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-.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
-.\"     The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     $OpenBSD: getopt.3,v 1.48 2022/07/25 02:25:55 jsg Exp $
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: July 25 2022 $
-.Dt GETOPT 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm getopt
-.Nd get option character from command line argument list
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In unistd.h
-.Vt extern char *optarg;
-.Vt extern int   opterr;
-.Vt extern int   optind;
-.Vt extern int   optopt;
-.Vt extern int   optreset;
-.Ft int
-.Fn getopt "int argc" "char * const *argv" "const char *optstring"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn getopt
-function incrementally parses a command line argument list
-.Fa argv
-and returns the next
-.Em known
-option character.
-An option character is
-.Em known
-if it has been specified in the string of accepted option characters,
-.Fa optstring .
-.Pp
-The option string
-.Fa optstring
-may contain the following elements: individual characters,
-characters followed by a colon, and characters followed by two colons.
-A character followed by a single colon indicates that an argument
-is to follow the option on the command line.
-Two colons indicates that the argument is optional \- this is an
-extension not covered by POSIX.
-For example, an option string
-.Qq x
-recognizes an option
-.Fl x ,
-and an option string
-.Qq Li x:
-recognizes an option and argument
-.Fl x Ar argument .
-It does not matter to
-.Fn getopt
-if a following argument has leading whitespace; except in the case where
-the argument is optional, denoted with two colons, no leading whitespace
-is permitted.
-.Pp
-On return from
-.Fn getopt ,
-.Va optarg
-points to an option argument, if it is anticipated,
-and the variable
-.Va optind
-contains the index to the next
-.Fa argv
-argument for a subsequent call
-to
-.Fn getopt .
-.Pp
-The variables
-.Va opterr
-and
-.Va optind
-are both initialized to 1.
-The
-.Va optind
-variable may be set to another value larger than 0 before a set of calls to
-.Fn getopt
-in order to skip over more or less
-.Fa argv
-entries.
-An
-.Va optind
-value of 0 is reserved for compatibility with GNU
-.Fn getopt .
-.Pp
-In order to use
-.Fn getopt
-to evaluate multiple sets of arguments, or to evaluate a single set of
-arguments multiple times,
-the variable
-.Va optreset
-must be set to 1 before the second and each additional set of calls to
-.Fn getopt ,
-and the variable
-.Va optind
-must be reinitialized.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn getopt
-function returns \-1 when the argument list is exhausted.
-The interpretation of options in the argument list may be cancelled
-by the option
-.Ql --
-(double dash) which causes
-.Fn getopt
-to signal the end of argument processing and return \-1.
-When all options have been processed (i.e., up to the first non-option
-argument),
-.Fn getopt
-returns \-1.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-The
-.Fn getopt
-function returns the next known option character in
-.Fa optstring .
-If
-.Fn getopt
-encounters a character not found in
-.Fa optstring
-or if it detects a missing option argument,
-it returns
-.Sq \&?
-(question mark).
-If
-.Fa optstring
-has a leading
-.Sq \&:
-then a missing option argument causes
-.Sq \&:
-to be returned instead of
-.Sq \&? .
-In either case, the variable
-.Va optopt
-is set to the character that caused the error.
-The
-.Fn getopt
-function returns \-1 when the argument list is exhausted.
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-The following code accepts the options
-.Fl b
-and
-.Fl f Ar argument
-and adjusts
-.Va argc
-and
-.Va argv
-after option argument processing has completed.
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-int bflag, ch, fd;
-
-bflag = 0;
-while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "bf:")) != -1) {
-        switch (ch) {
-        case 'b':
-                bflag = 1;
-                break;
-        case 'f':
-                if ((fd = open(optarg, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
-                        err(1, "%s", optarg);
-                break;
-        default:
-                usage();
-        }
-}
-argc -= optind;
-argv += optind;
-.Ed
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-If the
-.Fn getopt
-function encounters a character not found in the string
-.Fa optstring
-or detects
-a missing option argument, it writes an error message to
-.Em stderr
-and returns
-.Ql \&? .
