14 files changed, 231 insertions, 197 deletions

diff --git a/src/buffer.c b/src/buffer.c
index 04419e7..e6d4ce8 100644
--- a/src/buffer.c
+++ b/src/buffer.c
@@ -138,8 +138,7 @@ int sendraw(p_buf buf, const char *data, size_t count, size_t *sent)
     int err = IO_DONE;
     while (total < count && err == IO_DONE) {
         size_t done;
-        err = io->send(io->ctx, data+total, count-total, &done, 
-                tm_getsuccess(tm));
+        err = io->send(io->ctx, data+total, count-total, &done, tm_get(tm));
         total += done;
     }
     *sent = total;
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ int recvraw(lua_State *L, p_buf buf, size_t wanted)
     size_t total = 0;
     luaL_Buffer b;
     luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
-    while (total < wanted && err == IO_DONE) {
+    while (total < wanted && (err == IO_DONE || err == IO_RETRY)) {
         size_t count; const char *data;
         err = buf_get(buf, &data, &count);
         count = MIN(count, wanted - total);
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ int recvall(lua_State *L, p_buf buf)
     int err = IO_DONE;
     luaL_Buffer b;
     luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
-    while (err == IO_DONE) {
+    while (err == IO_DONE || err == IO_RETRY) {
         const char *data; size_t count;
         err = buf_get(buf, &data, &count);
         luaL_addlstring(&b, data, count);
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ int recvline(lua_State *L, p_buf buf)
     int err = IO_DONE;
     luaL_Buffer b;
     luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
-    while (err == IO_DONE) {
+    while (err == IO_DONE || err == IO_RETRY) {
         size_t count, pos; const char *data;
         err = buf_get(buf, &data, &count);
         pos = 0;
@@ -240,8 +239,7 @@ int buf_get(p_buf buf, const char **data, size_t *count)
     p_tm tm = buf->tm;
     if (buf_isempty(buf)) {
         size_t got;
-        err = io->recv(io->ctx, buf->data, BUF_SIZE, &got, 
-                tm_getsuccess(tm));
+        err = io->recv(io->ctx, buf->data, BUF_SIZE, &got, tm_get(tm));
         buf->first = 0;
         buf->last = got;
     }
diff --git a/src/http.lua b/src/http.lua
index 1925c68..2fc9e87 100644
--- a/src/http.lua
+++ b/src/http.lua
@@ -549,10 +549,16 @@ function request_cb(reqt, respt)
     reqt.headers = fill_headers(reqt.headers, parsed)
     -- try to connect to server
     local sock
-    sock, respt.error = socket.connect(parsed.host, parsed.port)
+    sock, respt.error = socket.tcp()
     if not sock then return respt end
     -- set connection timeout so that we do not hang forever
     sock:settimeout(TIMEOUT)
+    local ret
+    ret, respt.error = sock:connect(parsed.host, parsed.port)
+    if not ret then 
+        sock:close()
+        return respt 
+    end
     -- send request message
     respt.error = send_request(sock, reqt.method, 
         request_uri(parsed), reqt.headers, reqt.body_cb)
diff --git a/src/inet.c b/src/inet.c
index 2334f53..80c488b 100644
--- a/src/inet.c
+++ b/src/inet.c
@@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ static void inet_pushresolved(lua_State *L, struct hostent *hp)
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Tries to connect to remote address (address, port)
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-const char *inet_tryconnect(p_sock ps, const char *address, 
-        unsigned short port, int timeout)
+const char *inet_tryconnect(p_sock ps, p_tm tm, const char *address, 
+        unsigned short port)
 {
     struct sockaddr_in remote;
-    const char *err;
+    int err;
     memset(&remote, 0, sizeof(remote));
     remote.sin_family = AF_INET;
     remote.sin_port = htons(port);
@@ -197,14 +197,14 @@ const char *inet_tryconnect(p_sock ps, const char *address,
             memcpy(&remote.sin_addr, *addr, sizeof(struct in_addr));
         }
     } else remote.sin_family = AF_UNSPEC;
-    err = sock_connect(ps, (SA *) &remote, sizeof(remote), timeout);
-    if (err) {
+    do err = sock_connect(ps, (SA *) &remote, sizeof(remote), tm_getretry(tm));
+    while (err == IO_RETRY && tm_getretry(tm));
+    if (err != IO_DONE) {
         sock_destroy(ps);
         *ps = SOCK_INVALID;
-        return err;
-    } else {
-        return NULL;
-    }
+        if (err == IO_ERROR) return sock_connectstrerror();
+        else return io_strerror(err);
+    } else return NULL;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
@@ -214,7 +214,6 @@ const char *inet_trybind(p_sock ps, const char *address, unsigned short port,
