Working on the manual...

Making better tests for error messages.
Changed a few names.
Moved gethostname to inet.c.

21 files changed, 340 insertions, 314 deletions

diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index f6a67f1..4dd0766 100644
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 manual
+    check all occurences of it's
     add shutdown
     add gethostname
     the need of a content-length header in the post method...
@@ -22,6 +23,11 @@ tests
     checar garbage collection
     check for interrupts
 
+close has to block...
+fmt is not a good name
+change wrap() to accept a number and default to "character"
+move gethostname to dns table
+get rid of _cb in name of functions? 
 trust character constants in mime.c? noooooo.
 smtp.lua needs stuff filter
 
diff --git a/doc/callback.html b/doc/callback.html
index 2c7ecd5..94af8ff 100644
--- a/doc/callback.html
+++ b/doc/callback.html
@@ -45,113 +45,72 @@ callback mechanism outlined below.
 </p>
 
 <p>
-Instead of  returning the entire contents of an entity 
-as strings to the Lua  application, the library allows  the user to
+Instead of  returning the received contents 
+as a big to the Lua  application, the library allows  the user to
 provide a  <em>receive callback</em> that  will be called  with successive
 chunks of data, as the data becomes available. Conversely, the <em>send
-callbacks</em> can be used when the application wants to incrementally 
-provide LuaSocket with the data to be sent. 
+callback</em> mechanism can be used when the application wants to incrementally provide LuaSocket with the data to be sent. 
 </p>
 
 <!-- tohostname +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
-<p class=name id=receive_cb> 
-ret, err_or_f = <b>receive_cb(</b>chunk, err<b>)</b>
+<p class=name id=receive> 
+<b>receive_cb(</b>chunk, err<b>)</b>
 </p>
 
 <p class=description>
-The  callback provided  by the  user will  be repeatedly  called by  the
-library whenever  new data  is available.  Each time  it is  called, the
-callback receives  successive chunks  of downloaded  data. 
+A receive callback will  be repeatedly  called by
+LuaSocket wheneve  new data  is available.  Each time  it is  called, the
+callback receives successive chunks of downloaded data. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=parameters>
-<tt>Chunk</tt> contains the current chunk of data.
-When the transmission  is over, the function  is called with an  
-empty string (i.e.&nbsp;<tt>""</tt>) as  the <tt>chunk</tt>. 
-If an  error occurs, the function  receives <tt>nil</tt> 
-as <tt>chunk</tt> and  an error  message in <tt>err</tt>. 
+<tt>Chunk</tt> contains the latest downloaded chunk of data.
+When the transmission is over, the function  is called with an  
+empty string (i.e.&nbsp;<tt>""</tt>) in <tt>chunk</tt>. 
+If an  error occurs, the function  receives a <b><tt>nil</tt></b> 
+<tt>chunk</tt> and  an error message in <tt>err</tt>. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=return>
-The callback  can abort transmission by returning <tt>nil</tt> as its first
-return value, and an optional error  message as the
-second return value. If the application wants to continue receiving
-data, the function should return non-<tt>nil</tt> as it's first return
-value. In this case, the function can optionally return a 
-new callback function, to replace itself, as the second return value.  
-</p>
-
-<p class=note>
-Note: The <tt>callback</tt> module provides several standard receive callbacks, including the following:
-</p>
-
-<pre class=example>
-function receive.concat(concat)
-    concat = concat or socket.concat.create()
-    local callback = function(chunk, err)
-        -- if not finished, add chunk
-        if chunk and chunk ~= "" then
-            concat:addstring(chunk)
-            return 1
-        end
-    end
-    return callback, concat
-end
-</pre>
-
-<p class=note>
-This function creates a new receive callback that concatenates all
-received chunks into a the same concat object, which can later be 
-queried for its contents.
+The callback  can abort transmission by returning <b><tt>nil</tt></b> as its first
+return value, and an optional error message as the
+second return value. To continue receiving
+data, the function should return non-<b><tt>nil</tt></b> as its first return
+value. Optionally,  in this case, it may return a 
+second return value, with a new callback function to take its place.
 </p>
 
 <!-- send_cb ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
-<p class=name>
-chunk, err_or_r = <b>send_cb()</b>
+<p class=name id=send>
+<b>send_cb()</b>
 </p>
 
 <p class=description>
-The callback provided by the user will be repeatedly called whenever the
-library needs more data to be sent. 
+A send callback will be called whenever LuaSocket 
+needs more data to be sent. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=return> 
 Each time the callback is called, it should return the next chunk of data.  It
 can optionally return, as it's second return value, a new callback to replace
 itself.  The callback can abort the  process  at any  time  by  returning
-<tt>nil</tt> followed  by  an optional error message. 
-</p>
-
-<p class=note>
-Note: Below is the implementation of the <tt>callback.send.file</tt> 
-function. Given an open file handle, it returns a send callback that will send the contents of that file, chunk by chunk.
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed  by  an optional error message. 
 </p>
 