-Setting
-.Va opterr
-to a zero will disable these error messages.
-If
-.Fa optstring
-has a leading
-.Ql \&:
-then a missing option argument causes a
-.Ql \&:
-to be returned in addition to suppressing any error messages.
-.Pp
-Option arguments are allowed to begin with
-.Ql - ;
-this is reasonable but reduces the amount of error checking possible.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr getopt 1 ,
-.Xr getopt_long 3 ,
-.Xr getsubopt 3
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn getopt
-function implements a superset of the functionality specified by
-.St -p1003.1 .
-.Pp
-The following extensions are supported:
-.Bl -bullet
-.It
-The
-.Va optreset
-variable was added to make it possible to call the
-.Fn getopt
-function multiple times.
-.It
-If the
-.Va optind
-variable is set to 0,
-.Fn getopt
-will behave as if the
-.Va optreset
-variable has been set.
-This is for compatibility with
-.Tn GNU
-.Fn getopt .
-New code should use
-.Va optreset
-instead.
-.It
-If the first character of
-.Fa optstring
-is a plus sign
-.Pq Ql + ,
-it will be ignored.
-This is for compatibility with
-.Tn GNU
-.Fn getopt .
-.It
-If the first character of
-.Fa optstring
-is a dash
-.Pq Ql - ,
-non-options will be returned as arguments to the option character
-.Ql \e1 .
-This is for compatibility with
-.Tn GNU
-.Fn getopt .
-.It
-A single dash
-.Pq Ql -
-may be specified as a character in
-.Fa optstring ,
-however it should
-.Em never
-have an argument associated with it.
-This allows
-.Fn getopt
-to be used with programs that expect
-.Ql -
-as an option flag.
-This practice is wrong, and should not be used in any current development.
-It is provided for backward compatibility
-.Em only .
-Care should be taken not to use
-.Ql -
-as the first character in
-.Fa optstring
-to avoid a semantic conflict with
-.Tn GNU
-.Fn getopt
-semantics (see above).
-By default, a single dash causes
-.Fn getopt
-to return \-1.
-.El
-.Pp
-Historic
-.Bx
-versions of
-.Fn getopt
-set
-.Fa optopt
-to the last option character processed.
-However, this conflicts with
-.St -p1003.1
-which stipulates that
-.Fa optopt
-be set to the last character that caused an error.
-.Sh HISTORY
-The
-.Fn getopt
-function first appeared in
-.At III
-and was reimplemented for
-.Bx 4.3 .
-.Sh BUGS
-The
-.Fn getopt
-function was once specified to return
-.Dv EOF
-instead of \-1.
-This was changed by
-.St -p1003.2-92
-to decouple
-.Fn getopt
-from
-.In stdio.h .
-.Pp
-It is possible to handle digits as option letters.
-This allows
-.Fn getopt
-to be used with programs that expect a number
-.Pq Dq Li \-3
-as an option.
-This practice is wrong, and should not be used in any current development.
-It is provided for backward compatibility
-.Em only .
-The following code fragment works in most cases and can handle mixed
-number and letter arguments.
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-int aflag = 0, bflag = 0, ch, lastch = '\e0';
-int length = -1, newarg = 1, prevoptind = 1;
-
-while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "0123456789ab")) != -1) {
-        switch (ch) {
-        case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
-        case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
-                if (newarg || !isdigit(lastch))
-                        length = 0;
-                else if (length > INT_MAX / 10)
-                        usage();
-                length = (length * 10) + (ch - '0');
-                break;
-        case 'a':
-                aflag = 1;
-                break;
-        case 'b':
-                bflag = 1;
-                break;
-        default:
-                usage();
-        }
-        lastch = ch;
-        newarg = optind != prevoptind;
-        prevoptind = optind;
-}
-.Ed