8 files changed, 139 insertions, 152 deletions

diff --git a/src/buffer.c b/src/buffer.c
index 8fc1166..fff1634 100644
--- a/src/buffer.c
+++ b/src/buffer.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ int buffer_open(lua_State *L) {
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
-* Initializes C structure 
+* Initializes C structure
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 void buffer_init(p_buffer buf, p_io io, p_timeout tm) {
     buf->first = buf->last = 0;
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ int buffer_meth_getstats(lua_State *L, p_buffer buf) {
 * object:setstats() interface
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 int buffer_meth_setstats(lua_State *L, p_buffer buf) {
-    buf->received = (long) luaL_optnumber(L, 2, (lua_Number) buf->received); 
-    buf->sent = (long) luaL_optnumber(L, 3, (lua_Number) buf->sent); 
+    buf->received = (long) luaL_optnumber(L, 2, (lua_Number) buf->received);
+    buf->sent = (long) luaL_optnumber(L, 3, (lua_Number) buf->sent);
     if (lua_isnumber(L, 4)) buf->birthday = timeout_gettime() - lua_tonumber(L, 4);
     lua_pushnumber(L, 1);
     return 1;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ int buffer_meth_send(lua_State *L, p_buffer buf) {
     /* check if there was an error */
     if (err != IO_DONE) {
         lua_pushnil(L);
-        lua_pushstring(L, buf->io->error(buf->io->ctx, err)); 
+        lua_pushstring(L, buf->io->error(buf->io->ctx, err));
         lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number) (sent+start-1));
     } else {
         lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number) (sent+start-1));
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ int buffer_meth_receive(lua_State *L, p_buffer buf) {
     size_t size;
     const char *part = luaL_optlstring(L, 3, "", &size);
     timeout_markstart(buf->tm);
-    /* initialize buffer with optional extra prefix 
+    /* initialize buffer with optional extra prefix
      * (useful for concatenating previous partial results) */
     luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
     luaL_addlstring(&b, part, size);
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ int buffer_meth_receive(lua_State *L, p_buffer buf) {
     if (!lua_isnumber(L, 2)) {
         const char *p= luaL_optstring(L, 2, "*l");
         if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == 'l') err = recvline(buf, &b);
-        else if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == 'a') err = recvall(buf, &b); 
+        else if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == 'a') err = recvall(buf, &b);
         else luaL_argcheck(L, 0, 2, "invalid receive pattern");
-    /* get a fixed number of bytes (minus what was already partially 
+    /* get a fixed number of bytes (minus what was already partially
      * received) */
     } else {
-        double n = lua_tonumber(L, 2); 
+        double n = lua_tonumber(L, 2);
         size_t wanted = (size_t) n;
         luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 0, 2, "invalid receive pattern");
         if (size == 0 || wanted > size)
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ int buffer_meth_receive(lua_State *L, p_buffer buf) {
         /* we can't push anyting in the stack before pushing the
          * contents of the buffer. this is the reason for the complication */
         luaL_pushresult(&b);
-        lua_pushstring(L, buf->io->error(buf->io->ctx, err)); 
-        lua_pushvalue(L, -2); 
+        lua_pushstring(L, buf->io->error(buf->io->ctx, err));
+        lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
         lua_pushnil(L);
         lua_replace(L, -4);
     } else {
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ static int recvall(p_buffer buf, luaL_Buffer *b) {
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
-* Reads a line terminated by a CR LF pair or just by a LF. The CR and LF 
+* Reads a line terminated by a CR LF pair or just by a LF. The CR and LF
 * are not returned by the function and are discarded from the buffer
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 static int recvline(p_buffer buf, luaL_Buffer *b) {
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ static int recvline(p_buffer buf, luaL_Buffer *b) {
 static void buffer_skip(p_buffer buf, size_t count) {
     buf->received += count;
     buf->first += count;
-    if (buffer_isempty(buf)) 
+    if (buffer_isempty(buf))
         buf->first = buf->last = 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/inet.c b/src/inet.c
index 68087db..8f0fac2 100644
--- a/src/inet.c
+++ b/src/inet.c
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ static int inet_global_getnameinfo(lua_State *L) {
 
     memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
     hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
-    hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
+    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
 
     ret = getaddrinfo(host, serv, &hints, &resolved);
     if (ret != 0) {
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ static int inet_global_getnameinfo(lua_State *L) {
 
     lua_newtable(L);
     for (i = 1, iter = resolved; iter; i++, iter = iter->ai_next) {
-        getnameinfo(iter->ai_addr, (socklen_t) iter->ai_addrlen, 
-            hbuf, host? (socklen_t) sizeof(hbuf): 0, 
+        getnameinfo(iter->ai_addr, (socklen_t) iter->ai_addrlen,
+            hbuf, host? (socklen_t) sizeof(hbuf): 0,
             sbuf, serv? (socklen_t) sizeof(sbuf): 0, 0);
         if (host) {
             lua_pushnumber(L, i);
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static int inet_global_toip(lua_State *L)
 int inet_optfamily(lua_State* L, int narg, const char* def)
 {
     static const char* optname[] = { "unspec", "inet", "inet6", NULL };
-    static int optvalue[] = { PF_UNSPEC, PF_INET, PF_INET6, 0 };
+    static int optvalue[] = { AF_UNSPEC, AF_INET, AF_INET6, 0 };
 
     return optvalue[luaL_checkoption(L, narg, def, optname)];
 }
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ static int inet_global_getaddrinfo(lua_State *L)
     int i = 1, ret = 0;
     memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
     hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
-    hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
+    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
     ret = getaddrinfo(hostname, NULL, &hints, &resolved);
     if (ret != 0) {
         lua_pushnil(L);
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ static int inet_global_getaddrinfo(lua_State *L)
     lua_newtable(L);
     for (iterator = resolved; iterator; iterator = iterator->ai_next) {
         char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
-        ret = getnameinfo(iterator->ai_addr, (socklen_t) iterator->ai_addrlen, 
+        ret = getnameinfo(iterator->ai_addr, (socklen_t) iterator->ai_addrlen,
             hbuf, (socklen_t) sizeof(hbuf), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
         if (ret){
           freeaddrinfo(resolved);
@@ -198,6 +198,16 @@ static int inet_global_getaddrinfo(lua_State *L)
                 lua_pushliteral(L, "inet6");
                 lua_settable(L, -3);
                 break;
+            case AF_UNSPEC:
+                lua_pushliteral(L, "family");
+                lua_pushliteral(L, "unspec");
+                lua_settable(L, -3);
+                break;
+            default:
+                lua_pushliteral(L, "family");
+                lua_pushliteral(L, "unknown");
+                lua_settable(L, -3);
+                break;
         }
         lua_pushliteral(L, "addr");
         lua_pushstring(L, hbuf);
@@ -254,12 +264,11 @@ int inet_meth_getpeername(lua_State *L, p_socket ps, int family)
     }
     lua_pushstring(L, name);
     lua_pushinteger(L, (int) strtol(port, (char **) NULL, 10));
-    if (family == PF_INET) {
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "inet");
-    } else if (family == PF_INET6) {
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "inet6");
-    } else {
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "uknown family");
+    switch (family) {
+        case AF_INET: lua_pushliteral(L, "inet"); break;
+        case AF_INET6: lua_pushliteral(L, "inet6"); break;
+        case AF_UNSPEC: lua_pushliteral(L, "unspec"); break;
+        default: lua_pushliteral(L, "unknown"); break;
     }
     return 3;
 }
@@ -279,7 +288,7 @@ int inet_meth_getsockname(lua_State *L, p_socket ps, int family)
         lua_pushstring(L, socket_strerror(errno));
         return 2;
     }
-        err=getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&peer, peer_len, 
+        err=getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&peer, peer_len,
                 name, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN, port, 6, NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
     if (err) {
         lua_pushnil(L);
@@ -288,12 +297,11 @@ int inet_meth_getsockname(lua_State *L, p_socket ps, int family)
     }
     lua_pushstring(L, name);
     lua_pushstring(L, port);
-    if (family == PF_INET) {
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "inet");
-    } else if (family == PF_INET6) {
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "inet6");
-    } else {
-        lua_pushliteral(L, "uknown family");
+    switch (family) {
+        case AF_INET: lua_pushliteral(L, "inet"); break;
