);             \
+             catchInternalPreviousSectionHint == __LINE__ )                 \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                    \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS                             \
+        if ( [[maybe_unused]] const int catchInternalPreviousSectionHint =  \
+                 catchInternalSectionHint,                                  \
+             catchInternalSectionHint = Catch::Detail::GetNewSectionHint(   \
+                ( Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__ ).str());    \
+             catchInternalPreviousSectionHint == __LINE__ )                 \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_SECTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_TEST_INVOKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_TEST_INVOKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ITestInvoker {
+    public:
+        virtual void prepareTestCase();
+        virtual void tearDownTestCase();
+        virtual void invoke() const = 0;
+        virtual ~ITestInvoker(); // = default
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_TEST_INVOKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_REMOVE_PARENS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_REMOVE_PARENS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND1( param ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND2( param )
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND2( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO##__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF __VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NOINTERNAL_CATCH_DEF
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS( ... ) \
+    INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND1( INTERNAL_CATCH_DEF __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#endif // CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_REMOVE_PARENS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// GCC 5 and older do not properly handle disabling unused-variable warning
+// with a _Pragma. This means that we have to leak the suppression to the
+// user code as well :-(
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ <= 5
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+template<typename C>
+class TestInvokerAsMethod : public ITestInvoker {
+    void (C::*m_testAsMethod)();
+public:
+    constexpr TestInvokerAsMethod( void ( C::*testAsMethod )() ) noexcept:
+        m_testAsMethod( testAsMethod ) {}
+
+    void invoke() const override {
+        C obj;
+        (obj.*m_testAsMethod)();
+    }
+};
+
+Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> makeTestInvoker( void(*testAsFunction)() );
+
+template<typename C>
+Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> makeTestInvoker( void (C::*testAsMethod)() ) {
+    return Detail::make_unique<TestInvokerAsMethod<C>>( testAsMethod );
+}
+
+template <typename C>
+class TestInvokerFixture : public ITestInvoker {
+    void ( C::*m_testAsMethod )() const;
+    Detail::unique_ptr<C> m_fixture = nullptr;
+
+public:
+    constexpr TestInvokerFixture( void ( C::*testAsMethod )() const ) noexcept:
+        m_testAsMethod( testAsMethod ) {}
+
+    void prepareTestCase() override {
+        m_fixture = Detail::make_unique<C>();
+    }
+
+    void tearDownTestCase() override {
+        m_fixture.reset();
+    }
+
+    void invoke() const override {
+        auto* f = m_fixture.get();
+        ( f->*m_testAsMethod )();
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename C>
+Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> makeTestInvokerFixture( void ( C::*testAsMethod )() const ) {
+    return Detail::make_unique<TestInvokerFixture<C>>( testAsMethod );
+}
+
+struct NameAndTags {
+    constexpr NameAndTags( StringRef name_ = StringRef(),
+                           StringRef tags_ = StringRef() ) noexcept:
+        name( name_ ), tags( tags_ ) {}
+    StringRef name;
+    StringRef tags;
+};
+
+struct AutoReg : Detail::NonCopyable {
+    AutoReg( Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> invoker, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, StringRef classOrMethod, NameAndTags const& nameAndTags ) noexcept;
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION( TestName, ... ) \
+        static inline void TestName()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( TestName, ClassName, ... ) \
+        namespace{                        \
+            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName) { \
+                void test();              \
+            };                            \
+        }                                 \
+        void TestName::test()
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT)
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( TestName, ... ) \
+        static void TestName(); \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace{ const Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); } /* NOLINT */ \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        static void TestName()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#else  // ^^ !CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT | vv CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+
+
+// Dummy registrator for the dumy test case macros
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        struct DummyUse {
+            DummyUse( void ( * )( int ), Catch::NameAndTags const& );
+        };
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+// Note that both the presence of the argument and its exact name are
+// necessary for the section support.
+
+// We provide a shadowed variable so that a `SECTION` inside non-`TEST_CASE`
+// tests can compile. The redefined `TEST_CASE` shadows this with param.
+static int catchInternalSectionHint = 0;
+
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( fname, ... )                         \
+        static void fname( int );                                          \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                          \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                           \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                   \
+        static const Catch::Detail::DummyUse INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(   \
+            dummyUser )( &(fname), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } );    \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_SHADOW_WARNINGS                            \
+        static void fname( [[maybe_unused]] int catchInternalSectionHint ) \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+#    define INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( dummyFunction ), __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL_STATIC_ANALYSIS_SUPPORT
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( TestName, ClassName, ... )\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace{ \
+            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName) { \
+                void test(); \
+            }; \
+            const Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( \
+            Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName::test ),                    \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,                                      \
+            #ClassName##_catch_sr,                                        \
+            Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */ \
+        } \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        void TestName::test()
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), ClassName, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE2( TestName, ClassName, ... )      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                             \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                              \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS                      \
+        namespace {                                                           \
+            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS( ClassName ) {     \
+                void test() const;                                            \
+            };                                                                \
+            const Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( \
+                Catch::makeTestInvokerFixture( &TestName::test ),                    \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,                                      \
+                #ClassName##_catch_sr,                                        \
+                Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */             \
+        }                                                                     \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                              \
+        void TestName::test() const
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE( ClassName, ... )    \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), ClassName, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( QualifiedMethod, ... ) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace {                                                           \
+        const Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( \
+            Catch::makeTestInvoker( &QualifiedMethod ),                   \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO,                                      \
+            "&" #QualifiedMethod##_catch_sr,                              \
+            Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } );                          \
+    } /* NOLINT */ \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, ... ) \
+        do { \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+            Catch::AutoReg INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( autoRegistrar )( Catch::makeTestInvoker( Function ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ __VA_ARGS__ } ); /* NOLINT */ \
+            CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        } while(false)
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// All of our user-facing macros support configuration toggle, that
+// forces them to be defined prefixed with CATCH_. We also like to
+// support another toggle that can minimize (disable) their implementation.
+// Given this, we have 4 different configuration options below
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_REQUIRE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, expr )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "CATCH_REQUIRE_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_CHECK", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_CHECK_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_IF( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( "CATCH_CHECKED_IF", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_ELSE( "CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, expr )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_FAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_FAIL", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_FAIL_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_FAIL_CHECK", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SUCCEED( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "CATCH_SUCCEED", Catch::ResultWas::Ok, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SKIP( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "SKIP", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitSkip, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+  #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_RUNTIME_STATIC_REQUIRE)
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__ ,      #__VA_ARGS__ );     CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__ ,      #__VA_ARGS__ );     CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); CATCH_SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       CATCH_REQUIRE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK( ... )       CATCH_CHECK( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) CATCH_CHECK_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #endif
+
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO( ... ) CATCH_TEST_CASE( "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_GIVEN( desc )     INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "    Given: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_GIVEN( desc ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "And given: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_WHEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     When: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_WHEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( " And when: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_THEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     Then: " << desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_THEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "      And: " << desc )
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE) // ^^ prefixed, implemented | vv prefixed, disabled
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE( ... )        (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... )  (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK( ... )         (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_FALSE( ... )   (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_IF( ... )    if (__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define CATCH_CHECKED_ELSE( ... )  if (!(__VA_ARGS__))
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOFAIL( ... )  (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS( ... )  (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... )
+  #define CATCH_TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define CATCH_REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_SECTION( ... )
+  #define CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )
+  #define CATCH_FAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_FAIL_CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_SUCCEED( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_SKIP( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define CATCH_SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), className )
+  #define CATCH_GIVEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_GIVEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_WHEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_WHEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_THEN( desc )
+  #define CATCH_AND_THEN( desc )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE) // ^^ prefixed, disabled | vv unprefixed, implemented
+
+  #define REQUIRE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "REQUIRE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__  )
+  #define REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "REQUIRE_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "REQUIRE_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "REQUIRE_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, expr )
+  #define REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "REQUIRE_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CHECK", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECK_FALSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CHECK_FALSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::FalseTest, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECKED_IF( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_IF( "CHECKED_IF", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECKED_ELSE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_ELSE( "CHECKED_ELSE", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECK_NOFAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST( "CHECK_NOFAIL", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure | Catch::ResultDisposition::SuppressFail, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS( "CHECK_THROWS", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_AS( "CHECK_THROWS_AS", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, expr )
+  #define CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_NO_THROW( "CHECK_NOTHROW", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+  #define TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_REGISTER_TESTCASE( Function, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define FAIL( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "FAIL", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define FAIL_CHECK( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "FAIL_CHECK", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitFailure, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SUCCEED( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "SUCCEED", Catch::ResultWas::Ok, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SKIP( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_MSG( "SKIP", Catch::ResultWas::ExplicitSkip, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+
+  #if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_RUNTIME_STATIC_REQUIRE)
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__,  #__VA_ARGS__ ); SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); SUCCEED( "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK( ... )       static_assert(   __VA_ARGS__,  #__VA_ARGS__ ); SUCCEED( #__VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) static_assert( !(__VA_ARGS__), "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" ); SUCCEED( "!(" #__VA_ARGS__ ")" )
+  #else
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       REQUIRE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) REQUIRE_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK( ... )       CHECK( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) CHECK_FALSE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #endif
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define SCENARIO( ... ) TEST_CASE( "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, "Scenario: " __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define GIVEN( desc )     INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "    Given: " << desc )
+  #define AND_GIVEN( desc ) INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "And given: " << desc )
+  #define WHEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     When: " << desc )
+  #define AND_WHEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( " And when: " << desc )
+  #define THEN( desc )      INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "     Then: " << desc )
+  #define AND_THEN( desc )  INTERNAL_CATCH_DYNAMIC_SECTION( "      And: " << desc )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE) // ^^ unprefixed, implemented | vv unprefixed, disabled
+
+  #define REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define CHECKED_IF( ... ) if (__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define CHECKED_ELSE( ... ) if (!(__VA_ARGS__))
+  #define CHECK_NOFAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS( ... )  (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_AS( expr, exceptionType ) (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_NOTHROW( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define TEST_CASE( ... )  INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), __VA_ARGS__)
+  #define TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ))
+  #define METHOD_AS_TEST_CASE( method, ... )
+  #define TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), __VA_ARGS__)
+  #define REGISTER_TEST_CASE( Function, ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define SECTION( ... )
+  #define DYNAMIC_SECTION( ... )
+  #define FAIL( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define FAIL_CHECK( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define SUCCEED( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define SKIP( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define STATIC_REQUIRE( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define STATIC_REQUIRE_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+  #define STATIC_CHECK( ... )       (void)(0)
+  #define STATIC_CHECK_FALSE( ... ) (void)(0)
+
+  // "BDD-style" convenience wrappers
+  #define SCENARIO( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ) )
+  #define SCENARIO_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TESTCASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEST_ ), className )
+
+  #define GIVEN( desc )
+  #define AND_GIVEN( desc )
+  #define WHEN( desc )
+  #define AND_WHEN( desc )
+  #define THEN( desc )
+  #define AND_THEN( desc )
+
+#endif // ^^ unprefixed, disabled
+
+// end of user facing macros
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+// We need to silence "empty __VA_ARGS__ warning", and using just _Pragma does not work
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(...) __VA_ARGS__
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL0(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL1(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL2(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL3(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL4(__VA_ARGS__)))
+
+#ifdef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(...) __VA_ARGS__
+// MSVC needs more evaluations
+#define CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(...) CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#define CATCH_RECURSE(...)  CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL6(__VA_ARGS__))
+#else
+#define CATCH_RECURSE(...)  CATCH_RECURSION_LEVEL5(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+#define CATCH_REC_END(...)
+#define CATCH_REC_OUT
+
+#define CATCH_EMPTY()
+#define CATCH_DEFER(id) id CATCH_EMPTY()
+
+#define CATCH_REC_GET_END2() 0, CATCH_REC_END
+#define CATCH_REC_GET_END1(...) CATCH_REC_GET_END2
+#define CATCH_REC_GET_END(...) CATCH_REC_GET_END1
+#define CATCH_REC_NEXT0(test, next, ...) next CATCH_REC_OUT
+#define CATCH_REC_NEXT1(test, next) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT0 ) ( test, next, 0)
+#define CATCH_REC_NEXT(test, next)  CATCH_REC_NEXT1(CATCH_REC_GET_END test, next)
+
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST0(f, x, peek, ...) , f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST1(f, x, peek, ...) , f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST0) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST2(f, x, peek, ...)   f(x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1) ) ( f, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST0_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...) , f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...) , f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST0_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST2_UD(f, userdata, x, peek, ...)   f(userdata, x) CATCH_DEFER ( CATCH_REC_NEXT(peek, CATCH_REC_LIST1_UD) ) ( f, userdata, peek, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+// Applies the function macro `f` to each of the remaining parameters, inserts commas between the results,
+// and passes userdata as the first parameter to each invocation,
+// e.g. CATCH_REC_LIST_UD(f, x, a, b, c) evaluates to f(x, a), f(x, b), f(x, c)
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST_UD(f, userdata, ...) CATCH_RECURSE(CATCH_REC_LIST2_UD(f, userdata, __VA_ARGS__, ()()(), ()()(), ()()(), 0))
+
+#define CATCH_REC_LIST(f, ...) CATCH_RECURSE(CATCH_REC_LIST2(f, __VA_ARGS__, ()()(), ()()(), ()()(), 0))
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(__VA_ARGS__)
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(...) #__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS(param) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(param))
+#else
+// MSVC is adding extra space and needs another indirection to expand INTERNAL_CATCH_NOINTERNAL_CATCH_DEF
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE2(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE3(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE3(...) #__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS(param) (INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(param)) + 1)
+#endif
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE2(...) ns_##__VA_ARGS__
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(name) INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE2(name)
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(...) decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(__VA_ARGS__)>())
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(__VA_ARGS__))
+#else
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(__VA_ARGS__)>()))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST2(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(__VA_ARGS__)))
+#endif
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(...)\
+    CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LIST,__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG(_0) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG(_0, _1) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG(_1)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG(_0, _1, _2) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG(_1, _2)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG(_1, _2, _3)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10) INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(_0), INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10)
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, N, ...) N
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+    template<typename...> struct TypeList {};\
+    template<typename...Ts>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> TypeList<Ts...> { return {}; }\
+    template<template<typename...> class...> struct TemplateTypeList{};\
+    template<template<typename...> class...Cs>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> TemplateTypeList<Cs...> { return {}; }\
+    template<typename...>\
+    struct append;\
+    template<typename...>\
+    struct rewrap;\
+    template<template<typename...> class, typename...>\
+    struct create;\
+    template<template<typename...> class, typename>\
+    struct convert;\
+    \
+    template<typename T> \
+    struct append<T> { using type = T; };\
+    template< template<typename...> class L1, typename...E1, template<typename...> class L2, typename...E2, typename...Rest>\
+    struct append<L1<E1...>, L2<E2...>, Rest...> { using type = typename append<L1<E1...,E2...>, Rest...>::type; };\
+    template< template<typename...> class L1, typename...E1, typename...Rest>\
+    struct append<L1<E1...>, TypeList<mpl_::na>, Rest...> { using type = L1<E1...>; };\
+    \
+    template< template<typename...> class Container, template<typename...> class List, typename...elems>\
+    struct rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, List<elems...>> { using type = TypeList<Container<elems...>>; };\
+    template< template<typename...> class Container, template<typename...> class List, class...Elems, typename...Elements>\
+    struct rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, List<Elems...>, Elements...> { using type = typename append<TypeList<Container<Elems...>>, typename rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Container>, Elements...>::type>::type; };\
+    \
+    template<template <typename...> class Final, template< typename...> class...Containers, typename...Types>\
+    struct create<Final, TemplateTypeList<Containers...>, TypeList<Types...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>, typename rewrap<TemplateTypeList<Containers>, Types...>::type...>::type; };\
+    template<template <typename...> class Final, template <typename...> class List, typename...Ts>\
+    struct convert<Final, List<Ts...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>,TypeList<Ts>...>::type; };
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> struct Nttp{};\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> Nttp<__VA_ARGS__> { return {}; } \
+    template<template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...> struct NttpTemplateTypeList{};\
+    template<template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...Cs>\
+    constexpr auto get_wrapper() noexcept -> NttpTemplateTypeList<Cs...> { return {}; } \
+    \
+    template< template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class Container, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class List, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    struct rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, List<__VA_ARGS__>> { using type = TypeList<Container<__VA_ARGS__>>; };\
+    template< template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class Container, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class List, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature), typename...Elements>\
+    struct rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, List<__VA_ARGS__>, Elements...> { using type = typename append<TypeList<Container<__VA_ARGS__>>, typename rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Container>, Elements...>::type>::type; };\
+    template<template <typename...> class Final, template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> class...Containers, typename...Types>\
+    struct create<Final, NttpTemplateTypeList<Containers...>, TypeList<Types...>> { using type = typename append<Final<>, typename rewrap<NttpTemplateTypeList<Containers>, Types...>::type...>::type; };
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0(TestName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1(TestName, signature)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0(TestName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1(TestName, signature)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X(TestName, signature,...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    static void TestName()
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0(TestFunc, signature)\
+    template<typename Type>\
+    void reg_test(TypeList<Type>, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestFunc<Type>), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER(TestFunc, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    void reg_test(Nttp<__VA_ARGS__>, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestFunc<__VA_ARGS__>), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<typename Type>\
+    void reg_test(TypeList<Type>, Catch::StringRef className, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestName<Type>::test), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, className, nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)>\
+    void reg_test(Nttp<__VA_ARGS__>, Catch::StringRef className, Catch::NameAndTags nameAndTags)\
+    {\
+        Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker(&TestName<__VA_ARGS__>::test), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, className, nameAndTags);\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0(TestName, ClassName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1(TestName, ClassName, signature)\
+    template<typename TestType> \
+    struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName)<TestType> { \
+        void test();\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X(TestName, ClassName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> \
+    struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName)<__VA_ARGS__> { \
+        void test();\
+    }
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0(TestName)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1(TestName, signature)\
+    template<typename TestType> \
+    void INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName)::TestName<TestType>::test()
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X(TestName, signature, ...)\
+    template<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(signature)> \
+    void INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName)::TestName<__VA_ARGS__>::test()
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1(__VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__),INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1( __VA_ARGS__), INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, ClassName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0)(TestFunc, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG)(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0(signature)
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1,INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_1, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_0)( __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD0)(TestName, ClassName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER_METHOD0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0, INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REGISTER0)(TestFunc, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestName, ...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL( "dummy", __VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X,INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_X, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST1, INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST0)(TestName, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_GEN(...) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS(INTERNAL_CATCH_VA_NARGS_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_11_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_10_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_9_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_8_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_7_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_6_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_5_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_4_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_3_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_2_ARG,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS_1_ARG)(__VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_PREPROCESSOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+// GCC 5 and older do not properly handle disabling unused-variable warning
+// with a _Pragma. This means that we have to leak the suppression to the
+// user code as well :-(
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && __GNUC__ <= 5
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )  \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )    \
+        namespace{                                                                                  \
+            namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName) {                                      \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
+        }                                                                                           \
+        }                                                                                           \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+
+    #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #else
+        #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2(TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_GEN(TestFunc,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            template<typename...Types> \
+            struct TestName{\
+                TestName(){\
+                    size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, __VA_ARGS__)}; /* NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays) */\
+                    using expander = size_t[]; /* NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,modernize-avoid-c-arrays,hicpp-avoid-c-arrays) */\
+                    (void)expander{(reg_test(Types{}, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index]), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static const int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+            TestName<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(__VA_ARGS__)>();\
+            return 0;\
+        }();\
+        }\
+        }\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST(TestFunc,INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename TestType, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(TestName, TestFuncName, Name, Tags, Signature, TmplTypes, TypesList) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS                \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS       \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> static void TestFuncName();       \
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName) {                                     \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN                                                  \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))         \
+            template<typename... Types>                               \
+            struct TestName {                                         \
+                void reg_tests() {                                          \
+                    size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                    using expander = size_t[];                           \
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes))};\
+                    constexpr char const* types_list[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))};\
+                    constexpr auto num_types = sizeof(types_list) / sizeof(types_list[0]);\
+                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestFuncName<Types> ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index / num_types]) + '<' + std::string(types_list[index % num_types]) + '>', Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */\
+                }                                                     \
+            };                                                        \
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){ \
+                using TestInit = typename create<TestName, decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes)>()), TypeList<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))>>::type; \
+                TestInit t;                                           \
+                t.reg_tests();                                        \
+                return 0;                                             \
+            }();                                                      \
+        }                                                             \
+        }                                                             \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                       \
+        template<typename TestType>                                   \
+        static void TestFuncName()
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename T,__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG(Name, Tags, Signature, ...)\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_2(TestName, TestFunc, Name, Tags, TmplList)\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> static void TestFunc();       \
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+        template<typename... Types>                               \
+        struct TestName {                                         \
+            void reg_tests() {                                          \
+                size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                using expander = size_t[];                           \
+                (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestFunc<Types> ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, Catch::StringRef(), Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(TmplList) " - " + std::to_string(index), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */\
+            }                                                     \
+        };\
+        static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){ \
+                using TestInit = typename convert<TestName, TmplList>::type; \
+                TestInit t;                                           \
+                t.reg_tests();                                        \
+                return 0;                                             \
+            }();                                                      \
+        }}\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                       \
+        template<typename TestType>                                   \
+        static void TestFunc()
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(Name, Tags, TmplList) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), Name, Tags, TmplList )
+
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){ \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_DECLARE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, ClassName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature));\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_REG_METHOD_GEN(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            template<typename...Types> \
+            struct TestNameClass{\
+                TestNameClass(){\
+                    size_t index = 0;                                    \
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, __VA_ARGS__)};\
+                    using expander = size_t[];\
+                    (void)expander{(reg_test(Types{}, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index]), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+                TestNameClass<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(__VA_ARGS__)>();\
+                return 0;\
+        }();\
+        }\
+        }\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_DEFINE_SIG_TEST_METHOD(TestName, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags,... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... ) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_CLASS_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ) , ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2(TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, TmplTypes, TypesList)\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_ZERO_VARIADIC_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+            struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName <TestType>) { \
+                void test();\
+            };\
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestNameClass) {\
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN                  \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_NTTP_GEN(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(Signature))\
+            template<typename...Types>\
+            struct TestNameClass{\
+                void reg_tests(){\
+                    std::size_t index = 0;\
+                    using expander = std::size_t[];\
+                    constexpr char const* tmpl_types[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes))};\
+                    constexpr char const* types_list[] = {CATCH_REC_LIST(INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE_WITHOUT_PARENS, INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))};\
+                    constexpr auto num_types = sizeof(types_list) / sizeof(types_list[0]);\
+                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName<Types>::test ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #ClassName, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " + std::string(tmpl_types[index / num_types]) + '<' + std::string(types_list[index % num_types]) + '>', Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+                using TestInit = typename create<TestNameClass, decltype(get_wrapper<INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TmplTypes)>()), TypeList<INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_TYPE_LISTS_FROM_TYPES(INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(TypesList))>>::type;\
+                TestInit t;\
+                t.reg_tests();\
+                return 0;\
+            }(); \
+        }\
+        }\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+        void TestName<TestType>::test()
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( ClassName, Name, Tags, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, typename T,__VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, __VA_ARGS__ )
+#else
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature, ... )\
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, Signature,__VA_ARGS__ ) )
+#endif
+
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( TestNameClass, TestName, ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList) \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNINGS \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_COMMA_WARNINGS \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+        struct TestName : INTERNAL_CATCH_REMOVE_PARENS(ClassName <TestType>) { \
+            void test();\
+        };\
+        namespace {\
+        namespace INTERNAL_CATCH_MAKE_NAMESPACE(TestName){ \
+            INTERNAL_CATCH_TYPE_GEN\
+            template<typename...Types>\
+            struct TestNameClass{\
+                void reg_tests(){\
+                    size_t index = 0;\
+                    using expander = size_t[];\
+                    (void)expander{(Catch::AutoReg( Catch::makeTestInvoker( &TestName<Types>::test ), CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, #ClassName##_catch_sr, Catch::NameAndTags{ Name " - " INTERNAL_CATCH_STRINGIZE(TmplList) " - " + std::to_string(index), Tags } ), index++)... };/* NOLINT */ \
+                }\
+            };\
+            static int INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( globalRegistrar ) = [](){\
+                using TestInit = typename convert<TestNameClass, TmplList>::type;\
+                TestInit t;\
+                t.reg_tests();\
+                return 0;\
+            }(); \
+        }}\
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+        template<typename TestType> \
+        void TestName<TestType>::test()
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD(ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList) \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD_2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( CATCH2_INTERNAL_TEMPLATE_TEST_ ), ClassName, Name, Tags, TmplList )
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__)
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+  // When disabled, these can be shared between proper preprocessor and MSVC preprocessor
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_TRADITIONAL_MSVC_PREPROCESSOR
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__)
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #else
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(__VA_ARGS__) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+    #define TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) INTERNAL_CATCH_EXPAND_VARGS( INTERNAL_CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG_NO_REGISTRATION(className, __VA_ARGS__ ) )
+  #endif
+
+  // When disabled, these can be shared between proper preprocessor and MSVC preprocessor
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_SIG( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE( __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_PRODUCT_TEST_CASE_METHOD_SIG( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+  #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE( ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE(__VA_ARGS__)
+  #define TEMPLATE_LIST_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, ... ) TEMPLATE_TEST_CASE_METHOD( className, __VA_ARGS__ )
+
+#endif // end of user facing macro declarations
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEMPLATE_TEST_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * A **view** of a tag string that provides case insensitive comparisons
+     *
+     * Note that in Catch2 internals, the square brackets around tags are
+     * not a part of tag's representation, so e.g. "[cool-tag]" is represented
+     * as "cool-tag" internally.
+     */
+    struct Tag {
+        constexpr Tag(StringRef original_):
+            original(original_)
+        {}
+        StringRef original;
+
+        friend bool operator< ( Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs );
+        friend bool operator==( Tag const& lhs, Tag const& rhs );
+    };
+
+    class ITestInvoker;
+    struct NameAndTags;
+
+    enum class TestCaseProperties : uint8_t {
+        None = 0,
+        IsHidden = 1 << 1,
+        ShouldFail = 1 << 2,
+        MayFail = 1 << 3,
+        Throws = 1 << 4,
+        NonPortable = 1 << 5,
+        Benchmark = 1 << 6
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Various metadata about the test case.
+     *
+     * A test case is uniquely identified by its (class)name and tags
+     * combination, with source location being ignored, and other properties
+     * being determined from tags.
+     *
+     * Tags are kept sorted.
+     */
+    struct TestCaseInfo : Detail::NonCopyable {
+
+        TestCaseInfo(StringRef _className,
+                     NameAndTags const& _nameAndTags,
+                     SourceLineInfo const& _lineInfo);
+
+        bool isHidden() const;
+        bool throws() const;
+        bool okToFail() const;
+        bool expectedToFail() const;
+
+        // Adds the tag(s) with test's filename (for the -# flag)
+        void addFilenameTag();
+
+        //! Orders by name, classname and tags
+        friend bool operator<( TestCaseInfo const& lhs,
+                               TestCaseInfo const& rhs );
+
+
+        std::string tagsAsString() const;
+
+        std::string name;
+        StringRef className;
+    private:
+        std::string backingTags;
+        // Internally we copy tags to the backing storage and then add
+        // refs to this storage to the tags vector.
+        void internalAppendTag(StringRef tagString);
+    public:
+        std::vector<Tag> tags;
+        SourceLineInfo lineInfo;
+        TestCaseProperties properties = TestCaseProperties::None;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper over the test case information and the test case invoker
+     *
+     * Does not own either, and is specifically made to be cheap
+     * to copy around.
+     */
+    class TestCaseHandle {
+        TestCaseInfo* m_info;
+        ITestInvoker* m_invoker;
+    public:
+        constexpr TestCaseHandle(TestCaseInfo* info, ITestInvoker* invoker) :
+            m_info(info), m_invoker(invoker) {}
+
+        void prepareTestCase() const {
+            m_invoker->prepareTestCase();
+        }
+
+        void tearDownTestCase() const {
+            m_invoker->tearDownTestCase();
+        }
+
+        void invoke() const {
+            m_invoker->invoke();
+        }
+
+        constexpr TestCaseInfo const& getTestCaseInfo() const {
+            return *m_info;
+        }
+    };
+
+    Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>
+    makeTestCaseInfo( StringRef className,
+                      NameAndTags const& nameAndTags,
+                      SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+}
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    using exceptionTranslateFunction = std::string(*)();
+
+    class IExceptionTranslator;
+    using ExceptionTranslators = std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator const>>;
+
+    class IExceptionTranslator {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslator(); // = default
+        virtual std::string translate( ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator it, ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator itEnd ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    class IExceptionTranslatorRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslatorRegistry(); // = default
+        virtual std::string translateActiveException() const = 0;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        void registerTranslatorImpl(
+            Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator );
+    }
+
+    class ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar {
+        template<typename T>
+        class ExceptionTranslator : public IExceptionTranslator {
+        public:
+
+            constexpr ExceptionTranslator( std::string(*translateFunction)( T const& ) )
+            : m_translateFunction( translateFunction )
+            {}
+
+            std::string translate( ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator it, ExceptionTranslators::const_iterator itEnd ) const override {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+                try {
+                    if( it == itEnd )
+                        std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
+                    else
+                        return (*it)->translate( it+1, itEnd );
+                }
+                catch( T const& ex ) {
+                    return m_translateFunction( ex );
+                }
+#else
+                return "You should never get here!";
+#endif
+            }
+
+        protected:
+            std::string(*m_translateFunction)( T const& );
+        };
+
+    public:
+        template<typename T>
+        ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar( std::string(*translateFunction)( T const& ) ) {
+            Detail::registerTranslatorImpl(
+                Detail::make_unique<ExceptionTranslator<T>>(
+                    translateFunction ) );
+        }
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( translatorName, signature ) \
+    static std::string translatorName( signature ); \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS \
+    namespace{ Catch::ExceptionTranslatorRegistrar INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionRegistrar )( &translatorName ); } \
+    CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+    static std::string translatorName( signature )
+
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION2( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+    #define INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_NO_REG( translatorName, signature) \
+            static std::string translatorName( signature )
+#endif
+
+
+// This macro is always prefixed
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+#define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature )
+#else
+#define CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION( signature ) INTERNAL_CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_NO_REG( INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( catch_internal_ExceptionTranslator ), signature )
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TRANSLATE_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_VERSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_VERSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // Versioning information
+    struct Version {
+        Version( Version const& ) = delete;
+        Version& operator=( Version const& ) = delete;
+        Version(    unsigned int _majorVersion,
+                    unsigned int _minorVersion,
+                    unsigned int _patchNumber,
+                    char const * const _branchName,
+                    unsigned int _buildNumber );
+
+        unsigned int const majorVersion;
+        unsigned int const minorVersion;
+        unsigned int const patchNumber;
+
+        // buildNumber is only used if branchName is not null
+        char const * const branchName;
+        unsigned int const buildNumber;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, Version const& version );
+    };
+
+    Version const& libraryVersion();
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_VERSION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_VERSION_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_VERSION_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#define CATCH_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define CATCH_VERSION_MINOR 7
+#define CATCH_VERSION_PATCH 1
+
+#endif // CATCH_VERSION_MACROS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's Generator support. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to generators.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `generators` folder,
+ * or to the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATOR_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATOR_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // Exception type to be thrown when a Generator runs into an error,
+    // e.g. it cannot initialize the first return value based on
+    // runtime information
+    class GeneratorException : public std::exception {
+        const char* const m_msg = "";
+
+    public:
+        GeneratorException(const char* msg):
+            m_msg(msg)
+        {}
+
+        const char* what() const noexcept override final;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATOR_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_GENERATORTRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_GENERATORTRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Generators {
+        class GeneratorUntypedBase {
+            // Caches result from `toStringImpl`, assume that when it is an
+            // empty string, the cache is invalidated.
+            mutable std::string m_stringReprCache;
+
+            // Counts based on `next` returning true
+            std::size_t m_currentElementIndex = 0;
+
+            /**
+             * Attempts to move the generator to the next element
+             *
+             * Returns true iff the move succeeded (and a valid element
+             * can be retrieved).
+             */
+            virtual bool next() = 0;
+
+            //! Customization point for `currentElementAsString`
+            virtual std::string stringifyImpl() const = 0;
+
+        public:
+            GeneratorUntypedBase() = default;
+            // Generation of copy ops is deprecated (and Clang will complain)
+            // if there is a user destructor defined
+            GeneratorUntypedBase(GeneratorUntypedBase const&) = default;
+            GeneratorUntypedBase& operator=(GeneratorUntypedBase const&) = default;
+
+            virtual ~GeneratorUntypedBase(); // = default;
+
+            /**
+             * Attempts to move the generator to the next element
+             *
+             * Serves as a non-virtual interface to `next`, so that the
+             * top level interface can provide sanity checking and shared
+             * features.
+             *
+             * As with `next`, returns true iff the move succeeded and
+             * the generator has new valid element to provide.
+             */
+            bool countedNext();
+
+            std::size_t currentElementIndex() const { return m_currentElementIndex; }
+
+            /**
+             * Returns generator's current element as user-friendly string.
+             *
+             * By default returns string equivalent to calling
+             * `Catch::Detail::stringify` on the current element, but generators
+             * can customize their implementation as needed.
+             *
+             * Not thread-safe due to internal caching.
+             *
+             * The returned ref is valid only until the generator instance
+             * is destructed, or it moves onto the next element, whichever
+             * comes first.
+             */
+            StringRef currentElementAsString() const;
+        };
+        using GeneratorBasePtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<GeneratorUntypedBase>;
+
+    } // namespace Generators
+
+    class IGeneratorTracker {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IGeneratorTracker(); // = default;
+        virtual auto hasGenerator() const -> bool = 0;
+        virtual auto getGenerator() const -> Generators::GeneratorBasePtr const& = 0;
+        virtual void setGenerator( Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) = 0;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_GENERATORTRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+namespace Generators {
+
+namespace Detail {
+
+    //! Throws GeneratorException with the provided message
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_generator_exception(char const * msg);
+
+} // end namespace detail
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class IGenerator : public GeneratorUntypedBase {
+        std::string stringifyImpl() const override {
+            return ::Catch::Detail::stringify( get() );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        // Returns the current element of the generator
+        //
+        // \Precondition The generator is either freshly constructed,
+        // or the last call to `next()` returned true
+        virtual T const& get() const = 0;
+        using type = T;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using GeneratorPtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<IGenerator<T>>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class GeneratorWrapper final {
+        GeneratorPtr<T> m_generator;
+    public:
+        //! Takes ownership of the passed pointer.
+        GeneratorWrapper(IGenerator<T>* generator):
+            m_generator(generator) {}
+        GeneratorWrapper(GeneratorPtr<T> generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)) {}
+
+        T const& get() const {
+            return m_generator->get();
+        }
+        bool next() {
+            return m_generator->countedNext();
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class SingleValueGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        T m_value;
+    public:
+        SingleValueGenerator(T const& value) :
+            m_value(value)
+        {}
+        SingleValueGenerator(T&& value):
+            m_value(CATCH_MOVE(value))
+        {}
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_value;
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class FixedValuesGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
+            "FixedValuesGenerator does not support bools because of std::vector<bool>"
+            "specialization, use SingleValue Generator instead.");
+        std::vector<T> m_values;
+        size_t m_idx = 0;
+    public:
+        FixedValuesGenerator( std::initializer_list<T> values ) : m_values( values ) {}
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_values[m_idx];
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            ++m_idx;
+            return m_idx < m_values.size();
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T, typename DecayedT = std::decay_t<T>>
+    GeneratorWrapper<DecayedT> value( T&& value ) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<DecayedT>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<SingleValueGenerator<DecayedT>>(
+                CATCH_FORWARD( value ) ) );
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> values(std::initializer_list<T> values) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<FixedValuesGenerator<T>>(values));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class Generators : public IGenerator<T> {
+        std::vector<GeneratorWrapper<T>> m_generators;
+        size_t m_current = 0;
+
+        void add_generator( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator ) {
+            m_generators.emplace_back( CATCH_MOVE( generator ) );
+        }
+        void add_generator( T const& val ) {
+            m_generators.emplace_back( value( val ) );
+        }
+        void add_generator( T&& val ) {
+            m_generators.emplace_back( value( CATCH_MOVE( val ) ) );
+        }
+        template <typename U>
+        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::decay_t<U>, T>::value>
+        add_generator( U&& val ) {
+            add_generator( T( CATCH_FORWARD( val ) ) );
+        }
+
+        template <typename U> void add_generators( U&& valueOrGenerator ) {
+            add_generator( CATCH_FORWARD( valueOrGenerator ) );
+        }
+
+        template <typename U, typename... Gs>
+        void add_generators( U&& valueOrGenerator, Gs&&... moreGenerators ) {
+            add_generator( CATCH_FORWARD( valueOrGenerator ) );
+            add_generators( CATCH_FORWARD( moreGenerators )... );
+        }
+
+    public:
+        template <typename... Gs>
+        Generators(Gs &&... moreGenerators) {
+            m_generators.reserve(sizeof...(Gs));
+            add_generators(CATCH_FORWARD(moreGenerators)...);
+        }
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_generators[m_current].get();
+        }
+
+        bool next() override {
+            if (m_current >= m_generators.size()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            const bool current_status = m_generators[m_current].next();
+            if (!current_status) {
+                ++m_current;
+            }
+            return m_current < m_generators.size();
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    GeneratorWrapper<std::tuple<std::decay_t<Ts>...>>
+    table( std::initializer_list<std::tuple<std::decay_t<Ts>...>> tuples ) {
+        return values<std::tuple<Ts...>>( tuples );
+    }
+
+    // Tag type to signal that a generator sequence should convert arguments to a specific type
+    template <typename T>
+    struct as {};
+
+    template<typename T, typename... Gs>
+    auto makeGenerators( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<T> {
+        return Generators<T>(CATCH_MOVE(generator), CATCH_FORWARD(moreGenerators)...);
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    auto makeGenerators( GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator ) -> Generators<T> {
+        return Generators<T>(CATCH_MOVE(generator));
+    }
+    template<typename T, typename... Gs>
+    auto makeGenerators( T&& val, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<std::decay_t<T>> {
+        return makeGenerators( value( CATCH_FORWARD( val ) ), CATCH_FORWARD( moreGenerators )... );
+    }
+    template<typename T, typename U, typename... Gs>
+    auto makeGenerators( as<T>, U&& val, Gs &&... moreGenerators ) -> Generators<T> {
+        return makeGenerators( value( T( CATCH_FORWARD( val ) ) ), CATCH_FORWARD( moreGenerators )... );
+    }
+
+    IGeneratorTracker* acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                                SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+    IGeneratorTracker* createGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                               SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+                                               GeneratorBasePtr&& generator );
+
+    template<typename L>
+    auto generate( StringRef generatorName, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo, L const& generatorExpression ) -> typename decltype(generatorExpression())::type {
+        using UnderlyingType = typename decltype(generatorExpression())::type;
+
+        IGeneratorTracker* tracker = acquireGeneratorTracker( generatorName, lineInfo );
+        // Creation of tracker is delayed after generator creation, so
+        // that constructing generator can fail without breaking everything.
+        if (!tracker) {
+            tracker = createGeneratorTracker(
+                generatorName,
+                lineInfo,
+                Catch::Detail::make_unique<Generators<UnderlyingType>>(
+                    generatorExpression() ) );
+        }
+
+        auto const& generator = static_cast<IGenerator<UnderlyingType> const&>( *tracker->getGenerator() );
+        return generator.get();
+    }
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE_IMPL( ... ) #__VA_ARGS__##_catch_sr
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(...) CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define GENERATE( ... ) \
+    Catch::Generators::generate( CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
+                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
+                                 [ ]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
+#define GENERATE_COPY( ... ) \
+    Catch::Generators::generate( CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
+                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
+                                 [=]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
+#define GENERATE_REF( ... ) \
+    Catch::Generators::generate( CATCH_INTERNAL_GENERATOR_STRINGIZE(INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME(generator)), \
+                                 CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, \
+                                 [&]{ using namespace Catch::Generators; return makeGenerators( __VA_ARGS__ ); } ) //NOLINT(google-build-using-namespace)
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_ADAPTERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_ADAPTERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Generators {
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class TakeGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        size_t m_returned = 0;
+        size_t m_target;
+    public:
+        TakeGenerator(size_t target, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_target(target)
+        {
+            assert(target != 0 && "Empty generators are not allowed");
+        }
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_generator.get();
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            ++m_returned;
+            if (m_returned >= m_target) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            const auto success = m_generator.next();
+            // If the underlying generator does not contain enough values
+            // then we cut short as well
+            if (!success) {
+                m_returned = m_target;
+            }
+            return success;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> take(size_t target, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<TakeGenerator<T>>(target, CATCH_MOVE(generator)));
+    }
+
+
+    template <typename T, typename Predicate>
+    class FilterGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        Predicate m_predicate;
+    public:
+        template <typename P = Predicate>
+        FilterGenerator(P&& pred, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_predicate(CATCH_FORWARD(pred))
+        {
+            if (!m_predicate(m_generator.get())) {
+                // It might happen that there are no values that pass the
+                // filter. In that case we throw an exception.
+                auto has_initial_value = next();
+                if (!has_initial_value) {
+                    Detail::throw_generator_exception("No valid value found in filtered generator");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_generator.get();
+        }
+
+        bool next() override {
+            bool success = m_generator.next();
+            if (!success) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            while (!m_predicate(m_generator.get()) && (success = m_generator.next()) == true);
+            return success;
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template <typename T, typename Predicate>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> filter(Predicate&& pred, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<FilterGenerator<T, Predicate>>(CATCH_FORWARD(pred), CATCH_MOVE(generator)));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class RepeatGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
+            "RepeatGenerator currently does not support bools"
+            "because of std::vector<bool> specialization");
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        mutable std::vector<T> m_returned;
+        size_t m_target_repeats;
+        size_t m_current_repeat = 0;
+        size_t m_repeat_index = 0;
+    public:
+        RepeatGenerator(size_t repeats, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator):
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_target_repeats(repeats)
+        {
+            assert(m_target_repeats > 0 && "Repeat generator must repeat at least once");
+        }
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            if (m_current_repeat == 0) {
+                m_returned.push_back(m_generator.get());
+                return m_returned.back();
+            }
+            return m_returned[m_repeat_index];
+        }
+
+        bool next() override {
+            // There are 2 basic cases:
+            // 1) We are still reading the generator
+            // 2) We are reading our own cache
+
+            // In the first case, we need to poke the underlying generator.
+            // If it happily moves, we are left in that state, otherwise it is time to start reading from our cache
+            if (m_current_repeat == 0) {
+                const auto success = m_generator.next();
+                if (!success) {
+                    ++m_current_repeat;
+                }
+                return m_current_repeat < m_target_repeats;
+            }
+
+            // In the second case, we need to move indices forward and check that we haven't run up against the end
+            ++m_repeat_index;
+            if (m_repeat_index == m_returned.size()) {
+                m_repeat_index = 0;
+                ++m_current_repeat;
+            }
+            return m_current_repeat < m_target_repeats;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> repeat(size_t repeats, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<RepeatGenerator<T>>(repeats, CATCH_MOVE(generator)));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename U, typename Func>
+    class MapGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+        // TBD: provide static assert for mapping function, for friendly error message
+        GeneratorWrapper<U> m_generator;
+        Func m_function;
+        // To avoid returning dangling reference, we have to save the values
+        T m_cache;
+    public:
+        template <typename F2 = Func>
+        MapGenerator(F2&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) :
+            m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator)),
+            m_function(CATCH_FORWARD(function)),
+            m_cache(m_function(m_generator.get()))
+        {}
+
+        T const& get() const override {
+            return m_cache;
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            const auto success = m_generator.next();
+            if (success) {
+                m_cache = m_function(m_generator.get());
+            }
+            return success;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename Func, typename U, typename T = FunctionReturnType<Func, U>>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> map(Func&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<MapGenerator<T, U, Func>>(CATCH_FORWARD(function), CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename U, typename Func>
+    GeneratorWrapper<T> map(Func&& function, GeneratorWrapper<U>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<MapGenerator<T, U, Func>>(CATCH_FORWARD(function), CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        );
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ChunkGenerator final : public IGenerator<std::vector<T>> {
+        std::vector<T> m_chunk;
+        size_t m_chunk_size;
+        GeneratorWrapper<T> m_generator;
+        bool m_used_up = false;
+    public:
+        ChunkGenerator(size_t size, GeneratorWrapper<T> generator) :
+            m_chunk_size(size), m_generator(CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        {
+            m_chunk.reserve(m_chunk_size);
+            if (m_chunk_size != 0) {
+                m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
+                for (size_t i = 1; i < m_chunk_size; ++i) {
+                    if (!m_generator.next()) {
+                        Detail::throw_generator_exception("Not enough values to initialize the first chunk");
+                    }
+                    m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        std::vector<T> const& get() const override {
+            return m_chunk;
+        }
+        bool next() override {
+            m_chunk.clear();
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < m_chunk_size; ++idx) {
+                if (!m_generator.next()) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                m_chunk.push_back(m_generator.get());
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    GeneratorWrapper<std::vector<T>> chunk(size_t size, GeneratorWrapper<T>&& generator) {
+        return GeneratorWrapper<std::vector<T>>(
+            Catch::Detail::make_unique<ChunkGenerator<T>>(size, CATCH_MOVE(generator))
+        );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_ADAPTERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_RANDOM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_RANDOM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    // This is a simple implementation of C++11 Uniform Random Number
+    // Generator. It does not provide all operators, because Catch2
+    // does not use it, but it should behave as expected inside stdlib's
+    // distributions.
+    // The implementation is based on the PCG family (http://pcg-random.org)
+    class SimplePcg32 {
+        using state_type = std::uint64_t;
+    public:
+        using result_type = std::uint32_t;
+        static constexpr result_type (min)() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        static constexpr result_type (max)() {
+            return static_cast<result_type>(-1);
+        }
+
+        // Provide some default initial state for the default constructor
+        SimplePcg32():SimplePcg32(0xed743cc4U) {}
+
+        explicit SimplePcg32(result_type seed_);
+
+        void seed(result_type seed_);
+        void discard(uint64_t skip);
+
+        result_type operator()();
+
+    private:
+        friend bool operator==(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs);
+        friend bool operator!=(SimplePcg32 const& lhs, SimplePcg32 const& rhs);
+
+        // In theory we also need operator<< and operator>>
+        // In practice we do not use them, so we will skip them for now
+
+
+        std::uint64_t m_state;
+        // This part of the state determines which "stream" of the numbers
+        // is chosen -- we take it as a constant for Catch2, so we only
+        // need to deal with seeding the main state.
+        // Picked by reading 8 bytes from `/dev/random` :-)
+        static const std::uint64_t s_inc = (0x13ed0cc53f939476ULL << 1ULL) | 1ULL;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_NUMBER_GENERATOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIFORM_INTEGER_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIFORM_INTEGER_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_INTEGER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_INTEGER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+// Note: We use the usual enable-disable-autodetect dance here even though
+//       we do not support these in CMake configuration options (yet?).
+//       It is highly unlikely that we will need to make these actually
+//       user-configurable, but this will make it simpler if weend up needing
+//       it, and it provides an escape hatch to the users who need it.
+#if defined( __SIZEOF_INT128__ )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_UINT128
+// Unlike GCC, MSVC does not polyfill umul as mulh + mul pair on ARM machines.
+// Currently we do not bother doing this ourselves, but we could if it became
+// important for perf.
+#elif defined( _MSC_VER ) && defined( _M_X64 )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_MSVC_UMUL128
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_UINT128 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_UINT128 ) &&      \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_UINT128 )
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_UINT128
+#endif
+
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_INTERNAL_MSVC_UMUL128 ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_MSVC_UMUL128 ) &&      \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_MSVC_UMUL128 )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_MSVC_UMUL128
+#    include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <std::size_t>
+        struct SizedUnsignedType;
+#define SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( TYPE )        \
+    template <>                                \
+    struct SizedUnsignedType<sizeof( TYPE )> { \
+        using type = TYPE;                     \
+    }
+
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint8_t );
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint16_t );
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint32_t );
+        SizedUnsignedTypeHelper( std::uint64_t );
+#undef SizedUnsignedTypeHelper
+
+        template <std::size_t sz>
+        using SizedUnsignedType_t = typename SizedUnsignedType<sz>::type;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using DoubleWidthUnsignedType_t = SizedUnsignedType_t<2 * sizeof( T )>;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct ExtendedMultResult {
+            T upper;
+            T lower;
+            constexpr bool operator==( ExtendedMultResult const& rhs ) const {
+                return upper == rhs.upper && lower == rhs.lower;
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Returns 128 bit result of lhs * rhs using portable C++ code
+         *
+         * This implementation is almost twice as fast as naive long multiplication,
+         * and unlike intrinsic-based approach, it supports constexpr evaluation.
+         */
+        constexpr ExtendedMultResult<std::uint64_t>
+        extendedMultPortable(std::uint64_t lhs, std::uint64_t rhs) {
+#define CarryBits( x ) ( x >> 32 )
+#define Digits( x ) ( x & 0xFF'FF'FF'FF )
+            std::uint64_t lhs_low = Digits( lhs );
+            std::uint64_t rhs_low = Digits( rhs );
+            std::uint64_t low_low = ( lhs_low * rhs_low );
+            std::uint64_t high_high = CarryBits( lhs ) * CarryBits( rhs );
+
+            // We add in carry bits from low-low already
+            std::uint64_t high_low =
+                ( CarryBits( lhs ) * rhs_low ) + CarryBits( low_low );
+            // Note that we can add only low bits from high_low, to avoid
+            // overflow with large inputs
+            std::uint64_t low_high =
+                ( lhs_low * CarryBits( rhs ) ) + Digits( high_low );
+
+            return { high_high + CarryBits( high_low ) + CarryBits( low_high ),
+                     ( low_high << 32 ) | Digits( low_low ) };
+#undef CarryBits
+#undef Digits
+        }
+
+        //! Returns 128 bit result of lhs * rhs
+        inline ExtendedMultResult<std::uint64_t>
+        extendedMult( std::uint64_t lhs, std::uint64_t rhs ) {
+#if defined( CATCH_CONFIG_UINT128 )
+            auto result = __uint128_t( lhs ) * __uint128_t( rhs );
+            return { static_cast<std::uint64_t>( result >> 64 ),
+                     static_cast<std::uint64_t>( result ) };
+#elif defined( CATCH_CONFIG_MSVC_UMUL128 )
+            std::uint64_t high;
+            std::uint64_t low = _umul128( lhs, rhs, &high );
+            return { high, low };
+#else
+            return extendedMultPortable( lhs, rhs );
+#endif
+        }
+
+
+        template <typename UInt>
+        constexpr ExtendedMultResult<UInt> extendedMult( UInt lhs, UInt rhs ) {
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<UInt>::value,
+                           "extendedMult can only handle unsigned integers" );
+            static_assert( sizeof( UInt ) < sizeof( std::uint64_t ),
+                           "Generic extendedMult can only handle types smaller "
+                           "than uint64_t" );
+            using WideType = DoubleWidthUnsignedType_t<UInt>;
+
+            auto result = WideType( lhs ) * WideType( rhs );
+            return {
+                static_cast<UInt>( result >> ( CHAR_BIT * sizeof( UInt ) ) ),
+                static_cast<UInt>( result & UInt( -1 ) ) };
+        }
+
+
+        template <typename TargetType,
+                  typename Generator>
+            std::enable_if_t<sizeof(typename Generator::result_type) >= sizeof(TargetType),
+            TargetType> fillBitsFrom(Generator& gen) {
+            using gresult_type = typename Generator::result_type;
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<TargetType>::value, "Only unsigned integers are supported" );
+            static_assert( Generator::min() == 0 &&
+                           Generator::max() == static_cast<gresult_type>( -1 ),
+                           "Generator must be able to output all numbers in its result type (effectively it must be a random bit generator)" );
+
+            // We want to return the top bits from a generator, as they are
+            // usually considered higher quality.
+            constexpr auto generated_bits = sizeof( gresult_type ) * CHAR_BIT;
+            constexpr auto return_bits = sizeof( TargetType ) * CHAR_BIT;
+
+            return static_cast<TargetType>( gen() >>
+                                            ( generated_bits - return_bits) );
+        }
+
+        template <typename TargetType,
+                  typename Generator>
+            std::enable_if_t<sizeof(typename Generator::result_type) < sizeof(TargetType),
+            TargetType> fillBitsFrom(Generator& gen) {
+            using gresult_type = typename Generator::result_type;
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<TargetType>::value,
+                           "Only unsigned integers are supported" );
+            static_assert( Generator::min() == 0 &&
+                           Generator::max() == static_cast<gresult_type>( -1 ),
+                           "Generator must be able to output all numbers in its result type (effectively it must be a random bit generator)" );
+
+            constexpr auto generated_bits = sizeof( gresult_type ) * CHAR_BIT;
+            constexpr auto return_bits = sizeof( TargetType ) * CHAR_BIT;
+            std::size_t filled_bits = 0;
+            TargetType ret = 0;
+            do {
+                ret <<= generated_bits;
+                ret |= gen();
+                filled_bits += generated_bits;
+            } while ( filled_bits < return_bits );
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Transposes numbers into unsigned type while keeping their ordering
+         *
+         * This means that signed types are changed so that the ordering is
+         * [INT_MIN, ..., -1, 0, ..., INT_MAX], rather than order we would
+         * get by simple casting ([0, ..., INT_MAX, INT_MIN, ..., -1])
+         */
+        template <typename OriginalType, typename UnsignedType>
+        constexpr
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_signed<OriginalType>::value, UnsignedType>
+        transposeToNaturalOrder( UnsignedType in ) {
+            static_assert(
+                sizeof( OriginalType ) == sizeof( UnsignedType ),
+                "reordering requires the same sized types on both sides" );
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<UnsignedType>::value,
+                           "Input type must be unsigned" );
+            // Assuming 2s complement (standardized in current C++), the
+            // positive and negative numbers are already internally ordered,
+            // and their difference is in the top bit. Swapping it orders
+            // them the desired way.
+            constexpr auto highest_bit =
+                UnsignedType( 1 ) << ( sizeof( UnsignedType ) * CHAR_BIT - 1 );
+            return static_cast<UnsignedType>( in ^ highest_bit );
+        }
+
+
+
+        template <typename OriginalType,
+                  typename UnsignedType>
+        constexpr
+        std::enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<OriginalType>::value, UnsignedType>
+            transposeToNaturalOrder(UnsignedType in) {
+            static_assert(
+                sizeof( OriginalType ) == sizeof( UnsignedType ),
+                "reordering requires the same sized types on both sides" );
+            static_assert( std::is_unsigned<UnsignedType>::value, "Input type must be unsigned" );
+            // No reordering is needed for unsigned -> unsigned
+            return in;
+        }
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_INTEGER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of uniform distribution on integers.
+ *
+ * Unlike `std::uniform_int_distribution`, this implementation supports
+ * various 1 byte integral types, including bool (but you should not
+ * actually use it for bools).
+ *
+ * The underlying algorithm is based on the one described in "Fast Random
+ * Integer Generation in an Interval" by Daniel Lemire, but has been
+ * optimized under the assumption of reuse of the same distribution object.
+ */
+template <typename IntegerType>
+class uniform_integer_distribution {
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<IntegerType>::value, "...");
+
+    using UnsignedIntegerType = Detail::SizedUnsignedType_t<sizeof(IntegerType)>;
+
+    // Only the left bound is stored, and we store it converted to its
+    // unsigned image. This avoids having to do the conversions inside
+    // the operator(), at the cost of having to do the conversion in
+    // the a() getter. The right bound is only needed in the b() getter,
+    // so we recompute it there from other stored data.
+    UnsignedIntegerType m_a;
+
+    // How many different values are there in [a, b]. a == b => 1, can be 0 for distribution over all values in the type.
+    UnsignedIntegerType m_ab_distance;
+
+    // We hoisted this out of the main generation function. Technically,
+    // this means that using this distribution will be slower than Lemire's
+    // algorithm if this distribution instance will be used only few times,
+    // but it will be faster if it is used many times. Since Catch2 uses
+    // distributions only to implement random generators, we assume that each
+    // distribution will be reused many times and this is an optimization.
+    UnsignedIntegerType m_rejection_threshold = 0;
+
+    static constexpr UnsignedIntegerType computeDistance(IntegerType a, IntegerType b) {
+        // This overflows and returns 0 if a == 0 and b == TYPE_MAX.
+        // We handle that later when generating the number.
+        return transposeTo(b) - transposeTo(a) + 1;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr UnsignedIntegerType computeRejectionThreshold(UnsignedIntegerType ab_distance) {
+        // distance == 0 means that we will return all possible values from
+        // the type's range, and that we shouldn't reject anything.
+        if ( ab_distance == 0 ) { return 0; }
+        return ( ~ab_distance + 1 ) % ab_distance;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr UnsignedIntegerType transposeTo(IntegerType in) {
+        return Detail::transposeToNaturalOrder<IntegerType>(
+            static_cast<UnsignedIntegerType>( in ) );
+    }
+    static constexpr IntegerType transposeBack(UnsignedIntegerType in) {
+        return static_cast<IntegerType>(
+            Detail::transposeToNaturalOrder<IntegerType>(in) );
+    }
+
+public:
+    using result_type = IntegerType;
+
+    constexpr uniform_integer_distribution( IntegerType a, IntegerType b ):
+        m_a( transposeTo(a) ),
+        m_ab_distance( computeDistance(a, b) ),
+        m_rejection_threshold( computeRejectionThreshold(m_ab_distance) ) {
+        assert( a <= b );
+    }
+
+    template <typename Generator>
+    constexpr result_type operator()( Generator& g ) {
+        // All possible values of result_type are valid.
+        if ( m_ab_distance == 0 ) {
+            return transposeBack( Detail::fillBitsFrom<UnsignedIntegerType>( g ) );
+        }
+
+        auto random_number = Detail::fillBitsFrom<UnsignedIntegerType>( g );
+        auto emul = Detail::extendedMult( random_number, m_ab_distance );
+        // Unlike Lemire's algorithm we skip the ab_distance check, since
+        // we precomputed the rejection threshold, which is always tighter.
+        while (emul.lower < m_rejection_threshold) {
+            random_number = Detail::fillBitsFrom<UnsignedIntegerType>( g );
+            emul = Detail::extendedMult( random_number, m_ab_distance );
+        }
+
+        return transposeBack(m_a + emul.upper);
+    }
+
+    constexpr result_type a() const { return transposeBack(m_a); }
+    constexpr result_type b() const { return transposeBack(m_ab_distance + m_a - 1); }
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIFORM_INTEGER_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNIFORM_FLOATING_POINT_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNIFORM_FLOATING_POINT_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RANDOM_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RANDOM_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_POLYFILLS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_POLYFILLS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool isnan(float f);
+    bool isnan(double d);
+
+    float nextafter(float x, float y);
+    double nextafter(double x, double y);
