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-.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\"    without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\"     $OpenBSD: random.3,v 1.29 2021/02/12 17:03:51 deraadt Exp $
-.\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: February 12 2021 $
-.Dt RANDOM 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm random ,
-.Nm srandom ,
-.Nm srandom_deterministic ,
-.Nm srandomdev ,
-.Nm initstate ,
-.Nm setstate
-.Nd pseudo-random number generator; routines for changing generators
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In stdlib.h
-.Ft long
-.Fn random void
-.Ft void
-.Fn srandom "unsigned int seed"
-.Ft void
-.Fn srandom_deterministic "unsigned int seed"
-.Ft void
-.Fn srandomdev void
-.Ft char *
-.Fn initstate "unsigned int seed" "char *state" "size_t n"
-.Ft char *
-.Fn setstate "char *state"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Bf -symbolic
-Standards insist that this interface return deterministic results.
-Unsafe usage is very common, so
-.Ox
-changed the subsystem to return non-deterministic results by default.
-.Ef
-.Pp
-To satisfy portable code,
-.Fn srandom
-or
-.Fn srandomdev
-may be called to initialize the subsystem.
-In
-.Ox
-the
-.Ar seed
-variable is ignored, and strong random number results will be provided from
-.Xr arc4random 3 .
-In other systems, the
-.Ar seed
-variable primes a simplistic deterministic algorithm.
-.Pp
-If the standardized behavior is required
-.Fn srandom_deterministic
-can be substituted for
-.Fn srandom ,
-then subsequent
-.Fn random
-calls will return results using the deterministic algorithm.
-.Pp
-In non-deterministic (default) mode, the
-.Fn random
-function returns results from
-.Xr arc4random 3
-in the range from 0 to (2**31)\-1.
-.Pp
-In deterministic mode, the
-.Fn random
-function uses a non-linear additive feedback random number generator employing
-a default table of size 31 long integers to return successive pseudo-random
-numbers in the range from 0 to (2**31)\-1.
-The period of this random number generator is very large, approximately
-16*((2**31)\-1), but the results are a deterministic sequence from the seed.
-The deterministic sequence algorithm changed a number of times since
-original development, is underspecified, and should not be relied upon to
-remain consistent between platforms and over time.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn initstate
-routine allows a state array, passed in as an argument, to be initialized
-for future use.
-The size of the state array (in bytes) is used by
-.Fn initstate
-to decide how sophisticated a random number generator it should use \(em the
-more state, the better the random numbers will be.
-(Current "optimal" values for the amount of state information are
-8, 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes; other amounts will be rounded down to
-the nearest known amount.
-Using less than 8 bytes will cause an error.)
-The seed for the initialization (which specifies a starting point for
-the random number sequence, and provides for restarting at the same
-point) is also an argument.
-The
-.Fn initstate
-function returns a pointer to the previous state information array.
-.Pp
-Once a state has been initialized, the
-.Fn setstate
-routine provides for rapid switching between states.
-The
-.Fn setstate
-function returns a pointer to the previous state array; its
-argument state array is used for further random number generation
-until the next call to
-.Fn initstate
-or
-.Fn setstate .
-.Pp
-Once a state array has been initialized, it may be restarted at a
-different point either by calling
-.Fn initstate
-(with the desired seed, the state array, and its size) or by calling
-both
-.Fn setstate
-(with the state array) and
-.Fn srandom
-(with the desired seed).
-The advantage of calling both
-.Fn setstate
-and
-.Fn srandom
-is that the size of the state array does not have to be remembered after
-it is initialized.
-.Pp
-Use of
-.Fn srandom_deterministic ,
-.Fn initstate ,
-or
-.Fn setstate
-forces the subsystem into deterministic mode.
-.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
-If
-.Fn initstate
-is called with less than 8 bytes of state information, or if
-.Fn setstate
-detects that the state information has been garbled, error
-messages are printed on the standard error output.
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr arc4random 3 ,
-.Xr drand48 3 ,
-.Xr rand 3 ,
-.Xr random 4
-.Sh STANDARDS
-The
-.Fn random ,
-.Fn initstate ,
-and
-.Fn setstate
-functions conform to
-.St -xpg4.2 .
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn srandom
-function does not conform to
-.St -xpg4.2 ,
-intentionally.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn srandomdev
-function is an extension.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn srandom_deterministic
-function is an
-.Ox
-extension.
-.Sh HISTORY
-These
-functions appeared in
-.Bx 4.2 .
-.Sh AUTHORS
-.An Earl T. Cohen