+        case AF_INET6: lua_pushliteral(L, "inet6"); break;
+        case AF_UNSPEC: lua_pushliteral(L, "unspec"); break;
+        default: lua_pushliteral(L, "unknown"); break;
     }
     return 3;
 }
@@ -354,21 +362,21 @@ const char *inet_trycreate(p_socket ps, int family, int type) {
 const char *inet_trydisconnect(p_socket ps, int family, p_timeout tm)
 {
     switch (family) {
-        case PF_INET: {
+        case AF_INET: {
             struct sockaddr_in sin;
             memset((char *) &sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
             sin.sin_family = AF_UNSPEC;
             sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
-            return socket_strerror(socket_connect(ps, (SA *) &sin, 
+            return socket_strerror(socket_connect(ps, (SA *) &sin,
                 sizeof(sin), tm));
         }
-        case PF_INET6: {
+        case AF_INET6: {
             struct sockaddr_in6 sin6;
-            struct in6_addr addrany = IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT; 
+            struct in6_addr addrany = IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT;
             memset((char *) &sin6, 0, sizeof(sin6));
             sin6.sin6_family = AF_UNSPEC;
             sin6.sin6_addr = addrany;
-            return socket_strerror(socket_connect(ps, (SA *) &sin6, 
+            return socket_strerror(socket_connect(ps, (SA *) &sin6,
                 sizeof(sin6), tm));
         }
     }
@@ -383,6 +391,7 @@ const char *inet_tryconnect(p_socket ps, int *family, const char *address,
 {
     struct addrinfo *iterator = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
     const char *err = NULL;
+    int current_family = *family;
     /* try resolving */
     err = socket_gaistrerror(getaddrinfo(address, serv,
                 connecthints, &resolved));
@@ -397,23 +406,23 @@ const char *inet_tryconnect(p_socket ps, int *family, const char *address,
          * that shows up while iterating. if there was a
          * bind, all families will be the same and we will
          * not enter this branch. */
-        if (*family != iterator->ai_family) {
+        if (current_family != iterator->ai_family || *ps == SOCKET_INVALID) {
             socket_destroy(ps);
-            err = socket_strerror(socket_create(ps, iterator->ai_family, 
+            err = socket_strerror(socket_create(ps, iterator->ai_family,
                 iterator->ai_socktype, iterator->ai_protocol));
-            if (err != NULL) {
-                freeaddrinfo(resolved);
-                return err;
-            }
-            *family = iterator->ai_family;
-            /* all sockets initially non-blocking */
+            if (err) continue;
+            current_family = iterator->ai_family;
+            /* set non-blocking before connect */
             socket_setnonblocking(ps);
         }
         /* try connecting to remote address */
-        err = socket_strerror(socket_connect(ps, (SA *) iterator->ai_addr, 
+        err = socket_strerror(socket_connect(ps, (SA *) iterator->ai_addr,
             (socklen_t) iterator->ai_addrlen, tm));
         /* if success, break out of loop */
-        if (err == NULL) break;
+        if (err == NULL) {
+            *family = current_family;
+            break;
+        }
     }
     freeaddrinfo(resolved);
     /* here, if err is set, we failed */
@@ -423,29 +432,27 @@ const char *inet_tryconnect(p_socket ps, int *family, const char *address,
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Tries to accept a socket
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-const char *inet_tryaccept(p_socket server, int family, p_socket client, 
-    p_timeout tm)
-{
+const char *inet_tryaccept(p_socket server, int family, p_socket client,
+    p_timeout tm) {
         socklen_t len;
         t_sockaddr_storage addr;
-        if (family == PF_INET6) {
-                len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
-        } else {
-                len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
-        }
-        return socket_strerror(socket_accept(server, client, (SA *) &addr, 
+    switch (family) {
+        case AF_INET6: len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6); break;
+        case AF_INET: len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); break;
+        default: len = sizeof(addr); break;
+    }
+        return socket_strerror(socket_accept(server, client, (SA *) &addr,
         &len, tm));
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Tries to bind socket to (address, port)
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-const char *inet_trybind(p_socket ps, const char *address, const char *serv,
