all accesses to TObjects done through macros

10 files changed, 173 insertions, 185 deletions

diff --git a/lapi.c b/lapi.c
index 61302603..9c5bda01 100644
--- a/lapi.c
+++ b/lapi.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lapi.c,v 1.115 2001/01/10 17:41:50 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lapi.c,v 1.116 2001/01/10 18:56:11 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua API
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ const char lua_ident[] = "$Lua: " LUA_VERSION " " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $\n"
 
 
 
-
 TObject *luaA_index (lua_State *L, int index) {
   return Index(L, index);
 }
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ static TObject *luaA_indexAcceptable (lua_State *L, int index) {
 
 
 void luaA_pushobject (lua_State *L, const TObject *o) {
-  *L->top = *o;
+  setobj(L->top, o);
   incr_top;
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index) {
 
 LUA_API void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index) {
   StkId p = luaA_index(L, index);
-  while (++p < L->top) *(p-1) = *p;
+  while (++p < L->top) setobj(p-1, p);
   L->top--;
 }
 
@@ -88,14 +87,13 @@ LUA_API void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index) {
 LUA_API void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index) {
   StkId p = luaA_index(L, index);
   StkId q;
-  for (q = L->top; q>p; q--)
-    *q = *(q-1);
-  *p = *L->top;
+  for (q = L->top; q>p; q--) setobj(q, q-1);
+  setobj(p, L->top);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index) {
-  *L->top = *luaA_index(L, index);
+  setobj(L->top, luaA_index(L, index));
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
@@ -200,21 +198,19 @@ LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index) {
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TNIL;
+  setnilvalue(L->top);
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) {
-  nvalue(L->top) = n;
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TNUMBER;
+  setnvalue(L->top, n);
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {
-  tsvalue(L->top) = luaS_newlstr(L, s, len);
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TSTRING;
+  setsvalue(L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, s, len));
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
@@ -236,8 +232,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_pushusertag (lua_State *L, void *u, int tag) {
   /* ORDER LUA_T */
   if (!(tag == LUA_ANYTAG || tag == LUA_TUSERDATA || validtag(tag)))
     luaO_verror(L, "invalid tag for a userdata (%d)", tag);
-  tsvalue(L->top) = luaS_createudata(L, u, tag);
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TUSERDATA;
+  setuvalue(L->top, luaS_createudata(L, u, tag));
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
@@ -250,7 +245,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_pushusertag (lua_State *L, void *u, int tag) {
 
 LUA_API void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
   StkId top = L->top;
-  *top = *luaV_getglobal(L, luaS_new(L, name));
+  setobj(top, luaV_getglobal(L, luaS_new(L, name)));
   L->top = top;
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
@@ -259,7 +254,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
 LUA_API void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index) {
   StkId t = Index(L, index);
   StkId top = L->top;
-  *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, t);
+  setobj(top-1, luaV_gettable(L, t));
   L->top = top;  /* tag method may change top */
 }
 
@@ -267,31 +262,32 @@ LUA_API void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index) {
 LUA_API void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index) {
   StkId t = Index(L, index);
   LUA_ASSERT(ttype(t) == LUA_TTABLE, "table expected");
-  *(L->top - 1) = *luaH_get(hvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+  setobj(L->top - 1, luaH_get(hvalue(t), L->top - 1));
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, int n) {
   StkId o = Index(L, index);
   LUA_ASSERT(ttype(o) == LUA_TTABLE, "table expected");
-  *L->top = *luaH_getnum(hvalue(o), n);
+  setobj(L->top, luaH_getnum(hvalue(o), n));
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_getglobals (lua_State *L) {
-  hvalue(L->top) = L->gt;
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TTABLE;
+  sethvalue(L->top, L->gt);
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
 
 LUA_API int lua_getref (lua_State *L, int ref) {
-  if (ref == LUA_REFNIL)
-    ttype(L->top) = LUA_TNIL;
+  if (ref == LUA_REFNIL) {
+    setnilvalue(L->top);
+  }
   else if (0 <= ref && ref < L->nref &&
-          (L->refArray[ref].st == LOCK || L->refArray[ref].st == HOLD))
-    *L->top = L->refArray[ref].o;
+          (L->refArray[ref].st == LOCK || L->refArray[ref].st == HOLD)) {
+    setobj(L->top, &L->refArray[ref].o);
+  }
   else
     return 0;
   api_incr_top(L);
@@ -300,8 +296,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_getref (lua_State *L, int ref) {
 
