Enable codepages and languages to be set via .wxl files

Fixes wixtoolset/issues#5801

38 files changed, 619 insertions, 235 deletions

diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.Burn/WixToolset.Core.Burn.csproj b/src/WixToolset.Core.Burn/WixToolset.Core.Burn.csproj
index 2e828eae..85bfae69 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.Burn/WixToolset.Core.Burn.csproj
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.Burn/WixToolset.Core.Burn.csproj
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="System.Security.Permissions" Version="4.6.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="WixToolset.Burn" Version="4.0.*" />
     <PackageReference Include="WixToolset.Core.Native" Version="4.0.*" />
     <PackageReference Include="WixToolset.Data" Version="4.0.*" />
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/AttachPatchTransformsCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/AttachPatchTransformsCommand.cs
index 5f8df92c..76bcd532 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/AttachPatchTransformsCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/AttachPatchTransformsCommand.cs
@@ -91,15 +91,15 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             var symbols = this.Intermediate.Sections.SelectMany(s => s.Symbols).ToList();
 
             // Get the patch id from the WixPatchId symbol.
-            var patchIdSymbol = symbols.OfType<WixPatchIdSymbol>().FirstOrDefault();
+            var patchSymbol = symbols.OfType<WixPatchSymbol>().FirstOrDefault();
 
-            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(patchIdSymbol.Id?.Id))
+            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(patchSymbol.Id?.Id))
             {
                 this.Messaging.Write(ErrorMessages.ExpectedPatchIdInWixMsp());
                 return subStorages;
             }
 
-            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(patchIdSymbol.ClientPatchId))
+            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(patchSymbol.ClientPatchId))
             {
                 this.Messaging.Write(ErrorMessages.ExpectedClientPatchIdInWixMsp());
                 return subStorages;
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             }
 
             // populate MSP summary information
-            var patchMetadata = this.PopulateSummaryInformation(summaryInfo, symbols, patchIdSymbol, section.Codepage);
+            var patchMetadata = this.PopulateSummaryInformation(summaryInfo, symbols, patchSymbol);
 
             // enumerate transforms
             var productCodes = new SortedSet<string>();
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                 mainTransform.Transform.Tables.Remove("Media");
                 mainTransform.Transform.Tables.Remove("MsiDigitalSignature");
 
-                var pairedTransform = this.BuildPairedTransform(summaryInfo, patchMetadata, patchIdSymbol, mainTransform.Transform, mediaSymbol, baselineSymbol, out var productCode);
+                var pairedTransform = this.BuildPairedTransform(summaryInfo, patchMetadata, patchSymbol, mainTransform.Transform, mediaSymbol, baselineSymbol, out var productCode);
 
                 productCode = productCode.ToUpperInvariant();
                 productCodes.Add(productCode);
@@ -211,14 +211,14 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             productCodes = FinalizePatchProductCodes(symbols, productCodes);
 
             // Semicolon delimited list of the product codes that can accept the patch.
-            summaryInfo.Add(SummaryInformationType.PatchProductCodes, new SummaryInformationSymbol(patchIdSymbol.SourceLineNumbers)
+            summaryInfo.Add(SummaryInformationType.PatchProductCodes, new SummaryInformationSymbol(patchSymbol.SourceLineNumbers)
             {
                 PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.PatchProductCodes,
                 Value = String.Join(";", productCodes)
             });
 
             // Semicolon delimited list of transform substorage names in the order they are applied.
-            summaryInfo.Add(SummaryInformationType.TransformNames, new SummaryInformationSymbol(patchIdSymbol.SourceLineNumbers)
+            summaryInfo.Add(SummaryInformationType.TransformNames, new SummaryInformationSymbol(patchSymbol.SourceLineNumbers)
             {
                 PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.TransformNames,
                 Value = String.Join(";", transformNames)
@@ -262,25 +262,25 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             return result;
         }
 
-        private Dictionary<string, MsiPatchMetadataSymbol> PopulateSummaryInformation(Dictionary<SummaryInformationType, SummaryInformationSymbol> summaryInfo, List<IntermediateSymbol> symbols, WixPatchIdSymbol patchIdSymbol, int codepage)
+        private Dictionary<string, MsiPatchMetadataSymbol> PopulateSummaryInformation(Dictionary<SummaryInformationType, SummaryInformationSymbol> summaryInfo, List<IntermediateSymbol> symbols, WixPatchSymbol patchSymbol)
         {
             // PID_CODEPAGE
             if (!summaryInfo.ContainsKey(SummaryInformationType.Codepage))
             {
                 // Set the code page by default to the same code page for the
                 // string pool in the database.
-                AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.Codepage, codepage.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), patchIdSymbol.SourceLineNumbers);
+                AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.Codepage, patchSymbol.Codepage?.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) ?? "0", patchSymbol.SourceLineNumbers);
             }
 
             // GUID patch code for the patch.
-            AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.PatchCode, patchIdSymbol.Id.Id, patchIdSymbol.SourceLineNumbers);
+            AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.PatchCode, patchSymbol.Id.Id, patchSymbol.SourceLineNumbers);
 
             // Indicates the minimum Windows Installer version that is required to install the patch.
-            AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.PatchInstallerRequirement, ((int)SummaryInformation.InstallerRequirement.Version31).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), patchIdSymbol.SourceLineNumbers);
+            AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.PatchInstallerRequirement, ((int)SummaryInformation.InstallerRequirement.Version31).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture), patchSymbol.SourceLineNumbers);
 
             if (!summaryInfo.ContainsKey(SummaryInformationType.Security))
             {
-                AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.Security, "4", patchIdSymbol.SourceLineNumbers); // Read-only enforced;
+                AddSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationType.Security, "4", patchSymbol.SourceLineNumbers); // Read-only enforced;
             }
 
             // Use authored comments or default to display name.
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
         /// <summary>
         /// Create the #transform for the given main transform.
         /// </summary>
-        private WindowsInstallerData BuildPairedTransform(Dictionary<SummaryInformationType, SummaryInformationSymbol> summaryInfo, Dictionary<string, MsiPatchMetadataSymbol> patchMetadata, WixPatchIdSymbol patchIdSymbol, WindowsInstallerData mainTransform, MediaSymbol mediaSymbol, WixPatchBaselineSymbol baselineSymbol, out string productCode)
+        private WindowsInstallerData BuildPairedTransform(Dictionary<SummaryInformationType, SummaryInformationSymbol> summaryInfo, Dictionary<string, MsiPatchMetadataSymbol> patchMetadata, WixPatchSymbol patchIdSymbol, WindowsInstallerData mainTransform, MediaSymbol mediaSymbol, WixPatchBaselineSymbol baselineSymbol, out string productCode)
         {
             productCode = null;
 
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindDatabaseCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindDatabaseCommand.cs
index fb5d7b83..06b51ba1 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindDatabaseCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindDatabaseCommand.cs
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
             this.CabbingThreadCount = context.CabbingThreadCount;
             this.CabCachePath = context.CabCachePath;
-            this.Codepage = context.Codepage;
             this.DefaultCompressionLevel = context.DefaultCompressionLevel;
             this.DelayedFields = context.DelayedFields;
             this.ExpectedEmbeddedFiles = context.ExpectedEmbeddedFiles;
@@ -47,6 +46,9 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             this.OutputPath = context.OutputPath;
             this.OutputPdbPath = context.PdbPath;
             this.PdbType = context.PdbType;
+            this.ResolvedCodepage = context.ResolvedCodepage;
+            this.ResolvedSummaryInformationCodepage = context.ResolvedSummaryInformationCodepage;
+            this.ResolvedLcid = context.ResolvedLcid;
             this.SuppressLayout = context.SuppressLayout;
 
             this.SubStorages = subStorages;
@@ -67,8 +69,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
         private IPathResolver PathResolver { get; }
 
-        private int Codepage { get; }
-
         private int CabbingThreadCount { get; }
 
         private string CabCachePath { get; }
@@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
         private string OutputPdbPath { get; }
 
+        private int? ResolvedCodepage { get; }
+
+        private int? ResolvedSummaryInformationCodepage { get; }
+
+        private int? ResolvedLcid { get; }
+
         private bool SuppressAddingValidationRows { get; }
 
         private bool SuppressLayout { get; }
@@ -111,21 +117,22 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
         public IBindResult Execute()
         {
-            if (!this.Intermediate.HasLevel(Data.IntermediateLevels.Linked) && !this.Intermediate.HasLevel(Data.IntermediateLevels.Resolved))
+            if (!this.Intermediate.HasLevel(Data.IntermediateLevels.Linked) || !this.Intermediate.HasLevel(Data.IntermediateLevels.Resolved))
             {
                 this.Messaging.Write(ErrorMessages.IntermediatesMustBeResolved(this.Intermediate.Id));
             }
 
             var section = this.Intermediate.Sections.Single();
 