         int backlog)
 {
     struct sockaddr_in local;
-    const char *err;
     memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));
     /* address is either wildcard or a valid ip address */
     local.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
@@ -229,11 +228,10 @@ const char *inet_trybind(p_sock ps, const char *address, unsigned short port,
         memcpy(&local.sin_addr, *addr, sizeof(struct in_addr));
     }
     sock_setblocking(ps);
-    err = sock_bind(ps, (SA *) &local, sizeof(local));
-    if (err) {
+    if (sock_bind(ps, (SA *) &local, sizeof(local)) != IO_DONE) {
         sock_destroy(ps);
         *ps = SOCK_INVALID;
-        return err;
+        return sock_bindstrerror();
     } else {
         sock_setnonblocking(ps);
         if (backlog > 0) sock_listen(ps, backlog);
@@ -246,7 +244,22 @@ const char *inet_trybind(p_sock ps, const char *address, unsigned short port,
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 const char *inet_trycreate(p_sock ps, int type)
 {
-    return sock_create(ps, AF_INET, type, 0);
+    if (sock_create(ps, AF_INET, type, 0) == IO_DONE) return NULL;
+    else return sock_createstrerror();
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+* Tries to accept an inet socket
+\*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+const char *inet_tryaccept(p_sock ps, p_tm tm, p_sock pc)
+{
+    struct sockaddr_in addr;
+    socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+    int err;
+    /* loop until connection accepted or timeout happens */
+    do err = sock_accept(ps, pc, (SA *) &addr, &addr_len, tm_getretry(tm));
+    while (err == IO_RETRY && tm_getretry(tm) != 0);
+    return io_strerror(err);
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
diff --git a/src/inet.h b/src/inet.h
index 08979c1..ad52801 100644
--- a/src/inet.h
+++ b/src/inet.h
@@ -18,17 +18,21 @@
 \*=========================================================================*/
 #include <lua.h>
 #include "socket.h"
+#include "timeout.h"
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 #define INET_ATON
 #endif
 
 void inet_open(lua_State *L);
-const char *inet_tryconnect(p_sock ps, const char *address, 
-        unsigned short port, int timeout);
+
+const char *inet_tryconnect(p_sock ps, p_tm tm, const char *address, 
+        unsigned short port);
 const char *inet_trybind(p_sock ps, const char *address, 
         unsigned short port, int backlog);
 const char *inet_trycreate(p_sock ps, int type);
+const char *inet_tryaccept(p_sock ps, p_tm tm, p_sock pc);
+
 int inet_meth_getpeername(lua_State *L, p_sock ps);
 int inet_meth_getsockname(lua_State *L, p_sock ps);
 
diff --git a/src/io.c b/src/io.c
index 2d62147..612454b 100644
--- a/src/io.c
+++ b/src/io.c
@@ -22,27 +22,24 @@ void io_init(p_io io, p_send send, p_recv recv, void *ctx)
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Translate error codes to Lua
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-void io_pusherror(lua_State *L, int code)
+const char *io_strerror(int code)
 {
     switch (code) {
-        case IO_DONE:
-            lua_pushnil(L);
-            break;
-        case IO_TIMEOUT:
-            lua_pushstring(L, "timeout");
-            break;
-        case IO_LIMITED:
-            lua_pushstring(L, "limited");
-            break;
-        case IO_CLOSED:
-            lua_pushstring(L, "closed");
-            break;
-        case IO_REFUSED:
-            lua_pushstring(L, "refused");
-            break;
-        default:
-            lua_pushstring(L, "unknown error");
-            break;
+        case IO_DONE: return NULL;
+        case IO_TIMEOUT: return "timeout";
+        case IO_RETRY: return "retry";
+        case IO_CLOSED: return "closed";
+        case IO_REFUSED: return "refused";
+        default: return "unknown error";
     }
 }
 
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+* Translate error codes to Lua
+\*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+void io_pusherror(lua_State *L, int code)
+{
+    const char *err = io_strerror(code);
+    if (err) lua_pushstring(L, err);
+    else lua_pushnil(L);
+}
diff --git a/src/io.h b/src/io.h
index 33675d8..495bdc6 100644
--- a/src/io.h
+++ b/src/io.h
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@
 /* IO error codes */
 enum {
     IO_DONE,            /* operation completed successfully */
+    IO_RETRY,           /* please try again */
     IO_TIMEOUT,         /* operation timed out */
     IO_CLOSED,          /* the connection has been closed */