 
 LUA_API void lua_newtable (lua_State *L) {
-  hvalue(L->top) = luaH_new(L, 0);
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TTABLE;
+  sethvalue(L->top, luaH_new(L, 0));
   api_incr_top(L);
 }
 
@@ -330,7 +325,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index) {
 LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index) {
   StkId t = Index(L, index);
   LUA_ASSERT(ttype(t) == LUA_TTABLE, "table expected");
-  *luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2) = *(L->top-1);
+  setobj(luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2), (L->top-1));
   L->top -= 2;
 }
 
@@ -338,7 +333,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index) {
 LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, int n) {
   StkId o = Index(L, index);
   LUA_ASSERT(ttype(o) == LUA_TTABLE, "table expected");
-  *luaH_setnum(L, hvalue(o), n) = *(L->top-1);
+  setobj(luaH_setnum(L, hvalue(o), n), (L->top-1));
   L->top--;
 }
 
@@ -364,7 +359,7 @@ LUA_API int lua_ref (lua_State *L,  int lock) {
                       MAX_INT, "reference table overflow");
       ref = L->nref++;
     }
-    L->refArray[ref].o = *(L->top-1);
+    setobj(&L->refArray[ref].o, L->top-1);
     L->refArray[ref].st = lock ? LOCK : HOLD;
   }
   L->top--;
@@ -442,8 +437,8 @@ LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index) {
   LUA_ASSERT(ttype(t) == LUA_TTABLE, "table expected");
   n = luaH_next(L, hvalue(t), luaA_index(L, -1));
   if (n) {
-    *(L->top-1) = *key(n);
-    *L->top = *val(n);
+    setobj(L->top-1, key(n));
+    setobj(L->top, val(n));
     api_incr_top(L);
     return 1;
   }
@@ -485,8 +480,7 @@ LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
 
 LUA_API void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size) {
   TString *ts = luaS_newudata(L, size, NULL);
-  tsvalue(L->top) = ts;
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TUSERDATA;
+  setuvalue(L->top, ts);
   api_incr_top(L);
   return ts->u.d.value;
 }
diff --git a/ldebug.c b/ldebug.c
index b3cc80d8..c0969359 100644
--- a/ldebug.c
+++ b/ldebug.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ldebug.c,v 1.51 2000/11/30 18:50:47 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ldebug.c,v 1.52 2000/12/26 18:46:09 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Debug Interface
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, StkId f, const char **name);
 
 static void setnormalized (TObject *d, const TObject *s) {
   if (ttype(s) == LUA_TMARK) {
-    clvalue(d) = infovalue(s)->func;
-    ttype(d) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+    setclvalue(d, infovalue(s)->func);
   }
-  else *d = *s;
+  else setobj(d, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ LUA_API lua_Hook lua_setlinehook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func) {
 static StkId aux_stackedfunction (lua_State *L, int level, StkId top) {
   int i;
   for (i = (top-1) - L->stack; i>=0; i--) {
-    if (is_T_MARK(L->stack[i].ttype)) {
+    if (is_T_MARK(&L->stack[i])) {
       if (level == 0)
         return L->stack+i;
       level--;
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@ LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
   if (!fp) return NULL;  /* `f' is not a Lua function? */
   name = luaF_getlocalname(fp, n, currentpc(f));
   if (!name || name[0] == '(') return NULL;  /* `(' starts private locals */
-  *((f+1)+(n-1)) = *L->top;
+  setobj((f+1)+(n-1), L->top);
   return name;
 }
 
