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-.\"     $OpenBSD: rcmd.3,v 1.34 2016/05/28 15:48:30 millert Exp $
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
-.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: May 28 2016 $
-.Dt RCMD 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm rcmd ,
-.Nm rcmd_af ,
-.Nm rresvport ,
-.Nm rresvport_af ,
-.Nm ruserok
-.Nd routines for returning a stream to a remote command
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In unistd.h
-.Ft int
-.Fn rcmd "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p"
-.Ft int
-.Fn rcmd_af "char **ahost" "int inport" "const char *locuser" "const char *remuser" "const char *cmd" "int *fd2p" "int af"
-.Ft int
-.Fn rresvport "int *port"
-.Ft int
-.Fn rresvport_af "int *port" "int af"
-.Ft int
-.Fn ruserok "const char *rhost" "int superuser" "const char *ruser" "const char *luser"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn rcmd
-function is used by the superuser to execute a command on a remote
-machine using an authentication scheme based on reserved
-port numbers.
-If the calling process is not setuid, the
-.Ev RSH
-environment variable is set, and
-.Fa inport
-is
-.Dq shell/tcp ,
-.Xr rcmdsh 3
-is called instead with the value of
-.Ev RSH .
-Alternately, if the user is not the superuser,
-.Fn rcmd
-will invoke
-.Xr rcmdsh 3
-to run the command via
-.Xr ssh 1 .
-While
-.Fn rcmd
-can handle IPv4 cases only,
-the
-.Fn rcmd_af
-function can handle other cases as well.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn rresvport
-and
-.Fn rresvport_af
-functions return a descriptor to a socket
-with an address in the privileged port space.
-The
-.Fn ruserok
-function is used by servers
-to authenticate clients requesting service with
-.Fn rcmd .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn rcmd
-function looks up the host
-.Fa *ahost
-using
-.Xr getaddrinfo 3
-and, if the host exists,
-.Fa *ahost
-is set to the canonical name of the host.
-A connection is then established to a server
-residing at the well-known Internet port
-.Fa inport .
-If the user is not the superuser, the only valid port is
-.Dq shell/tcp
-(usually port 514).
-.Pp
-If the connection succeeds,
-a socket in the Internet domain of type
-.Dv SOCK_STREAM
-is returned to the caller, and given to the remote
-command as stdin and stdout.
-If
-.Fa fd2p
-is non-zero, then an auxiliary channel to a control
-process will be set up, and a descriptor for it will be placed
-in
-.Fa *fd2p .
-The control process will return diagnostic
-output from the command (unit 2) on this channel, and will also
-accept bytes on this channel as being
-.Tn UNIX
-signal numbers, to be
-forwarded to the process group of the command.
-If
-.Fa fd2p
-is
-.Va NULL ,
-then the standard error (unit 2 of the remote command) will be made
-the same as the standard output and no provision is made for sending
-arbitrary signals to the remote process, although you may be able to
-get its attention by using out-of-band data.
-Note that if the user is not the superuser,
-.Fa fd2p
-must be
-.Va NULL .
-.Pp
-.Fn rcmd_af
-takes address family in the last argument.
-If the last argument is
-.Dv AF_UNSPEC ,
-interpretation of
-.Fa *ahost
-will obey the underlying address resolution like DNS.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn rresvport
-and
-.Fn rresvport_af
-functions are used to obtain a socket with a privileged
-address bound to it.
-This socket is suitable for use by
-.Fn rcmd
-and several other functions.
-Privileged Internet ports are those in the range 0 to
-.Va IPPORT_RESERVED - 1 ,
-which happens to be 1023.
-Only the superuser is allowed to bind an address of this sort to a socket.
-.Fn rresvport
-and
-.Fn rresvport_af
-need to be seeded with a port number; if that port
-is not available these functions will find another.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn ruserok
-function takes a remote host's name, two user names,
-and a flag indicating whether the local user's
-name is that of the superuser.
-Then, if the user is
-.Em not
-the superuser, it checks the
-.Pa /etc/hosts.equiv
-file.
-If that lookup is not done, or is unsuccessful, the
-.Pa .rhosts
-in the local user's home directory is checked to see if the request for
-service is allowed.
-.Pp
-If this file does not exist, is not a regular file, is owned by anyone
-other than the user or the superuser, or is writeable by anyone other
-than the owner, the check automatically fails.
-Zero is returned if the machine name is listed in the
-.Pa hosts.equiv
-file, or the host and remote user name are found in the
-.Pa .rhosts
-file; otherwise
-.Fn ruserok
-returns \-1.
-If the local domain (as obtained from
-.Xr getaddrinfo 3 )
-is the same as the remote domain, only the machine name need be specified.
-.Pp
-.Fn ruserok
-implicitly requires trusting the DNS server for the remote host's domain.
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-The
-.Fn rcmd
-function returns a valid socket descriptor on success.
-It returns \-1 on error and prints a diagnostic message on the standard error.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn rresvport
-and
-.Fn rresvport_af
-functions return a valid, bound socket descriptor on success.
-It returns \-1 on error with the global value
-.Va errno
-set according to the reason for failure.
-The error code
-.Er EAGAIN
-is overloaded to mean
-.Dq all network ports in use .
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr ssh 1 ,
-.Xr intro 2 ,
-.Xr bindresvport 3 ,
-.Xr bindresvport_sa 3 ,
-.Xr rcmdsh 3
-.Sh HISTORY
-These
-functions appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn iruserok
-and
-.Fn iruserok_sa
-functions, IP address based versions of
-.Fn ruserok ,
-were removed in
-.Ox 6.0 .