+            var packageSymbol = (section.Type == SectionType.Product) ? this.GetSingleSymbol<WixPackageSymbol>(section) : null;
+            var moduleSymbol = (section.Type == SectionType.Module) ? this.GetSingleSymbol<WixModuleSymbol>(section) : null;
+            var patchSymbol = (section.Type == SectionType.Patch) ? this.GetSingleSymbol<WixPatchSymbol>(section) : null;
+
             var fileTransfers = new List<IFileTransfer>();
             var trackedFiles = new List<ITrackedFile>();
 
             var containsMergeModules = false;
 
-            // If there are any fields to resolve later, create the cache to populate during bind.
-            var variableCache = this.DelayedFields.Any() ? new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) : null;
-
             // Load standard tables, authored custom tables, and extension custom tables.
             TableDefinitionCollection tableDefinitions;
             {
@@ -135,7 +142,21 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                 tableDefinitions = command.TableDefinitions;
             }
 
-            // Process the summary information table before the other tables.
+            // Calculate codepage
+            var codepage = this.CalculateCodepage(packageSymbol, moduleSymbol, patchSymbol);
+
+            // Process properties and create the delayed variable cache if needed.
+            Dictionary<string, string> variableCache = null;
+            string productLanguage = null;
+            {
+                var command = new ProcessPropertiesCommand(section, packageSymbol, this.ResolvedLcid ?? 0, this.DelayedFields.Any(), this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper);
+                command.Execute();
+
+                variableCache = command.DelayedVariablesCache;
+                productLanguage = command.ProductLanguage;
+            }
+
+            // Process the summary information table after properties are processed.
             bool compressed;
             bool longNames;
             int installerVersion;
@@ -144,7 +165,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             {
                 var branding = this.ServiceProvider.GetService<IWixBranding>();
 
-                var command = new BindSummaryInfoCommand(section, this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper, branding);
+                var command = new BindSummaryInfoCommand(section, this.ResolvedSummaryInformationCodepage, productLanguage, this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper, branding);
                 command.Execute();
 
                 compressed = command.Compressed;
@@ -154,49 +175,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                 modularizationSuffix = command.ModularizationSuffix;
             }
 
-            // Add binder variables for all properties.
-            if (SectionType.Product == section.Type || variableCache != null)
-            {
-                foreach (var propertyRow in section.Symbols.OfType<PropertySymbol>())
-                {
-                    // Set the ProductCode if it is to be generated.
-                    if ("ProductCode".Equals(propertyRow.Id.Id, StringComparison.Ordinal) && "*".Equals(propertyRow.Value, StringComparison.Ordinal))
-                    {
-                        propertyRow.Value = this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper.CreateGuid();
-
-#if TODO_PATCHING // Is this still necessary?
-
-                        // Update the target ProductCode in any instance transforms.
-                        foreach (SubStorage subStorage in this.Output.SubStorages)
-                        {
-                            Output subStorageOutput = subStorage.Data;
-                            if (OutputType.Transform != subStorageOutput.Type)
-                            {
-                                continue;
-                            }
-
-                            Table instanceSummaryInformationTable = subStorageOutput.Tables["_SummaryInformation"];
-                            foreach (Row row in instanceSummaryInformationTable.Rows)
-                            {
-                                if ((int)SummaryInformation.Transform.ProductCodes == row.FieldAsInteger(0))
-                                {
-                                    row[1] = row.FieldAsString(1).Replace("*", propertyRow.Value);
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-#endif
-                    }
-
-                    // Add the property name and value to the variableCache.
-                    if (variableCache != null)
-                    {
-                        var key = String.Concat("property.", propertyRow.Id.Id);
-                        variableCache[key] = propertyRow.Value;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
             // Sequence all the actions.
             {
                 var command = new SequenceActionsCommand(this.Messaging, section);
@@ -415,7 +393,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             // Time to create the WindowsInstallerData object. Try to put as much above here as possible, updating the IR is better.
             WindowsInstallerData data;
             {
-                var command = new CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand(this.Messaging, section, tableDefinitions, this.BackendExtensions, this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper);
+                var command = new CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand(this.Messaging, section, tableDefinitions, codepage, this.BackendExtensions, this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper);
                 data = command.Execute();
             }
 
@@ -450,7 +428,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
             if (SectionType.Patch == section.Type && this.DeltaBinaryPatch)
             {
-                var command = new CreateDeltaPatchesCommand(fileFacades, this.IntermediateFolder, section.Symbols.OfType<WixPatchIdSymbol>().FirstOrDefault());
+                var command = new CreateDeltaPatchesCommand(fileFacades, this.IntermediateFolder, section.Symbols.OfType<WixPatchSymbol>().FirstOrDefault());
                 command.Execute();
             }
 
@@ -508,7 +486,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                 var trackMsi = this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper.TrackFile(this.OutputPath, TrackedFileType.Final);
                 trackedFiles.Add(trackMsi);
 
-                var command = new GenerateDatabaseCommand(this.Messaging, this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper, this.FileSystemManager, data, trackMsi.Path, tableDefinitions, this.IntermediateFolder, this.Codepage, keepAddedColumns: false, this.SuppressAddingValidationRows, useSubdirectory: false);
+                var command = new GenerateDatabaseCommand(this.Messaging, this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper, this.FileSystemManager, data, trackMsi.Path, tableDefinitions, this.IntermediateFolder, keepAddedColumns: false, this.SuppressAddingValidationRows, useSubdirectory: false);
                 command.Execute();
 
                 trackedFiles.AddRange(command.GeneratedTemporaryFiles);
@@ -532,7 +510,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             if (this.Messaging.EncounteredError)
             {
                 return null;
-            } 
+            }
 
             // Validate the output if there are CUBe files and we're not explicitly suppressing validation.
             if (this.CubeFiles != null && !this.SuppressValidation)
@@ -575,6 +553,43 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             return result;
         }
 
+        private int CalculateCodepage(WixPackageSymbol packageSymbol, WixModuleSymbol moduleSymbol, WixPatchSymbol patchSymbol)
+        {
+            var codepage = packageSymbol?.Codepage ?? moduleSymbol?.Codepage ?? patchSymbol?.Codepage;
+
+            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(codepage))
+            {
+                codepage = this.ResolvedCodepage?.ToString() ?? "65001";
+
+                if (packageSymbol != null)
+                {
+                    packageSymbol.Codepage = codepage;
+                }
+                else if (moduleSymbol != null)
+                {
+                    moduleSymbol.Codepage = codepage;
+                }
+                else if (patchSymbol != null)
+                {
+                    patchSymbol.Codepage = codepage;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this.WindowsInstallerBackendHelper.GetValidCodePage(codepage);
+        }
+
+        private T GetSingleSymbol<T>(IntermediateSection section) where T : IntermediateSymbol
+        {
+            var symbols = section.Symbols.OfType<T>().ToList();
+
+            if (1 != symbols.Count)
+            {
+                throw new WixException(ErrorMessages.MissingBundleInformation(nameof(T)));
+            }
+
+            return symbols[0];
+        }
+
         private WixOutput CreateWixout(List<ITrackedFile> trackedFiles, Intermediate intermediate, WindowsInstallerData data)
         {
             WixOutput wixout;
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindSummaryInfoCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindSummaryInfoCommand.cs
index babe0c1b..41da2a13 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindSummaryInfoCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindSummaryInfoCommand.cs
@@ -14,15 +14,21 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
     /// </summary>
     internal class BindSummaryInfoCommand
     {
-        public BindSummaryInfoCommand(IntermediateSection section, IBackendHelper backendHelper, IWixBranding branding)
+        public BindSummaryInfoCommand(IntermediateSection section, int? summaryInformationCodepage, string productLanguage, IBackendHelper backendHelper, IWixBranding branding)
         {
             this.Section = section;
+            this.SummaryInformationCodepage = summaryInformationCodepage;
+            this.ProductLanguage = productLanguage;
             this.BackendHelper = backendHelper;
             this.Branding = branding;
         }
 
         private IntermediateSection Section { get; }
 
+        private int? SummaryInformationCodepage { get; }
+
+        private string ProductLanguage { get; }
+
         private IBackendHelper BackendHelper { get; }
 
         private IWixBranding Branding { get; }
@@ -53,6 +59,8 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             this.InstallerVersion = 0;
             this.ModularizationSuffix = null;
 