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_POLYFILLS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        /**
+         * Returns the largest magnitude of 1-ULP distance inside the [a, b] range.
+         *
+         * Assumes `a < b`.
+         */
+        template <typename FloatType>
+        FloatType gamma(FloatType a, FloatType b) {
+            static_assert( std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value,
+                           "gamma returns the largest ULP magnitude within "
+                           "floating point range [a, b]. This only makes sense "
+                           "for floating point types" );
+            assert( a <= b );
+
+            const auto gamma_up = Catch::nextafter( a, std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::infinity() ) - a;
+            const auto gamma_down = b - Catch::nextafter( b, -std::numeric_limits<FloatType>::infinity() );
+
+            return gamma_up < gamma_down ? gamma_down : gamma_up;
+        }
+
+        template <typename FloatingPoint>
+        struct DistanceTypePicker;
+        template <>
+        struct DistanceTypePicker<float> {
+            using type = std::uint32_t;
+        };
+        template <>
+        struct DistanceTypePicker<double> {
+            using type = std::uint64_t;
+        };
+
+        template <typename T>
+        using DistanceType = typename DistanceTypePicker<T>::type;
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        /**
+         * Computes the number of equi-distant floats in [a, b]
+         *
+         * Since not every range can be split into equidistant floats
+         * exactly, we actually compute ceil(b/distance - a/distance),
+         * because in those cases we want to overcount.
+         *
+         * Uses modified Dekker's FastTwoSum algorithm to handle rounding.
+         */
+        template <typename FloatType>
+        DistanceType<FloatType>
+        count_equidistant_floats( FloatType a, FloatType b, FloatType distance ) {
+            assert( a <= b );
+            // We get distance as gamma for our uniform float distribution,
+            // so this will round perfectly.
+            const auto ag = a / distance;
+            const auto bg = b / distance;
+
+            const auto s = bg - ag;
+            const auto err = ( std::fabs( a ) <= std::fabs( b ) )
+                                 ? -ag - ( s - bg )
+                                 : bg - ( s + ag );
+            const auto ceil_s = static_cast<DistanceType<FloatType>>( std::ceil( s ) );
+
+            return ( ceil_s != s ) ? ceil_s : ceil_s + ( err > 0 );
+        }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+    }
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RANDOM_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+        // The issue with overflow only happens with maximal ULP and HUGE
+        // distance, e.g. when generating numbers in [-inf, inf] for given
+        // type. So we only check for the largest possible ULP in the
+        // type, and return something that does not overflow to inf in 1 mult.
+        constexpr std::uint64_t calculate_max_steps_in_one_go(double gamma) {
+            if ( gamma == 1.99584030953472e+292 ) { return 9007199254740991; }
+            return static_cast<std::uint64_t>( -1 );
+        }
+        constexpr std::uint32_t calculate_max_steps_in_one_go(float gamma) {
+            if ( gamma == 2.028241e+31f ) { return 16777215; }
+            return static_cast<std::uint32_t>( -1 );
+        }
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+    }
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of uniform distribution on floating point numbers.
+ *
+ * Note that we support only `float` and `double` types, because these
+ * usually mean the same thing across different platform. `long double`
+ * varies wildly by platform and thus we cannot provide reproducible
+ * implementation. Also note that we don't implement all parts of
+ * distribution per standard: this distribution is not serializable, nor
+ * can the range be arbitrarily reset.
+ *
+ * The implementation also uses different approach than the one taken by
+ * `std::uniform_real_distribution`, where instead of generating a number
+ * between [0, 1) and then multiplying the range bounds with it, we first
+ * split the [a, b] range into a set of equidistributed floating point
+ * numbers, and then use uniform int distribution to pick which one to
+ * return.
+ *
+ * This has the advantage of guaranteeing uniformity (the multiplication
+ * method loses uniformity due to rounding when multiplying floats), except
+ * for small non-uniformity at one side of the interval, where we have
+ * to deal with the fact that not every interval is splittable into
+ * equidistributed floats.
+ *
+ * Based on "Drawing random floating-point numbers from an interval" by
+ * Frederic Goualard.
+ */
+template <typename FloatType>
+class uniform_floating_point_distribution {
+    static_assert(std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value, "...");
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<FloatType, long double>::value,
+                  "We do not support long double due to inconsistent behaviour between platforms");
+
+    using WidthType = Detail::DistanceType<FloatType>;
+
+    FloatType m_a, m_b;
+    FloatType m_ulp_magnitude;
+    WidthType m_floats_in_range;
+    uniform_integer_distribution<WidthType> m_int_dist;
+
+    // In specific cases, we can overflow into `inf` when computing the
+    // `steps * g` offset. To avoid this, we don't offset by more than this
+    // in one multiply + addition.
+    WidthType m_max_steps_in_one_go;
+    // We don't want to do the magnitude check every call to `operator()`
+    bool m_a_has_leq_magnitude;
+
+public:
+    using result_type = FloatType;
+
+    uniform_floating_point_distribution( FloatType a, FloatType b ):
+        m_a( a ),
+        m_b( b ),
+        m_ulp_magnitude( Detail::gamma( m_a, m_b ) ),
+        m_floats_in_range( Detail::count_equidistant_floats( m_a, m_b, m_ulp_magnitude ) ),
+        m_int_dist(0, m_floats_in_range),
+        m_max_steps_in_one_go( Detail::calculate_max_steps_in_one_go(m_ulp_magnitude)),
+        m_a_has_leq_magnitude(std::fabs(m_a) <= std::fabs(m_b))
+    {
+        assert( a <= b );
+    }
+
+    template <typename Generator>
+    result_type operator()( Generator& g ) {
+        WidthType steps = m_int_dist( g );
+        if ( m_a_has_leq_magnitude ) {
+            if ( steps == m_floats_in_range ) { return m_a; }
+            auto b = m_b;
+            while (steps > m_max_steps_in_one_go) {
+                b -= m_max_steps_in_one_go * m_ulp_magnitude;
+                steps -= m_max_steps_in_one_go;
+            }
+            return b - steps * m_ulp_magnitude;
+        } else {
+            if ( steps == m_floats_in_range ) { return m_b; }
+            auto a = m_a;
+            while (steps > m_max_steps_in_one_go) {
+                a += m_max_steps_in_one_go * m_ulp_magnitude;
+                steps -= m_max_steps_in_one_go;
+            }
+            return a + steps * m_ulp_magnitude;
+        }
+    }
+
+    result_type a() const { return m_a; }
+    result_type b() const { return m_b; }
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNIFORM_FLOATING_POINT_DISTRIBUTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Generators {
+namespace Detail {
+    // Returns a suitable seed for a random floating generator based off
+    // the primary internal rng. It does so by taking current value from
+    // the rng and returning it as the seed.
+    std::uint32_t getSeed();
+}
+
+template <typename Float>
+class RandomFloatingGenerator final : public IGenerator<Float> {
+    Catch::SimplePcg32 m_rng;
+    Catch::uniform_floating_point_distribution<Float> m_dist;
+    Float m_current_number;
+public:
+    RandomFloatingGenerator( Float a, Float b, std::uint32_t seed ):
+        m_rng(seed),
+        m_dist(a, b) {
+        static_cast<void>(next());
+    }
+
+    Float const& get() const override {
+        return m_current_number;
+    }
+    bool next() override {
+        m_current_number = m_dist(m_rng);
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+class RandomFloatingGenerator<long double> final : public IGenerator<long double> {
+    // We still rely on <random> for this specialization, but we don't
+    // want to drag it into the header.
+    struct PImpl;
+    Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<PImpl> m_pimpl;
+    long double m_current_number;
+
+public:
+    RandomFloatingGenerator( long double a, long double b, std::uint32_t seed );
+
+    long double const& get() const override { return m_current_number; }
+    bool next() override;
+
+    ~RandomFloatingGenerator() override; // = default
+};
+
+template <typename Integer>
+class RandomIntegerGenerator final : public IGenerator<Integer> {
+    Catch::SimplePcg32 m_rng;
+    Catch::uniform_integer_distribution<Integer> m_dist;
+    Integer m_current_number;
+public:
+    RandomIntegerGenerator( Integer a, Integer b, std::uint32_t seed ):
+        m_rng(seed),
+        m_dist(a, b) {
+        static_cast<void>(next());
+    }
+
+    Integer const& get() const override {
+        return m_current_number;
+    }
+    bool next() override {
+        m_current_number = m_dist(m_rng);
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value, GeneratorWrapper<T>>
+random(T a, T b) {
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+        Catch::Detail::make_unique<RandomIntegerGenerator<T>>(a, b, Detail::getSeed())
+    );
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+std::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value,
+GeneratorWrapper<T>>
+random(T a, T b) {
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(
+        Catch::Detail::make_unique<RandomFloatingGenerator<T>>(a, b, Detail::getSeed())
+    );
+}
+
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_RANDOM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GENERATORS_RANGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GENERATORS_RANGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Generators {
+
+
+template <typename T>
+class RangeGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+    T m_current;
+    T m_end;
+    T m_step;
+    bool m_positive;
+
+public:
+    RangeGenerator(T const& start, T const& end, T const& step):
+        m_current(start),
+        m_end(end),
+        m_step(step),
+        m_positive(m_step > T(0))
+    {
+        assert(m_current != m_end && "Range start and end cannot be equal");
+        assert(m_step != T(0) && "Step size cannot be zero");
+        assert(((m_positive && m_current <= m_end) || (!m_positive && m_current >= m_end)) && "Step moves away from end");
+    }
+
+    RangeGenerator(T const& start, T const& end):
+        RangeGenerator(start, end, (start < end) ? T(1) : T(-1))
+    {}
+
+    T const& get() const override {
+        return m_current;
+    }
+
+    bool next() override {
+        m_current += m_step;
+        return (m_positive) ? (m_current < m_end) : (m_current > m_end);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+GeneratorWrapper<T> range(T const& start, T const& end, T const& step) {
+    static_assert(std::is_arithmetic<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value, "Type must be numeric");
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<RangeGenerator<T>>(start, end, step));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+GeneratorWrapper<T> range(T const& start, T const& end) {
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value, "Type must be an integer");
+    return GeneratorWrapper<T>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<RangeGenerator<T>>(start, end));
+}
+
+
+template <typename T>
+class IteratorGenerator final : public IGenerator<T> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<T, bool>::value,
+        "IteratorGenerator currently does not support bools"
+        "because of std::vector<bool> specialization");
+
+    std::vector<T> m_elems;
+    size_t m_current = 0;
+public:
+    template <typename InputIterator, typename InputSentinel>
+    IteratorGenerator(InputIterator first, InputSentinel last):m_elems(first, last) {
+        if (m_elems.empty()) {
+            Detail::throw_generator_exception("IteratorGenerator received no valid values");
+        }
+    }
+
+    T const& get() const override {
+        return m_elems[m_current];
+    }
+
+    bool next() override {
+        ++m_current;
+        return m_current != m_elems.size();
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename InputIterator,
+          typename InputSentinel,
+          typename ResultType = typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::value_type>
+GeneratorWrapper<ResultType> from_range(InputIterator from, InputSentinel to) {
+    return GeneratorWrapper<ResultType>(Catch::Detail::make_unique<IteratorGenerator<ResultType>>(from, to));
+}
+
+template <typename Container>
+auto from_range(Container const& cnt) {
+    using std::begin;
+    using std::end;
+    return from_range( begin( cnt ), end( cnt ) );
+}
+
+
+} // namespace Generators
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_RANGE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_GENERATORS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's interfaces. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to interfaces.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of somewhat increased compilation
+ * times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `interfaces` folder, or to
+ * the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_RUN_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_RUN_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TestRunInfo {
+        constexpr TestRunInfo(StringRef _name) : name(_name) {}
+        StringRef name;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_RUN_INFO_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ReporterDescription;
+    struct ListenerDescription;
+    struct TagInfo;
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class IConfig;
+    class IStream;
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t;
+
+    struct ReporterConfig {
+        ReporterConfig( IConfig const* _fullConfig,
+                        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> _stream,
+                        ColourMode colourMode,
+                        std::map<std::string, std::string> customOptions );
+
+        ReporterConfig( ReporterConfig&& ) = default;
+        ReporterConfig& operator=( ReporterConfig&& ) = default;
+        ~ReporterConfig(); // = default
+
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> takeStream() &&;
+        IConfig const* fullConfig() const;
+        ColourMode colourMode() const;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> const& customOptions() const;
+
+    private:
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> m_stream;
+        IConfig const* m_fullConfig;
+        ColourMode m_colourMode;
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m_customOptions;
+    };
+
+    struct AssertionStats {
+        AssertionStats( AssertionResult const& _assertionResult,
+                        std::vector<MessageInfo> const& _infoMessages,
+                        Totals const& _totals );
+
+        AssertionStats( AssertionStats const& )              = default;
+        AssertionStats( AssertionStats && )                  = default;
+        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats const& ) = delete;
+        AssertionStats& operator = ( AssertionStats && )     = delete;
+
+        AssertionResult assertionResult;
+        std::vector<MessageInfo> infoMessages;
+        Totals totals;
+    };
+
+    struct SectionStats {
+        SectionStats(   SectionInfo&& _sectionInfo,
+                        Counts const& _assertions,
+                        double _durationInSeconds,
+                        bool _missingAssertions );
+
+        SectionInfo sectionInfo;
+        Counts assertions;
+        double durationInSeconds;
+        bool missingAssertions;
+    };
+
+    struct TestCaseStats {
+        TestCaseStats(  TestCaseInfo const& _testInfo,
+                        Totals const& _totals,
+                        std::string&& _stdOut,
+                        std::string&& _stdErr,
+                        bool _aborting );
+
+        TestCaseInfo const * testInfo;
+        Totals totals;
+        std::string stdOut;
+        std::string stdErr;
+        bool aborting;
+    };
+
+    struct TestRunStats {
+        TestRunStats(   TestRunInfo const& _runInfo,
+                        Totals const& _totals,
+                        bool _aborting );
+
+        TestRunInfo runInfo;
+        Totals totals;
+        bool aborting;
+    };
+
+    //! By setting up its preferences, a reporter can modify Catch2's behaviour
+    //! in some regards, e.g. it can request Catch2 to capture writes to
+    //! stdout/stderr during test execution, and pass them to the reporter.
+    struct ReporterPreferences {
+        //! Catch2 should redirect writes to stdout and pass them to the
+        //! reporter
+        bool shouldRedirectStdOut = false;
+        //! Catch2 should call `Reporter::assertionEnded` even for passing
+        //! assertions
+        bool shouldReportAllAssertions = false;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * The common base for all reporters and event listeners
+     *
+     * Implementing classes must also implement:
+     *
+     *     //! User-friendly description of the reporter/listener type
+     *     static std::string getDescription()
+     *
+     * Generally shouldn't be derived from by users of Catch2 directly,
+     * instead they should derive from one of the utility bases that
+     * derive from this class.
+     */
+    class IEventListener {
+    protected:
+        //! Derived classes can set up their preferences here
+        ReporterPreferences m_preferences;
+        //! The test run's config as filled in from CLI and defaults
+        IConfig const* m_config;
+
+    public:
+        IEventListener( IConfig const* config ): m_config( config ) {}
+
+        virtual ~IEventListener(); // = default;
+
+        // Implementing class must also provide the following static methods:
+        // static std::string getDescription();
+
+        ReporterPreferences const& getPreferences() const {
+            return m_preferences;
+        }
+
+        //! Called when no test cases match provided test spec
+        virtual void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) = 0;
+        //! Called for all invalid test specs from the cli
+        virtual void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef invalidArgument ) = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Called once in a testing run before tests are started
+         *
+         * Not called if tests won't be run (e.g. only listing will happen)
+         */
+        virtual void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called _once_ for each TEST_CASE, no matter how many times it is entered
+        virtual void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) = 0;
+        //! Called _every time_ a TEST_CASE is entered, including repeats (due to sections)
+        virtual void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo, uint64_t partNumber ) = 0;
+        //! Called when a `SECTION` is being entered. Not called for skipped sections
+        virtual void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called when user-code is being probed before the actual benchmark runs
+        virtual void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef benchmarkName ) = 0;
+        //! Called after probe but before the user-code is being benchmarked
+        virtual void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) = 0;
+        //! Called with the benchmark results if benchmark successfully finishes
+        virtual void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) = 0;
+        //! Called if running the benchmarks fails for any reason
+        virtual void benchmarkFailed( StringRef benchmarkName ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called before assertion success/failure is evaluated
+        virtual void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called after assertion was fully evaluated
+        virtual void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called after a `SECTION` has finished running
+        virtual void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) = 0;
+        //! Called _every time_ a TEST_CASE is entered, including repeats (due to sections)
+        virtual void testCasePartialEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats, uint64_t partNumber ) = 0;
+        //! Called _once_ for each TEST_CASE, no matter how many times it is entered
+        virtual void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) = 0;
+        /**
+         * Called once after all tests in a testing run are finished
+         *
+         * Not called if tests weren't run (e.g. only listings happened)
+         */
+        virtual void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Called with test cases that are skipped due to the test run aborting.
+         * NOT called for test cases that are explicitly skipped using the `SKIP` macro.
+         *
+         * Deprecated - will be removed in the next major release.
+         */
+        virtual void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) = 0;
+
+        //! Called if a fatal error (signal/structured exception) occurred
+        virtual void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) = 0;
+
+        //! Writes out information about provided reporters using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) = 0;
+        //! Writes out the provided listeners descriptions using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) = 0;
+        //! Writes out information about provided tests using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) = 0;
+        //! Writes out information about the provided tags using reporter-specific format
+        virtual void listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) = 0;
+    };
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_FACTORY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_FACTORY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ReporterConfig;
+    class IConfig;
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+
+
+    class IReporterFactory {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IReporterFactory(); // = default
+
+        virtual IEventListenerPtr
+        create( ReporterConfig&& config ) const = 0;
+        virtual std::string getDescription() const = 0;
+    };
+    using IReporterFactoryPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IReporterFactory>;
+
+    class EventListenerFactory {
+    public:
+        virtual ~EventListenerFactory(); // = default
+        virtual IEventListenerPtr create( IConfig const* config ) const = 0;
+        //! Return a meaningful name for the listener, e.g. its type name
+        virtual StringRef getName() const = 0;
+        //! Return listener's description if available
+        virtual std::string getDescription() const = 0;
+    };
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_REPORTER_FACTORY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TagAlias;
+
+    class ITagAliasRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~ITagAliasRegistry(); // = default
+        // Nullptr if not present
+        virtual TagAlias const* find( std::string const& alias ) const = 0;
+        virtual std::string expandAliases( std::string const& unexpandedTestSpec ) const = 0;
+
+        static ITagAliasRegistry const& get();
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_INTERFACES_TESTCASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_INTERFACES_TESTCASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class IConfig;
+
+    class ITestCaseRegistry {
+    public:
+        virtual ~ITestCaseRegistry(); // = default
+        // TODO: this exists only for adding filenames to test cases -- let's expose this in a saner way later
+        virtual std::vector<TestCaseInfo* > const& getAllInfos() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTests() const = 0;
+        virtual std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestsSorted( IConfig const& config ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_TESTCASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_INTERFACES_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CASE_INSENSITIVE_COMPARISONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CASE_INSENSITIVE_COMPARISONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+        //! Provides case-insensitive `op<` semantics when called
+        struct CaseInsensitiveLess {
+            bool operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                             StringRef rhs ) const;
+        };
+
+        //! Provides case-insensitive `op==` semantics when called
+        struct CaseInsensitiveEqualTo {
+            bool operator()( StringRef lhs,
+                             StringRef rhs ) const;
+        };
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CASE_INSENSITIVE_COMPARISONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for ANDROID_LOGWRITE configuration option
+ *
+ * We want to default to enabling it when compiled for android, but
+ * users of the library should also be able to disable it if they want
+ * to.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined( CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE ) && \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_NO_ANDROID_LOGWRITE ) &&      \
+    !defined( CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE )
+#    define CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_ANDROID_LOGWRITE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+/** \file
+ * Wrapper for UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS configuration option
+ *
+ * For some functionality, Catch2 requires to know whether there is
+ * an active exception. Because `std::uncaught_exception` is deprecated
+ * in C++17, we want to use `std::uncaught_exceptions` if possible.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  if _MSC_VER >= 1900 // Visual Studio 2015 or newer
+#    define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) \
+    && !defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+#  define CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_INTERNAL_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS) \
+    && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_NO_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS) \
+    && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+#  define CATCH_CONFIG_CPP17_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONSOLE_COLOUR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONSOLE_COLOUR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    enum class ColourMode : std::uint8_t;
+    class IStream;
+
+    struct Colour {
+        enum Code {
+            None = 0,
+
+            White,
+            Red,
+            Green,
+            Blue,
+            Cyan,
+            Yellow,
+            Grey,
+
+            Bright = 0x10,
+
+            BrightRed = Bright | Red,
+            BrightGreen = Bright | Green,
+            LightGrey = Bright | Grey,
+            BrightWhite = Bright | White,
+            BrightYellow = Bright | Yellow,
+
+            // By intention
+            FileName = LightGrey,
+            Warning = BrightYellow,
+            ResultError = BrightRed,
+            ResultSuccess = BrightGreen,
+            ResultExpectedFailure = Warning,
+
+            Error = BrightRed,
+            Success = Green,
+            Skip = LightGrey,
+
+            OriginalExpression = Cyan,
+            ReconstructedExpression = BrightYellow,
+
+            SecondaryText = LightGrey,
+            Headers = White
+        };
+    };
+
+    class ColourImpl {
+    protected:
+        //! The associated stream of this ColourImpl instance
+        IStream* m_stream;
+    public:
+        ColourImpl( IStream* stream ): m_stream( stream ) {}
+
+        //! RAII wrapper around writing specific colour of text using specific
+        //! colour impl into a stream.
+        class ColourGuard {
+            ColourImpl const* m_colourImpl;
+            Colour::Code m_code;
+            bool m_engaged = false;
+
+        public:
+            //! Does **not** engage the guard/start the colour
+            ColourGuard( Colour::Code code,
+                         ColourImpl const* colour );
+
+            ColourGuard( ColourGuard const& rhs ) = delete;
+            ColourGuard& operator=( ColourGuard const& rhs ) = delete;
+
+            ColourGuard( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept;
+            ColourGuard& operator=( ColourGuard&& rhs ) noexcept;
+
+            //! Removes colour _if_ the guard was engaged
+            ~ColourGuard();
+
+            /**
+             * Explicitly engages colour for given stream.
+             *
+             * The API based on operator<< should be preferred.
+             */
+            ColourGuard& engage( std::ostream& stream ) &;
+            /**
+             * Explicitly engages colour for given stream.
+             *
+             * The API based on operator<< should be preferred.
+             */
+            ColourGuard&& engage( std::ostream& stream ) &&;
+
+        private:
+            //! Engages the guard and starts using colour
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& lhs,
+                                             ColourGuard& guard ) {
+                guard.engageImpl( lhs );
+                return lhs;
+            }
+            //! Engages the guard and starts using colour
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& lhs,
+                                            ColourGuard&& guard) {
+                guard.engageImpl( lhs );
+                return lhs;
+            }
+
+            void engageImpl( std::ostream& stream );
+
+        };
+
+        virtual ~ColourImpl(); // = default
+        /**
+         * Creates a guard object for given colour and this colour impl
+         *
+         * **Important:**
+         * the guard starts disengaged, and has to be engaged explicitly.
+         */
+        ColourGuard guardColour( Colour::Code colourCode );
+
+    private:
+        virtual void use( Colour::Code colourCode ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    //! Provides ColourImpl based on global config and target compilation platform
+    Detail::unique_ptr<ColourImpl> makeColourImpl( ColourMode colourSelection,
+                                                   IStream* stream );
+
+    //! Checks if specific colour impl has been compiled into the binary
+    bool isColourImplAvailable( ColourMode colourSelection );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONSOLE_COLOUR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONSOLE_WIDTH_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONSOLE_WIDTH_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// This include must be kept so that user's configured value for CONSOLE_WIDTH
+// is used before we attempt to provide a default value
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH 80
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONSOLE_WIDTH_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_CONTAINER_NONMEMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_CONTAINER_NONMEMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+// We want a simple polyfill over `std::empty`, `std::size` and so on
+// for C++14 or C++ libraries with incomplete support.
+// We also have to handle that MSVC std lib will happily provide these
+// under older standards.
+#if defined(CATCH_CPP17_OR_GREATER) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// We are already using this header either way, so there shouldn't
+// be much additional overhead in including it to get the feature
+// test macros
+#include <string>
+
+#  if !defined(__cpp_lib_nonmember_container_access)
+#      define CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS
+#  endif
+
+#else
+#define CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS
+#endif
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+    template <typename Container>
+    constexpr auto empty(Container const& cont) -> decltype(cont.empty()) {
+        return cont.empty();
+    }
+    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+    constexpr bool empty(const T (&)[N]) noexcept {
+        // GCC < 7 does not support the const T(&)[] parameter syntax
+        // so we have to ignore the length explicitly
+        (void)N;
+        return false;
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    constexpr bool empty(std::initializer_list<T> list) noexcept {
+        return list.size() > 0;
+    }
+
+
+    template <typename Container>
+    constexpr auto size(Container const& cont) -> decltype(cont.size()) {
+        return cont.size();
+    }
+    template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+    constexpr std::size_t size(const T(&)[N]) noexcept {
+        return N;
+    }
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS
+
+} // end namespace Detail
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONTAINER_NONMEMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_DEBUG_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_DEBUG_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    void writeToDebugConsole( std::string const& text );
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_DEBUG_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_DEBUGGER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_DEBUGGER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    bool isDebuggerActive();
+}
+
+#ifdef CATCH_PLATFORM_MAC
+
+    #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("int $3\n" : : ) /* NOLINT */
+    #elif defined(__aarch64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__(".inst 0xd43e0000")
+    #elif defined(__POWERPC__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("li r0, 20\nsc\nnop\nli r0, 37\nli r4, 2\nsc\nnop\n" \
+        : : : "memory","r0","r3","r4" ) /* NOLINT */
+    #endif
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_IPHONE)
+
+    // use inline assembler
+    #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__("int $3")
+    #elif defined(__aarch64__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xd4200000")
+    #elif defined(__arm__) && !defined(__thumb__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xe7f001f0")
+    #elif defined(__arm__) &&  defined(__thumb__)
+        #define CATCH_TRAP()  __asm__(".inst 0xde01")
+    #endif
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_LINUX)
+    // If we can use inline assembler, do it because this allows us to break
+    // directly at the location of the failing check instead of breaking inside
+    // raise() called from it, i.e. one stack frame below.
+    #if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386) || defined(__x86_64))
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() asm volatile ("int $3") /* NOLINT */
+    #else // Fall back to the generic way.
+        #include <signal.h>
+
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() raise(SIGTRAP)
+    #endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    #define CATCH_TRAP() __debugbreak()
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+    extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
+    #define CATCH_TRAP() DebugBreak()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+    #ifdef CATCH_TRAP
+        #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() []{ if( Catch::isDebuggerActive() ) { CATCH_TRAP(); } }()
+    #else
+        #define CATCH_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() []{}()
+    #endif
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_DEBUGGER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ENFORCE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ENFORCE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    template <typename Ex>
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_exception(Ex const& e) {
+        throw e;
+    }
+#else // ^^ Exceptions are enabled //  Exceptions are disabled vv
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_exception(std::exception const& e);
+#endif
+
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_logic_error(std::string const& msg);
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_domain_error(std::string const& msg);
+    [[noreturn]]
+    void throw_runtime_error(std::string const& msg);
+
+} // namespace Catch;
+
+#define CATCH_MAKE_MSG(...) \
+    (Catch::ReusableStringStream() << __VA_ARGS__).str()
+
+#define CATCH_INTERNAL_ERROR(...) \
+    Catch::throw_logic_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO << ": Internal Catch2 error: " << __VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define CATCH_ERROR(...) \
+    Catch::throw_domain_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( __VA_ARGS__ ))
+
+#define CATCH_RUNTIME_ERROR(...) \
+    Catch::throw_runtime_error(CATCH_MAKE_MSG( __VA_ARGS__ ))
+
+#define CATCH_ENFORCE( condition, ... ) \
+    do{ if( !(condition) ) CATCH_ERROR( __VA_ARGS__ ); } while(false)
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_ENFORCE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<EnumInfo> makeEnumInfo( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values );
+
+        class EnumValuesRegistry : public IMutableEnumValuesRegistry {
+
+            std::vector<Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<EnumInfo>> m_enumInfos;
+
+            EnumInfo const& registerEnum( StringRef enumName, StringRef allValueNames, std::vector<int> const& values) override;
+        };
+
+        std::vector<StringRef> parseEnums( StringRef enums );
+
+    } // Detail
+
+} // Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_ENUM_VALUES_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ERRNO_GUARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ERRNO_GUARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    //! Simple RAII class that stores the value of `errno`
+    //! at construction and restores it at destruction.
+    class ErrnoGuard {
+    public:
+        // Keep these outlined to avoid dragging in macros from <cerrno>
+
+        ErrnoGuard();
+        ~ErrnoGuard();
+    private:
+        int m_oldErrno;
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_ERRNO_GUARD_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ExceptionTranslatorRegistry : public IExceptionTranslatorRegistry {
+    public:
+        ~ExceptionTranslatorRegistry() override;
+        void registerTranslator( Detail::unique_ptr<IExceptionTranslator>&& translator );
+        std::string translateActiveException() const override;
+
+    private:
+        ExceptionTranslators m_translators;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_FATAL_CONDITION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_FATAL_CONDITION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for platform-specific fatal error (signals/SEH) handlers
+     *
+     * Tries to be cooperative with other handlers, and not step over
+     * other handlers. This means that unknown structured exceptions
+     * are passed on, previous signal handlers are called, and so on.
+     *
+     * Can only be instantiated once, and assumes that once a signal
+     * is caught, the binary will end up terminating. Thus, there
+     */
+    class FatalConditionHandler {
+        bool m_started = false;
+
+        // Install/disengage implementation for specific platform.
+        // Should be if-defed to work on current platform, can assume
+        // engage-disengage 1:1 pairing.
+        void engage_platform();
+        void disengage_platform() noexcept;
+    public:
+        // Should also have platform-specific implementations as needed
+        FatalConditionHandler();
+        ~FatalConditionHandler();
+
+        void engage() {
+            assert(!m_started && "Handler cannot be installed twice.");
+            m_started = true;
+            engage_platform();
+        }
+
+        void disengage() noexcept {
+            assert(m_started && "Handler cannot be uninstalled without being installed first");
+            m_started = false;
+            disengage_platform();
+        }
+    };
+
+    //! Simple RAII guard for (dis)engaging the FatalConditionHandler
+    class FatalConditionHandlerGuard {
+        FatalConditionHandler* m_handler;
+    public:
+        FatalConditionHandlerGuard(FatalConditionHandler* handler):
+            m_handler(handler) {
+            m_handler->engage();
+        }
+        ~FatalConditionHandlerGuard() {
+            m_handler->disengage();
+        }
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_FATAL_CONDITION_HANDLER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        uint32_t convertToBits(float f);
+        uint64_t convertToBits(double d);
+
+        // Used when we know we want == comparison of two doubles
+        // to centralize warning suppression
+        bool directCompare( float lhs, float rhs );
+        bool directCompare( double lhs, double rhs );
+
+    } // end namespace Detail
+
+
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+    // We do a bunch of direct compensations of floating point numbers,
+    // because we know what we are doing and actually do want the direct
+    // comparison behaviour.
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
+#endif
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the ULP distance between two floating point numbers
+     *
+     * The ULP distance of two floating point numbers is the count of
+     * valid floating point numbers representable between them.
+     *
+     * There are some exceptions between how this function counts the
+     * distance, and the interpretation of the standard as implemented.
+     * by e.g. `nextafter`. For this function it always holds that:
+     * * `(x == y) => ulpDistance(x, y) == 0` (so `ulpDistance(-0, 0) == 0`)
+     * * `ulpDistance(maxFinite, INF) == 1`
+     * * `ulpDistance(x, -x) == 2 * ulpDistance(x, 0)`
+     *
+     * \pre `!isnan( lhs )`
+     * \pre `!isnan( rhs )`
+     * \pre floating point numbers are represented in IEEE-754 format
+     */
+    template <typename FP>
+    uint64_t ulpDistance( FP lhs, FP rhs ) {
+        assert( std::numeric_limits<FP>::is_iec559 &&
+            "ulpDistance assumes IEEE-754 format for floating point types" );
+        assert( !Catch::isnan( lhs ) &&
+                "Distance between NaN and number is not meaningful" );
+        assert( !Catch::isnan( rhs ) &&
+                "Distance between NaN and number is not meaningful" );
+
+        // We want X == Y to imply 0 ULP distance even if X and Y aren't
+        // bit-equal (-0 and 0), or X - Y != 0 (same sign infinities).
+        if ( lhs == rhs ) { return 0; }
+
+        // We need a properly typed positive zero for type inference.
+        static constexpr FP positive_zero{};
+
+        // We want to ensure that +/- 0 is always represented as positive zero
+        if ( lhs == positive_zero ) { lhs = positive_zero; }
+        if ( rhs == positive_zero ) { rhs = positive_zero; }
+
+        // If arguments have different signs, we can handle them by summing
+        // how far are they from 0 each.
+        if ( std::signbit( lhs ) != std::signbit( rhs ) ) {
+            return ulpDistance( std::abs( lhs ), positive_zero ) +
+                   ulpDistance( std::abs( rhs ), positive_zero );
+        }
+
+        // When both lhs and rhs are of the same sign, we can just
+        // read the numbers bitwise as integers, and then subtract them
+        // (assuming IEEE).
+        uint64_t lc = Detail::convertToBits( lhs );
+        uint64_t rc = Detail::convertToBits( rhs );
+
+        // The ulp distance between two numbers is symmetric, so to avoid
+        // dealing with overflows we want the bigger converted number on the lhs
+        if ( lc < rc ) {
+            std::swap( lc, rc );
+        }
+
+        return lc - rc;
+    }
+
+#if defined( __GNUC__ ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_FLOATING_POINT_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_GETENV_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_GETENV_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Detail {
+
+    //! Wrapper over `std::getenv` that compiles on UWP (and always returns nullptr there)
+    char const* getEnv(char const* varName);
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_GETENV_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_IS_PERMUTATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_IS_PERMUTATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter,
+                  typename Sentinel,
+                  typename T,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        constexpr
+        ForwardIter find_sentinel( ForwardIter start,
+                                   Sentinel sentinel,
+                                   T const& value,
+                                   Comparator cmp ) {
+            while ( start != sentinel ) {
+                if ( cmp( *start, value ) ) { break; }
+                ++start;
+            }
+            return start;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter,
+                  typename Sentinel,
+                  typename T,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        constexpr
+        std::ptrdiff_t count_sentinel( ForwardIter start,
+                                       Sentinel sentinel,
+                                       T const& value,
+                                       Comparator cmp ) {
+            std::ptrdiff_t count = 0;
+            while ( start != sentinel ) {
+                if ( cmp( *start, value ) ) { ++count; }
+                ++start;
+            }
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter, typename Sentinel>
+        constexpr
+        std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<ForwardIter, Sentinel>::value,
+                         std::ptrdiff_t>
+        sentinel_distance( ForwardIter iter, const Sentinel sentinel ) {
+            std::ptrdiff_t dist = 0;
+            while ( iter != sentinel ) {
+                ++iter;
+                ++dist;
+            }
+            return dist;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter>
+        constexpr std::ptrdiff_t sentinel_distance( ForwardIter first,
+                                                    ForwardIter last ) {
+            return std::distance( first, last );
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter1,
+                  typename Sentinel1,
+                  typename ForwardIter2,
+                  typename Sentinel2,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        constexpr bool check_element_counts( ForwardIter1 first_1,
+                                             const Sentinel1 end_1,
+                                             ForwardIter2 first_2,
+                                             const Sentinel2 end_2,
+                                             Comparator cmp ) {
+            auto cursor = first_1;
+            while ( cursor != end_1 ) {
+                if ( find_sentinel( first_1, cursor, *cursor, cmp ) ==
+                     cursor ) {
+                    // we haven't checked this element yet
+                    const auto count_in_range_2 =
+                        count_sentinel( first_2, end_2, *cursor, cmp );
+                    // Not a single instance in 2nd range, so it cannot be a
+                    // permutation of 1st range
+                    if ( count_in_range_2 == 0 ) { return false; }
+
+                    const auto count_in_range_1 =
+                        count_sentinel( cursor, end_1, *cursor, cmp );
+                    if ( count_in_range_1 != count_in_range_2 ) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ++cursor;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        template <typename ForwardIter1,
+                  typename Sentinel1,
+                  typename ForwardIter2,
+                  typename Sentinel2,
+                  typename Comparator>
+        constexpr bool is_permutation( ForwardIter1 first_1,
+                                       const Sentinel1 end_1,
+                                       ForwardIter2 first_2,
+                                       const Sentinel2 end_2,
+                                       Comparator cmp ) {
+            // TODO: no optimization for stronger iterators, because we would also have to constrain on sentinel vs not sentinel types
+            // TODO: Comparator has to be "both sides", e.g. a == b => b == a
+            // This skips shared prefix of the two ranges
+            while (first_1 != end_1 && first_2 != end_2 && cmp(*first_1, *first_2)) {
+                ++first_1;
+                ++first_2;
+            }
+
+            // We need to handle case where at least one of the ranges has no more elements
+            if (first_1 == end_1 || first_2 == end_2) {
+                return first_1 == end_1 && first_2 == end_2;
+            }
+
+            // pair counting is n**2, so we pay linear walk to compare the sizes first
+            auto dist_1 = sentinel_distance( first_1, end_1 );
+            auto dist_2 = sentinel_distance( first_2, end_2 );
+
+            if (dist_1 != dist_2) { return false; }
+
+            // Since we do not try to handle stronger iterators pair (e.g.
+            // bidir) optimally, the only thing left to do is to check counts in
+            // the remaining ranges.
+            return check_element_counts( first_1, end_1, first_2, end_2, cmp );
+        }
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_IS_PERMUTATION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_ISTREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_ISTREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IStream {
+    public:
+        virtual ~IStream(); // = default
+        virtual std::ostream& stream() = 0;
+        /**
+         * Best guess on whether the instance is writing to a console (e.g. via stdout/stderr)
+         *
+         * This is useful for e.g. Win32 colour support, because the Win32
+         * API manipulates console directly, unlike POSIX escape codes,
+         * that can be written anywhere.
+         *
+         * Due to variety of ways to change where the stdout/stderr is
+         * _actually_ being written, users should always assume that
+         * the answer might be wrong.
+         */
+        virtual bool isConsole() const { return false; }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a stream wrapper that writes to specific file.
+     *
+     * Also recognizes 4 special filenames
+     * * `-` for stdout
+     * * `%stdout` for stdout
+     * * `%stderr` for stderr
+     * * `%debug` for platform specific debugging output
+     *
+     * \throws if passed an unrecognized %-prefixed stream
+     */
+    auto makeStream( std::string const& filename ) -> Detail::unique_ptr<IStream>;
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_STREAM_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_JSONWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_JSONWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class JsonObjectWriter;
+    class JsonArrayWriter;
+
+    struct JsonUtils {
+        static void indent( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t level );
+        static void appendCommaNewline( std::ostream& os,
+                                        bool& should_comma,
+                                        std::uint64_t level );
+    };
+
+    class JsonValueWriter {
+    public:
+        JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        JsonValueWriter( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t indent_level );
+
+        JsonObjectWriter writeObject() &&;
+        JsonArrayWriter writeArray() &&;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        void write( T const& value ) && {
+            writeImpl( value, !std::is_arithmetic<T>::value );
+        }
+        void write( StringRef value ) &&;
+        void write( bool value ) &&;
+
+    private:
+        void writeImpl( StringRef value, bool quote );
+
+        // Without this SFINAE, this overload is a better match
+        // for `std::string`, `char const*`, `char const[N]` args.
+        // While it would still work, it would cause code bloat
+        // and multiple iteration over the strings
+        template <typename T,
+                  typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                      !std::is_convertible<T, StringRef>::value>>
+        void writeImpl( T const& value, bool quote_value ) {
+            m_sstream << value;
+            writeImpl( m_sstream.str(), quote_value );
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+        std::stringstream m_sstream;
+        std::uint64_t m_indent_level;
+    };
+
+    class JsonObjectWriter {
+    public:
+        JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        JsonObjectWriter( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t indent_level );
+
+        JsonObjectWriter( JsonObjectWriter&& source ) noexcept;
+        JsonObjectWriter& operator=( JsonObjectWriter&& source ) = delete;
+
+        ~JsonObjectWriter();
+
+        JsonValueWriter write( StringRef key );
+
+    private:
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+        std::uint64_t m_indent_level;
+        bool m_should_comma = false;
+        bool m_active = true;
+    };
+
+    class JsonArrayWriter {
+    public:
+        JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        JsonArrayWriter( std::ostream& os, std::uint64_t indent_level );
+
+        JsonArrayWriter( JsonArrayWriter&& source ) noexcept;
+        JsonArrayWriter& operator=( JsonArrayWriter&& source ) = delete;
+
+        ~JsonArrayWriter();
+
+        JsonObjectWriter writeObject();
+        JsonArrayWriter writeArray();
+
+        template <typename T>
+        JsonArrayWriter& write( T const& value ) {
+            return writeImpl( value );
+        }
+
+        JsonArrayWriter& write( bool value );
+
+    private:
+        template <typename T>
+        JsonArrayWriter& writeImpl( T const& value ) {
+            JsonUtils::appendCommaNewline(
+                m_os, m_should_comma, m_indent_level + 1 );
+            JsonValueWriter{ m_os }.write( value );
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+        std::uint64_t m_indent_level;
+        bool m_should_comma = false;
+        bool m_active = true;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_JSONWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LEAK_DETECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LEAK_DETECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct LeakDetector {
+        LeakDetector();
+        ~LeakDetector();
+    };
+
+}
+#endif // CATCH_LEAK_DETECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IEventListener;
+    class Config;
+
+
+    struct ReporterDescription {
+        std::string name, description;
+    };
+    struct ListenerDescription {
+        StringRef name;
+        std::string description;
+    };
+
+    struct TagInfo {
+        void add(StringRef spelling);
+        std::string all() const;
+
+        std::set<StringRef> spellings;
+        std::size_t count = 0;
+    };
+
+    bool list( IEventListener& reporter, Config const& config );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_LIST_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class OutputRedirect {
+        bool m_redirectActive = false;
+        virtual void activateImpl() = 0;
+        virtual void deactivateImpl() = 0;
+    public:
+        enum Kind {
+            //! No redirect (noop implementation)
+            None,
+            //! Redirect std::cout/std::cerr/std::clog streams internally
+            Streams,
+            //! Redirect the stdout/stderr file descriptors into files
+            FileDescriptors,
+        };
+
+        virtual ~OutputRedirect(); // = default;
+
+        // TODO: Do we want to check that redirect is not active before retrieving the output?
+        virtual std::string getStdout() = 0;
+        virtual std::string getStderr() = 0;
+        virtual void clearBuffers() = 0;
+        bool isActive() const { return m_redirectActive; }
+        void activate() {
+            assert( !m_redirectActive && "redirect is already active" );
+            activateImpl();
+            m_redirectActive = true;
+        }
+        void deactivate() {
+            assert( m_redirectActive && "redirect is not active" );
+            deactivateImpl();
+            m_redirectActive = false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    bool isRedirectAvailable( OutputRedirect::Kind kind);
+    Detail::unique_ptr<OutputRedirect> makeOutputRedirect( bool actual );
+
+    class RedirectGuard {
+        OutputRedirect* m_redirect;
+        bool m_activate;
+        bool m_previouslyActive;
+        bool m_moved = false;
+
+    public:
+        RedirectGuard( bool activate, OutputRedirect& redirectImpl );
+        ~RedirectGuard() noexcept( false );
+
+        RedirectGuard( RedirectGuard const& ) = delete;
+        RedirectGuard& operator=( RedirectGuard const& ) = delete;
+
+        // C++14 needs move-able guards to return them from functions
+        RedirectGuard( RedirectGuard&& rhs ) noexcept;
+        RedirectGuard& operator=( RedirectGuard&& rhs ) noexcept;
+    };
+
+    RedirectGuard scopedActivate( OutputRedirect& redirectImpl );
+    RedirectGuard scopedDeactivate( OutputRedirect& redirectImpl );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_OUTPUT_REDIRECT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_PARSE_NUMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_PARSE_NUMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * Parses unsigned int from the input, using provided base
+     *
+     * Effectively a wrapper around std::stoul but with better error checking
+     * e.g. "-1" is rejected, instead of being parsed as UINT_MAX.
+     */
+    Optional<unsigned int> parseUInt(std::string const& input, int base = 10);
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_PARSE_NUMBERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+    class IReporterFactory;
+    using IReporterFactoryPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IReporterFactory>;
+    struct ReporterConfig;
+    class EventListenerFactory;
+
+    class ReporterRegistry {
+        struct ReporterRegistryImpl;
+        Detail::unique_ptr<ReporterRegistryImpl> m_impl;
+
+    public:
+        ReporterRegistry();
+        ~ReporterRegistry(); // = default;
+
+        IEventListenerPtr create( std::string const& name,
+                                  ReporterConfig&& config ) const;
+
+        void registerReporter( std::string const& name,
+                               IReporterFactoryPtr factory );
+
+        void
+        registerListener( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> factory );
+
+        std::map<std::string,
+                 IReporterFactoryPtr,
+                 Detail::CaseInsensitiveLess> const&
+        getFactories() const;
+
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory>> const&
+        getListeners() const;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_RUN_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_RUN_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_TRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_TRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace TestCaseTracking {
+
+    struct NameAndLocation {
+        std::string name;
+        SourceLineInfo location;
+
+        NameAndLocation( std::string&& _name, SourceLineInfo const& _location );
+        friend bool operator==(NameAndLocation const& lhs, NameAndLocation const& rhs) {
+            // This is a very cheap check that should have a very high hit rate.
+            // If we get to SourceLineInfo::operator==, we will redo it, but the
+            // cost of repeating is trivial at that point (we will be paying
+            // multiple strcmp/memcmps at that point).
+            if ( lhs.location.line != rhs.location.line ) { return false; }
+            return lhs.name == rhs.name && lhs.location == rhs.location;
+        }
+        friend bool operator!=(NameAndLocation const& lhs,
+                               NameAndLocation const& rhs) {
+            return !( lhs == rhs );
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * This is a variant of `NameAndLocation` that does not own the name string
+     *
+     * This avoids extra allocations when trying to locate a tracker by its
+     * name and location, as long as we make sure that trackers only keep
+     * around the owning variant.
+     */
+    struct NameAndLocationRef {
+        StringRef name;
+        SourceLineInfo location;
+
+        constexpr NameAndLocationRef( StringRef name_,
+                                      SourceLineInfo location_ ):
+            name( name_ ), location( location_ ) {}
+
+        friend bool operator==( NameAndLocation const& lhs,
+                                NameAndLocationRef const& rhs ) {
+            // This is a very cheap check that should have a very high hit rate.
+            // If we get to SourceLineInfo::operator==, we will redo it, but the
+            // cost of repeating is trivial at that point (we will be paying
+            // multiple strcmp/memcmps at that point).
+            if ( lhs.location.line != rhs.location.line ) { return false; }
+            return StringRef( lhs.name ) == rhs.name &&
+                   lhs.location == rhs.location;
+        }
+        friend bool operator==( NameAndLocationRef const& lhs,
+                                NameAndLocation const& rhs ) {
+            return rhs == lhs;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class ITracker;
+
+    using ITrackerPtr = Catch::Detail::unique_ptr<ITracker>;
+
+    class ITracker {
+        NameAndLocation m_nameAndLocation;
+
+        using Children = std::vector<ITrackerPtr>;
+
+    protected:
+        enum CycleState {
+            NotStarted,
+            Executing,
+            ExecutingChildren,
+            NeedsAnotherRun,
+            CompletedSuccessfully,
+            Failed
+        };
+
+        ITracker* m_parent = nullptr;
+        Children m_children;
+        CycleState m_runState = NotStarted;
+
+    public:
+        ITracker( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLoc, ITracker* parent ):
+            m_nameAndLocation( CATCH_MOVE(nameAndLoc) ),
+            m_parent( parent )
+        {}
+
+
+        // static queries
+        NameAndLocation const& nameAndLocation() const {
+            return m_nameAndLocation;
+        }
+        ITracker* parent() const {
+            return m_parent;
+        }
+
+        virtual ~ITracker(); // = default
+
+
+        // dynamic queries
+
+        //! Returns true if tracker run to completion (successfully or not)
+        virtual bool isComplete() const = 0;
+        //! Returns true if tracker run to completion successfully
+        bool isSuccessfullyCompleted() const {
+            return m_runState == CompletedSuccessfully;
+        }
+        //! Returns true if tracker has started but hasn't been completed
+        bool isOpen() const;
+        //! Returns true iff tracker has started
+        bool hasStarted() const;
+
+        // actions
+        virtual void close() = 0; // Successfully complete
+        virtual void fail() = 0;
+        void markAsNeedingAnotherRun();
+
+        //! Register a nested ITracker
+        void addChild( ITrackerPtr&& child );
+        /**
+         * Returns ptr to specific child if register with this tracker.
+         *
+         * Returns nullptr if not found.
+         */
+        ITracker* findChild( NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation );
+        //! Have any children been added?
+        bool hasChildren() const {
+            return !m_children.empty();
+        }
+
+
+        //! Marks tracker as executing a child, doing se recursively up the tree
+        void openChild();
+
+        /**
+         * Returns true if the instance is a section tracker
+         *
+         * Subclasses should override to true if they are, replaces RTTI
+         * for internal debug checks.
+         */
+        virtual bool isSectionTracker() const;
+        /**
+         * Returns true if the instance is a generator tracker
+         *
+         * Subclasses should override to true if they are, replaces RTTI
+         * for internal debug checks.
+         */
+        virtual bool isGeneratorTracker() const;
+    };
+
+    class TrackerContext {
+
+        enum RunState {
+            NotStarted,
+            Executing,
+            CompletedCycle
+        };
+
+        ITrackerPtr m_rootTracker;
+        ITracker* m_currentTracker = nullptr;
+        RunState m_runState = NotStarted;
+
+    public:
+
+        ITracker& startRun();
+
+        void startCycle() {
+            m_currentTracker = m_rootTracker.get();
+            m_runState = Executing;
+        }
+        void completeCycle();
+
+        bool completedCycle() const;
+        ITracker& currentTracker() { return *m_currentTracker; }
+        void setCurrentTracker( ITracker* tracker );
+    };
+
+    class TrackerBase : public ITracker {
+    protected:
+
+        TrackerContext& m_ctx;
+
+    public:
+        TrackerBase( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent );
+
+        bool isComplete() const override;
+
+        void open();
+
+        void close() override;
+        void fail() override;
+
+    private:
+        void moveToParent();
+        void moveToThis();
+    };
+
+    class SectionTracker : public TrackerBase {
+        std::vector<StringRef> m_filters;
+        // Note that lifetime-wise we piggy back off the name stored in the `ITracker` parent`.
+        // Currently it allocates owns the name, so this is safe. If it is later refactored
+        // to not own the name, the name still has to outlive the `ITracker` parent, so
+        // this should still be safe.
+        StringRef m_trimmed_name;
+    public:
+        SectionTracker( NameAndLocation&& nameAndLocation, TrackerContext& ctx, ITracker* parent );
+
+        bool isSectionTracker() const override;
+
+        bool isComplete() const override;
+
+        static SectionTracker& acquire( TrackerContext& ctx, NameAndLocationRef const& nameAndLocation );
+
+        void tryOpen();
+
+        void addInitialFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters );
+        void addNextFilters( std::vector<StringRef> const& filters );
+        //! Returns filters active in this tracker
+        std::vector<StringRef> const& getFilters() const { return m_filters; }
+        //! Returns whitespace-trimmed name of the tracked section
+        StringRef trimmedName() const;
+    };
+
+} // namespace TestCaseTracking
+
+using TestCaseTracking::ITracker;
+using TestCaseTracking::TrackerContext;
+using TestCaseTracking::SectionTracker;
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_CASE_TRACKER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IGeneratorTracker;
+    class IConfig;
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+    class OutputRedirect;
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    class RunContext final : public IResultCapture {
+
+    public:
+        RunContext( RunContext const& ) = delete;
+        RunContext& operator =( RunContext const& ) = delete;
+
+        explicit RunContext( IConfig const* _config, IEventListenerPtr&& reporter );
+
+        ~RunContext() override;
+
+        Totals runTest(TestCaseHandle const& testCase);
+
+    public: // IResultCapture
+
+        // Assertion handlers
+        void handleExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ITransientExpression const& expr,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleMessage
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    std::string&& message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleUnexpectedInflightException
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info,
+                    std::string&& message,
+                    AssertionReaction& reaction ) override;
+        void handleIncomplete
+                (   AssertionInfo const& info ) override;
+        void handleNonExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    AssertionReaction &reaction ) override;
+
+        void notifyAssertionStarted( AssertionInfo const& info ) override;
+        bool sectionStarted( StringRef sectionName,
+                             SourceLineInfo const& sectionLineInfo,
+                             Counts& assertions ) override;
+
+        void sectionEnded( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) override;
+        void sectionEndedEarly( SectionEndInfo&& endInfo ) override;
+
+        IGeneratorTracker*
+        acquireGeneratorTracker( StringRef generatorName,
+                                 SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo ) override;
+        IGeneratorTracker* createGeneratorTracker(
+            StringRef generatorName,
+            SourceLineInfo lineInfo,
+            Generators::GeneratorBasePtr&& generator ) override;
+
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& info ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& stats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void pushScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) override;
+        void popScopedMessage( MessageInfo const& message ) override;
+
+        void emplaceUnscopedMessage( MessageBuilder&& builder ) override;
+
+        std::string getCurrentTestName() const override;
+
+        const AssertionResult* getLastResult() const override;
+
+        void exceptionEarlyReported() override;
+
+        void handleFatalErrorCondition( StringRef message ) override;
+
+        bool lastAssertionPassed() override;
+
+        void assertionPassed() override;
+
+    public:
+        // !TBD We need to do this another way!
+        bool aborting() const;
+
+    private:
+
+        void runCurrentTest();
+        void invokeActiveTestCase();
+
+        void resetAssertionInfo();
+        bool testForMissingAssertions( Counts& assertions );
+
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionResult&& result );
+        void reportExpr
+                (   AssertionInfo const &info,
+                    ResultWas::OfType resultType,
+                    ITransientExpression const *expr,
+                    bool negated );
+
+        void populateReaction( AssertionReaction& reaction );
+
+    private:
+
+        void handleUnfinishedSections();
+
+        TestRunInfo m_runInfo;
+        TestCaseHandle const* m_activeTestCase = nullptr;
+        ITracker* m_testCaseTracker = nullptr;
+        Optional<AssertionResult> m_lastResult;
+
+        IConfig const* m_config;
+        Totals m_totals;
+        IEventListenerPtr m_reporter;
+        std::vector<MessageInfo> m_messages;
+        std::vector<ScopedMessage> m_messageScopes; /* Keeps owners of so-called unscoped messages. */
+        AssertionInfo m_lastAssertionInfo;
+        std::vector<SectionEndInfo> m_unfinishedSections;
+        std::vector<ITracker*> m_activeSections;
+        TrackerContext m_trackerContext;
+        Detail::unique_ptr<OutputRedirect> m_outputRedirect;
+        FatalConditionHandler m_fatalConditionhandler;
+        bool m_lastAssertionPassed = false;
+        bool m_shouldReportUnexpected = true;
+        bool m_includeSuccessfulResults;
+    };
+
+    void seedRng(IConfig const& config);
+    unsigned int rngSeed();
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_RUN_CONTEXT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SHARDING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SHARDING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    template<typename Container>
+    Container createShard(Container const& container, std::size_t const shardCount, std::size_t const shardIndex) {
+        assert(shardCount > shardIndex);
+
+        if (shardCount == 1) {
+            return container;
+        }
+
+        const std::size_t totalTestCount = container.size();
+
+        const std::size_t shardSize = totalTestCount / shardCount;
+        const std::size_t leftoverTests = totalTestCount % shardCount;
+
+        const std::size_t startIndex = shardIndex * shardSize + (std::min)(shardIndex, leftoverTests);
+        const std::size_t endIndex = (shardIndex + 1) * shardSize + (std::min)(shardIndex + 1, leftoverTests);
+
+        auto startIterator = std::next(container.begin(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(startIndex));
+        auto endIterator = std::next(container.begin(), static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(endIndex));
+
+        return Container(startIterator, endIterator);
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_SHARDING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_SINGLETONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_SINGLETONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct ISingleton {
+        virtual ~ISingleton(); // = default
+    };
+
+
+    void addSingleton( ISingleton* singleton );
+    void cleanupSingletons();
+
+
+    template<typename SingletonImplT, typename InterfaceT = SingletonImplT, typename MutableInterfaceT = InterfaceT>
+    class Singleton : SingletonImplT, public ISingleton {
+
+        static auto getInternal() -> Singleton* {
+            static Singleton* s_instance = nullptr;
+            if( !s_instance ) {
+                s_instance = new Singleton;
+                addSingleton( s_instance );
+            }
+            return s_instance;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        static auto get() -> InterfaceT const& {
+            return *getInternal();
+        }
+        static auto getMutable() -> MutableInterfaceT& {
+            return *getInternal();
+        }
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_SINGLETONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STARTUP_EXCEPTION_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STARTUP_EXCEPTION_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class StartupExceptionRegistry {
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE_EXCEPTIONS)
+    public:
+        void add(std::exception_ptr const& exception) noexcept;
+        std::vector<std::exception_ptr> const& getExceptions() const noexcept;
+    private:
+        std::vector<std::exception_ptr> m_exceptions;
+#endif
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_STARTUP_EXCEPTION_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STDSTREAMS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STDSTREAMS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    std::ostream& cout();
+    std::ostream& cerr();
+    std::ostream& clog();
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_STRING_MANIP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_STRING_MANIP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    bool startsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& prefix );
+    bool startsWith( StringRef s, char prefix );
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, std::string const& suffix );
+    bool endsWith( std::string const& s, char suffix );
+    bool contains( std::string const& s, std::string const& infix );
+    void toLowerInPlace( std::string& s );
+    std::string toLower( std::string const& s );
+    char toLower( char c );
+    //! Returns a new string without whitespace at the start/end
+    std::string trim( std::string const& str );
+    //! Returns a substring of the original ref without whitespace. Beware lifetimes!
+    StringRef trim(StringRef ref);
+
+    // !!! Be aware, returns refs into original string - make sure original string outlives them
+    std::vector<StringRef> splitStringRef( StringRef str, char delimiter );
+    bool replaceInPlace( std::string& str, std::string const& replaceThis, std::string const& withThis );
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for streaming a "count [maybe-plural-of-label]" human-friendly string
+     *
+     * Usage example:
+     * ```cpp
+     * std::cout << "Found " << pluralise(count, "error") << '\n';
+     * ```
+     *
+     * **Important:** The provided string must outlive the instance
+     */
+    class pluralise {
+        std::uint64_t m_count;
+        StringRef m_label;
+
+    public:
+        constexpr pluralise(std::uint64_t count, StringRef label):
+            m_count(count),
+            m_label(label)
+        {}
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, pluralise const& pluraliser );
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_STRING_MANIP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    struct SourceLineInfo;
+
+    class TagAliasRegistry : public ITagAliasRegistry {
+    public:
+        ~TagAliasRegistry() override;
+        TagAlias const* find( std::string const& alias ) const override;
+        std::string expandAliases( std::string const& unexpandedTestSpec ) const override;
+        void add( std::string const& alias, std::string const& tag, SourceLineInfo const& lineInfo );
+
+    private:
+        std::map<std::string, TagAlias> m_registry;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TAG_ALIAS_REGISTRY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HASHER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HASHER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    struct TestCaseInfo;
+
+    class TestCaseInfoHasher {
+    public:
+        using hash_t = std::uint64_t;
+        TestCaseInfoHasher( hash_t seed );
+        uint32_t operator()( TestCaseInfo const& t ) const;
+
+    private:
+        hash_t m_seed;
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif /* CATCH_TEST_CASE_INFO_HASHER_HPP_INCLUDED */
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_CASE_REGISTRY_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_CASE_REGISTRY_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IConfig;
+    class ITestInvoker;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class TestSpec;
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> sortTests( IConfig const& config, std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& unsortedTestCases );
+
+    bool isThrowSafe( TestCaseHandle const& testCase, IConfig const& config );
+
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> filterTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& testCases, TestSpec const& testSpec, IConfig const& config );
+    std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestCasesSorted( IConfig const& config );
+
+    class TestRegistry : public ITestCaseRegistry {
+    public:
+        void registerTest( Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo> testInfo, Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker> testInvoker );
+
+        std::vector<TestCaseInfo*> const& getAllInfos() const override;
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTests() const override;
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& getAllTestsSorted( IConfig const& config ) const override;
+
+        ~TestRegistry() override; // = default
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseInfo>> m_owned_test_infos;
+        // Keeps a materialized vector for `getAllInfos`.
+        // We should get rid of that eventually (see interface note)
+        std::vector<TestCaseInfo*> m_viewed_test_infos;
+
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<ITestInvoker>> m_invokers;
+        std::vector<TestCaseHandle> m_handles;
+        mutable TestRunOrder m_currentSortOrder = TestRunOrder::Declared;
+        mutable std::vector<TestCaseHandle> m_sortedFunctions;
+    };
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_CASE_REGISTRY_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEST_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEST_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class ITagAliasRegistry;
+
+    class TestSpecParser {
+        enum Mode{ None, Name, QuotedName, Tag, EscapedName };
+        Mode m_mode = None;
+        Mode lastMode = None;
+        bool m_exclusion = false;
+        std::size_t m_pos = 0;
+        std::size_t m_realPatternPos = 0;
+        std::string m_arg;
+        std::string m_substring;
+        std::string m_patternName;
+        std::vector<std::size_t> m_escapeChars;
+        TestSpec::Filter m_currentFilter;
+        TestSpec m_testSpec;
+        ITagAliasRegistry const* m_tagAliases = nullptr;
+
+    public:
+        TestSpecParser( ITagAliasRegistry const& tagAliases );
+
+        TestSpecParser& parse( std::string const& arg );
+        TestSpec testSpec();
+
+    private:
+        bool visitChar( char c );
+        void startNewMode( Mode mode );
+        bool processNoneChar( char c );
+        void processNameChar( char c );
+        bool processOtherChar( char c );
+        void endMode();
+        void escape();
+        bool isControlChar( char c ) const;
+        void saveLastMode();
+        void revertBackToLastMode();
+        void addFilter();
+        bool separate();
+
+        // Handles common preprocessing of the pattern for name/tag patterns
+        std::string preprocessPattern();
+        // Adds the current pattern as a test name
+        void addNamePattern();
+        // Adds the current pattern as a tag
+        void addTagPattern();
+
+        inline void addCharToPattern(char c) {
+            m_substring += c;
+            m_patternName += c;
+            m_realPatternPos++;
+        }
+
+    };
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_TEST_SPEC_PARSER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TEXTFLOW_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TEXTFLOW_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace TextFlow {
+
+        class Columns;
+
+        /**
+         * Abstraction for a string with ansi escape sequences that
+         * automatically skips over escapes when iterating. Only graphical
+         * escape sequences are considered.
+         *
+         * Internal representation:
+         * An escape sequence looks like \033[39;49m
+         * We need bidirectional iteration and the unbound length of escape
+         * sequences poses a problem for operator-- To make this work we'll
+         * replace the last `m` with a 0xff (this is a codepoint that won't have
+         * any utf-8 meaning).
+         */
+        class AnsiSkippingString {
+            std::string m_string;
+            std::size_t m_size = 0;
+
+            // perform 0xff replacement and calculate m_size
+            void preprocessString();
+
+        public:
+            class const_iterator;
+            using iterator = const_iterator;
+            // note: must be u-suffixed or this will cause a "truncation of
+            // constant value" warning on MSVC
+            static constexpr char sentinel = static_cast<char>( 0xffu );
+
+            explicit AnsiSkippingString( std::string const& text );
+            explicit AnsiSkippingString( std::string&& text );
+
+            const_iterator begin() const;
+            const_iterator end() const;
+
+            size_t size() const { return m_size; }
+
+            std::string substring( const_iterator begin,
+                                   const_iterator end ) const;
+        };
+
+        class AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator {
+            friend AnsiSkippingString;
+            struct EndTag {};
+
+            const std::string* m_string;
+            std::string::const_iterator m_it;
+
+            explicit const_iterator( const std::string& string, EndTag ):
+                m_string( &string ), m_it( string.end() ) {}
+
+            void tryParseAnsiEscapes();
+            void advance();
+            void unadvance();
+
+        public:
+            using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+            using value_type = char;
+            using pointer = value_type*;
+            using reference = value_type&;
+            using iterator_category = std::bidirectional_iterator_tag;
+
+            explicit const_iterator( const std::string& string ):
+                m_string( &string ), m_it( string.begin() ) {
+                tryParseAnsiEscapes();
+            }
+
+            char operator*() const { return *m_it; }
+
+            const_iterator& operator++() {
+                advance();
+                return *this;
+            }
+            const_iterator operator++( int ) {
+                iterator prev( *this );
+                operator++();
+                return prev;
+            }
+            const_iterator& operator--() {
+                unadvance();
+                return *this;
+            }
+            const_iterator operator--( int ) {
+                iterator prev( *this );
+                operator--();
+                return prev;
+            }
+
+            bool operator==( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                return m_it == other.m_it;
+            }
+            bool operator!=( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                return !operator==( other );
+            }
+            bool operator<=( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                return m_it <= other.m_it;
+            }
+
+            const_iterator oneBefore() const {
+                auto it = *this;
+                return --it;
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Represents a column of text with specific width and indentation
+         *
+         * When written out to a stream, it will perform linebreaking
+         * of the provided text so that the written lines fit within
+         * target width.
+         */
+        class Column {
+            // String to be written out
+            AnsiSkippingString m_string;
+            // Width of the column for linebreaking
+            size_t m_width = CATCH_CONFIG_CONSOLE_WIDTH - 1;
+            // Indentation of other lines (including first if initial indent is
+            // unset)
+            size_t m_indent = 0;
+            // Indentation of the first line
+            size_t m_initialIndent = std::string::npos;
+
+        public:
+            /**
+             * Iterates "lines" in `Column` and returns them
+             */
+            class const_iterator {
+                friend Column;
+                struct EndTag {};
+
+                Column const& m_column;
+                // Where does the current line start?
+                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator m_lineStart;
+                // How long should the current line be?
+                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator m_lineEnd;
+                // How far have we checked the string to iterate?
+                AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator m_parsedTo;
+                // Should a '-' be appended to the line?
+                bool m_addHyphen = false;
+
+                const_iterator( Column const& column, EndTag ):
+                    m_column( column ),
+                    m_lineStart( m_column.m_string.end() ),
+                    m_lineEnd( column.m_string.end() ),
+                    m_parsedTo( column.m_string.end() ) {}
+
+                // Calculates the length of the current line
+                void calcLength();
+
+                // Returns current indentation width
+                size_t indentSize() const;
+
+                // Creates an indented and (optionally) suffixed string from
+                // current iterator position, indentation and length.
+                std::string addIndentAndSuffix(
+                    AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator start,
+                    AnsiSkippingString::const_iterator end ) const;
+
+            public:
+                using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+                using value_type = std::string;
+                using pointer = value_type*;
+                using reference = value_type&;
+                using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+                explicit const_iterator( Column const& column );
+
+                std::string operator*() const;
+
+                const_iterator& operator++();
+                const_iterator operator++( int );
+
+                bool operator==( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                    return m_lineStart == other.m_lineStart &&
+                           &m_column == &other.m_column;
+                }
+                bool operator!=( const_iterator const& other ) const {
+                    return !operator==( other );
+                }
+            };
+            using iterator = const_iterator;
+
+            explicit Column( std::string const& text ): m_string( text ) {}
+            explicit Column( std::string&& text ):
+                m_string( CATCH_MOVE( text ) ) {}
+
+            Column& width( size_t newWidth ) & {
+                assert( newWidth > 0 );
+                m_width = newWidth;
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Column&& width( size_t newWidth ) && {
+                assert( newWidth > 0 );
+                m_width = newWidth;
+                return CATCH_MOVE( *this );
+            }
+            Column& indent( size_t newIndent ) & {
+                m_indent = newIndent;
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Column&& indent( size_t newIndent ) && {
+                m_indent = newIndent;
+                return CATCH_MOVE( *this );
+            }
+            Column& initialIndent( size_t newIndent ) & {
+                m_initialIndent = newIndent;
+                return *this;
+            }
+            Column&& initialIndent( size_t newIndent ) && {
+                m_initialIndent = newIndent;
+                return CATCH_MOVE( *this );
+            }
+
+            size_t width() const { return m_width; }
+            const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator( *this ); }
+            const_iterator end() const {
+                return { *this, const_iterator::EndTag{} };
+            }
+
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os,
+                                             Column const& col );
+
+            friend Columns operator+( Column const& lhs, Column const& rhs );
+            friend Columns operator+( Column&& lhs, Column&& rhs );
+        };
+
+        //! Creates a column that serves as an empty space of specific width
+        Column Spacer( size_t spaceWidth );
+
+        class Columns {
+            std::vector<Column> m_columns;
+
+        public:
+            class iterator {
+                friend Columns;
+                struct EndTag {};
+
+                std::vector<Column> const& m_columns;
+                std::vector<Column::const_iterator> m_iterators;
+                size_t m_activeIterators;
+
+                iterator( Columns const& columns, EndTag );
+
+            public:
+                using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+                using value_type = std::string;
+                using pointer = value_type*;
+                using reference = value_type&;
+                using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+                explicit iterator( Columns const& columns );
+
+                auto operator==( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+                    return m_iterators == other.m_iterators;
+                }
+                auto operator!=( iterator const& other ) const -> bool {
+                    return m_iterators != other.m_iterators;
+                }
+                std::string operator*() const;
+                iterator& operator++();
+                iterator operator++( int );
+            };
+            using const_iterator = iterator;
+
+            iterator begin() const { return iterator( *this ); }
+            iterator end() const { return { *this, iterator::EndTag() }; }
+
+            friend Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column const& rhs );
+            friend Columns& operator+=( Columns& lhs, Column&& rhs );
+            friend Columns operator+( Columns const& lhs, Column const& rhs );
+            friend Columns operator+( Columns&& lhs, Column&& rhs );
+
+            friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os,
+                                             Columns const& cols );
+        };
+
+    } // namespace TextFlow
+} // namespace Catch
+#endif // CATCH_TEXTFLOW_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_TO_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_TO_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    template <typename T>
+    std::string to_string(T const& t) {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_CPP11_TO_STRING)
+        return std::to_string(t);
+#else
+        ReusableStringStream rss;
+        rss << t;
+        return rss.str();
+#endif
+    }
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_TO_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    bool uncaught_exceptions();