diff --git a/ldo.c b/ldo.c
index 46c397ea..7586cdf3 100644
--- a/ldo.c
+++ b/ldo.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ldo.c,v 1.112 2001/01/10 16:58:11 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ldo.c,v 1.113 2001/01/10 18:56:11 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Stack and Call structure of Lua
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void luaD_adjusttop (lua_State *L, StkId base, int extra) {
   else {
     luaD_checkstack(L, diff);
     while (diff--)
-      ttype(L->top++) = LUA_TNIL;
+      setnilvalue(L->top++);
   }
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void luaD_adjusttop (lua_State *L, StkId base, int extra) {
 */
 static void luaD_openstack (lua_State *L, StkId pos) {
   int i = L->top-pos; 
-  while (i--) pos[i+1] = pos[i];
+  while (i--) setobj(pos+i+1, pos+i);
   incr_top;
 }
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ static StkId callCclosure (lua_State *L, const struct Closure *cl, StkId base) {
   L->Cbase = base;       /* new base for C function */
   luaD_checkstack(L, nup+LUA_MINSTACK);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
   for (n=0; n<nup; n++)  /* copy upvalues as extra arguments */
-    *(L->top++) = cl->upvalue[n];
+    setobj(L->top++, &cl->upvalue[n]);
   n = (*cl->f.c)(L);  /* do the actual call */
   L->Cbase = old_Cbase;  /* restore old C base */
   return L->top - n;  /* return index of first result */
@@ -142,8 +142,7 @@ static StkId callCclosure (lua_State *L, const struct Closure *cl, StkId base) {
 void luaD_callTM (lua_State *L, Closure *f, int nParams, int nResults) {
   StkId base = L->top - nParams;
   luaD_openstack(L, base);
-  clvalue(base) = f;
-  ttype(base) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+  setclvalue(base, f);
   luaD_call(L, base, nResults);
 }
 
@@ -166,13 +165,11 @@ void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
     if (tm == NULL)
       luaG_typeerror(L, func, "call");
     luaD_openstack(L, func);
-    clvalue(func) = tm;  /* tag method is the new function to be called */
-    ttype(func) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+    setclvalue(func, tm);  /* tag method is the new function to be called */
   }
   cl = clvalue(func);
   ci.func = cl;
-  infovalue(func) = &ci;
-  ttype(func) = LUA_TMARK;
+  setivalue(func, &ci);
   callhook = L->callhook;
   if (callhook)
     luaD_callHook(L, func, callhook, "call");
@@ -184,15 +181,15 @@ void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
   /* move results to `func' (to erase parameters and function) */
   if (nResults == LUA_MULTRET) {
     while (firstResult < L->top)  /* copy all results */
-      *func++ = *firstResult++;
+      setobj(func++, firstResult++);
     L->top = func;
   }
   else {  /* copy at most `nResults' */
     for (; nResults > 0 && firstResult < L->top; nResults--)
-      *func++ = *firstResult++;
+      setobj(func++, firstResult++);
     L->top = func;
     for (; nResults > 0; nResults--) {  /* if there are not enough results */
-      ttype(L->top) = LUA_TNIL;  /* adjust the stack */
+      setnilvalue(L->top);  /* adjust the stack */
       incr_top;  /* must check stack space */
     }
   }
@@ -334,7 +331,7 @@ struct lua_longjmp {
 static void message (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
   const TObject *em = luaH_getstr(L->gt, luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ERRORMESSAGE));
   if (ttype(em) == LUA_TFUNCTION) {
-    *L->top = *em;
+    setobj(L->top, em);
     incr_top;
     lua_pushstring(L, s);
     luaD_call(L, L->top-2, 0);
diff --git a/lgc.c b/lgc.c
index 8c63570a..90630cd7 100644
--- a/lgc.c
+++ b/lgc.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lgc.c,v 1.74 2000/12/26 18:46:09 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lgc.c,v 1.75 2000/12/28 12:55:41 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Garbage Collector
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ static void markall (lua_State *L) {
 
 static int hasmark (const TObject *o) {
   /* valid only for locked objects */
-  switch (o->ttype) {
+  switch (ttype(o)) {
     case LUA_TSTRING: case LUA_TUSERDATA:
       return tsvalue(o)->marked;
     case LUA_TTABLE:
@@ -290,15 +290,14 @@ static void checkMbuffer (lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 
-static void callgcTM (lua_State *L, const TObject *o) {
-  Closure *tm = luaT_gettmbyObj(L, o, TM_GC);
+static void callgcTM (lua_State *L, const TObject *obj) {
+  Closure *tm = luaT_gettmbyObj(L, obj, TM_GC);
   if (tm != NULL) {
     int oldah = L->allowhooks;
     L->allowhooks = 0;  /* stop debug hooks during GC tag methods */
     luaD_checkstack(L, 2);
-    clvalue(L->top) = tm;
-    ttype(L->top) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
-    *(L->top+1) = *o;
+    setclvalue(L->top, tm);
+    setobj(L->top+1, obj);
     L->top += 2;
     luaD_call(L, L->top-2, 0);
     L->allowhooks = oldah;  /* restore hooks */
@@ -308,15 +307,14 @@ static void callgcTM (lua_State *L, const TObject *o) {
 