+            SummaryInformationSymbol summaryInformationCodepageSymbol = null;
+            SummaryInformationSymbol platformAndLanguageSymbol = null;
             var foundCreateDateTime = false;
             var foundLastSaveDataTime = false;
             var foundCreatingApplication = false;
@@ -64,20 +72,11 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                 switch (summaryInformationSymbol.PropertyId)
                 {
                     case SummaryInformationType.Codepage: // PID_CODEPAGE
-                        // make sure the code page is an int and not a web name or null
-                        var codepage = summaryInformationSymbol.Value;
-
-                        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(codepage))
-                        {
-                            codepage = "0";
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            summaryInformationSymbol.Value = this.BackendHelper.GetValidCodePage(codepage, false, false, summaryInformationSymbol.SourceLineNumbers).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
-                        }
+                        summaryInformationCodepageSymbol = summaryInformationSymbol;
                         break;
+
                     case SummaryInformationType.PlatformAndLanguage:
-                        this.Platform = GetPlatformFromSummaryInformation(summaryInformationSymbol.Value);
+                        platformAndLanguageSymbol = summaryInformationSymbol;
                         break;
 
                     case SummaryInformationType.PackageCode: // PID_REVNUMBER
@@ -117,7 +116,31 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                 }
             }
 
-            // set the revision number (package/patch code) if it should be automatically generated
+            // Ensure the codepage is set properly.
+            if (summaryInformationCodepageSymbol == null)
+            {
+                summaryInformationCodepageSymbol = this.Section.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(null)
+                {
+                    PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.Codepage
+                });
+            }
+
+            var codepage = summaryInformationCodepageSymbol.Value;
+
+            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(codepage))
+            {
+                codepage = this.SummaryInformationCodepage?.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) ?? "1252";
+            }
+
+            summaryInformationCodepageSymbol.Value = this.BackendHelper.GetValidCodePage(codepage, onlyAnsi: true).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+
+            // Ensure the language is set properly and figure out what platform we are targeting.
+            if (platformAndLanguageSymbol != null)
+            {
+                this.Platform = EnsureLanguageAndGetPlatformFromSummaryInformation(platformAndLanguageSymbol, this.ProductLanguage);
+            }
+
+            // Set the revision number (package/patch code) if it should be automatically generated.
             if (!foundPackageCode)
             {
                 this.Section.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(null)
@@ -158,11 +181,19 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             }
         }
 
-        private static Platform GetPlatformFromSummaryInformation(string value)
+        private static Platform EnsureLanguageAndGetPlatformFromSummaryInformation(SummaryInformationSymbol symbol, string language)
         {
+            var value = symbol.Value;
             var separatorIndex = value.IndexOf(';');
             var platformValue = separatorIndex > 0 ? value.Substring(0, separatorIndex) : value;
 
+            // If the language was provided and there was language value after the separator
+            // (or the separator was absent) then use the provided language.
+            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(language) && (separatorIndex < 0 || separatorIndex + 1 == value.Length))
+            {
+                symbol.Value = platformValue + ';' + language;
+            }
+
             switch (platformValue)
             {
                 case "x64":
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindTransformCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindTransformCommand.cs
index 3a9bd545..3379ec5d 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindTransformCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/BindTransformCommand.cs
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
         private void GenerateDatabase(WindowsInstallerData output, string outputPath, bool keepAddedColumns)
         {
-            var command = new GenerateDatabaseCommand(this.Messaging, this.BackendHelper, this.FileSystemManager, output, outputPath, this.TableDefinitions, this.IntermediateFolder, codepage: -1, keepAddedColumns, suppressAddingValidationRows: true, useSubdirectory: true);
+            var command = new GenerateDatabaseCommand(this.Messaging, this.BackendHelper, this.FileSystemManager, output, outputPath, this.TableDefinitions, this.IntermediateFolder, keepAddedColumns, suppressAddingValidationRows: true, useSubdirectory: true);
             command.Execute();
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateDeltaPatchesCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateDeltaPatchesCommand.cs
index b587e6d9..47d8399f 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateDeltaPatchesCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateDeltaPatchesCommand.cs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
     /// </summary>
     internal class CreateDeltaPatchesCommand
     {
-        public CreateDeltaPatchesCommand(List<IFileFacade> fileFacades, string intermediateFolder, WixPatchIdSymbol wixPatchId)
+        public CreateDeltaPatchesCommand(List<IFileFacade> fileFacades, string intermediateFolder, WixPatchSymbol wixPatchId)
         {
             this.FileFacades = fileFacades;
             this.IntermediateFolder = intermediateFolder;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
         private IEnumerable<IFileFacade> FileFacades { get; }
 
-        private WixPatchIdSymbol WixPatchId { get; }
+        private WixPatchSymbol WixPatchId { get; }
 
         private string IntermediateFolder { get; }
 
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateIdtFileCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateIdtFileCommand.cs
index f09a2e47..ff03413c 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateIdtFileCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateIdtFileCommand.cs
@@ -36,23 +36,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
         public void Execute()
         {
             // write out the table to an IDT file
-            Encoding encoding;
-
-            // If UTF8 encoding, use the UTF8-specific constructor to avoid writing
-            // the byte order mark at the beginning of the file
-            if (this.Codepage == Encoding.UTF8.CodePage)
-            {
-                encoding = new UTF8Encoding(false, true);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (this.Codepage == 0)
-                {
-                    this.Codepage = Encoding.ASCII.CodePage;
-                }
-
-                encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(this.Codepage, new EncoderExceptionFallback(), new DecoderExceptionFallback());
-            }
+            var encoding = GetCodepageEncoding(this.Codepage);
 
             this.IdtPath = Path.Combine(this.IntermediateFolder, String.Concat(this.Table.Name, ".idt"));
 
@@ -209,6 +193,30 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                        .Replace('\n', '\x19');
         }
 
+        private static Encoding GetCodepageEncoding(int codepage)
+        {
+            Encoding encoding;
+
+            // If UTF8 encoding, use the UTF8-specific constructor to avoid writing
+            // the byte order mark at the beginning of the file
+            if (codepage == Encoding.UTF8.CodePage)
+            {
+                encoding = new UTF8Encoding(false, true);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (codepage == 0)
+                {
+                    codepage = Encoding.ASCII.CodePage;
+                }
+
+                Encoding.RegisterProvider(CodePagesEncodingProvider.Instance);
+
+                encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding(codepage, new EncoderExceptionFallback(), new DecoderExceptionFallback());
+            }
+
+            return encoding;
+        }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the type of the column in IDT format.
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand.cs
index bc95fd4c..1bd00900 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand.cs
@@ -18,11 +18,12 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
     internal class CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand
     {
-        public CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand(IMessaging messaging, IntermediateSection section, TableDefinitionCollection tableDefinitions, IEnumerable<IWindowsInstallerBackendBinderExtension> backendExtensions, IWindowsInstallerBackendHelper backendHelper)
+        public CreateWindowsInstallerDataFromIRCommand(IMessaging messaging, IntermediateSection section, TableDefinitionCollection tableDefinitions, int codepage, IEnumerable<IWindowsInstallerBackendBinderExtension> backendExtensions, IWindowsInstallerBackendHelper backendHelper)
         {
             this.Messaging = messaging;
             this.Section = section;
             this.TableDefinitions = tableDefinitions;
+            this.Codepage = codepage;
             this.BackendExtensions = backendExtensions;
             this.BackendHelper = backendHelper;
             this.GeneratedShortNames = new Dictionary<string, List<FileSymbol>>();
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
 
         private TableDefinitionCollection TableDefinitions { get; }
 
+        private int Codepage { get; }
+
         private IntermediateSection Section { get; }
 
         private Dictionary<string, List<FileSymbol>> GeneratedShortNames { get; }
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
         {
             this.Data = new WindowsInstallerData(this.Section.Symbols.First().SourceLineNumbers)
             {
-                Codepage = this.Section.Codepage,
+                Codepage = this.Codepage,
                 Type = SectionTypeToOutputType(this.Section.Type)
             };
 
@@ -219,6 +222,10 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                         this.AddWixEnsureTableSymbol((WixEnsureTableSymbol)symbol);
                         break;
 
+                    case SymbolDefinitionType.WixPackage:
+                        this.AddWixPackageSymbol((WixPackageSymbol)symbol);
+                        break;
+
                     // Symbols used internally and are not added to the output.
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixBuildInfo:
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixBindUpdatedFiles:
@@ -237,7 +244,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixOrdering:
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixPatchBaseline:
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixPatchFamilyGroup:
-                    case SymbolDefinitionType.WixPatchId:
+                    case SymbolDefinitionType.WixPatch:
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixPatchRef:
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixPatchTarget:
                     case SymbolDefinitionType.WixProperty:
@@ -1214,6 +1221,25 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             this.Data.EnsureTable(tableDefinition);
         }
 