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_UNCAUGHT_EXCEPTIONS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_XMLWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_XMLWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    enum class XmlFormatting : std::uint8_t {
+        None = 0x00,
+        Indent = 0x01,
+        Newline = 0x02,
+    };
+
+    constexpr XmlFormatting operator|( XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs ) {
+        return static_cast<XmlFormatting>( static_cast<std::uint8_t>( lhs ) |
+                                           static_cast<std::uint8_t>( rhs ) );
+    }
+
+    constexpr XmlFormatting operator&( XmlFormatting lhs, XmlFormatting rhs ) {
+        return static_cast<XmlFormatting>( static_cast<std::uint8_t>( lhs ) &
+                                           static_cast<std::uint8_t>( rhs ) );
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for XML-encoding text (escaping angle brackets, quotes, etc)
+     *
+     * Note: doesn't take ownership of passed strings, and thus the
+     *       encoded string must outlive the encoding instance.
+     */
+    class XmlEncode {
+    public:
+        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
+
+        constexpr XmlEncode( StringRef str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes ):
+            m_str( str ), m_forWhat( forWhat ) {}
+
+
+        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
+
+    private:
+        StringRef m_str;
+        ForWhat m_forWhat;
+    };
+
+    class XmlWriter {
+    public:
+
+        class ScopedElement {
+        public:
+            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer, XmlFormatting fmt );
+
+            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
+            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) noexcept;
+
+            ~ScopedElement();
+
+            ScopedElement&
+            writeText( StringRef text,
+                       XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline |
+                                           XmlFormatting::Indent );
+
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                           StringRef attribute );
+            template <typename T,
+                      // Without this SFINAE, this overload is a better match
+                      // for `std::string`, `char const*`, `char const[N]` args.
+                      // While it would still work, it would cause code bloat
+                      // and multiple iteration over the strings
+                      typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                          !std::is_convertible<T, StringRef>::value>>
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( StringRef name,
+                                           T const& attribute ) {
+                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
+            XmlFormatting m_fmt;
+        };
+
+        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os );
+        ~XmlWriter();
+
+        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+
+        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
+
+        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name, XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
+
+        XmlWriter& endElement(XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline | XmlFormatting::Indent);
+
+        //! The attribute content is XML-encoded
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, StringRef attribute );
+
+        //! Writes the attribute as "true/false"
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, bool attribute );
+
+        //! The attribute content is XML-encoded
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, char const* attribute );
+
+        //! The attribute value must provide op<<(ostream&, T). The resulting
+        //! serialization is XML-encoded
+        template <typename T,
+                  // Without this SFINAE, this overload is a better match
+                  // for `std::string`, `char const*`, `char const[N]` args.
+                  // While it would still work, it would cause code bloat
+                  // and multiple iteration over the strings
+                  typename = typename std::enable_if_t<
+                      !std::is_convertible<T, StringRef>::value>>
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( StringRef name, T const& attribute ) {
+            ReusableStringStream rss;
+            rss << attribute;
+            return writeAttribute( name, rss.str() );
+        }
+
+        //! Writes escaped `text` in a element
+        XmlWriter& writeText( StringRef text,
+                              XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline |
+                                                  XmlFormatting::Indent );
+
+        //! Writes XML comment as "<!-- text -->"
+        XmlWriter& writeComment( StringRef text,
+                                 XmlFormatting fmt = XmlFormatting::Newline |
+                                                     XmlFormatting::Indent );
+
+        void writeStylesheetRef( StringRef url );
+
+        void ensureTagClosed();
+
+    private:
+
+        void applyFormatting(XmlFormatting fmt);
+
+        void writeDeclaration();
+
+        void newlineIfNecessary();
+
+        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        bool m_needsNewline = false;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
+        std::string m_indent;
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_XMLWRITER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's Matcher support. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to matchers.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of increased compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header is added to either the `matchers` folder, or to
+ * the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#    pragma clang diagnostic push
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#    pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnon-virtual-dtor"
+#endif
+
+    template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+    class MatchExpr : public ITransientExpression {
+        ArgT && m_arg;
+        MatcherT const& m_matcher;
+    public:
+        constexpr MatchExpr( ArgT && arg, MatcherT const& matcher )
+        :   ITransientExpression{ true, matcher.match( arg ) }, // not forwarding arg here on purpose
+            m_arg( CATCH_FORWARD(arg) ),
+            m_matcher( matcher )
+        {}
+
+        void streamReconstructedExpression( std::ostream& os ) const override {
+            os << Catch::Detail::stringify( m_arg )
+               << ' '
+               << m_matcher.toString();
+        }
+    };
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#    pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined __GNUC__
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+
+    namespace Matchers {
+        template <typename ArgT>
+        class MatcherBase;
+    }
+
+    using StringMatcher = Matchers::MatcherBase<std::string>;
+
+    void handleExceptionMatchExpr( AssertionHandler& handler, StringMatcher const& matcher );
+
+    template<typename ArgT, typename MatcherT>
+    constexpr MatchExpr<ArgT, MatcherT>
+    makeMatchExpr( ArgT&& arg, MatcherT const& matcher ) {
+        return MatchExpr<ArgT, MatcherT>( CATCH_FORWARD(arg), matcher );
+    }
+
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( macroName, matcher, resultDisposition, arg ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(arg) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+        INTERNAL_CATCH_TRY { \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::makeMatchExpr( arg, matcher ) ); \
+        } INTERNAL_CATCH_CATCH( catchAssertionHandler ) \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( false )
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( macroName, exceptionType, resultDisposition, matcher, ... ) \
+    do { \
+        Catch::AssertionHandler catchAssertionHandler( macroName##_catch_sr, CATCH_INTERNAL_LINEINFO, CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(__VA_ARGS__) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(exceptionType) ", " CATCH_INTERNAL_STRINGIFY(matcher), resultDisposition ); \
+        if( catchAssertionHandler.allowThrows() ) \
+            try { \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_USELESS_CAST_WARNINGS \
+                static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__ ); \
+                CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedExceptionNotThrown(); \
+            } \
+            catch( exceptionType const& ex ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleExpr( Catch::makeMatchExpr( ex, matcher ) ); \
+            } \
+            catch( ... ) { \
+                catchAssertionHandler.handleUnexpectedInflightException(); \
+            } \
+        else \
+            catchAssertionHandler.handleThrowingCallSkipped(); \
+        catchAssertionHandler.complete(); \
+    } while( false )
+
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    class MatcherUntypedBase {
+    public:
+        MatcherUntypedBase() = default;
+
+        MatcherUntypedBase(MatcherUntypedBase const&) = default;
+        MatcherUntypedBase(MatcherUntypedBase&&) = default;
+
+        MatcherUntypedBase& operator = (MatcherUntypedBase const&) = delete;
+        MatcherUntypedBase& operator = (MatcherUntypedBase&&) = delete;
+
+        std::string toString() const;
+
+    protected:
+        virtual ~MatcherUntypedBase(); // = default;
+        virtual std::string describe() const = 0;
+        mutable std::string m_cachedToString;
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class MatcherBase : public MatcherUntypedBase {
+    public:
+        virtual bool match( T const& arg ) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        class MatchAllOf final : public MatcherBase<ArgT> {
+            std::vector<MatcherBase<ArgT> const*> m_matchers;
+
+        public:
+            MatchAllOf() = default;
+            MatchAllOf(MatchAllOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOf& operator=(MatchAllOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOf(MatchAllOf&&) = default;
+            MatchAllOf& operator=(MatchAllOf&&) = default;
+
+
+            bool match( ArgT const& arg ) const override {
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if (!matcher->match(arg))
+                        return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                std::string description;
+                description.reserve( 4 + m_matchers.size()*32 );
+                description += "( ";
+                bool first = true;
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if( first )
+                        first = false;
+                    else
+                        description += " and ";
+                    description += matcher->toString();
+                }
+                description += " )";
+                return description;
+            }
+
+            friend MatchAllOf operator&& (MatchAllOf&& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) {
+                lhs.m_matchers.push_back(&rhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(lhs);
+            }
+            friend MatchAllOf operator&& (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAllOf&& rhs) {
+                rhs.m_matchers.insert(rhs.m_matchers.begin(), &lhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(rhs);
+            }
+        };
+
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAllOf<ArgT> operator&& (MatchAllOf<ArgT> const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAllOf<ArgT> operator&& (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAllOf<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        class MatchAnyOf final : public MatcherBase<ArgT> {
+            std::vector<MatcherBase<ArgT> const*> m_matchers;
+        public:
+            MatchAnyOf() = default;
+            MatchAnyOf(MatchAnyOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOf& operator=(MatchAnyOf const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOf(MatchAnyOf&&) = default;
+            MatchAnyOf& operator=(MatchAnyOf&&) = default;
+
+            bool match( ArgT const& arg ) const override {
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if (matcher->match(arg))
+                        return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                std::string description;
+                description.reserve( 4 + m_matchers.size()*32 );
+                description += "( ";
+                bool first = true;
+                for( auto matcher : m_matchers ) {
+                    if( first )
+                        first = false;
+                    else
+                        description += " or ";
+                    description += matcher->toString();
+                }
+                description += " )";
+                return description;
+            }
+
+            friend MatchAnyOf operator|| (MatchAnyOf&& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) {
+                lhs.m_matchers.push_back(&rhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(lhs);
+            }
+            friend MatchAnyOf operator|| (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAnyOf&& rhs) {
+                rhs.m_matchers.insert(rhs.m_matchers.begin(), &lhs);
+                return CATCH_MOVE(rhs);
+            }
+        };
+
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAnyOf<ArgT> operator|| (MatchAnyOf<ArgT> const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+        //! lvalue overload is intentionally deleted, users should
+        //! not be trying to compose stored composition matchers
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        MatchAnyOf<ArgT> operator|| (MatcherBase<ArgT> const& lhs, MatchAnyOf<ArgT> const& rhs) = delete;
+
+        template<typename ArgT>
+        class MatchNotOf final : public MatcherBase<ArgT> {
+            MatcherBase<ArgT> const& m_underlyingMatcher;
+
+        public:
+            explicit MatchNotOf( MatcherBase<ArgT> const& underlyingMatcher ):
+                m_underlyingMatcher( underlyingMatcher )
+            {}
+
+            bool match( ArgT const& arg ) const override {
+                return !m_underlyingMatcher.match( arg );
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "not " + m_underlyingMatcher.toString();
+            }
+        };
+
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    template <typename T>
+    Detail::MatchAllOf<T> operator&& (MatcherBase<T> const& lhs, MatcherBase<T> const& rhs) {
+        return Detail::MatchAllOf<T>{} && lhs && rhs;
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    Detail::MatchAnyOf<T> operator|| (MatcherBase<T> const& lhs, MatcherBase<T> const& rhs) {
+        return Detail::MatchAnyOf<T>{} || lhs || rhs;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    Detail::MatchNotOf<T> operator! (MatcherBase<T> const& matcher) {
+        return Detail::MatchNotOf<T>{ matcher };
+    }
+
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "CATCH_CHECK_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, arg )
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, arg )
+
+#elif defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                   (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                     (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher )   (void)(0)
+
+  #define CATCH_CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher )                             (void)(0)
+  #define CATCH_REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher )                           (void)(0)
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_STR_MATCHES( "CHECK_THROWS_WITH", Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) INTERNAL_CATCH_THROWS_MATCHES( "CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES", exceptionType, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, matcher, expr )
+
+  #define CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "CHECK_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::ContinueOnFailure, arg )
+  #define REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher ) INTERNAL_CHECK_THAT( "REQUIRE_THAT", matcher, Catch::ResultDisposition::Normal, arg )
+
+#elif !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_PREFIX_ALL) && defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                   (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher ) (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_WITH( expr, matcher )                     (void)(0)
+  #define CHECK_THROWS_MATCHES( expr, exceptionType, matcher )   (void)(0)
+
+  #define CHECK_THAT( arg, matcher )                             (void)(0)
+  #define REQUIRE_THAT( arg, matcher )                           (void)(0)
+
+#endif // end of user facing macro declarations
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINER_PROPERTIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINER_PROPERTIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_TEMPLATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_TEMPLATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <array>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+    class MatcherGenericBase : public MatcherUntypedBase {
+    public:
+        MatcherGenericBase() = default;
+        ~MatcherGenericBase() override; // = default;
+
+        MatcherGenericBase(MatcherGenericBase const&) = default;
+        MatcherGenericBase(MatcherGenericBase&&) = default;
+
+        MatcherGenericBase& operator=(MatcherGenericBase const&) = delete;
+        MatcherGenericBase& operator=(MatcherGenericBase&&) = delete;
+    };
+
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        template<std::size_t N, std::size_t M>
+        std::array<void const*, N + M> array_cat(std::array<void const*, N> && lhs, std::array<void const*, M> && rhs) {
+            std::array<void const*, N + M> arr{};
+            std::copy_n(lhs.begin(), N, arr.begin());
+            std::copy_n(rhs.begin(), M, arr.begin() + N);
+            return arr;
+        }
+
+        template<std::size_t N>
+        std::array<void const*, N+1> array_cat(std::array<void const*, N> && lhs, void const* rhs) {
+            std::array<void const*, N+1> arr{};
+            std::copy_n(lhs.begin(), N, arr.begin());
+            arr[N] = rhs;
+            return arr;
+        }
+
+        template<std::size_t N>
+        std::array<void const*, N+1> array_cat(void const* lhs, std::array<void const*, N> && rhs) {
+            std::array<void const*, N + 1> arr{ {lhs} };
+            std::copy_n(rhs.begin(), N, arr.begin() + 1);
+            return arr;
+        }
+
+        template<typename T>
+        using is_generic_matcher = std::is_base_of<
+            Catch::Matchers::MatcherGenericBase,
+            std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>
+        >;
+
+        template<typename... Ts>
+        using are_generic_matchers = Catch::Detail::conjunction<is_generic_matcher<Ts>...>;
+
+        template<typename T>
+        using is_matcher = std::is_base_of<
+            Catch::Matchers::MatcherUntypedBase,
+            std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>>
+        >;
+
+
+        template<std::size_t N, typename Arg>
+        bool match_all_of(Arg&&, std::array<void const*, N> const&, std::index_sequence<>) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... MatcherTs, std::size_t N, typename Arg, std::size_t Idx, std::size_t... Indices>
+        bool match_all_of(Arg&& arg, std::array<void const*, N> const& matchers, std::index_sequence<Idx, Indices...>) {
+            return static_cast<T const*>(matchers[Idx])->match(arg) && match_all_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, matchers, std::index_sequence<Indices...>{});
+        }
+
+
+        template<std::size_t N, typename Arg>
+        bool match_any_of(Arg&&, std::array<void const*, N> const&, std::index_sequence<>) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... MatcherTs, std::size_t N, typename Arg, std::size_t Idx, std::size_t... Indices>
+        bool match_any_of(Arg&& arg, std::array<void const*, N> const& matchers, std::index_sequence<Idx, Indices...>) {
+            return static_cast<T const*>(matchers[Idx])->match(arg) || match_any_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, matchers, std::index_sequence<Indices...>{});
+        }
+
+        std::string describe_multi_matcher(StringRef combine, std::string const* descriptions_begin, std::string const* descriptions_end);
+
+        template<typename... MatcherTs, std::size_t... Idx>
+        std::string describe_multi_matcher(StringRef combine, std::array<void const*, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> const& matchers, std::index_sequence<Idx...>) {
+            std::array<std::string, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> descriptions {{
+                static_cast<MatcherTs const*>(matchers[Idx])->toString()...
+            }};
+
+            return describe_multi_matcher(combine, descriptions.data(), descriptions.data() + descriptions.size());
+        }
+
+
+        template<typename... MatcherTs>
+        class MatchAllOfGeneric final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            MatchAllOfGeneric(MatchAllOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAllOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAllOfGeneric(MatchAllOfGeneric&&) = default;
+            MatchAllOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAllOfGeneric&&) = default;
+
+            MatchAllOfGeneric(MatcherTs const&... matchers) : m_matchers{ {std::addressof(matchers)...} } {}
+            explicit MatchAllOfGeneric(std::array<void const*, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> matchers) : m_matchers{matchers} {}
+
+            template<typename Arg>
+            bool match(Arg&& arg) const {
+                return match_all_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return describe_multi_matcher<MatcherTs...>(" and "_sr, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+            // Has to be public to enable the concatenating operators
+            // below, because they are not friend of the RHS, only LHS,
+            // and thus cannot access private fields of RHS
+            std::array<void const*, sizeof...( MatcherTs )> m_matchers;
+
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAllOf && GenericAllOf` case
+            template<typename... MatchersRHS>
+            friend
+            MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...> operator && (
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatchersRHS...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAllOf && some matcher` case
+            template<typename MatcherRHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value,
+            MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>> operator && (
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+                return MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), static_cast<void const*>(&rhs))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `some matcher && GenericAllOf` case
+            template<typename MatcherLHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value,
+            MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>> operator && (
+                    MatcherLHS const& lhs,
+                    MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>{array_cat(static_cast<void const*>(std::addressof(lhs)), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        template<typename... MatcherTs>
+        class MatchAnyOfGeneric final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric(MatchAnyOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAnyOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric(MatchAnyOfGeneric&&) = default;
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric& operator=(MatchAnyOfGeneric&&) = default;
+
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric(MatcherTs const&... matchers) : m_matchers{ {std::addressof(matchers)...} } {}
+            explicit MatchAnyOfGeneric(std::array<void const*, sizeof...(MatcherTs)> matchers) : m_matchers{matchers} {}
+
+            template<typename Arg>
+            bool match(Arg&& arg) const {
+                return match_any_of<MatcherTs...>(arg, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return describe_multi_matcher<MatcherTs...>(" or "_sr, m_matchers, std::index_sequence_for<MatcherTs...>{});
+            }
+
+
+            // Has to be public to enable the concatenating operators
+            // below, because they are not friend of the RHS, only LHS,
+            // and thus cannot access private fields of RHS
+            std::array<void const*, sizeof...( MatcherTs )> m_matchers;
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAnyOf || GenericAnyOf` case
+            template<typename... MatchersRHS>
+            friend MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...> operator || (
+                    MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatchersRHS...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatchersRHS...>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `GenericAnyOf || some matcher` case
+            template<typename MatcherRHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value,
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>> operator || (
+                    MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& lhs,
+                    MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+                return MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs..., MatcherRHS>{array_cat(CATCH_MOVE(lhs.m_matchers), static_cast<void const*>(std::addressof(rhs)))};
+            }
+
+            //! Avoids type nesting for `some matcher || GenericAnyOf` case
+            template<typename MatcherLHS>
+            friend std::enable_if_t<is_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value,
+            MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>> operator || (
+                MatcherLHS const& lhs,
+                MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherTs...>&& rhs) {
+                return MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherTs...>{array_cat(static_cast<void const*>(std::addressof(lhs)), CATCH_MOVE(rhs.m_matchers))};
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        template<typename MatcherT>
+        class MatchNotOfGeneric final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            MatcherT const& m_matcher;
+
+        public:
+            MatchNotOfGeneric(MatchNotOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchNotOfGeneric& operator=(MatchNotOfGeneric const&) = delete;
+            MatchNotOfGeneric(MatchNotOfGeneric&&) = default;
+            MatchNotOfGeneric& operator=(MatchNotOfGeneric&&) = default;
+
+            explicit MatchNotOfGeneric(MatcherT const& matcher) : m_matcher{matcher} {}
+
+            template<typename Arg>
+            bool match(Arg&& arg) const {
+                return !m_matcher.match(arg);
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "not " + m_matcher.toString();
+            }
+
+            //! Negating negation can just unwrap and return underlying matcher
+            friend MatcherT const& operator ! (MatchNotOfGeneric<MatcherT> const& matcher) {
+                return matcher.m_matcher;
+            }
+        };
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+
+    // compose only generic matchers
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::are_generic_matchers<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator && (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::are_generic_matchers<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator || (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    //! Wrap provided generic matcher in generic negator
+    template<typename MatcherT>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherT>::value, Detail::MatchNotOfGeneric<MatcherT>>
+        operator ! (MatcherT const& matcher) {
+        return Detail::MatchNotOfGeneric<MatcherT>{matcher};
+    }
+
+
+    // compose mixed generic and non-generic matchers
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename ArgRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value, Detail::MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherBase<ArgRHS>>>
+        operator && (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgRHS> const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename ArgLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAllOfGeneric<MatcherBase<ArgLHS>, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator && (MatcherBase<ArgLHS> const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename MatcherLHS, typename ArgRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherLHS>::value, Detail::MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherLHS, MatcherBase<ArgRHS>>>
+        operator || (MatcherLHS const& lhs, MatcherBase<ArgRHS> const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+    template<typename ArgLHS, typename MatcherRHS>
+    std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_generic_matcher<MatcherRHS>::value, Detail::MatchAnyOfGeneric<MatcherBase<ArgLHS>, MatcherRHS>>
+        operator || (MatcherBase<ArgLHS> const& lhs, MatcherRHS const& rhs) {
+        return { lhs, rhs };
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_TEMPLATED_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+
+        class IsEmptyMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+                using Catch::Detail::empty;
+#else
+                using std::empty;
+#endif
+                return empty(rng);
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override;
+        };
+
+        class HasSizeMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            std::size_t m_target_size;
+        public:
+            explicit HasSizeMatcher(std::size_t target_size):
+                m_target_size(target_size)
+            {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+                using Catch::Detail::size;
+#else
+                using std::size;
+#endif
+                return size(rng) == m_target_size;
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override;
+        };
+
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class SizeMatchesMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            explicit SizeMatchesMatcher(Matcher m):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(m))
+            {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+#if defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POLYFILL_NONMEMBER_CONTAINER_ACCESS)
+                using Catch::Detail::size;
+#else
+                using std::size;
+#endif
+                return m_matcher.match(size(rng));
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "size matches " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        //! Creates a matcher that accepts empty ranges/containers
+        IsEmptyMatcher IsEmpty();
+        //! Creates a matcher that accepts ranges/containers with specific size
+        HasSizeMatcher SizeIs(std::size_t sz);
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_matcher<Matcher>::value,
+        SizeMatchesMatcher<Matcher>> SizeIs(Matcher&& m) {
+            return SizeMatchesMatcher<Matcher>{CATCH_FORWARD(m)};
+        }
+
+    } // end namespace Matchers
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINER_PROPERTIES_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+        //! Matcher for checking that an element in range is equal to specific element
+        template <typename T, typename Equality>
+        class ContainsElementMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            T m_desired;
+            Equality m_eq;
+        public:
+            template <typename T2, typename Equality2>
+            ContainsElementMatcher(T2&& target, Equality2&& predicate):
+                m_desired(CATCH_FORWARD(target)),
+                m_eq(CATCH_FORWARD(predicate))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "contains element " + Catch::Detail::stringify(m_desired);
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match( RangeLike&& rng ) const {
+                for ( auto&& elem : rng ) {
+                    if ( m_eq( elem, m_desired ) ) { return true; }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        //! Meta-matcher for checking that an element in a range matches a specific matcher
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class ContainsMatcherMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            // Note that we do a copy+move to avoid having to SFINAE this
+            // constructor (and also avoid some perfect forwarding failure
+            // cases)
+            ContainsMatcherMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "contains element matching " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks whether a range contains a specific element.
+         *
+         * Uses `std::equal_to` to do the comparison
+         */
+        template <typename T>
+        std::enable_if_t<!Detail::is_matcher<T>::value,
+        ContainsElementMatcher<T, std::equal_to<>>> Contains(T&& elem) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(elem), std::equal_to<>{} };
+        }
+
+        //! Creates a matcher that checks whether a range contains element matching a matcher
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        std::enable_if_t<Detail::is_matcher<Matcher>::value,
+        ContainsMatcherMatcher<Matcher>> Contains(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks whether a range contains a specific element.
+         *
+         * Uses `eq` to do the comparisons, the element is provided on the rhs
+         */
+        template <typename T, typename Equality>
+        ContainsElementMatcher<T, Equality> Contains(T&& elem, Equality&& eq) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(elem), CATCH_FORWARD(eq) };
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_CONTAINS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+class ExceptionMessageMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::exception> {
+    std::string m_message;
+public:
+
+    ExceptionMessageMatcher(std::string const& message):
+        m_message(message)
+    {}
+
+    bool match(std::exception const& ex) const override;
+
+    std::string describe() const override;
+};
+
+//! Creates a matcher that checks whether a std derived exception has the provided message
+ExceptionMessageMatcher Message(std::string const& message);
+
+template <typename StringMatcherType>
+class ExceptionMessageMatchesMatcher final
+    : public MatcherBase<std::exception> {
+    StringMatcherType m_matcher;
+
+public:
+    ExceptionMessageMatchesMatcher( StringMatcherType matcher ):
+        m_matcher( CATCH_MOVE( matcher ) ) {}
+
+    bool match( std::exception const& ex ) const override {
+        return m_matcher.match( ex.what() );
+    }
+
+    std::string describe() const override {
+        return " matches \"" + m_matcher.describe() + '"';
+    }
+};
+
+//! Creates a matcher that checks whether a message from an std derived
+//! exception matches a provided matcher
+template <typename StringMatcherType>
+ExceptionMessageMatchesMatcher<StringMatcherType>
+MessageMatches( StringMatcherType&& matcher ) {
+    return { CATCH_FORWARD( matcher ) };
+}
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_EXCEPTION_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_FLOATING_POINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_FLOATING_POINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+        enum class FloatingPointKind : uint8_t;
+    }
+
+    class  WithinAbsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        WithinAbsMatcher(double target, double margin);
+        bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    private:
+        double m_target;
+        double m_margin;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts numbers within certain range of target
+    WithinAbsMatcher WithinAbs( double target, double margin );
+
+
+
+    class WithinUlpsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        WithinUlpsMatcher( double target,
+                           uint64_t ulps,
+                           Detail::FloatingPointKind baseType );
+        bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    private:
+        double m_target;
+        uint64_t m_ulps;
+        Detail::FloatingPointKind m_type;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within certain ULP range of target
+    WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(double target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts floats within certain ULP range of target
+    WithinUlpsMatcher WithinULP(float target, uint64_t maxUlpDiff);
+
+
+
+    // Given IEEE-754 format for floats and doubles, we can assume
+    // that float -> double promotion is lossless. Given this, we can
+    // assume that if we do the standard relative comparison of
+    // |lhs - rhs| <= epsilon * max(fabs(lhs), fabs(rhs)), then we get
+    // the same result if we do this for floats, as if we do this for
+    // doubles that were promoted from floats.
+    class WithinRelMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        WithinRelMatcher( double target, double epsilon );
+        bool match(double const& matchee) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    private:
+        double m_target;
+        double m_epsilon;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within certain relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target, double eps);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within 100*DBL_EPS relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(double target);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts doubles within certain relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target, float eps);
+    //! Creates a matcher that accepts floats within 100*FLT_EPS relative range of target
+    WithinRelMatcher WithinRel(float target);
+
+
+
+    class IsNaNMatcher final : public MatcherBase<double> {
+    public:
+        IsNaNMatcher() = default;
+        bool match( double const& matchee ) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    };
+
+    IsNaNMatcher IsNaN();
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_FLOATING_POINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_PREDICATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_PREDICATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+namespace Detail {
+    std::string finalizeDescription(const std::string& desc);
+} // namespace Detail
+
+template <typename T, typename Predicate>
+class PredicateMatcher final : public MatcherBase<T> {
+    Predicate m_predicate;
+    std::string m_description;
+public:
+
+    PredicateMatcher(Predicate&& elem, std::string const& descr)
+        :m_predicate(CATCH_FORWARD(elem)),
+        m_description(Detail::finalizeDescription(descr))
+    {}
+
+    bool match( T const& item ) const override {
+        return m_predicate(item);
+    }
+
+    std::string describe() const override {
+        return m_description;
+    }
+};
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a matcher that calls delegates `match` to the provided predicate.
+     *
+     * The user has to explicitly specify the argument type to the matcher
+     */
+    template<typename T, typename Pred>
+    PredicateMatcher<T, Pred> Predicate(Pred&& predicate, std::string const& description = "") {
+        static_assert(is_callable<Pred(T)>::value, "Predicate not callable with argument T");
+        static_assert(std::is_same<bool, FunctionReturnType<Pred, T>>::value, "Predicate does not return bool");
+        return PredicateMatcher<T, Pred>(CATCH_FORWARD(predicate), description);
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_PREDICATE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_QUANTIFIERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_QUANTIFIERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+        // Matcher for checking that all elements in range matches a given matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class AllMatchMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            AllMatchMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "all match " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (!m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that no element in range matches a given matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class NoneMatchMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            NoneMatchMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "none match " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that at least one element in range matches a given matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        class AnyMatchMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            Matcher m_matcher;
+        public:
+            AnyMatchMatcher(Matcher matcher):
+                m_matcher(CATCH_MOVE(matcher))
+            {}
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "any match " + m_matcher.describe();
+            }
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (m_matcher.match(elem)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that all elements in range are true.
+        class AllTrueMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            std::string describe() const override;
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (!elem) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that no element in range is true.
+        class NoneTrueMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            std::string describe() const override;
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (elem) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Matcher for checking that any element in range is true.
+        class AnyTrueMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+        public:
+            std::string describe() const override;
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            bool match(RangeLike&& rng) const {
+                for (auto&& elem : rng) {
+                    if (elem) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether all elements in a range match a matcher
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        AllMatchMatcher<Matcher> AllMatch(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether no element in a range matches a matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        NoneMatchMatcher<Matcher> NoneMatch(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether any element in a range matches a matcher.
+        template <typename Matcher>
+        AnyMatchMatcher<Matcher> AnyMatch(Matcher&& matcher) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD(matcher) };
+        }
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether all elements in a range are true
+        AllTrueMatcher AllTrue();
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether no element in a range is true
+        NoneTrueMatcher NoneTrue();
+
+        // Creates a matcher that checks whether any element in a range is true
+        AnyTrueMatcher AnyTrue();
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_QUANTIFIERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_RANGE_EQUALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_RANGE_EQUALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    namespace Matchers {
+
+        /**
+         * Matcher for checking that an element contains the same
+         * elements in the same order
+         */
+        template <typename TargetRangeLike, typename Equality>
+        class RangeEqualsMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            TargetRangeLike m_desired;
+            Equality m_predicate;
+
+        public:
+            template <typename TargetRangeLike2, typename Equality2>
+            constexpr
+            RangeEqualsMatcher( TargetRangeLike2&& range,
+                                Equality2&& predicate ):
+                m_desired( CATCH_FORWARD( range ) ),
+                m_predicate( CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) ) {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            constexpr
+            bool match( RangeLike&& rng ) const {
+                auto rng_start = begin( rng );
+                const auto rng_end = end( rng );
+                auto target_start = begin( m_desired );
+                const auto target_end = end( m_desired );
+
+                while (rng_start != rng_end && target_start != target_end) {
+                    if (!m_predicate(*rng_start, *target_start)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    ++rng_start;
+                    ++target_start;
+                }
+                return rng_start == rng_end && target_start == target_end;
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "elements are " + Catch::Detail::stringify( m_desired );
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Matcher for checking that an element contains the same
+         * elements (but not necessarily in the same order)
+         */
+        template <typename TargetRangeLike, typename Equality>
+        class UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher final : public MatcherGenericBase {
+            TargetRangeLike m_desired;
+            Equality m_predicate;
+
+        public:
+            template <typename TargetRangeLike2, typename Equality2>
+            constexpr
+            UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher( TargetRangeLike2&& range,
+                                         Equality2&& predicate ):
+                m_desired( CATCH_FORWARD( range ) ),
+                m_predicate( CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) ) {}
+
+            template <typename RangeLike>
+            constexpr
+            bool match( RangeLike&& rng ) const {
+                using std::begin;
+                using std::end;
+                return Catch::Detail::is_permutation( begin( m_desired ),
+                                                      end( m_desired ),
+                                                      begin( rng ),
+                                                      end( rng ),
+                                                      m_predicate );
+            }
+
+            std::string describe() const override {
+                return "unordered elements are " +
+                       ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_desired );
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range.
+         *
+         * Uses `std::equal_to` to do the comparison
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike>
+        constexpr
+        std::enable_if_t<!Detail::is_matcher<RangeLike>::value,
+                         RangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, std::equal_to<>>>
+        RangeEquals( RangeLike&& range ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), std::equal_to<>{} };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range.
+         *
+         * Uses to provided predicate `predicate` to do the comparisons
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike, typename Equality>
+        constexpr
+        RangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, Equality>
+        RangeEquals( RangeLike&& range, Equality&& predicate ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range, in some permutation
+         *
+         * Uses `std::equal_to` to do the comparison
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike>
+        constexpr
+        std::enable_if_t<
+            !Detail::is_matcher<RangeLike>::value,
+            UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, std::equal_to<>>>
+        UnorderedRangeEquals( RangeLike&& range ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), std::equal_to<>{} };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a matcher that checks if all elements in a range are equal
+         * to all elements in another range, in some permutation.
+         *
+         * Uses to provided predicate `predicate` to do the comparisons
+         */
+        template <typename RangeLike, typename Equality>
+        constexpr
+        UnorderedRangeEqualsMatcher<RangeLike, Equality>
+        UnorderedRangeEquals( RangeLike&& range, Equality&& predicate ) {
+            return { CATCH_FORWARD( range ), CATCH_FORWARD( predicate ) };
+        }
+    } // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_RANGE_EQUALS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    struct CasedString {
+        CasedString( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity );
+        std::string adjustString( std::string const& str ) const;
+        StringRef caseSensitivitySuffix() const;
+
+        CaseSensitive m_caseSensitivity;
+        std::string m_str;
+    };
+
+    class StringMatcherBase : public MatcherBase<std::string> {
+    protected:
+        CasedString m_comparator;
+        StringRef m_operation;
+
+    public:
+        StringMatcherBase( StringRef operation,
+                           CasedString const& comparator );
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    };
+
+    class StringEqualsMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        StringEqualsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+    class StringContainsMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        StringContainsMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+    class StartsWithMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        StartsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+    class EndsWithMatcher final : public StringMatcherBase {
+    public:
+        EndsWithMatcher( CasedString const& comparator );
+        bool match( std::string const& source ) const override;
+    };
+
+    class RegexMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::string> {
+        std::string m_regex;
+        CaseSensitive m_caseSensitivity;
+
+    public:
+        RegexMatcher( std::string regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity );
+        bool match( std::string const& matchee ) const override;
+        std::string describe() const override;
+    };
+
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that are exactly equal to `str`
+    StringEqualsMatcher Equals( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that contain `str`
+    StringContainsMatcher ContainsSubstring( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that _end_ with `str`
+    EndsWithMatcher EndsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings that _start_ with `str`
+    StartsWithMatcher StartsWith( std::string const& str, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+    //! Creates matcher that accepts strings matching `regex`
+    RegexMatcher Matches( std::string const& regex, CaseSensitive caseSensitivity = CaseSensitive::Yes );
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_STRING_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_MATCHERS_VECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_MATCHERS_VECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace Catch {
+namespace Matchers {
+
+    template<typename T, typename Alloc>
+    class VectorContainsElementMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, Alloc>> {
+        T const& m_comparator;
+
+    public:
+        VectorContainsElementMatcher(T const& comparator):
+            m_comparator(comparator)
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, Alloc> const& v) const override {
+            for (auto const& el : v) {
+                if (el == m_comparator) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "Contains: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class ContainsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
+
+    public:
+        ContainsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator):
+            m_comparator( comparator )
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& v) const override {
+            // !TBD: see note in EqualsMatcher
+            if (m_comparator.size() > v.size())
+                return false;
+            for (auto const& comparator : m_comparator) {
+                auto present = false;
+                for (const auto& el : v) {
+                    if (el == comparator) {
+                        present = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!present) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "Contains: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class EqualsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
+
+    public:
+        EqualsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator):
+            m_comparator( comparator )
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& v) const override {
+            // !TBD: This currently works if all elements can be compared using !=
+            // - a more general approach would be via a compare template that defaults
+            // to using !=. but could be specialised for, e.g. std::vector<T> etc
+            // - then just call that directly
+            if ( m_comparator.size() != v.size() ) { return false; }
+            for ( std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i ) {
+                if ( !( m_comparator[i] == v[i] ) ) { return false; }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "Equals: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class ApproxMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_comparator;
+        mutable Catch::Approx approx = Catch::Approx::custom();
+
+    public:
+        ApproxMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator):
+            m_comparator( comparator )
+        {}
+
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& v) const override {
+            if (m_comparator.size() != v.size())
+                return false;
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
+                if (m_comparator[i] != approx(v[i]))
+                    return false;
+            return true;
+        }
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "is approx: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify( m_comparator );
+        }
+        template <typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        ApproxMatcher& epsilon( T const& newEpsilon ) {
+            approx.epsilon(static_cast<double>(newEpsilon));
+            return *this;
+        }
+        template <typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        ApproxMatcher& margin( T const& newMargin ) {
+            approx.margin(static_cast<double>(newMargin));
+            return *this;
+        }
+        template <typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>>
+        ApproxMatcher& scale( T const& newScale ) {
+            approx.scale(static_cast<double>(newScale));
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp, typename AllocMatch>
+    class UnorderedEqualsMatcher final : public MatcherBase<std::vector<T, AllocMatch>> {
+        std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& m_target;
+
+    public:
+        UnorderedEqualsMatcher(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& target):
+            m_target(target)
+        {}
+        bool match(std::vector<T, AllocMatch> const& vec) const override {
+            if (m_target.size() != vec.size()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return std::is_permutation(m_target.begin(), m_target.end(), vec.begin());
+        }
+
+        std::string describe() const override {
+            return "UnorderedEquals: " + ::Catch::Detail::stringify(m_target);
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    // The following functions create the actual matcher objects.
+    // This allows the types to be inferred
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that contain all elements in `comparator`
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    ContainsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Contains( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
+        return ContainsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that contain `comparator` as an element
+    template<typename T, typename Alloc = std::allocator<T>>
+    VectorContainsElementMatcher<T, Alloc> VectorContains( T const& comparator ) {
+        return VectorContainsElementMatcher<T, Alloc>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that are exactly equal to `comparator`
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    EqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Equals( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
+        return EqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that `comparator` as an element
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    ApproxMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> Approx( std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& comparator ) {
+        return ApproxMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(comparator);
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a matcher that matches vectors that is equal to `target` modulo permutation
+    template<typename T, typename AllocComp = std::allocator<T>, typename AllocMatch = AllocComp>
+    UnorderedEqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch> UnorderedEquals(std::vector<T, AllocComp> const& target) {
+        return UnorderedEqualsMatcher<T, AllocComp, AllocMatch>(target);
+    }
+
+} // namespace Matchers
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_VECTOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_MATCHERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+/** \file
+ * This is a convenience header for Catch2's Reporter support. It includes
+ * **all** of Catch2 headers related to reporters, including all reporters.
+ *
+ * Generally the Catch2 users should use specific includes they need,
+ * but this header can be used instead for ease-of-experimentation, or
+ * just plain convenience, at the cost of (significantly) increased
+ * compilation times.
+ *
+ * When a new header (reporter) is added to either the `reporter` folder,
+ * or to the corresponding internal subfolder, it should be added here.
+ */
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_STREAMING_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_STREAMING_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_COMMON_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_COMMON_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class ColourImpl;
+
+    /**
+     * This is the base class for all reporters.
+     *
+     * If are writing a reporter, you must derive from this type, or one
+     * of the helper reporter bases that are derived from this type.
+     *
+     * ReporterBase centralizes handling of various common tasks in reporters,
+     * like storing the right stream for the reporters to write to, and
+     * providing the default implementation of the different listing events.
+     */
+    class ReporterBase : public IEventListener {
+    protected:
+        //! The stream wrapper as passed to us by outside code
+        Detail::unique_ptr<IStream> m_wrapped_stream;
+        //! Cached output stream from `m_wrapped_stream` to reduce
+        //! number of indirect calls needed to write output.
+        std::ostream& m_stream;
+        //! Colour implementation this reporter was configured for
+        Detail::unique_ptr<ColourImpl> m_colour;
+        //! The custom reporter options user passed down to the reporter
+        std::map<std::string, std::string> m_customOptions;
+
+    public:
+        ReporterBase( ReporterConfig&& config );
+        ~ReporterBase() override; // = default;
+
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of reporters.
+         *
+         * Should look roughly like the reporter listing in v2 and earlier
+         * versions of Catch2.
+         */
+        void listReporters(
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of listeners
+         *
+         * Looks similarly to listing of reporters, but with listener type
+         * instead of reporter name.
+         */
+        void listListeners(
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of tests.
+         *
+         * Should look roughly like the test listing in v2 and earlier versions
+         * of Catch2. Especially supports low-verbosity listing that mimics the
+         * old `--list-test-names-only` output.
+         */
+        void listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) override;
+        /**
+         * Provides a simple default listing of tags.
+         *
+         * Should look roughly like the tag listing in v2 and earlier versions
+         * of Catch2.
+         */
+        void listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags ) override;
+    };
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_COMMON_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class StreamingReporterBase : public ReporterBase {
+    public:
+        // GCC5 compat: we cannot use inherited constructor, because it
+        //              doesn't implement backport of P0136
+        StreamingReporterBase(ReporterConfig&& _config):
+            ReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(_config))
+        {}
+        ~StreamingReporterBase() override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef ) override {}
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) override {}
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) override {}
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef ) override {}
+
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef /*error*/ ) override {}
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef /*unmatchedSpec*/ ) override {}
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef /*invalidArgument*/ ) override {}
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo ) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& _testInfo) override  {
+            currentTestCaseInfo = &_testInfo;
+        }
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) override {
+            m_sectionStack.push_back(_sectionInfo);
+        }
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& ) override {}
+
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& /* _sectionStats */) override {
+            m_sectionStack.pop_back();
+        }
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& /* _testCaseStats */) override {
+            currentTestCaseInfo = nullptr;
+        }
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& /* _testRunStats */ ) override;
+
+        void skipTest(TestCaseInfo const&) override {
+            // Don't do anything with this by default.
+            // It can optionally be overridden in the derived class.
+        }
+
+    protected:
+        TestRunInfo currentTestRunInfo{ "test run has not started yet"_sr };
+        TestCaseInfo const* currentTestCaseInfo = nullptr;
+
+        //! Stack of all _active_ sections in the _current_ test case
+        std::vector<SectionInfo> m_sectionStack;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_STREAMING_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class AutomakeReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        // GCC5 compat: we cannot use inherited constructor, because it
+        //              doesn't implement backport of P0136
+        AutomakeReporter(ReporterConfig&& _config):
+            StreamingReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(_config))
+        {}
+        ~AutomakeReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results in the format of Automake .trs files"s;
+        }
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) override;
+        void skipTest(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) override;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_AUTOMAKE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_COMPACT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_COMPACT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class CompactReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        using StreamingReporterBase::StreamingReporterBase;
+
+        ~CompactReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& _testInfo ) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
+
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_COMPACT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    // Fwd decls
+    class TablePrinter;
+
+    class ConsoleReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+        Detail::unique_ptr<TablePrinter> m_tablePrinter;
+
+    public:
+        ConsoleReporter(ReporterConfig&& config);
+        ~ConsoleReporter() override;
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& _sectionInfo) override;
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& _sectionStats) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const& info) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const& stats) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& _testCaseStats) override;
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
+        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& _testRunInfo) override;
+
+    private:
+        void lazyPrint();
+
+        void lazyPrintWithoutClosingBenchmarkTable();
+        void lazyPrintRunInfo();
+        void printTestCaseAndSectionHeader();
+
+        void printClosedHeader(std::string const& _name);
+        void printOpenHeader(std::string const& _name);
+
+        // if string has a : in first line will set indent to follow it on
+        // subsequent lines
+        void printHeaderString(std::string const& _string, std::size_t indent = 0);
+
+        void printTotalsDivider(Totals const& totals);
+
+        bool m_headerPrinted = false;
+        bool m_testRunInfoPrinted = false;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_CONSOLE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_CUMULATIVE_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_CUMULATIVE_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        //! Represents either an assertion or a benchmark result to be handled by cumulative reporter later
+        class AssertionOrBenchmarkResult {
+            // This should really be a variant, but this is much faster
+            // to write and the data layout here is already terrible
+            // enough that we do not have to care about the object size.
+            Optional<AssertionStats> m_assertion;
+            Optional<BenchmarkStats<>> m_benchmark;
+        public:
+            AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(AssertionStats const& assertion);
+            AssertionOrBenchmarkResult(BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmark);
+
+            bool isAssertion() const;
+            bool isBenchmark() const;
+
+            AssertionStats const& asAssertion() const;
+            BenchmarkStats<> const& asBenchmark() const;
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility base for reporters that need to handle all results at once
+     *
+     * It stores tree of all test cases, sections and assertions, and after the
+     * test run is finished, calls into `testRunEndedCumulative` to pass the
+     * control to the deriving class.
+     *
+     * If you are deriving from this class and override any testing related
+     * member functions, you should first call into the base's implementation to
+     * avoid breaking the tree construction.
+     *
+     * Due to the way this base functions, it has to expand assertions up-front,
+     * even if they are later unused (e.g. because the deriving reporter does
+     * not report successful assertions, or because the deriving reporter does
+     * not use assertion expansion at all). Derived classes can use two
+     * customization points, `m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions` and
+     * `m_shouldStoreFailedAssertions`, to disable the expansion and gain extra
+     * performance. **Accessing the assertion expansions if it wasn't stored is
+     * UB.**
+     */
+    class CumulativeReporterBase : public ReporterBase {
+    public:
+        template<typename T, typename ChildNodeT>
+        struct Node {
+            explicit Node( T const& _value ) : value( _value ) {}
+
+            using ChildNodes = std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<ChildNodeT>>;
+            T value;
+            ChildNodes children;
+        };
+        struct SectionNode {
+            explicit SectionNode(SectionStats const& _stats) : stats(_stats) {}
+
+            bool operator == (SectionNode const& other) const {
+                return stats.sectionInfo.lineInfo == other.stats.sectionInfo.lineInfo;
+            }
+
+            bool hasAnyAssertions() const;
+
+            SectionStats stats;
+            std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<SectionNode>> childSections;
+            std::vector<Detail::AssertionOrBenchmarkResult> assertionsAndBenchmarks;
+            std::string stdOut;
+            std::string stdErr;
+        };
+
+
+        using TestCaseNode = Node<TestCaseStats, SectionNode>;
+        using TestRunNode = Node<TestRunStats, TestCaseNode>;
+
+        // GCC5 compat: we cannot use inherited constructor, because it
+        //              doesn't implement backport of P0136
+        CumulativeReporterBase(ReporterConfig&& _config):
+            ReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(_config))
+        {}
+        ~CumulativeReporterBase() override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef ) override {}
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) override {}
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef ) override {}
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef ) override {}
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef ) override {}
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef /*error*/ ) override {}
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& ) override {}
+
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& ) override {}
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& ) override {}
+
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const&, uint64_t ) override {}
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) override;
+        //! Customization point: called after last test finishes (testRunEnded has been handled)
+        virtual void testRunEndedCumulative() = 0;
+
+        void skipTest(TestCaseInfo const&) override {}
+
+    protected:
+        //! Should the cumulative base store the assertion expansion for successful assertions?
+        bool m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions = true;
+        //! Should the cumulative base store the assertion expansion for failed assertions?
+        bool m_shouldStoreFailedAssertions = true;
+
+        // We need lazy construction here. We should probably refactor it
+        // later, after the events are redone.
+        //! The root node of the test run tree.
+        Detail::unique_ptr<TestRunNode> m_testRun;
+
+    private:
+        // Note: We rely on pointer identity being stable, which is why
+        //       we store pointers to the nodes rather than the values.
+        std::vector<Detail::unique_ptr<TestCaseNode>> m_testCases;
+        // Root section of the _current_ test case
+        Detail::unique_ptr<SectionNode> m_rootSection;
+        // Deepest section of the _current_ test case
+        SectionNode* m_deepestSection = nullptr;
+        // Stack of _active_ sections in the _current_ test case
+        std::vector<SectionNode*> m_sectionStack;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_CUMULATIVE_BASE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_EVENT_LISTENER_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_EVENT_LISTENER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    /**
+     * Base class to simplify implementing listeners.
+     *
+     * Provides empty default implementation for all IEventListener member
+     * functions, so that a listener implementation can pick which
+     * member functions it actually cares about.
+     */
+    class EventListenerBase : public IEventListener {
+    public:
+        using IEventListener::IEventListener;
+
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) override;
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listListeners(
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) override;
+        void listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tagInfos ) override;
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) override;
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo,
+                                      uint64_t partNumber ) override;
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats,
+                                   uint64_t partNumber ) override;
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) override;
+        void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_EVENT_LISTENER_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class IConfig;
+    class TestCaseHandle;
+    class ColourImpl;
+
+    // Returns double formatted as %.3f (format expected on output)
+    std::string getFormattedDuration( double duration );
+
+    //! Should the reporter show duration of test given current configuration?
+    bool shouldShowDuration( IConfig const& config, double duration );
+
+    std::string serializeFilters( std::vector<std::string> const& filters );
+
+    struct lineOfChars {
+        char c;
+        constexpr lineOfChars( char c_ ): c( c_ ) {}
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& out, lineOfChars value );
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Lists reporter descriptions to the provided stream in user-friendly
+     * format
+     *
+     * Used as the default listing implementation by the first party reporter
+     * bases. The output should be backwards compatible with the output of
+     * Catch2 v2 binaries.
+     */
+    void
+    defaultListReporters( std::ostream& out,
+                          std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions,
+                          Verbosity verbosity );
+
+    /**
+     * Lists listeners descriptions to the provided stream in user-friendly
+     * format
+     */
+    void defaultListListeners( std::ostream& out,
+                               std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions );
+
+    /**
+     * Lists tag information to the provided stream in user-friendly format
+     *
+     * Used as the default listing implementation by the first party reporter
+     * bases. The output should be backwards compatible with the output of
+     * Catch2 v2 binaries.
+     */
+    void defaultListTags( std::ostream& out, std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags, bool isFiltered );
+
+    /**
+     * Lists test case information to the provided stream in user-friendly
+     * format
+     *
+     * Used as the default listing implementation by the first party reporter
+     * bases. The output is backwards compatible with the output of Catch2
+     * v2 binaries, and also supports the format specific to the old
+     * `--list-test-names-only` option, for people who used it in integrations.
+     */
+    void defaultListTests( std::ostream& out,
+                           ColourImpl* streamColour,
+                           std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests,
+                           bool isFiltered,
+                           Verbosity verbosity );
+
+    /**
+     * Prints test run totals to the provided stream in user-friendly format
+     *
+     * Used by the console and compact reporters.
+     */
+    void printTestRunTotals( std::ostream& stream,
+                      ColourImpl& streamColour,
+                      Totals const& totals );
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_HELPERS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_JSON_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_JSON_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <stack>
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class JsonReporter : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        JsonReporter( ReporterConfig&& config );
+
+        ~JsonReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+    public: // StreamingReporterBase
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& runStats ) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& tcInfo ) override;
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats ) override;
+
+        void testCasePartialStarting( TestCaseInfo const& tcInfo,
+                                      uint64_t index ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded( TestCaseStats const& tcStats,
+                                   uint64_t index ) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) override;
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+
+        //void testRunEndedCumulative() override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(
+            std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listListeners(
+            std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions ) override;
+        void listTests( std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests ) override;
+        void listTags( std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags ) override;
+
+    private:
+        Timer m_testCaseTimer;
+        enum class Writer {
+            Object,
+            Array
+        };
+
+        JsonArrayWriter& startArray();
+        JsonArrayWriter& startArray( StringRef key );
+
+        JsonObjectWriter& startObject();
+        JsonObjectWriter& startObject( StringRef key );
+
+        void endObject();
+        void endArray();
+
+        bool isInside( Writer writer );
+
+        void startListing();
+        void endListing();
+
+        // Invariant:
+        // When m_writers is not empty and its top element is
+        // - Writer::Object, then m_objectWriters is not be empty
+        // - Writer::Array,  then m_arrayWriters shall not be empty
+        std::stack<JsonObjectWriter> m_objectWriters{};
+        std::stack<JsonArrayWriter> m_arrayWriters{};
+        std::stack<Writer> m_writers{};
+
+        bool m_startedListing = false;
+
+        // std::size_t m_sectionDepth = 0;
+        // std::size_t m_sectionStarted = 0;
+    };
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_JSON_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_JUNIT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_JUNIT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class JunitReporter final : public CumulativeReporterBase {
+    public:
+        JunitReporter(ReporterConfig&& _config);
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& runInfo) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testCaseInfo) override;
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEndedCumulative() override;
+
+    private:
+        void writeRun(TestRunNode const& testRunNode, double suiteTime);
+
+        void writeTestCase(TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode);
+
+        void writeSection( std::string const& className,
+                           std::string const& rootName,
+                           SectionNode const& sectionNode,
+                           bool testOkToFail );
+
+        void writeAssertions(SectionNode const& sectionNode);
+        void writeAssertion(AssertionStats const& stats);
+
+        XmlWriter xml;
+        Timer suiteTimer;
+        std::string stdOutForSuite;
+        std::string stdErrForSuite;
+        unsigned int unexpectedExceptions = 0;
+        bool m_okToFail = false;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_JUNIT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_MULTI_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_MULTI_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class MultiReporter final : public IEventListener {
+        /*
+         * Stores all added reporters and listeners
+         *
+         * All Listeners are stored before all reporters, and individual
+         * listeners/reporters are stored in order of insertion.
+         */
+        std::vector<IEventListenerPtr> m_reporterLikes;
+        bool m_haveNoncapturingReporters = false;
+
+        // Keep track of how many listeners we have already inserted,
+        // so that we can insert them into the main vector at the right place
+        size_t m_insertedListeners = 0;
+
+        void updatePreferences(IEventListener const& reporterish);
+
+    public:
+        using IEventListener::IEventListener;
+
+        void addListener( IEventListenerPtr&& listener );
+        void addReporter( IEventListenerPtr&& reporter );
+
+    public: // IEventListener
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+        void fatalErrorEncountered( StringRef error ) override;
+        void reportInvalidTestSpec( StringRef arg ) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting( BenchmarkInfo const& benchmarkInfo ) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded( BenchmarkStats<> const& benchmarkStats ) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) override;
+        void testCaseStarting( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+        void testCasePartialStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo, uint64_t partNumber) override;
+        void sectionStarting( SectionInfo const& sectionInfo ) override;
+        void assertionStarting( AssertionInfo const& assertionInfo ) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded( AssertionStats const& assertionStats ) override;
+        void sectionEnded( SectionStats const& sectionStats ) override;
+        void testCasePartialEnded(TestCaseStats const& testStats, uint64_t partNumber) override;
+        void testCaseEnded( TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& testRunStats ) override;
+
+        void skipTest( TestCaseInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) override;
+        void listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) override;
+
+
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_MULTI_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRARS_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRARS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    namespace Detail {
+
+        template <typename T, typename = void>
+        struct has_description : std::false_type {};
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct has_description<
+            T,
+            void_t<decltype( T::getDescription() )>>
+            : std::true_type {};
+
+        //! Indirection for reporter registration, so that the error handling is
+        //! independent on the reporter's concrete type
+        void registerReporterImpl( std::string const& name,
+                                   IReporterFactoryPtr reporterPtr );
+        //! Actually registers the factory, independent on listener's concrete type
+        void registerListenerImpl( Detail::unique_ptr<EventListenerFactory> listenerFactory );
+    } // namespace Detail
+
+    class IEventListener;
+    using IEventListenerPtr = Detail::unique_ptr<IEventListener>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ReporterFactory : public IReporterFactory {
+
+        IEventListenerPtr create( ReporterConfig&& config ) const override {
+            return Detail::make_unique<T>( CATCH_MOVE(config) );
+        }
+
+        std::string getDescription() const override {
+            return T::getDescription();
+        }
+    };
+
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class ReporterRegistrar {
+    public:
+        explicit ReporterRegistrar( std::string const& name ) {
+            registerReporterImpl( name,
+                                  Detail::make_unique<ReporterFactory<T>>() );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class ListenerRegistrar {
+
+        class TypedListenerFactory : public EventListenerFactory {
+            StringRef m_listenerName;
+
+            std::string getDescriptionImpl( std::true_type ) const {
+                return T::getDescription();
+            }
+
+            std::string getDescriptionImpl( std::false_type ) const {
+                return "(No description provided)";
+            }
+
+        public:
+            TypedListenerFactory( StringRef listenerName ):
+                m_listenerName( listenerName ) {}
+
+            IEventListenerPtr create( IConfig const* config ) const override {
+                return Detail::make_unique<T>( config );
+            }
+
+            StringRef getName() const override {
+                return m_listenerName;
+            }
+
+            std::string getDescription() const override {
+                return getDescriptionImpl( Detail::has_description<T>{} );
+            }
+        };
+
+    public:
+        ListenerRegistrar(StringRef listenerName) {
+            registerListenerImpl( Detail::make_unique<TypedListenerFactory>(listenerName) );
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+#    define CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER( name, reporterType )                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                              \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                               \
+        namespace {                                                            \
+            Catch::ReporterRegistrar<reporterType> INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( \
+                catch_internal_RegistrarFor )( name );                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#    define CATCH_REGISTER_LISTENER( listenerType )                            \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_START_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION                              \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_GLOBALS_WARNINGS                               \
+        namespace {                                                            \
+            Catch::ListenerRegistrar<listenerType> INTERNAL_CATCH_UNIQUE_NAME( \
+                catch_internal_RegistrarFor )( #listenerType##_catch_sr );     \
+        }                                                                      \
+        CATCH_INTERNAL_STOP_WARNINGS_SUPPRESSION
+
+#else // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, reporterType)
+#define CATCH_REGISTER_LISTENER(listenerType)
+
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_REGISTRARS_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_SONARQUBE_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_SONARQUBE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class SonarQubeReporter final : public CumulativeReporterBase {
+    public:
+        SonarQubeReporter(ReporterConfig&& config)
+        : CumulativeReporterBase(CATCH_MOVE(config))
+        , xml(m_stream) {
+            m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+            m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = false;
+            m_shouldStoreSuccesfulAssertions = false;
+        }
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results in the Generic Test Data SonarQube XML format"s;
+        }
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testRunInfo ) override;
+
+        void testRunEndedCumulative() override {
+            writeRun( *m_testRun );
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void writeRun( TestRunNode const& runNode );
+
+        void writeTestFile(StringRef filename, std::vector<TestCaseNode const*> const& testCaseNodes);
+
+        void writeTestCase(TestCaseNode const& testCaseNode);
+
+        void writeSection(std::string const& rootName, SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail);
+
+        void writeAssertions(SectionNode const& sectionNode, bool okToFail);
+
+        void writeAssertion(AssertionStats const& stats, bool okToFail);
+
+    private:
+        XmlWriter xml;
+    };
+
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_SONARQUBE_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class TAPReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        TAPReporter( ReporterConfig&& config ):
+            StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(config) ) {
+            m_preferences.shouldReportAllAssertions = true;
+        }
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results in TAP format, suitable for test harnesses"s;
+        }
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& testInfo ) override;
+
+        void noMatchingTestCases( StringRef unmatchedSpec ) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& _assertionStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& _testRunStats) override;
+
+    private:
+        std::size_t counter = 0;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_TAP_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#   pragma clang diagnostic push
+#   pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpadded"
+#endif
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+    class TeamCityReporter final : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        TeamCityReporter( ReporterConfig&& _config )
+        :   StreamingReporterBase( CATCH_MOVE(_config) )
+        {
+            m_preferences.shouldRedirectStdOut = true;
+        }
+
+        ~TeamCityReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription() {
+            using namespace std::string_literals;
+            return "Reports test results as TeamCity service messages"s;
+        }
+
+        void testRunStarting( TestRunInfo const& runInfo ) override;
+        void testRunEnded( TestRunStats const& runStats ) override;
+
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& sectionInfo) override {
+            m_headerPrintedForThisSection = false;
+            StreamingReporterBase::sectionStarting( sectionInfo );
+        }
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
+
+    private:
+        void printSectionHeader(std::ostream& os);
+
+        bool m_headerPrintedForThisSection = false;
+        Timer m_testTimer;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#   pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_TEAMCITY_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+#ifndef CATCH_REPORTER_XML_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define CATCH_REPORTER_XML_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+
+
+
+namespace Catch {
+    class XmlReporter : public StreamingReporterBase {
+    public:
+        XmlReporter(ReporterConfig&& _config);
+
+        ~XmlReporter() override;
+
+        static std::string getDescription();
+
+        virtual std::string getStylesheetRef() const;
+
+        void writeSourceInfo(SourceLineInfo const& sourceInfo);
+
+    public: // StreamingReporterBase
+
+        void testRunStarting(TestRunInfo const& testInfo) override;
+
+        void testCaseStarting(TestCaseInfo const& testInfo) override;
+
+        void sectionStarting(SectionInfo const& sectionInfo) override;
+
+        void assertionStarting(AssertionInfo const&) override;
+
+        void assertionEnded(AssertionStats const& assertionStats) override;
+
+        void sectionEnded(SectionStats const& sectionStats) override;
+
+        void testCaseEnded(TestCaseStats const& testCaseStats) override;
+
+        void testRunEnded(TestRunStats const& testRunStats) override;
+
+        void benchmarkPreparing( StringRef name ) override;
+        void benchmarkStarting(BenchmarkInfo const&) override;
+        void benchmarkEnded(BenchmarkStats<> const&) override;
+        void benchmarkFailed( StringRef error ) override;
+
+        void listReporters(std::vector<ReporterDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listListeners(std::vector<ListenerDescription> const& descriptions) override;
+        void listTests(std::vector<TestCaseHandle> const& tests) override;
+        void listTags(std::vector<TagInfo> const& tags) override;
+
+    private:
+        Timer m_testCaseTimer;
+        XmlWriter m_xml;
+        int m_sectionDepth = 0;
+    };
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTER_XML_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_REPORTERS_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#endif // CATCH_ALL_HPP_INCLUDED
+#endif // CATCH_AMALGAMATED_HPP_INCLUDED
diff --git a/unit_tests/deep_tests.cpp b/unit_tests/deep_tests.cpp
index c1708e1..60dadb7 100644
--- a/unit_tests/deep_tests.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/deep_tests.cpp
@@ -8,94 +8,88 @@
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-class DeepTests : public ::testing::Test
+TEST_CASE("deep_test")
 {
-    protected:
     LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ true } };
+    S.requireSuccess(
+        " lanes = require 'lanes'.configure()"
+        " fixture = require 'fixture'"
+        " deep_test = require 'deep_test'"
+    );
 