-        struct addrinfo *bindhints)
-{
+const char *inet_trybind(p_socket ps, int *family, const char *address,
+    const char *serv, struct addrinfo *bindhints) {
     struct addrinfo *iterator = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
     const char *err = NULL;
-    t_socket sock = *ps;
+    int current_family = *family;
     /* translate luasocket special values to C */
     if (strcmp(address, "*") == 0) address = NULL;
     if (!serv) serv = "0";
@@ -457,35 +464,32 @@ const char *inet_trybind(p_socket ps, const char *address, const char *serv,
     }
     /* iterate over resolved addresses until one is good */
     for (iterator = resolved; iterator; iterator = iterator->ai_next) {
-        if(sock == SOCKET_INVALID) {
-            err = socket_strerror(socket_create(&sock, iterator->ai_family,
+        if (current_family != iterator->ai_family || *ps == SOCKET_INVALID) {
+            socket_destroy(ps);
+            err = socket_strerror(socket_create(ps, iterator->ai_family,
                         iterator->ai_socktype, iterator->ai_protocol));
-            if(err)
-                continue;
+            if (err) continue;
+            current_family = iterator->ai_family;
         }
         /* try binding to local address */
-        err = socket_strerror(socket_bind(&sock,
-            (SA *) iterator->ai_addr,
+        err = socket_strerror(socket_bind(ps, (SA *) iterator->ai_addr,
             (socklen_t) iterator->ai_addrlen));
-
         /* keep trying unless bind succeeded */
-        if (err) {
-            if(sock != *ps)
-                socket_destroy(&sock);
-        } else {
-            /* remember what we connected to, particularly the family */
-            *bindhints = *iterator;
+        if (err == NULL) {
+            *family = current_family;
+            /* set to non-blocking after bind */
+            socket_setnonblocking(ps);
             break;
         }
     }
     /* cleanup and return error */
     freeaddrinfo(resolved);
-    *ps = sock;
+    /* here, if err is set, we failed */
     return err;
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
-* Some systems do not provide these so that we provide our own. 
+* Some systems do not provide these so that we provide our own.
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #ifdef LUASOCKET_INET_ATON
 int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
@@ -510,7 +514,7 @@ int inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *inp)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef LUASOCKET_INET_PTON
-int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst) 
+int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst)
 {
     struct addrinfo hints, *res;
     int ret = 1;
@@ -527,7 +531,7 @@ int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst)
     } else {
         ret = -1;
     }
-    freeaddrinfo(res); 
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
     return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/inet.h b/src/inet.h
index 1f1a96a..b85c20e 100644
--- a/src/inet.h
+++ b/src/inet.h
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-#ifndef INET_H 
-#define INET_H 
+#ifndef INET_H
+#define INET_H
 /*=========================================================================*\
 * Internet domain functions
 * LuaSocket toolkit
 *
 * This module implements the creation and connection of internet domain
 * sockets, on top of the socket.h interface, and the interface of with the
-* resolver. 
+* resolver.
 *
 * The function inet_aton is provided for the platforms where it is not
 * available. The module also implements the interface of the internet
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ int inet_open(lua_State *L);
 const char *inet_trycreate(p_socket ps, int family, int type);
 const char *inet_tryconnect(p_socket ps, int *family, const char *address,
         const char *serv, p_timeout tm, struct addrinfo *connecthints);
-const char *inet_trybind(p_socket ps, const char *address, const char *serv,
-        struct addrinfo *bindhints);
+const char *inet_trybind(p_socket ps, int *family, const char *address,
+        const char *serv, struct addrinfo *bindhints);
 const char *inet_trydisconnect(p_socket ps, int family, p_timeout tm);
 const char *inet_tryaccept(p_socket server, int family, p_socket client, p_timeout tm);
 
diff --git a/src/io.h b/src/io.h
index 76a3e58..8cca08a 100644
--- a/src/io.h
+++ b/src/io.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ enum {
     IO_DONE = 0,        /* operation completed successfully */
     IO_TIMEOUT = -1,    /* operation timed out */
     IO_CLOSED = -2,     /* the connection has been closed */
-        IO_UNKNOWN = -3     
+        IO_UNKNOWN = -3