-<pre class=example>
-function send.file(file, io_err)
-    -- if successful, return the callback that reads from the file
-    if file then
-        return function()
-            -- send next block of data
-            return (file:read(BLOCKSIZE)) or ""
-        end
-    -- else, return a callback that just aborts the transfer
-    else return fail(io_err or "unable to open file") end
-end
-</pre>
-
 <!-- predefined +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
 <h2 id=predefined>Predefined Callbacks</h2> 
 
 <p>
-The module <tt>callback.lua</tt> provides several predefined callbacks to
+The Callback module provides several predefined callbacks to
 perform the most common input/output operations. Callbacks are provided
 that send and receive contents of files and strings. Furthermore,
 composition functions are provided to chain callbacks with filters, such as
-the filters defined in the <tt>mime.lua</tt> module.
+the filters defined in the <a href=mime.html>MIME</a> module.
+Together, these two modules provide a powerful interface to send and
+receive information.
 </p>
 
 <!-- send.file ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
@@ -161,15 +120,16 @@ the filters defined in the <tt>mime.lua</tt> module.
 </p>
 
 <p class=description>
-This function creates a send callback that will return the contents
-of a the file, until the file has been entirely sent. When done, the
-callback closes the file. 
+This function creates a send callback that returns the contents
+of a file, chunk by chunk, until the file has been entirely sent. 
+When done, the callback closes the file. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=parameters>
-<tt>File</tt> is a file open for reading. If <tt>file</tt> is 
-<tt>nil</tt>, <tt>io_err</tt> can contain an error message and the 
-returned callback just aborts transmission with the error message.
+<tt>File</tt> is a file opened for reading. If <tt>file</tt> is 
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b>, <tt>io_err</tt> can contain an error message. In this
+case, the function returns a callback that just aborts 
+transmission with the error message.
 </p>
 
 <p class=return>
@@ -177,14 +137,14 @@ Returns a send callback for the file.
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
-Note: The function is designed so that it directly accepts the return 
+Note: This function is designed so that it directly accepts the return 
 values of the <tt>io.open</tt> function.
 </p>
 
 <!-- send.string ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
 <p class=name id=send.string> 
-<b>send.string(</b>str<b>)</b>
+<b>send.string(</b>str, err<b>)</b>
 </p>
 
 <p class=description>
@@ -193,29 +153,33 @@ the contents of a string.
 </p>
 
 <p class=parameters>
-<tt>Str</tt> is the string to be sent.
+<tt>Str</tt> is the string to be sent. 
+<!--
+If <tt>str</tt> is
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b>, <tt>err</tt> can optionally contain an error message.
+-->
 </p>
 
 <p class=return>
-Returns a send callback for the string, or <tt>nil</tt> if the string is
-<tt>nil</tt>.
+Returns a send callback for the string, or <b><tt>nil</tt></b> if the string is
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b>.
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
-Note: If any function in the LuaSocket API receives a <tt>nil</tt> 
-send callback, it assumes there is nothing to be sent. 
+Note: A <tt>nil</tt></b> 
+send callback is equivalent to a callback that returns the empty string. 
 </p>
 
 <!-- send.chain ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
-<p class=name id=send.string> 
+<p class=name id=send.chain> 
 <b>send.chain(</b>send_cb, filter<b>)</b>
 </p>
 
 <p class=description>
-This function creates a send callback that will send
-all data that it gets from another callback, 
-after passing the data through a filter. 
+This function creates a send callback that will filter 
+all the data it receives from another send callback, before
+sending it through. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=parameters>
@@ -226,7 +190,29 @@ after passing the data through a filter.
 Returns a callback chained with the filter. 
 </p>
 
-(write a note!)
+<p class=note>
+Note: Several filters are defined in the <a href=mime.html>MIME</a> 
+module. Below is an example that creates a send callback that sends
+a file's contents encoded in the Base64 transfer content encoding.
+</p>
+
+<pre class=example>
+send_cb = socket.callback.send.chain(
+   socket.callback.send.file(io.open("input.bin"))
+   socket.mime.chain(
+       socket.mime.encode("base64"),
+       socket.mime.wrap("base64")
+   )
+)
+</pre>
+
+<p class=note>
+The call to <a href=mime.html#chain><tt>socket.mime.chain</tt></a> 
+creates a chained filter that encodes it's input and then breaks it
+into lines. The call to <tt>socket.callback.chain</tt> creates a chained
+send callback that reads the file from disk and passes it through the
+filter before sending it.
+</p>
 