+        private void AddWixPackageSymbol(WixPackageSymbol symbol)
+        {
+            // TODO: Remove the following from the compiler and do it here instead.
+            //this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "Manufacturer"), manufacturer, false, false, false, true);
+            //this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductCode"), productCode, false, false, false, true);
+            //this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductLanguage"), productLanguage, false, false, false, true);
+            //this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductName"), this.activeName, false, false, false, true);
+            //this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductVersion"), version, false, false, false, true);
+            //if (null != upgradeCode)
+            //{
+            //    this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "UpgradeCode"), upgradeCode, false, false, false, true);
+            //}
+
+            //if (isPerMachine)
+            //{
+            //    this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ALLUSERS"), "1", false, false, false, false);
+            //}
+        }
+
         private bool AddSymbolFromExtension(IntermediateSymbol symbol)
         {
             foreach (var extension in this.BackendExtensions)
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateDatabaseCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateDatabaseCommand.cs
index f125f497..b8cca752 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateDatabaseCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateDatabaseCommand.cs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
     {
         private const string IdtsSubFolder = "_idts";
 
-        public GenerateDatabaseCommand(IMessaging messaging, IBackendHelper backendHelper, FileSystemManager fileSystemManager, WindowsInstallerData data, string outputPath, TableDefinitionCollection tableDefinitions, string intermediateFolder, int codepage, bool keepAddedColumns, bool suppressAddingValidationRows, bool useSubdirectory)
+        public GenerateDatabaseCommand(IMessaging messaging, IBackendHelper backendHelper, FileSystemManager fileSystemManager, WindowsInstallerData data, string outputPath, TableDefinitionCollection tableDefinitions, string intermediateFolder, bool keepAddedColumns, bool suppressAddingValidationRows, bool useSubdirectory)
         {
             this.Messaging = messaging;
             this.BackendHelper = backendHelper;
@@ -27,14 +27,11 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
             this.OutputPath = outputPath;
             this.TableDefinitions = tableDefinitions;
             this.IntermediateFolder = intermediateFolder;
-            this.Codepage = codepage;
             this.KeepAddedColumns = keepAddedColumns;
             this.SuppressAddingValidationRows = suppressAddingValidationRows;
             this.UseSubDirectory = useSubdirectory;
         }
 
-        private int Codepage { get; }
-
         private IBackendHelper BackendHelper { get; }
 
         private FileSystemManager FileSystemManager { get; }
@@ -88,12 +85,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
                 type |= OpenDatabase.OpenPatchFile;
             }
 
-            // Localize the codepage if a value was specified directly.
-            if (-1 != this.Codepage)
-            {
-                this.Data.Codepage = this.Codepage;
-            }
-
             try
             {
                 Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(this.OutputPath));
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateTransformCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateTransformCommand.cs
index ef141795..faa03762 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateTransformCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/GenerateTransformCommand.cs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller
     using WixToolset.Data;
     using WixToolset.Data.Symbols;
     using WixToolset.Data.WindowsInstaller;
-    using WixToolset.Data.WindowsInstaller.Rows;
     using WixToolset.Extensibility.Services;
 
     /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/ProcessPropertiesCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/ProcessPropertiesCommand.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..217609be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Bind/ProcessPropertiesCommand.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and contributors. All rights reserved. Licensed under the Microsoft Reciprocal License. See LICENSE.TXT file in the project root for full license information.
+
+namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Bind
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.Linq;
+    using WixToolset.Data;
+    using WixToolset.Data.Symbols;
+    using WixToolset.Extensibility.Services;
+
+    internal class ProcessPropertiesCommand
+    {
+        public ProcessPropertiesCommand(IntermediateSection section, WixPackageSymbol packageSymbol, int fallbackLcid, bool populateDelayedVariables, IBackendHelper backendHelper)
+        {
+            this.Section = section;
+            this.PackageSymbol = packageSymbol;
+            this.FallbackLcid = fallbackLcid;
+            this.PopulateDelayedVariables = populateDelayedVariables;
+            this.BackendHelper = backendHelper;
+        }
+
+        private IntermediateSection Section { get; }
+
+        private WixPackageSymbol PackageSymbol { get; }
+
+        private int FallbackLcid { get; }
+
+        private bool PopulateDelayedVariables { get; }
+
+        private IBackendHelper BackendHelper { get; }
+
+        public Dictionary<string, string> DelayedVariablesCache { get; private set; }
+
+        public string ProductLanguage { get; private set; }
+
+        public void Execute()
+        {
+            PropertySymbol languageSymbol = null;
+            var variableCache = this.PopulateDelayedVariables ? new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase) : null;
+
+            if (SectionType.Product == this.Section.Type || variableCache != null)
+            {
+                foreach (var propertySymbol in this.Section.Symbols.OfType<PropertySymbol>())
+                {
+                    // Set the ProductCode if it is to be generated.
+                    if ("ProductCode" == propertySymbol.Id.Id && "*".Equals(propertySymbol.Value, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+                    {
+                        propertySymbol.Value = this.BackendHelper.CreateGuid();
+
+#if TODO_PATCHING // Is this still necessary?
+                        // Update the target ProductCode in any instance transforms.
+                        foreach (SubStorage subStorage in this.Output.SubStorages)
+                        {
+                            Output subStorageOutput = subStorage.Data;
+                            if (OutputType.Transform != subStorageOutput.Type)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            Table instanceSummaryInformationTable = subStorageOutput.Tables["_SummaryInformation"];
+                            foreach (Row row in instanceSummaryInformationTable.Rows)
+                            {
+                                if ((int)SummaryInformation.Transform.ProductCodes == row.FieldAsInteger(0))
+                                {
+                                    row[1] = row.FieldAsString(1).Replace("*", propertyRow.Value);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+#endif
+                    }
+                    else if ("ProductLanguage" == propertySymbol.Id.Id)
+                    {
+                        languageSymbol = propertySymbol;
+                    }
+
+                    // Add the property name and value to the variableCache.
+                    if (variableCache != null)
+                    {
+                        variableCache[$"property.{propertySymbol.Id.Id}"] = propertySymbol.Value;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (this.Section.Type == SectionType.Product && String.IsNullOrEmpty(languageSymbol?.Value))
+                {
+                    if (languageSymbol == null)
+                    {
+                        languageSymbol = this.Section.AddSymbol(new PropertySymbol(this.PackageSymbol.SourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Section, "ProductLanguage")));
+                    }
+
+                    this.PackageSymbol.Language = this.FallbackLcid.ToString();
+                    languageSymbol.Value = this.FallbackLcid.ToString();
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.DelayedVariablesCache = variableCache;
+            this.ProductLanguage = languageSymbol?.Value;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Unbind/UnbindTranformCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Unbind/UnbindTranformCommand.cs
index 9f649435..f40aed4e 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Unbind/UnbindTranformCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/Unbind/UnbindTranformCommand.cs
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.Unbind
 
         private void GenerateDatabase(WindowsInstallerData output, string databaseFile)
         {
-            var command = new GenerateDatabaseCommand(this.Messaging, null, null, output, databaseFile, this.TableDefinitions, this.IntermediateFolder, codepage: -1, keepAddedColumns: true, suppressAddingValidationRows: true, useSubdirectory: false);
+            var command = new GenerateDatabaseCommand(this.Messaging, null, null, output, databaseFile, this.TableDefinitions, this.IntermediateFolder, keepAddedColumns: true, suppressAddingValidationRows: true, useSubdirectory: false);
             command.Execute();
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.csproj b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.csproj
index 56262373..b08f337f 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.csproj
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller/WixToolset.Core.WindowsInstaller.csproj
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="System.Reflection.Metadata" Version="1.6.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="System.Text.Encoding.CodePages" Version="4.6.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/BindContext.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/BindContext.cs
index 6b0a09a2..09454824 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/BindContext.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/BindContext.cs
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
         public string CabCachePath { get; set; }
 
-        public int Codepage { get; set; }
-
         public CompressionLevel? DefaultCompressionLevel { get; set; }
 
         public IEnumerable<IDelayedField> DelayedFields { get; set; }
@@ -50,6 +48,12 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
         public string PdbPath { get; set; }
 
+        public int? ResolvedCodepage { get; set; }
+
+        public int? ResolvedSummaryInformationCodepage { get; set; }
+
+        public int? ResolvedLcid { get; set; }
+
         public IEnumerable<string> SuppressIces { get; set; }
 
         public bool SuppressValidation { get; set; }
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/CommandLine/BuildCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/CommandLine/BuildCommand.cs
index 9efef830..59aa2f1f 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/CommandLine/BuildCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/CommandLine/BuildCommand.cs
@@ -338,7 +338,9 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.CommandLine
                     var context = this.ServiceProvider.GetService<IBindContext>();
                     //context.CabbingThreadCount = this.CabbingThreadCount;
                     context.CabCachePath = cabCachePath;
-                    context.Codepage = resolveResult.Codepage;
+                    context.ResolvedCodepage = resolveResult.Codepage;
+                    context.ResolvedSummaryInformationCodepage = resolveResult.SummaryInformationCodepage;
+                    context.ResolvedLcid = resolveResult.PackageLcid;
                     context.DefaultCompressionLevel = this.DefaultCompressionLevel;
                     context.DelayedFields = resolveResult.DelayedFields;
                     context.ExpectedEmbeddedFiles = resolveResult.ExpectedEmbeddedFiles;
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler.cs
index c2783481..926a46c5 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler.cs
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 {
                     var id = String.Concat(this.Core.ActiveSection.Id, ".", propertyId.Id);
 
-                    section = this.Core.CreateSection(id, SectionType.Fragment, this.Core.ActiveSection.Codepage, this.Context.CompilationId);
+                    section = this.Core.CreateSection(id, SectionType.Fragment, this.Context.CompilationId);
 
                     // Reference the property in the active section.
                     this.Core.CreateSimpleReference(sourceLineNumbers, SymbolDefinitions.Property, propertyId.Id);
@@ -6159,7 +6159,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
             // NOTE: Id is not required for Fragments, this is a departure from the normal run of the mill processing.
 