-    IO_ERROR,           /* something wrong... */
     IO_REFUSED,         /* transfer has been refused */
-    IO_RETRY,           /* please try again */
-    IO_LIMITED          /* maximum number of bytes reached */
+    IO_ERROR            /* something else wrong... */
 };
 
 /* interface to send function */
@@ -54,6 +53,7 @@ typedef struct t_io_ {
 } t_io;
 typedef t_io *p_io;
 
+const char *io_strerror(int code);
 void io_pusherror(lua_State *L, int code);
 void io_init(p_io io, p_send send, p_recv recv, void *ctx);
 
diff --git a/src/socket.h b/src/socket.h
index aeadff0..739dedd 100644
--- a/src/socket.h
+++ b/src/socket.h
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ typedef struct sockaddr SA;
 * interface to sockets
 \*=========================================================================*/
 int sock_open(void);
-const char *sock_create(p_sock ps, int domain, int type, int protocol);
+int sock_create(p_sock ps, int domain, int type, int protocol);
 void sock_destroy(p_sock ps);
 int sock_accept(p_sock ps, p_sock pa, SA *addr, socklen_t *addr_len, 
         int timeout);
-const char *sock_connect(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len, int timeout); 
-const char *sock_bind(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len); 
+int sock_connect(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len, int timeout); 
+int sock_bind(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len); 
 void sock_listen(p_sock ps, int backlog);
 void sock_shutdown(p_sock ps, int how); 
 int sock_send(p_sock ps, const char *data, size_t count, 
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ int sock_recvfrom(p_sock ps, char *data, size_t count,
         size_t *got, SA *addr, socklen_t *addr_len, int timeout);
 void sock_setnonblocking(p_sock ps);
 void sock_setblocking(p_sock ps);
+
 const char *sock_hoststrerror(void);
 const char *sock_createstrerror(void);
 const char *sock_bindstrerror(void);
diff --git a/src/tcp.c b/src/tcp.c
index fe09e8c..74f32f4 100644
--- a/src/tcp.c
+++ b/src/tcp.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static luaL_reg tcp[] = {
 static luaL_reg opt[] = {
     {"keepalive",   opt_keepalive},
     {"reuseaddr",   opt_reuseaddr},
-    {"tcp-nodelay",     opt_tcp_nodelay},
+    {"tcp-nodelay", opt_tcp_nodelay},
     {"linger",      opt_linger},
     {NULL,          NULL}
 };
@@ -200,32 +200,26 @@ static int meth_dirty(lua_State *L)
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 static int meth_accept(lua_State *L)
 {
-    struct sockaddr_in addr;
-    socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
-    int err = IO_ERROR;
     p_tcp server = (p_tcp) aux_checkclass(L, "tcp{server}", 1);
     p_tm tm = &server->tm;
-    p_tcp client;
     t_sock sock;
     tm_markstart(tm);
-    /* loop until connection accepted or timeout happens */
-    while (err != IO_DONE) { 
-        err = sock_accept(&server->sock, &sock, 
-            (SA *) &addr, &addr_len, tm_getfailure(tm));
-        if (err == IO_CLOSED || (err == IO_TIMEOUT && !tm_getfailure(tm))) {
-            lua_pushnil(L); 
-            io_pusherror(L, err);
-            return 2;
-        }
+    const char *err = inet_tryaccept(&server->sock, tm, &sock);
+    /* if successful, push client socket */
+    if (!err) {
+        p_tcp clnt = lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(t_tcp));
+        aux_setclass(L, "tcp{client}", -1);
+        /* initialize structure fields */
+        clnt->sock = sock;
+        io_init(&clnt->io, (p_send)sock_send, (p_recv)sock_recv, &clnt->sock);
+        tm_init(&clnt->tm, -1, -1);
+        buf_init(&clnt->buf, &clnt->io, &clnt->tm);
+        return 1;
+    } else {
+        lua_pushnil(L); 
+        lua_pushstring(L, err);
+        return 2;
     }
-    client = lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(t_tcp));
-    aux_setclass(L, "tcp{client}", -1);
-    client->sock = sock;
-    /* initialize remaining structure fields */
-    io_init(&client->io, (p_send) sock_send, (p_recv) sock_recv, &client->sock);
-    tm_init(&client->tm, -1, -1);
-    buf_init(&client->buf, &client->io, &client->tm);
-    return 1;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
@@ -260,7 +254,7 @@ static int meth_connect(lua_State *L)
     p_tm tm = &tcp->tm;
     const char *err;
     tm_markstart(tm);
-    err = inet_tryconnect(&tcp->sock, address, port, tm_getfailure(tm));
+    err = inet_tryconnect(&tcp->sock, tm, address, port);
     if (err) {
         lua_pushnil(L);
         lua_pushstring(L, err);