 <!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
diff --git a/doc/code.html b/doc/code.html
index 45fd21a..4668b7a 100644
--- a/doc/code.html
+++ b/doc/code.html
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ Applies the Base  64 content coding to a string.
 <p class=parameters>
 <tt>Content</tt> is the string to be encoded. 
 If  <tt>single</tt> is set  to  anything  
-but <tt>nil</tt>, the output is returned as a single 
+but <b><tt>nil</tt></b>, the output is returned as a single 
 line, otherwise the function splits the content into 76 character long
 lines after encoding.
 </p>
diff --git a/doc/dns.html b/doc/dns.html
index 6abf341..17cee45 100644
--- a/doc/dns.html
+++ b/doc/dns.html
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Converts from IP address to host name.
 <p class=return>
 The function a string  with the canonic host name of the given
 <tt>address</tt>, followed  by a  table with  all  information returned  by
-the  resolver.  In  case of error, the function returns <tt>nil</tt>
+the  resolver.  In  case of error, the function returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b>
 followed by an error message.  
 </p>
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Converts from host name to IP address.
 <p class=return> 
 Returns a string  with the first IP address  found for <tt>address</tt>,
 followed  by a  table with  all  information returned  by the  resolver.
-In  case of error, the function returns <tt>nil</tt> followed by an error
+In  case of error, the function returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by an error
 message. 
 </p>
 
diff --git a/doc/ftp.html b/doc/ftp.html
index 8072afe..6776a17 100644
--- a/doc/ftp.html
+++ b/doc/ftp.html
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ determines  the  transfer type.  If  <tt>&lt;path&gt;</tt>  ends with  a
 <p class=return>
 If successful, the  function returns
 the file  content as a string.  In case of error,  the function returns
-<tt>nil</tt> and an error message describing the error. 
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> and an error message describing the error. 
 </p>
 
 <pre class=example>
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ function tries to log in as '<tt>anonymous</tt>'.
 
 <p class=return>
 If successful, the function returns  1. In case of error, the
-function returns <tt>nil</tt> followed by a string describing the error. 
+function returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by a string describing the error. 
 </p>
 
 <pre class=example>
diff --git a/doc/http.html b/doc/http.html
index b7469a4..f977ea9 100644
--- a/doc/http.html
+++ b/doc/http.html
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ request message. If authentication information is provided, the function
 uses the  Basic Authentication Scheme (see  <a href="#authentication">note</a>)
 to retrieve  the document. <tt>User</tt> and  <tt>password</tt> provided
 explicitly override  those given by the  <tt>url</tt>. The <tt>stay</tt>
-parameter, when set to anything  but <tt>nil</tt>, prevents the function
+parameter, when set to anything  but <b><tt>nil</tt></b>, prevents the function
 from automatically following 301 or 302 server redirect messages. 
 </p>
 
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ Authentication    Scheme   (see    <a href="#authentication">note</a>)  to
 retrieve  the document.  <tt>Request.user</tt> and
 <tt>request.password</tt>  override  those  given  by the
 <tt>request.url</tt>.  The <tt>request.stay</tt>  parameter,  when set  to
-anything but <tt>nil</tt>, prevents the function  from automatically
+anything but <b><tt>nil</tt></b>, prevents the function  from automatically
 following 301 or 302 server redirect messages.  
 </p>
 
diff --git a/doc/reference.css b/doc/reference.css
index 2a8987e..607ac4f 100644
--- a/doc/reference.css
+++ b/doc/reference.css
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-body { margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; }
+body { 
+    margin-left: 1em; 
+    margin-right: 1em; 
+    font-family: "Verdana"; 
+}
+
+tt {
+    font-family: "Andale Mono", monospace; 
+}
 
 h1, h2, h3, h4 { margin-left: 0em; }
 
 p { margin-left: 1em; }
 
 p.name { 
-    font-family: monospace; 
+    font-family: "Andale Mono", monospace; 
     padding-top: 1em;
     margin-left: 0em; 
 }
@@ -18,6 +26,8 @@ pre.example {
     background: #ccc;
     padding: 1em;
     margin-left: 1em;
+    font-family: "Andale Mono", monospace; 
+    font-size: small;
 }
 
 hr { 
diff --git a/doc/reference.html b/doc/reference.html
index 99b1ea7..0bfd378 100644
--- a/doc/reference.html
+++ b/doc/reference.html
@@ -35,155 +35,173 @@
 
 <h2>Reference</h2>
 
-<!-- tcp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
-
-<table summary="TCP Index" class=index width=100%>
-<colgroup> <col width="50%"> <col width="50%"> </colgroup>
-<tr>
-<td><ul>
-<li><a href="tcp.html">TCP (socket.tcp)</a>
-    <ul>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#accept">accept</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#bind">bind</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#close">close</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#connect">connect</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#getpeername">getpeername</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-<td valign=top><ul>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#getsockname">getsockname</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#receive">receive</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#send">send</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#setoption">setoption</a>
-    <li><a href="tcp.html#settimeout">settimeout</a>
-</ul></td>
-</tr>
+<!-- callback +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="callback.html">Callbacks (socket.callback)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="callback.html#send">send</a>:
+<a href="callback.html#send.chain">chain</a>,
+<a href="callback.html#send.file">file</a>,
+<a href="callback.html#send.string">string</a>.
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="callback.html#receive">receive</a>:
+<a href="callback.html#receive.chain">chain</a>,
+<a href="callback.html#receive.file">file</a>,
+<a href="callback.html#receive.concat">concat</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
 </table>
 