 };
 
 /* interface to error message function */
diff --git a/src/socket.lua b/src/socket.lua
index 3913e6f..d1c0b16 100644
--- a/src/socket.lua
+++ b/src/socket.lua
@@ -32,23 +32,23 @@ function _M.bind(host, port, backlog)
     err = "no info on address"
     for i, alt in base.ipairs(addrinfo) do
         if alt.family == "inet" then
-            sock, err = socket.tcp()
+            sock, err = socket.tcp4()
         else
             sock, err = socket.tcp6()
         end
         if not sock then return nil, err end
         sock:setoption("reuseaddr", true)
         res, err = sock:bind(alt.addr, port)
-        if not res then 
+        if not res then
             sock:close()
-        else 
+        else
             res, err = sock:listen(backlog)
-            if not res then 
+            if not res then
                 sock:close()
             else
                 return sock
             end
-        end 
+        end
     end
     return nil, err
 end
diff --git a/src/tcp.c b/src/tcp.c
index dcac0c8..4d12f08 100644
--- a/src/tcp.c
+++ b/src/tcp.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 * Internal function prototypes
 \*=========================================================================*/
 static int global_create(lua_State *L);
+static int global_create4(lua_State *L);
 static int global_create6(lua_State *L);
 static int global_connect(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_connect(lua_State *L);
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ static t_opt optset[] = {
 /* functions in library namespace */
 static luaL_Reg func[] = {
     {"tcp", global_create},
+    {"tcp4", global_create4},
     {"tcp6", global_create6},
     {"connect", global_connect},
     {NULL, NULL}
@@ -213,8 +215,7 @@ static int meth_accept(lua_State *L)
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Binds an object to an address
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-static int meth_bind(lua_State *L)
-{
+static int meth_bind(lua_State *L) {
     p_tcp tcp = (p_tcp) auxiliar_checkclass(L, "tcp{master}", 1);
     const char *address =  luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
     const char *port = luaL_checkstring(L, 3);
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ static int meth_bind(lua_State *L)
     bindhints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
     bindhints.ai_family = tcp->family;
     bindhints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
-    err = inet_trybind(&tcp->sock, address, port, &bindhints);
+    err = inet_trybind(&tcp->sock, &tcp->family, address, port, &bindhints);
     if (err) {
         lua_pushnil(L);
         lua_pushstring(L, err);
@@ -237,8 +238,7 @@ static int meth_bind(lua_State *L)
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*\
 * Turns a master tcp object into a client object.
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-static int meth_connect(lua_State *L)
-{
+static int meth_connect(lua_State *L) {
     p_tcp tcp = (p_tcp) auxiliar_checkgroup(L, "tcp{any}", 1);
     const char *address =  luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
     const char *port = luaL_checkstring(L, 3);
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ static int meth_connect(lua_State *L)
     /* make sure we try to connect only to the same family */
     connecthints.ai_family = tcp->family;
     timeout_markstart(&tcp->tm);
-    err = inet_tryconnect(&tcp->sock, &tcp->family, address, port, 
+    err = inet_tryconnect(&tcp->sock, &tcp->family, address, port,
         &tcp->tm, &connecthints);
     /* have to set the class even if it failed due to non-blocking connects */
     auxiliar_setclass(L, "tcp{client}", 1);
@@ -279,9 +279,12 @@ static int meth_close(lua_State *L)
 static int meth_getfamily(lua_State *L)
 {
     p_tcp tcp = (p_tcp) auxiliar_checkgroup(L, "tcp{any}", 1);
-    if (tcp->family == PF_INET6) {
+    if (tcp->family == AF_INET6) {
         lua_pushliteral(L, "inet6");
         return 1;
+    } else if (tcp->family == AF_INET) {
+        lua_pushliteral(L, "inet4");
+        return 1;
     } else {
         lua_pushliteral(L, "inet4");
         return 1;
@@ -353,7 +356,12 @@ static int meth_settimeout(lua_State *L)
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 static int tcp_create(lua_State *L, int family) {
     t_socket sock;
-    const char *err = inet_trycreate(&sock, family, SOCK_STREAM);
+    /* if family is AF_UNSPEC, we create an AF_INET socket
+     * but store AF_UNSPEC into tcp-family. This will allow it
+     * later be replaced with an AF_INET6 socket if
+     * trybind or tryconnect prefer it instead. */
+    const char *err = inet_trycreate(&sock, family == AF_UNSPEC?