-            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(id?.Id, SectionType.Fragment, 0, this.Context.CompilationId);
+            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(id?.Id, SectionType.Fragment, this.Context.CompilationId);
 
             var featureDisplay = 0;
             foreach (var child in node.Elements())
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/CompilerCore.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/CompilerCore.cs
index 0bc63d79..df532d74 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/CompilerCore.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/CompilerCore.cs
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
             Debug.Assert(minimum > CompilerConstants.IntegerNotSet && minimum > CompilerConstants.IllegalInteger, "The legal values for this attribute collide with at least one sentinel used during parsing.");
 
-            string value = this.GetAttributeValue(sourceLineNumbers, attribute);
+            var value = this.GetAttributeValue(sourceLineNumbers, attribute);
 
             if (0 < value.Length)
             {
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 {
                     try
                     {
-                        int integer = Convert.ToInt32(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat);
+                        var integer = Convert.ToInt32(value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.NumberFormat);
 
                         if (CompilerConstants.IntegerNotSet == integer || CompilerConstants.IllegalInteger == integer)
                         {
@@ -1036,12 +1036,11 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="id">Unique identifier for the section.</param>
         /// <param name="type">Type of section to create.</param>
-        /// <param name="codepage">Codepage for the resulting database for this ection.</param>
-        /// <param name="compilationId"></param>
+        /// <param name="compilationId">Unique identifier for the compilation.</param>
         /// <returns>New section.</returns>
-        internal IntermediateSection CreateActiveSection(string id, SectionType type, int codepage, string compilationId)
+        internal IntermediateSection CreateActiveSection(string id, SectionType type, string compilationId)
         {
-            this.ActiveSection = this.CreateSection(id, type, codepage, compilationId);
+            this.ActiveSection = this.CreateSection(id, type, compilationId);
 
             this.activeSectionCachedInlinedDirectoryIds = new Dictionary<string, string>();
             this.activeSectionSimpleReferences = new HashSet<string>();
@@ -1054,12 +1053,11 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="id">Unique identifier for the section.</param>
         /// <param name="type">Type of section to create.</param>
-        /// <param name="codepage">Codepage for the resulting database for this ection.</param>
-        /// <param name="compilationId"></param>
+        /// <param name="compilationId">Unique identifier for the compilation.</param>
         /// <returns>New section.</returns>
-        internal IntermediateSection CreateSection(string id, SectionType type, int codepage, string compilationId)
+        internal IntermediateSection CreateSection(string id, SectionType type, string compilationId)
         {
-            var section = new IntermediateSection(id, type, codepage, compilationId);
+            var section = new IntermediateSection(id, type, compilationId);
 
             this.intermediate.Sections.Add(section);
 
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Bundle.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Bundle.cs
index 7e07532e..779ad376 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Bundle.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Bundle.cs
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             }
 
             this.activeName = String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) ? Common.GenerateGuid() : name;
-            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.Bundle, 0, this.Context.CompilationId);
+            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.Bundle, this.Context.CompilationId);
 
             // Now that the active section is initialized, process only extension attributes and the special ProviderKey attribute.
             foreach (var attrib in node.Attributes())
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Module.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Module.cs
index 597bc25c..59fe9164 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Module.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Module.cs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             try
             {
                 this.compilingModule = true; // notice that we are actually building a Merge Module here
-                this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.Module, codepage, this.Context.CompilationId);
+                this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.Module, this.Context.CompilationId);
 
                 foreach (var child in node.Elements())
                 {
@@ -232,15 +232,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
                 if (!this.Core.EncounteredError)
                 {
-                    if (!setCodepage)
-                    {
-                        this.Core.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
-                        {
-                            PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.Codepage,
-                            Value = "1252"
-                        });
-                    }
-
                     if (!setPackageName)
                     {
                         this.Core.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
@@ -259,21 +250,20 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                         });
                     }
 
-                    var symbol = this.Core.AddSymbol(new ModuleSignatureSymbol(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, this.activeName, this.activeLanguage))
+                    var symbol = this.Core.AddSymbol(new WixModuleSymbol(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, this.activeName, this.activeLanguage))
                     {
-                        ModuleID = this.activeName,
+                        ModuleId = this.activeName,
+                        Language = this.activeLanguage,
                         Version = version
                     });
 
-                    symbol.Set((int)ModuleSignatureSymbolFields.Language, this.activeLanguage);
-
                     this.Core.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
                     {
                         PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.PackageCode,
                         Value = moduleId
                     });
 
-                    this.ValidateAndAddCommonSummaryInformationSymbols(sourceLineNumbers, msiVersion, platform);
+                    this.ValidateAndAddCommonSummaryInformationSymbols(sourceLineNumbers, msiVersion, platform, this.activeLanguage);
                 }
             }
             finally
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Package.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Package.cs
index fed08001..afe02f08 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Package.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Package.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
     using System;
     using System.Collections;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
-    using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
     using System.Globalization;
     using System.IO;
     using System.Xml.Linq;
@@ -28,10 +27,10 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             var sourceLineNumbers = Preprocessor.GetSourceLineNumbers(node);
             var compressed = YesNoDefaultType.Default;
             var sourceBits = 0;
-            var codepage = 65001;
+            string codepage = null;
             var productCode = "*";
+            string productLanguage = null;
             var isPerMachine = true;
-            string installScope = null;
             string upgradeCode = null;
             string manufacturer = null;
             string version = null;
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                     switch (attrib.Name.LocalName)
                     {
                     case "Codepage":
-                        codepage = this.Core.GetAttributeCodePageValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
+                        codepage = this.Core.GetAttributeLocalizableCodePageValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
                         break;
                     case "Compressed":
                         compressed = this.Core.GetAttributeYesNoDefaultValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                         msiVersion = this.Core.GetAttributeIntegerValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib, 0, Int32.MaxValue);
                         break;
                     case "Language":
-                        this.activeLanguage = this.Core.GetAttributeLocalizableIntegerValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib, 0, Int16.MaxValue);
+                        productLanguage = this.Core.GetAttributeLocalizableIntegerValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib, 0, Int16.MaxValue);
                         break;
                     case "Manufacturer":
                         manufacturer = this.Core.GetAttributeValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib, EmptyRule.MustHaveNonWhitespaceCharacters);
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                         productCode = this.Core.GetAttributeGuidValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib, true);
                         break;
                     case "Scope":
-                        installScope = this.Core.GetAttributeValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
+                        var installScope = this.Core.GetAttributeValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
                         switch (installScope)
                         {
                             case "perMachine":
@@ -129,11 +128,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 this.Core.Write(ErrorMessages.ExpectedAttribute(sourceLineNumbers, node.Name.LocalName, "Id"));
             }
 
-            if (null == this.activeLanguage)
-            {
-                this.Core.Write(ErrorMessages.ExpectedAttribute(sourceLineNumbers, node.Name.LocalName, "Language"));
-            }
-
             if (null == manufacturer)
             {
                 this.Core.Write(ErrorMessages.ExpectedAttribute(sourceLineNumbers, node.Name.LocalName, "Manufacturer"));
@@ -171,11 +165,11 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             try
             {
                 this.compilingProduct = true;
-                this.Core.CreateActiveSection(productCode, SectionType.Product, codepage, this.Context.CompilationId);
+                this.Core.CreateActiveSection(productCode, SectionType.Product, this.Context.CompilationId);
 
                 this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "Manufacturer"), manufacturer, false, false, false, true);
                 this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductCode"), productCode, false, false, false, true);
-                this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductLanguage"), this.activeLanguage, false, false, false, true);
+                this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductLanguage"), productLanguage, false, false, false, true);
                 this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductName"), this.activeName, false, false, false, true);
                 this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ProductVersion"), version, false, false, false, true);
                 if (null != upgradeCode)
@@ -188,7 +182,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                     this.AddProperty(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, "ALLUSERS"), "1", false, false, false, false);
                 }
 