-<hr>
-
-<!-- udp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
-
-<table summary="UDP Index" class=index width=100%>
-<colgroup> <col width="50%"> <col width="50%"> </colgroup>
-<tr>
-<td><ul> 
-<li><a href="udp.html">UDP (socket.udp)</a>
-    <ul>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#close">close</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#getpeername">getpeername</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#getsockname">getsockname</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#receive">receive</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#receivefrom">receivefrom</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-<td><ul>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#send">send</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#sendto">sendto</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#setpeername">setpeername</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#setsockname">setsockname</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#setoption">setoption</a>
-    <li><a href="udp.html#settimeout">settimeout</a>
-</ul></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<hr>
-
-<!-- http & ftp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
-
-<table summary="HTTP and FTP Index" class=index width=100%>
-<colgroup> <col width="50%"> <col width="50%"> </colgroup>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top><ul>
-<li><a href="http.html">HTTP (socket.http)</a>
-    <ul>
-    <li><a href="http.html#get">get</a>
-    <li><a href="http.html#post">post</a>
-    <li><a href="http.html#request">request</a>
-    <li><a href="http.html#request_cb">request_cb</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-<td valign=top><ul>
-<li><a href="ftp.html">FTP (socket.ftp)</a>
-    <ul>
-    <li><a href="ftp.html#get">get</a>
-    <li><a href="ftp.html#get_cb">get_cb</a>
-    <li><a href="ftp.html#put">put</a>
-    <li><a href="ftp.html#put_cb">put_cb</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-</tr>
+<!-- dns ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="dns.html">DNS services (socket.dns)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="dns.html#toip">toip</a>,
+<a href="dns.html#tohostname">tohostname</a>,
+<a href="dns.html#gethostname">gethostname</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- ftp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="ftp.html">FTP (socket.ftp)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="ftp.html#get">get</a>,
+<a href="ftp.html#get_cb">get_cb</a>,
+<a href="ftp.html#put">put</a>,
+<a href="ftp.html#put_cb">put_cb</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- misc ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="global.html">Globals (socket)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="global.html#bind">bind</a>,
+<a href="global.html#callback">callback</a>,
+<a href="global.html#concat">concat</a>,
+<a href="global.html#connect">connect</a>,
+<a href="global.html#debug">debug</a>,
+<a href="global.html#dns">dns</a>,
+<a href="global.html#ftp">ftp</a>,
+<a href="global.html#http">http</a>,
+<a href="global.html#mime">mime</a>,
+<a href="global.html#select">select</a>,
+<a href="global.html#sleep">sleep</a>,
+<a href="global.html#smtp">smtp</a>,
+<a href="global.html#time">time</a>,
+<a href="global.html#tcp">tcp</a>.
+<a href="global.html#udp">udp</a>,
+<a href="global.html#url">url</a>,
+<a href="global.html#version">version</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
 </table>
 
-<hr>
 
-<!-- http & ftp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
-
-<table summary="Streaming Index" class=index width=100%>
-<colgroup> <col width="50%"> <col width="50%"> </colgroup>
-<tr><td valign=top><ul>
-<li><a href="stream.html">Streaming with Callbacks</a>
-    <ul>
-    <li><a href="stream.html#receive_cb">receive_cb</a>
-    <li><a href="stream.html#send_cb">send_cb</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td></tr>
-</table>
+<!-- http +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="http.html">HTTP (socket.http)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="http.html#get">get</a>,
+<a href="http.html#post">post</a>,
+<a href="http.html#request">request</a>,
+<a href="http.html#request_cb">request_cb</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- mime +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="mime.html">MIME (socket.mime) </a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="mime.html#filters">filters</a>:
+<a href="mime.html#decode">canonic</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#chain">chain</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#decode">decode</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#encode">encode</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#wrap">wrap</a>.
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="mime.html#low-level">low-level</a>:
+<a href="mime.html#b64">b64</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#unb64">unb64</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#eol">eol</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#qp">qp</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#unqp">unqp</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#wrp">wrp</a>,
+<a href="mime.html#qpwrp">qpwrp</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- smtp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="smtp.html">SMTP (socket.smtp)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="smtp.html#mail">mail</a>
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
 
-<hr>
+<!-- tcp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
-<!-- smtp & dns ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
-
-<table summary="SMTP and DNS Index" class=index width=100%>
-<colgroup> <col width="50%"> <col width="50%"> </colgroup>
-<tr>
-<td><ul>
-<li><a href="smtp.html">SMTP (socket.smtp)</a>
-    <ul>
-    <li> <a href="smtp.html#mail">mail</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-<td><ul>
-<li><a href="dns.html">DNS services (socket.dns)</a>
-    <ul>
-    <li><a href="dns.html#toip">toip</a>
-    <li><a href="dns.html#tohostname">tohostname</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="tcp.html">TCP (socket.tcp)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="tcp.html#accept">accept</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#bind">bind</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#close">close</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#connect">connect</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#getpeername">getpeername</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#getsockname">getsockname</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#receive">receive</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#send">send</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#setoption">setoption</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#settimeout">settimeout</a>,
+<a href="tcp.html#shutdown">shutdown</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
 