-    void SetUp() override
+    SECTION("garbage collection collects")
     {
-        std::ignore = S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure()");
-        std::ignore = S.doString("fixture = require 'fixture'");
-        std::ignore = S.doString("deep_test = require 'deep_test'");
+        S.requireSuccess("assert(true)");
+        S.requireFailure("assert(false)");
+        if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 503) { // Lua < 5.3 only supports a table uservalue
+            S.requireSuccess(
+                // create a deep userdata object without referencing it. First uservalue is a function, and should be called on __gc
+                " deep_test.new_deep(1):setuv(1, function() collected = collected and collected + 1 or 1 end)"
+                " deep_test.new_deep(1):setuv(1, function() collected = collected and collected + 1 or 1 end)"
+                " collectgarbage()"                         // and collect it
+                " assert(collected == 2)"
+            );
+        }
     }
-};
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(DeepTests, DeepIsCollected)
-{
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString("assert(true)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("assert(false)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 503) { // Lua < 5.3 only supports a table uservalue
-        ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-            // create a deep userdata object without referencing it. First uservalue is a function, and should be called on __gc
-            " deep_test.new_deep(1):setuv(1, function() collected = collected and collected + 1 or 1 end)"
-            " deep_test.new_deep(1):setuv(1, function() collected = collected and collected + 1 or 1 end)"
-            " collectgarbage()"                         // and collect it
-            " assert(collected == 2)"
-        ), LuaError::OK) << S;
+    SECTION("reference counting")
+    {
+        S.requireSuccess(
+            " d = deep_test.new_deep(1)"                   // create a deep userdata object
+            " d:set(42)"                                   // set some value
+            " assert(d:refcount() == 1)"
+        );
+        S.requireSuccess(
+            " l = lanes.linda()"
+            " b, s = l:set('k', d, d)"                     // store it twice in the linda
+            " assert(b == false and s == 'under')"         // no waking, under capacity
+            " assert(d:refcount() == 2)"                   // 1 ref here, 1 in the keeper (even if we sent it twice)
+        );
+        S.requireSuccess(
+            " n, d = l:get('k')"                           // pull it out of the linda
+            " assert(n == 1 and type(d) == 'userdata')"    // got 1 item out of the linda
+            " assert(d:get() == 42 and d:refcount() == 2)" // 1 ref here, 1 in the keeper (even if we sent it twice)
+        );
+        S.requireSuccess(
+            " l = nil"
+            " collectgarbage()"                            // clears the linda, removes its storage from the keeper
+            " lanes.collectgarbage()"                      // collect garbage inside the keepers too, to finish cleanup
+            " assert(d:refcount() == 1)"                   // 1 ref here
+        );
+        if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 503) { // Lua < 5.3 only supports a table uservalue
+            S.requireSuccess(
+                " d:setuv(1, function() collected = collected and collected + 1 or 1 end)"
+                " d = nil"                                 // clear last reference
+                " collectgarbage()"                        // force collection
+                " assert(collected == 1)"                  // we should see it
+            );
+        }
     }
-}
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(DeepTests, DeepRefcounting)
-{
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-        " d = deep_test.new_deep(1)"                   // create a deep userdata object
-        " d:set(42)"                                   // set some value
-        " assert(d:refcount() == 1)"
-    ), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-        " l = lanes.linda()"
-        " b, s = l:set('k', d, d)"                     // store it twice in the linda
-        " assert(b == false and s == 'under')"         // no waking, under capacity
-        " assert(d:refcount() == 2)"                   // 1 ref here, 1 in the keeper (even if we sent it twice)
-    ), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-        " n, d = l:get('k')"                           // pull it out of the linda
-        " assert(n == 1 and type(d) == 'userdata')"    // got 1 item out of the linda
-        " assert(d:get() == 42 and d:refcount() == 2)" // 1 ref here, 1 in the keeper (even if we sent it twice)
-    ), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-        " l = nil"
-        " collectgarbage()"                            // clears the linda, removes its storage from the keeper
-        " lanes.collectgarbage()"                      // collect garbage inside the keepers too, to finish cleanup
-        " assert(d:refcount() == 1)"                   // 1 ref here
-    ), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 503) { // Lua < 5.3 only supports a table uservalue
-        ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-            " d:setuv(1, function() collected = collected and collected + 1 or 1 end)"
-            " d = nil"                                 // clear last reference
-            " collectgarbage()"                        // force collection
-            " assert(collected == 1)"                  // we should see it
-        ), LuaError::OK) << S;
+    SECTION("collection from inside a Linda")
+    {
+        S.requireSuccess(
+            " d = deep_test.new_deep(1)"                   // create a deep userdata object
+            " d:set(42)"                                   // set some value
+            " assert(d:refcount() == 1)"
+        );
+        S.requireSuccess(
+            " l = lanes.linda()"
+            " b, s = l:set('k', d, d)"                     // store it twice in the linda
+            " assert(b == false and s == 'under')"         // no waking, under capacity
+            " assert(d:refcount() == 2)"                   // 1 ref here, 1 in the keeper (even if we sent it twice)
+        );
+        S.requireSuccess(
+            " d = nil"
+            " collectgarbage()"                            // force collection
+            " l = nil"
+            " collectgarbage()"                            // clears the linda, removes its storage from the keeper
+            " lanes.collectgarbage()"                      // collect garbage inside the keepers too, to finish cleanup
+            " assert(deep_test.get_deep_count() == 0)"
+        );
     }
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(DeepTests, DeepCollectedFromInsideLinda)
-{
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-        " d = deep_test.new_deep(1)"                   // create a deep userdata object
-        " d:set(42)"                                   // set some value
-        " assert(d:refcount() == 1)"
-    ), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-        " l = lanes.linda()"
-        " b, s = l:set('k', d, d)"                     // store it twice in the linda
-        " assert(b == false and s == 'under')"         // no waking, under capacity
-        " assert(d:refcount() == 2)"                   // 1 ref here, 1 in the keeper (even if we sent it twice)
-    ), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(
-        " d = nil"
-        " collectgarbage()"                            // force collection
-        " l = nil"
-        " collectgarbage()"                            // clears the linda, removes its storage from the keeper
-        " lanes.collectgarbage()"                      // collect garbage inside the keepers too, to finish cleanup
-        " assert(deep_test.get_deep_count() == 0)"
-    ), LuaError::OK) << S;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/unit_tests/embedded_tests.cpp b/unit_tests/embedded_tests.cpp
index 03905d7..a6952b2 100644
--- a/unit_tests/embedded_tests.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/embedded_tests.cpp
@@ -23,118 +23,114 @@ namespace
 