@@ -283,7 +277,7 @@ static int meth_close(lua_State *L)
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
-* Shuts the connection down
+* Shuts the connection down partially
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 static int meth_shutdown(lua_State *L)
 {
@@ -341,22 +335,23 @@ static int meth_settimeout(lua_State *L)
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 int global_create(lua_State *L)
 {
-    const char *err;
-    /* allocate tcp object */
-    p_tcp tcp = (p_tcp) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(t_tcp));
-    /* set its type as master object */
-    aux_setclass(L, "tcp{master}", -1);
+    t_sock sock;
+    const char *err = inet_trycreate(&sock, SOCK_STREAM);
     /* try to allocate a system socket */
-    err = inet_trycreate(&tcp->sock, SOCK_STREAM);
-    if (err) { /* get rid of object on stack and push error */
-        lua_pop(L, 1);
+    if (!err) { 
+        /* allocate tcp object */
+        p_tcp tcp = (p_tcp) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(t_tcp));
+        tcp->sock = sock;
+        /* set its type as master object */
+        aux_setclass(L, "tcp{master}", -1);
+        /* initialize remaining structure fields */
+        io_init(&tcp->io, (p_send) sock_send, (p_recv) sock_recv, &tcp->sock);
+        tm_init(&tcp->tm, -1, -1);
+        buf_init(&tcp->buf, &tcp->io, &tcp->tm);
+        return 1;
+    } else {
         lua_pushnil(L);
         lua_pushstring(L, err);
         return 2;
     }
-    /* initialize remaining structure fields */
-    io_init(&tcp->io, (p_send) sock_send, (p_recv) sock_recv, &tcp->sock);
-    tm_init(&tcp->tm, -1, -1);
-    buf_init(&tcp->buf, &tcp->io, &tcp->tm);
-    return 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/timeout.c b/src/timeout.c
index 2d88ded..0063378 100644
--- a/src/timeout.c
+++ b/src/timeout.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void tm_init(p_tm tm, int block, int total)
 * Returns
 *   the number of ms left or -1 if there is no time limit
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-int tm_getsuccess(p_tm tm)
+int tm_get(p_tm tm)
 {
     if (tm->block < 0 && tm->total < 0) {
         return -1;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ int tm_getstart(p_tm tm)
 * Returns
 *   the number of ms left or -1 if there is no time limit
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-int tm_getfailure(p_tm tm)
+int tm_getretry(p_tm tm)
 {
     if (tm->block < 0 && tm->total < 0) {
         return -1;
diff --git a/src/timeout.h b/src/timeout.h
index 17f44ea..0a036f4 100644
--- a/src/timeout.h
+++ b/src/timeout.h
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ typedef t_tm *p_tm;
 
 void tm_open(lua_State *L);
 void tm_init(p_tm tm, int block, int total);
-int tm_getsuccess(p_tm tm);
-int tm_getfailure(p_tm tm);
+int tm_get(p_tm tm);
+int tm_getretry(p_tm tm);
 void tm_markstart(p_tm tm);
 int tm_getstart(p_tm tm);
 int tm_gettime(void);
diff --git a/src/udp.c b/src/udp.c
index eb2cea0..c730206 100644
--- a/src/udp.c
+++ b/src/udp.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ static int meth_getpeername(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_setsockname(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_setpeername(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_close(lua_State *L);
+static int meth_shutdown(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_setoption(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_settimeout(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_fd(lua_State *L);
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ static luaL_reg udp[] = {
     {"receivefrom", meth_receivefrom},
     {"settimeout",  meth_settimeout},
     {"close",       meth_close},
+    {"shutdown",    meth_shutdown},
     {"setoption",   meth_setoption},
     {"__gc",        meth_close},
     {"fd",          meth_fd},
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ static int meth_send(lua_State *L)
     int err;
     const char *data = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &count);
     tm_markstart(tm);
-    err = sock_send(&udp->sock, data, count, &sent, tm_getsuccess(tm));
+    err = sock_send(&udp->sock, data, count, &sent, tm_get(tm));
     if (err == IO_DONE) lua_pushnumber(L, sent);
     else lua_pushnil(L);
     /* a 'closed' error on an unconnected means the target address was not
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ static int meth_sendto(lua_State *L)
     addr.sin_port = htons(port);
     tm_markstart(tm);