-<hr>
+<!-- udp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
-<!-- url & code ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
-
-<table summary="URL and Code Index" class=index width=100%>
-<colgroup> <col width="50%"> <col width="50%"> </colgroup>
-<tr>
-<td valign=top><ul>
-<li><a href="url.html">URL (socket.url) </a>
-    <ul>
-    <li> <a href="url.html#absolute">absolute</a>
-    <li> <a href="url.html#build">build</a>
-    <li> <a href="url.html#build_path">build_path</a>
-    <li> <a href="url.html#parse">parse</a>
-    <li> <a href="url.html#parse_path">parse_path</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-<td valign=top><ul>
-<li> <a href="code.html">Code (socket.code) </a>
-    <ul>
-    <li> <a href="code.html#base64">base64</a>
-    <li> <a href="code.html#unbase64">unbase64</a>
-    <li> <a href="code.html#escape">escape</a>
-    <li> <a href="code.html#unescape">unescape</a>
-    <li> <a href="code.html#hexa">hexa</a>
-    <li> <a href="code.html#unhexa">unhexa</a>
-    </ul>
-</ul></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="udp.html">UDP (socket.udp)</a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="udp.html#close">close</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#getpeername">getpeername</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#getsockname">getsockname</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#receive">receive</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#receivefrom">receivefrom</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#send">send</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#sendto">sendto</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#setpeername">setpeername</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#setsockname">setsockname</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#setoption">setoption</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#settimeout">settimeout</a>,
+<a href="udp.html#settimeout">shutdown</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+
+<!-- url ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+<a href="url.html">URL (socket.url) </a>
+<blockquote>
+<a href="url.html#absolute">absolute</a>,
+<a href="url.html#build">build</a>,
+<a href="url.html#build_path">build_path</a>,
+<a href="url.html#quote">quote</a>,
+<a href="url.html#parse">parse</a>,
+<a href="url.html#parse_path">parse_path</a>,
+<a href="url.html#quote">unquote</a>.
+</blockquote>
+</blockquote>
 
 <!-- footer ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
 
diff --git a/doc/smtp.html b/doc/smtp.html
index aa92149..0862de0 100644
--- a/doc/smtp.html
+++ b/doc/smtp.html
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ and text <tt>body</tt>. The message is  sent using  the server
 
 <p class=return> 
 If  successful, the function returns 1. Otherwise, the function returns
-<tt>nil</tt> followed by an error message.
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by an error message.
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
diff --git a/doc/stream.html b/doc/stream.html
index b88cbb5..585ad18 100644
--- a/doc/stream.html
+++ b/doc/stream.html
@@ -69,15 +69,15 @@ callback receives  successive chunks  of downloaded  data.
 <tt>Chunk</tt> contains the current chunk of data.
 When the transmission  is over, the function  is called with an  
 empty string (i.e.&nbsp;<tt>""</tt>) as  the <tt>chunk</tt>. 
-If an  error occurs, the function  receives <tt>nil</tt> 
+If an  error occurs, the function  receives <b><tt>nil</tt></b> 
 as <tt>chunk</tt> and  an error  message in <tt>err</tt>. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=return>
-The callback  can abort transmission by returning <tt>nil</tt> as its first
+The callback  can abort transmission by returning <b><tt>nil</tt></b> as its first
 return value, and an optional error  message as the
 second return value. If the application wants to continue receiving
-data, the function should return non-<tt>nil</tt> as it's first return
+data, the function should return non-<b><tt>nil</tt></b> as it's first return
 value. In this case, the function can optionally return a 
 new callback function, to replace itself, as the second return value.  
 </p>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ library needs more data to be sent.
 Each time the callback is called, it should return the next chunk of data.  It
 can optionally return, as it's second return value, a new callback to replace
 itself.  The callback can abort the  process  at any  time  by  returning
-<tt>nil</tt> followed  by  an optional error message. 
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed  by  an optional error message. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
diff --git a/doc/tcp.html b/doc/tcp.html
index 0be535a..eb4cdfa 100644
--- a/doc/tcp.html
+++ b/doc/tcp.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ method.</p>
 
 <p class=return>
 In case of success, a new master object is returned. In case of error,
-<tt>nil</tt> is returned, followed by an error message.
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> is returned, followed by an error message.
 </p>
 
 <!-- accept +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ object and returns a client object representing that connection.
 
 <p class=return>
 If a connection is successfully initiated, a client object is returned.  
-If a  timeout condition  is  met,  the method  returns <tt>nil</tt> followed
+If a  timeout condition  is  met,  the method  returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed
 by the error string '<tt>timeout</tt>'. 
 </p>
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ attempts connection,  the connection is  refused.
 
 <p class=return>
 In case of  success, the  method returns  1. In case of error, the
-method returns <tt>nil</tt> followed by an error message.
+method returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by an error message.
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ and <a href=#close><tt>close</tt></a>.
 </p>
 
 <p class=return>
-In case of error, the method returns <tt>nil</tt> followed by a string
+In case of error, the method returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by a string
 describing the error. In case of success, the method returns 1.
 </p>
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Returns information about the remote side of a connected client object.
 <p class=return>
 Returns a string with the IP address of the peer, followed by the 
 port number that peer is using for the connection. 
-In case of error, the method returns <tt>nil</tt>. 
+In case of error, the method returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b>. 
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ Returns the local address information associated to the object.
 