+        AF_INET: family, SOCK_STREAM);
     /* try to allocate a system socket */
     if (!err) {
         /* allocate tcp object */
@@ -363,7 +371,7 @@ static int tcp_create(lua_State *L, int family) {
         auxiliar_setclass(L, "tcp{master}", -1);
         /* initialize remaining structure fields */
         socket_setnonblocking(&sock);
-        if (family == PF_INET6) {
+        if (family == AF_INET6) {
             int yes = 1;
             setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY,
                 (void *)&yes, sizeof(yes));
@@ -383,6 +391,10 @@ static int tcp_create(lua_State *L, int family) {
 }
 
 static int global_create(lua_State *L) {
+    return tcp_create(L, AF_UNSPEC);
+}
+
+static int global_create4(lua_State *L) {
     return tcp_create(L, AF_INET);
 }
 
@@ -390,53 +402,6 @@ static int global_create6(lua_State *L) {
     return tcp_create(L, AF_INET6);
 }
 
-#if 0
-static const char *tryconnect6(const char *remoteaddr, const char *remoteserv,
-    struct addrinfo *connecthints, p_tcp tcp) {
-    struct addrinfo *iterator = NULL, *resolved = NULL;
-    const char *err = NULL;
-    /* try resolving */
-    err = socket_gaistrerror(getaddrinfo(remoteaddr, remoteserv,
-                connecthints, &resolved));
-    if (err != NULL) {
-        if (resolved) freeaddrinfo(resolved);
-        return err;
-    }
-    /* iterate over all returned addresses trying to connect */
-    for (iterator = resolved; iterator; iterator = iterator->ai_next) {
-        p_timeout tm = timeout_markstart(&tcp->tm);
-        /* create new socket if necessary. if there was no
-         * bind, we need to create one for every new family
-         * that shows up while iterating. if there was a
-         * bind, all families will be the same and we will
-         * not enter this branch. */
-        if (tcp->family != iterator->ai_family) {
-            socket_destroy(&tcp->sock);
-            err = socket_strerror(socket_create(&tcp->sock,
-                iterator->ai_family, iterator->ai_socktype,
-                iterator->ai_protocol));
-            if (err != NULL) {
-                freeaddrinfo(resolved);
-                return err;
-            }
-            tcp->family = iterator->ai_family;
-            /* all sockets initially non-blocking */
-            socket_setnonblocking(&tcp->sock);
-        }
-        /* finally try connecting to remote address */
-        err = socket_strerror(socket_connect(&tcp->sock,
-            (SA *) iterator->ai_addr,
-            (socklen_t) iterator->ai_addrlen, tm));
-        /* if success, break out of loop */
-        if (err == NULL) break;
-    }
-
-    freeaddrinfo(resolved);
-    /* here, if err is set, we failed */
-    return err;
-}
-#endif
-
 static int global_connect(lua_State *L) {
     const char *remoteaddr = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
     const char *remoteserv = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
@@ -453,26 +418,26 @@ static int global_connect(lua_State *L) {
     timeout_init(&tcp->tm, -1, -1);
     buffer_init(&tcp->buf, &tcp->io, &tcp->tm);
     tcp->sock = SOCKET_INVALID;
-    tcp->family = PF_UNSPEC;
+    tcp->family = AF_UNSPEC;
     /* allow user to pick local address and port */
     memset(&bindhints, 0, sizeof(bindhints));
     bindhints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
     bindhints.ai_family = family;
     bindhints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
     if (localaddr) {
-        err = inet_trybind(&tcp->sock, localaddr, localserv, &bindhints);
+        err = inet_trybind(&tcp->sock, &tcp->family, localaddr, 
+            localserv, &bindhints);
         if (err) {
             lua_pushnil(L);
             lua_pushstring(L, err);
             return 2;
         }
-        tcp->family = bindhints.ai_family;
     }
     /* try to connect to remote address and port */
     memset(&connecthints, 0, sizeof(connecthints));
     connecthints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
     /* make sure we try to connect only to the same family */
-    connecthints.ai_family = bindhints.ai_family;
+    connecthints.ai_family = tcp->family; 
     err = inet_tryconnect(&tcp->sock, &tcp->family, remoteaddr, remoteserv,
          &tcp->tm, &connecthints);
     if (err) {
diff --git a/src/udp.c b/src/udp.c
index 7ff00f5..6600859 100644
--- a/src/udp.c
+++ b/src/udp.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 * Internal function prototypes