     err = sock_sendto(&udp->sock, data, count, &sent, 
-            (SA *) &addr, sizeof(addr), tm_getsuccess(tm));
+            (SA *) &addr, sizeof(addr), tm_get(tm));
     if (err == IO_DONE) lua_pushnumber(L, sent);
     else lua_pushnil(L);
     /* a 'closed' error on an unconnected means the target address was not
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ static int meth_receive(lua_State *L)
     p_tm tm = &udp->tm;
     count = MIN(count, sizeof(buffer));
     tm_markstart(tm);
-    err = sock_recv(&udp->sock, buffer, count, &got, tm_getsuccess(tm));
+    err = sock_recv(&udp->sock, buffer, count, &got, tm_get(tm));
     if (err == IO_DONE) lua_pushlstring(L, buffer, got);
     else lua_pushnil(L);
     io_pusherror(L, err);
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@ static int meth_receivefrom(lua_State *L)
     tm_markstart(tm);
     count = MIN(count, sizeof(buffer));
     err = sock_recvfrom(&udp->sock, buffer, count, &got, 
-            (SA *) &addr, &addr_len, tm_getsuccess(tm));
+            (SA *) &addr, &addr_len, tm_get(tm));
     if (err == IO_DONE) {
         lua_pushlstring(L, buffer, got);
         lua_pushstring(L, inet_ntoa(addr.sin_addr));
@@ -341,8 +343,7 @@ static int meth_setpeername(lua_State *L)
     unsigned short port = connecting ? 
         (unsigned short) luaL_checknumber(L, 3) : 
         (unsigned short) luaL_optnumber(L, 3, 0);
-    const char *err;
-    err = inet_tryconnect(&udp->sock, address, port, tm_getfailure(tm));
+    const char *err = inet_tryconnect(&udp->sock, tm, address, port);
     if (err) {
         lua_pushnil(L);
         lua_pushstring(L, err);
@@ -366,6 +367,33 @@ static int meth_close(lua_State *L)
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
+* Shuts the connection down partially
+\*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+static int meth_shutdown(lua_State *L)
+{
+    p_udp udp = (p_udp) aux_checkgroup(L, "udp{any}", 1);
+    const char *how = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "both");
+    switch (how[0]) {
+        case 'b':
+            if (strcmp(how, "both")) goto error;
+            sock_shutdown(&udp->sock, 2);
+            break;
+        case 's':
+            if (strcmp(how, "send")) goto error;
+            sock_shutdown(&udp->sock, 1);
+            break;
+        case 'r':
+            if (strcmp(how, "receive")) goto error;
+            sock_shutdown(&udp->sock, 0);
+            break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+error:
+    luaL_argerror(L, 2, "invalid shutdown method");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Turns a master object into a server object
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 static int meth_setsockname(lua_State *L)
@@ -391,21 +419,21 @@ static int meth_setsockname(lua_State *L)
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 int global_create(lua_State *L)
 {
-    const char *err;
-    /* allocate udp object */
-    p_udp udp = (p_udp) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(t_udp));
-    /* set its type as master object */
-    aux_setclass(L, "udp{unconnected}", -1);
+    t_sock sock;
+    const char *err = inet_trycreate(&sock, SOCK_DGRAM);
     /* try to allocate a system socket */
-    err = inet_trycreate(&udp->sock, SOCK_DGRAM);
-    if (err) {
-        /* get rid of object on stack and push error */
-        lua_pop(L, 1);
+    if (!err) { 
+        /* allocate tcp object */
+        p_udp udp = (p_udp) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(t_udp));
+        udp->sock = sock;
+        /* set its type as master object */
+        aux_setclass(L, "udp{unconnected}", -1);
+        /* initialize remaining structure fields */
+        tm_init(&udp->tm, -1, -1);
+        return 1;
+    } else {
         lua_pushnil(L);
         lua_pushstring(L, err);
         return 2;
     }
-    /* initialize timeout management */
-    tm_init(&udp->tm, -1, -1);
-    return 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/usocket.c b/src/usocket.c
index 9fcf4e8..acac852 100644
--- a/src/usocket.c
+++ b/src/usocket.c
@@ -46,50 +46,59 @@ void sock_destroy(p_sock ps)
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Creates and sets up a socket
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-const char *sock_create(p_sock ps, int domain, int type, int protocol)
+int sock_create(p_sock ps, int domain, int type, int protocol)
 {
     int val = 1;
     t_sock sock = socket(domain, type, protocol);