 <p class=return>
 The method returns a string with local IP address and a number with 
-the port. In case of error, the method returns <tt>nil</tt>.
+the port. In case of error, the method returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b>.
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ bytes from the socket.
 
 <p class=return>
 The method  returns one value for  each pattern, followed by  a single
-error  code that  can be  <tt>nil</tt> in  case of  success, the  string
+error  code that  can be  <b><tt>nil</tt></b> in  case of  success, the  string
 '<tt>closed</tt>'  in   case  the  connection  was   closed  before  the
 transmission  was completed  or  the string  '<tt>timeout</tt>' in  case
 there was a timeout during  the operation. 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ result to LuaSocket instead of passing several independent strings.
 
 <p class=return>
 The method returns the number of bytes accepted by the transport layer,
-followed by an error code. The error code is <tt>nil</tt> if the operation
+followed by an error code. The error code is <b><tt>nil</tt></b> if the operation
 completed with no errors, the string '<tt>closed</tt>' in case
 the connection was  closed before the transmission was  completed or the
 string  '<tt>timeout</tt>'  in  case  there was  a  timeout  during  the
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ operation.
 <p class=note>
 Note: The return values for the <tt>send</tt> method have been changed in
 LuaSocket 2.0! In previous versions, the method returned only the
-error message. Since returning <tt>nil</tt> in case of success goes 
+error message. Since returning <b><tt>nil</tt></b> in case of success goes 
 against all other LuaSocket methods and functions, the 
 <tt>send</tt> method been changed for the sake of uniformity. 
 </p>
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ considered broken and processes using the socket are notified.
 </ul>
 
 <p class=return>
-The method returns 1 in case of success, or <tt>nil</tt> otherwise.
+The method returns 1 in case of success, or <b><tt>nil</tt></b> otherwise.
 </p>
 
 <p class=note>
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ a call.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <p class=parameters>
-The  <tt>nil</tt>  timeout  <tt>value</tt> allows  operations  to  block
+The  <b><tt>nil</tt></b>  timeout  <tt>value</tt> allows  operations  to  block
 indefinitely. Negative timeout values have the same effect.
 </p>
 
diff --git a/doc/udp.html b/doc/udp.html
index 7f2ecce..9f5cf8f 100644
--- a/doc/udp.html
+++ b/doc/udp.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ is used to connect the object.
 
 <p class="return">
 In case of success, a new unconnected UDP object
-returned. In case of error, <tt>nil</tt> is returned, followed by
+returned. In case of error, <b><tt>nil</tt></b> is returned, followed by
 an error message.
 </p>
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Returns the local address information associated to the object.
 <p class="return">
 The method returns a string with local IP
 address and a number with the port. In case of error, the method
-returns <tt>nil</tt>.
+returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b>.
 </p>
 
 <p class="note">
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ maximum datagram size is used.
 <p class="return">
 In case of success, the method return the
 received datagram. In case of timeout, the method returns
-<tt>nil</tt> followed by the string '<tt>timeout</tt>'.
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by the string '<tt>timeout</tt>'.
 </p>
 
 <!-- receivefrom +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ Beware that the maximum datagram size for UDP is 576 bytes.
 
 <p class="return">
 If successful, the method returns 1. In case of
-error, the method returns <tt>nil</tt> followed by the
+error, the method returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by the
 '<tt>refused</tt>' message.
 </p>
 
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ names are <em>not</em> allowed for performance reasons.
 
 <p class="return">
 If successful, the method returns 1. In case of
-error, the method returns <tt>nil</tt> followed by the
+error, the method returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by the
 '<tt>refused</tt>' message.
 </p>
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ case, the <tt>port</tt> argument is ignored.
 
 <p class="return">
 In case of error the method returns
-<tt>nil</tt> followed by an error message. In case of success, the
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by an error message. In case of success, the
 method returns 1.
 </p>
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ all local interfaces using the constant <tt>INADDR_ANY</tt>. If
 
 <p class="return">
 If successful, the method returns 1. In case of
-error, the method returns <tt>nil</tt> followed by an error
+error, the method returns <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by an error
 message.
 </p>
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ socket.</li>
 
 <p class="return">
 The method returns 1 in case of success, or
-<tt>nil</tt> followed by an error message otherwise.
+<b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by an error message otherwise.
 </p>
 
 <p class="note">
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ give up and fail with an error code.
 
 <p class="parameters">
 The amount of time to wait is specified as
-the <tt>value</tt> parameter, in seconds. The <tt>nil</tt> timeout
+the <tt>value</tt> parameter, in seconds. The <b><tt>nil</tt></b> timeout
 <tt>value</tt> allows operations to block indefinitely. Negative
 timeout values have the same effect.
 </p>
diff --git a/doc/url.html b/doc/url.html
index e67ea13..0eafafa 100644
--- a/doc/url.html
+++ b/doc/url.html
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ component.
 