-                this.ValidateAndAddCommonSummaryInformationSymbols(sourceLineNumbers, msiVersion, platform);
+                this.ValidateAndAddCommonSummaryInformationSymbols(sourceLineNumbers, msiVersion, platform, productLanguage);
 
                 this.Core.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
                 {
@@ -198,7 +192,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
                 var contextValues = new Dictionary<string, string>
                 {
-                    ["ProductLanguage"] = this.activeLanguage,
+                    ["ProductLanguage"] = productLanguage,
                     ["ProductVersion"] = version,
                     ["UpgradeCode"] = upgradeCode
                 };
@@ -360,14 +354,17 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
                 if (!this.Core.EncounteredError)
                 {
-                    if (!isCodepageSet)
+                    this.Core.AddSymbol(new WixPackageSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
                     {
-                        this.Core.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
-                        {
-                            PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.Codepage,
-                            Value = "1252"
-                        });
-                    }
+                        PackageId = productCode,
+                        UpgradeCode = upgradeCode,
+                        Name = this.activeName,
+                        Language = productLanguage,
+                        Version = version,
+                        Manufacturer = manufacturer,
+                        Attributes = isPerMachine ? WixPackageAttributes.PerMachine : WixPackageAttributes.None,
+                        Codepage = codepage,
+                    });
 
                     if (!isPackageNameSet)
                     {
@@ -435,7 +432,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             }
         }
 
-        private void ValidateAndAddCommonSummaryInformationSymbols(SourceLineNumber sourceLineNumbers, int msiVersion, string platform)
+        private void ValidateAndAddCommonSummaryInformationSymbols(SourceLineNumber sourceLineNumbers, int msiVersion, string platform, string language)
         {
             if (String.Equals(platform, "X64", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && 200 > msiVersion)
             {
@@ -464,7 +461,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             this.Core.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
             {
                 PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.PlatformAndLanguage,
-                Value = String.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0};{1}", platform, this.activeLanguage)
+                Value = $"{platform};{language}"
             });
 
             this.Core.AddSymbol(new SummaryInformationSymbol(sourceLineNumbers)
@@ -478,7 +475,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 PropertyId = SummaryInformationType.Security,
                 Value = "2"
             });
-
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Patch.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Patch.cs
index a2cadd67..c9cae183 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Patch.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_Patch.cs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
         {
             var sourceLineNumbers = Preprocessor.GetSourceLineNumbers(node);
             string patchId = null;
-            var codepage = 0;
+            string codepage = null;
             ////bool versionMismatches = false;
             ////bool productMismatches = false;
             var allowRemoval = false;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                         patchId = this.Core.GetAttributeGuidValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib, true);
                         break;
                     case "Codepage":
-                        codepage = this.Core.GetAttributeCodePageValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
+                        codepage = this.Core.GetAttributeLocalizableCodePageValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
                         break;
                     case "AllowMajorVersionMismatches":
                         ////versionMismatches = (YesNoType.Yes == this.core.GetAttributeYesNoValue(sourceLineNumbers, attrib));
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 this.Core.Write(ErrorMessages.ExpectedAttribute(sourceLineNumbers, node.Name.LocalName, "Manufacturer"));
             }
 
-            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.Patch, codepage, this.Context.CompilationId);
+            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.Patch, this.Context.CompilationId);
 
             foreach (var child in node.Elements())
             {
@@ -197,8 +197,9 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
             if (!this.Core.EncounteredError)
             {
-                this.Core.AddSymbol(new WixPatchIdSymbol(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, patchId))
+                this.Core.AddSymbol(new WixPatchSymbol(sourceLineNumbers, new Identifier(AccessModifier.Global, patchId))
                 {
+                    Codepage = codepage,
                     ClientPatchId = clientPatchId,
                     OptimizePatchSizeForLargeFiles = optimizePatchSizeForLargeFiles,
                     ApiPatchingSymbolFlags = apiPatchingSymbolFlags,
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_PatchCreation.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_PatchCreation.cs
index 7675a5c0..81ae4121 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_PatchCreation.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Compiler_PatchCreation.cs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 this.Core.Write(ErrorMessages.ExpectedAttribute(sourceLineNumbers, node.Name.LocalName, "Id"));
             }
 
-            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.PatchCreation, codepage, this.Context.CompilationId);
+            this.Core.CreateActiveSection(this.activeName, SectionType.PatchCreation, this.Context.CompilationId);
 
             foreach (var child in node.Elements())
             {
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/IResolver.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/IResolver.cs
index 3004ad2c..db25edbe 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/IResolver.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/IResolver.cs
@@ -4,9 +4,16 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 {
     using WixToolset.Extensibility.Data;
 
-#pragma warning disable 1591 // TODO: add documentation
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Resolves localization and bind variables.
+    /// </summary>
     public interface IResolver
     {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Resolve localization and bind variables.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">Resolve context.</param>
+        /// <returns>Resolve result.</returns>
         IResolveResult Resolve(IResolveContext context);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Link/CollateLocalizationsCommand.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Link/CollateLocalizationsCommand.cs
index ffa66210..d5c69838 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Link/CollateLocalizationsCommand.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Link/CollateLocalizationsCommand.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and contributors. All rights reserved. Licensed under the Microsoft Reciprocal License. See LICENSE.TXT file in the project root for full license information.
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and contributors. All rights reserved. Licensed under the Microsoft Reciprocal License. See LICENSE.TXT file in the project root for full license information.
 
 namespace WixToolset.Core.Link
 {
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core.Link
                 }
             }
 
-            return new Localization(existingLocalization.Codepage, existingLocalization.Culture, variables, controls);
+            return new Localization(existingLocalization.Codepage ?? localization.Codepage, existingLocalization.SummaryInformationCodepage ?? localization.SummaryInformationCodepage, existingLocalization.Culture, variables, controls);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Linker.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Linker.cs
index 320f7d1f..2c8508a8 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Linker.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Linker.cs
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
                 // Create a new section to hold the linked content. Start with the entry section's
                 // metadata.
-                var resolvedSection = new IntermediateSection(find.EntrySection.Id, find.EntrySection.Type, find.EntrySection.Codepage);
+                var resolvedSection = new IntermediateSection(find.EntrySection.Id, find.EntrySection.Type);
 
                 var sectionCount = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/LocalizationParser.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/LocalizationParser.cs
index dd5144ca..d6113fc6 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/LocalizationParser.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/LocalizationParser.cs
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
         private static Localization ParseWixLocalizationElement(IMessaging messaging, XElement node)
         {
             var sourceLineNumbers = SourceLineNumber.CreateFromXObject(node);
-            var codepage = -1;
+            int? codepage = null;
+            int? summaryInformationCodepage = null;
             string culture = null;
 
             foreach (var attrib in node.Attributes())
@@ -98,6 +99,9 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                         case "Codepage":
                             codepage = Common.GetValidCodePage(attrib.Value, true, false, sourceLineNumbers);
                             break;
+                        case "SummaryInformationCodepage":
+                            summaryInformationCodepage = Common.GetValidCodePage(attrib.Value, true, false, sourceLineNumbers);
+                            break;
                         case "Culture":
                             culture = attrib.Value;
                             break;
@@ -143,7 +147,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 }
             }
 
-            return messaging.EncounteredError ? null : new Localization(codepage, culture, variables, localizedControls);
+            return messaging.EncounteredError ? null : new Localization(codepage, summaryInformationCodepage, culture, variables, localizedControls);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -254,24 +258,12 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                             break;
                         case "RightToLeft":
                             rightToLeft = YesNoType.Yes == Common.GetAttributeYesNoValue(messaging, sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
-                            //if (YesNoType.Yes == Common.GetAttributeYesNoValue(messaging, sourceLineNumbers, attrib))
-                            //{
-                            //    attribs |= MsiInterop.MsidbControlAttributesRTLRO;
-                            //}
                             break;
                         case "RightAligned":
                             rightAligned = YesNoType.Yes == Common.GetAttributeYesNoValue(messaging, sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
-                            //if (YesNoType.Yes == Common.GetAttributeYesNoValue(messaging, sourceLineNumbers, attrib))
-                            //{
-                            //    attribs |= MsiInterop.MsidbControlAttributesRightAligned;
-                            //}
                             break;
                         case "LeftScroll":
                             leftScroll = YesNoType.Yes == Common.GetAttributeYesNoValue(messaging, sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
-                            //if (YesNoType.Yes == Common.GetAttributeYesNoValue(messaging, sourceLineNumbers, attrib))
-                            //{
-                            //    attribs |= MsiInterop.MsidbControlAttributesLeftScroll;
-                            //}
                             break;
                         default:
                             Common.UnexpectedAttribute(messaging, sourceLineNumbers, attrib);
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/ResolveResult.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/ResolveResult.cs
index 6b6bc7c4..38b432b0 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/ResolveResult.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/ResolveResult.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
     internal class ResolveResult : IResolveResult
     {
-        public int Codepage { get; set; }
+        public int? Codepage { get; set; }
+
+        public int? SummaryInformationCodepage { get; set; }
+
+        public int? PackageLcid { get; set; }
 