-    if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return sock_createstrerror(); 
+    if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_ERROR; 
     *ps = sock;
     sock_setnonblocking(ps);
     setsockopt(*ps, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &val, sizeof(val));
-    return NULL;
+    return IO_DONE;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Connects or returns error message
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-const char *sock_connect(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len, int timeout)
+int sock_connect(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len, int timeout)
 {
     t_sock sock = *ps;
-    if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return "closed";
+    if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_CLOSED;
+    /* if connect fails, we have to find out why */
     if (connect(sock, addr, addr_len) < 0) {
         struct timeval tv;
-        fd_set wfds, efds;
+        fd_set rfds, efds, wfds;
         int err;
+        /* make sure the system is trying to connect */
+        if (errno != EINPROGRESS) return IO_ERROR;
         tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
         tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
-        FD_ZERO(&wfds); FD_ZERO(&efds);
-        FD_SET(sock, &wfds); FD_SET(sock, &efds);
-        do err = select(sock+1, NULL, &wfds, &efds, timeout >= 0 ? &tv : NULL);
-        while (err < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-        if (err <= 0) return "timeout";
-        if (FD_ISSET(sock, &efds)) {
+        FD_ZERO(&rfds); FD_SET(sock, &rfds);
+        FD_ZERO(&wfds); FD_SET(sock, &wfds);
+        FD_ZERO(&efds); FD_SET(sock, &efds);
+        /* we run select to avoid busy waiting */
+        err = select(sock+1, &rfds, &wfds, &efds, timeout >= 0? &tv: NULL);
+        /* if select was interrupted, ask the user to retry */
+        if (err < 0 && errno == EINTR) return IO_RETRY;
+        /* if selects readable, try reading */
+        if (err > 0) {
             char dummy;
-            recv(sock, &dummy, 0, 0);
-            return sock_connectstrerror();
-        } else return NULL;
-    } else return NULL;
+            /* try reading so that errno is set */
+            if (recv(sock, &dummy, 0, 0) < 0) return IO_ERROR;
+            return IO_DONE;
+        /* if no event happened, there was a timeout */
+        } else return IO_TIMEOUT;
+    /* otherwise connection succeeded */
+    } else return IO_DONE;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Binds or returns error message
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-const char *sock_bind(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len)
+int sock_bind(p_sock ps, SA *addr, socklen_t addr_len)
 {
-    if (bind(*ps, addr, addr_len) < 0) return sock_bindstrerror();
-    else return NULL;
+    if (bind(*ps, addr, addr_len) < 0) return IO_ERROR;
+    else return IO_DONE;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
@@ -115,25 +124,24 @@ int sock_accept(p_sock ps, p_sock pa, SA *addr, socklen_t *addr_len,
         int timeout)
 {
     t_sock sock = *ps;
-    struct timeval tv;
     SA dummy_addr;
     socklen_t dummy_len;
-    fd_set fds;
-    int err;
     if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_CLOSED;
-    tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
-    tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
-    FD_ZERO(&fds);
-    FD_SET(sock, &fds);
-    *pa = SOCK_INVALID;
-    do err = select(sock+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, timeout >= 0 ? &tv : NULL);
-    while (err < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-    if (err <= 0) return IO_TIMEOUT;
     if (!addr) addr = &dummy_addr;
     if (!addr_len) addr_len = &dummy_len;
     *pa = accept(sock, addr, addr_len);
-    if (*pa == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_ERROR;
-    else return IO_DONE;
+    if (*pa == SOCK_INVALID) {
+        struct timeval tv;
+        fd_set fds;
+        tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
+        tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
+        FD_ZERO(&fds);
+        FD_SET(sock, &fds);
+        /* just call select to avoid busy-wait. doesn't really matter
+         * what happens. the caller will choose to retry or not */
+        select(sock+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, timeout >= 0? &tv: NULL);
+        return IO_RETRY;
+    } else return IO_DONE;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