 static void callgcTMudata (lua_State *L) {
   int tag;
-  TObject o;
-  ttype(&o) = LUA_TUSERDATA;
   L->GCthreshold = 2*L->nblocks;  /* avoid GC during tag methods */
   for (tag=L->ntag-1; tag>=0; tag--) {  /* for each tag (in reverse order) */
     TString *udata;
     while ((udata = L->TMtable[tag].collected) != NULL) {
+      TObject obj;
       L->TMtable[tag].collected = udata->nexthash;  /* remove it from list */
-      tsvalue(&o) = udata;
-      callgcTM(L, &o);
+      setuvalue(&obj, udata);
+      callgcTM(L, &obj);
       luaM_free(L, udata, sizeudata(udata->len));
     }
   }
diff --git a/liolib.c b/liolib.c
index a2d96ca0..419cbf83 100644
--- a/liolib.c
+++ b/liolib.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: liolib.c,v 1.97 2001/01/10 16:58:11 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: liolib.c,v 1.98 2001/01/11 18:59:03 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Standard I/O (and system) library
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ static int pushresult (lua_State *L, int i) {
 
 
 static FILE *gethandle (lua_State *L, IOCtrl *ctrl, int f) {
-  void *p = lua_touserdata(L, f);
+  FILE *p = (FILE *)lua_touserdata(L, f);
   if (p != NULL) {  /* is `f' a userdata ? */
     int ftag = lua_tag(L, f);
     if (ftag == ctrl->iotag)  /* does it have the correct tag? */
-      return (FILE *)p;
+      return p;
     else if (ftag == ctrl->closedtag)
       lua_error(L, "cannot access a closed file");
     /* else go through */
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d) {
   lua_pushstring(L, key);
   lua_rawget(L, -2);
   if (lua_isnumber(L, -1))
-    res = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
+    res = (int)lua_tonumber(L, -1);
   else {
     if (d == -2)
       luaL_verror(L, "field `%.20s' missing in date table", key);
diff --git a/lobject.h b/lobject.h
index 903833f0..ec27403c 100644
--- a/lobject.h
+++ b/lobject.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lobject.h,v 1.84 2000/12/04 18:33:40 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lobject.h,v 1.85 2000/12/28 12:55:41 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Type definitions for Lua objects
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -40,32 +40,61 @@
 
 
 /* check whether `t' is a mark */
-#define is_T_MARK(t)    ((t) == LUA_TMARK)
+#define is_T_MARK(t)    (ttype(t) == LUA_TMARK)
 
 
 typedef union {
-  struct TString *ts;   /* LUA_TSTRING, LUA_TUSERDATA */
-  struct Closure *cl;   /* LUA_TFUNCTION */
-  struct Hash *a;       /* LUA_TTABLE */
-  struct CallInfo *i;   /* LUA_TLMARK */
+  void *v;
   lua_Number n;         /* LUA_TNUMBER */
 } Value;
 
 
+typedef struct lua_TObject {
+  int tt;
+  Value value;
+} TObject;
+
+
 /* Macros to access values */
-#define ttype(o)        ((o)->ttype)
+#define ttype(o)        ((o)->tt)
 #define nvalue(o)       ((o)->value.n)
-#define tsvalue(o)      ((o)->value.ts)
-#define clvalue(o)      ((o)->value.cl)
-#define hvalue(o)       ((o)->value.a)
-#define infovalue(o)    ((o)->value.i)
+#define tsvalue(o)      ((struct TString *)(o)->value.v)
+#define clvalue(o)      ((struct Closure *)(o)->value.v)
+#define hvalue(o)       ((struct Hash *)(o)->value.v)
+#define infovalue(o)    ((struct CallInfo *)(o)->value.v)
 #define svalue(o)       (tsvalue(o)->str)
 
 
-typedef struct lua_TObject {
-  int ttype;
-  Value value;
-} TObject;
+/* Macros to set values */
+#define setnvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TObject *o=(obj); o->tt=LUA_TNUMBER; o->value.n=(x); }
+
+#define setsvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TObject *o=(obj); struct TString *v=(x); \
+    o->tt=LUA_TSTRING; o->value.v=v; }
+
+#define setuvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TObject *o=(obj); struct TString *v=(x); \
+    o->tt=LUA_TUSERDATA; o->value.v=v; }
+
+#define setclvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TObject *o=(obj); struct Closure *v=(x); \
+    o->tt=LUA_TFUNCTION; o->value.v=v; }
+
+#define sethvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TObject *o=(obj); struct Hash *v=(x); \
+    o->tt=LUA_TTABLE; o->value.v=v; }
+
+#define setivalue(obj,x) \
+  { TObject *o=(obj); struct CallInfo *v=(x); \
+    o->tt=LUA_TMARK; o->value.v=v; }
+
+#define setnilvalue(obj) { (obj)->tt=LUA_TNIL; }
+
+#define setobj(obj1,obj2) \
+  { TObject *o1=(obj1); const TObject *o2=(obj2); \
+    o1->tt=o2->tt; o1->value = o2->value; }
+
 