 \*=========================================================================*/
 static int global_create(lua_State *L);
+static int global_create4(lua_State *L);
 static int global_create6(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_send(lua_State *L);
 static int meth_sendto(lua_State *L);
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ static t_opt optget[] = {
 /* functions in library namespace */
 static luaL_Reg func[] = {
     {"udp", global_create},
+    {"udp4", global_create4},
     {"udp6", global_create6},
     {NULL, NULL}
 };
@@ -264,7 +266,7 @@ static int meth_receivefrom(lua_State *L)
 static int meth_getfamily(lua_State *L)
 {
     p_udp udp = (p_udp) auxiliar_checkgroup(L, "udp{any}", 1);
-    if (udp->family == PF_INET6) {
+    if (udp->family == AF_INET6) {
         lua_pushliteral(L, "inet6");
         return 1;
     } else {
@@ -391,7 +393,7 @@ static int meth_setsockname(lua_State *L) {
     bindhints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM;
     bindhints.ai_family = udp->family;
     bindhints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
-    err = inet_trybind(&udp->sock, address, port, &bindhints);
+    err = inet_trybind(&udp->sock, &udp->family, address, port, &bindhints);
     if (err) {
         lua_pushnil(L);
         lua_pushstring(L, err);
@@ -409,7 +411,12 @@ static int meth_setsockname(lua_State *L) {
 \*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 static int udp_create(lua_State *L, int family) {
     t_socket sock;
-    const char *err = inet_trycreate(&sock, family, SOCK_DGRAM);
+    /* if family is AF_UNSPEC, we create an AF_INET socket
+     * but store AF_UNSPEC into tcp-family. This will allow it
+     * later be replaced with an AF_INET6 socket if
+     * trybind or tryconnect prefer it instead. */
+    const char *err = inet_trycreate(&sock, family == AF_UNSPEC?
+        AF_INET: family, SOCK_DGRAM);
     /* try to allocate a system socket */
     if (!err) {
         /* allocate udp object */
@@ -417,7 +424,7 @@ static int udp_create(lua_State *L, int family) {
         auxiliar_setclass(L, "udp{unconnected}", -1);
         /* initialize remaining structure fields */
         socket_setnonblocking(&sock);
-        if (family == PF_INET6) {
+        if (family == AF_INET6) {
             int yes = 1;
             setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY,
                 (void *)&yes, sizeof(yes));
@@ -434,6 +441,10 @@ static int udp_create(lua_State *L, int family) {
 }
 
 static int global_create(lua_State *L) {
+    return udp_create(L, AF_UNSPEC);
+}
+
+static int global_create4(lua_State *L) {
     return udp_create(L, AF_INET);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/usocket.c b/src/usocket.c
index 99e551b..8adc573 100644
--- a/src/usocket.c
+++ b/src/usocket.c
@@ -211,6 +211,8 @@ int socket_send(p_socket ps, const char *data, size_t count,
         err = errno;
         /* EPIPE means the connection was closed */
         if (err == EPIPE) return IO_CLOSED;
+        /* EPROTOTYPE means the connection is being closed (on Yosemite!)*/
+        if (err == EPROTOTYPE) continue;
         /* we call was interrupted, just try again */
         if (err == EINTR) continue;
         /* if failed fatal reason, report error */
@@ -239,6 +241,7 @@ int socket_sendto(p_socket ps, const char *data, size_t count, size_t *sent,
         }
         err = errno;
         if (err == EPIPE) return IO_CLOSED;
+        if (err == EPROTOTYPE) continue;
         if (err == EINTR) continue;
         if (err != EAGAIN) return err;
         if ((err = socket_waitfd(ps, WAITFD_W, tm)) != IO_DONE) return err;
@@ -317,6 +320,8 @@ int socket_write(p_socket ps, const char *data, size_t count,
         err = errno;
         /* EPIPE means the connection was closed */
         if (err == EPIPE) return IO_CLOSED;
+        /* EPROTOTYPE means the connection is being closed (on Yosemite!)*/
+        if (err == EPROTOTYPE) continue;
         /* we call was interrupted, just try again */
         if (err == EINTR) continue;
         /* if failed fatal reason, report error */
@@ -410,7 +415,9 @@ const char *socket_strerror(int err) {
         case ECONNABORTED: return PIE_CONNABORTED;
         case ECONNRESET: return PIE_CONNRESET;
         case ETIMEDOUT: return PIE_TIMEDOUT;
-        default: return strerror(err);
+        default: {
+            return strerror(err);
+        }
     }
 }