 // #################################################################################################
 
-class EmbeddedTests : public ::testing::Test
+TEST_CASE("embedding")
 {
-    private:
-    HMODULE hCore{};
-
-    protected:
     LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ false }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
-    lua_CFunction lanes_register{};
 
-    void SetUp() override
-    {
-        hCore = LoadLibraryW(L"lanes\\core");
-        if (!hCore) {
-            throw std::logic_error("Could not load lanes.core");
-        }
-        luaopen_lanes_embedded_t const _p_luaopen_lanes_embedded{ reinterpret_cast<luaopen_lanes_embedded_t>(GetProcAddress(hCore, "luaopen_lanes_embedded")) };
-        if (!_p_luaopen_lanes_embedded) {
-            throw std::logic_error("Could not bind luaopen_lanes_embedded");
-        }
+    HMODULE hCore = LoadLibraryW(L"lanes\\core");
+    if (!hCore) {
+        throw std::logic_error("Could not load lanes.core");
+    }
+    luaopen_lanes_embedded_t const _p_luaopen_lanes_embedded{ reinterpret_cast<luaopen_lanes_embedded_t>(GetProcAddress(hCore, "luaopen_lanes_embedded")) };
+    if (!_p_luaopen_lanes_embedded) {
+        throw std::logic_error("Could not bind luaopen_lanes_embedded");
+    }
 