 
 /*
diff --git a/ltable.c b/ltable.c
index ba1ccbe8..f8eb931b 100644
--- a/ltable.c
+++ b/ltable.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltable.c,v 1.62 2000/12/28 12:55:41 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltable.c,v 1.63 2001/01/10 18:56:11 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua tables (hash)
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -143,8 +143,7 @@ void luaH_remove (Hash *t, TObject *key) {
         return;  /* give up; (to avoid overflow) */
       n += t->size;
     }
-    ttype(key) = LUA_TNUMBER;
-    nvalue(key) = n;
+    setnvalue(key, n);
     LUA_ASSERT(luaH_mainposition(t, key) == mp, "cannot change hash");
   }
 }
@@ -156,7 +155,8 @@ static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Hash *t, luint32 size) {
     lua_error(L, "table overflow");
   t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
   for (i=0; i<(int)size; i++) {
-    ttype(&t->node[i].key) = ttype(&t->node[i].val) = LUA_TNIL;
+    setnilvalue(&t->node[i].key);
+    setnilvalue(&t->node[i].val);
     t->node[i].next = NULL;
   }
   t->size = size;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ static void rehash (lua_State *L, Hash *t) {
   for (i=0; i<oldsize; i++) {
     Node *old = nold+i;
     if (ttype(&old->val) != LUA_TNIL)
-      *luaH_set(L, t, &old->key) = old->val;
+      setobj(luaH_set(L, t, &old->key), &old->val);
   }
   luaM_freearray(L, nold, oldsize, Node);  /* free old array */
 }
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ static TObject *newkey (lua_State *L, Hash *t, Node *mp, const TObject *key) {
       mp = n;
     }
   }
-  mp->key = *key;
+  setobj(&mp->key, key);
   for (;;) {  /* correct `firstfree' */
     if (ttype(&t->firstfree->key) == LUA_TNIL)
       return &mp->val;  /* OK; table still has a free place */
@@ -279,8 +279,7 @@ TObject *luaH_setnum (lua_State *L, Hash *t, lua_Number key) {
     else n = n->next;
   } while (n);
   /* `key' not found; must insert it */
-  ttype(&kobj) = LUA_TNUMBER;
-  nvalue(&kobj) = key;
+  setnvalue(&kobj, key);
   return newkey(L, t, mp, &kobj);
 }
 
@@ -295,8 +294,7 @@ TObject *luaH_setstr (lua_State *L, Hash *t, TString *key) {
     else n = n->next;
   } while (n);
   /* `key' not found; must insert it */
-  ttype(&kobj) = LUA_TSTRING;
-  tsvalue(&kobj) = key;
+  setsvalue(&kobj, key);
   return newkey(L, t, mp, &kobj);
 }
 
diff --git a/ltests.c b/ltests.c
index 97c63dfb..b767e2ca 100644
--- a/ltests.c
+++ b/ltests.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltests.c,v 1.55 2000/12/28 12:55:41 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltests.c,v 1.56 2001/01/15 16:13:24 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Internal Module for Debugging of the Lua Implementation
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -226,8 +226,7 @@ static int string_query (lua_State *L) {
     TString *ts;
     int n = 0;
     for (ts = tb->hash[s]; ts; ts = ts->nexthash) {
-      ttype(L->top) = LUA_TSTRING;
-      tsvalue(L->top) = ts;
+      setsvalue(L->top, ts);
       incr_top;
       n++;
     }
diff --git a/ltm.c b/ltm.c
index 78cebeb2..fa13cbfd 100644
--- a/ltm.c
+++ b/ltm.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: ltm.c,v 1.58 2000/12/26 18:46:09 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: ltm.c,v 1.59 2000/12/28 12:55:41 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Tag methods
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -129,11 +129,10 @@ LUA_API void lua_gettagmethod (lua_State *L, int t, const char *event) {
   e = luaI_checkevent(L, event, t);
   checktag(L, t);
   if (luaT_validevent(t, e) && luaT_gettm(L, t, e)) {
-    clvalue(L->top) = luaT_gettm(L, t, e);
-    ttype(L->top) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+    setclvalue(L->top, luaT_gettm(L, t, e));
   }
   else
-    ttype(L->top) = LUA_TNIL;
+    setnilvalue(L->top);
   incr_top;
 }
 