@@ -144,32 +152,31 @@ int sock_send(p_sock ps, const char *data, size_t count, size_t *sent,
 {
     t_sock sock = *ps;
     ssize_t put;
-    int ret;
     /* avoid making system calls on closed sockets */
     if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_CLOSED;
     /* make sure we repeat in case the call was interrupted */
-    do put = write(sock, data, count);  
-    while (put <= 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    do put = send(sock, data, count, 0);  
+    while (put < 0 && errno == EINTR);
     /* deal with failure */
     if (put <= 0) {
+        struct timeval tv;
+        fd_set fds;
         /* in any case, nothing has been sent */
         *sent = 0;
+        /* here we know the connection has been closed */
+        if (errno == EPIPE) return IO_CLOSED;
         /* run select to avoid busy wait */
-        if (errno != EPIPE) {
-            struct timeval tv;
-            fd_set fds;
-            tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
-            tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
-            FD_ZERO(&fds);
-            FD_SET(sock, &fds);
-            do ret = select(sock+1, NULL, &fds, NULL, timeout >= 0 ?&tv : NULL);
-            while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-            /* tell the caller to call us again because there is more data */
-            if (ret > 0) return IO_DONE;
-            /* tell the caller there was no data before timeout */
+        tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
+        tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
+        FD_ZERO(&fds);
+        FD_SET(sock, &fds);
+        if (select(sock+1, NULL, &fds, NULL, timeout >= 0? &tv: NULL) <= 0) {
+            /* here the call was interrupted. calling again might work */
+            if (errno == EINTR) return IO_RETRY;
+            /* here there was no data before timeout */
             else return IO_TIMEOUT;
-        /* here we know the connection has been closed */
-        } else return IO_CLOSED; 
+            /* here we didn't send anything, but now we can */
+        } else return IO_DONE;
     /* here we successfully sent something */
     } else {
         *sent = put;
@@ -185,33 +192,22 @@ int sock_sendto(p_sock ps, const char *data, size_t count, size_t *sent,
 {
     t_sock sock = *ps;
     ssize_t put;
-    int ret;
-    /* avoid making system calls on closed sockets */
     if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_CLOSED;
-    /* make sure we repeat in case the call was interrupted */
     do put = sendto(sock, data, count, 0, addr, addr_len);  
-    while (put <= 0 && errno == EINTR);
-    /* deal with failure */
+    while (put < 0 && errno == EINTR);
     if (put <= 0) {
-        /* in any case, nothing has been sent */
+        struct timeval tv;
+        fd_set fds;
         *sent = 0;
-        /* run select to avoid busy wait */
-        if (errno != EPIPE) {
-            struct timeval tv;
-            fd_set fds;
-            tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
-            tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
-            FD_ZERO(&fds);
-            FD_SET(sock, &fds);
-            do ret = select(sock+1, NULL, &fds, NULL, timeout >= 0? &tv: NULL);
-            while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-            /* tell the caller to call us again because there is more data */
-            if (ret > 0) return IO_DONE;
-            /* tell the caller there was no data before timeout */
+        if (errno == EPIPE) return IO_CLOSED;
+        tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
+        tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
+        FD_ZERO(&fds);
+        FD_SET(sock, &fds);
+        if (select(sock+1, NULL, &fds, NULL, timeout >= 0? &tv: NULL) <= 0) {
+            if (errno == EINTR) return IO_RETRY;
             else return IO_TIMEOUT;
-        /* here we know the connection has been closed */
-        } else return IO_CLOSED; 
-    /* here we successfully sent something */
+        } else return IO_DONE;
     } else {
         *sent = put;
         return IO_DONE;
@@ -220,11 +216,6 @@ int sock_sendto(p_sock ps, const char *data, size_t count, size_t *sent,
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Receive with timeout
-* Here we exchanged the order of the calls to write and select
-* The idea is that the outer loop (whoever is calling sock_send)
-* will call the function again if we didn't time out, so we can
-* call write and then select only if it fails.