-        lanes_register = reinterpret_cast<lua_CFunction>(GetProcAddress(hCore, "lanes_register"));
-        if (!lanes_register) {
-            throw std::logic_error("Could not bind lanes_register");
-        }
-        // need base to make lanes happy
-        luaL_requiref(S, LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base, 1);
-        lua_pop(S, 1);
-        S.stackCheck(0);
+    lua_CFunction lanes_register = reinterpret_cast<lua_CFunction>(GetProcAddress(hCore, "lanes_register"));
+    if (!lanes_register) {
+        throw std::logic_error("Could not bind lanes_register");
+    }
+    // need base to make lanes happy
+    luaL_requiref(S, LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base, 1);
+    lua_pop(S, 1);
+    S.stackCheck(0);
 
-        // need package to be able to require lanes
-        luaL_requiref(S, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package, 1);
-        lua_pop(S, 1);
-        S.stackCheck(0);
+    // need package to be able to require lanes
+    luaL_requiref(S, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package, 1);
+    lua_pop(S, 1);
+    S.stackCheck(0);
 
-        // need table to make lanes happy
-        luaL_requiref(S, LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table, 1);
-        lua_pop(S, 1);
-        S.stackCheck(0);
+    // need table to make lanes happy
+    luaL_requiref(S, LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table, 1);
+    lua_pop(S, 1);
+    S.stackCheck(0);
 
-        // need string to make lanes happy
-        luaL_requiref(S, LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string, 1);
-        lua_pop(S, 1);
-        S.stackCheck(0);
+    // need string to make lanes happy
+    luaL_requiref(S, LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string, 1);
+    lua_pop(S, 1);
+    S.stackCheck(0);
 
-        _p_luaopen_lanes_embedded(S, local::load_lanes_lua);                                       // S: lanes
-        lua_pop(S, 1);
-        S.stackCheck(0);
-    }
+    auto load_lanes_lua = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+        if (0 == luaL_dofile(L_, "lanes.lua")) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    };
+
+    _p_luaopen_lanes_embedded(S, local::load_lanes_lua);                                           // S: lanes
+    lua_pop(S, 1);
+    S.stackCheck(0);
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    void TearDown() override
+    SECTION("single state")
     {
-        // close state manually before we unload lanes.core
-        S.close();
-        FreeLibrary(hCore);
+        // this sends data in a linda. current contents:
+        // key: short string
+        // values:
+        // bool
+        // integer
+        // number
+        // long string
+        // table with array and hash parts
+        // function with an upvalue
+        std::string_view const _script{
+            " local lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}"
+            " local l = lanes.linda'gleh'"
+            " local upvalue = 'oeauaoeuoeuaoeuaoeujaoefubycfjbycfybcfjybcfjybcfjbcf'"
+            " local upvalued = function()"
+            "     return upvalue"
+            " end"
+            " local t = setmetatable({ true, true, true, a = true}, {__index = rawget })"
+            " l:set('yo', true, 10, 100.0, upvalue, t, upvalued)" // put a breakpoint in linda_set to have some data to explore with the NATVIS
+            " return 'SUCCESS'"
+        };
+        S.requireReturnedString(_script, "SUCCESS");
     }
-};
 
-TEST_F(EmbeddedTests, SingleState)
-{
-    // this sends data in a linda. current contents:
-    // key: short string
-    // values:
-    // bool
-    // integer
-    // number
-    // long string
-    // table with array and hash parts
-    // function with an upvalue
-    std::string_view const script{
-        "    local lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}"
-        "    local l = lanes.linda'gleh'"
-        "    local upvalue = 'oeauaoeuoeuaoeuaoeujaoefubycfjbycfybcfjybcfjybcfjbcf'"
-        "    local upvalued = function()"
-        "        return upvalue"
-        "    end"
-        "    local t = setmetatable({ true, true, true, a = true}, {__index = rawget })"
-        "    l:set('yo', true, 10, 100.0, upvalue, t, upvalued)" // put a breakpoint in linda_set to have some data to explore with the NATVIS
-        "    return 'SUCCESS'"
-    };
-    std::string_view result = S.doStringAndRet(script);
-    ASSERT_EQ(result, "SUCCESS");
-}
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    SECTION("manual registration")
+    {
+        S.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}");
 
-TEST_F(EmbeddedTests, ManualRegister)
-{
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    lua_pop(S, 1);
+        // require 'io' library after Lanes is initialized:
+        luaL_requiref(S, LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io, 1);
+        lua_pop(S, 1);
+        S.stackCheck(0);
 
-    // require 'io' library after Lanes is initialized:
-    luaL_requiref(S, LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io, 1);
-    lua_pop(S, 1);
-    S.stackCheck(0);
+        // try to send io.open into a linda
+        std::string_view const _script{
+            " local lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}"
+            " local l = lanes.linda'gleh'"
+            " l:set('yo', io.open)"
+            " return 'SUCCESS'"
+        };
+        S.requireNotReturnedString(_script, "SUCCESS");
+
+        // try again after manual registration
+        lua_pushcfunction(S, lanes_register);                                                      // S: lanes_register
+        luaG_pushstring(S, LUA_IOLIBNAME);                                                         // S: lanes_register "io"
+        luaL_requiref(S, LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io, 1);                                            // S: lanes_register "io" io
+        lua_call(S, 2, 0);                                                                         // S:
+        S.stackCheck(0);
+        S.requireReturnedString(_script, "SUCCESS");
+    }
 
-    // try to send io.open into a linda
-    std::string_view const script{
-        "local lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}"
-        "local l = lanes.linda'gleh'"
-        "l:set('yo', io.open)"
-        "return 'SUCCESS'"
-    };
-    std::string_view const result1{ S.doStringAndRet(script) };
-    ASSERT_NE(result1, "SUCCESS") << S;                                                            // S: "msg"
-    lua_pop(S, 1);                                                                                 // S:
-
-    // try again after manual registration
-    lua_pushcfunction(S, lanes_register);                                                          // S: lanes_register
-    luaG_pushstring(S, LUA_IOLIBNAME);                                                             // S: lanes_register "io"
-    luaL_requiref(S, LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io, 1);                                                // S: lanes_register "io" io
-    lua_call(S, 2, 0);                                                                             // S:
-    S.stackCheck(0);
-    std::string_view const result2{ S.doStringAndRet(script) };
-    ASSERT_EQ(result2, "SUCCESS") << S;
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    // close state manually before we unload lanes.core
+    S.close();
+    FreeLibrary(hCore);
 }
diff --git a/unit_tests/init_and_shutdown.cpp b/unit_tests/init_and_shutdown.cpp
index d45b52f..83c0350 100644
--- a/unit_tests/init_and_shutdown.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/init_and_shutdown.cpp
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@
 