 <p class=parameters>
 <tt>Segments</tt> is a list of strings with the <tt>&lt;segment&gt;</tt>
-parts. If <tt>unsafe</tt>  is anything  but <tt>nil</tt>,  reserved
+parts. If <tt>unsafe</tt>  is anything  but <b><tt>nil</tt></b>,  reserved
 characters are left untouched.
 </p>
 
diff --git a/etc/b64.lua b/etc/b64.lua
index 7a4607d..de83578 100644
--- a/etc/b64.lua
+++ b/etc/b64.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
-local base64 = socket.mime.base64.encode()
-local split = socket.mime.split()
-local convert = socket.mime.chain(base64, split)
+local convert
+if arg and arg[1] == '-d' then
+    convert = socket.mime.decode("base64")
+else
+    local base64 = socket.mime.encode("base64")
+    local wrap = socket.mime.wrap()
+    convert = socket.mime.chain(base64, wrap)
+end
 while 1 do
     local chunk = io.read(4096)
     io.write(convert(chunk))
diff --git a/src/inet.c b/src/inet.c
index dff4bf2..d626b86 100644
--- a/src/inet.c
+++ b/src/inet.c
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 static int inet_global_toip(lua_State *L);
 static int inet_global_tohostname(lua_State *L);
 static void inet_pushresolved(lua_State *L, struct hostent *hp);
+static int inet_global_gethostname(lua_State *L);
 
 /* DNS functions */
 static luaL_reg func[] = {
     { "toip", inet_global_toip },
     { "tohostname", inet_global_tohostname },
+    { "gethostname", inet_global_gethostname},
     { NULL, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -101,6 +103,25 @@ static int inet_global_tohostname(lua_State *L)
     return 2;
 }
 
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+* Gets the host name
+\*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+static int inet_global_gethostname(lua_State *L)
+{
+    char name[257];
+    name[256] = '\0';
+    if (gethostname(name, 256) < 0) {
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+        lua_pushstring(L, "gethostname failed");
+        return 2;
+    } else {
+        lua_pushstring(L, name);
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+
+
 /*=========================================================================*\
 * Lua methods
 \*=========================================================================*/
diff --git a/src/luasocket.c b/src/luasocket.c
index 73583a8..bfe71c2 100644
--- a/src/luasocket.c
+++ b/src/luasocket.c
@@ -38,15 +38,8 @@
 /*=========================================================================*\
 * Declarations
 \*=========================================================================*/
-static int global_gethostname(lua_State *L);
 static int base_open(lua_State *L);
 
-/* functions in library namespace */
-static luaL_reg func[] = {
-    {"gethostname", global_gethostname},
-    {NULL, NULL}
-};
-
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Setup basic stuff.
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
@@ -70,30 +63,10 @@ static int base_open(lua_State *L)
     lua_pushstring(L, "LUASOCKET_LIBNAME");
     lua_pushstring(L, LUASOCKET_LIBNAME);
     lua_settable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
-    /* define library functions */
-    luaL_openlib(L, LUASOCKET_LIBNAME, func, 0); 
-    lua_pop(L, 1);
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
-* Gets the host name
-\*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-static int global_gethostname(lua_State *L)
-{
-    char name[257];
-    name[256] = '\0';
-    if (gethostname(name, 256) < 0) {
-        lua_pushnil(L);
-        lua_pushstring(L, "gethostname failed");
-        return 2;
-    } else {
-        lua_pushstring(L, name);
-        return 1;
-    }
-}
-
-/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Initializes all library modules.
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 LUASOCKET_API int luaopen_socket(lua_State *L)
diff --git a/src/mime.c b/src/mime.c
index 8e97f8b..95cd400 100644
--- a/src/mime.c
+++ b/src/mime.c
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ static const char EQCRLF[3] = {'=', CR, LF};
 /*=========================================================================*\
 * Internal function prototypes.
 \*=========================================================================*/
-static int mime_global_fmt(lua_State *L);
+static int mime_global_wrp(lua_State *L);
 static int mime_global_b64(lua_State *L);
 static int mime_global_unb64(lua_State *L);
 static int mime_global_qp(lua_State *L);
 static int mime_global_unqp(lua_State *L);
-static int mime_global_qpfmt(lua_State *L);
+static int mime_global_qpwrp(lua_State *L);
 static int mime_global_eol(lua_State *L);
 
 static void b64setup(UC *b64unbase);
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ static luaL_reg func[] = {
     { "eol", mime_global_eol },
     { "qp", mime_global_qp },
     { "unqp", mime_global_unqp },
-    { "qpfmt", mime_global_qpfmt },
+    { "qpwrp", mime_global_qpwrp },
     { "b64", mime_global_b64 },
     { "unb64", mime_global_unb64 },
-    { "fmt", mime_global_fmt },
+    { "wrp", mime_global_wrp },
     { NULL, NULL }
 };
 