         public IEnumerable<IDelayedField> DelayedFields { get; set; }
 
diff --git a/src/WixToolset.Core/Resolver.cs b/src/WixToolset.Core/Resolver.cs
index 92c2a9c9..f4cb2fd6 100644
--- a/src/WixToolset.Core/Resolver.cs
+++ b/src/WixToolset.Core/Resolver.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 {
     using System;
     using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.Globalization;
     using System.Linq;
     using WixToolset.Core.Bind;
     using WixToolset.Data;
@@ -22,26 +23,12 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             this.ServiceProvider = serviceProvider;
 
             this.Messaging = serviceProvider.GetService<IMessaging>();
-
-            this.VariableResolver = serviceProvider.GetService<IVariableResolver>();
         }
 
         private IServiceProvider ServiceProvider { get; }
 
         private IMessaging Messaging { get; }
 
-        private IVariableResolver VariableResolver { get; set; }
-
-        public IEnumerable<IBindPath> BindPaths { get; set; }
-
-        public string IntermediateFolder { get; set; }
-
-        public Intermediate IntermediateRepresentation { get; set; }
-
-        public IEnumerable<Localization> Localizations { get; set; }
-
-        public IEnumerable<string> FilterCultures { get; set; }
-
         public IResolveResult Resolve(IResolveContext context)
         {
             foreach (var extension in context.Extensions)
@@ -52,11 +39,26 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             ResolveResult resolveResult = null;
             try
             {
-                var codepage = this.PopulateVariableResolver(context);
+                var filteredLocalizations = FilterLocalizations(context);
+
+                var variableResolver = this.CreateVariableResolver(context, filteredLocalizations);
+
+                this.LocalizeUI(variableResolver, context.IntermediateRepresentation);
+
+                resolveResult = this.DoResolve(context, variableResolver);
+
+                var primaryLocalization = filteredLocalizations.FirstOrDefault();
+
+                if (primaryLocalization != null)
+                {
+                    this.TryGetCultureInfo(primaryLocalization.Culture, out var cultureInfo);
 
-                this.LocalizeUI(context);
+                    resolveResult.Codepage = primaryLocalization.Codepage ?? cultureInfo?.TextInfo.ANSICodePage;
 
-                resolveResult = this.DoResolve(context, codepage);
+                    resolveResult.SummaryInformationCodepage = primaryLocalization.SummaryInformationCodepage ?? primaryLocalization.Codepage ?? cultureInfo?.TextInfo.ANSICodePage;
+
+                    resolveResult.PackageLcid = cultureInfo?.LCID;
+                }
             }
             finally
             {
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             return resolveResult;
         }
 
-        private ResolveResult DoResolve(IResolveContext context, int? codepage)
+        private ResolveResult DoResolve(IResolveContext context, IVariableResolver variableResolver)
         {
             var buildingPatch = context.IntermediateRepresentation.Sections.Any(s => s.Type == SectionType.Patch);
 
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
                 var command = new ResolveFieldsCommand();
                 command.Messaging = this.Messaging;
                 command.BuildingPatch = buildingPatch;
-                command.VariableResolver = this.VariableResolver;
+                command.VariableResolver = variableResolver;
                 command.BindPaths = context.BindPaths;
                 command.Extensions = context.Extensions;
                 command.FilesWithEmbeddedFiles = filesWithEmbeddedFiles;
@@ -118,7 +120,6 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
             return new ResolveResult
             {
-                Codepage = codepage.HasValue ? codepage.Value : -1,
                 ExpectedEmbeddedFiles = expectedEmbeddedFiles,
                 DelayedFields = delayedFields,
                 IntermediateRepresentation = context.IntermediateRepresentation
@@ -128,13 +129,13 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
         /// <summary>
         /// Localize dialogs and controls.
         /// </summary>
-        private void LocalizeUI(IResolveContext context)
+        private void LocalizeUI(IVariableResolver variableResolver, Intermediate intermediate)
         {
-            foreach (var section in context.IntermediateRepresentation.Sections)
+            foreach (var section in intermediate.Sections)
             {
                 foreach (var symbol in section.Symbols.OfType<DialogSymbol>())
                 {
-                    if (this.VariableResolver.TryGetLocalizedControl(symbol.Id.Id, null, out var localizedControl))
+                    if (variableResolver.TryGetLocalizedControl(symbol.Id.Id, null, out var localizedControl))
                     {
                         if (CompilerConstants.IntegerNotSet != localizedControl.X)
                         {
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
 
                 foreach (var symbol in section.Symbols.OfType<ControlSymbol>())
                 {
-                    if (this.VariableResolver.TryGetLocalizedControl(symbol.DialogRef, symbol.Control, out var localizedControl))
+                    if (variableResolver.TryGetLocalizedControl(symbol.DialogRef, symbol.Control, out var localizedControl))
                     {
                         if (CompilerConstants.IntegerNotSet != localizedControl.X)
                         {
@@ -204,24 +205,42 @@ namespace WixToolset.Core
             }
         }
 
-        private int? PopulateVariableResolver(IResolveContext context)
+        private IVariableResolver CreateVariableResolver(IResolveContext context, IEnumerable<Localization> filteredLocalizations)
         {
-            var localizations = FilterLocalizations(context);
-            var codepage = localizations.FirstOrDefault()?.Codepage;
+            var variableResolver = this.ServiceProvider.GetService<IVariableResolver>();
 
-            foreach (var localization in localizations)
+            foreach (var localization in filteredLocalizations)
             {
-                this.VariableResolver.AddLocalization(localization);
+                variableResolver.AddLocalization(localization);
             }
 
             // Gather all the wix variables.
             var wixVariableSymbols = context.IntermediateRepresentation.Sections.SelectMany(s => s.Symbols).OfType<WixVariableSymbol>();
             foreach (var symbol in wixVariableSymbols)
             {
-                this.VariableResolver.AddVariable(symbol.SourceLineNumbers, symbol.Id.Id, symbol.Value, symbol.Overridable);
+                variableResolver.AddVariable(symbol.SourceLineNumbers, symbol.Id.Id, symbol.Value, symbol.Overridable);
+            }
+
+            return variableResolver;
+        }
+
+        private bool TryGetCultureInfo(string culture, out CultureInfo cultureInfo)
+        {
+            cultureInfo = null;
+
+            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(culture))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    cultureInfo = new CultureInfo(culture, useUserOverride: false);
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    this.Messaging.Write("");
+                }
             }
 
-            return codepage;
+            return cultureInfo != null;
         }
 