 // #################################################################################################
 
-TEST(Require, MissingBaseLibraries)
+TEST_CASE("require 'lanes'")
 {
     LuaState L{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ false }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
 
     // no base library loaded means no print()
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("print('hello')"), LuaError::OK);
-    L.stackCheck(1);
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
+    L.requireFailure("print('hello')");
 
     // need require() to require lanes
     luaL_requiref(L, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package, 0);
@@ -18,9 +16,7 @@ TEST(Require, MissingBaseLibraries)
     L.stackCheck(0);
 
     // no base library loaded means lanes should issue an error
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'"), LuaError::OK);
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
-    L.stackCheck(0);
+    L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'");
 
     // need base to make lanes happy
     luaL_requiref(L, LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base, 1);
@@ -28,9 +24,7 @@ TEST(Require, MissingBaseLibraries)
     L.stackCheck(0);
 
     // no table library loaded means lanes should issue an error
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'"), LuaError::OK);
-    L.stackCheck(1);
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
+    L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'");
 
     // need table to make lanes happy
     luaL_requiref(L, LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table, 1);
@@ -38,9 +32,7 @@ TEST(Require, MissingBaseLibraries)
     L.stackCheck(0);
 
     // no string library loaded means lanes should issue an error
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'"), LuaError::OK);
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
-    L.stackCheck(0);
+    L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'");
 
     // need string to make lanes happy
     luaL_requiref(L, LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string, 1);
@@ -50,7 +42,7 @@ TEST(Require, MissingBaseLibraries)
     // all required libraries are here: we should be happy
     // that's only the case for Lua > 5.1 though, because the latter can't require() a module after a previously failed attempt (like we just did)
     if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM > 501) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'"), LuaError::OK);
+        L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'");
     } else {
         // so let's do a fresh attempt in a virgin state where we have the 3 base libraries we need (plus 'package' to be able to require it of course)
         LuaState L51{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ false }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
@@ -59,625 +51,653 @@ TEST(Require, MissingBaseLibraries)
         luaL_requiref(L51, LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table, 1);
         luaL_requiref(L51, LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string, 1);
         lua_settop(L51, 0);
-        ASSERT_EQ(L51.doString("require 'lanes'"), LuaError::OK);
+        L51.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'");
     }
 }
 
-class Configure : public ::testing::Test
-{
-    protected:
-    LuaState L{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
-};
-
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 // allocator should be "protected", a C function returning a suitable userdata, or nil
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorFalse)
+TEST_CASE("lanes.configure")
 {
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = false}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    LuaState L{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorTrue)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = true}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("allocator", "[allocator]")
+    {
+        SECTION("allocator = false")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = false}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorNumber)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = 33}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = true")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = true}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = <number>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = 33}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorLuaFunction)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = function() return {}, 12, 'yoy' end}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorBadCFunction)
-{
-    // a C function that doesn't return what we expect should cause an error too
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = print}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = <Lua function>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = function() return {}, 12, 'yoy' end}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorTypo)
-{
-    // oops, a typo
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = 'Protected'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = <bad C function>")
+        {
+            // a C function that doesn't return what we expect should cause an error too
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = print}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorProtected)
-{
-    // no typo, should work
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = 'protected'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = <string with a typo>")
+        {
+            // oops, a typo
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = 'Protected'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorCustomOk)
-{
-    // a function that provides what we expect is fine
-    static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
-        lanes::AllocatorDefinition* const _def{ new (L_) lanes::AllocatorDefinition{} };
-        _def->initFrom(L_);
-        return 1;
-    };
-    lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
-    lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = 'protected'")
+        {
+            // no typo, should work
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = 'protected'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorCustomWrongResultType)
-{
-    // a function that provides something that is definitely not an AllocatorDefinition, should cause an error
-    static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
-        lua_newtable(L_);
-        return 1;
-    };
-    lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
-    lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator = <good custom C allocator>")
+        {
+            // a function that provides what we expect is fine
+            static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+                lanes::AllocatorDefinition* const _def{ new (L_) lanes::AllocatorDefinition{} };
+                _def->initFrom(L_);
+                return 1;
+            };
+            lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
+            lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorCustomSignatureMismatch)
-{
-    // a function that provides something that is too small to contain an AllocatorDefinition, should cause an error
-    static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
-        // create a full userdata that is too small (it only contains enough to store a version tag, but not the rest
-        auto* const _duck{ static_cast<lanes::AllocatorDefinition::version_t*>(lua_newuserdata(L_, sizeof(lanes::AllocatorDefinition::version_t))) };
-        *_duck = 666777;
-        return 1;
-    };
-    lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
-    lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator not returning an AllocatorDefinition")
+        {
+            // a function that provides something that is definitely not an AllocatorDefinition, should cause an error
+            static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+                lua_newtable(L_);
+                return 1;
+            };
+            lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
+            lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, AllocatorCustomSizeMismatch)
-{
-    // a function that provides something that attempts to pass as an AllocatorDefinition, but is not, should cause an error
-    static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
-        // create a full userdata of the correct size, but of course the contents don't match
-        int* const _duck{ static_cast<int*>(lua_newuserdata(L_, sizeof(lanes::AllocatorDefinition))) };
-        _duck[0] = 666;
-        _duck[1] = 777;
-        return 1;
-    };
-    lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
-    lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator returning an AllocatorDefinition with the wrong signature")
+        {
+            // a function that provides something that is too small to contain an AllocatorDefinition, should cause an error
+            static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+                // create a full userdata that is too small (it only contains enough to store a version tag, but not the rest
+                auto* const _duck{ static_cast<lanes::AllocatorDefinition::version_t*>(lua_newuserdata(L_, sizeof(lanes::AllocatorDefinition::version_t))) };
+                *_duck = 666777;
+                return 1;
+            };
+            lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
+            lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// internal_allocator should be a string, "libc"/"allocator"
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, InternalAllocatorFalse)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = false}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("allocator returning something too small to be a valid AllocatorDefinition")
+        {
+            // a function that provides something that attempts to pass as an AllocatorDefinition, but is not, should cause an error
+            static constexpr lua_CFunction _provideAllocator = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+                // create a full userdata of the correct size, but of course the contents don't match
+                int* const _duck{ static_cast<int*>(lua_newuserdata(L_, sizeof(lanes::AllocatorDefinition))) };
+                _duck[0] = 666;
+                _duck[1] = 777;
+                return 1;
+            };
+            lua_pushcfunction(L, _provideAllocator);
+            lua_setglobal(L, "ProvideAllocator");
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{allocator = ProvideAllocator}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // internal_allocator should be a string, "libc"/"allocator"
 
-TEST_F(Configure, InternalAllocatorTrue)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = true}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("[internal_allocator")
+    {
+        SECTION("internal_allocator = false")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = false}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, InternalAllocatorTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("internal_allocator = true")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = true}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, InternalAllocatorFunction)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = function() end}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("internal_allocator = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, InternalAllocatorString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("internal_allocator = <Lua function>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = function() end}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, InternalAllocatorLibc)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = 'libc'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("internal_allocator = <bad string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, InternalAllocatorAllocator)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = 'allocator'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("internal_allocator = 'libc'")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = 'libc'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// keepers_gc_threshold should be a number in [0, 100]
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, KeepersGcThresholdTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("internal_allocator = 'allocator'")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{internal_allocator = 'allocator'}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // keepers_gc_threshold should be a number in [0, 100]
 
-TEST_F(Configure, KeepersGcThresholdString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("keepers_gc_threshold")
+    {
+        SECTION("keepers_gc_threshold = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, KeepersGcThresholdNegative)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = -1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("keepers_gc_threshold = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, KeepersGcThresholdZero)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = 0}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("keepers_gc_threshold = -1")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = -1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, KeepersGcThresholdHundred)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = 100}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("keepers_gc_threshold = 0")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = 0}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// nb_user_keepers should be a number in [0, 100]
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, NbUserKeepersTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("keepers_gc_threshold = 100")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{keepers_gc_threshold = 100}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // nb_user_keepers should be a number in [0, 100]
 
-TEST_F(Configure, NbUserKeepersString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("nb_user_keepers")
+    {
+        SECTION("nb_user_keepers = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, NbUserKeepersNegative)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = -1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("nb_user_keepers = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, NbUserKeepersZero)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 0}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("nb_user_keepers = -1")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = -1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, NbUserKeepersHundred)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 100}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("nb_user_keepers = 0")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 0}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, NbUserKeepersHundredAndOne)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 101}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("nb_user_keepers = 100")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 100}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// on_state_create should be a function, either C or Lua, without upvalues
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, OnStateCreateTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("nb_user_keepers = 101")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 101}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // on_state_create should be a function, either C or Lua, without upvalues
 
-TEST_F(Configure, OnStateCreateString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("on_state_create")
+    {
+        SECTION("on_state_create = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, OnStateCreateNumber)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = 1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("on_state_create = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, OnStateCreateFalse)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = false}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("on_state_create = <number>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = 1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, OnStateCreateTrue)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = true}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("on_state_create = false")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = false}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, OnStateCreateUpvaluedFunction)
-{
-    // on_state_create isn't called inside a Keeper state if it's a Lua function (which is good as print() doesn't exist there!)
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("local print = print; require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = function() print 'hello' end}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("on_state_create = true")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = true}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, OnStateCreateCFunction)
-{
-    // funnily enough, in Lua 5.3, print() uses global tostring(), that doesn't exist in a keeper since we didn't open libs -> "attempt to call a nil value"
-    // conclusion, don't use print() as a fake on_state_create() callback!
-    // assert() should be fine since we pass a non-false argument to on_state_create
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = assert}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("on_state_create = <Lua function>")
+        {
+            // on_state_create isn't called inside a Keeper state if it's a Lua function (which is good as print() doesn't exist there!)
+            L.requireSuccess("local print = print; require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = function() print 'hello' end}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// shutdown_timeout should be a number in [0,3600]
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, ShutdownTimeoutTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("on_state_create = <C function>")
+        {
+            // funnily enough, in Lua 5.3, print() uses global tostring(), that doesn't exist in a keeper since we didn't open libs -> "attempt to call a nil value"
+            // conclusion, don't use print() as a fake on_state_create() callback!
+            // assert() should be fine since we pass a non-false argument to on_state_create
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = assert}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // shutdown_timeout should be a number in [0,3600]
 
-TEST_F(Configure, ShutdownTimeoutString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("shutdown_timeout")
+    {
+        SECTION("shutdown_timeout = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, ShutdownTimeoutNegative)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = -0.001}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("shutdown_timeout = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, ShutdownTimeoutZero)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 0}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("shutdown_timeout = <negative number>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = -0.001}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, ShutdownTimeoutOne)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("shutdown_timeout = 0")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 0}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, ShutdownTimeoutHour)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 3600}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("shutdown_timeout = 1s")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, ShutdownTimeoutTooLong)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 3600.001}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("shutdown_timeout = 3600s")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 3600}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// strip_functions should be a boolean
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, StripFunctionsTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("shutdown_timeout = <too long>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{shutdown_timeout = 3600.001}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // strip_functions should be a boolean
 
-TEST_F(Configure, StripFunctionsString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("strip_functions")
+    {
+        SECTION("strip_functions = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, StripFunctionsNumber)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = 1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("strip_functions = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, StripFunctionsFunction)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = print}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("strip_functions = <number>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = 1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, StripFunctionsFalse)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = false}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("strip_functions = <C function>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = print}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, StripFunctionsTrue)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = true}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("strip_functions = false")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = false}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// track_lanes should be a boolean
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, TrackLanesTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("strip_functions = true")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{strip_functions = true}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // track_lanes should be a boolean
 
-TEST_F(Configure, TrackLanesString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("track_lanes")
+    {
+        SECTION("track_lanes = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, TrackLanesNumber)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = 1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("track_lanes = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, TrackLanesFunction)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = print}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("track_lanes = <number>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = 1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, TrackLanesFalse)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = false}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("track_lanes = <C function>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = print}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, TrackLanesTrue)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = true}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("track_lanes = false")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = false}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// verbose_errors should be a boolean
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, VerboseErrorsTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("track_lanes = true")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{track_lanes = true}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // verbose_errors should be a boolean
 
-TEST_F(Configure, VerboseErrorsString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("verbose_errors")
+    {
+        SECTION("verbose_errors = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, VerboseErrorsNumber)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = 1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("verbose_errors = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, VerboseErrorsFunction)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = print}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("verbose_errors = <number>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = 1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, VerboseErrorsFalse)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = false}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("verbose_errors = <C function>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = print}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, VerboseErrorsTrue)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = true}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("verbose_errors = false")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = false}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// with_timers should be a boolean
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, WithTimersTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("verbose_errors = true")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{verbose_errors = true}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // with_timers should be a boolean
 
-TEST_F(Configure, WithTimersString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("with_timers")
+    {
+        SECTION("with_timers = <table>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, WithTimersNumber)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = 1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("with_timers = <string>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, WithTimersFunction)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = print}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("with_timers = <number>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = 1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, WithTimersFalse)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("with_timers = <C function>")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = print}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, WithTimersTrue)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = true}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("with_timers = false")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = false}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
-// #################################################################################################
-// any unknown setting should be rejected
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, UnknownSettingTable)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{[{}] = {}}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("with_timers = true")
+        {
+            L.requireSuccess("require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = true}");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // any unknown setting should be rejected
 
-TEST_F(Configure, UnknownSettingBool)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{[true] = 'gluh'}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+    SECTION("unknown_setting")
+    {
+        SECTION("table setting")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{[{}] = {}}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, UnknownSettingFunction)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{[function() end] = 1}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("boolean setting")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{[true] = 'gluh'}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, UnknownSettingNumber)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{[1] = function() end}"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        SECTION("function setting")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{[function() end] = 1}");
+        }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(Configure, UnknownSettingString)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(L.doString("require 'lanes'.configure{['gluh'] = false}"), LuaError::OK);
+        SECTION("number setting")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{[1] = function() end}");
+        }
+
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        SECTION("unknown string setting")
+        {
+            L.requireFailure("require 'lanes'.configure{['gluh'] = false}");
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-TEST(Lanes, Finally)
+TEST_CASE("lanes.finally")
 {
+    SECTION("no fixture")
     {
         LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
         // we need Lanes to be up. Since we run several 'scripts', we store it as a global
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'");
         // we can set a function
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.finally(function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.finally(function() end)");
         // we can clear it
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.finally(nil)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.finally(nil)");
         // we can set a new one
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.finally(function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.finally(function() end)");
         // we can replace an existing function
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.finally(error)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.finally(error)");
         // even if the finalizer throws a Lua error, it shouldn't crash anything
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(S.close());
-        ASSERT_EQ(S.finalizerWasCalled, false);
+        REQUIRE_NOTHROW(S.close()); // TODO: use lua_atpanic to catch errors during close()
+        REQUIRE_FALSE(S.finalizerWasCalled);
     }
 
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    SECTION("with fixture")
     {
         LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ true } };
 
         // we need Lanes to be up. Since we run several 'scripts', we store it as a global
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'");
         // works because we have package.preload.fixture = luaopen_fixture
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("fixture = require 'fixture'"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("fixture = require 'fixture'");
         // set our detectable finalizer
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.finally(fixture.throwing_finalizer)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.finally(fixture.throwing_finalizer)");
         // even if the finalizer can request a C++ exception, it shouldn't do it just now since we have no dangling lane
-        ASSERT_NO_THROW(S.close()) << S;
+        REQUIRE_NOTHROW(S.close());
         // the finalizer should be called
-        ASSERT_EQ(S.finalizerWasCalled, true);
+        REQUIRE(S.finalizerWasCalled);
     }
 }
 
@@ -697,97 +717,92 @@ namespace
     } // namespace local
 }
 
-class OnStateCreate : public ::testing::Test
-{
-    protected:
-    LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
-
-    void SetUp() override
-    {
-        local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-
-    void TearDown() override
-    {
-        local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-};
-
 // #################################################################################################
 
-TEST_F(OnStateCreate, CalledInKeepers)
+TEST_CASE("on_state_create setting")
 {
-    // _G.on_state_create = on_state_create;
-    lua_pushcfunction(S, local::on_state_create);
-    lua_setglobal(S, "on_state_create");
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = on_state_create, nb_user_keepers = 3}"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed), 4) << "on_state_create should have been called once in each Keeper state";
-}
+    LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    auto on_state_create = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+        local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        return 0;
+    };
 
-TEST_F(OnStateCreate, CalledInLane)
-{
-    // _G.on_state_create = on_state_create;
-    lua_pushcfunction(S, local::on_state_create);
-    lua_setglobal(S, "on_state_create");
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = on_state_create, with_timers = true}"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed), 2) << "on_state_create should have been called in the Keeper state and the timer lane";
-}
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    SECTION("on_state_create called in Keeper states")
+    {
+        // _G.on_state_create = on_state_create;
+        lua_pushcfunction(S, local::on_state_create);
+        lua_setglobal(S, "on_state_create");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = on_state_create, nb_user_keepers = 3}");
+        REQUIRE(local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 4);
+    }
 
-TEST_F(OnStateCreate, CanPackagePreload)
-{
-    // a C function for which we can test it was called
-    static bool _doStuffWasCalled{};
-    static auto _doStuff = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
-        _doStuffWasCalled = true;
-        return 0;
-    };
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    // a module that exports the above function
-    static auto _luaopen_Stuff = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
-        lua_newtable(L_);                                                                          // t
-        lua_pushstring(L_, "DoStuffInC");                                                          // t "DoStuffInC"
-        lua_pushcfunction(L_, _doStuff);                                                           // t "DoStuffInC" _doStuff
-        lua_settable(L_, -3);                                                                      // t
-        return 1;
-    };
+    SECTION("on_state_create called in lane")
+    {
+        // _G.on_state_create = on_state_create;
+        lua_pushcfunction(S, local::on_state_create);
+        lua_setglobal(S, "on_state_create");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = on_state_create, with_timers = true}");
+        REQUIRE(local::OnStateCreateCallsCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 2);
+    }
 
-    // a function that installs the module loader function in package.preload
-    auto _on_state_create = [](lua_State* const L_) {
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-        lua_getglobal(L_, "package");                                                              // package
-        if (lua_istable(L_, -1)) {
-            lua_getfield(L_, -1, "preload");                                                       // package package.preload
+    SECTION("on_state_create changes package.preload")
+    {
+        // a C function for which we can test it was called
+        static bool _doStuffWasCalled{};
+        static auto _doStuff = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+            _doStuffWasCalled = true;
+            return 0;
+        };
+
+        // a module that exports the above function
+        static auto _luaopen_Stuff = +[](lua_State* const L_) {
+            lua_newtable(L_); // t
+            lua_pushstring(L_, "DoStuffInC"); // t "DoStuffInC"
+            lua_pushcfunction(L_, _doStuff); // t "DoStuffInC" _doStuff
+            lua_settable(L_, -3); // t
+            return 1;
+        };
+
+        // a function that installs the module loader function in package.preload
+        auto _on_state_create = [](lua_State* const L_) {
+            lua_getglobal(L_, "package"); // package
             if (lua_istable(L_, -1)) {
-                lua_pushcfunction(L_, _luaopen_Stuff);                                             // package package.preload luaopen_Stuff
-                lua_setfield(L_, -2, "Stuff");                                                     // package package.preload
+                lua_getfield(L_, -1, "preload"); // package package.preload
+                if (lua_istable(L_, -1)) {
+                    lua_pushcfunction(L_, _luaopen_Stuff); // package package.preload luaopen_Stuff
+                    lua_setfield(L_, -2, "Stuff"); // package package.preload
+                }
+                lua_pop(L_, 1); // package
             }
-            lua_pop(L_, 1);                                                                        // package
-        }
-        lua_pop(L_, 1);                                                                            //
+            lua_pop(L_, 1); //
 
-        return 0;
-    };
-
-    // _G.on_state_create = on_state_create;
-    lua_pushcfunction(S, _on_state_create);
-    lua_setglobal(S, "on_state_create");
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = on_state_create}"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // launch a Lane that requires the module. It should succeed because _on_state_create was called and made it possible
-    std::string_view const _script{
-        " f = lanes.gen('*',"
-        "    function()"
-        "        local Stuff = require ('Stuff')"
-        "        Stuff.DoStuffInC()"
-        "        return true"
-        " end)"
-        " f():join()" // start the lane and block until it terminates
-    };
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(_script), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(_doStuffWasCalled);
-}
+            return 0;
+        };
+
+        // _G.on_state_create = on_state_create;
+        lua_pushcfunction(S, _on_state_create);
+        lua_setglobal(S, "on_state_create");
+
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{on_state_create = on_state_create}");
+
+        // launch a Lane that requires the module. It should succeed because _on_state_create was called and made it possible
+        std::string_view const _script{
+            " f = lanes.gen('*',"
+            "    function()"
+            "        local Stuff = require ('Stuff')"
+            "        Stuff.DoStuffInC()"
+            "        return true"
+            " end)"
+            " f():join()" // start the lane and block until it terminates
+        };
+        S.requireSuccess(_script);
+        REQUIRE(_doStuffWasCalled);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/unit_tests/lane_tests.cpp b/unit_tests/lane_tests.cpp
index 8b22fcd..7f5f112 100644
--- a/unit_tests/lane_tests.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/lane_tests.cpp
@@ -4,257 +4,271 @@
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-class LaneTests : public ::testing::Test
+TEST_CASE("lanes.gen")
 {
-    protected:
     LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
+    S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure()");
 
-    void SetUp() override
-    {
-        std::ignore = S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure()");
-    }
-};
-
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(LaneTests, GeneratorCreation)
-{
-    // no parameter is bad
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen()"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // minimal generator needs a function
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen(function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // acceptable parameters for the generator are strings, tables, nil, followed by the function body
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen(nil, function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen({}, function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('', {}, function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen({}, '', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('', '', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen({}, {}, function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // anything different should fail: booleans, numbers, any userdata
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen(false, function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen(true, function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen(42, function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen(io.stdin, function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen(lanes.linda(), function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen(lanes.linda():deep(), function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // even if parameter types are correct, the function must come last
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen(function() end, '')"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // the strings should only list "known base libraries", in any order, or "*"
-    // if the particular Lua flavor we build for doesn't support them, they raise an error unless postfixed by '?'
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('base', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // bit, ffi, jit are LuaJIT-specific
+    SECTION("argument checks")
+    {
+        // no parameter is bad
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen()");
+
+        // minimal generator needs a function
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen(function() end)");
+
+        // acceptable parameters for the generator are strings, tables, nil, followed by the function body
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen(nil, function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen({}, function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('', {}, function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen({}, '', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('', '', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen({}, {}, function() end)");
+
+        // anything different should fail: booleans, numbers, any userdata
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen(false, function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen(true, function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen(42, function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen(io.stdin, function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen(lanes.linda(), function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen(lanes.linda():deep(), function() end)");
+
+        // even if parameter types are correct, the function must come last
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen(function() end, '')");
+
+        // the strings should only list "known base libraries", in any order, or "*"
+        // if the particular Lua flavor we build for doesn't support them, they raise an error unless postfixed by '?'
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('base', function() end)");
+
+        // bit, ffi, jit are LuaJIT-specific
 #if LUAJIT_FLAVOR() == 0
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('bit,ffi,jit', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('bit?,ffi?,jit?', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('bit,ffi,jit', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('bit?,ffi?,jit?', function() end)");
 #endif // LUAJIT_FLAVOR()
 
-    // bit32 library existed only in Lua 5.2, there is still a loader that will raise an error in Lua 5.3
+        // bit32 library existed only in Lua 5.2, there is still a loader that will raise an error in Lua 5.3
 #if LUA_VERSION_NUM == 502 || LUA_VERSION_NUM == 503
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('bit32', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('bit32', function() end)");
 #else // LUA_VERSION_NUM == 502 || LUA_VERSION_NUM == 503
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('bit32', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('bit32?', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('bit32', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('bit32?', function() end)");
 #endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM == 502 || LUA_VERSION_NUM == 503
 
-    // coroutine library appeared with Lua 5.2
+        // coroutine library appeared with Lua 5.2
 #if LUA_VERSION_NUM == 501
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('coroutine', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('coroutine?', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('coroutine', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('coroutine?', function() end)");
 #endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM == 501
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('debug', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('io', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('math', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('os', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('package', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('string', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('table', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('debug', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('io', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('math', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('os', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('package', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('string', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('table', function() end)");
 
-    // utf8 library appeared with Lua 5.3
+        // utf8 library appeared with Lua 5.3
 #if LUA_VERSION_NUM < 503
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('utf8', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('utf8?', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('utf8', function() end)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('utf8?', function() end)");
 #endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM < 503
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.gen('lanes.core', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // "*" repeated or combined with anything else is forbidden
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('*', '*', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('base', '*', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    // unknown names are forbidden
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('Base', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    // repeating the same library more than once is forbidden
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.gen('base,base', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-}
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.gen('lanes.core', function() end)");
+        // "*" repeated or combined with anything else is forbidden
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('*', '*', function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('base', '*', function() end)");
+        // unknown names are forbidden
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('Base', function() end)");
+        // repeating the same library more than once is forbidden
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.gen('base,base', function() end)");
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(LaneTests, UncooperativeShutdown)
-{
-    // prepare a callback for lanes.finally()
-    static bool _wasCalled{};
-    static bool _allLanesTerminated{};
-    auto _finallyCB{ +[](lua_State* const L_) { _wasCalled = true; _allLanesTerminated = lua_toboolean(L_, 1); return 0; } };
-    lua_pushcfunction(S, _finallyCB);
-    lua_setglobal(S, "finallyCB");
-    // start a lane that lasts a long time
-    std::string_view const _script{
-        " lanes.finally(finallyCB)"
-        " g = lanes.gen('*',"
-        "     {name = 'auto'},"
-        "     function()"
-        "         for i = 1,1e37 do end" // no cooperative cancellation checks here!
-        "     end)"
-        " g()"
-    };
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString(_script), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // close the state before the lane ends.
-    // since we don't wait at all, it is possible that the OS thread for the lane hasn't even started at that point
-    S.close();
-    // the finally handler should have been called, and told all lanes are stopped
-    ASSERT_EQ(_wasCalled, true) << S;
-    ASSERT_EQ(_allLanesTerminated, true) << S;
-}
+    SECTION("lanes.finally") // TODO: move this section somewhere else, in a dedicated finally TEST_CASE
+    {
+        // prepare a callback for lanes.finally()
+        static bool _wasCalled{};
+        static bool _allLanesTerminated{};
+        auto _finallyCB{ +[](lua_State* const L_) { _wasCalled = true; _allLanesTerminated = lua_toboolean(L_, 1); return 0; } };
+        lua_pushcfunction(S, _finallyCB);
+        lua_setglobal(S, "finallyCB");
+        // start a lane that lasts a long time
+        std::string_view const _script{
+            " lanes.finally(finallyCB)"
+            " g = lanes.gen('*',"
+            "     {name = 'auto'},"
+            "     function()"
+            "         for i = 1,1e37 do end" // no cooperative cancellation checks here!
+            "     end)"
+            " g()"
+        };
+        S.requireSuccess(_script);
+        // close the state before the lane ends.
+        // since we don't wait at all, it is possible that the OS thread for the lane hasn't even started at that point
+        S.close();
+        // the finally handler should have been called, and told all lanes are stopped
+        REQUIRE(_wasCalled);
+        REQUIRE(_allLanesTerminated);
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(LaneTests, DefaultThreadNameIsUnnamed)
-{
-    std::string_view const _script{
-        " g = lanes.gen('*',"
-        "     function()"
-        "         return lane_threadname()"
-        "     end)"
-        " h = g()"
-        " local tn = h[1]"
-        " assert(tn == h:get_threadname())"
-        " return tn"
-    };
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doStringAndRet(_script), "<unnamed>") << S;
-}
+    SECTION("default thread name is '<unnamed>'")
+    {
+        std::string_view const _script{
+            " g = lanes.gen('*',"
+            "     function()"
+            "         return lane_threadname()"
+            "     end)"
+            " h = g()"
+            " local tn = h[1]"
+            " assert(tn == h:get_threadname())"
+            " assert(tn == '<unnamed>')"
+        };
+        S.requireSuccess(_script);
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(LaneTests, UserThreadNameFromGenerator)
-{
-    std::string_view const _script{
-        " g = lanes.gen('*',"
-        "     { name = 'user name'},"
-        "     function()"
-        "         return lane_threadname()"
-        "     end)"
-        " h = g()"
-        " local tn = h[1]"
-        " assert(tn == h:get_threadname())"
-        " return tn"
-    };
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doStringAndRet(_script), "user name") << S;
-}
+    SECTION("set thread name from generator settings")
+    {
+        std::string_view const _script{
+            " g = lanes.gen('*',"
+            "     { name = 'user name'},"
+            "     function()"
+            "         return lane_threadname()"
+            "     end)"
+            " h = g()"
+            " local tn = h[1]"
+            " assert(tn == h:get_threadname())"
+            " assert(tn == 'user name')"
+        };
+        S.requireSuccess(_script);
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(LaneTests, UserThreadNameFromInside)
-{
-    std::string_view const _script{
-        " g = lanes.gen('*',"
-        "     function()"
-        "         lane_threadname('user name')"
-        "         return true"
-        "     end)"
-        " h = g()"
-        " h:join()"
-        " return h:get_threadname()"
-    };
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doStringAndRet(_script), "user name") << S;
+    SECTION("set thread name from lane body")
+    {
+        std::string_view const _script{
+            " g = lanes.gen('*',"
+            "     function()"
+            "         lane_threadname('user name')"
+            "         return true"
+            "     end)"
+            " h = g()"
+            " h:join()"
+            " assert(h:get_threadname() == 'user name')"
+        };
+        S.requireSuccess(_script);
+    }
 }
 
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-class LaneCancel : public ::testing::Test
+TEST_CASE("lane:cancel")
 {
-    protected:
     LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ true } };
 
-    void SetUp() override
+    // need the timers so that there is a lane running on which we can operate
+    S.requireSuccess("timer_lane = require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = true}.timer_lane");
+    //  make sure we have the timer lane and its cancel method handy
+    S.requireSuccess("assert(timer_lane and timer_lane.cancel)");
+    // as well as the fixture module
+    S.requireSuccess("fixture = require 'fixture'");
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    SECTION("cancel operation must be a known string")
     {
-        // need the timers so that there is a lane running on which we can operate
-        std::ignore = S.doString("timer_lane = require 'lanes'.configure{with_timers = true}.timer_lane");
+        // cancel operation must be a known string
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('gleh')");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel(function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel({})");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel(fixture.newuserdata())");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel(fixture.newlightuserdata())");
     }
-};
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(LaneCancel, FailsOnBadArguments)
-{
-    //FAIL() << "Make sure the failures fail the way we expect them";
-    // make sure we have the timer lane and its cancel method handy
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString("assert(timer_lane and timer_lane.cancel)"), LuaError::OK);
-    // as well as the fixture module
-    ASSERT_EQ(S.doString("fixture = require 'fixture'"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // cancel operation must be a known string
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('gleh')"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel(function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel({})"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel(fixture.newuserdata())"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel(fixture.newlightuserdata())"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // cancel doesn't expect additional non-number/bool arguments after the mode
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('soft', 'gleh')"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('soft', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('soft', {})"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('soft', fixture.newuserdata())"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('soft', fixture.newlightuserdata())"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // hook-based cancellation expects a number for the count. IOW, a bool is not valid
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('call', true)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('ret', true)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('line', true)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('count', true)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('all', true)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // non-hook should only have one number after the mode (the timeout), else it means we have a count
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('hard', 10, 10)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // extra arguments are not accepted either
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('hard', 10, true, 10)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('call', 10, 10, 10)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('line', 10, 10, true, 10)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // out-of-range hook count is not valid
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('call', -1)"), LuaError::OK);
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('call', 0)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // out-of-range duration is not valid
-    ASSERT_NE(S.doString("timer_lane:cancel('soft', -1)"), LuaError::OK);
+    SECTION("cancel doesn't expect additional non-number/bool arguments after the mode")
+    {
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('soft', 'gleh')");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('soft', function() end)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('soft', {})");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('soft', fixture.newuserdata())");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('soft', fixture.newlightuserdata())");
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    SECTION("hook-based cancellation expects a number for the count. IOW, a bool is not valid")
+    {
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('call', true)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('ret', true)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('line', true)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('count', true)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('all', true)");
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    SECTION("non-hook should only have one number after the mode (the timeout), else it means we have a count")
+    {
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('hard', 10, 10)");
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    SECTION("extra arguments are not accepted either")
+    {
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('hard', 10, true, 10)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('call', 10, 10, 10)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('line', 10, 10, true, 10)");
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    SECTION("out-of-range hook count is not valid")
+    {
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('call', -1)");
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('call', 0)");
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    SECTION("out-of-range duration is not valid")
+    {
+        S.requireFailure("timer_lane:cancel('soft', -1)");
+    }
 }
 
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    LaneScriptedTests,
-    UnitTestRunner,
-    ::testing::Values(
-        FileRunnerParam{ PUC_LUA_ONLY("lane/cooperative_shutdown"), TestType::AssertNoLuaError },  // 0
+TEST_CASE("lane scripted tests")
+{
+    auto const& _testParam = GENERATE(
+        FileRunnerParam{ PUC_LUA_ONLY("lane/cooperative_shutdown"), TestType::AssertNoLuaError }, // 0
         FileRunnerParam{ "lane/uncooperative_shutdown", TestType::AssertThrows },
-        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_basic", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },                       // 2
-        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_cancelling", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },                  // 3
-        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_comms_criss_cross", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },           // 4
+        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_basic", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }, // 2
+        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_cancelling", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }, // 3
+        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_comms_criss_cross", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }, // 4
         FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_communications", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },
-        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_error", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },                       // 6
-        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_join_test", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },                   // 7
+        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_error", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }, // 6
+        FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_join_test", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }, // 7
         FileRunnerParam{ "lane/tasking_send_receive_code", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },
         FileRunnerParam{ "lane/stdlib_naming", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },
-        FileRunnerParam{ "coro/basics", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },                              // 10
+        FileRunnerParam{ "coro/basics", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }, // 10
         FileRunnerParam{ "coro/error_handling", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }
-    )
-    //,[](::testing::TestParamInfo<FileRunnerParam> const& info_) { return std::string{  info_.param.script  };}
-);
+    );
+
+    FileRunner _runner(R"(.\lanes\unit_tests\scripts)");
+    _runner.performTest(_testParam);
+}
diff --git a/unit_tests/legacy_tests.cpp b/unit_tests/legacy_tests.cpp
index 2d88190..cb91c93 100644
--- a/unit_tests/legacy_tests.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/legacy_tests.cpp
@@ -5,75 +5,43 @@
 #if RUN_LEGACY_TESTS
 