diff --git a/lvm.c b/lvm.c
index a589dd2c..fe2e8be2 100644
--- a/lvm.c
+++ b/lvm.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** $Id: lvm.c,v 1.152 2001/01/11 18:59:32 roberto Exp roberto $
+** $Id: lvm.c,v 1.153 2001/01/15 16:13:24 roberto Exp roberto $
 ** Lua virtual machine
 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
 */
@@ -57,8 +57,7 @@ int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, TObject *obj) {  /* LUA_NUMBER */
   else {
     char s[32];  /* 16 digits, sign, point and \0  (+ some extra...) */
     lua_number2str(s, nvalue(obj));  /* convert `s' to number */
-    tsvalue(obj) = luaS_new(L, s);
-    ttype(obj) = LUA_TSTRING;
+    setsvalue(obj, luaS_new(L, s));
     return 0;
   }
 }
@@ -89,9 +88,8 @@ static Closure *luaV_closure (lua_State *L, int nelems) {
   Closure *c = luaF_newclosure(L, nelems);
   L->top -= nelems;
   while (nelems--)
-    c->upvalue[nelems] = *(L->top+nelems);
-  clvalue(L->top) = c;
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+    setobj(&c->upvalue[nelems], L->top+nelems);
+  setclvalue(L->top, c);
   incr_top;
   return c;
 }
@@ -133,10 +131,9 @@ const TObject *luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, StkId t) {
   }
   if (tm != NULL) {  /* is there a tag method? */
     luaD_checkstack(L, 2);
-    *(L->top+1) = *(L->top-1);  /* key */
-    *L->top = *t;  /* table */
-    clvalue(L->top-1) = tm;  /* tag method */
-    ttype(L->top-1) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+    setobj(L->top+1, L->top-1);  /* key */
+    setobj(L->top, t);  /* table */
+    setclvalue(L->top-1, tm);  /* tag method */
     L->top += 2;
     luaD_call(L, L->top - 3, 1);
     return L->top - 1;  /* call result */
@@ -155,17 +152,17 @@ void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, StkId t, StkId key) {
   int tg;
   if (ttype(t) == LUA_TTABLE &&  /* `t' is a table? */
       ((tg = hvalue(t)->htag) == LUA_TTABLE ||  /* with default tag? */
-        luaT_gettm(L, tg, TM_SETTABLE) == NULL)) /* or no TM? */
-    *luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), key) = *(L->top-1);  /* do a primitive set */
+        luaT_gettm(L, tg, TM_SETTABLE) == NULL)) { /* or no TM? */
+    setobj(luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), key), L->top-1);  /* do a primitive set */
+  }
   else {  /* try a `settable' tag method */
     Closure *tm = luaT_gettmbyObj(L, t, TM_SETTABLE);
     if (tm != NULL) {
       luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
-      *(L->top+2) = *(L->top-1);
-      *(L->top+1) = *key;
-      *(L->top) = *t;
-      clvalue(L->top-1) = tm;
-      ttype(L->top-1) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+      setobj(L->top+2, L->top-1);
+      setobj(L->top+1, key);
+      setobj(L->top, t);
+      setclvalue(L->top-1, tm);
       L->top += 3;
       luaD_call(L, L->top - 4, 0);  /* call `settable' tag method */
     }
@@ -182,11 +179,9 @@ const TObject *luaV_getglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s) {
     return value;  /* default behavior */
   else {  /* tag method */
     luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
-    clvalue(L->top) = tm;
-    ttype(L->top) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
-    tsvalue(L->top+1) = s;  /* global name */
-    ttype(L->top+1) = LUA_TSTRING;
-    *(L->top+2) = *value;
+    setclvalue(L->top, tm);
+    setsvalue(L->top+1, s);  /* global name */
+    setobj(L->top+2, value);
     L->top += 3;
     luaD_call(L, L->top - 3, 1);
     return L->top - 1;
@@ -197,16 +192,15 @@ const TObject *luaV_getglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s) {
 void luaV_setglobal (lua_State *L, TString *s) {
   TObject *oldvalue = luaH_setstr(L, L->gt, s);
   Closure *tm = luaT_gettmbyObj(L, oldvalue, TM_SETGLOBAL);
-  if (tm == NULL)  /* no tag methods? */
-    *oldvalue = *(L->top - 1);  /* raw set */
+  if (tm == NULL) {  /* no tag methods? */
+    setobj(oldvalue, L->top - 1);  /* raw set */
+  }
   else {  /* call tag method */
     luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
-    *(L->top+2) = *(L->top-1);  /* new value */
-    *(L->top+1) = *oldvalue;
-    ttype(L->top) = LUA_TSTRING;
-    tsvalue(L->top) = s;
-    clvalue(L->top-1) = tm;
-    ttype(L->top-1) = LUA_TFUNCTION;
+    setobj(L->top+2, L->top-1);  /* new value */
+    setobj(L->top+1, oldvalue);  /* old value */
+    setsvalue(L->top, s);        /* var name */
+    setclvalue(L->top-1, tm);    /* tag method */
     L->top += 3;
     luaD_call(L, L->top - 4, 0);
   }
@@ -266,8 +260,8 @@ int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TObject *l, const TObject *r, StkId top)
     return luaV_strlessthan(tsvalue(l), tsvalue(r));
   else {  /* call TM */
     luaD_checkstack(L, 2);
-    *top++ = *l;
-    *top++ = *r;
+    setobj(top++, l);
+    setobj(top++, r);
     if (!call_binTM(L, top, TM_LT))
       luaG_ordererror(L, top-2);
     L->top--;
@@ -301,7 +295,7 @@ void luaV_strconc (lua_State *L, int total, StkId top) {
         memcpy(buffer+tl, tsvalue(top-i)->str, l);
         tl += l;
       }
-      tsvalue(top-n) = luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl);
+      setsvalue(top-n, luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl));
     }
     total -= n-1;  /* got `n' strings to create 1 new */
     top -= n-1;
@@ -310,18 +304,14 @@ void luaV_strconc (lua_State *L, int total, StkId top) {
 