-* Should speed things up!
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 int sock_recv(p_sock ps, char *data, size_t count, size_t *got, int timeout)
 {
@@ -232,7 +223,7 @@ int sock_recv(p_sock ps, char *data, size_t count, size_t *got, int timeout)
     ssize_t taken;
     if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_CLOSED;
     do taken = read(sock, data, count);  
-    while (taken <= 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    while (taken < 0 && errno == EINTR);
     if (taken <= 0) {
         struct timeval tv;
         fd_set fds;
@@ -243,10 +234,10 @@ int sock_recv(p_sock ps, char *data, size_t count, size_t *got, int timeout)
         tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
         FD_ZERO(&fds);
         FD_SET(sock, &fds);
-        do ret = select(sock+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, timeout >= 0 ? &tv : NULL);
-        while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-        if (ret > 0) return IO_DONE;
-        else return IO_TIMEOUT;
+        ret = select(sock+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, timeout >= 0 ? &tv : NULL);
+        if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR) return IO_RETRY;
+        if (ret == 0) return IO_TIMEOUT;
+        else return IO_DONE;
     } else {
         *got = taken;
         return IO_DONE;
@@ -263,7 +254,7 @@ int sock_recvfrom(p_sock ps, char *data, size_t count, size_t *got,
     ssize_t taken;
     if (sock == SOCK_INVALID) return IO_CLOSED;
     do taken = recvfrom(sock, data, count, 0, addr, addr_len);  
-    while (taken <= 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    while (taken < 0 && errno == EINTR);
     if (taken <= 0) {
         struct timeval tv;
         fd_set fds;
@@ -274,10 +265,10 @@ int sock_recvfrom(p_sock ps, char *data, size_t count, size_t *got,
         tv.tv_usec = (timeout % 1000) * 1000;
         FD_ZERO(&fds);
         FD_SET(sock, &fds);
-        do ret = select(sock+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, timeout >= 0 ? &tv : NULL);
-        while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
-        if (ret > 0) return IO_DONE;
-        else return IO_TIMEOUT;
+        ret = select(sock+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, timeout >= 0 ? &tv : NULL);
+        if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR) return IO_RETRY;
+        if (ret == 0) return IO_TIMEOUT;
+        else return IO_DONE;
     } else {
         *got = taken;
         return IO_DONE;
diff --git a/test/httptest.lua b/test/httptest.lua
index 9d9fa25..d3a4dc0 100644
--- a/test/httptest.lua
+++ b/test/httptest.lua
@@ -314,9 +314,10 @@ body = socket.http.get {
 check(body == index)
 
 io.write("testing HEAD method: ")
+socket.http.TIMEOUT = 1
 response = socket.http.request {
   method = "HEAD",
-  url = "http://www.tecgraf.puc-rio.br/~diego/"
+  url = "http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/"
 }
 check(response and response.headers)
 
diff --git a/test/testclnt.lua b/test/testclnt.lua
index 6b07dca..3dea831 100644
--- a/test/testclnt.lua
+++ b/test/testclnt.lua
@@ -359,6 +359,7 @@ test_methods(socket.tcp(), {
     "getsockname",
     "setoption",
     "settimeout",
+    "shutdown",
     "close",
 })
 test_methods(socket.udp(), {
@@ -372,6 +373,7 @@ test_methods(socket.udp(), {
     "receivefrom", 
     "setoption",
     "settimeout", 
+    "shutdown",
     "close", 
 })
 
@@ -484,6 +486,4 @@ test_blockingtimeoutreceive(800091, 3, 2)
 test_blockingtimeoutreceive(800091, 3, 1)
 ]]
 
-socket.done()
-
 test(string.format("done in %.2fs", socket.time() - start))