         private static IEnumerable<Localization> FilterLocalizations(IResolveContext context)
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/LanguageFixture.cs b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/LanguageFixture.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..319b0788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/LanguageFixture.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and contributors. All rights reserved. Licensed under the Microsoft Reciprocal License. See LICENSE.TXT file in the project root for full license information.
+
+namespace WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration
+{
+    using System.IO;
+    using System.Linq;
+    using WixBuildTools.TestSupport;
+    using WixToolset.Core.TestPackage;
+    using WixToolset.Data;
+    using WixToolset.Data.Symbols;
+    using Xunit;
+
+    public class LanguageFixture
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void CanBuildWithDefaultProductLanguage()
+        {
+            var folder = TestData.Get(@"TestData", "Language");
+
+            using (var fs = new DisposableFileSystem())
+            {
+                var baseFolder = fs.GetFolder();
+
+                var result = WixRunner.Execute(new[]
+                {
+                    "build",
+                    Path.Combine(folder, "Package.wxs"),
+                    "-loc", Path.Combine(folder, "Package.wxl"),
+                    "-bindpath", Path.Combine(folder, "data"),
+                    "-intermediateFolder", Path.Combine(baseFolder, "obj"),
+                    "-o", Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.msi")
+                });
+
+                result.AssertSuccess();
+
+                var intermediate = Intermediate.Load(Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.wixpdb"));
+                var section = intermediate.Sections.Single();
+
+                var propertySymbol = section.Symbols.OfType<PropertySymbol>().Single(p => p.Id.Id == "ProductLanguage");
+                Assert.Equal("0", propertySymbol.Value);
+
+                var summaryPlatform = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.PlatformAndLanguage);
+                Assert.Equal("Intel;0", summaryPlatform.Value);
+
+                var summaryCodepage = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.Codepage);
+                Assert.Equal("1252", summaryCodepage.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CanBuildEnuWxl()
+        {
+            var folder = TestData.Get(@"TestData", "Language");
+
+            using (var fs = new DisposableFileSystem())
+            {
+                var baseFolder = fs.GetFolder();
+
+                var result = WixRunner.Execute(new[]
+                {
+                    "build",
+                    Path.Combine(folder, "Package.wxs"),
+                    "-loc", Path.Combine(folder, "Package.en-us.wxl"),
+                    "-bindpath", Path.Combine(folder, "data"),
+                    "-intermediateFolder", Path.Combine(baseFolder, "obj"),
+                    "-o", Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.msi")
+                });
+
+                result.AssertSuccess();
+
+                var intermediate = Intermediate.Load(Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.wixpdb"));
+                var section = intermediate.Sections.Single();
+
+                var propertySymbol = section.Symbols.OfType<PropertySymbol>().Single(p => p.Id.Id == "ProductLanguage");
+                Assert.Equal("1033", propertySymbol.Value);
+
+                var summaryPlatform = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.PlatformAndLanguage);
+                Assert.Equal("Intel;1033", summaryPlatform.Value);
+
+                var summaryCodepage = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.Codepage);
+                Assert.Equal("1252", summaryCodepage.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CanBuildJpnWxl()
+        {
+            var folder = TestData.Get(@"TestData", "Language");
+
+            using (var fs = new DisposableFileSystem())
+            {
+                var baseFolder = fs.GetFolder();
+
+                var result = WixRunner.Execute(new[]
+                {
+                    "build",
+                    Path.Combine(folder, "Package.wxs"),
+                    "-loc", Path.Combine(folder, "Package.ja-jp.wxl"),
+                    "-bindpath", Path.Combine(folder, "data"),
+                    "-intermediateFolder", Path.Combine(baseFolder, "obj"),
+                    "-o", Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.msi")
+                });
+
+                result.AssertSuccess();
+
+                var intermediate = Intermediate.Load(Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.wixpdb"));
+                var section = intermediate.Sections.Single();
+
+                var propertySymbol = section.Symbols.OfType<PropertySymbol>().Single(p => p.Id.Id == "ProductLanguage");
+                Assert.Equal("1041", propertySymbol.Value);
+
+                var summaryPlatform = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.PlatformAndLanguage);
+                Assert.Equal("Intel;1041", summaryPlatform.Value);
+
+                var summaryCodepage = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.Codepage);
+                Assert.Equal("932", summaryCodepage.Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CanBuildJpnWxlWithEnuSummaryInfo()
+        {
+            var folder = TestData.Get(@"TestData", "Language");
+
+            using (var fs = new DisposableFileSystem())
+            {
+                var baseFolder = fs.GetFolder();
+
+                var result = WixRunner.Execute(new[]
+                {
+                    "build",
+                    Path.Combine(folder, "Package.wxs"),
+                    "-loc", Path.Combine(folder, "PackageWithEnSummaryInfo.ja-jp.wxl"),
+                    "-bindpath", Path.Combine(folder, "data"),
+                    "-intermediateFolder", Path.Combine(baseFolder, "obj"),
+                    "-o", Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.msi")
+                });
+
+                result.AssertSuccess();
+
+                var intermediate = Intermediate.Load(Path.Combine(baseFolder, @"bin\test.wixpdb"));
+                var section = intermediate.Sections.Single();
+
+                var propertySymbol = section.Symbols.OfType<PropertySymbol>().Single(p => p.Id.Id == "ProductLanguage");
+                Assert.Equal("1041", propertySymbol.Value);
+
+                var summaryPlatform = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.PlatformAndLanguage);
+                Assert.Equal("Intel;1041", summaryPlatform.Value);
+
+                var summaryCodepage = section.Symbols.OfType<SummaryInformationSymbol>().Single(s => s.PropertyId == SummaryInformationType.Codepage);
+                Assert.Equal("1252", summaryCodepage.Value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/LinkerFixture.cs b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/LinkerFixture.cs
index 41c1d773..f73a57d0 100644
--- a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/LinkerFixture.cs
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/LinkerFixture.cs
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ namespace WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration
         [Fact]
         public void MustCompileBeforeLinking()
         {
-            var intermediate1 = new Intermediate("TestIntermediate1", new[] { new IntermediateSection("test1", SectionType.Product, 65001) }, null);
-            var intermediate2 = new Intermediate("TestIntermediate2", new[] { new IntermediateSection("test2", SectionType.Fragment, 65001) }, null);
+            var intermediate1 = new Intermediate("TestIntermediate1", new[] { new IntermediateSection("test1", SectionType.Product) }, null);
+            var intermediate2 = new Intermediate("TestIntermediate2", new[] { new IntermediateSection("test2", SectionType.Fragment) }, null);
             var serviceProvider = WixToolsetServiceProviderFactory.CreateServiceProvider();
 
             var listener = new TestMessageListener();
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/ParseFixture.cs b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/ParseFixture.cs
index 2d98a66c..cdba85de 100644
--- a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/ParseFixture.cs
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/ParseFixture.cs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration
         public void GeneratesCorrectCustomActionIdentifiers()
         {
             var serviceProvider = WixToolsetServiceProviderFactory.CreateServiceProvider();
-            var section = new IntermediateSection("section", SectionType.Fragment, 0);
+            var section = new IntermediateSection("section", SectionType.Fragment);
             var parseHelper = serviceProvider.GetService<IParseHelper>();
 
             parseHelper.CreateCustomActionReference(null, section, "CustomAction32", Platform.X86, CustomActionPlatforms.X86);
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.en-us.wxl b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.en-us.wxl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7453566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.en-us.wxl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<WixLocalization xmlns="http://wixtoolset.org/schemas/v4/wxl" Culture="en-US">
+
+  <String Id="DowngradeError">A newer version of [ProductName] is already installed.</String>
+  <String Id="FeatureTitle">MsiPackage</String>
+
+</WixLocalization>
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.ja-jp.wxl b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.ja-jp.wxl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef287da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.ja-jp.wxl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<WixLocalization xmlns="http://wixtoolset.org/schemas/v4/wxl" Culture="ja-JP">
+
+  <String Id="DowngradeError">A newer version of [ProductName] is already installed.</String>
+  <String Id="FeatureTitle">MsiPackage</String>
+
+</WixLocalization>
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.wxl b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.wxl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10ebf2c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.wxl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<WixLocalization xmlns="http://wixtoolset.org/schemas/v4/wxl">
+
+  <String Id="DowngradeError">A newer version of [ProductName] is already installed.</String>
+  <String Id="FeatureTitle">MsiPackage</String>
+
+</WixLocalization>
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.wxs b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.wxs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bbc14f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/Package.wxs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<Wix xmlns="http://wixtoolset.org/schemas/v4/wxs">
+  <Package Name="~DefaultLanguagePackage" Version="1.0.0.0" Manufacturer="Example Corporation" UpgradeCode="047730a5-30fe-4a62-a520-da9381b8226a">
+
+    <MajorUpgrade DowngradeErrorMessage="!(loc.DowngradeError)" />
+
+    <Feature Id="ProductFeature" Title="!(loc.FeatureTitle)">
+      <Component Directory="INSTALLFOLDER">
+        <File Source="test.txt" />
+      </Component>
+    </Feature>
+  </Package>
+
+  <Fragment>
+    <Directory Id="INSTALLFOLDER" Name="ProgramFilesFolder:\MsiPackage" />
+  </Fragment>
+</Wix>
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/PackageWithEnSummaryInfo.ja-jp.wxl b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/PackageWithEnSummaryInfo.ja-jp.wxl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..596ee077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/PackageWithEnSummaryInfo.ja-jp.wxl
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<WixLocalization xmlns="http://wixtoolset.org/schemas/v4/wxl" SummaryInformationCodepage="1252" Culture="ja-JP">
+
+  <String Id="DowngradeError">A newer version of [ProductName] is already installed.</String>
+  <String Id="FeatureTitle">MsiPackage</String>
+
+</WixLocalization>
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/data/test.txt b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/data/test.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd0db0e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/TestData/Language/data/test.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This is test.txt.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/VariableResolverFixture.cs b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/VariableResolverFixture.cs
index 28c68e99..15e5d334 100644
--- a/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/VariableResolverFixture.cs
+++ b/src/test/WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration/VariableResolverFixture.cs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace WixToolsetTest.CoreIntegration
                 { "ProductNameEditionVersion", new BindVariable() { Id = "ProductNameEditionVersion", Value = "!(loc.ProductNameEdition) v1.2.3" } },
             };
 
-            var localization = new Localization(0, "x-none", variables, new Dictionary<string,LocalizedControl>());
+            var localization = new Localization(0, null, "x-none", variables, new Dictionary<string,LocalizedControl>());
 
             variableResolver.AddLocalization(localization);