 // #################################################################################################
+// #################################################################################################
 
-class LegacyTestRunner : public FileRunner
+TEST_CASE("legacy scripted tests")
 {
-    public:
-    LegacyTestRunner()
-    {
-        [[maybe_unused]] std::filesystem::path const _current{ std::filesystem::current_path() };
-        std::filesystem::path _path{ R"(.\lanes\tests\)" };
-        root = std::filesystem::canonical(_path).generic_string();
-        // I need to append that path to the list of locations where modules can be required
-        // so that the legacy scripts can require"assert" and find assert.lua
-        std::string _script{"package.path = package.path.."};
-        _script += "';";
-        _script += root;
-        _script += "/?.lua'";
-        std::ignore = L.doString(_script.c_str());
-    }
-};
+    auto const& _testParam = GENERATE(
+          FileRunnerParam{ "appendud", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 0
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "atexit", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 1
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "atomic", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 2
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "basic", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 3
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "cancel", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 4
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "cyclic", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 5
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "deadlock", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 6
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "errhangtest", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 7
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "error", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 8
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "fibonacci", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 9
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "fifo", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 10
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "finalizer", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 11
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "func_is_string", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 12
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "irayo_closure", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 13
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "irayo_recursive", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 14
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "keeper", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 15
+      //, FileRunnerParam{ "linda_perf", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }
+        , FileRunnerParam{ LUA54_ONLY("manual_register"), TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 16: uses lfs module, currently not available for non-5.4 flavors
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "nameof", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 17
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "objects", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 18
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "package", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 19
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "pingpong", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 20
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "recursive", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 21
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "require", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 22
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "rupval", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 23
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "timer", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 24
+        , FileRunnerParam{ LUA54_ONLY("tobeclosed"), TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 25
+        , FileRunnerParam{ "track_lanes", TestType::AssertNoLuaError } // 26
+    );
 
-TEST_P(LegacyTestRunner, LegacyTest)
-{
-    FileRunnerParam const& _param = GetParam();
-    switch (_param.test) {
-    case TestType::AssertNoLuaError:
-        ASSERT_EQ(L.doFile(root, _param.script), LuaError::OK) << L;
-        break;
-    case TestType::AssertNoThrow:
-        ASSERT_NO_THROW((std::ignore = L.doFile(root, _param.script), L.close())) << L;
-        break;
-    case TestType::AssertThrows:
-        ASSERT_THROW((std::ignore = L.doFile(root, _param.script), L.close()), std::logic_error) << L;
-        break;
-    }
+    FileRunner _runner(R"(.\lanes\tests\)");
+    _runner.performTest(_testParam);
 }
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    LegacyTests,
-    LegacyTestRunner,
-    ::testing::Values(
-        "appendud" // 0
-        , "atexit" // 1
-        , "atomic" // 2
-        , "basic" // 3
-        , "cancel" // 4
-        , "cyclic" // 5
-        , "deadlock" // 6
-        , "errhangtest" // 7
-        , "error" // 8
-        , "fibonacci" // 9
-        , "fifo" // 10
-        , "finalizer" // 11
-        , "func_is_string" // 12
-        , "irayo_closure" // 13
-        , "irayo_recursive" // 14
-        , "keeper" // 15
-        //, "linda_perf"
-        , LUA54_ONLY("manual_register") // 16: uses lfs module, currently not available for non-5.4 flavors
-        , "nameof" // 17
-        , "objects" // 18
-        , "package" // 19
-        , "pingpong" // 20
-        , "recursive" // 21
-        , "require" // 22
-        , "rupval" // 23
-        , "timer" // 24
-        , LUA54_ONLY("tobeclosed") // 25
-        , "track_lanes" // 26
-    )
-    //, [](::testing::TestParamInfo<FileRunnerParam> const& info_) { return info_.param.script.empty() ? "N/A": std::string{ info_.param.script }; }
-);
-
 #endif // RUN_LEGACY_TESTS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/unit_tests/linda_tests.cpp b/unit_tests/linda_tests.cpp
index b3bad66..29eb28c 100644
--- a/unit_tests/linda_tests.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/linda_tests.cpp
@@ -3,340 +3,334 @@
 
 // #################################################################################################
 
-class OneKeeperLindaTests : public ::testing::Test
+TEST_CASE("single Keeper Lindas")
 {
-    protected:
     LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ true } };
+    S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'");
 
-    void SetUp() override
+    SECTION("Linda creation")
     {
-        std::ignore = S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'");
+        // no parameters is ok
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda()");
+        S.requireNotReturnedString("return tostring(lanes.linda())", R"===(Linda: <not a string>)==="); // unspecified name should not result in <not a string>
+
+        // since we have only one keeper, only group 0 is authorized
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(-1)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(0)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(1)");
+
+        // any name is ok
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda('')"); // an empty name results in a string conversion of the form "Linda: <some hex value>" that we can't test (but it works)
+        S.requireReturnedString("return tostring(lanes.linda('short name'))", R"===(Linda: short name)===");
+        S.requireReturnedString("return tostring(lanes.linda('very very very very very very long name'))", R"===(Linda: very very very very very very long name)===");
+        S.requireReturnedString("return tostring(lanes.linda('auto'))", R"===(Linda: [string "return tostring(lanes.linda('auto'))"]:1)===");
+
+        if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM == 504) {
+            // a function is acceptable as a __close handler
+            S.requireSuccess("local l <close> = lanes.linda(function() end)");
+            // a callable table too (a callable full userdata as well, but I have none here)
+            S.requireSuccess("local l <close> = lanes.linda(setmetatable({}, {__call = function() end}))");
+            // if the function raises an error, we should get it
+            S.requireFailure("local l <close> = lanes.linda(function() error 'gluh' end)");
+        } else {
+            // no __close support before Lua 5.4
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(function() end)");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(setmetatable({}, {__call = function() end}))");
+        }
+
+        // mixing parameters in any order is ok: 2 out of 3
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(0, 'name')");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda('name', 0)");
+        if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM == 504) {
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(0, function() end)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(function() end, 0)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda('name', function() end)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(function() end, 'name')");
+        }
+
+        // mixing parameters in any order is ok: 3 out of 3
+        if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM == 504) {
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(0, 'name', function() end)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(0, function() end, 'name')");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda('name', 0, function() end)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda('name', function() end, 0)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(function() end, 0, 'name')");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(function() end, 'name', 0)");
+        }
+
+        // unsupported parameters should fail
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(true)");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(false)");
+        // uncallable table or full userdata
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda({})");
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(lanes.linda())");
     }
-};
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaCreation)
-{
-    // no parameters is ok
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda()"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doStringAndRet("return tostring(lanes.linda())"), R"===(Linda: <not a string>)===") << S; // unspecified name should not result in <not a string>
-
-    // since we have only one keeper, only group 0 is authorized
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(-1)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(0)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(1)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // any name is ok
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda('')"), LuaError::OK) << S; // an empty name results in a string conversion of the form "Linda: <some hex value>" that we can't test (but it works)
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doStringAndRet("return tostring(lanes.linda('short name'))"), R"===(Linda: short name)===") << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doStringAndRet("return tostring(lanes.linda('very very very very very very long name'))"), R"===(Linda: very very very very very very long name)===") << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doStringAndRet("return tostring(lanes.linda('auto'))"), R"===(Linda: [string "return tostring(lanes.linda('auto'))"]:1)===") << S;
-
-    if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM == 504) {
-        // a function is acceptable as a __close handler
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l <close> = lanes.linda(function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        // a callable table too (a callable full userdata as well, but I have none here)
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l <close> = lanes.linda(setmetatable({}, {__call = function() end}))"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        // if the function raises an error, we should get it
-        EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l <close> = lanes.linda(function() error 'gluh' end)"), LuaError::OK);
-    } else {
-        // no __close support before Lua 5.4
-        EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-        EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(setmetatable({}, {__call = function() end}))"), LuaError::OK);
-    }
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    // mixing parameters in any order is ok: 2 out of 3
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(0, 'name')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda('name', 0)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM == 504) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(0, function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(function() end, 0)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda('name', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(function() end, 'name')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+    SECTION("Linda indexing")
+    {
+        // indexing the linda with an unknown string key should fail
+        S.requireFailure("return lanes.linda().gouikra");
+        // indexing the linda with an unsupported key type should fail
+        S.requireFailure("return lanes.linda()[5]");
+        S.requireFailure("return lanes.linda()[false]");
+        S.requireFailure("return lanes.linda()[{}]");
+        S.requireFailure("return lanes.linda()[function() end]");
     }
 
-    // mixing parameters in any order is ok: 3 out of 3
-    if constexpr (LUA_VERSION_NUM == 504) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(0, 'name', function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(0, function() end, 'name')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda('name', 0, function() end)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda('name', function() end, 0)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(function() end, 0, 'name')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-        EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(function() end, 'name', 0)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    SECTION("linda:send()")
+    {
+        SECTION("timeout")
+        {
+            // timeout checks
+            // linda:send() should fail if the timeout is bad
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(-1, 'k', 'v')");
+            // any positive value is ok
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', 'v')");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():send(1e20, 'k', 'v')");
+            // nil too (same as 'forever')
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():send(nil, 'k', 'v')");
+        }
+
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        SECTION("fails on bad keys")
+        {
+            // key checks
+            // linda:send() should fail if the key is unsupported (nil, table, function, full userdata, reserved light userdata)
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, nil, 'v')");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, {}, 'v')");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, function() end, 'v')");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, io.stdin, 'v')");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, lanes.null, 'v')");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, lanes.cancel_error, 'v')");
+            S.requireFailure("local l = lanes.linda(); l:send(0, l.batched, 'v')");
+        }
+
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        SECTION("succeeds on supported keys")
+        {
+            // supported keys are ok: boolean, number, string, light userdata, deep userdata
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():send(0, true, 'v')");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():send(0, false, 'v')");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():send(0, 99, 'v')");
+            S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:send(0, l:deep(), 'v')");
+        }
+
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        SECTION("succeeds on deep userdata key")
+        {
+            S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:send(0, l, 'v')");
+        }
+
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        SECTION(". fails")
+        {
+            // misuse checks, . instead of :
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda().send(nil, 'k', 'v')");
+        }
+
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        SECTION("unsupported values fail")
+        {
+            // value checks
+            // linda:send() should fail if we don't send anything
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send()");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0)");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k')");
+            // or non-deep userdata
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', fixture.newuserdata())");
+            // or something with a converter that raises an error (maybe that should go to a dedicated __lanesconvert test!)
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', setmetatable({}, {__lanesconvert = function(where_) error (where_ .. ': should not send me' end}))");
+            // but a registered non-deep userdata should work
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', io.stdin)");
+        }
     }
 
-    // unsupported parameters should fail
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(true)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(false)"), LuaError::OK);
-    // uncallable table or full userdata
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda({})"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(lanes.linda())"), LuaError::OK);
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaIndexing)
-{
-    // indexing the linda with an unknown string key should fail
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("return lanes.linda().gouikra"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // indexing the linda with an unsupported key type should fail
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("return lanes.linda()[5]"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("return lanes.linda()[false]"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("return lanes.linda()[{}]"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("return lanes.linda()[function() end]"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaSendTimeoutValidation)
-{
-    // timeout checks
-    // linda:send() should fail if the timeout is bad
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(-1, 'k', 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-    // any positive value is ok
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(1e20, 'k', 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // nil too (same as 'forever')
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(nil, 'k', 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaSendFailsOnBadKeys)
-{
-    // key checks
-    // linda:send() should fail if the key is unsupported (nil, table, function, full userdata, reserved light userdata)
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, nil, 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, {}, 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, function() end, 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, io.stdin, 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, lanes.null, 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, lanes.cancel_error, 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:send(0, l.batched, 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaSendSucceedsOnSupportedKeys)
-{
-    // supported keys are ok: boolean, number, string, light userdata, deep userdata
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, true, 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, false, 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, 99, 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:send(0, l:deep(), 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaSendSucceedsOnDeepUserdataKey)
-{
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:send(0, l, 'v')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaSendSelfValidation)
-{
-    // misuse checks, . instead of :
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda().send(nil, 'k', 'v')"), LuaError::OK);
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaSendValueValidation)
-{
-    // value checks
-    // linda:send() should fail if we don't send anything
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send()"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k')"), LuaError::OK);
-    // or non-deep userdata
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', fixture.newuserdata())"), LuaError::OK);
-    // or something with a converter that raises an error (maybe that should go to a dedicated __lanesconvert test!)
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', setmetatable({}, {__lanesconvert = function(where_) error (where_ .. ': should not send me' end}))"), LuaError::OK);
-    // but a registered non-deep userdata should work
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():send(0, 'k', io.stdin)"), LuaError::OK);
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
-
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaLimitArgumentValidation)
-{
-    // misuse checks, . instead of :
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda().limit()"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // not enough keys
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit()"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // too many keys?
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k1', 'k2')"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k1', 'k2', 'k3')"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // non-numeric limit
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', false)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', true)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', {})"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', lanes.linda():deep())"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', assert)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', function() end)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // negative limit is forbidden
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', -1)"), LuaError::OK);
-
-    // we can set a positive limit, or "unlimited"
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', 0)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', 1)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', 45648946)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', 'unlimited')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
-
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaCollectGarbage)
-{
-    // linda:collectgarbage() doesn't accept extra arguments
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():collectgarbage(true)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():collectgarbage()"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
+    SECTION("linda::collectgarbage()")
+    {
+        // linda:collectgarbage() doesn't accept extra arguments
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():collectgarbage(true)");
+        S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():collectgarbage()");
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaCount)
-{
-    // counting a non-existent key returns nothing
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("assert(lanes.linda():count('k') == nil)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // counting an existing key returns a correct count
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a'); assert(l:count('k') == 1)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a', 'b'); assert(l:count('k') == 2)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
+    SECTION("linda:count()")
+    {
+        // counting a non-existent key returns nothing
+        S.requireSuccess("assert(lanes.linda():count('k') == nil)");
+        // counting an existing key returns a correct count
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a'); assert(l:count('k') == 1)");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a', 'b'); assert(l:count('k') == 2)");
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaLimit)
-{
-    // we can set an inexistent key to unlimited, it should do nothing
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local r,s = lanes.linda():limit('k', 'unlimited'); assert(r==false and s=='under')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // reading the limit of an unset key should succeed
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local r,s = lanes.linda():limit('k'); assert(r=='unlimited' and s=='under')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // reading the limit after we set one should yield the correct value
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r,s = l:limit('k', 3); assert(r==false and s=='under'); r,s = l:limit('k'); assert(r==3 and s=='under')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // changing the limit is possible...
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r,s = l:limit('k', 3); r,s = l:limit('k', 5); r,s = l:limit('k'); assert(r==5 and s=='under', 'b')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // ... even if we set a limit below the current count of stored data (which should not change)
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r,s = l:set('k', 'a', 'b', 'c'); assert(r==false and s=='under'); r,s = l:limit('k', 1); assert(r==false and s=='over' and l:count('k') == 3); r,s = l:limit('k'); assert(r==1 and s=='over')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // we can remove the limit on a key
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda():limit('k', 'unlimited')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // emptying a limited key should not remove the limit
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 5); l:set('k'); assert(l:limit('k')==5)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
+    SECTION("linda:limit()")
+    {
+        SECTION("argument validation")
+        {
+            // misuse checks, . instead of :
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda().limit()");
+
+            // not enough keys
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit()");
+
+            // too many keys?
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k1', 'k2')");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k1', 'k2', 'k3')");
+
+            // non-numeric limit
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k', false)");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k', true)");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k', {})");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k', lanes.linda():deep())");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k', assert)");
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k', function() end)");
+
+            // negative limit is forbidden
+            S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():limit('k', -1)");
+
+            // we can set a positive limit, or "unlimited"
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():limit('k', 0)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():limit('k', 1)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():limit('k', 45648946)");
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():limit('k', 'unlimited')");
+        }
+
+        // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        SECTION("normal operations")
+        {
+            // we can set an inexistent key to unlimited, it should do nothing
+            S.requireSuccess("local r,s = lanes.linda():limit('k', 'unlimited'); assert(r==false and s=='under')");
+            // reading the limit of an unset key should succeed
+            S.requireSuccess("local r,s = lanes.linda():limit('k'); assert(r=='unlimited' and s=='under')");
+            // reading the limit after we set one should yield the correct value
+            S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); local r,s = l:limit('k', 3); assert(r==false and s=='under'); r,s = l:limit('k'); assert(r==3 and s=='under')");
+            // changing the limit is possible...
+            S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); local r,s = l:limit('k', 3); r,s = l:limit('k', 5); r,s = l:limit('k'); assert(r==5 and s=='under', 'b')");
+            // ... even if we set a limit below the current count of stored data (which should not change)
+            S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); local r,s = l:set('k', 'a', 'b', 'c'); assert(r==false and s=='under'); r,s = l:limit('k', 1); assert(r==false and s=='over' and l:count('k') == 3); r,s = l:limit('k'); assert(r==1 and s=='over')");
+            // we can remove the limit on a key
+            S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda():limit('k', 'unlimited')");
+
+            // emptying a limited key should not remove the limit
+            S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 5); l:set('k'); assert(l:limit('k')==5)");
+        }
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaRestrict)
-{
-    // we can read the access restriction of an inexistent Linda, it should tell us there is no restriction
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local r = lanes.linda():restrict('k'); assert(r=='none')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // setting an unknown access restriction should fail
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda():restrict('k', 'gleh')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // we can set the access restriction of an inexistent Linda, it should store it and return the previous restriction
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); local r2 = l:restrict('k'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'set/get')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); local r2 = l:restrict('k'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'send/receive')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // we can replace the restriction on a restricted linda
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); local r2 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'send/receive')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // we can remove the restriction on a restricted linda
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); local r2 = l:restrict('k', 'none'); local r3 = l:restrict('k'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'send/receive' and r3 == 'none')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // can't use send/receive on a 'set/get'-restricted key
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); l:send('k', 'bob')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); l:receive('k')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // can't use get/set on a 'send/receive'-restricted key
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); l:set('k', 'bob')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); l:get('k')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-
-    // emptying a restricted key should not cause the restriction to be forgotten
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); l:set('k'); assert(l:restrict('k')=='set/get')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
+    SECTION("linda::restrict()")
+    {
+        // we can read the access restriction of an inexistent Linda, it should tell us there is no restriction
+        S.requireSuccess("local r = lanes.linda():restrict('k'); assert(r=='none')");
+        // setting an unknown access restriction should fail
+        S.requireFailure("lanes.linda():restrict('k', 'gleh')");
+        // we can set the access restriction of an inexistent Linda, it should store it and return the previous restriction
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); local r2 = l:restrict('k'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'set/get')");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); local r2 = l:restrict('k'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'send/receive')");
+
+        // we can replace the restriction on a restricted linda
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); local r2 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'send/receive')");
+
+        // we can remove the restriction on a restricted linda
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); local r2 = l:restrict('k', 'none'); local r3 = l:restrict('k'); assert(r1=='none' and r2 == 'send/receive' and r3 == 'none')");
+
+        // can't use send/receive on a 'set/get'-restricted key
+        S.requireFailure("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); l:send('k', 'bob')");
+        S.requireFailure("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); l:receive('k')");
+        // can't use get/set on a 'send/receive'-restricted key
+        S.requireFailure("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); l:set('k', 'bob')");
+        S.requireFailure("local l = lanes.linda(); local r1 = l:restrict('k', 'send/receive'); l:get('k')");
+
+        // emptying a restricted key should not cause the restriction to be forgotten
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:restrict('k', 'set/get'); l:set('k'); assert(l:restrict('k')=='set/get')");
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaSet)
-{
-    // we can store more data than the specified limit
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 1); local r,s = l:set('k', 'a', 'b', 'c'); assert(r == false and s == 'over'); assert(l:count('k') == 3)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // setting nothing in an inexistent key does not create it
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k'); assert(l:count('k') == nil)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // setting a key with some values yields the correct count
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a'); assert(l:count('k') == 1) "), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 1); local r,s = l:set('k', 'a'); assert(r == false and s == 'exact'); assert(l:count('k') == 1)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'); assert(l:count('k') == 4) "), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // setting nothing in an existing key removes it ...
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a'); assert(l:count('k') == 1); l:set('k'); assert(l:count('k') == nil) "), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // ... but not if there is a limit (because we don't want to forget it)
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 1); l:set('k', 'a'); l:set('k'); assert(l:count('k') == 0) "), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
+    SECTION("linda:set()")
+    {
+        // we can store more data than the specified limit
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 1); local r,s = l:set('k', 'a', 'b', 'c'); assert(r == false and s == 'over'); assert(l:count('k') == 3)");
+        // setting nothing in an inexistent key does not create it
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k'); assert(l:count('k') == nil)");
+        // setting a key with some values yields the correct count
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a'); assert(l:count('k') == 1) ");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 1); local r,s = l:set('k', 'a'); assert(r == false and s == 'exact'); assert(l:count('k') == 1)");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'); assert(l:count('k') == 4) ");
+        // setting nothing in an existing key removes it ...
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:set('k', 'a'); assert(l:count('k') == 1); l:set('k'); assert(l:count('k') == nil) ");
+        // ... but not if there is a limit (because we don't want to forget it)
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:limit('k', 1); l:set('k', 'a'); l:set('k'); assert(l:count('k') == 0) ");
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaCancel)
-{
-    // unknown linda cancellation mode should raise an error
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('zbougli');"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // cancelling a linda should change its cancel status to 'cancelled'
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('read'); assert(l.status == 'cancelled')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('write'); assert(l.status == 'cancelled')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('both'); assert(l.status == 'cancelled')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // resetting the linda cancel status
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('none'); assert(l.status == 'active')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-}
+    SECTION("linda:cancel()")
+    {
+        // unknown linda cancellation mode should raise an error
+        S.requireFailure("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('zbougli');");
+        // cancelling a linda should change its cancel status to 'cancelled'
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('read'); assert(l.status == 'cancelled')");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('write'); assert(l.status == 'cancelled')");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('both'); assert(l.status == 'cancelled')");
+        // resetting the linda cancel status
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:cancel('none'); assert(l.status == 'active')");
+    }
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-TEST_F(OneKeeperLindaTests, LindaWake)
-{
-    // unknown linda wake mode should raise an error
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('boulgza');"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    // waking a linda should not change its cancel status
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('read'); assert(l.status == 'active')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('write'); assert(l.status == 'active')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('both'); assert(l.status == 'active')"), LuaError::OK) << S;
+    SECTION("linda:wake()")
+    {
+        // unknown linda wake mode should raise an error
+        S.requireFailure("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('boulgza');");
+        // waking a linda should not change its cancel status
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('read'); assert(l.status == 'active')");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('write'); assert(l.status == 'active')");
+        S.requireSuccess("local l = lanes.linda(); l:wake('both'); assert(l.status == 'active')");
+    }
 }
 
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-class MultiKeeperLindaTests : public ::testing::Test
+TEST_CASE("multi Keeper Lindas")
 {
-    protected:
     LuaState S{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
 
-    void SetUp() override
-    {
-        std::ignore = S.doString("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 3}");
-    }
-};
+    S.requireSuccess("lanes = require 'lanes'.configure{nb_user_keepers = 3}");
 
-TEST_F(MultiKeeperLindaTests, LindaCreation)
-{
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(-1)"), LuaError::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(0)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(1)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(2)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_EQ(S.doString("lanes.linda(3)"), LuaError::OK) << S;
-    EXPECT_NE(S.doString("lanes.linda(4)"), LuaError::OK);
+    S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(-1)");
+    S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(0)");
+    S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(1)");
+    S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(2)");
+    S.requireSuccess("lanes.linda(3)");
+    S.requireFailure("lanes.linda(4)");
 }
 
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-    LindaScriptedTests,
-    UnitTestRunner,
-    ::testing::Values(
+TEST_CASE("linda scripted tests")
+{
+    auto const& _testParam = GENERATE(
         FileRunnerParam{ "linda/send_receive", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },
         FileRunnerParam{ "linda/send_registered_userdata", TestType::AssertNoLuaError },
         FileRunnerParam{ "linda/multiple_keepers", TestType::AssertNoLuaError }
-    )
-    //,[](::testing::TestParamInfo<FileRunnerParam> const& info_) { return std::string{ info_.param.script }; }
-);
+    );
+
+    FileRunner _runner(R"(.\lanes\unit_tests\scripts)");
+    _runner.performTest(_testParam);
+}
diff --git a/unit_tests/shared.cpp b/unit_tests/shared.cpp
index 14b2b13..0825227 100644
--- a/unit_tests/shared.cpp
+++ b/unit_tests/shared.cpp
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ namespace
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-TEST(Internals, StackChecker)
+TEST_CASE("stack checker")
 {
     LuaState _L{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
     StackChecker::CallsCassert = false;
 
     auto _doStackCheckerTest = [&_L](lua_CFunction const _f, LuaError const _expected) {
         lua_pushcfunction(_L, _f);
-        ASSERT_EQ(ToLuaError(lua_pcall(_L, 0, 0, 0)), _expected);
+        REQUIRE(ToLuaError(lua_pcall(_L, 0, 0, 0)) == _expected);
     };
 
     // function where the StackChecker detects something wrong with the stack
@@ -289,6 +289,66 @@ LuaError LuaState::loadFile(std::filesystem::path const& root_, std::string_view
 
 // #################################################################################################
 
+void LuaState::requireFailure(std::string_view const& script_)
+{
+    auto const _result{ doString(script_) };
+    REQUIRE(_result != LuaError::OK);
+    if (_result == LuaError::OK) {
+        INFO(luaG_tostring(L, kIdxTop));
+    }
+    lua_settop(L, 0);
+}
+
+// #################################################################################################
+
+void LuaState::requireNotReturnedString(std::string_view const& script_, std::string_view const& unexpected_)
+{
+    auto const _result{ doStringAndRet(script_) };
+    REQUIRE(_result != unexpected_);
+    if (_result == unexpected_) {
+        INFO(_result);
+    }
+    lua_settop(L, 0);
+}
+
+// #################################################################################################
+
+void LuaState::requireReturnedString(std::string_view const& script_, std::string_view const& expected_)
+{
+    auto const _result{ doStringAndRet(script_) };
+    REQUIRE(_result == expected_);
+    if (_result != expected_) {
+        INFO(_result);
+    }
+    lua_settop(L, 0);
+}
+
+// #################################################################################################
+
+void LuaState::requireSuccess(std::string_view const& script_)
+{
+    auto const _result{ doString(script_) };
+    REQUIRE(_result == LuaError::OK);
+    if (_result != LuaError::OK) {
+        INFO(luaG_tostring(L, kIdxTop));
+    }
+    lua_settop(L, 0);
+}
+
+// #################################################################################################
+
+void LuaState::requireSuccess(std::filesystem::path const& root_, std::string_view const& path_)
+{
+    auto const _result{ doFile(root_, path_) };
+    REQUIRE(_result == LuaError::OK);
+    if (_result != LuaError::OK) {
+        INFO(luaG_tostring(L, kIdxTop));
+    }
+    lua_settop(L, 0);
+}
+
+// #################################################################################################
+
 LuaError LuaState::runChunk() const
 {
     STACK_CHECK_START_ABS(L, 1); // we must start with the chunk on the stack (or an error string if it failed to load)
@@ -300,61 +360,61 @@ LuaError LuaState::runChunk() const
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-TEST(LuaState, DoString)
+TEST_CASE("LuaState::doString")
 {
     LuaState _L{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ false } };
     // if the script fails to load, we should find the error message at the top of the stack
-    ASSERT_TRUE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("function end"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::STRING; }());
+    REQUIRE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("function end"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::STRING; }());
 
     // if the script runs, the stack should contain its return value
-    ASSERT_TRUE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("return true"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::BOOLEAN; }());
-    ASSERT_TRUE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("return 'hello'"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{1}) == "hello"; }());
+    REQUIRE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("return true"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::BOOLEAN; }());
+    REQUIRE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("return 'hello'"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{1}) == "hello"; }());
     // or nil if it didn't return anything
-    ASSERT_TRUE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("return"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::NIL; }());
+    REQUIRE([&L = _L]() { std::ignore = L.doString("return"); return lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::NIL; }());
 
     // on failure, doStringAndRet returns "", and the error message is on the stack
-    ASSERT_TRUE([&L = _L]() { return L.doStringAndRet("function end") == "" && lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::STRING && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{1}) != ""; }());
+    REQUIRE([&L = _L]() { return L.doStringAndRet("function end") == "" && lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{ 1 }) == LuaType::STRING && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{ 1 }) != ""; }());
     // on success doStringAndRet returns the string returned by the script, that is also at the top of the stack
-    ASSERT_TRUE([&L = _L]() { return L.doStringAndRet("return 'hello'") == "hello" && lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::STRING && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{1}) == "hello"; }());
+    REQUIRE([&L = _L]() { return L.doStringAndRet("return 'hello'") == "hello" && lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{ 1 }) == LuaType::STRING && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{ 1 }) == "hello"; }());
     // if the returned value is not (convertible to) a string, we should get an empty string out of doStringAndRet
-    ASSERT_TRUE([&L = _L]() { return L.doStringAndRet("return function() end") == "" && lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{1}) == LuaType::FUNCTION && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{1}) == ""; }());
+    REQUIRE([&L = _L]() { return L.doStringAndRet("return function() end") == "" && lua_gettop(L) == 1 && luaG_type(L, StackIndex{ 1 }) == LuaType::FUNCTION && luaG_tostring(L, StackIndex{ 1 }) == ""; }());
 }
 
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
-// UnitTestRunner
+// FileRunner
 // #################################################################################################
 // #################################################################################################
 
-UnitTestRunner::UnitTestRunner()
+FileRunner::FileRunner(std::string_view const& where_)
+: LuaState{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ true } }
 {
     [[maybe_unused]] std::filesystem::path const _current{ std::filesystem::current_path() };
-    std::filesystem::path _assertPath{ R"(.\lanes\unit_tests\scripts)" };
+    std::filesystem::path _path{ where_ };
+    root = std::filesystem::canonical(_path).generic_string();
     // I need to append that path to the list of locations where modules can be required
-    // so that the scripts can require "_assert" and find _assert.lua (same with "_utils.lua")
+    // so that the legacy scripts can require"assert" and find assert.lua
     std::string _script{ "package.path = package.path.." };
     _script += "';";
-    _script += std::filesystem::canonical(_assertPath).generic_string();
+    _script += root;
     _script += "/?.lua'";
-    std::ignore = L.doString(_script.c_str());
-
-    root = std::filesystem::canonical(R"(.\lanes\unit_tests\scripts)").generic_string();
+    std::ignore = doString(_script.c_str());
 }
 
 // #################################################################################################
 
-TEST_P(UnitTestRunner, ScriptedTest)
+void FileRunner::performTest(FileRunnerParam const& testParam_)
 {
-    FileRunnerParam const& _param = GetParam();
-    switch (_param.test) {
+    INFO(testParam_.script);
+    switch (testParam_.test) {
     case TestType::AssertNoLuaError:
-        ASSERT_EQ(L.doFile(root, _param.script), LuaError::OK) << L;
+        requireSuccess(root, testParam_.script);
         break;
     case TestType::AssertNoThrow:
-        ASSERT_NO_THROW((std::ignore = L.doFile(root, _param.script), L.close())) << L;
+        REQUIRE_NOTHROW((std::ignore = doFile(root, testParam_.script), close()));
         break;
     case TestType::AssertThrows:
-        ASSERT_THROW((std::ignore = L.doFile(root, _param.script), L.close()), std::logic_error) << L;
+        REQUIRE_THROWS_AS((std::ignore = doFile(root, testParam_.script), close()), std::logic_error);
         break;
     }
 }
diff --git a/unit_tests/shared.h b/unit_tests/shared.h
index bf3a747..2a32269 100644
--- a/unit_tests/shared.h
+++ b/unit_tests/shared.h
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ class LuaState
 
     LuaState(LuaState&& rhs_) = default;
 
+    public:
+
     operator lua_State*() const { return L; }
 
     void stackCheck(int delta_) { STACK_CHECK(L, delta_); }
@@ -35,6 +37,11 @@ class LuaState
     LuaError loadString(std::string_view const& str_) const;
     [[nodiscard]]
     LuaError loadFile(std::filesystem::path const& root_, std::string_view const& str_) const;
+    void requireFailure(std::string_view const& script_);
+    void requireNotReturnedString(std::string_view const& script_, std::string_view const& unexpected_);
+    void requireReturnedString(std::string_view const& script_, std::string_view const& expected_);
+    void requireSuccess(std::string_view const& script_);
+    void requireSuccess(std::filesystem::path const& root_, std::string_view const& path_);
     [[nodiscard]]
     LuaError runChunk() const;
 
@@ -45,9 +52,6 @@ class LuaState
     }
 };
 
-#define LUA_EXPECT_SUCCESS(S_, WHAT_) { LuaState S{ std::move(S_) }; EXPECT_EQ(S.WHAT_, LuaError::OK) << S; }
-#define LUA_EXPECT_FAILURE(S_, WHAT_) { LuaState S{ std::move(S_) }; EXPECT_NE(S.WHAT_, LuaError::OK) << S; }
-
 // #################################################################################################
 
 enum class TestType
@@ -63,33 +67,17 @@ struct FileRunnerParam
     TestType test;
 };
 
-class FileRunner : public ::testing::TestWithParam<FileRunnerParam>
+class FileRunner : private LuaState
 {
-    protected:
-    LuaState L{ LuaState::WithBaseLibs{ true }, LuaState::WithFixture{ true } };
-    std::string root;
+    private:
 
-    ~FileRunner() override
-    {
-        lua_settop(L, 0);
-    }
-    void SetUp() override
-    {
-        lua_settop(L, 0);
-    }
+    std::string root;
 
-    void TearDown() override
-    {
-        lua_settop(L, 0);
-    }
-};
+    public:
 
-// #################################################################################################
+    FileRunner(std::string_view const& where_);
 
-class UnitTestRunner : public FileRunner
-{
-    public:
-    UnitTestRunner();
+    void performTest(FileRunnerParam const& testParam_);
 };
 
 // #################################################################################################