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ static const char *optlstring(lua_State *L, int n, const char *v, size_t *l)
 \*=========================================================================*/
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Incrementaly breaks a string into lines
-* A, n = fmt(l, B, length, marker)
+* A, n = wrp(l, B, length, marker)
 * A is a copy of B, broken into lines of at most 'length' bytes. 
 * 'l' is how many bytes are left for the first line of B. 
 * 'n' is the number of bytes left in the last line of A. 
 * Marker is the end-of-line marker.
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-static int mime_global_fmt(lua_State *L)
+static int mime_global_wrp(lua_State *L)
 {
     size_t size = 0;
     int left = (int) luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
@@ -526,14 +526,14 @@ static int mime_global_unqp(lua_State *L)
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Incrementally breaks a quoted-printed string into lines
-* A, n = qpfmt(l, B, length)
+* A, n = qpwrp(l, B, length)
 * A is a copy of B, broken into lines of at most 'length' bytes. 
 * 'l' is how many bytes are left for the first line of B. 
 * 'n' is the number of bytes left in the last line of A. 
 * There are two complications: lines can't be broken in the middle
 * of an encoded =XX, and there might be line breaks already
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-static int mime_global_qpfmt(lua_State *L)
+static int mime_global_qpwrp(lua_State *L)
 {
     size_t size = 0;
     int left = (int) luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
diff --git a/src/mime.lua b/src/mime.lua
index 0251f6e..30c6b38 100644
--- a/src/mime.lua
+++ b/src/mime.lua
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ local wt = {}
 local function choose(table)
     return function(method, ...)
         local f = table[method or "nil"]
-        if not f then return nil, "unknown method (" .. tostring(method) .. ")"
+        if not f then error("unknown method (" .. tostring(method) .. ")", 3)
         else return f(unpack(arg)) end
     end
 end
@@ -37,7 +37,15 @@ end
 -- function that choose the encoding, decoding or wrap algorithm
 encode = choose(et) 
 decode = choose(dt)
-wrap = choose(wt)
+
+-- the wrap filter has default parameters
+local cwt = choose(wt)
+function wrap(...)
+    if not arg[1] or type(arg[1]) ~= "string" then 
+        table.insert(arg, 1, "base64")
+    end
+    return cwt(unpack(arg))
+end
 
 -- define the encoding algorithms
 et['base64'] = function()
@@ -58,15 +66,14 @@ dt['quoted-printable'] = function()
 end
 
 -- define the wrap algorithms
-wt['character'] = function(length)
+wt['base64'] = function(length, marker)
     length = length or 76
-    return cicle(fmt, length, length) 
+    return cicle(wrp, length, length, marker) 
 end
-wt['base64'] = wt['character']
 
 wt['quoted-printable'] = function(length)
     length = length or 76
-    return cicle(qpfmt, length, length) 
+    return cicle(qpwrp, length, length) 
 end
 
 -- define the end-of-line translation function
diff --git a/test/httptest.lua b/test/httptest.lua
index 8bf3980..c9a74a8 100644
--- a/test/httptest.lua
+++ b/test/httptest.lua
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ socket.http.TIMEOUT = 5
 
 local t = socket.time()
 
-host = host or "diego.student.dyn.cs.princeton.edu"
+host = host or "diego-interface2.student.dyn.CS.Princeton.EDU"
 proxy = proxy or "http://localhost:3128"
 prefix = prefix or "/luasocket-test"
 cgiprefix = cgiprefix or "/luasocket-test-cgi"
diff --git a/test/mimetest.lua b/test/mimetest.lua
index aa2772c..81814de 100644
--- a/test/mimetest.lua
+++ b/test/mimetest.lua
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ local qptest = "qptest.bin"
 local eqptest = "qptest.bin2"
 local dqptest = "qptest.bin3"
 
-local b64test = "luasocket.exe"
+local b64test = "luasocket"
 local eb64test = "b64test.bin"
 local db64test = "b64test.bin2"
 
@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ local function encode_b64test()
     local e2 = socket.mime.encode("base64")
     local e3 = socket.mime.encode("base64")
     local e4 = socket.mime.encode("base64")
-    local sp4 = socket.mime.wrap("character")
-    local sp3 = socket.mime.wrap("character", 59)
-    local sp2 = socket.mime.wrap("character", 30)
-    local sp1 = socket.mime.wrap("character", 27)
+    local sp4 = socket.mime.wrap()
+    local sp3 = socket.mime.wrap(59)
+    local sp2 = socket.mime.wrap("base64", 30)
+    local sp1 = socket.mime.wrap(27)
     local chain = socket.mime.chain(e1, sp1, e2, sp2, e3, sp3, e4, sp4)
     transform(b64test, eb64test, chain)
 end
diff --git a/test/testclnt.lua b/test/testclnt.lua
index beb0157..5f366b2 100644
--- a/test/testclnt.lua
+++ b/test/testclnt.lua
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ end
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 function accept_errors()
-    io.write("not listenning: ")
+    io.write("not listening: ")
     local d, e = socket.bind("*", 0)
     assert(d, e);
     local c, e = socket.tcp();
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ function accept_errors()
     assert(c, e);
     d:setfd(c:getfd())
     local r, e = d:accept()
-    assert(not r and e == "not supported", e)
+    assert(not r and e == "not supported" or e == "not listening", e)
     print("ok")
 end