 
 static void luaV_pack (lua_State *L, StkId firstelem) {
-  TObject *nf;
   int i;
   Hash *htab = luaH_new(L, 0);
   for (i=0; firstelem+i<L->top; i++)
-    *luaH_setnum(L, htab, i+1) = *(firstelem+i);
+    setobj(luaH_setnum(L, htab, i+1), firstelem+i);
   /* store counter in field `n' */
-  nf = luaH_setstr(L, htab, luaS_newliteral(L, "n"));
-  ttype(nf) = LUA_TNUMBER;
-  nvalue(nf) = i;
+  setnvalue(luaH_setstr(L, htab, luaS_newliteral(L, "n")), i);
   L->top = firstelem;  /* remove elements from the stack */
-  ttype(L->top) = LUA_TTABLE;
-  hvalue(L->top) = htab;
+  sethvalue(L->top, htab);
   incr_top;
 }
 
@@ -381,7 +371,7 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         int n = GETARG_U(i);
         LUA_ASSERT(n>0, "invalid argument");
         do {
-          ttype(top++) = LUA_TNIL;
+          setnilvalue(top++);
         } while (--n > 0);
         break;
       }
@@ -390,88 +380,74 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHINT: {
-        ttype(top) = LUA_TNUMBER;
-        nvalue(top) = (lua_Number)GETARG_S(i);
-        top++;
+        setnvalue(top++, (lua_Number)GETARG_S(i));
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHSTRING: {
-        ttype(top) = LUA_TSTRING;
-        tsvalue(top) = kstr[GETARG_U(i)];
-        top++;
+        setsvalue(top++, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]);
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHNUM: {
-        ttype(top) = LUA_TNUMBER;
-        nvalue(top) = tf->knum[GETARG_U(i)];
-        top++;
+        setnvalue(top++, tf->knum[GETARG_U(i)]);
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHNEGNUM: {
-        ttype(top) = LUA_TNUMBER;
-        nvalue(top) = -tf->knum[GETARG_U(i)];
-        top++;
+        setnvalue(top++, -tf->knum[GETARG_U(i)]);
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHUPVALUE: {
-        *top++ = cl->upvalue[GETARG_U(i)];
+        setobj(top++, &cl->upvalue[GETARG_U(i)]);
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETLOCAL: {
-        *top++ = *(base+GETARG_U(i));
+        setobj(top++, base+GETARG_U(i));
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETGLOBAL: {
         L->top = top;
-        *top = *luaV_getglobal(L, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]);
-        top++;
+        setobj(top++, luaV_getglobal(L, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]));
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETTABLE: {
         L->top = top;
         top--;
-        *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-1);
+        setobj(top-1, luaV_gettable(L, top-1));
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETDOTTED: {
-        ttype(top) = LUA_TSTRING;
-        tsvalue(top) = kstr[GETARG_U(i)];
+        setsvalue(top, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]);
         L->top = top+1;
-        *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-1);
+        setobj(top-1, luaV_gettable(L, top-1));
         break;
       }
       case OP_GETINDEXED: {
-        *top = *(base+GETARG_U(i));
+        setobj(top, base+GETARG_U(i));
         L->top = top+1;
-        *(top-1) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-1);
+        setobj(top-1, luaV_gettable(L, top-1));
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHSELF: {
         TObject receiver;
-        receiver = *(top-1);
-        ttype(top) = LUA_TSTRING;
-        tsvalue(top++) = kstr[GETARG_U(i)];
+        setobj(&receiver, top-1);
+        setsvalue(top++, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]);
         L->top = top;
-        *(top-2) = *luaV_gettable(L, top-2);
-        *(top-1) = receiver;
+        setobj(top-2, luaV_gettable(L, top-2));
+        setobj(top-1, &receiver);
         break;
       }
       case OP_CREATETABLE: {
         L->top = top;
         luaC_checkGC(L);
-        hvalue(top) = luaH_new(L, GETARG_U(i));
-        ttype(top) = LUA_TTABLE;
-        top++;
+        sethvalue(top++, luaH_new(L, GETARG_U(i)));
         break;
       }
       case OP_SETLOCAL: {
-        *(base+GETARG_U(i)) = *(--top);
+        setobj(base+GETARG_U(i), --top);
         break;
       }
       case OP_SETGLOBAL: {
-        L->top = top;
+        L->top = top--;
         luaV_setglobal(L, kstr[GETARG_U(i)]);
-        top--;
         break;
       }
       case OP_SETTABLE: {
@@ -487,7 +463,7 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         Hash *arr = hvalue(top-n-1);
         L->top = top-n;  /* final value of `top' (in case of errors) */
         for (; n; n--)
-          *luaH_setnum(L, arr, n+aux) = *(--top);
+          setobj(luaH_setnum(L, arr, n+aux), --top);
         break;
       }
       case OP_SETMAP: {
@@ -497,7 +473,7 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         L->top = finaltop;  /* final value of `top' (in case of errors) */
         for (; n; n--) {
           top-=2;
-          *luaH_set(L, arr, top) = *(top+1);
+          setobj(luaH_set(L, arr, top), top+1);
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -511,8 +487,7 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
       }
       case OP_ADDI: {
         if (tonumber(top-1)) {
-          ttype(top) = LUA_TNUMBER;
-          nvalue(top) = (lua_Number)GETARG_S(i);
+          setnvalue(top, (lua_Number)GETARG_S(i));
           call_arith(L, top+1, TM_ADD);
         }
         else
@@ -559,7 +534,7 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
       }
       case OP_MINUS: {
         if (tonumber(top-1)) {
-          ttype(top) = LUA_TNIL;
+          setnilvalue(top);
           call_arith(L, top+1, TM_UNM);
         }
         else
@@ -625,7 +600,7 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         break;
       }
       case OP_PUSHNILJMP: {
-        ttype(top++) = LUA_TNIL;
+        setnilvalue(top++);
         pc++;
         break;
       }
@@ -669,8 +644,8 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         }
         else {
           top += 2;  /* index,value */
-          *(top-2) = *key(node);
-          *(top-1) = *val(node);
+          setobj(top-2, key(node));
+          setobj(top-1, val(node));
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -681,8 +656,8 @@ StkId luaV_execute (lua_State *L, const Closure *cl, StkId base) {
         if (node == NULL)  /* end loop? */
           top -= 3;  /* remove table, key, and value */
         else {
-          *(top-2) = *key(node);
-          *(top-1) = *val(node);
+          setobj(top-2, key(node));
+          setobj(top-1, val(node));
           dojump(pc, i);  /* repeat loop */
         }
         break;